Subject and Author Index

SUBJECT AND AUTHOR INDEX

Abraham:

blessing of, 154

faith of, 73, 131, 168, 208

holiness of, 193

Adam, 24, 113, 138, 193, 217–18

and faith, 201

second, 28

sin of, 4, 200

adoption (spiritual), 4, 45, 152

as assurance, 157

and justification, 155

as legal concept, 155

results of, 156

Agricola, Johann, 210, 211

antinomianism, 9, 159, 168, 210

and imputed righteousness, 172

and saving faith, 124

apostasy of the saints, 209, 215–17, 220, 221–22

apparent Scriptural support for, 222–24

Arminianism, 24, 205, 207

view of justification, 177

assurance, 109, 122–23, 124, 125, 127, 148, 150, 152, 193, 215–16, 217; see also perseverance

direct, 129

and election, 218–19

and experience, 217

by Holy Spirit, 220

by Jesus Christ, 219–20

and the syllogism of faith, 129

without good works, 211

atonement, 173, 175, 179, 180

Augustine, 46, 215–16, 218

baptism, 19, 50, 136

as means of regeneration, 44–45

as sign of regeneration, 31, 45

Belgic confession, 153

boasting, 143, 171

Brakel, Wilhelmus, 104, 114

Burman, Franz, 163

calling, 3

as act of God, 38

of children, 36

as comfort, 38

as consciously received, 10, 20, 34, 37

effectual, see internal calling

external, 35, 37, 38, 97

internal, 4, 34, 35–36, 37, 38, 39, 45

applied by Holy Spirit, 39

and conversion, 65, 66

and regeneration, 34, 35–37, 38, 39, 68

order of, 39–40

as source of sanctification, 68

as teleological act, 34

Calvin, John, 4, 40, 114, 122, 152, 204, 215

Canons of Dort, 2–3

children of the covenant, 132

church:

communion with as regeneration, 56

as bride, 27

as object of faith, 96

purity of, 200

Cicero, 83

Cocceius, Johannes, 152

the coming age, 225

Comrie, Alexander, 114, 122, 123, 144, 145

confession (of sin), 157–58

conscious reception of grace, 7, 8, 10, 29, 34, 37, 58, 63, 65, 139, 149, 150, 162

and children, 181

conversion, 6, 54, 58–71

as change in consciousness, 58–60, 64

as consciously received, 58, 63, 65

description of, 63

double, 3

as extension of regeneration, 63–64

and faith, 59, 66–68

false, 65

Greek words for, 58, 61–62

and internal calling, 65

Latin words for, 62–63

as re-creating, 63

and regenerate children, 71

as regeneration, 2

repeated, 64

and repentance, 60, 66

role of Holy Spirit, 70

role of knowledge in, 66–67, 70

and sanctification, 68, 194

temporal aspects of, 64–65, 71

of the will, 59

as work of God, 63, 65, 69

immediate and mediate aspects of, 69–70

as work of man, 63, 65

conviction of sin, see under sin

(the) cross, 69, 119, 205

and satisfaction of God’s demands, 148

Council of Trent, 140

covenant:

of grace, 36, 39, 97, 112, 113, 119, 142, 156, 169, 171, 190, 193, 201, 202, 217, 218, 219, 224

of works, 24, 142, 151, 171, 178, 193, 215, 218

Curcellaeus, Stephanus, 177

curse, 154

David, 222

deism, 18, 20

Ebrard, Johannes Heinrich August, 160, 179, 216

election, 3, 13, 17, 38, 145, 147–48, 215

and assurance, 216–17, 218–19

and faith, 128

and regeneration, 15

Emmons, Nathanael, 51

emotions, 48–49

conversion of, 60

renewal of, 51, 53

Erasmus, 217

Episcopalianism, 45

eternal life, 21, 27, 37, 97, 141–42, 150, 152, 153, 160, 215, 221

and inherent righteousness, 171

and justification, 138, 154, 194

faith, 3, 54, 66, 72–132

of Abraham, 73

absence of, 113

as act of God, 131–33

as act of humans, 132

affective aspects of, 106

antecedent, 79, 81, 82, 99, 106

and apostasy, 221

as assent, 95, 96, 103

and knowledge, 102

moral element of, 103

volitional element of, 103–04

aspects of, 94, 115

before regeneration, 66

biblical imagery of, 82, 120

as capacity of the soul, 83, 92–93

as a new capacity, 93–94

and certainty, 83, 84–85, 89, 90, 124, 129

in Christ, 80, 125

consequent, 79, 81, 82

and conversion, 59, 60, 64, 65, 66–68, 70

and conviction of sin, 67, 100–01

and death of Christ, 128

as defined in Hebrews 11, 77–78, 84, 86, 98

definition of, 89, 101

and desire, 86

disposition of, 132

as distinct from “belief”, 85

Dutch words for, 83

as evidence, 78

“from faith to faith”, 81

formed vs. unformed faith, 96, 141

as ground of holiness, 201

and gospel, 69

good works in, 214

Greek concept of, 75–76

Greek words for, 75, 76–81

pistis (pistis), 75, 76–81, 82

pistis christou (pistis Christou), 81

Hebrew words for, 72–75

he’emin (h'myn), 72–75, 76

influence on NT, 76

historical faith, 94, 107

in revelation, 91–92

versus saving faith, 93–94, 97, 99–100, 102, 118

versus temporary faith, 108

and Holy Spirit, 91, 92, 109, 115, 128

in human society, 89

and the intellect, 60, 74, 75, 77, 81–85, 103, 106, 113, 114–15

as internal obedience, 80

and invisible objects, 86–87

and justification, 6, 68, 81, 138, 141, 143, 145, 149, 161–62, 163, 164–66, 168, 176

and knowledge, 83–85, 86–88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96–100, 106, 116–17, 119, 224

overemphasis on, 101

Latin words for, 83

and love, 130–31

miracle faith, 110

versus saving faith, 110–11

as moral act, 84

mystical view of, 160, 179–80

as obedience, 176

object(s) of, 86–87, 88, 89, 94, 97, 113, 116, 125, 129

church as, 96

election as, 128

grace of God as, 125

promises of God as, 126

Scripture as, 116–17

as testimony or person, 130

personal interest of, 131

and preaching, 126, 132

as proof, 78

psychological aspects of, 83–92

as receptivity, 179–80

and repentance, 61

order of, 68

Roman Catholic views of, 94–96, 101, 141

and sanctification, 201–03, 204

saving faith, 111–12, 114, 116, 117–25, 223

and antinomianism, 124–25

definition of, 112

importance of, 111

invisibility of, 119

and unique relationship to God, 112

versus historical faith, 93–94, 97, 99–100, 102

versus miracle faith, 110–11

versus temporary faith, 108–10

seed of, 132, 181

as seeing, 81–82, 97

and sensory experience, 90–91

and sight, 78, 119

syllogism of, 129

temporary faith, 14, 107–08, 221–22, 223, 224

versus historical faith, 108

versus saving faith, 108–10

and testimony

of God, 116, 119, 130

of the Holy Spirit, 92

of others, 88–89, 91, 92

as trust, 75, 77, 80–81, 82, 94, 104–05, 121, 123–27, 129, 130, 180

affective aspect of, 104–05, 106

insufficiency of, 96

intellectual aspect of, 104, 121–23

and preaching, 126

and promises of God, 126, 127, 128

and self-trust, 123–24

volitional aspect of, 105–06

types of, 106–07

and union with Christ, 24, 27

as value judgment, 85

objections to, 85–86

as waiting on the Lord, 74

and the will, 60, 80, 82, 85–86, 103, 106, 114–15

and works, 80, 143, 154

as work, 79, 131

feelings, 104–05

as basis of temporary faith, 109

federalism, 2

forgiveness:

of future sins, 158–59

ground of, 151

and justification, 150–51, 152, 171, 176

glorification, 5, 8, 23

encouragement by, 10

of God, 112–13, 127, 131, 189

and good works, 214

and justification, 143

as result of justification, 156

grace, 10, 112, 128

as absolute reality, 118

antecedent, 19

as attribute of God, 11

common, 10, 12–13, 61

and deism, 18

and regeneration, 12, 14, 15

resistance of, 15

withdrawal of, 13

and conversion, 63

covenant of, 36, 39, 97, 112, 113, 119, 142, 156, 169, 171, 190, 193, 201, 202, 217, 218, 219, 224

justification under, 151

as distinct from nature, 11

efficacious grace, 13

and justification, 149

and external calling, 97

and faith, 113, 126

habitual, 7

and justification, 22, 143, 152, 171

legal basis of, 23

as object of faith, 125

ordained means of, 17–18

and perseverance, 218

special, 10, 12

relationship to Holy Spirit, 11–12

relationship to Jesus, 20–21

relationship to Scripture, 10, 15–18

subjective, 8, 26

good works, see under works

guilt, 68, 100, 158, 194

conviction of, 100

and pollution, 138, 200

removal of, 44, 45, 139, 151, 153, 159

sense of, 9, 199

heart, 32–33

as dwelling place of the Holy Spirit, 33

as seat of faith, 106, 115

Heidelberg Catechism, 101, 112, 114, 121, 122, 126, 129, 132, 170, 172, 192

Hodge, Charles, 107

holiness:

as cleanness, 184, 200

commands to be holy, 207–08

as conformity to God’s law, 201

at death, 226

as dedication to God, 184–85

disposition of, 212

as distinct from purity, 188

as distinct from righteousness, 188

ethical aspect of, 188

faith as ground of, 201–02

of God:

as God’s self-love, 186

in judgment, 186

impression on the soul, 199

in redemption, 186–87

and righteousness, 187

and good works, 214

Greek words for, 182–84, 189

hagiazō (hagiazō), 190

hagios (hagios), 187

hagiotēs (hagiotēs), 189

Hebrew words for, 184

imputation of, 192

maturity versus, 208

and moral reform, 201

as relationship with god, 188

as separation:

applied to God, 185–86

for special service, 187

from unholy things, 184–85

unconscious, 202

Holtzius, 122, 144

Holy Spirit:

assurance by, 220

and eternal life, 154

illumination by, 102

internal calling applied by, 39

as bond between Christ and believers, 26

and faith, 91, 92, 109, 115, 128

as gift, 26, 27, 224

justification by, 135–36

name of, 187s

regeneration by, 2–3, 6, 14, 32, 41, 44, 52, 53, 54, 93

relationship to operations of grace, 10, 11–12, 20

role in conversion of, 70

resisting, 14

sanctification by, 52, 54, 140, 191, 197, 200

and Scripture, 42–43

and union with Christ, 27

working in nature and working in kingdom of grace, 11

Hume, David, 84

humility, 212

as holiness, 201

illumination, 102, 109

Illyricus, Flacius, 46

image of God, 3, 4, 138, 203

conformity to, 204

immediate acts of God, 30

immutability of God, 46

imputation, 23, 118, 126, 138, 145, 151

and antinomianism, 172

of divine nature, 175–76

eternal, 146

justification by, 134, 135, 141, 148, 153, 158, 160, 161, 164–65, 173, 173, 176, 177, 191

and objective character of righteousness, 137

rejection of, 177–78, 179–80

as surety, 148

inheritance (spiritual), 156, 172

intellect, 48–49, 53

Jesus Christ

assurance through, 219–20

body of, 21, 23, 25, 27–28, 174, 204, 219–20

giver of life, 28

indwelling the believer, 25, 27

and infusion of righteousness, 191–92

knowledge of, 99

love for, 131

as mediator, 3, 20, 127

merits of, 5, 22, 70, 80, 118–19, 123, 125, 138, 139, 140, 142, 144, 150, 151, 153, 158, 162, 164, 165, 170, 173, 176, 193, 203

as model of sanctification, 203

as object of faith, 80, 94, 97, 100, 113, 116, 118–19, 124, 125, 127, 130

obedience of, 148, 151, 152, 153, 154, 173, 192

as public person, 174

relationship with, 120, 127, 130, 155

and sanctification, 196–97

resurrection of, 148

sanctification of, 190–91

and saving grace, 20–21

self-justification, 135

sending of Holy Spirit by, 26, 27

under the law, 173–74

Judas, 222

judgment (final), 171

justice of God, 9, 114, 148, 151, 156

justification, 4, 23, 133–81

active, 150, 152

and adoption, 152, 155

Arminian view of, 177

by baptism, 44

certainty of, 139

as change in man’s condition, 137–38, 139, 142

of children, 181

at Christ’s suffering, 148–49, 154–55, 177

and condition of man, 138, 144

as consciously received, 5, 10, 20, 139, 149, 172, 181

and faith, 162–63, 165

and conversion, 68

corporate, 27

as declaration of righteousness, 133–34, 136, 137, 138, 142, 149, 150, 162, 165, 167, 172

by God the Father, 139–40, 151–52

description of, 138

effective cause of, 151–52

eternal, 121, 144, 145–47

and eternal life, 154

as external, 139, 142, 145

and faith, 6, 27, 68, 81, 100, 121, 138, 141, 145, 149–50, 163, 164–66, 176

as instrumental cause, 161–62, 164

logical aspects of, 163–64

final cause of, 152

as forgiveness, 152, 153, 177

Greek words for, 134

dikaioun (dikaioun), 134–36

dikaios (dikaios), 136

dikaiōsis (dikaiōsis), 136–37

Hebrew words for, 133–34

and inherent righteousness, 169–70

injustice of, 172

instrumental cause of, 161–62, 164

by imputation, 134, 135, 141, 148, 153, 158, 160, 164–65

of the just, 166–67

and second justification, 169

Latin words for, 137

as legal ground of sanctification, 193

life by, 27

loss of, 142, 159

in Old Testament times, 152–53

meritorious cause of, 152

and objective character of righteousness, 137

and the order of salvation, 141

as paradox, 22, 151, 173

passive, 150, 152

and perseverance of the saints, 220–21

personal, 27

public, 171

as regeneration, 179

relationship to moral condition, 7, 9

relationship to regeneration, 6, 138, 179

relationship to sanctification, 138–44, 193–94

repeated justification, 157–59

and the resurrection, 148

Roman Catholic view of, 140–44, 146, 154, 157, 160, 169, 173

as sanctification, 135, 157, 221

Socinian view of, 176

and spiritual inheritance, 156

temporal aspects of, 139, 145, 146–50

and treatment of the sinner, 150

by tribunal of God, 144–45, 150, 162

and union with Christ, 21–22, 26, 179

and works, 143

Kant, Immanuel, 84, 85

knowledge

of faith, 83–85, 86–88, 89, 90, 92, 94, 95, 96–100, 116–18, 224

active aspects of, 119

extent of, 117

overemphasis on, 101

passive aspects of, 119

preceding faith, 100, 117

versus assent, 102

ground of, 90, 92

historical knowledge and faith, 91, 116

versus comprehension, 98

Kuyper, Abraham, 114, 144

law, 143, 154, 156, 169, 170, 173–74, 210

of Christ, 207

curse of, 154

of God, 53, 56, 69, 125, 159, 201, 206, 213, 214

and good works, 213

and sin, 213

of love, 80

and sanctification, 54

Leiden Synopsis, 3

libertinism, 210

Limborch, Philippus van, 177

Locke, John, 84

love, 96, 128

and faith, 130

for God, 130

of God for himself, 186

law of, 80

and law, 156

Lutheranism, 18, 70

apostasy of saints in, 215–16

concept of Scripture, 41, 42

Lydia (character in Acts), 43

Major, John, 210

Manichaeanism, 46

Maresius, Samuel, 163

Mediator, see under Jesus Christ

merits, see under Jesus Christ

qualifications for, 214–15

Meyer, F. B., 30

miracle, 20

miracle faith, see under faith

missions, 17

moral condition

relationship to justification, 8–9, 137–38, 157

mystical union, see union with Christ

nature

as distinct from grace, 11–12

new creation:

as immediate act of God, 41

as regeneration, 32, 40

and sanctification, 199

new life, 32, 36, 51, 53, 209

by the Holy Spirit, 54

and sinlessness, 208

obedience, 143

of Christ, 148, 151, 152, 153, 154

to God’s law, 201

law of, 207

order of salvation, 1–10

different conceptualizations of, 2

importance of, 1–2

justification as central to, 141

temporal aspects of, 145

Osiander, Andreas, 174, 175, 178

Owen, John, 3, 125

pantheism, 28, 175, 179

and apostasy of the saints, 217

view of regeneration, 55–56

passion for God, 109

Paul (apostle), 8, 38, 73, 209

conversion of, 17

view of faith of, 79

and his opponents, 168, 170

shipwreck of, 222

Pelagianism, 10, 41–42, 132, 143, 197, 204, 208, 212, 215

semi-, 19, 41–42, 132

penance, 62

perfectionism, 205–10; see also sanctification

perseverance of the saints, 211, 215–25; see also assurance

as gift of God, 218

and justification, 220–21

and loss of faith, 217

objections to, 221

Piscator, Johannes, 153, 154

Plato, 17, 75

promises of God, 126, 127, 128

punishment (eternal), 9, 151

Rationalism, 90, 160, 197

view of faith of, 101

reconciliation, 4

re-creating acts, 5, 6

regeneration, 2–3, 4, 5, 6, 23, 29–57

as act of God (Father), 40–41, 54

and baptism, 31, 44–45

and calling, 34, 35–37, 38, 39, 68

order of, 39–40

as change in capacity, 47, 55

of children, 36–37, 71, 132

and common grace, 13

as conversion, 2

as distinct from sanctification, 6

during Old Testament dispensation, 56

and election, 15

of the emotions, 48–49, 54, 205

and faith, 22, 59, 126

and good works, 211

Greek words for, 30–31, 32

gennēthēnai (gennēthēnai), 30

anōthen (anōthen), 30

palingenesia (palinngenesia), 31

by the Holy Spirit, 2–3, 41, 53

immediate, 29

instrumentality of Scripture in, 16, 41–44

of intellect, 48–49, 54, 205

as primary, 49

as irresistible, 57

and Jesus Christ, 40–41

as justification, 179

and justification, 138

loss of, 215, 217

metaphors for, 60

pantheistic views of, 55

as physical act, 34, 56

relationship to conversion, 7, 64, 70

as renewal of the heart, 33

as renewal of life, 47, 50–51, 53, 54–55, 64, 93

as renewal of the soul, 46

and repentance, 67

Roman Catholic view of, 44–45, 50, 207

and sanctification, 6, 51, 139, 140, 194, 195

and seed of faith, 132

sin after, 51–52, 209

as a supernatural act, 56–57

temporal aspects of, 194

trichotomist views of, 55

as unconsciously applied, 5, 29, 34, 57

of the will, 47–49, 50–51, 54, 205

relationship with God, 120, 127

as holiness, 188

Remonstrant(s), 70, 110, 130, 131, 143, 154, 160, 166, 177, 216

repentance, 3, 6, 54, 62

and conversion, 60, 66, 68, 70

daily, 64

as death to sin, 69

and faith, 61

order of, 68

and law, 69

metanoia (metanoia), 58–59, 60, 61–62

and regeneration, 4, 67

repeated, 225

resurrection, 3, 28

revelation, 12

in Roman Catholicism, 111

righteousness, 138; see also justification, sanctification, and imputation

as distinct from holiness, 188

of God, 175, 177

and God’s holiness, 187

infusion of, 178, 191

inherent righteousness, 169–71, 174

state of, 193

Roman Catholicism, 8, 19, 56

apostasy of the saints in, 216

on faith, 94–96, 101, 116–17, 130

and miracles, 111

penance in, 62, 142

revelation in, 111

and salvation by works, 24, 122–23, 141–42, 160, 216

view of good works, 213–14

view of justification, 140–44, 146, 154, 157, 160, 169, 173

view of regeneration, 44–45, 50, 207

view of sanctification, 197, 205, 206–07

sacraments, 18–19

sacramentarianism, 25

salvation:

of children, 16, 36, 211

glorification of God by, 112–13

and good works, 80, 143, 154, 211

plan of, 112

objective, 1

subjective, 1

sanctification, 4, 8, 23

after death, 226

apostasy after, 219

aspects of, 198

as atonement, 190

of the body, 198

and Christ’s sacrifice, 190, 194

as cleansing, 200

completion of, 205–06

of conscience, 197, 206

and conversion, 68, 194

as death of sinful nature, 199, 205

definition of, 191

as distinct from justification, 9, 138–44, 202

effective cause of, 203

extent of, 197

and faith, 201–03, 204

false sanctification, 189

Greek words for, 182–83, 189–91

hagiasmos (hagiasmos), 191

hagiazō (hagiazō), 190

hagiotēs (hagiotēs), 189

and good works, 196, 197, 210–11, 212–14

by the Holy Spirit, 52, 54, 140, 191, 197

and holiness, 188–89

immediate, 192, 195

indispensability of, 210

as infusion of righteousness, 191

as internal, 139, 195

judicial ground of, 203, 210

and justification, 68, 172, 193, 210, 221

knowledge of, 196

loss of, 220

of the mind, 197

and moral reform, 201

of passion, 198

perfectionism versus, 206–10

and regeneration, 6, 51, 139, 140, 194, 195

rejection of, 211

Roman Catholic view of, 197, 205, 206–07

legal ground of, 193

supernatural character of, 194–95

temporal aspects of, 139, 193, 194

as unconsciously received, 192

as union with Christ, 203

of the will, 197

as work of God, 192, 194–95, 212–13

Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 101

Scripture:

and calling, 38

center of, 117

and conversion, 69

and experience, 17–18

and faith, 87, 99, 117

faith in, 92

inherent power of, 18

Lutheran view of, 41–42

and operations of grace, 19–20, 35

partaking of, 224–25

and regeneration, 16–18, 19, 41, 42–44

Roman Catholic view of, 117

and special grace, 15–16

testimony of, 116–17

second probation, 226

Shedd, William G. T., 15

sin; see also forgiveness

confession of, 157

conviction of, 67, 100, 200

crucifixion to, 64, 199, 209

indwelling sin, 52, 53

as lack, 5, 46

and misery, 226

as power, 5–6

redefinition of, 206

and sanctification, 195, 206

trichotomist view of, 55

Socinianism, 24, 160, 205, 216

view of justification, 176

Socrates, 17

sovereignty, 2, 11

Surety, 144, 151, 152

trichotomy (view of man), 55

trust, see under faith

truth, 15, 41

and conversion, 66

disposition of man towards, 42

as ground of truth, 90, 91

as highest reality, 59

immutability of, 42

theoretical interest in, 120

and trust/faith, 79, 86, 89, 95, 104, 119–20

universality of, 42

Turretin, Francis, 3

unconscious reception of grace, 7, 8, 10, 29, 34, 57, 63; see also conscious reception of grace

union with Christ, 3, 21, 23, 24–27, 56, 130, 175, 180

and assurance, 219

essence of, 25

and faith, 24

as legal basis for justification, 21–22, 26, 179

permanency of, 25

and personal identity, 24, 25

and salvation by works, 24

as sanctification, 203, 204

transformative, 28

as work of Christ, 27

Voetius, Gisbertus, 4–5, 114, 123, 144

Wesley, John, 207

the will, 47–48

conversion of, 59

and faith, 60, 80, 82, 85–86, 103, 106, 114–15

freedom of, 50, 192

renewal of, 50–51, 53

sanctification of, 198

Witsius, Herman, 95, 107, 108, 130, 167

Wollebius, Johannes, 3

Word of God, see Scripture

work(s):

covenant of, 24, 142, 151, 171, 178, 193, 215, 218

and faith, 80

faith as, 79, 131

good works, 196, 210–11, 212–15

as conformity to God’s law, 213

merit of, 214

Roman Catholic view of, 213–14

and justification, 143, 166

salvation by, 24, 112, 113, 122–23, 128, 141–42, 160

wrath, 7

Zwingli, Ulrich, 16

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