Subject Index
Subject Index
(Page numbers refer to print edition.)
a priori, , , ,
A-series view of events. See A-theory of time
A-theory of time, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
See also B-theory of time
abduction. See adduction
ability condition, ,
absolute creationism. See responses to Platonism, absolute creationism
absolute intentions. See intention, absolute
absolute motion, , , , ,
absolute place, ,
absolute space, , , ,
See also relative space; space
absolute time. See time, absolute
absolutism, , , , , ,
conflicting, , , ,
graded, , ,
unqualified, , , ,
See also morality, moral absolute; objectivism; personal identity, absolute view of; truth, absolute
abstract entities, , , , ,
abstract object, , , , , , , , ,
See also aseity
access consciousness. See consciousness, access
accessibilism, , ,
accidental generalization, ,
accidents (in metaphysics), , , , , , ,
See also properties, accidental
accidents (unintended events), , , , , , , , , , , , ,
act
of being, , , ,
heteronomous, , ,
token, , ,
type, , , ,
of will, , , , , ,
actual world, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
See also possible worlds
actualism, ,
actualizability, , , , , ,
ad hoc adjustment, , , , , , , , , , ,
adduction, ,
aether, , ,
agency, , , , , , , ,
divine, , ,
natural, ,
personal, , , , , , , , ,
agent action, ,
agnosticism, ,
hard,
soft,
akrasia, , ,
alteration, ,
altruism, ,
in animals, ,
“egoistic,” (see also ethical egoism, vs. [mere] egoist)
genuine, ,
pseudo-, ,
See also best self-interest; morality, and sociobiological pressures
altruistic behavior. See altruism, in animals
amphiboly. See informal fallacy, amphiboly
analogical sense, , ,
analogy, principle of. See principle of analogy
analysandum, ,
animal rights, ,
animalism, , , ,
annihilationism, ,
anthropic principle, , , ,
anthropology, , , , , ,
anti-intellectualism, , ,
antirealism, , ,
about mathematical objects (see responses to Platonism, antirealism)
about mind-independent world, ,
scientific, , , , , , , , , ,
antithesis, ,
Apollinarianism, , ,
apologetics, , ,
approximate truth. See verisimilitude
archetypal man, ,
arealism. See responses to Platonism, arealism
argument, , , , ,
deductive, , 52-53, 57-58, , ,
from error, , ,
formally valid, , , ,
for God’s existence (see natural theology)
good, 28-30, , , , , , , ,
inductive, , 52-53, , , , ,
informally valid, ,
invalid, , , , , ,
modal, ,
simple, ,
sound, , , , , ,
unsound, ,
argument from consciousness,
argument from ignorance. See informal fallacy, argument form ignorance
argument from “queerness” of morality,
See also value, objective moral
Arianism, ,
“Plantingian,”
arrow of time. See time, arrow of
aseity, , , , , ,
asymmetricality,
in causal relations,
in conscious accessing relations,
in epistemic relations, , , , , ,
of time, ,
See also time, arrow of
ataraxia, ,
atemporality, , , , , ,
atheism, , , , , , , , , , ,
and contemporary professional philosophy, ,
presumption of, ,
redefinition of “atheist,”
See also naturalism
atheistic moral realism, ,
atonement, , , , ,
moral influence theory of, ,
penal substitution theory of (see penal substitution)
ransom theory of, ,
satisfaction theory of Anselm, ,
as acceptation, ,
See also imputation; justice; propitiation; punishment; vicarious liability
Augustinianism, ,
autonomy
autonomous act, , ,
principle of, , , ,
axiological argument, , , , , , , , ,
See also Euthyphro dilemma; metaethics, theistic, objections and replies to
axiom of localization, ,
B-series view of events. See B-theory of time
B-theory of time, , , , , , , , , , ,
See also A-theory of time
basing relation, ,
See also asymmetricality
Bayes’s theorem, 53-55, , ,
begging the question. See informal fallacy, begging the question
behaviorism,
methodological, ,
philosophical, ,
being, , ,
act of, , , ,
modes of, , , , , ,
See also coming-to-be
belief, , , , , , ,
basic, , , ,
belief/desire set,
Christian, , , , , ,
coherence theories of, ,
nonbasic, , , ,
perceptual, , , , , ,
properly basic, , , , , ,
religious, , , , ,
tensed,
theistic, , , , , , ,
true, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
beneficence, principle of. See principle of beneficence
best self-interest, ,
See also altruism; sociobiological pressures
bias, , , , , , ,
See also objectivity
Bible, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
See also church fathers; Council of Chalcedon; Council of Nicaea
big bang, , , , , , , , , , , , ,
See also universe, standard model
bivalence, principle of. See principle of bivalence
black holes,
blind sight, ,
blind watchmaker thesis, ,
See also evolution
body,
Boltzmann brain, ,
See also many worlds hypothesis
Borde-Guth-Vilenkin theorem,
brain view. See physicalism, brain view
brain-in-the-vat argument, , ,
See also evil-demon argument
brute fact, , , , , , , ,
burden of proof, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
Calvinism, ,
capacities, , , , , , , , ,
in God, ,
higher- and lower-order, , ,
in nature, , , , , , , , ,
Cartesian anxiety, ,
Cartesian certainty. See certainty, Cartesian
categorical ability, ,
categorical analysis, ,
categorical imperative, ,
category, , , , , ,
category mistake, , ,
catholicity, ,
causal closedness of the past,
See also necessity, temporal
causal closure of the physical, ,
See also unity of science
causal deviance, ,
causal dispositions theory, ,
causal pairing problem, ,
causal power, , , , , , ,
causal theory of action, , ,
See also agency, natural
causation, ,
agent, , , ,
backward, , ,
event-event, , , , , ,
general, ,
noncausal theory of agency, ,
primary, , , ,
secondary, , , ,
singular, ,
cause
efficient, , , , , , ,
final, , , , , ,
first (see first cause)
formal, ,
instrumental, ,
material, , , , ,
primary, , ,
secondary, , , , ,
cause-effect. See identity, vs. cause-effect
center of self-consciousness, , ,
certainty, , ,
absolute, , , ,
Cartesian, , ,
change, , , ,
accidental, ,
extrinsic, , ,
intrinsic, , , , ,
lawlike, ,
substantial, , ,
changelessness, , , , , ,
character, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
of God, , , , , ,
See also virtue epistemology, character-based
Chinese room, , , ,
christological controversies, , , ,
of 4th-7th centuries, (see also trinitarian controversy)
since the Reformation,
Christology
Alexandrian, , ,
Antiochene, , , ,
“confuse the nature of Christ,” ,
controversies (see christological controversies)
“divide the person of Christ,” ,
dyophysite, , ,
implicit, ,
kenotic, , ,
Logos-flesh, ,
Logos-man, ,
Lutheran, ,
monophysite, , , ,
monotheletism, , ,
Reformed, ,
See also incarnation; Logos; real presence
church fathers, , , , , , , , , , , ,
Cappadocian fathers, , ,
Latin fathers, ,
See also Bible; Council of Chalcedon; Council of Nicaea
clock retardation, , ,
See also relativity of simultaneity
clock synchronization, , , ,
closest continuer problem,
closet utilitarian argument. See ethical egoism, closet utilitarian argument for
coextensionality. See identity, vs. coextensionality
cognitivism, , ,
epistemological,
moral, , ,
coherentism, , , ,
entailment coherence, ,
explanatory coherence, ,
holistic, ,
linear, ,
negative, ,
positive, ,
probability coherence, ,
strong, ,
theories of belief (see belief, coherence theories of)
theories of justification, , , ,
theories of meaning,
theories of truth, , , , , ,
weak, ,
come into being, to. See coming-to-be
coming-to-be, , , , , , , , , , , , ,
See also perishing; temporal becoming
commensurability, , , , ,
common sense, , , , , , ,
critical,
communication of the attributes, ,
compatibilism, , , , ,
classical, ,
contemporary, ,
hard, ,
soft, ,
complementarity view, , ,
complementary thesis,
complete in species. See substance, complete in species
composition. See informal fallacy, composition
composition relation, ,
conceptual analysis, , , , ,
conceptualism (about abstract objects). See responses to Platonism, conceptualism
conceptualism (about God’s knowledge). See God, knowledge of, conceptualist model
conceptualist argument for God’s existence, ,
concrete object,
concretism. See responses to Platonism, conceptualism
conditional
deliberative, ,
subjunctive, 46-47, ,
conditional intentions. See intention, conditional
conditional proof, 38-39, ,
consciousness, , , , , , , , , , , ,
access, , ,
phenomenal, , ,
unity of, , ,
See also argument from consciousness
consequence,
consequentialist theories of justice. See justice, consequentialist theories of
conservation, , , , , , ,
continuing creation, , ,
creatio continuans, , ,
See also creation
Constantinopolitan Creed, , ,
constitution, “is” of,
constitution relation, ,
constructibilism. See responses to Platonism, constructibilism
constructive empiricism, ,
contemporary compatibilism. See compatibilism, contemporary
contingency, , , , , , , ,
contingent beings, , 474, , , ,
contingent statements, , (see also identity, statements, contingent)
continuant, ,
contradictory, , , , ,
control condition, ,
conventionalism (about mathematical objects). See responses to Platonism, conventionalism
conventionalism (in ethics). See relativism, normative or ethical
conventionalism (theory of necessity). See necessity, conventionalist theory of
corpus callosum, , ,
correspondence thesis (in ethics), ,
See also deontological ethics
cosmic authority problem, ,
cosmic fine-tuning. See fine-tuning
cosmological argument
kalam, , , , , , , , , , ,
Leibnizian, , , , ,
Thomist, , , ,
See also essence, and existence
Council of Chalcedon, , , , , ,
See also Bible; church fathers
Council of Nicaea, , ,
See also Bible; church fathers
counterfactual, , , , ,
backtracking, ,
of creaturely freedom, , , , , , ,
of divine freedom, ,
logic, ,
“might,” ,
statement, ,
“would,” 46-47,
counterpossibles, , 49-50,
creation, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
creatio ex nihilo, , , ,
creatio originans, , ,
See also conservation
creationism,
old earth (see creationism, progressive)
progressive, , ,
young earth, , , ,
See also evolution; intelligent design (ID) theory; theistic science
Creator, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
criterion of ontological commitment, ,
critical realist theory of perception, ,
de facto objection, ,
de jure objection, ,
deconstructionism,
decree, , , , , , ,
defeasibility, , , ,
defeaters, , , , , , , , , ,
rebutting,
undercutting,
deliberation, , , ,
deontological ethics, , , , , , , , ,
act deontology, ,
integration with virtue ethics,
rule deontology, ,
See also correspondence thesis (in ethics); duty; ethics; morality
description, ,
design inference, , , ,
See also intelligent Designer; specified complexity
desire, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
first-order, ,
morally relevant, ,
second-order, ,
determinism, , , , , , , ,
hard, ,
soft, ,
dialectical argument, ,
dialectical loop,
dichotomous thinking, ,
direct access, ,
discipline
first-order, , , , ,
second-order, 15-16, , , , , , ,
disposition. See capacities
distinction
modal, , ,
real, , , ,
of reason, ,
of reasoned reason, ,
of reasoning reason, ,
divine command morality, , , ,
divine commands, , ,
See also Euthyphro dilemma
divine economy, , ,
divine ideas, ,
divine nature, , , , , , , , , ,
doxastic assumption, ,
doxastic voluntarism, , , ,
direct, ,
indirect, ,
dual ability/control, ,
See also one-way ability/control
dualism, ,
anthropological, ,
Cartesian, ,
Haskerian, , , ,
mere-property, , , ,
property, , , ,
substance, , , ,
generic, ,
Thomistic/Aristotelian, ,
See also near death experience (NDE)
duty
categorical,
duty-fulfillment, ,
epistemic, ,
moral, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , (see also value, objective moral)
objective, , , , , (see also value, objective moral)
prima facie, , , , ,
subjective, ,
See also deontological ethics
dynamic theory of time. See A-theory of time
egoist. See ethical egoism, vs. (mere) egoist
egotism. See ethical egoism, vs. egotism
eliminative materialism, , ,
See also materialism; physicalism; unity of science
emergence, , , , ,
emergentism, ,
emotivism, , ,
empirical problem, ,
anomalous, , ,
solved, ,
unsolved,
empirical science, , , ,
See also natural science
empirically equivalent theories. See scientific theories, empirically equivalent
empiricist views of personal identity. See personal identity, empiricist views of
endurance, ,
See also A-theory of time
enhypostasia, ,
entity realism. See realism, entity
epicycle,
epiphenomenalism, , , , ,
epistemic authority, , , ,
epistemic chain, ,
epistemic peer,
See also epistemology, of peer disagreement
epistemic subjectivity, ,
epistemology, , , 61-62, , , ,
epistemological “unmoved mover,” (see also foundationalism)
externalism, , , ,
strong, ,
weak, ,
internalism, , , ,
strong, ,
weak, ,
of justification, 63-65, , (see also justification)
moral, , , (see also intuition, moral)
naturalized, , ,
of peer disagreement, , ,
conformist, ,
steadfast, , (see also ethics, basic ethical disagreement; morality, moral disagreement)
Reformed, ,
religious, , , , ,
of science, , ,
virtue (see virtue epistemology)
See also belief; coherentism, theories of justification; foundationalism; intuition; knowledge; sensory experience
epoche, ,
equivocation. See informal fallacy, equivocation
essence, , , , , , , , , , ,
divine, , , , , , (see also divine nature)
and existence, , , , (see also act, of being; cosmological argument, Thomist)
individual, , , , ,
kind, , , , ,
essentialism, , , , ,
eternal-temporal (ET) simultaneity relation, ,
eternalism, ,
See also B-theory of time
eternity, , , , , ,
divine , , , , , , (See also eternal-temporal (ET) simultaneity relation; God, temporality of; God, timelessness of)
and human beings, , , , , (see also immortality; near death experience)
of matter, ,
ethical egoism, , , ,
clarification of term usage,
closet utilitarian argument for, , ,
vs. egotism, , ,
individual or personal, ,
vs. (mere) egoist,
paradox of, , ,
psychological, , ,
universal or impersonal rule, ,
vs. wanton, ,
ethics
applied, , ,
aretaic, ,
basic ethical disagreement, , (see also epistemology, of peer disagreement; morality, moral disagreement)
deontological (see deontological ethics)
descriptive, ,
descriptive, factual “is,” , ,
ethical egoism (see ethical egoism)
ethical nonnaturalism, , , ,
normative, , , , ,
normative ethics proper, ,
prescriptive, evaluative “ought,” ,
teleological, , , , , ,
utilitarianism (see utilitarianism)
virtue (see virtue ethics)
See also metaethics; morality; value; virtue
eudaimonia, , ,
euthanasia, , ,
Euthyphro dilemma,
See also divine command morality
evangelicalism, 3-4, , , , ,
evangelism, , , , , ,
fate of the unevangelized (see particularism, Christian; religious diversity)
See also world evangelization
event, ,
future contingent, , , , , (see also proposition, future contingent)
naturally impossible, , ,
property exemplification view of, ,
uncaused, , , , ,
event-event causation. See causation, event-event
evidence, 17-20, , , 52-53, , , , , , ,
and miracles , (see also miracles, identification of)
and theorizing, , , , , , , , , , , ,
evidentialism, ,
evil
gratuitous, ,
moral, , , , , , , , ,
natural, , , , ,
problem of (see problem of evil)
evil-demon argument, , ,
See also brain-in-the-vat argument
evolution,
and “survival of the fittest,”
theistic, , , ,
See also blind watchmaker thesis; creationism; intelligent design (ID) theory; theistic science
ex nihilo. See creation, creatio ex nihilo
exclusivism, ,
exemplification, , , ,
impure realist, , ,
model-copy view, ,
nonspatial (and atemporal) view of, ,
pure realist, ,
spatial container view of, ,
existence, , , , , , , , , , ,
a se existence (see aseity)
and essence (see essence, and existence)
See also act, of being
existentialism,
expansion of Europe, ,
expected utility principle, ,
explanandum, ,
explanans,
explanation
compositional or structural, ,
covering-law or inferential model of, ,
deductive-nomological, ,
deductive-statistical, ,
inductive-statistical, ,
historical, ,
intentional, ,
realist, causal model of,
“tidy,” ,
transitional, ,
See also inference to the best explanation
explanatory priority, , , ,
external conceptual problems, 26-27, , , , , ,
fact, , , ,
nonvalue or “mere,” , , , ,
tensed, , , , ,
value (see value, fact)
faculty
of reason, , , , ,
of the soul, ,
mind, ,
spirit, ,
of the will,
sensory, , , , ,
faith, , ,
in Christ, , , , ,
Christian, , , 7-8, 19-20, , , , , , ,
as grounded in knowledge, , ,
and postmodernism,
produced by the Holy Spirit, ,
fall, the, ,
falsification principle, ,
falsificationism, ,
fatalism, , , , , ,
global, ,
local, ,
theological, , ,
Father. See God, the Father
feasibility, , , , , ,
See also possible worlds
fictional objects, ,
fictionalism. See responses to Platonism, fictionalism
figuralism. See responses to Platonism, figuralism
fine-tuning, , , ,
and principle of indifference, ,
first cause, , , , , ,
God as, , , , ,
See also unmoved mover
first law of the conservation of mass/energy, ,
fission,
folk psychology, ,
foreknowledge. See God, knowledge, foreknowledge
formal principle, ,
foundationalism, , , ,
ancient classical, ,
classical, , ,
modern classical, ,
strong, , ,
weak, ,
foundations,
D-temporal-parts view,
See also four-dimensionalism
four-dimensionalism, ,
free action, , , , ,
free will, , , , ,
See also Libet experiments
free will defense, , ,
freedom
compatibilist (see compatibilism)
divine, , ,
human, , , , ,
libertarian, , , , , , , , ,
of moral and rational responsibility, ,
of permission, ,
of personal integrity, ,
function role, ,
functional concept,
functional unity, ,
functionalism, , ,
general theory of relativity, , , , ,
genetic fallacy. See informal fallacy, genetic fallacy
genus, ,
genus-species relationship, ,
geometrical approach to gravitation, , ,
Gettier-type counterexamples, , , , ,
goals for science, ,
extrinsic,
intrinsic,
God
arguments for existence of (see natural theology)
divine interaction with the world, , , , , , ,
the Father, ,
goodness of, (see also Euthyphro dilemma)
hiddenness of, , ,
the Holy Spirit (see Holy Spirit)
image of, , , , , ,
knowledge
conceptualist model, , ,
foreknowledge, , , ,
free knowledge, , ,
middle knowledge, , , , , , , , , ,
natural knowledge, , , ,
omniscience, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
perceptualist model, , , , ,
simple foreknowledge,
nature of (see divine nature)
omnipresence of (see omnipresence)
the Son (see Jesus)
temporality of, ,
timelessness of, , ,
See also incarnation; Trinity
god-of-the-gaps, ,
greater of two goods view. See absolutism, graded
greatest conceivable being, , , ,
Greek Apologists, , , ,
ground,
epistemic, , , , , , , , , ,
explanatory,
Ground of Being, , , , ,
metaphysical, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
grounding objection, , , ,
guilt, transfer vs. replication, ,
See also vicarious liability
habit, , , , , , , , ,
happenings, , , ,
happiness, , , , , ,
as byproduct (see paradox of hedonism)
as skill at life or knowledge of God (see eudaimonia)
See also virtue ethics; utilitarianism
hardware view, ,
Hawking-Penrose singularity theorems,
heap, , , , ,
heaven, , , , , , , ,
hell, , , , , ,
See also justice
heteronomous act. See act, heteronomous
heteronomous self-interest, ,
See also best self-interest; morally relevant desire
heteroousios, ,
See also homoousios; Trinity
hierarchical compatibilism. See compatibilism, contemporary
highest degree of incumbency, , , , ,
Hilbert’s Hotel, ,
historical explanation. See explanation, historical
historical Jesus. See Jesus, historical
historical science, , , , ,
holenmerically in, ,
See also omnipresence
holism, , ,
Holy Spirit, , , , , , , , , , ,
inner witness (or instigation) of, ,
as leading and inspiring Jesus in ministry,
See also epistemology, Reformed; sensus divinitatis
homoousios, , , ,
See also heteroousios; Trinity
honesty, principle of. See principle of honesty
human action, , , ,
human nature, , , , , ,
of Christ or the Logos, , , , , , , , , (see also incarnation)
individual, ,
hyperdimension, ,
See also omnipresence
hypostasis, , , , , ,
hypostatic union, , , ,
hypothetical ability, ,
hypothetical indicative, ,
hypothetico-deductive method. See scientific methodology, hypothetico-deductive method
idea theory of perception, ,
identity, , , ,
absolute, strict sense of, ,
vs. cause-effect, ,
vs. coextensionality, ,
difference (test for), ,
genidentity, ,
vs. inseparability, ,
Leibniz’s law of the identity of indiscernibles. See Leibniz’s law of the identity of indiscernibles
Leibniz’s law of the indiscernibility of identicals (see Leibniz’s law of the indescernibility of identicals)
loose, popular sense of, ,
personal (see personal identity)
relative, ,
statements, , , , ,
contingent, ,
meaning, ,
metalinguistic account of, ,
referential or name, ,
traditional (or objectual) account of, ,
identity theory
token-token, , ,
type-type, ,
immateriality, ,
of abstract objects,
of God, , , , , , , ,
and philosophy of mind, , , , , ,
immortality, , ,
immediate resurrection position on, ,
re-creation position on, ,
traditional position on, ,
See also intermediate state; near death experience (NDE)
immutability, , , , , , , ,
impeccability, , ,
imperativalism, ,
impossible worlds, ,
imputation, , , ,
See also atonement; punishment; vicarious liability
incarnation
without change, , , ,
without confusion, , ,
without division, , ,
indwelling, ,
and Jesus’ dependence on the Father,
and Jesus’ dependence on the Holy Spirit,
one person having two natures, ,
without separation, , ,
two minds, , , ,
two natures of Christ, , , ,
ubiquity of Christ’s body, ,
unity of Christ’s person, , ,
See also Christology; human nature, of Christ or the Logos; Logos; subliminal self
inclusivism, , ,
incommensurability,
incorporeality, , , , , ,
incorrigibility, ,
indeterminism, ,
indexicals
in the Godhead, ,
“I,” , , , , , ,
personal, , , , , , ,
See also personal identity
indifference, principle of. See fine-tuning, and principle of indifference
individuals (within the Godhead). See Trinity, individuals within
individuation, , ,
individuator, ,
indubitability, ,
induction, , ,
enumerative, , ,
problem of, , , ,
See also inference to the best explanation
inductivism. See scientific methodology, inductivism
inertial frame, , ,
infallibility, , , ,
inference to the best explanation, , , ,
accord with accepted beliefs,
comparative superiority,
explanatory power,
explanatory scope,
less ad hoc,
plausibility, 51-52,
See also explanation; induction
infinity, , , , , , ,
actual infinite, , , , , ,
potential infinite, , , , , , ,
traversing the infinite, , , (see also Tristram Shandy paradox)
informal fallacy, ,
amphiboly, ,
argument from ignorance, ,
begging the question, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
composition, ,
equivocation, , , ,
genetic fallacy, , , ,
inner nature, ,
inseparability. See identity, vs. inseparability
inseparable part. See part, inseparable
instancing, , , ,
instrumentalism, , , ,
integration, , , , , , , , , , , ,
models of,
intellectual history, , ,
intelligent design (ID) theory, , ,
See also creationism; evolution; theistic science
intelligent Designer, ,
intent, , , , ,
vs. motive. See motive, vs. intent
intention, , , ,
absolute, ,
conditional, ,
special divine,
intentionality, , , , , , , , ,
intentional object, ,
intermediate mover, ,
intermediate state, , , ,
See also immortality; near death experience (NDE)
internal conceptual problem, , , ,
intrinsic maxima, ,
intrinsic metric, ,
introspection, ,
intuition, , ,
moral, , ,
rational, , , ,
irreflexive, ,
is vs. ought,
See also ethics; morality
Islam, , , , ,
isolation problem, ,
Jesus, , , , , , , , , ,
atoning death, , , ,
dependence in ministry upon the Holy Spirit,
earthly limitations and dependency on the Father, (see also Incarnation)
historical, , ,
incarnation of (see incarnation)
resurrection of (see resurrection of Jesus)
self-understanding of, , ,
Jewish monotheism. See monotheism, Jewish
justice
consequentialist theories of, , ,
material principle of
in egalitarianism,
in (ethical/political) libertarianism,
in Marxism,
in utilitarianism, (see also material principle)
retributive theories of, , , , ,
negative retributivism, ,
positive retributivism, ,
justification, , , , , ,
coherence theory of,
deontological view of, , ,
externalism, ,
internalism, ,
normativity of,
pragmatic, ,
prima facie, , , , ,
of punishment (see punishment)
See also epistemology, of justification
justificationism, ,
kingdom of ends, ,
kingdom of God, , , ,
knowledge
by acquaintance, , , , , , ,
causal theory of, ,
criteria for, ,
defeasible, ,
by description, ,
“high-grade,”
know-how, , , , ,
no relevant falsehood view, ,
perceptual, , ,
propositional, , , ,
reliability theory of, ,
sociology of, ,
standard definition, 63-64,
tripartite analysis, , , ,
knowledge argument, ,
law, scientific,
See also scientific theories, laws versus
law of excluded middle, ,
laws of nature, , , , ,
violations of, , ,
law of noncontradiction, ,
legal moralism,
Leibniz’s law of the identity of indiscernibles, , ,
Leibniz’s law of the indiscernibility of identicals, , , ,
length contraction, , ,
See also relativity of length
lesser of two evils view. See absolutism, conflicting
Libet, Benjamin. See Libet experiments
Libet experiments,
libertarianism (ethical/political). See justice, material principle of, in (ethical/political) libertarianism
libertarianism (view of free will). See freedom, libertarian
life, ,
life preservation, principle of. See principle of life preservation
line of demarcation,
See also scientific methodology
linguistic analysis, ,
logic, , , ,
Aristotelian,
first-order predicate,
free (see responses to Platonism, free logic)
modal, ,
propositional, ,
rules of, 28-29,
absorption, ,
addition, ,
conditional proof, ,
conjunction, 33-34,
constructive dilemma, ,
disjunctive syllogism, , ,
hypothetical syllogism, , , ,
modus ponens, , 45-46, , , , ,
modus tollens, , , , ,
simplification, ,
sentential, ,
symbolic, ,
See also informal fallacy
logical consistency, , , , , ,
logical equivalences, ,
logical positivism, , , ,
Logos, , , , , , ,
See also Christology
Lorentz transformations, ,
Lorentzian relativity, , , , ,
“manifest image,” ,
See also “scientific image”
many minds, problem of. See problem of many minds
many worlds hypothesis, , ,
See also Boltzmann brain
material constitutionalism, , , ,
material principle, ,
materialism, , , ,
See also eliminative materialism; physicalism
mathematical discourse,
maxim, , ,
maximal excellence, ,
maximal greatness,
quasi-,
Maxwell’s electrodynamics, ,
McTaggart’s paradox,
means, ,
See also intent; motive
memory, , , , , ,
See also personal identity, empiricist views of, memory view
mental
entity, ,
properties (see properties, mental)
state, , ,
supervenience thesis, ,
token, ,
type, ,
mereological aggregate, , , , , ,
mereological essentialism, , , , ,
metaethics, , , , , ,
theistic, , ,
objections and replies to,
See also relativism, metaethical or conceptual
metanarrative, ,
metaphysical grid, ,
metaphysics, , , , , ,
special, , ,
See also mode; ontology; part; properties; substance
metaphysical Aristotelianism, ,
methodism, , ,
methodological doubt, ,
methodological naturalism. See naturalism, methodological
metrically amorphous time. See time, metrically amorphous
Michelson-Morley experiment, ,
middle knowledge. See God, knowledge, middle knowledge
“might”
epistemic, ,
logical, ,
mind,
See also soul; spirit
mind-body problem, , , , ,
mind-independent reality, , ,
minimal physical duplicate worlds, ,
miracles, , , , , , ,
identification of,
See also event, naturally impossible; evidence, and miracles; resurrection of Jesus
modal structuralism. See responses to Platonism, modal structuralism
modalism. See unitarian view of God
mode, ,
See also part, inseparable
modernity, , ,
Molinism, , ,
See also God, knowledge, middle knowledge; providence
monarchianism. See unitarian view of God
monotheism, , , ,
Jewish,
See also Trinity
morality
vs. custom, etiquette, law, (see also ethics, descriptive, factual “is”; ethics, prescriptive, evaluative “ought”)
definition of, ,
divine command (see divine command morality)
exception (to a moral absolute), , , , ,
exemption (from a moral absolute), , , ,
moral absolute, , , , , (see also absolutism; morality, exception; morality, exemption; objectivism)
moral accountability, , , , ,
moral disagreement, , , ,
sources for, , (see also epistemology, of peer disagreement; ethics, basic ethical disagreement)
moral epistemology (see epistemology, moral)
moral evil (see evil, moral)
moral forbiddenness, ,
moral goodness, , ,
moral intuition (see intuition, moral)
moral linguistics, , ,
moral nihilism, ,
moral ontology, , , (see also atheistic moral realism; duty, moral; duty, objective; value, objective moral)
moral permission, , , ,
moral point of view, , , , , ,
moral requirement, ,
moral responsibility, , , , ,
moral statements, , , , , , , , , ,
moral terms, , , , , , , ,
descriptive definitions of, ,
evaluative definitions of, ,
moral value (or rightness), , ,
moral virtue, , , , (see also virtue ethics)
and natural law (see natural moral law)
nonmoral value (or goodness), , , , , ,
“queerness” of (see argument from “queerness” of morality)
and sociobiological pressures, , ,
See also deontological ethics; ethics; metaethics; utilitarianism; value; virtue ethics
morally relevant desire, ,
See also heteronomous self-interest
motive, , , , , ,
vs. intent,
vs. means,
vs. reasons, ,
multiple realization, , ,
myth of the given, ,
natural kind, , , , , ,
typical member of a, ,
natural law. See laws of nature
natural moral law, , , , ,
natural science, , , ,
See also empirical science
natural theology, , , , , , ,
argument from consciousness (see argument from consciousness)
axiological argument (see axiological argument)
conceptualist argument (see conceptualist argument for God’s existence)
kalam cosmological argument (see cosmological argument, kalam)
Leibnizian cosmological argument (see cosmological argument, Leibnizian)
ontological argument (see ontological argument)
Thomist cosmological argument (see cosmological argument, Thomist)
See also resurrection of Jesus
naturalism, , ,
ethical, , , (see also ethics, ethical nonnaturalism)
evolutionary, ,
methodological, , , , , , , , , ,
philosophical, , , , ,
See also atheism; natural theology; theism
naturally impossible event. See event, naturally impossible
nature, ,
See also essence
near death experience (NDE), , , , ,
accounts of,
See also eternity, and human beings; immortality; substance dualism
necessary being, , , , , , , , , ,
See also abstract entity; aseity
necessary condition, , ,
necessitas consequentiae. See necessity, necessitas consequentiae
necessitas consequentis. See necessity, necessitas consequentis
necessity, , ,
accidental (see necessity, temporal)
broad logical, 44-45, ,
conventionalist theory of, ,
de dicto, , , ,
“factual,” , ,
logical, , ,
metaphysical, , ,
necessary falsehood,
necessary truth, , , ,
necessitas consequentiae, ,
necessitas consequentis, ,
nomological, ,
physical, , , , ,
de re, , , , ,
in sensu composito, ,
in sensu diviso, ,
strict logical, , , ,
temporal, , , ,
neo-Darwinism, 55-56,
neo-Meinongianism. See responses to Platonism, neo-Meinongianism
Nestorianism, , , , , ,
neuron, ,
mirror,
neurophysiology, , ,
New Age,
Newcomb’s paradox,
Newton’s mechanics, ,
Nicene Creed, , ,
noetic effects of sin, ,
noetic structure, , , ,
nomic necessity theory, ,
nominalism, , , , , , ,
extreme, , , ,
noncognitivism, , ,
nonexistent object,
nonidentity assumption, ,
nonmaleficence, principle of. See principle of nonmaleficence
nonrational nonrealism, , , , ,
nonspatiality, , , ,
normal science,
nothingness, , , ,
noumenal world, ,
numbers, , , ,
objective moral values. See value, objective moral
objective truth. See truth, objective
objectivism, , , , , ,
See also absolutism; morality, moral absolute
objectivity, ,
psychological,
rational,
See also bias
observational terms, , ,
occasionalism, , ,
Ockham’s razor, , , , , ,
See also simplicity
Ockhamist solution,
omnibenevolence, , ,
omnipotence, , , , ,
omnipresence, , , , , , , , ,
See also holenmerically in; hyperdimension; incarnation, ubiquity of Christ’s body
omniscience. See God, knowledge, omniscience
omnitemporality,
See also eternity, divine
one-way ability/control, ,
See also dual ability/control
one-way velocity of light, ,
ontological argument, , , ,
ontological blob of goo, ,
ontologists, , , ,
ontology,
analytic,
general, ,
of science, ,
See also metaphysics; mode; part; properties; substance
operational definition, , , , , , , ,
operationalism (operationism), , , ,
ordered aggregate. See property-thing
organicism, ,
See also holism
organism, , , , , , , , , , , ,
original sin, , , ,
ostensive definition, , ,
other minds, problem of. See problem of other minds
ousia, ,
See also Trinity
paradigm case, ,
paradigm (in science),
paradox
of egoism (see ethical egoism, paradox of)
of hedonism, ,
McTaggart’s (see McTaggart’s paradox)
Newcomb’s (see Newcomb’s paradox)
sorites (see sorites paradox)
Tristram Shandy (see Tristram Shandy paradox)
Zeno’s (see Zeno’s paradoxes of motion)
part, , , , , , , ,
heterogeneous, ,
homogeneous, ,
inseparable, ,
separable, , , , , ,
-whole relation, , , , ,
See also mereological aggregate
particle physics, ,
particular
abstract, ,
concrete, ,
thick (see thick particular)
thin (see thin particular)
particularism
Christian, , , ,
epistemological, , , , , ,
part-whole relation. See part, -whole relation
Pascal’s wager, ,
many gods objection to,
penal substitution, , , , ,
counterfactual characterization of,
See also atonement; punishment
perdurance, ,
See also B-theory of time
perfect being theology, , , , , , , ,
perishing, ,
See also coming-to-be
person,
person as agent, , ,
person-stages, ,
personal identity, , , , ,
absolute view of, , ,
empiricist views of, , , ,
body view, , , ,
memory view, , , ,
immanent causal view,
See also indexicals, “I”
perspective
first-person, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
acquaintance, ,
third-person, , , , ,
petitio principii. See informal fallacy, begging the question
phenomenal consciousness. See consciousness, phenomenal
phenomenal world, ,
phenomenalism, , , , ,
phenomenological argument, ,
philosophy, , 16-18, 20-21, 26-27
analytic, ,
Christian, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
philosophy of language, , ,
philosophy of law, ,
philosophy of nature, ,
philosophy of religion, , , , , , ,
philosophy of science, , , , , , , , , , , , ,
external (EPS), , ,
internal (IPS), ,
philosophy of time and space, , ,
See also space
physical entity, , ,
physicalism, ,
brain view, , , ,
nonreductive, , , , , ,
reductive, , ,
strict, ,
See also causal closure of the physical; unity of science
Platonism, , , , ,
modified,
Platonic forms,
responses to challenge of. See responses to Platonism
pluralism
metaphysical, , ,
religious, , ,
plurality objection, ,
point-of-view subjectivity, ,
polemics, ,
positivism. See logical positivism
possibility,
broad logical, 44-45, , ,
conceptual, ,
epistemic, , , , , ,
metaphysical, , , , , , , ,
possible falsehood,
possible truth, , , , , ,
strict logical, , , ,
universal possibilism, ,
possible worlds, , , ,
semantics, 44-45, , , ,
See also actual world; feasibility
postmodernism, , , , , ,
potentiality. See capacities
power
first-order, ,
second-order, ,
practical argument, ,
pragmatic argument, ,
pragmatically circular,
pragmatism
effects on Christianity,
epistemic, ,
nonepistemic, ,
in philosophy of science, , , (see also instrumentalism)
predestination, , ,
predication, , , , ,
accidental, , (see also accidents (in metaphysics); properties, accidental)
essential, ,
the one and the many, ,
reduplicative, ,
univocal, , , ,
See also properties
premise, , ,
true, , ,
neither true nor false,
pre-motion, doctrine of, ,
prescription, ,
prescriptivism. See imperativalism
presentism, , ,
See also A-theory of time
presentness of experience, , ,
principle of analogy, ,
principle of autonomy. See autonomy, principle of
principle of beneficence, ,
principle of bivalence, ,
principle of honesty, ,
principle of indifference. See fine-tuning, and principle of indifference
principle of life preservation, ,
principle of nonmaleficence, ,
principle of sufficient reason, , ,
principle of tolerance, ,
classical, , ,
modern,
private access, ,
probability
background information, , , , , ,
calculus, ,
conditional, ,
problem of evil
emotional, , ,
external, , ,
intellectual, , , , ,
internal, , , , , ,
logical version of the, , , ,
probabilistic version of the, , , , ,
soteriological, ,
See also free will defense
problem of induction. See induction, problem of
problem of interaction, , ,
See also God, divine interaction with the world; mind-body problem
problem of many minds, ,
problem of other minds, ,
problem of temporary intrinsics,
problem of the criterion, , ,
process philosophy, , , ,
progressive creationism. See creationism, progressive
proper function, , ,
properties, , ,
accidental, , , , , , (see also accidents [in metaphysics])
adherence, ,
aesthetic,
derived, ,
emergent supervenient, , , , , , , , ,
essential, , , ,
exact resemblance, ,
impure, , ,
inherence, ,
mental, ,
modal, , ,
monadic,
negative, ,
non-derived, ,
nonphysical,
normative, , , ,
physical, ,
property instance, , ,
self-presenting, , , , , , , ,
structural, ,
supervenient, ,
universal, , , , ,
See also predication
property dualism. See dualism, property
property-event dualism. See dualism, property
property-thing (ordered aggregate or structured stuff), , ,
propitiation, ,
See also atonement
proposition, , , , , ,
future contingent, , , , , , , (see also event, future contingent)
Protestant Reformation, , ,
providence, , , , , , , , , ,
providentia extraordinaria (extraordinary), ,
providentia ordinaria (ordinary), ,
special, , ,
see also God, knowledge, middle knowledge; sovereignty
pseudo-science, , ,
psychological individuation principle, ,
psychology of discovery, , , ,
publicity objection, , , ,
punishment, ,
definition of, ,
expressivist theory of, , ,
justification of, , ,
of act of, ,
of practice of, ,
nonexpressivist theory of,
See also substitution; penal substitution
qualia, ,
absent, ,
inverted, ,
quality
agreement, ,
primary,
secondary, , ,
quantification, ,
existential, 42-43, ,
particular,
universal, ,
quantum entanglement, ,
quantum physics, , , , , , ,
interpretations of,
See also universe, quantum gravity model
question-begging argument. See informal fallacy, begging the question
questions
first-order,
second-order, , ,
rational life plan, ,
rational nonrealism. See instrumentalism
rationalism, ,
rationality, , ,
of acceptance, ,
Aristotelian, ,
descriptive, ,
prescriptive, ,
of pursuit, ,
See also objectivity
rationality condition, ,
readiness potential, ,
real presence, ,
real relation. See relation, real
realism, ,
about mathematical objects (see responses to Platonism, realism)
alethic or truth, ,
entity, , ,
impure, , , , , ,
metaphysical,
scientific, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
space-time,
realizer, ,
reason, deliverances of, ,
reconciliation, , ,
redemption, ,
reductio ad absurdum, 39-40,
reduction,
linguistic, ,
reduced sentence, ,
reducing sentence, ,
strong ontological, ,
weak ontological, ,
reductionism, , , , ,
moral, ,
referential use of language, , ,
refinement, , , ,
regress argument, ,
regularity theory, ,
relation, , ,
external, , ,
internal, , , ,
real, , , , , , , ,
relative space, ,
See also absolute space; space
relative time. See time, relative
relativism, ,
combinatorial, , , ,
conceptual (see relativism, metaethical or conceptual)
cultural or descriptive, , , , , , , ,
cultural normative relativism (see relativism, normative or ethical)
individual normative relativism (see subjectivism)
metaethical or conceptual, , , , , , , , , ,
normative or ethical, , ,
relativity of length, , , ,
See also length contraction
relativity of simultaneity, , ,
See also clock retardation
religio-historical context, ,
religious diversity, ,
religious language, ,
replacement, , , , ,
representation (in atonement), ,
See also atonement
responses to Platonism,
absolute creationism, , ,
antirealism, , ,
arealism, ,
conceptualism, , , , ,
constructibilism, ,
conventionalism, , ,
fictionalism, , ,
figuralism, ,
free logic, , ,
modal structuralism, ,
neo-Meinongianism, , ,
neutralism, , ,
pretense theory, , ,
realism, ,
restrictivism, ,
resurrection of Jesus, , , , ,
See also immortality; miracles; natural theology
retributive theories of justice. See justice, retributive theories of
revelation
general, , , , , , , , , ,
special, , ,
right to be sure, ,
rules
practice conception of, ,
summary conception of, ,
Sabellianism. See unitarian view of God
sacrifice, , , ,
See also atonement
salvation, , , , , , , , , , ,
satisfaction, , ,
See also atonement
save the phenomena, , , , ,
scientific confirmation, ,
crucial-experiment model of theory assessment,
“scientific image,” , ,
See also “manifest image”
scientific methodology, , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
eclectic model of,
hypothetico-deductive method, ,
inductivism, ,
See also line of demarcation
scientific questions
“how,”
“what,”
“why,”
scientific realism. See realism, scientific
scientific revolution,
See also commensurability; incommensurability; paradigm (in science)
scientific theories,
crucial-experiment model of assessment,
empirically equivalent, , ,
laws versus,
underdetermination by data, ,
See also law, scientific
scientism, , , ,
strong, , ,
weak, , ,
Scripture. See Bible
second law of thermodynamics, ,
seeing as, , ,
seeing that, , ,
self. See indexicals, “I”
self-evident, , ,
self-predication assumption, ,
sensation, , , , , , , ,
sensory experience, , , , , ,
sensus divinitatis, , ,
sentence, , , , , , ,
separable part. See part, separable
set theory, , ,
sets, , , ,
“should”
aesthetic,
moral, , ,
rational, , ,
sign,
See also symbol
simple seeing, ,
simplicity, , , ,
divine, , , , ,
epistemic,
See also Ockham’s razor
simultaneity, ,
See also relativity of simultaneity
simultaneous concurrence, , , ,
singular terms,
singularity, , , ,
skeptical thesis,
skepticism, ,
academic, , ,
epistemological, ,
ethical, , ,
epistemological version, ,
ontological version, ,
first-order, ,
global, , ,
heuristic or methodological, ,
iterative, ,
justificational, ,
knowledge, , ,
local, ,
metaepistemological, ,
mitigated, ,
modal, ,
Pyrrhonian, , ,
rebutting the skeptic, ,
refuting the skeptic, ,
second-order, ,
unmitigated, ,
as vice or virtue,
slippery slope arguments
causal, ,
logical, ,
precedent, ,
sorites, ,
Snell’s Law,
sociobiological pressures. See morality, and sociobiological pressures
Socratic questions, ,
software view, ,
solipsism, ,
Son. See Jesus
sorites paradox, , ,
soul, , , , , , , ,
animal, , , ,
rational, , , , , , , , ,
See also mind; spirit
sovereignty, , , , ,
See also providence
space,
relational view of, ,
substantival view of, ,
See also absolute space; philosophy of time and space; relative space
spacelessness, ,
space-time, , , , , , , , , ,
space-time worm, ,
special theory of relativity, , , ,
specified complexity, , ,
See also design inference
speed of light, ,
constancy of the, ,
spirit,
See also mind; soul
spiritual discipline, , ,
split-brain phenomena, , , ,
See also subminds
standard deontic view. See correspondence thesis
state of affairs, , , , , , , , , , ,
state of exaltation, ,
state of humiliation, , , ,
statement, ,
existentially quantified, , 57-58
universally quantified, 40-41, 57-58,
state-state causation. See causation, event-event
states of the soul, ,
static creation. See sustenance
static theory of time. See B-theory of time
strong artificial intelligence, ,
structure-instance, ,
structured stuff. See property-thing
subjectivism, , , , , ,
private, ,
subliminal self, ,
subminds, ,
See also split-brain phenomena
subordinationism,
substitution,
See also penal substitution
subsumptive phenomenal unity, ,
substance, , , ,
bundle theory,
complete in species, ,
See also metaphysics; ontology
substance dualism. See dualism, substance
subvenient level, , ,
sufficient condition, , ,
Sufficient Reason. See first cause, God as
sufficient reason, principle of. See principle of sufficient reason
supererogatory act, ,
super-string theory, ,
supervenience, ,
causal, ,
conceptual, ,
constitutive, ,
emergent, ,
strong property, ,
See also mental supervenience thesis; properties, emergent supervenient; properties, structural supervenient
supervenient level, ,
Sustainer, , , , ,
sustenance, ,
switch model, ,
symbol,
See also sign
synapse, ,
synchronicity, ,
systematic theology, , , , , ,
teleological argument, , , ,
teleology, , , , ,
temporal becoming, , , , , , , , ,
See also coming-to-be; presentism; philosophy of time and space; time
temporal parts, ,
tendency. See capacities
tense, , , , , ,
See also belief, tensed; fact, tensed; temporal becoming
tensed theory of time. See A-theory of time
tenseless theory of time. See B-theory of time
theism
arguments for (see natural theology)
classical, , ,
coherence of, , ,
cumulative case for, , ,
process, ,
theistic evolution, ,
See also creationism; evolution; intelligent design (ID) theory
theistic science, , , , , , ,
theodicy,
theological rationalism, ,
theology, systematic. See systematic theology
theoretical entities, , , , , , , , , , , , ,
theoretical terms, , , , , , , , ,
theories of justice. See justice
theory of everything (TOE), ,
theotokos, ,
thick particular, ,
thin particular, ,
thinking animal problem, ,
thinking subject maximalism, ,
third man argument, ,
this-such, ,
thought, , , , , , ,
thought experiments, , , ,
examples of, , , , , , , , ,
“tidy” explanation. See explanation, “tidy”
time, ,
absolute, , , ,
arrow of, , , (see also asymmetricality, of time)
A-theory of (see A-theory of time)
B-theory of (see B-theory of time)
direction of, ,
dynamic theory of (see A-theory of time)
flow of,
metrically amorphous, , ,
relative, , ,
static theory of (see B-theory of time)
tensed theory of (see A-theory of time)
tenseless theory of (see B-theory of time)
See also God, temporality of; God, timelessness of; philosophy of time and space; temporal becoming; timelessness
timelessness, , , ,
See also abstract objects; atemporality; B-theory of time; God, timelessness of
time’s flow, , ,
token, ,
act (see act, token)
token identity theory (see identity theory, token-token)
mental (see mental, token)
token reflexive, ,
tolerance, principle of. See principle of tolerance
too many thinkers problem, ,
totalizing state, ,
transcendentals, ,
transfer of justification arguments, , , , , ,
Trinity, , , , ,
analogies of the, , ,
anti social trinitarianism, , , ,
as divine monarchy, ,
individuals within,
Latin trinitarianism, ,
mutual indwelling (perichoresis),
social trinitarianism, ,
functional monotheism, , ,
group mind monotheism, ,
Trinity monotheism, ,
See also God; incarnation; Logos; unitarian view of God
trinitarian controversy, , ,
See also Christology; Trinity
tripersonal, , ,
Tristram Shandy paradox, , ,
tritheism, , , ,
truth
absolute, ,
Christian theory of,
coherence theories of (see coherentism, theories of truth)
conditions, , , ,
contingent, ,
correspondence relation, , , ,
correspondence theory of, , , , , , , , ,
criteria for, ,
deflationary theories of, ,
objective, , , ,
pragmatic theory of, , ,
redundancy theory of, ,
truth-bearer, ,
truth-dependent argument, ,
truth-independent argument, ,
truth-maker, , ,
theory, , , ,
maximalism, , ,
truths of reason, , , ,
type, ,
unalterability of the past. See causal closedness of the past
uncaused event. See event, uncaused
Uncaused Cause. See first cause, God as
underdetermination of theories by data. See scientific theories, underdetermination by data
uniform motion, , , ,
uniformity of nature, ,
uniqueness thesis, ,
unitarian view of God, , , ,
See also Trinity
unity
at a given time, , , ,
through time, , , ,
See also personal identity
unity of consciousness. See consciousness, unity of
unity of science, ,
See also causal closure of the physical; physicalism
universal inductive generalizations, ,
universalism, , ,
universalizability, , , , , ,
universals, , , ,
universe, , ,
beginning of, , , , , ,
expansion of the, ,
Friedman-Lemaître model (see big bang)
Hartle-Hawking model,
heat death of the, , ,
inflationary models, , , ,
oscillating model, , , ,
and principle of indifference (see fine-tuning, and principle of indifference)
quantum gravity model, ,
as requiring thermodynamic beginning,
standard model (see big bang)
steady state model, ,
vacuum fluctuation model,
university, 3-6, , , 16-20, 21-26,
univocal predication. See predication, univocal
unknown natural causes, ,
unmoved mover. See first cause
Unmoved Mover. See first cause, God as
qualitative, ,
quantitative, , (see also paradox, of hedonism)
moral (or rightness) (see morality, moral value)
nonmoral or goodness (see morality, nonmoral value)
objective moral, , , , , , , , (see also duty; ethics; metaethics; morality)
See also atonement; guilt, transfer vs. replication imputation; punishment
vicious infinite regress, , , , , , , ,
intellectual, , (see also vice, intellectual)
moral (see morality, moral virtue)
reliabilism (see virtue epistemology, faculty-based)
responsibilist (see virtue epistemology, character-based)
classic, ,
integration with deontological ethics,
wanton. See ethical egoism, vs. wanton
warrant, 63-64, , , , , , , , ,