Philippians
Book Outhne
Key theme: The joy of the Lord
Key verses: ; ;
I. The Single Mind ()
A. The fellowship of the gospel ()
B. The furtherance of the gospel ()
C. The faith of the gospel ()
II. The Submissive Mind ()
A. The example of Christ ()
B. The example of Paul ()
C. The example of Timothy ()
D. The example of Epaphroditus ()
III. The Spiritual Mind ()
A. Paul’s past ()
B. Paul’s present ()
C. Paul’s future ()
IV. The Secure Mind ()
A. God’s peace ()
B. God’s power ()
C. God’s provision ()
Book Overview
The letter to the Philippians is one of the prison epistles, written when Paul was exercising his right as a Roman citizen to be tried before the emperor. In spite of his difficult circumstances as a prisoner in Rome, Paul was rejoicing. The secret of his joy was his single-mindedness; he lived for Christ and the gospel alone. (Christ is named eighteen times in , and the gospel is mentioned six times.) “For to me, to live is Christ, and to die is gain” (). But what really is “single-mindedness”? It is the attitude that says, “It makes no difference what happens to me, just as long as Christ is glorified and the gospel shared with others.” Paul rejoiced in spite of his circumstances, because his circumstances strengthened the fellowship of the gospel (), promoted the spread of the gospel (), and guarded the faith of the gospel ().
One of the spiritual traits that readily comes to mind when thinking about Philippians is joy. When Paul wrote to the Philippian believers about the practice of joy, “Rejoice in the Lord always. Again I will say, rejoice!” (), his readers knew that Paul was someone who practiced what he preached even before he preached it. On Paul’s first visit to Philippi (), he and Silas had been falsely accused, beaten, thrown into prison, and given “maximum security” treatment. Their response? “But at midnight Paul and Silas were praying and singing hymns to God, and the prisoners were listening to them” (). They were practicing joy in the darkness and pain of their circumstances. The earthquake that followed not only shook open the doors of the prison, it shook open the doors of the jailer’s heart, and he and his family became middle-of-the-night believers.
Philippians is a letter saturated with joy. It provides one of the clearest pictures of the way Jesus practiced joy throughout His life () and encourages us to have the same attitude. And it gives () priceless practical counsel on choosing and maintaining a joyful outlook—single-mindedness. Paul had profound confidence in the way God was working out His plans for those first Macedonian believers. From his encouraging words we get a glimpse of God’s parallel plan for us: He is “confident of this very thing, that He who has begun a good work in you will complete it until the day of Jesus Christ” (). God is the persistent, transforming God.
“Be Transformed”
The word “fellowship” simply means “to have in common.” But true Christian fellowship is really much deeper than sharing coffee and pie, or even enjoying a golf game together. Too often what we think is “fellowship” is really only acquaintanceship or friendship. You cannot have fellowship with someone unless you have something in common, and for Christian fellowship, this means the possession of eternal life within the heart. Unless a person has trusted Christ as his Savior, he knows nothing of “the fellowship of the gospel.” In , Paul wrote about “fellowship together in the Spirit,” because when a person is born again he receives the gift of the Spirit (). There is also “the fellowship of His sufferings” (). When we share what we have in the way of goods and funds with others, this is also fellowship ().
So, true Christian fellowship is much more than having a name on a church roll or being present at a meeting. It is possible to be close to people physically and miles away from them spiritually. One of the sources of Christian joy is this fellowship that believers have in Jesus Christ. Paul was in Rome and his friends were miles away in Philippi, but their spiritual fellowship was real and satisfying. When you have the same single-mindedness, you will not complain about circumstances, because you know that difficult circumstances will result in the strengthening of the fellowship of the gospel.
Fellowship among Christians has to do with a growing realization that we are all undergoing the process of spiritual transformation. None of us who are still alive have arrived yet, but we are on our way. And God is bringing about the results in us that He has intended all along.
Greeting
To all the saints in Christ Jesus who are in Philippi, with the bishops and deacons:
2Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.
Thankfulness and Prayer
4always in every prayer of mine making request for you all with joy,
5for your fellowship in the gospel from the first day until now,
6being confident of this very thing, that He who has begun a good work in you will complete it until the day of Jesus Christ;
7just as it is right for me to think this of you all, because I have you in my heart, inasmuch as both in my chains and in the defense and confirmation of the gospel, you all are partakers with me of grace.
8For God is my witness, how greatly I long for you all with the affection of Jesus Christ.
9And this I pray, that your love may abound still more and more in knowledge and all discernment,
10that you may approve the things that are excellent, that you may be sincere and without offense till the day of Christ,
Christ Is Preached
16The former preach Christ from selfish ambition, not sincerely, supposing to add affliction to my chains;
17but the latter out of love, knowing that I am appointed for the defense of the gospel.
18What then? Only that in every way, whether in pretense or in truth, Christ is preached; and in this I rejoice, yes, and will rejoice.
To Live Is Christ
19For I know that this will turn out for my deliverance through your prayer and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ,
21For to me, to live is Christ, and to die is gain.
22But if I live on in the flesh, this will mean fruit from my labor; yet what I shall choose I cannot tell.
23For I am hard-pressed between the two, having a desire to depart and be with Christ, which is far better.
24Nevertheless to remain in the flesh is more needful for you.
25And being confident of this, I know that I shall remain and continue with you all for your progress and joy of faith,
26that your rejoicing for me may be more abundant in Jesus Christ by my coming to you again.
Striving and Suffering for Christ
27Only let your conduct be worthy of the gospel of Christ, so that whether I come and see you or am absent, I may hear of your affairs, that you stand fast in one spirit, with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel,
28and not in any way terrified by your adversaries, which is to them a proof of perdition, but to you of salvation, and that from God.
30having the same conflict which you saw in me and now hear is in me.
Unity Through Humility
2fulfill my joy by being like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind.
3Let nothing be done through selfish ambition or conceit, but in lowhness of mind let each esteem others better than himself.
4Let each of you look out not only for his own interests, but also for the interests of others.
The Humbled and Exalted Christ
6who, being in the form of God, did not consider it robbery to be equal with God,
7but made Himself of no reputation, taking the form of a bondservant, and coming in the likeness of men.
8And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and became obedient to the point of death, even the death of the cross.
10that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of those in heaven, and of those on earth, and of those under the earth,
11and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.
Light Bearers
12Therefore, my beloved, as you have always obeyed, not as in my presence only, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling;
13for it is God who works in you both to will and to do for His good pleasure.
15that you may become blameless and harmless, children of God without fault in the midst of a crooked and perverse generation, among whom you shine as lights in the world,
17Yes, and if I am being poured out as a drink offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I am glad and rejoice with you all.
18For the same reason you also be glad and rejoice with me.
Timothy Commended
20For I have no one like-minded, who will sincerely care for your state.
21For all seek their own, not the things which are of Christ Jesus.
22But you know his proven character, that as a son with his father he served with me in the gospel.
23Therefore I hope to send him at once, as soon as I see how it goes with me.
24But I trust in the Lord that I myself shall also come shortly.
Epaphroditus Praised
26since he was longing for you all, and was distressed because you had heard that he was sick.
27For indeed he was sick almost unto death; but God had mercy on him, and not only on him but on me also, lest I should have sorrow upon sorrow.
28Therefore I sent him the more eagerly, that when you see him again you may rejoice, and I may be less sorrowful.
29Receive him therefore in the Lord with all gladness, and hold such men in esteem;
30because for the work of Christ he came close to death, not regarding his life, to supply what was lacking in your service toward me.
All for Christ
2Beware of dogs, beware of evil workers, beware of the mutilation!
3For we are the circumcision, who worship God in the Spirit, rejoice in Christ Jesus, and have no confidence in the flesh,
4though I also might have confidence in the flesh. If anyone else thinks he may have confidence in the flesh, I more so:
5circumcised the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of the Hebrews; concerning the law, a Pharisee;
6concerning zeal, persecuting the church; concerning the righteousness which is in the law, blameless.
7But what things were gain to me, these I have counted loss for Christ.
11if, by any means, I may attain to the resurrection from the dead.
Pressing Toward the Goal
14I press toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus.
15Therefore let us, as many as are mature, have this mind; and if in anything you think otherwise, God will reveal even this to you.
16Nevertheless, to the degree that we have already attained, let us walk by the same rule, let us be of the same mind.
Our Citizenship in Heaven
18For many walk, of whom I have told you often, and now tell you even weeping, that they are the enemies of the cross of Christ:
19whose end is destruction, whose god is their belly, and whose glory is in their shame—who set their mind on earthly things.
20For our citizenship is in heaven, from which we also eagerly wait for the Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ,
21who will transform our lowly body that it may be conformed to His glorious body, according to the working by which He is able even to subdue all things to Himself.
1Therefore, my beloved and longed-for brethren, my joy and crown, so stand fast in the Lord, beloved.
Be United, Joyful, and in Prayer
3And I urge you also, true companion, help these women who labored with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and the rest of my fellow workers, whose names are in the Book of Life.
4Rejoice in the Lord always. Again I will say, rejoice!
5Let your gentleness be known to all men. The Lord is at hand.
7and the peace of God, which surpasses all understanding, will guard your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus.
Meditate on These Things
9The things which you learned and received and heard and saw in me, these do, and the God of peace will be with you.
Philippian Generosity
10But I rejoiced in the Lord greatly that now at last your care for me has flourished again; though you surely did care, but you lacked opportunity.
11Not that I speak in regard to need, for I have learned in whatever state I am, to be content:
12I know how to be abased, and I know how to abound. Everywhere and in all things I have learned both to be full and to be hungry, both to abound and to suffer need.
13I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me.
15Now you Philippians know also that in the beginning of the gospel, when I departed from Macedonia, no church shared with me concerning giving and receiving but you only.
16For even in Thessalonica you sent aid once and again for my necessities.
17Not that I seek the gift, but I seek the fruit that abounds to your account.
18Indeed I have all and abound. I am full, having received from Epaphroditus the things sent from you, a sweet-smelling aroma, an acceptable sacrifice, well pleasing to God.
19And my God shall supply all your need according to His riches in glory by Christ Jesus.
20Now to our God and Father be glory forever and ever. Amen.
Greeting and Blessing
22All the saints greet you, but especially those who are of Caesar’s household.
23The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you all. Amen.
Annotations for Philippians
When Paul referred to “your fellowship in the gospel” he was suggesting the idea of partnership. Paul used three thoughts in that describe true Christian fellowship: I have you in my mind (vv. ), I have you in my heart (vv. , ), and I have you in my prayers (vv. ).
As he awaited his trial in Rome, Paul’s mind went back to the believers in Philippi, and every recollection he had brought him joy. Reviewing , we see memories that brought joy to Paul: He recalled Lydia and her household, the poor slave girl who had been demon-possessed, the jailer and his family who found Christ, and the other dear Christians at Philippi. Each recollection was a source of joy.
Catalyst
Throughout the course of a typical day the names and faces of hundreds of people may cross our minds. How often do those thoughts provoke thanksgiving? Paul developed a habit of thankful recollection (). Instead of remembering with disappointment, judgment, or bitterness, he remembered with thanksgiving. He was grateful to God for the people the Lord had brought into his life. His simple practice would transform the way we think about people.
Paul found joy in his memories of the friends at Philippi and in his growing love for them. He also found joy in remembering them before the throne of grace in prayer. The high priest in the Old Testament wore a special garment, the ephod, over his heart. Perhaps the deepest Christian fellowship and joy we can experience in this life is at the throne of grace, praying with and for one another.
Paul’s sincere love for his friends was something that could not be disguised or hidden. He was suffering on their behalf. His bonds were proof of his love. When we permit God to perform His “good work” in us, then we grow in our love for one another.
Go to the
The difference between spiritual fruit and human “religious activity” is that the fruit brings glory to Jesus Christ. Whenever we do anything in our own strength, we have a tendency to boast about it. True spiritual fruit is so beautiful and wonderful that no man can claim credit for it; the glory must go to God alone.
More than anything else, Paul’s desire as a missionary was to preach the gospel in Rome. The hub of the great empire, Rome was the key city of its day. If Paul could conquer it for Christ, it would mean reaching millions with the message of salvation. It was critically important on Paul’s agenda.
Sometimes God has to put “chains” on His people to get them to accomplish a “pioneer advance” that could never happen any other way. Young mothers may feel chained to the home as they care for their children, but God can use those “chains” to reach people with the message of salvation. The secret is this: When you are single-minded, you look on your circumstances as God-given opportunities for the furtherance of the gospel, and you rejoice at what God is going to do instead of complaining about what God did not do.
God still wants His children to take the gospel into new areas. He wants us to be pioneers, and sometimes he arranges circumstances so that we can be nothing else but pioneers. In fact, that is how the gospel originally came to Philippi! Paul had tried to enter other territory, but God had repeatedly shut the door (). Paul wanted to take the message eastward into Asia, but God directed him to take it westward into Europe.
Paul was able to rejoice, not in the selfishness of his critics, but in the fact that Christ was being preached! There was no envy in Paul’s heart. It mattered not that some were for him and some were against him. All that mattered was the preaching of the gospel of Jesus Christ!
Because of Paul’s chains, Christ was known (v. ), and because of Paul’s critics, Christ was preached (v. ). But because of Paul’s crisis, honor was given to Christ (v. ). It was possible that Paul would be found a traitor to Rome and then executed. His preliminary trial had apparently gone in his favor. The final verdict, however, was yet to come. But Paul’s body was not his own, and his only desire (because he was single-minded) was to magnify Christ in his body.
, We can see three encouragements in these verses: First, these battles prove that we are saved (v. ). We not only believe on Christ but also suffer for Christ. Paul called this “the fellowship of His sufferings” (). Second, the presence of conflict is a privilege; we suffer “for His sake” (). In fact, Paul told us that this conflict is “granted” to us—it is a gift! If we were suffering for ourselves, it would be no privilege, but because we are suffering for and with Christ, it is a high and holy honor. After all, He suffered for us, and a willingness to suffer for Him is the very least we can do to show our love and gratitude. A third encouragement is this: Others are experiencing the same conflict (v. ). Satan wants us to think we are alone in the battle, that our difficulties are unique—but such is not the case.
Paul opens this section appealing to the highest possible spiritual motives. Since the believers at Philippi are “in Christ,” this ought to encourage them to work toward unity and love, not division and rivalry. In a gracious way, Paul was saying to the church, “Your disagreements reveal that there is a spiritual problem in your fellowship. It isn’t going to be solved by rules or threats; it’s going to be solved when your hearts are right with Christ and with each other.” Paul wanted them to see that the basic cause was selfishness, and the cause of selfishness is pride. There can be no joy in the life of the Christian who puts himself above others.
Thinking of “others” in an abstract sense only is insufficient; we must get down to the nitty-gritty of true service. Paul traced the steps in the humiliation of Christ: (1) He emptied Himself, laying aside the independent use of His own attributes as God; (2) He permanently became a human, in a sinless physical body; (3) He used that body to be a servant; and (4) He took that body to the cross and willingly died.
It is one of the paradoxes of the Christian life that the more we give, the more we receive; the more we sacrifice, the more God blesses. This is why the submissive mind leads to joy; it makes us more like Christ. This means sharing His joy as we also share in His sufferings. Of course, when love is the motive (v. ), sacrifice is never measured or mentioned. The person who constantly talks about his sacrifices does not have the submissive mind.
The joy of the submissive mind comes not only from helping others and sharing in Christ’s sufferings (), but primarily from the knowledge that we are glorifying God. We are letting our light shine through our good works, and this glorifies the Father in heaven (). We may not see the glory today, but we shall see it when Jesus comes and rewards His faithful servants.
The great goal of all that we do is to glorify God. In verse , Paul warns us against doing anything “through selfish ambition or conceit.” The kind of rivalry that pits Christian against Christian and ministry against ministry is not spiritual, nor is it satisfying. It is vain, empty. Jesus humbled Himself for others, and God highly exalted him; and the result of this exaltation is glory to God.
, Paul contrasted the life of the believer with the lives of those who live in and for the world. Unsaved people complain and find fault, but Christians rejoice. Society around us is “crooked and perverse,” but the Christian stands straight because he measures his life by God’s Word, the perfect standard. The world is dark, but Christians shine as bright lights. The world has nothing to offer, but the Christian holds out the Word of life, the message of salvation through faith in Christ. In other words, as we allow God to achieve this purpose in our lives, we become better witnesses in a world that desperately needs Christ.
Paul was comparing his experience of sacrifice to that of the priest pouring out the drink offering (). It was possible that Paul’s trial would go against him and he would be executed. But this did not rob Paul of his joy. His death would be a willing sacrifice, a priestly ministry, on behalf of Christ and His church, and this would give him joy.
It takes faith to exercise the submissive mind. We must believe that God’s promises are true and that they are going to work in our lives just as they worked in Paul’s life. God works in us through the Word, prayer, and suffering, and we work out in daily living and service. God fulfills His purposes in us as we receive and believe His Word. Life is not a series of disappointing “ups and downs.” Rather, it is a sequence of delightful “ins and outs.” God works in—we work out! The example comes from Christ, the energy comes from the Holy Spirit, and the result is—JOY!
Paul introduces us to two “ordinary saints,” men who were not apostles or spectacular miracle workers. He wanted us to know that the submissive mind is not a luxury enjoyed by a chosen few; it is a necessity for Christian joy, and an opportunity for all believers.
In Timothy’s experience, we learn that the submissive mind is not something that suddenly, automatically appears in the life of the believer. Timothy had to develop and cultivate the “mind of the LORD” (). It was not natural for him to be a servant; but, as he walked with the Lord and worked with Paul, he became the kind of servant that Paul could trust and God could bless.
Epaphroditus was a healthy, balanced Christian! Balance is important in the Christian life. Some people emphasize “fellowship” so much that they forget the furtherance of the gospel. Others are so involved in defending the “faith of the gospel” that they neglect building fellowship with other believers. Epaphroditus did not fall into either of these traps. He was like Nehemiah, the man who rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem with his sword in one hand and his trowel in the other (see ).
Paul was not speaking from an ivory tower; he personally knew the futility of trying to attain salvation by means of good works. As a young student, he had sat at the feet of Gamaliel, the great rabbi (). His career as a Jewish religious leader was a promising one (, ), and yet Paul gave it all up—to become a hated member of the “Christian sect” and a preacher of the gospel!
Catalyst
The key word in , is “count.” In the Greek, two different words are used, but the basic idea is the same: to evaluate, to assess. Few people sit down to weigh seriously the values that control their decisions and directions. Many people today are the slaves of “things,” and as a result they do not experience real Christian joy. In Paul’s case, the “things” he was living for before he knew Christ seemed to be very commendable: a righteous life, obedience to the law, the defense of the religion of his fathers. But none of these things satisfied him or gave him acceptance with God.
Paul had the “spiritual mind” and looked at the things of earth from heaven’s point of view. People who live for things are never really happy, because they must constantly protect their treasures and worry lest they lose their value. Not so the believer with the spiritual mind; his treasures in Christ can never be stolen, and they never lose their value. Take some time and evaluate the “things” that matter most to you.
Go to the
Paul’s phrase, “knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord” (v. ) means much more than knowledge about Christ, because Paul had that kind of historical information before he was saved. To “know Christ” means to have a personal relationship with Him through faith. It is this experience that Jesus mentioned in . You and I know about many people, even people who lived centuries ago, but we know personally very few. “Christianity is Christ.” Salvation is knowing Him in a personal way.
Paul looked at his own record and discovered that he was spiritually bankrupt. He looked at Christ’s record and saw that He was perfect. When Paul trusted Christ, he saw that God put Christ’s righteousness to his own account! More than that, Paul discovered that his sins had been put on Christ’s account on the cross (). And God promised Paul that He would never write his sins against him anymore.
, When he became a Christian, it was not the end for Paul, but the beginning. His experience with Christ was so tremendous that it transformed his life. And this experience continued in the years to follow. It was a personal experience (“I want to know Christ”) as Paul walked with Christ, prayed, obeyed His will, and sought to glorify His name. When he was living under law, all Paul had was a set of rules. But now he had a Friend, a Master, a constant Companion.
Like an athlete in a race, Paul says, “I press toward the goal for the prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus.” It is important to note that Paul was not telling us how to be saved. If he were, it would be a picture of salvation by works or self-effort, and this would contradict what he wrote in the first eleven verses of . Because we are already the children of God through faith in Christ, we have the responsibility of “run the race” () and achieving the goals God has set for us. It is an exciting experience to run the race daily, “looking unto Jesus, the author and finisher of our faith” (, ). It will be even more exciting when we experience that “prize of the upward call of God in Christ Jesus” () and Jesus returns to take us to heaven.
This verse simply means that we break the power of the past by living for the future. We cannot change the past, but we can change the meaning of the past. Too many Christians are shackled by regrets of the past. They are trying to run the race by looking backward! No wonder they stumble and fall and get in the way of other Christians! Some Christian runners are being distracted by the successes of the past, not the failures, and this is just as bad. The past must be set aside and “things which are ahead” must take its place.
Bible history is filled with people who began the race with great success but failed at the end because they disregarded God’s rules. They did not lose their salvation, but they did lose their rewards (). It happened to Lot (), Samson (), Saul (; ), and Ananias and Sapphira ()—and it can happen to us!
We have no idea what Euodia and Syntyche were disputing about, but whatever it was, it was bringing division into the church. Along with the potential division at Philippi, Paul had to face division among the believers at Rome (). Added to these burdens was the possibility of his own death! Yes, Paul had a good excuse to worry—but he did not! Instead, he took time to explain to us the secret of victory over worry.
, The Greek word translated “anxious” means “to be pulled in different directions.” Our hopes pull us in one direction; our fears pull us the opposite direction; and we are pulled apart! The Old English root of the word means “to strangle.” If you have ever really worried, you know how it does strangle a person! In fact, worry has definite physical consequences: headaches, neck pains, ulcers, even back pains. Worry affects our thinking, our digestion, and even our coordination.
Paul counsels us to take everything to God in prayer. “In everything by prayer and supplication, with thanksgiving, let your requests be made known to God” was his admonition. We are prone to pray about the “big things” in life and forget to pray about the so-called “little things”—until they grow and become big things! Talking to God about everything that concerns us and Him is the first step toward victory over worry. The result is that “God’s peace” guards the heart and the mind.
If we compare this list to David’s description of the Word of God in , we will see a parallel. The Christian who fills his heart and mind with God’s Word will have a “built-in radar” for detecting wrong thoughts. “Great peace have those who love Your law, and nothing causes them to stumble” (). Right thinking is the result of daily meditation on the Word of God.
Paul did not see their gift as simply coming from believers in Philippi. He saw it as the supply of his need from heaven. Paul’s trust was in the Lord. There is an interesting contrast between verses and . We might state it this way if we were to paraphrase Paul: “You met my need, and God is going to meet your need. You met one need that I have, but my God will meet all of your needs. You gave out of your poverty, but God will supply your needs out of His riches in glory!”
, The apostle Paul was a thermostat. Instead of having spiritual ups and downs as the situation changed, he went right on, steadily doing his work and serving Christ. His personal references at the close of this letter indicate that he was not the victim of circumstances but the victor over circumstances: I can accept all things (v. ); “I can do all things” (v. ); I have all things (v. ). Paul did not have to be pampered to be content; he found his contentment in the spiritual resources abundantly provided by Christ.
Philippians 1
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