Suggestions for Further Reading
Suggestions for Further Reading
Students will find useful further reading among the following resources for each chapter.
Chapter 1: What Is Philosophy?
Some of the most important resource tools in philosophy are the following:
Audi, Robert, ed. The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Blackburn, Simon. The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Burkhardt, Hans, and Barry Smith, eds. Handbook of Metaphysics and Ontology. 2 vols. Munich: Philosophia Verlag, 1991.
Copleston, F. C. A History of Philosophy. 9 vols. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1962.
Craig, Edward, ed. Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 10 vols. London: Routledge, 1998. (The Concise Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy is a 1999 abridged volume based on the ten-volume set.)
Edwards, Paul, ed. The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 8 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1967.
Kenny, Anthony. A Brief History of Western Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.
———, ed. The Oxford History of Western Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Mautner, Thomas, ed. A Dictionary of Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.
Solomon, Robert C., and Kathleen M. Higgins. A Passion for Wisdom: A Very Brief History of Philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
———. A Short History of Philosophy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Sparkes, A. W. Talking Philosophy: A Wordbook. London: Routledge, 1991.
Stumpf, Samuel Enoch. Socrates to Sartre: A History of Philosophy. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.
Willard, Dallas. Knowing Christ Today. San Francisco: HarperOne, 2014.
There is also an important series of volumes called the Blackwell Companions to Philosophy (Oxford: Blackwell). Also, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is available online, https://plato.stanford.edu/.
Three important Christian professional societies are as follows: (1) Evangelical Philosophical Society, c/o Dr. Craig Hazen, executive committee member and editor of the EPS journal Philosophia Christi, c/o Biola University, 13800 Biola Ave., La Mirada, CA 90639; email: [email protected]. (2) Society of Christian Philosophers, c/o Kelly James Clark, secretary, Department of Philosophy, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI 49546-4388 (journal: Faith and Philosophy). (3) American Catholic Philosophical Association, room 403, administration building, the Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064 (journal: American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly).
Chapter 2: Argumentation and Logic
Copi, Irving M., and Carl Cohen. Introduction to Logic. 11th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002.
Copi, Irving M., Carl Cohen, and Kenneth McMahon. Introduction to Logic. 14th ed. New York: Pearson, 2010.
Gorowitz, Samuel, et al. Philosophical Analysis. 3rd ed. New York: Random House, 1979.
Hacking, Ian. An Introduction to Probability and Inductive Logic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Hughes, G. E., and M. J. Cresswell. A New Introduction to Modal Logic. London: Routledge, 1996.
Kneale, William, and Martha Kneale. The Development of Logic. Oxford: Clarendon, 1985.
Lewis, David K. Counterfactuals. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2001.
Lipton, Peter. Inference to the Best Explanation. London: Routledge, 1991.
McGrew, Timothy, and John Depoe. “Natural Theology and the Uses of Argument.” Philosophia Christi 15, (2013): 299-309.
Purtill, Richard L. Logic for Philosophers. New York: Harper & Row, 1971.
Salmon, Wesley C. Logic. 3rd ed. Foundations of Philosophy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1984.
Chapter 3: Knowledge and Rationality
Audi, Robert. Epistemology: A Contemporary Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2010.
BonJour, Laurence. In Defense of Pure Reason. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
DePaul, Michael R., and William Ramsey, eds. Rethinking Intuition: The Psychology of Intuition and Its Role in Philosophical Inquiry. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998.
Gettier, Edmund L. “Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?” Analysis 23 (1963): 121-23.
Moser, Paul K., Dwayne H. Mulder, and J. D. Trout. The Theory of Knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Plantinga, Alvin. Warrant and Proper Function. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
———. Warrant: The Current Debate. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Pojman, Louis P., ed. The Theory of Knowledge. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993.
Steup, Matthias, and Ernest Sosa, eds. Contemporary Debates in Epistemology. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005.
Chapter 4: The Problem of Skepticism
Christensen, David, and Jennifer Lackey, eds. The Epistemology of Disagreement: New Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
DeRose, Keith, and Ted A. Warfield. Skepticism: A Contemporary Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Feldman, Richard, and Ted A. Warfield, eds. Disagreement. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Fumerton, Richard. Metaepistemology and Skepticism. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1995.
Greco, John. Putting Skeptics in Their Place. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Johnson, Oliver A. Skepticism and Cognitivism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.
Klein, Peter D. Certainty: A Refutation of Skepticism. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1981.
Stroud, Barry. The Significance of Philosophical Skepticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.
Unger, Peter. Ignorance: A Case for Skepticism. Oxford: Clarendon, 1975.
Chapter 5: The Structure of Justification
Audi, Robert. Epistemology: A Contemporary Introduction to the Theory of Knowledge. 3rd ed. London: Routledge, 2010.
Baehr, Jason. The Inquiring Mind: On Intellectual Virtues and Virtue Epistemology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Baergen, Ralph. Contemporary Epistemology. Forth Worth, TX: Harcourt, Brace, 1995.
BonJour, Laurence. The Structure of Empirical Knowledge. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985.
Chisholm, Roderick M. The Theory of Knowledge. 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1989.
Dancy, Jonathan. An Introduction to Contemporary Epistemology. Oxford: Blackwell, 1985.
Chapter 6: Theories of Truth and Postmodernism
Cahoone, Lawrence, ed. From Modernism to Postmodernism: An Anthology. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.
Eagleton, Terry. The Illusions of Postmodernism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.
Groothuis, Douglas. Truth Decay. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000.
Harris, James. Against Relativism. Chicago: Open Court, 1992.
Harré, Rom, and Michael Krausz. Varieties of Relativism. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1996.
Kirkham, Richard L. Theories of Truth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997.
Nagel, Thomas. The Last Word. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Natoli, Joseph. A Primer to Postmodernism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.
Norris, Christopher. The Truth About Postmodernism. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.
Roberts, Robert C., and W. Jay Wood. Intellectual Virtues: An Essay in Regulative Epistemology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Willard, Dallas. “How Concepts Relate the Mind to Its Objects: The ‘God’s Eye View’ Vindicated?” Philosophia Christi, 2nd ser., 1, no. 2 (1999): 5-20.
Zagzebski, Linda. Virtues of the Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Chapter 7: Religious Epistemology
Alston, William P. Perceiving God. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
Evans, C. Stephen, and Merold Westphal, eds. Christian Perspectives on Religious Knowledge. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1993.
Geivett, R. Douglas, and Brendan Sweetman, eds. Contemporary Perspectives on Religious Epistemology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Hasker, William. “The Foundations of Theism: Scoring the Quinn-Plantinga Debate.” Faith and Philosophy 15 (1998): 52-67.
Howard-Snyder, Daniel, and Paul Moser, eds. Divine Hiddenness: New Essays. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Jordan, Jeff, ed. Gambling on God. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1994.
Kvanvig, Jonathan L., ed. Warrant in Contemporary Epistemology. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1996.
Plantinga, Alvin. “The Foundations of Theism: A Reply.” Faith and Philosophy 3 (1986): 298-313.
———. “Is Belief in God Properly Basic?” Noûs 15 (1981): 41-51.
———. Warrant and Proper Function. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
———. Warrant: The Current Debate. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
———. Warranted Christian Belief. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Plantinga, Alvin, and Nicholas Wolterstorff. Faith and Rationality. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1983.
Pojman, Louis, ed. Philosophy of Religion. Part 7. 3rd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1998.
Quinn, Philip L. “The Foundations of Theism Again: A Rejoinder to Plantinga.” In Rational Faith, edited by Linda Zagzebski, 14-47. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1993.
Swinburne, Richard. Faith and Reason. Oxford: Clarendon, 1981.
Chapter 8: What Is Metaphysics?
Chisholm, Roderick M. On Metaphysics. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1989.
Grossmann, Reinhardt. The Existence of the World. London: Routledge, 1992.
Koons, Robert C., and Timothy H. Pickavance. Metaphysics: The Fundamentals. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015.
Kripke, Saul A. Naming and Necessity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.
Loux, Michael J., and Thomas M. Crisp. Metaphysics: A Contemporary Introduction. 4th ed. New York: Routledge, 2017.
Lowe, E. J. A Survey of Metaphysics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Plantinga, Alvin. The Nature of Necessity. Clarendon Library of Logic and Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon, 1974.
Van Inwagen, Peter. Metaphysics. 4th ed. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2014.
Chapter 9: General Ontology: Existence, Identity, and Reductionism
Brody, Baruch A. Identity and Essence. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980.
Butchvarov, Panayot. Being qua Being. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1979.
Chisholm, Roderick M. A Realistic Theory of Categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Conee, Earl, and Theodore Sider. The Riddle of Existence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Craig, William Lane, and J. P. Moreland, eds. Naturalism: A Critical Analysis. London: Routledge, 2000.
Grossmann, Reinhardt. The Categorial Structure of the World. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983.
Lowe, E. J. The Four-Category Ontology. Oxford: Clarendon, 2006.
———. The Possibility of Metaphysics. Oxford: Clarendon, 1998.
Morris, Thomas V. Understanding Identity Statements. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1984.
Suárez, Francis. On the Various Kinds of Distinctions. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1947.
Vallicella, William F. A Paradigm Theory of Existence. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2002.
Chapter 10: General Ontology: Two Categories—Property and Substance
Armstrong, D. M. Universals and Scientific Realism. Vol. 1, Nominalism and Realism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
———. Universals and Scientific Realism. Vol. 2, A Theory of Universals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
Campbell, Keith. Abstract Particulars. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990.
Connell, Richard. Substance and Modern Science. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1988.
Edwards, Douglas. Properties. Malden, MA: Polity, 2014.
Gilson, Étienne. From Aristotle to Darwin and Back Again. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1984.
Hoffman, Joshua, and Gary S. Rosenkrantz. Substance: Its Existence and Nature. London: Routledge, 1997.
Loux, Michael. Substance and Attribute. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1978.
Moreland, J. P. Universals. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2001.
Pasnau, Robert. Metaphysical Themes: 1274–1671. Oxford: Clarendon, 2011.
Rea, Michael, ed. Material Constitution: A Reader. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1997.
Wiggins, David. Sameness and Substance Renewed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
Chapters 11 and 12: The Mind-Body Problem Parts IA and IB
Brown, Warren S., Nancey Murphy, and H. Newton Malony. Whatever Happened to the Soul? Minneapolis: Fortress, 1998.
Churchland, Paul. Matter and Consciousness. 3rd ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2013.
Cooper, John W. Body, Soul and Life Everlasting. Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2000.
Gocke, Benedikt, ed. After Physicalism. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 2002.
Kim, Jaegwon. Mind in a Physical World. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1998.
———. Philosophy of Mind. 3rd ed. Boulder, CO: Westview, 2011.
Koons, Robert, and George Bealer, eds. The Waning of Materialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Moreland, J. P., and Scott Rae. Body and Soul: Human Nature and the Crisis in Ethics. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000.
Swinburne, Richard. The Evolution of the Soul. Rev. ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1997.
Ravenscroft, Ian. Philosophy of Mind: A Beginner’s Guide. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Stoljar, Daniel. Physicalism. New York: Routledge, 2010.
Weisberg, Josh. Consciousness. Cambridge: Polity, 2014.
Chapter 13: The Mind-Body Problem Part IIA: Arguments Regarding and Versions of Substance Dualism
Bayne, Tim. The Unity of Consciousness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Crisp, Thomas, Steven L. Porter, and Gregg A. Ten Elshof, eds. Neuroscience and the Soul: The Human Person in Philosophy, Science, and Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2016.
Goetz, Stuart, and Charles Taliaferro. A Brief History of the Soul. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.
Green, Joel B., and Stuart L. Palmer, eds. In Search of the Soul: Four Views of the Mind-Body Problem. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2005.
Hasker, William. The Emergent Self. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.
Moreland, J. P. The Soul: How We Know It’s Real and Why It Matters. Chicago: Moody Press, 2014.
Swinburne, Richard. Mind, Brain, and Free Will. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
Webster, Gerry, and Brian Goodwin. Form and Transformation: Generative and Relational Principles in Biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
Chapter 14: The Mind-Body Problem Part IIB: The Main Physicalist Alternatives to Substance Dualism
Baker, Lynne Rudder. Persons and Bodies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Corcoran, Kevin. Rethinking Human Nature: A Christian Materialist Alternative to the Soul. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2006.
Hudson, Hud. A Materialist Metaphysics of the Human Person. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2001.
Moreland, J. P. The Recalcitrant Imago Dei. London: SCM Press, 2009.
Murphy, Nancey. Bodies and Souls or Spirited Bodies? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Olson, Eric. The Human Animal: Personal Identity Without Psychology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
———. What Are We? A Study in Personal Ontology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Chapter 15: Free Will and Determinism
Bishop, John. Natural Agency: An Essay on the Causal Theory of Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
Burke, John. Imagine Heaven: Near-Death Experiences, God’s Promises, and the Exhilarating Future That Awaits You. Grand Rapids: Baker, 2015.
Double, Richard. The Non-Reality of Free Will. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
Fischer, John Martin. The Metaphysics of Free Will. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994.
Kane, Robert. A Contemporary Introduction to Free Will. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
———. The Significance of Free Will. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Mele, Alfred R. Free: Why Science Hasn’t Disproved Free Will. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
O’Connor, Timothy. Persons and Causes. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
O’Connor, Timothy, ed. Agents, Causes and Events. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Rowe, William L. Thomas Reid on Freedom and Morality. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
Chapter 16: Personal Identity and Life After Death
Glasser, Georg, and Matthias Stefan, eds. Personal Identity: Complex or Simple? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Long, Jeffrey, and Paul Perry. Evidence of the Afterlife. New York: HarperCollins, 2010.
Madell, Geoffrey. The Essence of the Self. New York: Routledge, 2005.
———. The Identity of the Self. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 1981.
———. Mind and Materialism. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press, 1988.
Miller, J. Steve. Near-Death Experiences as Evidence for the Existence of God and Heaven. Acworth, GA: Wisdom Creek Press, 2012.
Nagel, Thomas. The View from Nowhere. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
Parfit, Derek. Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984.
Revis, Titus, Anny Dirven, and Rudolf H. Smit. The Self Does Not Die. Durham, NC: IANDS Publications, 2016.
Shoemaker, Sydney, and Richard Swinburne. Personal Identity. Oxford: Blackwell, 1984.
Chapter 17: Scientific Methodology
Gower, Barry. Scientific Methodology: An Historical and Philosophical Introduction. New York: Routledge, 1997.
Harré, Rom. The Philosophies of Science: An Introductory Survey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972.
Kosso, Peter. A Summary of Scientific Method. New York: Springer, 2011.
Montgomery, John Warwick. “The Theologian’s Craft.” In The Suicide of Christian Theology, 267-313. Minneapolis: Bethany House, 1970.
Moreland, J. P. Christianity and the Nature of Science. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1989.
Pearcey, Nancy, and Charles Thaxton. The Soul of Science. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 1994.
Chapter 18: The Realism-Antirealism Debate
Bird, Alexander. Nature’s Metaphysics: Laws and Properties. Oxford: Clarendon, 2007.
Ellis, Brian. The Metaphysics of Scientific Realism. Montreal: McGill-Queens University Press, 2009.
Kuhn, Thomas. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 2nd. ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1970.
Lakatos, Imre, and Alan Musgrave, eds. Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
Laudan, Larry. Progress and Its Problems: Towards a Theory of Scientific Growth. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.
———. Science and Values: An Essay on the Aims of Science and Their Role in Scientific Debate. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.
Leplin, Jarrett, ed. Scientific Realism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.
Mumford, Stephen. Dispositions. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003.
Newton-Smith, W. H. The Rationality of Science. Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981.
Rees, Phil. A Critique of the Arguments for Scientific Realism. Reading, UK: Cranmore, 2012.
Van Fraassen, Bas C. The Scientific Image. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980.
Chapter 19: Philosophy and the Integration of Science and Theology
Bube, Richard. Putting It All Together. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1995.
Dembski, William A. Intelligent Design. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1999.
Denton, Michael. Evolution: Still A Theory in Crisis. Seattle: Discovery Institute Press 2016.
DeWeese, Gary. Doing Philosophy as a Christian. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2011.
Klinghoffer, David, ed. Debating Darwin’s Doubt. Seattle: Discovery Institute Press, 2015.
Meyer, Stephen C. Darwin’s Doubt. San Francisco: HarperOne, 2013.
Moreland, J. P., ed. The Creation Hypothesis. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993.
Ratzsch, Del. The Battle of Beginnings. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996.
———. Nature, Design and Science. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001.
Ross, Hugh. The Creator and the Cosmos. Colorado Springs: NavPress, 2001.
Van Till, Howard J., et al. Portraits of Creation. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1990.
Wells, Jonathan. Icons of Evolution. Washington, DC: Regnery, 2000.
Chapter 20: Philosophy of Time and Space
Broad, C. D. An Examination of McTaggart’s Philosophy. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1938. Reprint, New York: Octagon, 1976.
Craig, William Lane. The Tensed Theory of Time: A Critical Examination. Synthese Library 293. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2000.
———. The Tenseless Theory of Time: A Critical Examination. Synthese Library 294. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2000.
Einstein, Albert. Relativity: The Special and General Theories. London: Methuen, 1954.
Gale, Richard. The Language of Time. International Library of Philosophy and Scientific Method. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968.
Holton, Gerald. Thematic Origins of Scientific Thought: Kepler to Einstein. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973.
McTaggart, J. M. E. The Nature of Existence. Edited by C. D. Broad. 2 vols. 1927. Reprint, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1968.
Mellor, D. H. Real Time. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
Miller, Arthur I. Albert Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1981.
Oaklander, L. Nathan, and Quentin Smith, eds. The New Theory of Time. Part 1. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994.
Prokhovnik, Simon J. Light in Einstein’s Universe. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, 1985.
Schlesinger, George. Aspects of Time. Indianapolis: Hackett, 1980.
Smith, Quentin. Language and Time. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Whitrow, G. J. The Natural Philosophy of Time. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1980 (esp. chap. 4).
Chapters 21–24: Issues in Ethics
Beauchamp, Tom L. Philosophical Ethics. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.
Beckwith, Francis J. Defending Life. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Geisler, Norman L. Christian Ethics: Options and Issues. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1989.
Johnson, Alan J. “Is There Biblical Warrant for Natural-Law Theories?” Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 25 (1982): 185-99.
Montgomery, John Warwick. Human Rights and Human Dignity. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1986.
Moreland, J. P., and Norman L. Geisler. The Life and Death Debate. Westport, CT: Praeger, 1990.
Pellegrino, Edmund D., and David C. Thomasma. For the Patient’s Good. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
———. A Philosophical Basis of Medical Practice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.
Pojman, Louis P. Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1995.
Rae, Scott. Moral Choices: An Introduction to Ethics. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2000.
Rae, Scott, and Paul Cox. Bioethics: A Christian Approach in a Pluralistic Age. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999.
Rae, Scott, and Kenman Wong. Beyond Integrity: A Judeo-Christian Approach to Business Ethics. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996.
Chapters 25 and 26: The Existence of God
Baggett, David, and Jerry Walls, Good God: The Theistic Foundations of Morality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Barrow, John D., and Frank J. Tipler. The Anthropic Cosmological Principle. Oxford: Clarendon, 1986.
Beck, W. David. “The Cosmological Argument: A Current Bibliographical Appraisal.” Philosophia Christi 2 (2000): 283-304.
Burrill, Donald R. The Cosmological Arguments. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1967.
Collins, Robin. “A Scientific Argument for the Existence of God: The Fine-Tuning Design Argument.” In Reason for the Hope Within, edited by Michael J. Murray, 47-75. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999.
———. The Well-Tempered Universe: God, Fine-Tuning and the Laws of Nature. 2 vols. Forthcoming.
Craig, William Lane. The Cosmological Argument from Plato to Leibniz. Reprint, Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2001.
———. The Kalam Cosmological Argument. 1979. Reprint, Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2000.
———. “Naturalism and Cosmology.” In Naturalism: A Critical Analysis, edited by William Lane Craig and J. P. Moreland, 215-52. London: Routledge, 2000.
Craig, William Lane, and J. P. Moreland, eds. The Blackwell Companion to Natural Theology. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.
Craig, William Lane, and Quentin Smith. Theism, Atheism, and Big Bang Cosmology. Oxford: Clarendon, 1993.
Craig, William Lane, and Sean Carroll. God and Cosmology. Edited by Robert Stewart. Minneapolis: Fortress, 2016.
Davis, Stephen T. God, Reason, and Theistic Proofs. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.
Dembski, William A. The Design Inference: Eliminating Chance Through Small Probabilities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
———. The Design Revolution: Answering the Toughest Questions About Intelligent Design. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Books, 2004.
Denton, Michael. Evolution: A Theory in Crisis. Bethesda, MD: Adler & Adler, 1986.
———. Nature’s Destiny: How the Laws of Biology Reveal Purpose in the Universe. New York: Free Press, 1998.
Dougherty, Trent, and Jerry Walls, eds. Two Dozen (or So) Arguments for God’s Existence. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
Gale, Richard M. On the Existence and Nature of God. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991.
Ganssle, Gregory E. “Necessary Moral Truths and the Need for Explanation.” Philosophia Christi 2 (2000): 105-12.
Hackett, Stuart C. The Resurrection of Theism. 2nd ed. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1982.
Hume, David. Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. Edited with an introduction by Norman Kemp Smith. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1947.
Harrison, Jonathan. God, Freedom and Immortality. Avebury Series in Philosophy. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 1999.
Hick, John. Arguments for the Existence of God. London: Macmillan, 1971.
Hick, John H., and Arthur C. McGill. The Many-Faced Argument. New York: Macmillan, 1967.
Leslie, John, ed. Modern Cosmology and Philosophy. 2nd ed. Amherst, NY: Prometheus, 1998.
———. Universes. London: Routledge, 1989.
Mackie, John L. The Miracle of Theism. Oxford: Clarendon, 1982.
Martin, Michael. Atheism: A Philosophical Justification. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990.
———, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Meyer, Stephen C. Signature in the Cell: DNA and the Evidence for Intelligent Design. New York: HarperCollins, 2009.
O’Connor, Timothy. Theism and Ultimate Explanation: The Necessary Shape of Contingency. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.
Oppy, Graham. Arguing About Gods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
———. Ontological Arguments and Belief in God. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Plantinga, Alvin. The Nature of Necessity. Clarendon Library of Logic and Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon, 1974.
———, ed. The Ontological Argument. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1965.
Pruss, Alexander R. The Principle of Sufficient Reason: A Reassessment. Cambridge Studies in Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Ratzsch, Del. Nature, Design and Science. Albany: State University of New York, 2001.
Sobel, Jordan Howard. Logic and Theism: Arguments for and Against Beliefs in God. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Rowe, William L. “Circular Explanations, Cosmological Arguments and Sufficient Reasons.” Midwest Studies in Philosophy 21 (1997): 188-99.
Sorley, William R. Moral Values and the Idea of God. New York: Macmillan, 1930.
Swinburne, Richard. The Existence of God. Rev. ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1991.
Taylor, A. E. The Faith of a Moralist. London: Macmillan, 1930.
Vallicella, William. “On an Insufficient Argument Against Sufficient Reason.” Ratio 10 (1997): 76-81.
Wielenberg, Erik J. Robust Ethics: The Metaphysics and Epistemology of Godless Normative Realism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Chapters 27 and 28: The Coherence of Theism
Adams, Robert. “Divine Necessity.” Journal of Philosophy 80 (1983): 741-52.
———. Finite and Infinite Goods. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
———. “Has It Been Proved That All Real Existence Is Contingent?” American Philosophical Quarterly 8 (1971): 284-91.
Beilby, James, and Paul Eddy, eds. Divine Foreknowledge: Four Views. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2001.
Blount, Douglas Keith. “An Essay on Divine Presence.” PhD diss., University of Notre Dame, 1997.
Craig, William Lane. Divine Foreknowledge and Human Freedom: The Coherence of Theism I; Omniscience. Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History 19. Leiden: Brill, 1990.
———. God and Abstract Objects: The Coherence of Theism III; Aseity. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 2017.
———. God, Time and Eternity: The Coherence of Theism II; Eternity. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 2001.
Creel, Richard. Divine Impassibility. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
Davis, Richard Brian. The Metaphysics of Theism and Modality. American University Studies 189. New York: Peter Lang, 2001.
Fisher, John Martin, ed. God, Foreknowledge and Freedom. Stanford Series in Philosophy. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989.
Flint, Thomas P., and Alfred J. Freddoso. “Maximal Power.” In The Existence and Nature of God, edited by Alfred J. Freddoso, 81-113. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1983.
Ganssle, Gregory E., and David M. Woodruff, eds. God and Time. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Gould, Paul, ed. Beyond the Control of God? Six Views on the Problem of God and Abstract Objects. London: Bloomsbury, 2014.
Hasker, William. The Emergent Self. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.
Hasker, William, David Basinger, and Eef Dekker, eds. Middle Knowledge: Theory and Applications. Contributions to Philosophical Theology 4. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2000.
Helm, Paul, ed. Divine Commands and Morality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981.
Hughes, Christopher. On a Complex Theory of a Simple God: An Investigation in Aquinas’ Philosophical Theology. Cornell Studies in Philosophy of Religion. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989.
Idziak, Janine M., ed. Divine Command Morality: Historical and Contemporary Readings. Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen, 1980.
Inman, Ross. “Omnipresence and the Location of the Immaterial.” In Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion 8 (2017): forthcoming.
Kenny, Anthony. The God of the Philosophers. Oxford: Clarendon, 1979.
Kvanvig, Jonathan L. The Possibility of an All-Knowing God. New York: St. Martin’s, 1986.
Leftow, Brian. “God and Abstract Entities.” Faith and Philosophy 7 (1990): 193-217.
———. God and Necessity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
———. Time and Eternity. Cornell Studies in the Philosophy of Religion. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1991.
Mann, William E. “Necessity.” In A Companion to Philosophy of Religion, edited by Philip L. Quinn and Charles Taliaferro. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.
Molina, Luis de. On Divine Foreknowledge. Part 4 of the Concordia. Translated with an introduction and notes by Alfred J. Freddoso. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988.
Moreland, J. P. Consciousness and the Existence of God. New York: Routledge 2008.
Morris, Thomas V., and Christopher Menzel. “Absolute Creation.” In Anselmian Explorations, 161-78. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1987.
Nielsen, Kai. Ethics Without God. London: Pemberton, 1973.
Padgett, Alan G. God, Eternity and the Nature of Time. New York: St. Martin’s, 1992.
Plantinga, Alvin. Does God Have a Nature? Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1980.
———. “How to Be an Anti-Realist.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Association 56 (1982): 47-70.
———. The Nature of Necessity. Clarendon Library of Logic and Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon, 1974.
Prior, A. N. “The Formalities of Omniscience.” In Papers on Time and Tense, 26-44. Oxford: Clarendon, 1968.
Quinn, Philip L. Divine Commands and Moral Requirements. Oxford: Clarendon, 1978.
Taliaferro, Charles. Consciousness and the Mind of God. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Wierenga, Edward. The Nature of God. Cornell Studies in the Philosophy of Religion. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989.
Wolterstorff, Nicholas. “Divine Simplicity.” In Philosophy of Religion, edited by James E. Tomberlin, 531-52. Philosophical Perspectives 5. Altascadero, CA: Ridgeview, 1991.
Yates, John C. The Timelessness of God. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1990.
Chapter 29: The Problem of Evil
Adams, Marilyn McCord. Horrendous Evils and the Goodness of God. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1999.
Bergman, Michael. “Might-Counterfactuals, Transworld Untrustworthiness and Plantinga’s Free Will Defense.” Faith and Philosophy 16 (1999): 336-51.
Draper, Paul. “Pain and Pleasure: An Evidential Problem for Theists.” Noûs 23 (1979): 331-50.
Harrison, Jonathan. God, Freedom, and Immortality. Avebury Series in Philosophy. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 1999.
Hick, John. Evil and the God of Love. New York: Harper & Row, 1977.
Howard-Snyder, Daniel, ed. The Evidential Argument from Evil. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1996.
Martin, Michael. Atheism. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990.
Plantinga, Alvin. God, Freedom and Evil. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.
———. The Nature of Necessity. Clarendon Library of Logic and Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon, 1974.
Plantinga, Alvin, and Michel Tooley. Knowledge of God. Great Debates in Philosophy. Oxford: Blackwell, 2008.
Rowe, William. “The Problem of Evil and Some Varieties of Atheism.” American Philosophical Quarterly 16 (1979): 335-41.
Swinburne, Richard. The Existence of God. Oxford: Clarendon, 1978.
Van Inwagen, Peter. God, Knowledge and Mystery. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995.
Chapter 30: Creation, Providence, and Miracle
Bilinskyji, Stephen S. “God, Nature and the Concept of Miracle.” PhD diss., University of Notre Dame, 1982.
Craig, William Lane. “Creation and Conservation Once More.” Religious Studies 34 (1998): 177-88.
Craig, William Lane, and Quentin Smith. Theism, Atheism, and Big Bang Cosmology. Oxford: Clarendon, 1993.
Earman, John. Hume’s Abject Failure. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Flew, Antony. “Miracles.” In Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Paul Edwards. New York: Macmillan, 1967.
Flint, Thomas. Divine Providence. Cornell Studies in the Philosophy of Religion. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998.
Freddoso, Alfred J. “The Necessity of Nature.” Midwest Studies in Philosophy 11 (1986): 215-42.
Geivett, R. Douglas, and Gary R. Habermas. In Defense of Miracles. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1997.
Hebblethwaite, Brian, and Edward Henderson, eds. Divine Action. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1990.
Helm, Paul. The Providence of God. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1994.
Hume, David. “Of Miracles.” In Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding and Concerning the Principles of Morals, sect. 10, pp. 109-31. Edited by L. A. Selby-Bigge. 3rd ed. edited by P. H. Nidditch. Oxford: Clarendon, 1975.
Molina, Luis de. On Divine Foreknowledge. Part 4 of the Concordia. Translated with an introduction and notes by Alfred J. Freddoso. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988.
Morris, Thomas V., ed. Divine and Human Action. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988. See especially articles by Quinn, Kvanvig and McCann, Flint, and Freddoso.
Plantinga, Alvin. Where the Conflict Really Lies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. See especially chaps. 3 and 4.
Quinn, Philip L. “Creation, Conservation and the Big Bang.” In Philosophical Problems of the Internal and External Worlds, edited by John Earman et al., 589-612. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1993.
Sorabji, Richard. Time, Creation and the Continuum. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1983.
Suárez, Francisco. On Creation, Conservation and Concurrence: Metaphysical Disputations 20, 21 and 22. Translated with notes and an introduction by Alfred J. Freddoso. South Bend, IN: St. Augustine’s Press, 2002.
Swinburne, Richard. The Concept of Miracle. New York: Macmillan, 1970.
———, ed. Miracles. Philosophical Topics. New York: Macmillan, 1989.
Thomas Aquinas. Summa contra gentiles. 4 vols. Vol. 2, Creation. Translated with an introduction and notes by James F. Anderson. Vol. 3.1-2, Providence. Translated with an introduction and notes by Vernon J. Bourke. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1975.
Tomberlin, James E., ed. Philosophical Perspectives. Vol. 5, Philosophy of Religion. Atascadero, CA: Ridgeview, 1991. See especially articles by Flint, Kvanvig and McCann, and Freddoso.
Zabell, S. L. “The Probabilistic Analysis of Testimony.” Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 20 (1988): 327-57.
Chapter 31: Christian Doctrines I: The Trinity
Bracken, Joseph A. What Are They Saying About the Trinity? New York: Paulist, 1979.
Craig, William Lane. “Trinity Monotheism Once More: A Response to Daniel Howard-Snyder.” Philosophia Christi 8 (2006): 101-13.
Davis, Stephen T., Daniel Kendall, and Gerald O’Collins, eds. The Trinity: An Interdisciplinary Symposium on the Trinity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Feenstra, Ronald J., and Cornelius Plantinga Jr., eds. Trinity, Incarnation and Atonement. Library of Religious Philosophy 1. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1989.
Howard-Snyder, Daniel. “Trinity Monotheism,” Philosophia Christi 5 (2003): 375-403.
Hughes, Christopher. On a Complex Theory of a Simple God. Cornell Studies in the Philosophy of Religion. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989.
Lampe, G. W. H. “Christian Theology in the Patristic Period.” In A History of Christian Doctrine, edited by Hubert Cunliffe-Jones, 23-180. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.
McCall, Thomas, and Michael C. Rea, eds. Philosophical and Theological Essays on the Trinity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Rusch, William G., ed. The Trinitarian Controversy. Sources of Early Christian Thought. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980.
Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine. Vol. 1, The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971.
Prestige, G. L. God in Patristic Thought. London: SPCK, 1952.
Senor, Thomas. “The Incarnation and the Trinity.” In Reason for the Hope Within, edited by Michael J. Murray, 238-60. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999.
Swinburne, Richard. The Christian God. Oxford: Clarendon, 1994.
Van Inwagen, Peter. “And Yet They Are Not Three Gods but One God.” In Philosophy and the Christian Faith, edited by Thomas V. Morris, 241-78. University of Notre Dame Studies in the Philosophy of Religion 5. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1988.
Chapter 32: Christian Doctrines II: The Incarnation
Baillie, D. M. God Was in Christ. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1948.
Bayne, Tim. “The Inclusion Model of the Incarnation: Problems and Prospects.” Religious Studies 37 (2001): 125-41.
Bruce, A. B. The Humiliation of Christ. New York: George H. Doran, n.d.
Feenstra, Ronald J., and Cornelius Plantinga Jr., eds. Trinity, Incarnation and Atonement. Library of Religious Philosophy 1. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1989.
Freddoso, Alfred J. “Human Nature, Potency and the Incarnation.” Faith and Philosophy 3 (1986): 27-53.
Grillmeier, Aloys. Christ in Christian Tradition. Vol. 1, From the Apostolic Age to Chalcedon (451). 2nd ed. Translated by John Bowden. Atlanta: John Knox Press, 1975.
Harris, Murray J. Jesus as God. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1992.
Morris, Thomas V. The Logic of God Incarnate. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1986.
Relton, H. Maurice. A Study in Christology. London: Macmillan, 1929.
Sanday, William. Christologies Ancient and Modern. Oxford: Clarendon, 1910.
Swinburne, Richard. The Christian God. Oxford: Clarendon, 1994.
Van Inwagen, Peter. “Not by Confusion of Substance, but by Unity of Person.” In God, Knowledge and Mystery, 260-79. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995.
Witherington, Ben, III. The Christology of Jesus. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1990.
Zamoyta, Vincent, ed. A Theology of Christ: Sources. Milwaukee: Bruce, 1967.
Chapter 33: Christian Doctrines III: Atonement
Anselm. Cur Deus homo. In St. Anselm: Basic Writings. 2nd ed. Translated by S. N. Deane. Introduction by Charles Hartshorne. Open Court Library of Philosophy. La Salle, IL: Open Court, 1968.
Faustus Socinus. De Jesu Christo Servatore. Part 3: Historical Introduction, Translation, and Critical Notes. Translated and edited by Alan Gomes. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1990.
Feinberg, Joel. Doing and Deserving: Essays in the Theory of Responsibility. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1970.
Grensted, L. W. A Short History of the Doctrine of the Atonement. Theological Series 4. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1920.
Grotius, Hugo. A Defence of the Catholic Faith Concerning the Satisfaction of Christ, Against Faustus Socinus. Translated and edited by Frank Hugh Foster. Andover, MA: Warren F. Draper, 1889.
Hill, Charles E., and Frank A. James III, eds. The Glory of the Atonement: Biblical, Historical, and Practical Perspectives. Downers Grove, IL: IVP Academic, 2004.
Jeffery, Steve, Michael Ovey, and Andrew Sach. Pierced for Our Transgressions: Rediscovering the Glory of Penal Substitution. Foreword by John Piper. Wheaton IL: Crossway, 2007.
Lewis, David. “Do We Believe in Penal Substitution?” Philosophical Papers 26 (1997): 203-9.
Marshall, I. Howard. Aspects of the Atonement: Cross and Resurrection in the Reconciling of God and Humanity. London: Paternoster, 2007.
Moore, Michael. Placing Blame: A Theory of Criminal Law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Morris, Leon. The Atonement: Its Meaning and Significance. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1983.
Peterson, David. Where Wrath and Mercy Meet: Proclaiming the Atonement Today. Oak Hill School of Theology Series. Carlisle, UK: Paternoster, 2001.
Porter, Steven J. “Swinburnian Atonement and the Doctrine of Penal Substitution.” Faith and Philosophy 21 (2004): 228-41.
Smeaton, George. The Doctrine of the Atonement, as Taught by the Apostles. Edinburgh: T&T Clark, 1870. Reprinted as The Apostles’ Doctrine of the Atonement. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1957.
Turretin, Francis. Institutes of Elenctic Theology. Translated by George Musgrave Giger. Edited by James T. Dennison. 3 vols. Phillipsburg, NJ: P&R, 1992.
Walen, Alec. “Retributive Justice.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Edward N. Zalta, summer 2014 edition. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2014/entries /justice-retributive.
Tidball, Derek, David Hilborn, and Justin Thacker, eds. The Atonement Debate: Papers from the London Symposium on the Theology of Atonement. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2008.
Zaibert, Leo. Punishment and Retribution. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate, 2006.
Chapter 34: Christian Doctrines IV: Christian Particularism
Craig, William Lane. “Talbott’s Universalism.” Religious Studies 27 (1991): 297-308.
———. “Should Peter Go to the Mission Field?” Faith and Philosophy 10 (1993): 261-65.
Faith and Philosophy 14 (1997): 277-320. See articles by Hick, Alston, Mavrodes, Plantinga, van Inwagen, and Clark.
Geivett, Douglas. “Some Misgivings About Evangelical Inclusivism.” In Who Will Be Saved? Defending the Biblical Understanding of God, Salvation, and Evangelism. Edited by Paul R. House and Gregory A. Thornbury. Wheaton, IL: Crossway, 2000.
Griffiths, Paul J. Problems of Religious Diversity. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001.
Hasker, William. “Middle Knowledge and the Damnation of the Heathen: A Response to William Craig.” Faith and Philosophy 8 (1991): 380-89.
Hick, John H. An Interpretation of Religion. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989.
Kvanvig, Jonathan L. The Problem of Hell. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
MacGregor, Kirk R. Luis de Molina: The Life and Theology of the Founder of Middle Knowledge. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2015.
Murray, Michael J. “Heaven and Hell.” In A Reason for the Hope Within, edited by Michael J. Murray, 287-317. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1999.
Okholm, Dennis L., and Timothy R. Phillips, eds. Four Views on Salvation in a Pluralistic World. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996.
Quinn, Philip L., and Kevin Meeker, eds. The Philosophical Challenge of Religious Diversity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Talbott, Thomas. “Providence, Freedom and Human Destiny.” Religious Studies 26 (1990): 227-45.
Van Inwagen, Peter. “Non Est Hick.” In God, Knowledge and Mystery, 191-216. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995.