Chapter 29 of 77

Isaiah

Isaiah

Book Outhne

Key theme: The salvation (deliverance) of the Lord

Key verse:

I. Condemnation ()

A. Sermons against Judah and Israel ()

B. Burdens of judgment against the Gentiles ()

C. Songs about future glory ()

D. Woes of coming judgment from Assyria ()

E. Historical interlude ()

1. Hezekiah delivered from Assyria ()

2. Hezekiah deceived by Babylon ()

II. Consolation ()

A. God’s greatness (the Father vs. idols) ()

B. God’s grace (the Son, God’s Servant) ()

C. God’s glory (the Spirit and the kingdom) ()

Book Overview

Because God’s prophets were correct all the time, they didn’t have to explain away their mistakes. “When a prophet speaks in the name of the Lord, if the thing does not happen or come to pass,” wrote Moses, “that is the thing which the Lord has not spoken” (). “Look to God’s instructions and teachings,” wrote Isaiah, “If [prophets] do not speak according to this word, it is, because there is no light in them” (). Isaiah was a man who had God’s light, and he was not afraid to let it shine.

At a time when empires were rising and falling and his nation was in peril, Isaiah wrote, “In returning and rest you shall be saved; in quietness and confidence shall be your strength” (). And when a new generation faced the arduous task of rebuilding a ruined nation, the words of Isaiah the prophet gave them courage: “But those who wait on the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings like eagles, they shall run and not be weary, they shall walk and not faint” ().

Isaiah is the prophet we need to hear today as he cries out God’s message above the din of world upheaval, “ ‘Comfort, yes, comfort My people!’ says your God” () The English word “comfort” comes from two Latin words that together mean “with strength.” When Isaiah says to us, “Be comforted!” it is not a word of pity but of power. God’s comfort does not weaken us; it strengthens us. God is not indulging us but empowering us.

As you study Isaiah’s book, you will meet not only this outstanding prophet, but also some mighty kings and rulers; and you will witness the rise and fall of powerful kingdoms. You will see God’s people chastened and then restored. But above all else, you will see the Lord Jesus Christ, God’s “Suffering Servant,” as He does the will of God and suffers and dies for the sins of the world.

“Be Transformed”

Throughout his book, Isaiah presents us with alternatives: Trust the Lord and live, or rebel against the Lord and die. The tough love that God had Isaiah declare to His people is the same kind of tough love that He still lavishes on us. As we read Isaiah’s writings to Israel, we see him explaining the grace and mercy of God and offering God’s forgiveness. Isaiah explains the holiness and wrath of God and warns of His judgment. He promises glory for those who will believe and judgment for those who scoff. He explains the foolishness of trusting human wisdom and earthly resources.

The prophet calls professing people of God back to spiritual reality. In these pages, he warns against hypocrisy and empty worship. He pleads for faith, obedience, a heart that delights in God, and a life that glorifies God. Isaiah’s message rings with “Be comforted by the Lord!” (See ; , ; ; , ; ; ; ; ; .) But God cannot comfort rebels! If we are sinning against God and feel comfortable about it, something is radically wrong. That false comfort will lead to false confidence, and that will lead to the chastening hand of God.

But Isaiah also shows us that God doesn’t love from a distance. His love is personal, intimate, and willing to suffer in expressing itself. We meet the “Suffering Servant,” Jesus, in descriptions that God gave Isaiah seven hundred years before the Savior was born. These moving profiles can be found in ; ; ; and . God didn’t bring salvation to the world as an afterthought or an alternate strategy; God gave our salvation the kind of forethought and planning only He can exercise. And God sent His Son to pay the costs to make His plan a reality and secure for us an eternal hope.

The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

The Wickedness of Judah

Hear, O heavens, and give ear, O earth!

For the LORD has spoken:

“I have nourished and brought up children,

And they have rebelled against Me;

3The ox knows its owner

And the donkey its master’s crib;

But Israel does not know,

My people do not consider.”

4Alas, sinful nation,

A people laden with iniquity,

A brood of evildoers,

Children who are corrupters!

They have forsaken the LORD,

They have provoked to anger

The Holy One of Israel,

They have turned away backward.

Why should you be stricken again?

You will revolt more and more.

The whole head is sick,

And the whole heart faints.

6From the sole of the foot even to the head,

There is no soundness in it,

But wounds and bruises and putrefying sores;

They have not been closed or bound up,

Or soothed with ointment.

Your country is desolate,

Your cities are burned with fire;

Strangers devour your land in your presence;

And it is desolate, as overthrown by strangers.

8So the daughter of Zion is left as a booth in a vineyard,

As a hut in a garden of cucumbers,

As a besieged city.

9Unless the LORD of hosts

Had left to us a very small remnant,

We would have become like Sodom,

We would have been made like Gomorrah.

Hear the word of the LORD,

You rulers of Sodom;

Give ear to the law of our God,

You people of Gomorrah:

11“To what purpose is the multitude of your sacrifices to Me?”

Says the LORD.

“I have had enough of burnt offerings of rams

And the fat of fed cattle.

I do not delight in the blood of bulls,

Or of lambs or goats.

12“When you come to appear before Me,

Who has required this from your hand,

To trample My courts?

13Bring no more futile sacrifices;

Incense is an abomination to Me.

The New Moons, the Sabbaths, and the calling of assemblies—

I cannot endure iniquity and the sacred meeting.

14Your New Moons and your appointed feasts

My soul hates;

They are a trouble to Me,

I am weary of bearing them.

15When you spread out your hands,

I will hide My eyes from you;

Even though you make many prayers,

I will not hear.

Your hands are full of blood.

“Wash yourselves, make yourselves clean;

Put away the evil of your doings from before My eyes.

Cease to do evil,

17Learn to do good;

Seek justice,

Rebuke the oppressor;

Defend the fatherless,

Plead for the widow.

18“Come now, and let us reason together,”

Says the LORD,

“Though your sins are like scarlet,

They shall be as white as snow;

Though they are red like crimson,

They shall be as wool.

19If you are willing and obedient,

You shall eat the good of the land;

20But if you refuse and rebel,

You shall be devoured by the sword”;

For the mouth of the LORD has spoken.

The Degenerate City

How the faithful city has become a harlot!

It was full of justice;

Righteousness lodged in it,

But now murderers.

22Your silver has become dross,

Your wine mixed with water.

23Your princes are rebellious,

And companions of thieves;

Everyone loves bribes,

And follows after rewards.

They do not defend the fatherless,

Nor does the cause of the widow come before them.

24Therefore the Lord says,

The LORD of hosts, the Mighty One of Israel,

“Ah, I will rid Myself of My adversaries,

And take vengeance on My enemies.

25I will turn My hand against you,

And thoroughly purge away your dross,

And take away all your alloy.

26I will restore your judges as at the first,

And your counselors as at the beginning.

Afterward you shall be called the city of righteousness, the faithful city.”

27Zion shall be redeemed with justice,

And her penitents with righteousness.

28The destruction of transgressors and of sinners shall be together,

And those who forsake the LORD shall be consumed.

29For they shall be ashamed of the terebinth trees

Which you have desired;

And you shall be embarrassed because of the gardens

Which you have chosen.

30For you shall be as a terebinth whose leaf fades,

And as a garden that has no water.

31The strong shall be as tinder,

And the work of it as a spark;

Both will burn together,

And no one shall quench them.

The Future House of God

The word that Isaiah the son of Amoz saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem.

2Now it shall come to pass in the latter days

That the mountain of the LORD’s house

Shall be established on the top of the mountains,

And shall be exalted above the hills;

And all nations shall flow to it.

3Many people shall come and say,

“Come, and let us go up to the mountain of the LORD,

To the house of the God of Jacob;

He will teach us His ways,

And we shall walk in His paths.”

For out of Zion shall go forth the law,

And the word of the LORD from Jerusalem.

4He shall judge between the nations,

And rebuke many people;

They shall beat their swords into plowshares,

And their spears into pruning hooks;

Nation shall not lift up sword against nation,

Neither shall they learn war anymore.

The Day of the LORD

5O house of Jacob, come and let us walk

In the light of the LORD.

For You have forsaken Your people, the house of Jacob,

Because they are filled with eastern ways;

They are soothsayers like the Philistines,

And they are pleased with the children of foreigners.

7Their land is also full of silver and gold,

And there is no end to their treasures;

Their land is also full of horses,

And there is no end to their chariots.

8Their land is also full of idols;

They worship the work of their own hands,

That which their own fingers have made.

9People bow down,

And each man humbles himself;

Therefore do not forgive them.

10Enter into the rock, and hide in the dust,

From the terror of the LORD

And the glory of His majesty.

11The lofty looks of man shall be humbled,

The haughtiness of men shall be bowed down,

And the LORD alone shall be exalted in that day.

12For the day of the LORD of hosts

Shall come upon everything proud and lofty,

Upon everything lifted up—

And it shall be brought low—

13Upon all the cedars of Lebanon that are high and lifted up,

And upon all the oaks of Bashan;

14Upon all the high mountains,

And upon all the hills that are lifted up;

15Upon every high tower,

And upon every fortified wall;

16Upon all the ships of Tarshish,

And upon all the beautiful sloops.

17The loftiness of man shall be bowed down,

And the haughtiness of men shall be brought low;

The LORD alone will be exalted in that day,

18But the idols He shall utterly abolish.

19They shall go into the holes of the rocks,

And into the caves of the earth,

From the terror of the LORD

And the glory of His majesty,

When He arises to shake the earth mightily.

20In that day a man will cast away his idols of silver

And his idols of gold,

Which they made, each for himself to worship,

To the moles and bats,

21To go into the clefts of the rocks,

And into the crags of the rugged rocks,

From the terror of the LORD

And the glory of His majesty,

When He arises to shake the earth mightily.

22Sever yourselves from such a man,

Whose breath is in his nostrils;

For of what account is he?

Judgment on Judah and Jerusalem

1For behold, the Lord, the LORD of hosts,

Takes away from Jerusalem and from Judah

The stock and the store,

The whole supply of bread and the whole supply of water;

2The mighty man and the man of war,

The judge and the prophet,

And the diviner and the elder;

3The captain of fifty and the honorable man,

The counselor and the skillful artisan,

And the expert enchanter.

4“I will give children to be their princes,

And babes shall rule over them.

5The people will be oppressed,

Every one by another and every one by his neighbor;

The child will be insolent toward the elder,

And the base toward the honorable.”

6When a man takes hold of his brother

In the house of his father, saying,

“You have clothing;

You be our ruler,

And let these ruins be under your power,”

7In that day he will protest, saying,

“I cannot cure your ills,

For in my house is neither food nor clothing;

Do not make me a ruler of the people.”

8For Jerusalem stumbled,

And Judah is fallen,

Because their tongue and their doings

Are against the LORD,

To provoke the eyes of His glory.

9The look on their countenance witnesses against them,

And they declare their sin as Sodom;

They do not hide it.

Woe to their soul!

For they have brought evil upon themselves.

10“Say to the righteous that it shall be well with them,

For they shall eat the fruit of their doings.

11Woe to the wicked! It shall be ill with him,

For the reward of his hands shall be given him.

12As for My people, children are their oppressors,

And women rule over them.

O My people! Those who lead you cause you to err,

And destroy the way of your paths.”

Oppression and Luxury Condemned

The LORD stands up to plead,

And stands to judge the people.

14The LORD will enter into judgment

With the elders of His people

And His princes:

“For you have eaten up the vineyard;

The plunder of the poor is in your houses.

15What do you mean by crushing My people

And grinding the faces of the poor?”

Says the Lord GOD of hosts.

Moreover the LORD says:

“Because the daughters of Zion are haughty,

And walk with outstretched necks

And wanton eyes,

Walking and mincing as they go,

Making a jingling with their feet,

17Therefore the Lord will strike with a scab

The crown of the head of the daughters of Zion,

And the LORD will uncover their secret parts.”

18In that day the Lord will take away the finery:

The jingling anklets, the scarves, and the crescents;

19The pendants, the bracelets, and the veils;

20The headdresses, the leg ornaments, and the headbands;

The perfume boxes, the charms,

21and the rings;

The nose jewels,

22the festal apparel, and the mantles;

The outer garments, the purses,

23and the mirrors;

The fine linen, the turbans, and the robes.

24And so it shall be:

Instead of a sweet smell there will be a stench;

Instead of a sash, a rope;

Instead of well-set hair, baldness;

Instead of a rich robe, a girding of sackcloth;

And branding instead of beauty.

25Your men shall fall by the sword,

And your mighty in the war.

26Her gates shall lament and mourn,

And she being desolate shall sit on the ground.

And in that day seven women shall take hold of one man, saying,

“We will eat our own food and wear our own apparel;

Only let us be called by your name,

To take away our reproach.”

The Renewal of Zion

In that day the Branch of the LORD shall be beautiful and glorious;

And the fruit of the earth shall be excellent and appealing

For those of Israel who have escaped.

3And it shall come to pass that he who is left in Zion and remains in Jerusalem will be called holy—everyone who is recorded among the living in Jerusalem.

When the Lord has washed away the filth of the daughters of Zion, and purged the blood of Jerusalem from her midst, by the spirit of judgment and by the spirit of burning,

5then the LORD will create above every dwelling place of Mount Zion, and above her assemblies, a cloud and smoke by day and the shining of a flaming fire by night. For over all the glory there will be a covering.

6And there will be a tabernacle for shade in the daytime from the heat, for a place of refuge, and for a shelter from storm and rain.

God’s Disappointing Vineyard

Now let me sing to my Well-beloved

A song of my Beloved regarding His vineyard:

My Well-beloved has a vineyard

On a very fruitful hill.

2He dug it up and cleared out its stones,

And planted it with the choicest vine.

He built a tower in its midst,

And also made a winepress in it;

So He expected it to bring forth good grapes,

But it brought forth wild grapes.

3“And now, O inhabitants of Jerusalem and men of Judah,

Judge, please, between Me and My vineyard.

What more could have been done to My vineyard

That I have not done in it?

Why then, when I expected it to bring forth good grapes,

Did it bring forth wild grapes?

5And now, please let Me tell you what I will do to My vineyard:

I will take away its hedge, and it shall be burned;

And break down its wall, and it shall be trampled down.

6I will lay it waste;

It shall not be pruned or dug,

But there shall come up briers and thorns.

I will also command the clouds

That they rain no rain on it.”

7For the vineyard of the LORD of hosts is the house of Israel,

And the men of Judah are His pleasant plant.

He looked for justice, but behold, oppression;

For righteousness, but behold, a cry for help.

Impending Judgment on Excesses

Woe to those who join house to house;

They add field to field,

Till there is no place

Where they may dwell alone in the midst of the land!

9In my hearing the LORD of hosts said,

“Truly, many houses shall be desolate,

Great and beautiful ones, without inhabitant.

10For ten acres of vineyard shall yield one bath,

And a homer of seed shall yield one ephah.”

Woe to those who rise early in the morning,

That they may follow intoxicating drink;

Who continue until night, till wine inflames them!

12The harp and the strings,

The tambourine and flute,

And wine are in their feasts;

But they do not regard the work of the LORD,

Nor consider the operation of His hands.

13Therefore my people have gone into captivity,

Because they have no knowledge;

Their honorable men are famished,

And their multitude dried up with thirst.

14Therefore Sheol has enlarged itself

And opened its mouth beyond measure;

Their glory and their multitude and their pomp,

And he who is jubilant, shall descend into it.

15People shall be brought down,

Each man shall be humbled,

And the eyes of the lofty shall be humbled.

16But the LORD of hosts shall be exalted in judgment,

And God who is holy shall be hallowed in righteousness.

17Then the lambs shall feed in their pasture,

And in the waste places of the fat ones strangers shall eat.

Woe to those who draw iniquity with cords of vanity,

And sin as if with a cart rope;

19That say, “Let Him make speed and hasten His work,

That we may see it;

And let the counsel of the Holy One of Israel draw near and come,

That we may know it.”

Woe to those who call evil good, and good evil;

Who put darkness for light, and light for darkness;

Who put bitter for sweet, and sweet for bitter!

Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes,

And prudent in their own sight!

Woe to men mighty at drinking wine,

Woe to men valiant for mixing intoxicating drink,

23Who justify the wicked for a bribe,

And take away justice from the righteous man!

24Therefore, as the fire devours the stubble,

And the flame consumes the chaff,

So their root will be as rottenness,

And their blossom will ascend like dust;

Because they have rejected the law of the LORD of hosts,

And despised the word of the Holy One of Israel.

Therefore the anger of the LORD is aroused against His people;

He has stretched out His hand against them

And stricken them,

And the hills trembled.

Their carcasses were as refuse in the midst of the streets.

For all this His anger is not turned away,

But His hand is stretched out still.

26He will lift up a banner to the nations from afar,

And will whistle to them from the end of the earth;

Surely they shall come with speed, swiftly.

27No one will be weary or stumble among them,

No one will slumber or sleep;

Nor will the belt on their loins be loosed,

Nor the strap of their sandals be broken;

28Whose arrows are sharp,

And all their bows bent;

Their horses’ hooves will seem like flint,

And their wheels like a whirlwind.

29Their roaring will be like a lion,

They will roar like young lions;

Yes, they will roar

And lay hold of the prey;

They will carry it away safely,

And no one will deliver.

30In that day they will roar against them

Like the roaring of the sea.

And if one looks to the land,

Behold, darkness and sorrow;

And the light is darkened by the clouds.

Isaiah Called to Be a Prophet

1In the year that King Uzziah died, I saw the Lord sitting on a throne, high and lifted up, and the train of His robe filled the temple.

2Above it stood seraphim; each one had six wings: with two he covered his face, with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew.

3And one cried to another and said:

“Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts;

The whole earth is full of His glory!”

4And the posts of the door were shaken by the voice of him who cried out, and the house was filled with smoke.

5So I said:

“Woe is me, for I am undone!

Because I am a man of unclean lips,

And I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips;

For my eyes have seen the King,

The LORD of hosts.”

Then one of the seraphim flew to me, having in his hand a live coal which he had taken with the tongs from the altar.

And he touched my mouth with it, and said:

“Behold, this has touched your lips;

Your iniquity is taken away,

And your sin purged.”

8Also I heard the voice of the Lord, saying:

“Whom shall I send,

And who will go for Us?”

Then I said, “Here am I! Send me.”

And He said, “Go, and tell this people:

‘Keep on hearing, but do not understand;

Keep on seeing, but do not perceive.’

10“Make the heart of this people dull,

And their ears heavy,

And shut their eyes;

Lest they see with their eyes,

And hear with their ears,

And understand with their heart,

And return and be healed.”

Then I said, “Lord, how long?” And He answered:

“Until the cities are laid waste and without inhabitant,

The houses are without a man,

The land is utterly desolate,

12The LORD has removed men far away,

And the forsaken places are many in the midst of the land.

13But yet a tenth will be in it,

And will return and be for consuming,

As a terebinth tree or as an oak,

Whose stump remains when it is cut down.

So the holy seed shall be its stump.”

Isaiah Sent to King Ahaz

Now it came to pass in the days of Ahaz the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, that Rezin king of Syria and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up to Jerusalem to make war against it, but could not prevail against it.

And it was told to the house of David, saying, “Syria’s forces are deployed in Ephraim.” So his heart and the heart of his people were moved as the trees of the woods are moved with the wind.

3Then the LORD said to Isaiah, “Go out now to meet Ahaz, you and Shear-Jashub your son, at the end of the aqueduct from the upper pool, on the highway to the Fuller’s Field,

“and say to him: ‘Take heed, and be quiet; do not fear or be fainthearted for these two stubs of smoking firebrands, for the fierce anger of Rezin and Syria, and the son of Remaliah.

5‘Because Syria, Ephraim, and the son of Remaliah have plotted evil against you, saying,

6“Let us go up against Judah and trouble it, and let us make a gap in its wall for ourselves, and set a king over them, the son of Tabel”—

7‘thus says the Lord GOD:

“It shall not stand,

Nor shall it come to pass.

8For the head of Syria is Damascus,

And the head of Damascus is Rezin.

Within sixty-five years Ephraim will be broken,

So that it will not be a people.

9The head of Ephraim is Samaria,

And the head of Samaria is Remaliah’s son.

If you will not believe,

Surely you shall not be established.” ’ ”

The Immanuel Prophecy

Moreover the LORD spoke again to Ahaz, saying,

11“Ask a sign for yourself from the LORD your God; ask it either in the depth or in the height above.”

12But Ahaz said, “I will not ask, nor will I test the LORD!”

13Then he said, “Hear now, O house of David! Is it a small thing for you to weary men, but will you weary my God also?

“Therefore the Lord Himself will give you a sign: Behold, the virgin shall conceive and bear a Son, and shall call His name Immanuel.

“Curds and honey He shall eat, that He may know to refuse the evil and choose the good.

16“For before the Child shall know to refuse the evil and choose the good, the land that you dread will be forsaken by both her kings.

“The LORD will bring the king of Assyria upon you and your people and your father’s house—days that have not come since the day that Ephraim departed from Judah.”

18And it shall come to pass in that day

That the LORD will whistle for the fly

That is in the farthest part of the rivers of Egypt,

And for the bee that is in the land of Assyria.

19They will come, and all of them will rest

In the desolate valleys and in the clefts of the rocks,

And on all thorns and in all pastures.

20In the same day the Lord will shave with a hired razor,

With those from beyond the River, with the king of Assyria,

The head and the hair of the legs,

And will also remove the beard.

21It shall be in that day

That a man will keep alive a young cow and two sheep;

22So it shall be, from the abundance of milk they give,

That he will eat curds;

For curds and honey everyone will eat who is left in the land.

23It shall happen in that day,

That wherever there could be a thousand vines

Worth a thousand shekels of silver,

It will be for briers and thorns.

24With arrows and bows men will come there,

Because all the land will become briers and thorns.

25And to any hill which could be dug with the hoe,

You will not go there for fear of briers and thorns;

But it will become a range for oxen

And a place for sheep to roam.

Assyria Will Invade the Land

Moreover the LORD said to me, “Take a large scroll, and write on it with a man’s pen concerning Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz.

2“And I will take for Myself faithful witnesses to record, Uriah the priest and Zechariah the son of Jeberechiah.”

3Then I went to the prophetess, and she conceived and bore a son. Then the LORD said to me, “Call his name Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz;

4“for before the child shall have knowledge to cry ‘My father’ and ‘My mother,’ the riches of Damascus and the spoil of Samaria will be taken away before the king of Assyria.”

The LORD also spoke to me again, saying:

6“Inasmuch as these people refused

The waters of Shiloah that flow softly,

And rejoice in Rezin and in Remaliah’s son;

7Now therefore, behold, the Lord brings up over them

The waters of the River, strong and mighty—

The king of Assyria and all his glory;

He will go up over all his channels

And go over all his banks.

8He will pass through Judah,

He will overflow and pass over,

He will reach up to the neck;

And the stretching out of his wings

Will fill the breadth of Your land, O Immanuel.

9“Be shattered, O you peoples, and be broken in pieces!

Give ear, all you from far countries.

Gird yourselves, but be broken in pieces;

Gird yourselves, but be broken in pieces.

10Take counsel together, but it will come to nothing;

Speak the word, but it will not stand,

For God is with us.”

Fear God, Heed His Word

For the LORD spoke thus to me with a strong hand, and instructed me that I should not walk in the way of this people, saying:

12“Do not say, ‘A conspiracy,’

Concerning all that this people call a conspiracy,

Nor be afraid of their threats, nor be troubled.

13The LORD of hosts, Him you shall hallow;

Let Him be your fear,

And let Him be your dread.

14He will be as a sanctuary,

But a stone of stumbling and a rock of offense

To both the houses of Israel,

As a trap and a snare to the inhabitants of Jerusalem.

15And many among them shall stumble;

They shall fall and be broken,

Be snared and taken.”

Bind up the testimony,

Seal the law among my disciples.

17And I will wait on the LORD,

Who hides His face from the house of Jacob;

And I will hope in Him.

18Here am I and the children whom the LORD has given me!

We are for signs and wonders in Israel

From the LORD of hosts,

Who dwells in Mount Zion.

And when they say to you, “Seek those who are mediums and wizards, who whisper and mutter,” should not a people seek their God? Should they seek the dead on behalf of the living?

20To the law and to the testimony! If they do not speak according to this word, it is because there is no light in them.

21They will pass through it hard-pressed and hungry; and it shall happen, when they are hungry, that they will be enraged and curse their king and their God, and look upward.

22Then they will look to the earth, and see trouble and darkness, gloom of anguish; and they will be driven into darkness.

The Government of the Promised Son

Nevertheless the gloom will not be upon her who is distressed,

As when at first He lightly esteemed

The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali,

And afterward more heavily oppressed her,

By the way of the sea, beyond the Jordan,

In Galilee of the Gentiles.

The people who walked in darkness

Have seen a great light;

Those who dwelt in the land of the shadow of death,

Upon them a light has shined.

You have multiplied the nation

And increased its joy;

They rejoice before You

According to the joy of harvest,

As men rejoice when they divide the spoil.

4For You have broken the yoke of his burden

And the staff of his shoulder,

The rod of his oppressor,

As in the day of Midian.

5For every warrior’s sandal from the noisy battle,

And garments rolled in blood,

Will be used for burning and fuel of fire.

For unto us a Child is born,

Unto us a Son is given;

And the government will be upon His shoulder.

And His name will be called

Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God,

Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

7Of the increase of His government and peace

There will be no end,

Upon the throne of David and over His kingdom,

To order it and establish it with judgment and justice

From that time forward, even forever.

The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.

The Punishment of Samaria

The Lord sent a word against Jacob,

And it has fallen on Israel.

9All the people will know—

Ephraim and the inhabitant of Samaria—

Who say in pride and arrogance of heart:

10“The bricks have fallen down,

But we will rebuild with hewn stones;

The sycamores are cut down,

But we will replace them with cedars.”

11Therefore the LORD shall set up

The adversaries of Rezin against him,

And spur his enemies on,

The Syrians before and the Philistines behind;

And they shall devour Israel with an open mouth.

For all this His anger is not turned away,

But His hand is stretched out still.

13For the people do not turn to Him who strikes them,

Nor do they seek the LORD of hosts.

14Therefore the LORD will cut off head and tail from Israel,

Palm branch and bulrush in one day.

15The elder and honorable, he is the head;

The prophet who teaches lies, he is the tail.

16For the leaders of this people cause them to err,

And those who are led by them are destroyed.

17Therefore the Lord will have no joy in their young men,

Nor have mercy on their fatherless and widows;

For everyone is a hypocrite and an evildoer,

And every mouth speaks folly.

For all this His anger is not turned away,

But His hand is stretched out still.

For wickedness burns as the fire;

It shall devour the briers and thorns,

And kindle in the thickets of the forest;

They shall mount up like rising smoke.

19Through the wrath of the LORD of hosts

The land is burned up,

And the people shall be as fuel for the fire;

No man shall spare his brother.

20And he shall snatch on the right hand

And be hungry;

He shall devour on the left hand

And not be satisfied;

Every man shall eat the flesh of his own arm.

21Manasseh shall devour Ephraim, and Ephraim Manasseh;

Together they shall be against Judah.

For all this His anger is not turned away,

But His hand is stretched out still.

1“Woe to those who decree unrighteous decrees,

Who write misfortune,

Which they have prescribed

2To rob the needy of justice,

And to take what is right from the poor of My people,

That widows may be their prey,

And that they may rob the fatherless.

3What will you do in the day of punishment,

And in the desolation which will come from afar?

To whom will you flee for help?

And where will you leave your glory?

4Without Me they shall bow down among the prisoners,

And they shall fall among the slain.”

For all this His anger is not turned away,

But His hand is stretched out still.

Arrogant Assyria Also Judged

“Woe to Assyria, the rod of My anger

And the staff in whose hand is My indignation.

6I will send him against an ungodly nation,

And against the people of My wrath

I will give him charge,

To seize the spoil, to take the prey,

And to tread them down like the mire of the streets.

7Yet he does not mean so,

Nor does his heart think so;

But it is in his heart to destroy,

And cut off not a few nations.

8For he says,

‘Are not my princes altogether kings?

9Is not Calno like Carchemish?

Is not Hamath like Arpad?

Is not Samaria like Damascus?

10As my hand has found the kingdoms of the idols,

Whose carved images excelled those of Jerusalem and Samaria,

11As I have done to Samaria and her idols,

Shall I not do also to Jerusalem and her idols?’ ”

12Therefore it shall come to pass, when the Lord has performed all His work on Mount Zion and on Jerusalem, that He will say, “I will punish the fruit of the arrogant heart of the king of Assyria, and the glory of his haughty looks.”

13For he says:

“By the strength of my hand I have done it,

And by my wisdom, for I am prudent;

Also I have removed the boundaries of the people,

And have robbed their treasuries;

So I have put down the inhabitants like a valiant man.

14My hand has found like a nest the riches of the people,

And as one gathers eggs that are left,

I have gathered all the earth;

And there was no one who moved his wing,

Nor opened his mouth with even a peep.”

15Shall the ax boast itself against him who chops with it?

Or shall the saw exalt itself against him who saws with it?

As if a rod could wield itself against those who lift it up,

Or as if a staff could lift up, as if it were not wood!

16Therefore the Lord, the Lord of hosts,

Will send leanness among his fat ones;

And under his glory

He will kindle a burning

Like the burning of a fire.

17So the Light of Israel will be for a fire,

And his Holy One for a flame;

It will burn and devour

His thorns and his briers in one day.

18And it will consume the glory of his forest and of his fruitful field,

Both soul and body;

And they will be as when a sick man wastes away.

19Then the rest of the trees of his forest

Will be so few in number

That a child may write them.

The Returning Remnant of Israel

20And it shall come to pass in that day

That the remnant of Israel,

And such as have escaped of the house of Jacob,

Will never again depend on him who defeated them,

But will depend on the LORD, the Holy One of Israel, in truth.

21The remnant will return, the remnant of Jacob,

To the Mighty God.

22For though your people, O Israel, be as the sand of the sea,

A remnant of them will return;

The destruction decreed shall overflow with righteousness.

23For the Lord GOD of hosts

Will make a determined end

In the midst of all the land.

24Therefore thus says the Lord GOD of hosts: “O My people, who dwell in Zion, do not be afraid of the Assyrian. He shall strike you with a rod and lift up his staff against you, in the manner of Egypt.

25“For yet a very little while and the indignation will cease, as will My anger in their destruction.”

26And the LORD of hosts will stir up a scourge for him like the slaughter of Midian at the rock of Oreb; as His rod was on the sea, so will He lift it up in the manner of Egypt.

27It shall come to pass in that day

That his burden will be taken away from your shoulder,

And his yoke from your neck,

And the yoke will be destroyed because of the anointing oil.

He has come to Aiath,

He has passed Migron;

At Michmash he has attended to his equipment.

29They have gone along the ridge,

They have taken up lodging at Geba.

Ramah is afraid,

Gibeah of Saul has fled.

30Lift up your voice,

O daughter of Gallim!

Cause it to be heard as far as Laish—

O poor Anathoth!

31Madmenah has fled,

The inhabitants of Gebim seek refuge.

32As yet he will remain at Nob that day;

He will shake his fist at the mount of the daughter of Zion,

The hill of Jerusalem.

33Behold, the Lord,

The LORD of hosts,

Will lop off the bough with terror;

Those of high stature will be hewn down,

And the haughty will be humbled.

34He will cut down the thickets of the forest with iron,

And Lebanon will fall by the Mighty One.

The Reign of Jesse’s Offspring

There shall come forth a Rod from the stem of Jesse,

And a Branch shall grow out of his roots.

2The Spirit of the LORD shall rest upon Him,

The Spirit of wisdom and understanding,

The Spirit of counsel and might,

The Spirit of knowledge and of the fear of the LORD.

3His delight is in the fear of the LORD,

And He shall not judge by the sight of His eyes,

Nor decide by the hearing of His ears;

4But with righteousness He shall judge the poor,

And decide with equity for the meek of the earth;

He shall strike the earth with the rod of His mouth,

And with the breath of His lips He shall slay the wicked.

5Righteousness shall be the belt of His loins,

And faithfulness the belt of His waist.

“The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb,

The leopard shall lie down with the young goat,

The calf and the young lion and the fathng together;

And a little child shall lead them.

7The cow and the bear shall graze;

Their young ones shall lie down together;

And the lion shall eat straw like the ox.

8The nursing child shall play by the cobra’s hole,

And the weaned child shall put his hand in the viper’s den.

9They shall not hurt nor destroy in all My holy mountain,

For the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the LORD

As the waters cover the sea.

“And in that day there shall be a Root of Jesse,

Who shall stand as a banner to the people;

For the Gentiles shall seek Him,

And His resting place shall be glorious.”

11It shall come to pass in that day

That the Lord shall set His hand again the second time

To recover the remnant of His people who are left,

From Assyria and Egypt,

From Pathros and Cush,

From Elam and Shinar,

From Hamath and the islands of the sea.

12He will set up a banner for the nations,

And will assemble the outcasts of Israel,

And gather together the dispersed of Judah

From the four corners of the earth.

13Also the envy of Ephraim shall depart,

And the adversaries of Judah shall be cut off;

Ephraim shall not envy Judah,

And Judah shall not harass Ephraim.

14But they shall fly down upon the shoulder of the Philistines toward the west;

Together they shall plunder the people of the East;

They shall lay their hand on Edom and Moab;

And the people of Ammon shall obey them.

15The LORD will utterly destroy the tongue of the Sea of Egypt;

With His mighty wind He will shake His fist over the River,

And strike it in the seven streams,

And make men cross over dry-shod.

There will be a highway for the remnant of His people

Who will be left from Assyria,

As it was for Israel

In the day that he came up from the land of Egypt.

A Hymn of Praise

And in that day you will say:

“O LORD, I will praise You;

Though You were angry with me,

Your anger is turned away, and You comfort me.

Behold, God is my salvation,

I will trust and not be afraid;

‘For YAH, the LORD, is my strength and song;

He also has become my salvation.’ ”

3Therefore with joy you will draw water

From the wells of salvation.

4And in that day you will say:

“Praise the LORD, call upon His name;

Declare His deeds among the peoples,

Make mention that His name is exalted.

5Sing to the LORD,

For He has done excellent things;

This is known in all the earth.

Cry out and shout, O inhabitant of Zion,

For great is the Holy One of Israel in your midst!”

Proclamation Against Babylon

The burden against Babylon which Isaiah the son of Amoz saw.

“Lift up a banner on the high mountain,

Raise your voice to them;

Wave your hand, that they may enter the gates of the nobles.

3I have commanded My sanctified ones;

I have also called My mighty ones for My anger—

Those who rejoice in My exaltation.”

4The noise of a multitude in the mountains,

Like that of many people!

A tumultuous noise of the kingdoms of nations gathered together!

The LORD of hosts musters

The army for battle.

5They come from a far country,

From the end of heaven—

The LORD and His weapons of indignation,

To destroy the whole land.

Wail, for the day of the LORD is at hand!

It will come as destruction from the Almighty.

7Therefore all hands will be limp,

Every man’s heart will melt,

And they will be afraid.

Pangs and sorrows will take hold of them;

They will be in pain as a woman in childbirth;

They will be amazed at one another;

Their faces will be like flames.

9Behold, the day of the LORD comes,

Cruel, with both wrath and fierce anger,

To lay the land desolate;

And He will destroy its sinners from it.

10For the stars of heaven and their constellations

Will not give their light;

The sun will be darkened in its going forth,

And the moon will not cause its light to shine.

“I will punish the world for its evil,

And the wicked for their iniquity;

I will halt the arrogance of the proud,

And will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible.

12I will make a mortal more rare than fine gold,

A man more than the golden wedge of Ophir.

13Therefore I will shake the heavens,

And the earth will move out of her place,

In the wrath of the LORD of hosts

And in the day of His fierce anger.

14It shall be as the hunted gazelle,

And as a sheep that no man takes up;

Every man will turn to his own people,

And everyone will flee to his own land.

15Everyone who is found will be thrust through,

And everyone who is captured will fall by the sword.

16Their children also will be dashed to pieces before their eyes;

Their houses will be plundered

And their wives ravished.

17“Behold, I will stir up the Medes against them,

Who will not regard silver;

And as for gold, they will not delight in it.

18Also their bows will dash the young men to pieces,

And they will have no pity on the fruit of the womb;

Their eye will not spare children.

19And Babylon, the glory of kingdoms,

The beauty of the Chaldeans’ pride,

Will be as when God overthrew Sodom and Gomorrah.

20It will never be inhabited,

Nor will it be settled from generation to generation;

Nor will the Arabian pitch tents there,

Nor will the shepherds make their sheepfolds there.

21But wild beasts of the desert will lie there,

And their houses will be full of owls;

Ostriches will dwell there,

And wild goats will caper there.

22The hyenas will howl in their citadels,

And jackals in their pleasant palaces.

Her time is near to come,

And her days will not be prolonged.”

Mercy on Jacob

For the LORD will have mercy on Jacob, and will still choose Israel, and settle them in their own land. The strangers will be joined with them, and they will cling to the house of Jacob.

2Then people will take them and bring them to their place, and the house of Israel will possess them for servants and maids in the land of the LORD; they will take them captive whose captives they were, and rule over their oppressors.

Fall of the King of Babylon

It shall come to pass in the day the LORD gives you rest from your sorrow, and from your fear and the hard bondage in which you were made to serve,

4that you will take up this proverb against the king of Babylon, and say:

“How the oppressor has ceased,

The golden city ceased!

5The LORD has broken the staff of the wicked,

The scepter of the rulers;

6He who struck the people in wrath with a continual stroke,

He who ruled the nations in anger,

Is persecuted and no one hinders.

7The whole earth is at rest and quiet;

They break forth into singing.

8Indeed the cypress trees rejoice over you,

And the cedars of Lebanon,

Saying, ‘Since you were cut down,

No woodsman has come up against us.’

9“Hell from beneath is excited about you,

To meet you at your coming;

It stirs up the dead for you,

All the chief ones of the earth;

It has raised up from their thrones

All the kings of the nations.

10They all shall speak and say to you:

‘Have you also become as weak as we?

Have you become like us?

11Your pomp is brought down to Sheol,

And the sound of your stringed instruments;

The maggot is spread under you,

And worms cover you.’

The Fall of Lucifer

“How you are fallen from heaven,

O Lucifer, son of the morning!

How you are cut down to the ground,

You who weakened the nations!

13For you have said in your heart:

‘I will ascend into heaven,

I will exalt my throne above the stars of God;

I will also sit on the mount of the congregation

On the farthest sides of the north;

14I will ascend above the heights of the clouds,

I will be like the Most High.’

15Yet you shall be brought down to Sheol,

To the lowest depths of the Pit.

16“Those who see you will gaze at you,

And consider you, saying:

‘Is this the man who made the earth tremble,

Who shook kingdoms,

17Who made the world as a wilderness

And destroyed its cities,

Who did not open the house of his prisoners?’

18“All the kings of the nations,

All of them, sleep in glory,

Everyone in his own house;

19But you are cast out of your grave

Like an abominable branch,

Like the garment of those who are slain,

Thrust through with a sword,

Who go down to the stones of the pit,

Like a corpse trodden underfoot.

20You will not be joined with them in burial,

Because you have destroyed your land

And slain your people.

The brood of evildoers shall never be named.

21Prepare slaughter for his children

Because of the iniquity of their fathers,

Lest they rise up and possess the land,

And fill the face of the world with cities.”

Babylon Destroyed

22“For I will rise up against them,” says the LORD of hosts,

“And cut off from Babylon the name and remnant,

And offspring and posterity,” says the LORD.

23“I will also make it a possession for the porcupine,

And marshes of muddy water;

I will sweep it with the broom of destruction,” says the LORD of hosts.

Assyria Destroyed

The LORD of hosts has sworn, saying,

“Surely, as I have thought, so it shall come to pass,

And as I have purposed, so it shall stand:

25That I will break the Assyrian in My land,

And on My mountains tread him underfoot.

Then his yoke shall be removed from them,

And his burden removed from their shoulders.

26This is the purpose that is purposed against the whole earth,

And this is the hand that is stretched out over all the nations.

27For the LORD of hosts has purposed,

And who will annul it?

His hand is stretched out,

And who will turn it back?”

Philistia Destroyed

This is the burden which came in the year that King Ahaz died.

29“Do not rejoice, all you of Philistia,

Because the rod that struck you is broken;

For out of the serpent’s roots will come forth a viper,

And its offspring will be a fiery flying serpent.

30The firstborn of the poor will feed,

And the needy will lie down in safety;

I will kill your roots with famine,

And it will slay your remnant.

31Wail, O gate! Cry, O city!

All you of Philistia are dissolved;

For smoke will come from the north,

And no one will be alone in his appointed times.”

32What will they answer the messengers of the nation?

That the LORD has founded Zion,

And the poor of His people shall take refuge in it.

Proclamation Against Moab

The burden against Moab.

Because in the night Ar of Moab is laid waste

And destroyed,

Because in the night Kir of Moab is laid waste

And destroyed,

2He has gone up to the temple and Dibon,

To the high places to weep.

Moab will wail over Nebo and over Medeba;

On all their heads will be baldness,

And every beard cut off.

3In their streets they will clothe themselves with sackcloth;

On the tops of their houses

And in their streets

Everyone will wail, weeping bitterly.

4Heshbon and Elealeh will cry out,

Their voice shall be heard as far as Jahaz;

Therefore the armed soldiers of Moab will cry out;

His life will be burdensome to him.

5“My heart will cry out for Moab;

His fugitives shall flee to Zoar,

Like a three-year-old heifer.

For by the Ascent of Luhith

They will go up with weeping;

For in the way of Horonaim

They will raise up a cry of destruction,

6For the waters of Nimrim will be desolate,

For the green grass has withered away;

The grass fails, there is nothing green.

7Therefore the abundance they have gained,

And what they have laid up,

They will carry away to the Brook of the Willows.

8For the cry has gone all around the borders of Moab,

Its wailing to Eglaim

And its wailing to Beer Elim.

9For the waters of Dimon will be full of blood;

Because I will bring more upon Dimon,

Lions upon him who escapes from Moab,

And on the remnant of the land.”

Moab Destroyed

Send the lamb to the ruler of the land,

From Sela to the wilderness,

To the mount of the daughter of Zion.

2For it shall be as a wandering bird thrown out of the nest;

So shall be the daughters of Moab at the fords of the Arnon.

“Take counsel, execute judgment;

Make your shadow like the night in the middle of the day;

Hide the outcasts,

Do not betray him who escapes.

Let My outcasts dwell with you, O Moab;

Be a shelter to them from the face of the spoiler.

For the extortioner is at an end,

Devastation ceases,

The oppressors are consumed out of the land.

5In mercy the throne will be established;

And One will sit on it in truth, in the tabernacle of David,

Judging and seeking justice and hastening righteousness.”

We have heard of the pride of Moab—

He is very proud—

Of his haughtiness and his pride and his wrath;

But his lies shall not be so.

7Therefore Moab shall wail for Moab;

Everyone shall wail.

For the foundations of Kir Hareseth you shall mourn;

Surely they are stricken.

8For the fields of Heshbon languish,

And the vine of Sibmah;

The lords of the nations have broken down its choice plants,

Which have reached to Jazer

And wandered through the wilderness.

Her branches are stretched out,

They are gone over the sea.

9Therefore I will bewail the vine of Sibmah,

With the weeping of Jazer;

I will drench you with my tears,

O Heshbon and Elealeh;

For battle cries have fallen

Over your summer fruits and your harvest.

10Gladness is taken away,

And joy from the plentiful field;

In the vineyards there will be no singing,

Nor will there be shouting;

No treaders will tread out wine in the presses;

I have made their shouting cease.

11Therefore my heart shall resound like a harp for Moab,

And my inner being for Kir Heres.

12And it shall come to pass,

When it is seen that Moab is weary on the high place,

That he will come to his sanctuary to pray;

But he will not prevail.

13This is the word which the LORD has spoken concerning Moab since that time.

14But now the LORD has spoken, saying, “Within three years, as the years of a hired man, the glory of Moab will be despised with all that great multitude, and the remnant will be very small and feeble.”

Proclamation Against Syria and Israel

The burden against Damascus.

“Behold, Damascus will cease from being a city,

And it will be a ruinous heap.

2The cities of Aroer are forsaken;

They will be for flocks

Which lie down, and no one will make them afraid.

The fortress also will cease from Ephraim,

The kingdom from Damascus,

And the remnant of Syria;

They will be as the glory of the children of Israel,”

Says the LORD of hosts.

4“In that day it shall come to pass

That the glory of Jacob will wane,

And the fatness of his flesh grow lean.

5It shall be as when the harvester gathers the grain,

And reaps the heads with his arm;

It shall be as he who gathers heads of grain

In the Valley of Rephaim.

6Yet gleaning grapes will be left in it,

Like the shaking of an olive tree,

Two or three olives at the top of the uppermost bough,

Four or five in its most fruitful branches,”

Says the LORD God of Israel.

In that day a man will look to his Maker,

And his eyes will have respect for the Holy One of Israel.

8He will not look to the altars,

The work of his hands;

He will not respect what his fingers have made,

Nor the wooden images nor the incense altars.

9In that day his strong cities will be as a forsaken bough

And an uppermost branch,

Which they left because of the children of Israel;

And there will be desolation.

10Because you have forgotten the God of your salvation,

And have not been mindful of the Rock of your stronghold,

Therefore you will plant pleasant plants

And set out foreign seedlings;

11In the day you will make your plant to grow,

And in the morning you will make your seed to flourish;

But the harvest will be a heap of ruins

In the day of grief and desperate sorrow.

12Woe to the multitude of many people

Who make a noise like the roar of the seas,

And to the rushing of nations

That make a rushing like the rushing of mighty waters!

13The nations will rush like the rushing of many waters;

But God will rebuke them and they will flee far away,

And be chased like the chaff of the mountains before the wind,

Like a rolling thing before the whirlwind.

14Then behold, at eventide, trouble!

And before the morning, he is no more.

This is the portion of those who plunder us,

And the lot of those who rob us.

Proclamation Against Ethiopia

Woe to the land shadowed with buzzing wings,

Which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia,

2Which sends ambassadors by sea,

Even in vessels of reed on the waters, saying,

“Go, swift messengers, to a nation tall and smooth of skin,

To a people terrible from their beginning onward,

A nation powerful and treading down,

Whose land the rivers divide.”

3All inhabitants of the world and dwellers on the earth:

When he lifts up a banner on the mountains, you see it;

And when he blows a trumpet, you hear it.

For so the LORD said to me,

“I will take My rest,

And I will look from My dwelling place

Like clear heat in sunshine,

Like a cloud of dew in the heat of harvest.”

5For before the harvest, when the bud is perfect

And the sour grape is ripening in the flower,

He will both cut off the sprigs with pruning hooks

And take away and cut down the branches.

6They will be left together for the mountain birds of prey

And for the beasts of the earth;

The birds of prey will summer on them,

And all the beasts of the earth will winter on them.

In that time a present will be brought to the LORD of hosts

From a people tall and smooth of skin,

And from a people terrible from their beginning onward,

A nation powerful and treading down,

Whose land the rivers divide—

To the place of the name of the LORD of hosts,

To Mount Zion.

Proclamation Against Egypt

The burden against Egypt.

Behold, the LORD rides on a swift cloud,

And will come into Egypt;

The idols of Egypt will totter at His presence,

And the heart of Egypt will melt in its midst.

2“I will set Egyptians against Egyptians;

Everyone will fight against his brother,

And everyone against his neighbor,

City against city, kingdom against kingdom.

3The spirit of Egypt will fail in its midst;

I will destroy their counsel,

And they will consult the idols and the charmers,

The mediums and the sorcerers.

4And the Egyptians I will give

Into the hand of a cruel master,

And a fierce king will rule over them,”

Says the Lord, the LORD of hosts.

5The waters will fail from the sea,

And the river will be wasted and dried up.

6The rivers will turn foul;

The brooks of defense will be emptied and dried up;

The reeds and rushes will wither.

7The papyrus reeds by the River, by the mouth of the River,

And everything sown by the River,

Will wither, be driven away, and be no more.

8The fishermen also will mourn;

All those will lament who cast hooks into the River,

And they will languish who spread nets on the waters.

9Moreover those who work in fine flax

And those who weave fine fabric will be ashamed;

10And its foundations will be broken.

All who make wages will be troubled of soul.

11Surely the princes of Zoan are fools;

Pharaoh’s wise counselors give foolish counsel.

How do you say to Pharaoh, “I am the son of the wise,

The son of ancient kings?”

12Where are they?

Where are your wise men?

Let them tell you now,

And let them know what the LORD of hosts has purposed against Egypt.

13The princes of Zoan have become fools;

The princes of Noph are deceived;

They have also deluded Egypt,

Those who are the mainstay of its tribes.

14The LORD has mingled a perverse spirit in her midst;

And they have caused Egypt to err in all her work,

As a drunken man staggers in his vomit.

15Neither will there be any work for Egypt,

Which the head or tail,

Palm branch or bulrush, may do.

In that day Egypt will be like women, and will be afraid and fear because of the waving of the hand of the LORD of hosts, which He waves over it.

17And the land of Judah will be a terror to Egypt; everyone who makes mention of it will be afraid in himself, because of the counsel of the LORD of hosts which He has determined against it.

Egypt, Assyria, and Israel Blessed

18In that day five cities in the land of Egypt will speak the language of Canaan and swear by the LORD of hosts; one will be called the City of Destruction.

19In that day there will be an altar to the LORD in the midst of the land of Egypt, and a pillar to the LORD at its border.

20And it will be for a sign and for a witness to the LORD of hosts in the land of Egypt; for they will cry to the LORD because of the oppressors, and He will send them a Savior and a Mighty One, and He will deliver them.

21Then the LORD will be known to Egypt, and the Egyptians will know the LORD in that day, and will make sacrifice and offering; yes, they will make a vow to the LORD and perform it.

And the LORD will strike Egypt, He will strike and heal it; they will return to the LORD, and He will be entreated by them and heal them.

23In that day there will be a highway from Egypt to Assyria, and the Assyrian will come into Egypt and the Egyptian into Assyria, and the Egyptians will serve with the Assyrians.

24In that day Israel will be one of three with Egypt and Assyria—a blessing in the midst of the land,

25whom the LORD of hosts shall bless, saying, “Blessed is Egypt My people, and Assyria the work of My hands, and Israel My inheritance.”

The Sign Against Egypt and Ethiopia

In the year that Tartan came to Ashdod, when Sargon the king of Assyria sent him, and he fought against Ashdod and took it,

2at the same time the LORD spoke by Isaiah the son of Amoz, saying, “Go, and remove the sackcloth from your body, and take your sandals off your feet.” And he did so, walking naked and barefoot.

3Then the LORD said, “Just as My servant Isaiah has walked naked and barefoot three years for a sign and a wonder against Egypt and Ethiopia,

4“so shall the king of Assyria lead away the Egyptians as prisoners and the Ethiopians as captives, young and old, naked and barefoot, with their buttocks uncovered, to the shame of Egypt.

5“Then they shall be afraid and ashamed of Ethiopia their expectation and Egypt their glory.

6“And the inhabitant of this territory will say in that day, ‘Surely such is our expectation, wherever we flee for help to be delivered from the king of Assyria; and how shall we escape?’ ”

The Fall of Babylon Proclaimed

The burden against the Wilderness of the Sea.

As whirlwinds in the South pass through,

So it comes from the desert, from a terrible land.

2A distressing vision is declared to me;

The treacherous dealer deals treacherously,

And the plunderer plunders.

Go up, O Elam!

Besiege, O Media!

All its sighing I have made to cease.

Therefore my loins are filled with pain;

Pangs have taken hold of me, like the pangs of a woman in labor.

I was distressed when I heard it;

I was dismayed when I saw it.

4My heart wavered, fearfulness frightened me;

The night for which I longed He turned into fear for me.

5Prepare the table,

Set a watchman in the tower,

Eat and drink.

Arise, you princes,

Anoint the shield!

For thus has the Lord said to me:

“Go, set a watchman,

Let him declare what he sees.”

7And he saw a chariot with a pair of horsemen,

A chariot of donkeys, and a chariot of camels,

And he listened earnestly with great care.

8Then he cried, “A lion, my Lord!

I stand continually on the watchtower in the daytime;

I have sat at my post every night.

9And look, here comes a chariot of men with a pair of horsemen!”

Then he answered and said,

“Babylon is fallen, is fallen!

And all the carved images of her gods

He has broken to the ground.”

10Oh, my threshing and the grain of my floor!

That which I have heard from the LORD of hosts,

The God of Israel,

I have declared to you.

Proclamation Against Edom

The burden against Dumah.

He calls to me out of Seir,

“Watchman, what of the night?

Watchman, what of the night?”

The watchman said,

“The morning comes, and also the night.

If you will inquire, inquire;

Return! Come back!”

Proclamation Against Arabia

The burden against Arabia.

In the forest in Arabia you will lodge,

O you traveling companies of Dedanites.

14O inhabitants of the land of Tema,

Bring water to him who is thirsty;

With their bread they met him who fled.

15For they fled from the swords, from the drawn sword,

From the bent bow, and from the distress of war.

16For thus the LORD has said to me: “Within a year, according to the year of a hired man, all the glory of Kedar will fail;

17“and the remainder of the number of archers, the mighty men of the people of Kedar, will be diminished; for the LORD God of Israel has spoken it.”

Proclamation Against Jerusalem

The burden against the Valley of Vision.

What ails you now, that you have all gone up to the housetops,

2You who are full of noise,

A tumultuous city, a joyous city?

Your slain men are not slain with the sword,

Nor dead in battle.

3All your rulers have fled together;

They are captured by the archers.

All who are found in you are bound together;

They have fled from afar.

4Therefore I said, “Look away from me,

I will weep bitterly;

Do not labor to comfort me

Because of the plundering of the daughter of my people.”

5For it is a day of trouble and treading down and perplexity

By the Lord GOD of hosts

In the Valley of Vision—

Breaking down the walls

And of crying to the mountain.

6Elam bore the quiver

With chariots of men and horsemen,

And Kir uncovered the shield.

7It shall come to pass that your choicest valleys

Shall be full of chariots,

And the horsemen shall set themselves in array at the gate.

8He removed the protection of Judah.

You looked in that day to the armor of the House of the Forest;

9You also saw the damage to the city of David,

That it was great;

And you gathered together the waters of the lower pool.

10You numbered the houses of Jerusalem,

And the houses you broke down

To fortify the wall.

You also made a reservoir between the two walls

For the water of the old pool.

But you did not look to its Maker,

Nor did you have respect for Him who fashioned it long ago.

12And in that day the Lord GOD of hosts

Called for weeping and for mourning,

For baldness and for girding with sackcloth.

13But instead, joy and gladness,

Slaying oxen and killing sheep,

Eating meat and drinking wine:

“Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!”

14Then it was revealed in my hearing by the LORD of hosts,

“Surely for this iniquity there will be no atonement for you,

Even to your death,” says the Lord GOD of hosts.

The Judgment on Shebna

Thus says the Lord GOD of hosts:

“Go, proceed to this steward,

To Shebna, who is over the house, and say:

16‘What have you here, and whom have you here,

That you have hewn a sepulcher here,

As he who hews himself a sepulcher on high,

Who carves a tomb for himself in a rock?

17Indeed, the LORD will throw you away violently,

O mighty man,

And will surely seize you.

18He will surely turn violently and toss you like a ball

Into a large country;

There you shall die, and there your glorious chariots

Shall be the shame of your master’s house.

19So I will drive you out of your office,

And from your position he will pull you down.

‘Then it shall be in that day,

That I will call My servant Eliakim the son of Hilkiah;

21I will clothe him with your robe

And strengthen him with your belt;

I will commit your responsibility into his hand.

He shall be a father to the inhabitants of Jerusalem

And to the house of Judah.

22The key of the house of David

I will lay on his shoulder;

So he shall open, and no one shall shut;

And he shall shut, and no one shall open.

23I will fasten him as a peg in a secure place,

And he will become a glorious throne to his father’s house.

24‘They will hang on him all the glory of his father’s house, the offspring and the posterity, all vessels of small quantity, from the cups to all the pitchers.

25‘In that day,’ says the LORD of hosts, ‘the peg that is fastened in the secure place will be removed and be cut down and fall, and the burden that was on it will be cut off; for the LORD has spoken.’ ”

Proclamation Against Tyre

The burden against Tyre.

Wail, you ships of Tarshish!

For it is laid waste,

So that there is no house, no harbor;

From the land of Cyprus it is revealed to them.

2Be still, you inhabitants of the coastland,

You merchants of Sidon,

Whom those who cross the sea have filled.

3And on great waters the grain of Shihor,

The harvest of the River, is her revenue;

And she is a marketplace for the nations.

4Be ashamed, O Sidon;

For the sea has spoken,

The strength of the sea, saying,

“I do not labor, nor bring forth children;

Neither do I rear young men,

Nor bring up virgins.”

5When the report reaches Egypt,

They also will be in agony at the report of Tyre.

6Cross over to Tarshish;

Wail, you inhabitants of the coastland!

7Is this your joyous city,

Whose antiquity is from ancient days,

Whose feet carried her far off to dwell?

Who has taken this counsel against Tyre, the crowning city,

Whose merchants are princes,

Whose traders are the honorable of the earth?

9The LORD of hosts has purposed it,

To bring to dishonor the pride of all glory,

To bring into contempt all the honorable of the earth.

10Overflow through your land like the River,

O daughter of Tarshish;

There is no more strength.

11He stretched out His hand over the sea,

He shook the kingdoms;

The LORD has given a commandment against Canaan

To destroy its strongholds.

12And He said, “You will rejoice no more,

O you oppressed virgin daughter of Sidon.

Arise, cross over to Cyprus;

There also you will have no rest.”

13Behold, the land of the Chaldeans,

This people which was not;

Assyria founded it for wild beasts of the desert.

They set up its towers,

They raised up its palaces,

And brought it to ruin.

14Wail, you ships of Tarshish!

For your strength is laid waste.

Now it shall come to pass in that day that Tyre will be forgotten seventy years, according to the days of one king. At the end of seventy years it will happen to Tyre as in the song of the harlot:

16“Take a harp, go about the city,

You forgotten harlot;

Make sweet melody, sing many songs,

That you may be remembered.”

17And it shall be, at the end of seventy years, that the LORD will deal with Tyre. She will return to her hire, and commit fornication with all the kingdoms of the world on the face of the earth.

18Her gain and her pay will be set apart for the LORD; it will not be treasured nor laid up, for her gain will be for those who dwell before the LORD, to eat sufficiently, and for fine clothing.

Impending Judgment on the Earth

Behold, the LORD makes the earth empty and makes it waste,

Distorts its surface

And scatters abroad its inhabitants.

And it shall be:

As with the people, so with the priest;

As with the servant, so with his master;

As with the maid, so with her mistress;

As with the buyer, so with the seller;

As with the lender, so with the borrower;

As with the creditor, so with the debtor.

3The land shall be entirely emptied and utterly plundered,

For the LORD has spoken this word.

4The earth mourns and fades away,

The world languishes and fades away;

The haughty people of the earth languish.

5The earth is also defiled under its inhabitants,

Because they have transgressed the laws,

Changed the ordinance,

Broken the everlasting covenant.

Therefore the curse has devoured the earth,

And those who dwell in it are desolate.

Therefore the inhabitants of the earth are burned,

And few men are left.

7The new wine fails, the vine languishes,

All the merry-hearted sigh.

8The mirth of the tambourine ceases,

The noise of the jubilant ends,

The joy of the harp ceases.

9They shall not drink wine with a song;

Strong drink is bitter to those who drink it.

10The city of confusion is broken down;

Every house is shut up, so that none may go in.

11There is a cry for wine in the streets,

All joy is darkened,

The mirth of the land is gone.

12In the city desolation is left,

And the gate is stricken with destruction.

13When it shall be thus in the midst of the land among the people,

It shall be like the shaking of an olive tree,

Like the gleaning of grapes when the vintage is done.

They shall lift up their voice, they shall sing;

For the majesty of the LORD

They shall cry aloud from the sea.

15Therefore glorify the LORD in the dawning light,

The name of the LORD God of Israel in the coastlands of the sea.

16From the ends of the earth we have heard songs:

“Glory to the righteous!”

But I said, “I am ruined, ruined!

Woe to me!

The treacherous dealers have dealt treacherously,

Indeed, the treacherous dealers have dealt very treacherously.”

17Fear and the pit and the snare

Are upon you, O inhabitant of the earth.

And it shall be

That he who flees from the noise of the fear

Shall fall into the pit,

And he who comes up from the midst of the pit

Shall be caught in the snare;

For the windows from on high are open,

And the foundations of the earth are shaken.

19The earth is violently broken,

The earth is split open,

The earth is shaken exceedingly.

20The earth shall reel to and fro like a drunkard,

And shall totter like a hut;

Its transgression shall be heavy upon it,

And it will fall, and not rise again.

It shall come to pass in that day

That the LORD will punish on high the host of exalted ones,

And on the earth the kings of the earth.

22They will be gathered together,

As prisoners are gathered in the pit,

And will be shut up in the prison;

After many days they will be punished.

23Then the moon will be disgraced

And the sun ashamed;

For the LORD of hosts will reign

On Mount Zion and in Jerusalem

And before His elders, gloriously.

Praise to God

O LORD, You are my God.

I will exalt You,

I will praise Your name,

For You have done wonderful things;

Your counsels of old are faithfulness and truth.

2For You have made a city a ruin,

A fortified city a ruin,

A palace of foreigners to be a city no more;

It will never be rebuilt.

3Therefore the strong people will glorify You;

The city of the terrible nations will fear You.

For You have been a strength to the poor,

A strength to the needy in his distress,

A refuge from the storm,

A shade from the heat;

For the blast of the terrible ones is as a storm against the wall.

5You will reduce the noise of aliens,

As heat in a dry place;

As heat in the shadow of a cloud,

The song of the terrible ones will be diminished.

And in this mountain

The LORD of hosts will make for all people

A feast of choice pieces,

A feast of wines on the lees,

Of fat things full of marrow,

Of well-refined wines on the lees.

7And He will destroy on this mountain

The surface of the covering cast over all people,

And the veil that is spread over all nations.

8He will swallow up death forever,

And the Lord GOD will wipe away tears from all faces;

The rebuke of His people

He will take away from all the earth;

For the LORD has spoken.

9And it will be said in that day:

“Behold, this is our God;

We have waited for Him, and He will save us.

This is the LORD;

We have waited for Him;

We will be glad and rejoice in His salvation.”

10For on this mountain the hand of the LORD will rest,

And Moab shall be trampled down under Him,

As straw is trampled down for the refuse heap.

11And He will spread out His hands in their midst

As a swimmer reaches out to swim,

And He will bring down their pride

Together with the trickery of their hands.

The fortress of the high fort of your walls

He will bring down, lay low,

And bring to the ground, down to the dust.

A Song of Salvation

In that day this song will be sung in the land of Judah:

“We have a strong city;

God will appoint salvation for walls and bulwarks.

Open the gates,

That the righteous nation which keeps the truth may enter in.

3You will keep him in perfect peace,

Whose mind is stayed on You,

Because he trusts in You.

4Trust in the LORD forever,

For in YAH, the LORD, is everlasting strength.

5For He brings down those who dwell on high,

The lofty city;

He lays it low,

He lays it low to the ground,

He brings it down to the dust.

6The foot shall tread it down—

The feet of the poor

And the steps of the needy.”

The way of the just is uprightness;

O Most Upright,

You weigh the path of the just.

8Yes, in the way of Your judgments,

O LORD, we have waited for You;

The desire of our soul is for Your name

And for the remembrance of You.

With my soul I have desired You in the night,

Yes, by my spirit within me I will seek You early;

For when Your judgments are in the earth,

The inhabitants of the world will learn righteousness.

10Let grace be shown to the wicked,

Yet he will not learn righteousness;

In the land of uprightness he will deal unjustly,

And will not behold the majesty of the LORD.

11LORD, when Your hand is lifted up, they will not see.

But they will see and be ashamed

For their envy of people;

Yes, the fire of Your enemies shall devour them.

LORD, You will establish peace for us,

For You have also done all our works in us.

13O LORD our God, masters besides You

Have had dominion over us;

But by You only we make mention of Your name.

14They are dead, they will not live;

They are deceased, they will not rise.

Therefore You have punished and destroyed them,

And made all their memory to perish.

15You have increased the nation, O LORD,

You have increased the nation;

You are glorified;

You have expanded all the borders of the land.

16LORD, in trouble they have visited You,

They poured out a prayer when Your chastening was upon them.

17As a woman with child

Is in pain and cries out in her pangs,

When she draws near the time of her delivery,

So have we been in Your sight, O LORD.

18We have been with child, we have been in pain;

We have, as it were, brought forth wind;

We have not accomplished any deliverance in the earth,

Nor have the inhabitants of the world fallen.

Your dead shall live;

Together with my dead body they shall arise.

Awake and sing, you who dwell in dust;

For your dew is like the dew of herbs,

And the earth shall cast out the dead.

Take Refuge from the Coming Judgment

20Come, my people, enter your chambers,

And shut your doors behind you;

Hide yourself, as it were, for a little moment,

Until the indignation is past.

21For behold, the LORD comes out of His place

To punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity;

The earth will also disclose her blood,

And will no more cover her slain.

In that day the LORD with His severe sword, great and strong,

Will punish Leviathan the fleeing serpent,

Leviathan that twisted serpent;

And He will slay the reptile that is in the sea.

The Restoration of Israel

In that day sing to her,

“A vineyard of red wine!

3I, the LORD, keep it,

I water it every moment;

Lest any hurt it,

I keep it night and day.

4Fury is not in Me.

Who would set briers and thorns

Against Me in battle?

I would go through them,

I would burn them together.

5Or let him take hold of My strength,

That he may make peace with Me;

And he shall make peace with Me.”

Those who come He shall cause to take root in Jacob;

Israel shall blossom and bud,

And fill the face of the world with fruit.

7Has He struck Israel as He struck those who struck him?

Or has He been slain according to the slaughter of those who were slain by Him?

8In measure, by sending it away,

You contended with it.

He removes it by His rough wind

In the day of the east wind.

Therefore by this the iniquity of Jacob will be covered;

And this is all the fruit of taking away his sin:

When he makes all the stones of the altar

Like chalkstones that are beaten to dust,

Wooden images and incense altars shall not stand.

10Yet the fortified city will be desolate,

The habitation forsaken and left like a wilderness;

There the calf will feed, and there it will lie down

And consume its branches.

11When its boughs are withered, they will be broken off;

The women come and set them on fire.

For it is a people of no understanding;

Therefore He who made them will not have mercy on them,

And He who formed them will show them no favor.

And it shall come to pass in that day

That the LORD will thresh,

From the channel of the River to the Brook of Egypt;

And you will be gathered one by one,

O you children of Israel.

So it shall be in that day:

The great trumpet will be blown;

They will come, who are about to perish in the land of Assyria,

And they who are outcasts in the land of Egypt,

And shall worship the LORD in the holy mount at Jerusalem.

Woe to Ephraim and Jerusalem

Woe to the crown of pride, to the drunkards of Ephraim,

Whose glorious beauty is a fading flower

Which is at the head of the verdant valleys,

To those who are overcome with wine!

2Behold, the Lord has a mighty and strong one,

Like a tempest of hail and a destroying storm,

Like a flood of mighty waters overflowing,

Who will bring them down to the earth with His hand.

3The crown of pride, the drunkards of Ephraim,

Will be trampled underfoot;

And the glorious beauty is a fading flower

Which is at the head of the verdant valley,

Like the first fruit before the summer,

Which an observer sees;

He eats it up while it is still in his hand.

In that day the LORD of hosts will be

For a crown of glory and a diadem of beauty

To the remnant of His people,

6For a spirit of justice to him who sits in judgment,

And for strength to those who turn back the battle at the gate.

7But they also have erred through wine,

And through intoxicating drink are out of the way;

The priest and the prophet have erred through intoxicating drink,

They are swallowed up by wine,

They are out of the way through intoxicating drink;

They err in vision, they stumble in judgment.

8For all tables are full of vomit and filth;

No place is clean.

“Whom will he teach knowledge?

And whom will he make to understand the message?

Those just weaned from milk?

Those just drawn from the breasts?

10For precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept,

Line upon line, line upon line,

Here a little, there a little.”

11For with stammering lips and another tongue

He will speak to this people,

To whom He said, “This is the rest with which

You may cause the weary to rest,”

And, “This is the refreshing”;

Yet they would not hear.

13But the word of the LORD was to them,

“Precept upon precept, precept upon precept,

Line upon line, line upon line,

Here a little, there a little,”

That they might go and fall backward, and be broken

And snared and caught.

14Therefore hear the word of the LORD, you scornful men,

Who rule this people who are in Jerusalem,

15Because you have said, “We have made a covenant with death,

And with Sheol we are in agreement.

When the overflowing scourge passes through,

It will not come to us,

For we have made lies our refuge,

And under falsehood we have hidden ourselves.”

A Cornerstone in Zion

16Therefore thus says the Lord GOD:

“Behold, I lay in Zion a stone for a foundation,

A tried stone, a precious cornerstone, a sure foundation;

Whoever believes will not act hastily.

17Also I will make justice the measuring line,

And righteousness the plummet;

The hail will sweep away the refuge of lies,

And the waters will overflow the hiding place.

18Your covenant with death will be annulled,

And your agreement with Sheol will not stand;

When the overflowing scourge passes through,

Then you will be trampled down by it.

19As often as it goes out it will take you;

For morning by morning it will pass over,

And by day and by night;

It will be a terror just to understand the report.”

20For the bed is too short to stretch out on,

And the covering so narrow that one cannot wrap himself in it.

For the LORD will rise up as at Mount Perazim,

He will be angry as in the Valley of Gibeon—

That He may do His work, His awesome work,

And bring to pass His act, His unusual act.

22Now therefore, do not be mockers,

Lest your bonds be made strong;

For I have heard from the Lord GOD of hosts,

A destruction determined even upon the whole earth.

Listen to the Teaching of God

23Give ear and hear my voice,

Listen and hear my speech.

24Does the plowman keep plowing all day to sow?

Does he keep turning his soil and breaking the clods?

25When he has leveled its surface,

Does he not sow the black cummin

And scatter the cummin,

Plant the wheat in rows,

The barley in the appointed place,

And the spelt in its place?

26For He instructs him in right judgment,

His God teaches him.

27For the black cummin is not threshed with a threshing sledge,

Nor is a cartwheel rolled over the cummin;

But the black cummin is beaten out with a stick,

And the cummin with a rod.

28Bread flour must be ground;

Therefore he does not thresh it forever,

Break it with his cartwheel,

Or crush it with his horsemen.

29This also comes from the LORD of hosts,

Who is wonderful in counsel and excellent in guidance.

Woe to Jerusalem

“Woe to Ariel, to Ariel, the city where David dwelt!

Add year to year;

Let feasts come around.

Yet I will distress Ariel;

There shall be heaviness and sorrow,

And it shall be to Me as Ariel.

3I will encamp against you all around,

I will lay siege against you with a mound,

And I will raise siegeworks against you.

4You shall be brought down,

You shall speak out of the ground;

Your speech shall be low, out of the dust;

Your voice shall be like a medium’s, out of the ground;

And your speech shall whisper out of the dust.

5“Moreover the multitude of your foes

Shall be like fine dust,

And the multitude of the terrible ones

Like chaff that passes away;

Yes, it shall be in an instant, suddenly.

6You will be punished by the LORD of hosts

With thunder and earthquake and great noise,

With storm and tempest

And the flame of devouring fire.

7The multitude of all the nations who fight against Ariel,

Even all who fight against her and her fortress,

And distress her,

Shall be as a dream of a night vision.

8It shall even be as when a hungry man dreams,

And look—he eats;

But he awakes, and his soul is still empty;

Or as when a thirsty man dreams,

And look—he drinks;

But he awakes, and indeed he is faint,

And his soul still craves:

So the multitude of all the nations shall be,

Who fight against Mount Zion.”

The Blindness of Disobedience

9Pause and wonder!

Blind yourselves and be blind!

They are drunk, but not with wine;

They stagger, but not with intoxicating drink.

10For the LORD has poured out on you

The spirit of deep sleep,

And has closed your eyes, namely, the prophets;

And He has covered your heads, namely, the seers.

11The whole vision has become to you like the words of a book that is sealed, which men deliver to one who is literate, saying, “Read this, please.” And he says, “I cannot, for it is sealed.”

12Then the book is delivered to one who is illiterate, saying, “Read this, please.” And he says, “I am not literate.”

Therefore the Lord said:

“Inasmuch as these people draw near with their mouths

And honor Me with their lips,

But have removed their hearts far from Me,

And their fear toward Me is taught by the commandment of men,

14Therefore, behold, I will again do a marvelous work

Among this people,

A marvelous work and a wonder;

For the wisdom of their wise men shall perish,

And the understanding of their prudent men shall be hidden.”

Woe to those who seek deep to hide their counsel far from the LORD,

And their works are in the dark;

They say, “Who sees us?” and, “Who knows us?”

16Surely you have things turned around!

Shall the potter be esteemed as the clay;

For shall the thing made say of him who made it,

“He did not make me”?

Or shall the thing formed say of him who formed it,

“He has no understanding”?

Future Recovery of Wisdom

Is it not yet a very little while

Till Lebanon shall be turned into a fruitful field,

And the fruitful field be esteemed as a forest?

18In that day the deaf shall hear the words of the book,

And the eyes of the blind shall see out of obscurity and out of darkness.

19The humble also shall increase their joy in the LORD,

And the poor among men shall rejoice

In the Holy One of Israel.

20For the terrible one is brought to nothing,

The scornful one is consumed,

And all who watch for iniquity are cut off—

21Who make a man an offender by a word,

And lay a snare for him who reproves in the gate,

And turn aside the just by empty words.

22Therefore thus says the LORD, who redeemed Abraham, concerning the house of Jacob:

“Jacob shall not now be ashamed,

Nor shall his face now grow pale;

23But when he sees his children,

The work of My hands, in his midst,

They will hallow My name,

And hallow the Holy One of Jacob,

And fear the God of Israel.

24These also who erred in spirit will come to understanding,

And those who complained will learn doctrine.”

Futile Confidence in Egypt

“Woe to the rebellious children,” says the LORD,

“Who take counsel, but not of Me,

And who devise plans, but not of My Spirit,

That they may add sin to sin;

2Who walk to go down to Egypt,

And have not asked My advice,

To strengthen themselves in the strength of Pharaoh,

And to trust in the shadow of Egypt!

3Therefore the strength of Pharaoh

Shall be your shame,

And trust in the shadow of Egypt

Shall be your humiliation.

4For his princes were at Zoan,

And his ambassadors came to Hanes.

5They were all ashamed of a people who could not benefit them,

Or be help or benefit,

But a shame and also a reproach.”

6The burden against the beasts of the South.

Through a land of trouble and anguish,

From which came the lioness and lion,

The viper and fiery flying serpent,

They will carry their riches on the backs of young donkeys,

And their treasures on the humps of camels,

To a people who shall not profit;

7For the Egyptians shall help in vain and to no purpose.

Therefore I have called her

Rahab-Hem-Shebeth.

A Rebellious People

8Now go, write it before them on a tablet,

And note it on a scroll,

That it may be for time to come,

Forever and ever:

That this is a rebellious people,

Lying children,

Children who will not hear the law of the LORD;

10Who say to the seers, “Do not see,”

And to the prophets, “Do not prophesy to us right things;

Speak to us smooth things, prophesy deceits.

11Get out of the way,

Turn aside from the path,

Cause the Holy One of Israel

To cease from before us.”

12Therefore thus says the Holy One of Israel:

“Because you despise this word,

And trust in oppression and perversity,

And rely on them,

13Therefore this iniquity shall be to you

Like a breach ready to fall,

A bulge in a high wall,

Whose breaking comes suddenly, in an instant.

14And He shall break it like the breaking of the potter’s vessel,

Which is broken in pieces;

He shall not spare.

So there shall not be found among its fragments

A shard to take fire from the hearth,

Or to take water from the cistern.”

15For thus says the Lord GOD, the Holy One of Israel:

“In returning and rest you shall be saved;

In quietness and confidence shall be your strength.”

But you would not,

16And you said, “No, for we will flee on horses”—

Therefore you shall flee!

And, “We will ride on swift horses”—

Therefore those who pursue you shall be swift!

17One thousand shall flee at the threat of one,

At the threat of five you shall flee,

Till you are left as a pole on top of a mountain

And as a banner on a hill.

God Will Be Gracious

Therefore the LORD will wait, that He may be gracious to you;

And therefore He will be exalted, that He may have mercy on you.

For the LORD is a God of justice;

Blessed are all those who wait for Him.

19For the people shall dwell in Zion at Jerusalem;

You shall weep no more.

He will be very gracious to you at the sound of your cry;

When He hears it, He will answer you.

20And though the Lord gives you

The bread of adversity and the water of affliction,

Yet your teachers will not be moved into a corner anymore,

But your eyes shall see your teachers.

21Your ears shall hear a word behind you, saying,

“This is the way, walk in it,”

Whenever you turn to the right hand

Or whenever you turn to the left.

22You will also defile the covering of your images of silver,

And the ornament of your molded images of gold.

You will throw them away as an unclean thing;

You will say to them, “Get away!”

23Then He will give the rain for your seed

With which you sow the ground,

And bread of the increase of the earth;

It will be fat and plentiful.

In that day your cattle will feed

In large pastures.

24Likewise the oxen and the young donkeys that work the ground

Will eat cured fodder,

Which has been winnowed with the shovel and fan.

25There will be on every high mountain

And on every high hill

Rivers and streams of waters,

In the day of the great slaughter,

When the towers fall.

26Moreover the light of the moon will be as the light of the sun,

And the light of the sun will be sevenfold,

As the light of seven days,

In the day that the LORD binds up the bruise of His people

And heals the stroke of their wound.

Judgment on Assyria

Behold, the name of the LORD comes from afar,

Burning with His anger,

And His burden is heavy;

His lips are full of indignation,

And His tongue like a devouring fire.

28His breath is like an overflowing stream,

Which reaches up to the neck,

To sift the nations with the sieve of futility;

And there shall be a bridle in the jaws of the people,

Causing them to err.

29You shall have a song

As in the night when a holy festival is kept,

And gladness of heart as when one goes with a flute,

To come into the mountain of the LORD,

To the Mighty One of Israel.

30The LORD will cause His glorious voice to be heard,

And show the descent of His arm,

With the indignation of His anger

And the flame of a devouring fire,

With scattering, tempest, and hailstones.

31For through the voice of the LORD

Assyria will be beaten down,

As He strikes with the rod.

32And in every place where the staff of punishment passes,

Which the LORD lays on him,

It will be with tambourines and harps;

And in battles of brandishing He will fight with it.

For Tophet was established of old,

Yes, for the king it is prepared.

He has made it deep and large;

Its pyre is fire with much wood;

The breath of the LORD, like a stream of brimstone,

Kindles it.

The Folly of Not Trusting God

Woe to those who go down to Egypt for help,

And rely on horses,

Who trust in chariots because they are many,

And in horsemen because they are very strong,

But who do not look to the Holy One of Israel,

Nor seek the LORD!

2Yet He also is wise and will bring disaster,

And will not call back His words,

But will arise against the house of evildoers,

And against the help of those who work iniquity.

3Now the Egyptians are men, and not God;

And their horses are flesh, and not spirit.

When the LORD stretches out His hand,

Both he who helps will fall,

And he who is helped will fall down;

They all will perish together.

God Will Deliver Jerusalem

4For thus the LORD has spoken to me:

“As a lion roars,

And a young lion over his prey

(When a multitude of shepherds is summoned against him,

He will not be afraid of their voice

Nor be disturbed by their noise),

So the LORD of hosts will come down

To fight for Mount Zion and for its hill.

5Like birds flying about,

So will the LORD of hosts defend Jerusalem.

Defending, He will also deliver it;

Passing over, He will preserve it.”

6Return to Him against whom the children of Israel have deeply revolted.

7For in that day every man shall throw away his idols of silver and his idols of gold—sin, which your own hands have made for yourselves.

“Then Assyria shall fall by a sword not of man,

And a sword not of mankind shall devour him.

But he shall flee from the sword,

And his young men shall become forced labor.

9He shall cross over to his stronghold for fear,

And his princes shall be afraid of the banner,”

Says the LORD,

Whose fire is in Zion

And whose furnace is in Jerusalem.

A Reign of Righteousness

Behold, a king will reign in righteousness,

And princes will rule with justice.

2A man will be as a hiding place from the wind,

And a cover from the tempest,

As rivers of water in a dry place,

As the shadow of a great rock in a weary land.

The eyes of those who see will not be dim,

And the ears of those who hear will listen.

4Also the heart of the rash will understand knowledge,

And the tongue of the stammerers will be ready to speak plainly.

The foolish person will no longer be called generous,

Nor the miser said to be bountiful;

6For the foolish person will speak foolishness,

And his heart will work iniquity:

To practice ungodliness,

To utter error against the LORD,

To keep the hungry unsatisfied,

And he will cause the drink of the thirsty to fail.

7Also the schemes of the schemer are evil;

He devises wicked plans

To destroy the poor with lying words,

Even when the needy speaks justice.

8But a generous man devises generous things,

And by generosity he shall stand.

Consequences of Complacency

9Rise up, you women who are at ease,

Hear my voice;

You complacent daughters,

Give ear to my speech.

10In a year and some days

You will be troubled, you complacent women;

For the vintage will fail,

The gathering will not come.

11Tremble, you women who are at ease;

Be troubled, you complacent ones;

Strip yourselves, make yourselves bare,

And gird sackcloth on your waists.

12People shall mourn upon their breasts

For the pleasant fields, for the fruitful vine.

13On the land of my people will come up thorns and briers,

Yes, on all the happy homes in the joyous city;

14Because the palaces will be forsaken,

The busthng city will be deserted.

The forts and towers will become lairs forever,

A joy of wild donkeys, a pasture of flocks—

Until the Spirit is poured upon us from on high,

And the wilderness becomes a fruitful field,

And the fruitful field is counted as a forest.

The Peace of God’s Reign

16Then justice will dwell in the wilderness,

And righteousness remain in the fruitful field.

The work of righteousness will be peace,

And the effect of righteousness, quietness and assurance forever.

18My people will dwell in a peaceful habitation,

In secure dwellings, and in quiet resting places,

19Though hail comes down on the forest,

And the city is brought low in humiliation.

20Blessed are you who sow beside all waters,

Who send out freely the feet of the ox and the donkey.

A Prayer in Deep Distress

Woe to you who plunder, though you have not been plundered;

And you who deal treacherously, though they have not dealt treacherously with you!

When you cease plundering,

You will be plundered;

When you make an end of dealing treacherously,

They will deal treacherously with you.

O LORD, be gracious to us;

We have waited for You.

Be their arm every morning,

Our salvation also in the time of trouble.

3At the noise of the tumult the people shall flee;

When You lift Yourself up, the nations shall be scattered;

4And Your plunder shall be gathered

Like the gathering of the caterpillar;

As the running to and fro of locusts,

He shall run upon them.

5The LORD is exalted, for He dwells on high;

He has filled Zion with justice and righteousness.

6Wisdom and knowledge will be the stability of your times,

And the strength of salvation;

The fear of the LORD is His treasure.

7Surely their valiant ones shall cry outside,

The ambassadors of peace shall weep bitterly.

8The highways lie waste,

The traveling man ceases.

He has broken the covenant,

He has despised the cities,

He regards no man.

9The earth mourns and languishes,

Lebanon is shamed and shriveled;

Sharon is like a wilderness,

And Bashan and Carmel shake off their fruits.

Impending Judgment on Zion

10“Now I will rise,” says the LORD;

“Now I will be exalted,

Now I will lift Myself up.

You shall conceive chaff,

You shall bring forth stubble;

Your breath, as fire, shall devour you.

12And the people shall be like the burnings of lime;

Like thorns cut up they shall be burned in the fire.

13Hear, you who are afar off, what I have done;

And you who are near, acknowledge My might.”

The sinners in Zion are afraid;

Fearfulness has seized the hypocrites:

“Who among us shall dwell with the devouring fire?

Who among us shall dwell with everlasting burnings?”

He who walks righteously and speaks uprightly,

He who despises the gain of oppressions,

Who gestures with his hands, refusing bribes,

Who stops his ears from hearing of bloodshed,

And shuts his eyes from seeing evil:

16He will dwell on high;

His place of defense will be the fortress of rocks;

Bread will be given him,

His water will be sure.

The Land of the Majestic King

Your eyes will see the King in His beauty;

They will see the land that is very far off.

18Your heart will meditate on terror:

“Where is the scribe?

Where is he who weighs?

Where is he who counts the towers?”

19You will not see a fierce people,

A people of obscure speech, beyond perception,

Of a stammering tongue that you cannot understand.

20Look upon Zion, the city of our appointed feasts;

Your eyes will see Jerusalem, a quiet home,

A tabernacle that will not be taken down;

Not one of its stakes will ever be removed,

Nor will any of its cords be broken.

21But there the majestic LORD will be for us

A place of broad rivers and streams,

In which no galley with oars will sail,

Nor majestic ships pass by

22(For the LORD is our Judge,

The LORD is our Lawgiver,

The LORD is our King;

He will save us);

Your tackle is loosed,

They could not strengthen their mast,

They could not spread the sail.

Then the prey of great plunder is divided;

The lame take the prey.

And the inhabitant will not say, “I am sick”;

The people who dwell in it will be forgiven their iniquity.

Judgment on the Nations

Come near, you nations, to hear;

And heed, you people!

Let the earth hear, and all that is in it,

The world and all things that come forth from it.

2For the indignation of the LORD is against all nations,

And His fury against all their armies;

He has utterly destroyed them,

He has given them over to the slaughter.

3Also their slain shall be thrown out;

Their stench shall rise from their corpses,

And the mountains shall be melted with their blood.

4All the host of heaven shall be dissolved,

And the heavens shall be rolled up like a scroll;

All their host shall fall down

As the leaf falls from the vine,

And as fruit falling from a fig tree.

“For My sword shall be bathed in heaven;

Indeed it shall come down on Edom,

And on the people of My curse, for judgment.

6The sword of the LORD is filled with blood,

It is made overflowing with fatness,

With the blood of lambs and goats,

With the fat of the kidneys of rams.

For the LORD has a sacrifice in Bozrah,

And a great slaughter in the land of Edom.

7The wild oxen shall come down with them,

And the young bulls with the mighty bulls;

Their land shall be soaked with blood,

And their dust saturated with fatness.”

8For it is the day of the LORD’s vengeance,

The year of recompense for the cause of Zion.

9Its streams shall be turned into pitch,

And its dust into brimstone;

Its land shall become burning pitch.

10It shall not be quenched night or day;

Its smoke shall ascend forever.

From generation to generation it shall lie waste;

No one shall pass through it forever and ever.

But the pelican and the porcupine shall possess it,

Also the owl and the raven shall dwell in it.

And He shall stretch out over it

The line of confusion and the stones of emptiness.

12They shall call its nobles to the kingdom,

But none shall be there, and all its princes shall be nothing.

13And thorns shall come up in its palaces,

Nettles and brambles in its fortresses;

It shall be a habitation of jackals,

A courtyard for ostriches.

14The wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the jackals,

And the wild goat shall bleat to its companion;

Also the night creature shall rest there,

And find for herself a place of rest.

15There the arrow snake shall make her nest and lay eggs

And hatch, and gather them under her shadow;

There also shall the hawks be gathered,

Every one with her mate.

“Search from the book of the LORD, and read:

Not one of these shall fail;

Not one shall lack her mate.

For My mouth has commanded it, and His Spirit has gathered them.

17He has cast the lot for them,

And His hand has divided it among them with a measuring line.

They shall possess it forever;

From generation to generation they shall dwell in it.”

The Future Glory of Zion

The wilderness and the wasteland shall be glad for them,

And the desert shall rejoice and blossom as the rose;

2It shall blossom abundantly and rejoice,

Even with joy and singing.

The glory of Lebanon shall be given to it,

The excellence of Carmel and Sharon.

They shall see the glory of the LORD,

The excellency of our God.

Strengthen the weak hands,

And make firm the feeble knees.

4Say to those who are fearful-hearted,

“Be strong, do not fear!

Behold, your God will come with vengeance,

With the recompense of God;

He will come and save you.”

5Then the eyes of the blind shall be opened,

And the ears of the deaf shall be unstopped.

6Then the lame shall leap like a deer,

And the tongue of the dumb sing.

For waters shall burst forth in the wilderness,

And streams in the desert.

7The parched ground shall become a pool,

And the thirsty land springs of water;

In the habitation of jackals, where each lay,

There shall be grass with reeds and rushes.

A highway shall be there, and a road,

And it shall be called the Highway of Holiness.

The unclean shall not pass over it,

But it shall be for others.

Whoever walks the road, although a fool,

Shall not go astray.

9No lion shall be there,

Nor shall any ravenous beast go up on it;

It shall not be found there.

But the redeemed shall walk there,

And the ransomed of the LORD shall return,

And come to Zion with singing,

With everlasting joy on their heads.

They shall obtain joy and gladness,

And sorrow and sighing shall flee away.

Sennacherib Boasts Against the LORD

Now it came to pass in the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah that Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah and took them.

2Then the king of Assyria sent the Rabshakeh with a great army from Lachish to King Hezekiah at Jerusalem. And he stood by the aqueduct from the upper pool, on the highway to the Fuller’s Field.

3And Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph, the recorder, came out to him.

Then the Rabshakeh said to them, “Say now to Hezekiah, ‘Thus says the great king, the king of Assyria: “What confidence is this in which you trust?

5“I say you speak of having plans and power for war; but they are mere words. Now in whom do you trust, that you rebel against me?

6“Look! You are trusting in the staff of this broken reed, Egypt, on which if a man leans, it will go into his hand and pierce it. So is Pharaoh king of Egypt to all who trust in him.

7“But if you say to me, ‘We trust in the LORD our God,’ is it not He whose high places and whose altars Hezekiah has taken away, and said to Judah and Jerusalem, ‘You shall worship before this altar’?” ’

“Now therefore, I urge you, give a pledge to my master the king of Assyria, and I will give you two thousand horses—if you are able on your part to put riders on them!

9“How then will you repel one captain of the least of my master’s servants, and put your trust in Egypt for chariots and horsemen?

“Have I now come up without the LORD against this land to destroy it? The LORD said to me, ‘Go up against this land, and destroy it.’ ”

11Then Eliakim, Shebna, and Joah said to the Rabshakeh, “Please speak to your servants in Aramaic, for we understand it; and do not speak to us in Hebrew in the hearing of the people who are on the wall.”

12But the Rabshakeh said, “Has my master sent me to your master and to you to speak these words, and not to the men who sit on the wall, who will eat and drink their own waste with you?”

13Then the Rabshakeh stood and called out with a loud voice in Hebrew, and said, “Hear the words of the great king, the king of Assyria!

14“Thus says the king: ‘Do not let Hezekiah deceive you, for he will not be able to deliver you;

15‘nor let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD, saying, “The LORD will surely deliver us; this city will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.” ’

16“Do not listen to Hezekiah; for thus says the king of Assyria: ‘Make peace with me by a present and come out to me; and every one of you eat from his own vine and every one from his own fig tree, and every one of you drink the waters of his own cistern;

17‘until I come and take you away to a land like your own land, a land of grain and new wine, a land of bread and vineyards.

18‘Beware lest Hezekiah persuade you, saying, “The LORD will deliver us.” Has any one of the gods of the nations delivered its land from the hand of the king of Assyria?

19‘Where are the gods of Hamath and Arpad? Where are the gods of Sepharvaim? Indeed, have they delivered Samaria from my hand?

20‘Who among all the gods of these lands have delivered their countries from my hand, that the LORD should deliver Jerusalem from my hand?’ ”

But they held their peace and answered him not a word; for the king’s commandment was, “Do not answer him.”

Then Eliakim the son of Hilkiah, who was over the household, Shebna the scribe, and Joah the son of Asaph, the recorder, came to Hezekiah with their clothes torn, and told him the words of the Rabshakeh.

Isaiah Assures Deliverance

1And so it was, when King Hezekiah heard it, that he tore his clothes, covered himself with sackcloth, and went into the house of the LORD.

2Then he sent Eliakim, who was over the household, Shebna the scribe, and the elders of the priests, covered with sackcloth, to Isaiah the prophet, the son of Amoz.

3And they said to him, “Thus says Hezekiah: ‘This day is a day of trouble and rebuke and blasphemy; for the children have come to birth, but there is no strength to bring them forth.

4‘It may be that the LORD your God will hear the words of the Rabshakeh, whom his master the king of Assyria has sent to reproach the living God, and will rebuke the words which the LORD your God has heard. Therefore lift up your prayer for the remnant that is left.’ ”

5So the servants of King Hezekiah came to Isaiah.

6And Isaiah said to them, “Thus you shall say to your master, ‘Thus says the LORD: “Do not be afraid of the words which you have heard, with which the servants of the king of Assyria have blasphemed Me.

7“Surely I will send a spirit upon him, and he shall hear a rumor and return to his own land; and I will cause him to fall by the sword in his own land.” ’ ”

Sennacherib’s Threat and Hezekiah’s Prayer

8Then the Rabshakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah, for he heard that he had departed from Lachish.

9And the king heard concerning Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, “He has come out to make war with you.” So when he heard it, he sent messengers to Hezekiah, saying,

10“Thus you shall speak to Hezekiah king of Judah, saying: ‘Do not let your God in whom you trust deceive you, saying, “Jerusalem shall not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.”

11‘Look! You have heard what the kings of Assyria have done to all lands by utterly destroying them; and shall you be delivered?

12‘Have the gods of the nations delivered those whom my fathers have destroyed, Gozan and Haran and Rezeph, and the people of Eden who were in Telassar?

13‘Where is the king of Hamath, the king of Arpad, and the king of the city of Sepharvaim, Hena, and Ivah?’ ”

And Hezekiah received the letter from the hand of the messengers, and read it; and Hezekiah went up to the house of the LORD, and spread it before the LORD.

Then Hezekiah prayed to the LORD, saying:

16“O LORD of hosts, God of Israel, the One who dwells between the cherubim, You are God, You alone, of all the kingdoms of the earth. You have made heaven and earth.

17“Incline Your ear, O LORD, and hear; open Your eyes, O LORD, and see; and hear all the words of Sennacherib, which he has sent to reproach the living God.

18“Truly, LORD, the kings of Assyria have laid waste all the nations and their lands,

19“and have cast their gods into the fire; for they were not gods, but the work of men’s hands—wood and stone. Therefore they destroyed them.

20“Now therefore, O LORD our God, save us from his hand, that all the kingdoms of the earth may know that You are the LORD, You alone.”

The Word of the LORD Concerning Sennacherib

Then Isaiah the son of Amoz sent to Hezekiah, saying, “Thus says the LORD God of Israel, ‘Because you have prayed to Me against Sennacherib king of Assyria,

‘this is the word which the LORD has spoken concerning him:

“The virgin, the daughter of Zion,

Has despised you, laughed you to scorn;

The daughter of Jerusalem

Has shaken her head behind your back!

“Whom have you reproached and blasphemed?

Against whom have you raised your voice,

And lifted up your eyes on high?

Against the Holy One of Israel.

24By your servants you have reproached the Lord,

And said, ‘By the multitude of my chariots

I have come up to the height of the mountains,

To the limits of Lebanon;

I will cut down its tall cedars

And its choice cypress trees;

I will enter its farthest height,

To its fruitful forest.

25I have dug and drunk water,

And with the soles of my feet I have dried up

All the brooks of defense.’

26“Did you not hear long ago

How I made it,

From ancient times that I formed it?

Now I have brought it to pass,

That you should be

For crushing fortified cities into heaps of ruins.

27Therefore their inhabitants had little power;

They were dismayed and confounded;

They were as the grass of the field

And the green herb,

As the grass on the housetops

And grain blighted before it is grown.

28“But I know your dwelling place,

Your going out and your coming in,

And your rage against Me.

29Because your rage against Me and your tumult

Have come up to My ears,

Therefore I will put My hook in your nose

And My bridle in your lips,

And I will turn you back

By the way which you came.” ’

“This shall be a sign to you:

You shall eat this year such as grows of itself,

And the second year what springs from the same;

Also in the third year sow and reap,

Plant vineyards and eat the fruit of them.

31And the remnant who have escaped of the house of Judah

Shall again take root downward,

And bear fruit upward.

32For out of Jerusalem shall go a remnant,

And those who escape from Mount Zion.

The zeal of the LORD of hosts will do this.

33“Therefore thus says the LORD concerning the king of Assyria:

‘He shall not come into this city,

Nor shoot an arrow there,

Nor come before it with shield,

Nor build a siege mound against it.

34By the way that he came,

By the same shall he return;

And he shall not come into this city,’

Says the LORD.

35‘For I will defend this city, to save it

For My own sake and for My servant David’s sake.’ ”

Sennacherib’s Defeat and Death

Then the angel of the LORD went out, and killed in the camp of the Assyrians one hundred and eighty-five thousand; and when people arose early in the morning, there were the corpses—all dead.

37So Sennacherib king of Assyria departed and went away, returned home, and remained at Nineveh.

38Now it came to pass, as he was worshiping in the house of Nisroch his god, that his sons Adrammelech and Sharezer struck him down with the sword; and they escaped into the land of Ararat. Then Esarhaddon his son reigned in his place.

Hezekiah’s Life Extended

1In those days Hezekiah was sick and near death. And Isaiah the prophet, the son of Amoz, went to him and said to him, “Thus says the LORD: ‘Set your house in order, for you shall die and not live.’ ”

Then Hezekiah turned his face toward the wall, and prayed to the LORD,

and said, “Remember now, O LORD, I pray, how I have walked before You in truth and with a loyal heart, and have done what is good in Your sight.” And Hezekiah wept bitterly.

And the word of the LORD came to Isaiah, saying,

5“Go and tell Hezekiah, ‘Thus says the LORD, the God of David your father: “I have heard your prayer, I have seen your tears; surely I will add to your days fifteen years.

6“I will deliver you and this city from the hand of the king of Assyria, and I will defend this city.” ’

7“And this is the sign to you from the LORD, that the LORD will do this thing which He has spoken:

8“Behold, I will bring the shadow on the sundial, which has gone down with the sun on the sundial of Ahaz, ten degrees backward.” So the sun returned ten degrees on the dial by which it had gone down.

This is the writing of Hezekiah king of Judah, when he had been sick and had recovered from his sickness:

10I said,

“In the prime of my life

I shall go to the gates of Sheol;

I am deprived of the remainder of my years.”

11I said,

“I shall not see YAH,

The LORD in the land of the living;

I shall observe man no more among the inhabitants of the world.

12My life span is gone,

Taken from me like a shepherd’s tent;

I have cut off my life like a weaver.

He cuts me off from the loom;

From day until night You make an end of me.

I have considered until morning—

Like a lion,

So He breaks all my bones;

From day until night You make an end of me.

14Like a crane or a swallow, so I chattered;

I mourned like a dove;

My eyes fail from looking upward.

O LORD, I am oppressed;

Undertake for me!

“What shall I say?

He has both spoken to me,

And He Himself has done it.

I shall walk carefully all my years

In the bitterness of my soul.

16O Lord, by these things men live;

And in all these things is the life of my spirit;

So You will restore me and make me live.

17Indeed it was for my own peace

That I had great bitterness;

But You have lovingly delivered my soul from the pit of corruption,

For You have cast all my sins behind Your back.

18For Sheol cannot thank You,

Death cannot praise You;

Those who go down to the pit cannot hope for Your truth.

19The living, the living man, he shall praise You,

As I do this day;

The father shall make known Your truth to the children.

20“The LORD was ready to save me;

Therefore we will sing my songs with stringed instruments

All the days of our life, in the house of the LORD.”

21Now Isaiah had said, “Let them take a lump of figs, and apply it as a poultice on the boil, and he shall recover.”

22And Hezekiah had said, “What is the sign that I shall go up to the house of the LORD?”

The Babylonian Envoys

At that time Merodach-Baladan the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present to Hezekiah, for he heard that he had been sick and had recovered.

And Hezekiah was pleased with them, and showed them the house of his treasures—the silver and gold, the spices and precious ointment, and all his armory—all that was found among his treasures. There was nothing in his house or in all his dominion that Hezekiah did not show them.

Then Isaiah the prophet went to King Hezekiah, and said to him, “What did these men say, and from where did they come to you?” So Hezekiah said, “They came to me from a far country, from Babylon.”

4And he said, “What have they seen in your house?” So Hezekiah answered, “They have seen all that is in my house; there is nothing among my treasures that I have not shown them.”

5Then Isaiah said to Hezekiah, “Hear the word of the LORD of hosts:

6‘Behold, the days are coming when all that is in your house, and what your fathers have accumulated until this day, shall be carried to Babylon; nothing shall be left,’ says the LORD.

‘And they shall take away some of your sons who will descend from you, whom you will beget; and they shall be eunuchs in the palace of the king of Babylon.’ ”

So Hezekiah said to Isaiah, “The word of the LORD which you have spoken is good!” For he said, “At least there will be peace and truth in my days.”

God’s People Are Comforted

1“Comfort, yes, comfort My people!”

Says your God.

2“Speak comfort to Jerusalem, and cry out to her,

That her warfare is ended,

That her iniquity is pardoned;

For she has received from the LORD’s hand

Double for all her sins.”

3The voice of one crying in the wilderness:

“Prepare the way of the LORD;

Make straight in the desert

A highway for our God.

4Every valley shall be exalted

And every mountain and hill brought low;

The crooked places shall be made straight

And the rough places smooth;

5The glory of the LORD shall be revealed,

And all flesh shall see it together;

For the mouth of the LORD has spoken.”

6The voice said, “Cry out!”

And he said, “What shall I cry?”

“All flesh is grass,

And all its loveliness is like the flower of the field.

7The grass withers, the flower fades,

Because the breath of the LORD blows upon it;

Surely the people are grass.

8The grass withers, the flower fades,

But the word of our God stands forever.”

9O Zion,

You who bring good tidings,

Get up into the high mountain;

O Jerusalem,

You who bring good tidings,

Lift up your voice with strength,

Lift it up, be not afraid;

Say to the cities of Judah, “Behold your God!”

10Behold, the Lord GOD shall come with a strong hand,

And His arm shall rule for Him;

Behold, His reward is with Him,

And His work before Him.

11He will feed His flock like a shepherd;

He will gather the lambs with His arm,

And carry them in His bosom,

And gently lead those who are with young.

Who has measured the waters in the hollow of His hand,

Measured heaven with a span

And calculated the dust of the earth in a measure?

Weighed the mountains in scales

And the hills in a balance?

13Who has directed the Spirit of the LORD,

Or as His counselor has taught Him?

14With whom did He take counsel, and who instructed Him,

And taught Him in the path of justice?

Who taught Him knowledge,

And showed Him the way of understanding?

15Behold, the nations are as a drop in a bucket,

And are counted as the small dust on the scales;

Look, He lifts up the isles as a very little thing.

16And Lebanon is not sufficient to burn,

Nor its beasts sufficient for a burnt offering.

17All nations before Him are as nothing,

And they are counted by Him less than nothing and worthless.

18To whom then will you liken God?

Or what likeness will you compare to Him?

19The workman molds an image,

The goldsmith overspreads it with gold,

And the silversmith casts silver chains.

20Whoever is too impoverished for such a contribution

Chooses a tree that will not rot;

He seeks for himself a skillful workman

To prepare a carved image that will not totter.

Have you not known?

Have you not heard?

Has it not been told you from the beginning?

Have you not understood from the foundations of the earth?

22It is He who sits above the circle of the earth,

And its inhabitants are like grasshoppers,

Who stretches out the heavens like a curtain,

And spreads them out like a tent to dwell in.

23He brings the princes to nothing;

He makes the judges of the earth useless.

24Scarcely shall they be planted,

Scarcely shall they be sown,

Scarcely shall their stock take root in the earth,

When He will also blow on them,

And they will wither,

And the whirlwind will take them away like stubble.

25“To whom then will you liken Me,

Or to whom shall I be equal?” says the Holy One.

26Lift up your eyes on high,

And see who has created these things,

Who brings out their host by number;

He calls them all by name,

By the greatness of His might

And the strength of His power;

Not one is missing.

Why do you say, O Jacob,

And speak, O Israel:

“My way is hidden from the LORD,

And my just claim is passed over by my God”?

Have you not known?

Have you not heard?

The everlasting God, the LORD,

The Creator of the ends of the earth,

Neither faints nor is weary.

His understanding is unsearchable.

29He gives power to the weak,

And to those who have no might He increases strength.

30Even the youths shall faint and be weary,

And the young men shall utterly fall,

But those who wait on the LORD

Shall renew their strength;

They shall mount up with wings like eagles,

They shall run and not be weary,

They shall walk and not faint.

Israel Assured of God’s Help

“Keep silence before Me, O coastlands,

And let the people renew their strength!

Let them come near, then let them speak;

Let us come near together for judgment.

2“Who raised up one from the east?

Who in righteousness called him to His feet?

Who gave the nations before him,

And made him rule over kings?

Who gave them as the dust to his sword,

As driven stubble to his bow?

3Who pursued them, and passed safely

By the way that he had not gone with his feet?

4Who has performed and done it,

Calling the generations from the beginning?

‘I, the LORD, am the first;

And with the last I am He.’ ”

5The coastlands saw it and feared,

The ends of the earth were afraid;

They drew near and came.

6Everyone helped his neighbor,

And said to his brother,

“Be of good courage!”

7So the craftsman encouraged the goldsmith;

He who smooths with the hammer inspired him who strikes the anvil,

Saying, “It is ready for the soldering”;

Then he fastened it with pegs,

That it might not totter.

“But you, Israel, are My servant,

Jacob whom I have chosen,

The descendants of Abraham My friend.

9You whom I have taken from the ends of the earth,

And called from its farthest regions,

And said to you,

‘You are My servant,

I have chosen you and have not cast you away:

10Fear not, for I am with you;

Be not dismayed, for I am your God.

I will strengthen you,

Yes, I will help you,

I will uphold you with My righteous right hand.’

11“Behold, all those who were incensed against you

Shall be ashamed and disgraced;

They shall be as nothing,

And those who strive with you shall perish.

12You shall seek them and not find them—

Those who contended with you.

Those who war against you

Shall be as nothing,

As a nonexistent thing.

13For I, the LORD your God, will hold your right hand,

Saying to you, ‘Fear not, I will help you.’

14“Fear not, you worm Jacob,

You men of Israel!

I will help you,” says the LORD

And your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel.

15“Behold, I will make you into a new threshing sledge with sharp teeth;

You shall thresh the mountains and beat them small,

And make the hills like chaff.

16You shall winnow them, the wind shall carry them away,

And the whirlwind shall scatter them;

You shall rejoice in the LORD,

And glory in the Holy One of Israel.

“The poor and needy seek water, but there is none,

Their tongues fail for thirst.

I, the LORD, will hear them;

I, the God of Israel, will not forsake them.

18I will open rivers in desolate heights,

And fountains in the midst of the valleys;

I will make the wilderness a pool of water,

And the dry land springs of water.

19I will plant in the wilderness the cedar and the acacia tree,

The myrtle and the oil tree;

I will set in the desert the cypress tree and the pine

And the box tree together,

20That they may see and know,

And consider and understand together,

That the hand of the LORD has done this,

And the Holy One of Israel has created it.

The Futility of Idols

21“Present your case,” says the LORD.

“Bring forth your strong reasons,” says the King of Jacob.

22“Let them bring forth and show us what will happen;

Let them show the former things, what they were,

That we may consider them,

And know the latter end of them;

Or declare to us things to come.

23Show the things that are to come hereafter,

That we may know that you are gods;

Yes, do good or do evil,

That we may be dismayed and see it together.

24Indeed you are nothing,

And your work is nothing;

He who chooses you is an abomination.

“I have raised up one from the north,

And he shall come;

From the rising of the sun he shall call on My name;

And he shall come against princes as though mortar,

As the potter treads clay.

26Who has declared from the beginning, that we may know?

And former times, that we may say, ‘He is righteous’?

Surely there is no one who shows,

Surely there is no one who declares,

Surely there is no one who hears your words.

27The first time I said to Zion,

‘Look, there they are!’

And I will give to Jerusalem one who brings good tidings.

28For I looked, and there was no man;

I looked among them, but there was no counselor,

Who, when I asked of them, could answer a word.

29Indeed they are all worthless;

Their works are nothing;

Their molded images are wind and confusion.

The Servant of the LORD

“Behold! My Servant whom I uphold,

My Elect One in whom My soul delights!

I have put My Spirit upon Him;

He will bring forth justice to the Gentiles.

2He will not cry out, nor raise His voice,

Nor cause His voice to be heard in the street.

3A bruised reed He will not break,

And smoking flax He will not quench;

He will bring forth justice for truth.

4He will not fail nor be discouraged,

Till He has established justice in the earth;

And the coastlands shall wait for His law.”

5Thus says God the LORD,

Who created the heavens and stretched them out,

Who spread forth the earth and that which comes from it,

Who gives breath to the people on it,

And spirit to those who walk on it:

6“I, the LORD, have called You in righteousness,

And will hold Your hand;

I will keep You and give You as a covenant to the people,

As a light to the Gentiles,

7To open blind eyes,

To bring out prisoners from the prison,

Those who sit in darkness from the prison house.

8I am the LORD, that is My name;

And My glory I will not give to another,

Nor My praise to carved images.

9Behold, the former things have come to pass,

And new things I declare;

Before they spring forth I tell you of them.”

Praise to the LORD

10Sing to the LORD a new song,

And His praise from the ends of the earth,

You who go down to the sea, and all that is in it,

You coastlands and you inhabitants of them!

11Let the wilderness and its cities lift up their voice,

The villages that Kedar inhabits.

Let the inhabitants of Sela sing,

Let them shout from the top of the mountains.

12Let them give glory to the LORD,

And declare His praise in the coastlands.

13The LORD shall go forth like a mighty man;

He shall stir up His zeal like a man of war.

He shall cry out, yes, shout aloud;

He shall prevail against His enemies.

Promise of the LORD’s Help

14“I have held My peace a long time,

I have been still and restrained Myself.

Now I will cry like a woman in labor,

I will pant and gasp at once.

15I will lay waste the mountains and hills,

And dry up all their vegetation;

I will make the rivers coastlands,

And I will dry up the pools.

16I will bring the blind by a way they did not know;

I will lead them in paths they have not known.

I will make darkness light before them,

And crooked places straight.

These things I will do for them,

And not forsake them.

17They shall be turned back,

They shall be greatly ashamed,

Who trust in carved images,

Who say to the molded images,

‘You are our gods.’

18“Hear, you deaf;

And look, you blind, that you may see.

19Who is blind but My servant,

Or deaf as My messenger whom I send?

Who is blind as he who is perfect,

And blind as the LORD’s servant?

20Seeing many things, but you do not observe;

Opening the ears, but he does not hear.”

Israel’s Obstinate Disobedience

21The LORD is well pleased for His righteousness’ sake;

He will exalt the law and make it honorable.

But this is a people robbed and plundered;

All of them are snared in holes,

And they are hidden in prison houses;

They are for prey, and no one delivers;

For plunder, and no one says, “Restore!”

23Who among you will give ear to this?

Who will listen and hear for the time to come?

24Who gave Jacob for plunder, and Israel to the robbers?

Was it not the LORD,

He against whom we have sinned?

For they would not walk in His ways,

Nor were they obedient to His law.

Therefore He has poured on him the fury of His anger

And the strength of battle;

It has set him on fire all around,

Yet he did not know;

And it burned him,

Yet he did not take it to heart.

The Redeemer of Israel

But now, thus says the LORD, who created you, O Jacob,

And He who formed you, O Israel:

“Fear not, for I have redeemed you;

I have called you by your name;

You are Mine.

2When you pass through the waters, I will be with you;

And through the rivers, they shall not overflow you.

When you walk through the fire, you shall not be burned,

Nor shall the flame scorch you.

3For I am the LORD your God,

The Holy One of Israel, your Savior;

I gave Egypt for your ransom,

Ethiopia and Seba in your place.

4Since you were precious in My sight,

You have been honored,

And I have loved you;

Therefore I will give men for you,

And people for your life.

5Fear not, for I am with you;

I will bring your descendants from the east,

And gather you from the west;

6I will say to the north, ‘Give them up!’

And to the south, ‘Do not keep them back!’

Bring My sons from afar,

And My daughters from the ends of the earth—

7Everyone who is called by My name,

Whom I have created for My glory;

I have formed him, yes, I have made him.”

Bring out the blind people who have eyes,

And the deaf who have ears.

9Let all the nations be gathered together,

And let the people be assembled.

Who among them can declare this,

And show us former things?

Let them bring out their witnesses, that they may be justified;

Or let them hear and say, “It is truth.”

10“You are My witnesses,” says the LORD,

“And My servant whom I have chosen,

That you may know and believe Me,

And understand that I am He.

Before Me there was no God formed,

Nor shall there be after Me.

11I, even I, am the LORD,

And besides Me there is no savior.

12I have declared and saved,

I have proclaimed,

And there was no foreign god among you;

Therefore you are My witnesses,”

Says the LORD, “that I am God.

13Indeed before the day was, I am He;

And there is no one who can deliver out of My hand;

I work, and who will reverse it?”

Thus says the LORD, your Redeemer,

The Holy One of Israel:

“For your sake I will send to Babylon,

And bring them all down as fugitives—

The Chaldeans, who rejoice in their ships.

15I am the LORD, your Holy One,

The Creator of Israel, your King.”

16Thus says the LORD, who makes a way in the sea

And a path through the mighty waters,

17Who brings forth the chariot and horse,

The army and the power

(They shall lie down together, they shall not rise;

They are extinguished, they are quenched like a wick):

“Do not remember the former things,

Nor consider the things of old.

19Behold, I will do a new thing,

Now it shall spring forth;

Shall you not know it?

I will even make a road in the wilderness

And rivers in the desert.

20The beast of the field will honor Me,

The jackals and the ostriches,

Because I give waters in the wilderness

And rivers in the desert,

To give drink to My people, My chosen.

21This people I have formed for Myself;

They shall declare My praise.

Pleading with Unfaithful Israel

22“But you have not called upon Me, O Jacob;

And you have been weary of Me, O Israel.

23You have not brought Me the sheep for your burnt offerings,

Nor have you honored Me with your sacrifices.

I have not caused you to serve with grain offerings,

Nor wearied you with incense.

24You have bought Me no sweet cane with money,

Nor have you satisfied Me with the fat of your sacrifices;

But you have burdened Me with your sins,

You have wearied Me with your iniquities.

25“I, even I, am He who blots out your transgressions for My own sake;

And I will not remember your sins.

26Put Me in remembrance;

Let us contend together;

State your case, that you may be acquitted.

27Your first father sinned,

And your mediators have transgressed against Me.

28Therefore I will profane the princes of the sanctuary;

I will give Jacob to the curse,

And Israel to reproaches.

God’s Blessing on Israel

“Yet hear now, O Jacob My servant,

And Israel whom I have chosen.

2Thus says the LORD who made you

And formed you from the womb, who will help you:

‘Fear not, O Jacob My servant;

And you, Jeshurun, whom I have chosen.

3For I will pour water on him who is thirsty,

And floods on the dry ground;

I will pour My Spirit on your descendants,

And My blessing on your offspring;

4They will spring up among the grass

Like willows by the watercourses.’

5One will say, ‘I am the LORD’s’;

Another will call himself by the name of Jacob;

Another will write with his hand, ‘The LORD’s,’

And name himself by the name of Israel.

There Is No Other God

6“Thus says the LORD, the King of Israel,

And his Redeemer, the LORD of hosts:

‘I am the First and I am the Last;

Besides Me there is no God.

7And who can proclaim as I do?

Then let him declare it and set it in order for Me,

Since I appointed the ancient people.

And the things that are coming and shall come,

Let them show these to them.

8Do not fear, nor be afraid;

Have I not told you from that time, and declared it?

You are My witnesses.

Is there a God besides Me?

Indeed there is no other Rock;

I know not one.’ ”

Idolatry Is Foolishness

Those who make an image, all of them are useless,

And their precious things shall not profit;

They are their own witnesses;

They neither see nor know, that they may be ashamed.

10Who would form a god or mold an image

That profits him nothing?

11Surely all his companions would be ashamed;

And the workmen, they are mere men.

Let them all be gathered together,

Let them stand up;

Yet they shall fear,

They shall be ashamed together.

12The blacksmith with the tongs works one in the coals,

Fashions it with hammers,

And works it with the strength of his arms.

Even so, he is hungry, and his strength fails;

He drinks no water and is faint.

13The craftsman stretches out his rule,

He marks one out with chalk;

He fashions it with a plane,

He marks it out with the compass,

And makes it like the figure of a man,

According to the beauty of a man, that it may remain in the house.

14He cuts down cedars for himself,

And takes the cypress and the oak;

He secures it for himself among the trees of the forest.

He plants a pine, and the rain nourishes it.

15Then it shall be for a man to burn,

For he will take some of it and warm himself;

Yes, he kindles it and bakes bread;

Indeed he makes a god and worships it;

He makes it a carved image, and falls down to it.

16He burns half of it in the fire;

With this half he eats meat;

He roasts a roast, and is satisfied.

He even warms himself and says,

“Ah! I am warm,

I have seen the fire.”

17And the rest of it he makes into a god,

His carved image.

He falls down before it and worships it,

Prays to it and says,

“Deliver me, for you are my god!”

18They do not know nor understand;

For He has shut their eyes, so that they cannot see,

And their hearts, so that they cannot understand.

19And no one considers in his heart,

Nor is there knowledge nor understanding to say,

“I have burned half of it in the fire,

Yes, I have also baked bread on its coals;

I have roasted meat and eaten it;

And shall I make the rest of it an abomination?

Shall I fall down before a block of wood?”

20He feeds on ashes;

A deceived heart has turned him aside;

And he cannot deliver his soul,

Nor say, “Is there not a lie in my right hand?”

Israel Is Not Forgotten

“Remember these, O Jacob,

And Israel, for you are My servant;

I have formed you, you are My servant;

O Israel, you will not be forgotten by Me!

22I have blotted out, like a thick cloud, your transgressions,

And like a cloud, your sins.

Return to Me, for I have redeemed you.”

23Sing, O heavens, for the LORD has done it!

Shout, you lower parts of the earth;

Break forth into singing, you mountains,

O forest, and every tree in it!

For the LORD has redeemed Jacob,

And glorified Himself in Israel.

Judah Will Be Restored

24Thus says the LORD, your Redeemer,

And He who formed you from the womb:

“I am the LORD, who makes all things,

Who stretches out the heavens all alone,

Who spreads abroad the earth by Myself;

25Who frustrates the signs of the babblers,

And drives diviners mad;

Who turns wise men backward,

And makes their knowledge foolishness;

26Who confirms the word of His servant,

And performs the counsel of His messengers;

Who says to Jerusalem, ‘You shall be inhabited,’

To the cities of Judah, ‘You shall be built,’

And I will raise up her waste places;

27Who says to the deep, ‘Be dry!

And I will dry up your rivers’;

28Who says of Cyrus, ‘He is My shepherd,

And he shall perform all My pleasure,

Saying to Jerusalem, “You shall be built,”

And to the temple, “Your foundation shall be laid.” ’

Cyrus, God’s Instrument

“Thus says the LORD to His anointed,

To Cyrus, whose right hand I have held—

To subdue nations before him

And loose the armor of kings,

To open before him the double doors,

So that the gates will not be shut:

2‘I will go before you

And make the crooked places straight;

I will break in pieces the gates of bronze

And cut the bars of iron.

3I will give you the treasures of darkness

And hidden riches of secret places,

That you may know that I, the LORD,

Who call you by your name,

Am the God of Israel.

4For Jacob My servant’s sake,

And Israel My elect,

I have even called you by your name;

I have named you, though you have not known Me.

5I am the LORD, and there is no other;

There is no God besides Me.

I will gird you, though you have not known Me,

6That they may know from the rising of the sun to its setting

That there is none besides Me.

I am the LORD, and there is no other;

7I form the light and create darkness,

I make peace and create calamity;

I, the LORD, do all these things.’

8“Rain down, you heavens, from above,

And let the skies pour down righteousness;

Let the earth open, let them bring forth salvation,

And let righteousness spring up together.

I, the LORD, have created it.

“Woe to him who strives with his Maker!

Let the potsherd strive with the potsherds of the earth!

Shall the clay say to him who forms it, ‘What are you making?’

Or shall your handiwork say, ‘He has no hands’?

10Woe to him who says to his father, ‘What are you begetting?’

Or to the woman, ‘What have you brought forth?’ ”

11Thus says the LORD,

The Holy One of Israel, and his Maker:

“Ask Me of things to come concerning My sons;

And concerning the work of My hands, you command Me.

12I have made the earth,

And created man on it.

I—My hands—stretched out the heavens,

And all their host I have commanded.

I have raised him up in righteousness,

And I will direct all his ways;

He shall build My city

And let My exiles go free,

Not for price nor reward,”

Says the LORD of hosts.

The LORD, the Only Savior

14Thus says the LORD:

“The labor of Egypt and merchandise of Cush

And of the Sabeans, men of stature,

Shall come over to you, and they shall be yours;

They shall walk behind you,

They shall come over in chains;

And they shall bow down to you.

They will make supplication to you, saying, ‘Surely God is in you,

And there is no other;

There is no other God.’ ”

15Truly You are God, who hide Yourself,

O God of Israel, the Savior!

16They shall be ashamed

And also disgraced, all of them;

They shall go in confusion together,

Who are makers of idols.

17But Israel shall be saved by the LORD

With an everlasting salvation;

You shall not be ashamed or disgraced

Forever and ever.

18For thus says the LORD,

Who created the heavens,

Who is God,

Who formed the earth and made it,

Who has established it,

Who did not create it in vain,

Who formed it to be inhabited:

“I am the LORD, and there is no other.

19I have not spoken in secret,

In a dark place of the earth;

I did not say to the seed of Jacob,

‘Seek Me in vain’;

I, the LORD, speak righteousness,

I declare things that are right.

20“Assemble yourselves and come;

Draw near together,

You who have escaped from the nations.

They have no knowledge,

Who carry the wood of their carved image,

And pray to a god that cannot save.

21Tell and bring forth your case;

Yes, let them take counsel together.

Who has declared this from ancient time?

Who has told it from that time?

Have not I, the LORD?

And there is no other God besides Me,

A just God and a Savior;

There is none besides Me.

22“Look to Me, and be saved,

All you ends of the earth!

For I am God, and there is no other.

23I have sworn by Myself;

The word has gone out of My mouth in righteousness,

And shall not return,

That to Me every knee shall bow,

Every tongue shall take an oath.

24He shall say,

‘Surely in the LORD I have righteousness and strength.

To Him men shall come,

And all shall be ashamed

Who are incensed against Him.

25In the LORD all the descendants of Israel

Shall be justified, and shall glory.’ ”

Dead Idols and the Living God

Bel bows down, Nebo stoops;

Their idols were on the beasts and on the cattle.

Your carriages were heavily loaded,

A burden to the weary beast.

2They stoop, they bow down together;

They could not deliver the burden,

But have themselves gone into captivity.

3“Listen to Me, O house of Jacob,

And all the remnant of the house of Israel,

Who have been upheld by Me from birth,

Who have been carried from the womb:

4Even to your old age, I am He,

And even to gray hairs I will carry you!

I have made, and I will bear;

Even I will carry, and will deliver you.

5“To whom will you liken Me, and make Me equal

And compare Me, that we should be alike?

6They lavish gold out of the bag,

And weigh silver on the scales;

They hire a goldsmith, and he makes it a god;

They prostrate themselves, yes, they worship.

7They bear it on the shoulder, they carry it

And set it in its place, and it stands;

From its place it shall not move.

Though one cries out to it, yet it cannot answer

Nor save him out of his trouble.

8“Remember this, and show yourselves men;

Recall to mind, O you transgressors.

9Remember the former things of old,

For I am God, and there is no other;

I am God, and there is none like Me,

10Declaring the end from the beginning,

And from ancient times things that are not yet done,

Saying, ‘My counsel shall stand,

And I will do all My pleasure,’

11Calling a bird of prey from the east,

The man who executes My counsel, from a far country.

Indeed I have spoken it;

I will also bring it to pass.

I have purposed it;

I will also do it.

12“Listen to Me, you stubborn-hearted,

Who are far from righteousness:

I bring My righteousness near, it shall not be far off;

My salvation shall not linger.

And I will place salvation in Zion,

For Israel My glory.

The Humiliation of Babylon

“Come down and sit in the dust,

O virgin daughter of Babylon;

Sit on the ground without a throne,

O daughter of the Chaldeans!

For you shall no more be called

Tender and delicate.

2Take the millstones and grind meal.

Remove your veil,

Take off the skirt,

Uncover the thigh,

Pass through the rivers.

3Your nakedness shall be uncovered,

Yes, your shame will be seen;

I will take vengeance,

And I will not arbitrate with a man.”

4As for our Redeemer, the LORD of hosts is His name,

The Holy One of Israel.

5“Sit in silence, and go into darkness,

O daughter of the Chaldeans;

For you shall no longer be called

The Lady of Kingdoms.

6I was angry with My people;

I have profaned My inheritance,

And given them into your hand.

You showed them no mercy;

On the elderly you laid your yoke very heavily.

7And you said, ‘I shall be a lady forever,’

So that you did not take these things to heart,

Nor remember the latter end of them.

8“Therefore hear this now, you who are given to pleasures,

Who dwell securely,

Who say in your heart,

‘I am, and there is no one else besides me;

I shall not sit as a widow,

Nor shall I know the loss of children’;

9But these two things shall come to you

In a moment, in one day:

The loss of children, and widowhood.

They shall come upon you in their fullness

Because of the multitude of your sorceries,

For the great abundance of your enchantments.

10“For you have trusted in your wickedness;

You have said, ‘No one sees me’;

Your wisdom and your knowledge have warped you;

And you have said in your heart,

‘I am, and there is no one else besides me.’

11Therefore evil shall come upon you;

You shall not know from where it arises.

And trouble shall fall upon you;

You will not be able to put it off.

And desolation shall come upon you suddenly,

Which you shall not know.

“Stand now with your enchantments

And the multitude of your sorceries,

In which you have labored from your youth—

Perhaps you will be able to profit,

Perhaps you will prevail.

13You are wearied in the multitude of your counsels;

Let now the astrologers, the stargazers,

And the monthly prognosticators

Stand up and save you

From what shall come upon you.

14Behold, they shall be as stubble,

The fire shall burn them;

They shall not deliver themselves

From the power of the flame;

It shall not be a coal to be warmed by,

Nor a fire to sit before!

15Thus shall they be to you

With whom you have labored,

Your merchants from your youth;

They shall wander each one to his quarter.

No one shall save you.

Israel Refined for God’s Glory

“Hear this, O house of Jacob,

Who are called by the name of Israel,

And have come forth from the wellsprings of Judah;

Who swear by the name of the LORD,

And make mention of the God of Israel,

But not in truth or in righteousness;

2For they call themselves after the holy city,

And lean on the God of Israel;

The LORD of hosts is His name:

3“I have declared the former things from the beginning;

They went forth from My mouth, and I caused them to hear it.

Suddenly I did them, and they came to pass.

4Because I knew that you were obstinate,

And your neck was an iron sinew,

And your brow bronze,

5Even from the beginning I have declared it to you;

Before it came to pass I proclaimed it to you,

Lest you should say, ‘My idol has done them,

And my carved image and my molded image

Have commanded them.’

6“You have heard;

See all this.

And will you not declare it?

I have made you hear new things from this time,

Even hidden things, and you did not know them.

7They are created now and not from the beginning;

And before this day you have not heard them,

Lest you should say, ‘Of course I knew them.’

8Surely you did not hear,

Surely you did not know;

Surely from long ago your ear was not opened.

For I knew that you would deal very treacherously,

And were called a transgressor from the womb.

9“For My name’s sake I will defer My anger,

And for My praise I will restrain it from you,

So that I do not cut you off.

10Behold, I have refined you, but not as silver;

I have tested you in the furnace of affliction.

11For My own sake, for My own sake, I will do it;

For how should My name be profaned?

And I will not give My glory to another.

God’s Ancient Plan to Redeem Israel

12“Listen to Me, O Jacob,

And Israel, My called:

I am He, I am the First,

I am also the Last.

13Indeed My hand has laid the foundation of the earth,

And My right hand has stretched out the heavens;

When I call to them,

They stand up together.

14“All of you, assemble yourselves, and hear!

Who among them has declared these things?

The LORD loves him;

He shall do His pleasure on Babylon,

And His arm shall be against the Chaldeans.

15I, even I, have spoken;

Yes, I have called him,

I have brought him, and his way will prosper.

16“Come near to Me, hear this:

I have not spoken in secret from the beginning;

From the time that it was, I was there.

And now the Lord GOD and His Spirit

Have sent Me.”

17Thus says the LORD, your Redeemer,

The Holy One of Israel:

“I am the LORD your God,

Who teaches you to profit,

Who leads you by the way you should go.

Oh, that you had heeded My commandments!

Then your peace would have been like a river,

And your righteousness like the waves of the sea.

19Your descendants also would have been like the sand,

And the offspring of your body like the grains of sand;

His name would not have been cut off

Nor destroyed from before Me.”

Go forth from Babylon!

Flee from the Chaldeans!

With a voice of singing,

Declare, proclaim this,

Utter it to the end of the earth;

Say, “The LORD has redeemed

His servant Jacob!”

21And they did not thirst

When He led them through the deserts;

He caused the waters to flow from the rock for them;

He also split the rock, and the waters gushed out.

22“There is no peace,” says the LORD, “for the wicked.”

The Servant, the Light to the Gentiles

“Listen, O coastlands, to Me,

And take heed, you peoples from afar!

The LORD has called Me from the womb;

From the matrix of My mother He has made mention of My name.

2And He has made My mouth like a sharp sword;

In the shadow of His hand He has hidden Me,

And made Me a polished shaft;

In His quiver He has hidden Me.”

“And He said to me,

‘You are My servant, O Israel,

In whom I will be glorified.’

Then I said, ‘I have labored in vain,

I have spent my strength for nothing and in vain;

Yet surely my just reward is with the LORD,

And my work with my God.’ ”

5“And now the LORD says,

Who formed Me from the womb to be His Servant,

To bring Jacob back to Him,

So that Israel is gathered to Him

(For I shall be glorious in the eyes of the LORD,

And My God shall be My strength),

6Indeed He says,

‘It is too small a thing that You should be My Servant

To raise up the tribes of Jacob,

And to restore the preserved ones of Israel;

I will also give You as a light to the Gentiles,

That You should be My salvation to the ends of the earth.’ ”

7Thus says the LORD,

The Redeemer of Israel, their Holy One,

To Him whom man despises,

To Him whom the nation abhors,

To the Servant of rulers:

“Kings shall see and arise,

Princes also shall worship,

Because of the LORD who is faithful,

The Holy One of Israel;

And He has chosen You.”

Thus says the LORD:

“In an acceptable time I have heard You,

And in the day of salvation I have helped You;

I will preserve You and give You

As a covenant to the people,

To restore the earth,

To cause them to inherit the desolate heritages;

9That You may say to the prisoners, ‘Go forth,’

To those who are in darkness, ‘Show yourselves.’

“They shall feed along the roads,

And their pastures shall be on all desolate heights.

10They shall neither hunger nor thirst,

Neither heat nor sun shall strike them;

For He who has mercy on them will lead them,

Even by the springs of water He will guide them.

11I will make each of My mountains a road,

And My highways shall be elevated.

12Surely these shall come from afar;

Look! Those from the north and the west,

And these from the land of Sinim.”

13Sing, O heavens!

Be joyful, O earth!

And break out in singing, O mountains!

For the LORD has comforted His people,

And will have mercy on His afflicted.

God Will Remember Zion

14 But Zion said, “The LORD has forsaken me,

And my Lord has forgotten me.”

15“Can a woman forget her nursing child,

And not have compassion on the son of her womb?

Surely they may forget,

Yet I will not forget you.

16See, I have inscribed you on the palms of My hands;

Your walls are continually before Me.

17Your sons shall make haste;

Your destroyers and those who laid you waste

Shall go away from you.

18Lift up your eyes, look around and see;

All these gather together and come to you.

As I live,” says the LORD,

“You shall surely clothe yourselves with them all as an ornament,

And bind them on you as a bride does.

19“For your waste and desolate places,

And the land of your destruction,

Will even now be too small for the inhabitants;

And those who swallowed you up will be far away.

20The children you will have,

After you have lost the others,

Will say again in your ears,

‘The place is too small for me;

Give me a place where I may dwell.’

21Then you will say in your heart,

‘Who has begotten these for me,

Since I have lost my children and am desolate,

A captive, and wandering to and fro?

And who has brought these up?

There I was, left alone;

But these, where were they?’ ”

22Thus says the Lord GOD:

“Behold, I will lift My hand in an oath to the nations,

And set up My standard for the peoples;

They shall bring your sons in their arms,

And your daughters shall be carried on their shoulders;

23Kings shall be your foster fathers,

And their queens your nursing mothers;

They shall bow down to you with their faces to the earth,

And lick up the dust of your feet.

Then you will know that I am the LORD,

For they shall not be ashamed who wait for Me.”

24Shall the prey be taken from the mighty,

Or the captives of the righteous be delivered?

25But thus says the LORD:

“Even the captives of the mighty shall be taken away,

And the prey of the terrible be delivered;

For I will contend with him who contends with you,

And I will save your children.

26I will feed those who oppress you with their own flesh,

And they shall be drunk with their own blood as with sweet wine.

All flesh shall know

That I, the LORD, am your Savior,

And your Redeemer, the Mighty One of Jacob.”

The Servant, Israel’s Hope

1Thus says the LORD:

“Where is the certificate of your mother’s divorce,

Whom I have put away?

Or which of My creditors is it to whom I have sold you?

For your iniquities you have sold yourselves,

And for your transgressions your mother has been put away.

Why, when I came, was there no man?

Why, when I called, was there none to answer?

Is My hand shortened at all that it cannot redeem?

Or have I no power to deliver?

Indeed with My rebuke I dry up the sea,

I make the rivers a wilderness;

Their fish stink because there is no water,

And die of thirst.

3I clothe the heavens with blackness,

And I make sackcloth their covering.”

“The Lord GOD has given Me

The tongue of the learned,

That I should know how to speak

A word in season to him who is weary.

He awakens Me morning by morning,

He awakens My ear

To hear as the learned.

The Lord GOD has opened My ear;

And I was not rebellious,

Nor did I turn away.

6I gave My back to those who struck Me,

And My cheeks to those who plucked out the beard;

I did not hide My face from shame and spitting.

“For the Lord GOD will help Me;

Therefore I will not be disgraced;

Therefore I have set My face like a flint,

And I know that I will not be ashamed.

8He is near who justifies Me;

Who will contend with Me?

Let us stand together.

Who is My adversary?

Let him come near Me.

9Surely the Lord GOD will help Me;

Who is he who will condemn Me?

Indeed they will all grow old like a garment;

The moth will eat them up.

10“Who among you fears the LORD?

Who obeys the voice of His Servant?

Who walks in darkness

And has no light?

Let him trust in the name of the LORD

And rely upon his God.

11Look, all you who kindle a fire,

Who encircle yourselves with sparks:

Walk in the light of your fire and in the sparks you have kindled—

This you shall have from My hand:

You shall lie down in torment.

The LORD Comforts Zion

“Listen to Me, you who follow after righteousness,

You who seek the LORD:

Look to the rock from which you were hewn,

And to the hole of the pit from which you were dug.

2Look to Abraham your father,

And to Sarah who bore you;

For I called him alone,

And blessed him and increased him.”

3For the LORD will comfort Zion,

He will comfort all her waste places;

He will make her wilderness like Eden,

And her desert like the garden of the LORD;

Joy and gladness will be found in it,

Thanksgiving and the voice of melody.

“Listen to Me, My people;

And give ear to Me, O My nation:

For law will proceed from Me,

And I will make My justice rest

As a light of the peoples.

5My righteousness is near,

My salvation has gone forth,

And My arms will judge the peoples;

The coastlands will wait upon Me,

And on My arm they will trust.

6Lift up your eyes to the heavens,

And look on the earth beneath.

For the heavens will vanish away like smoke,

The earth will grow old like a garment,

And those who dwell in it will die in like manner;

But My salvation will be forever,

And My righteousness will not be abolished.

“Listen to Me, you who know righteousness,

You people in whose heart is My law:

Do not fear the reproach of men,

Nor be afraid of their insults.

8For the moth will eat them up like a garment,

And the worm will eat them like wool;

But My righteousness will be forever,

And My salvation from generation to generation.”

Awake, awake, put on strength,

O arm of the LORD!

Awake as in the ancient days,

In the generations of old.

Are You not the arm that cut Rahab apart,

And wounded the serpent?

10Are You not the One who dried up the sea,

The waters of the great deep;

That made the depths of the sea a road

For the redeemed to cross over?

11So the ransomed of the LORD shall return,

And come to Zion with singing,

With everlasting joy on their heads.

They shall obtain joy and gladness;

Sorrow and sighing shall flee away.

“I, even I, am He who comforts you.

Who are you that you should be afraid

Of a man who will die,

And of the son of a man who will be made like grass?

13And you forget the LORD your Maker,

Who stretched out the heavens

And laid the foundations of the earth;

You have feared continually every day

Because of the fury of the oppressor,

When he has prepared to destroy.

And where is the fury of the oppressor?

14The captive exile hastens, that he may be loosed,

That he should not die in the pit,

And that his bread should not fail.

15But I am the LORD your God,

Who divided the sea whose waves roared—

The LORD of hosts is His name.

16And I have put My words in your mouth;

I have covered you with the shadow of My hand,

That I may plant the heavens,

Lay the foundations of the earth,

And say to Zion, ‘You are My people.’ ”

God’s Fury Removed

Awake, awake!

Stand up, O Jerusalem,

You who have drunk at the hand of the LORD

The cup of His fury;

You have drunk the dregs of the cup of trembling,

And drained it out.

18There is no one to guide her

Among all the sons she has brought forth;

Nor is there any who takes her by the hand

Among all the sons she has brought up.

19These two things have come to you;

Who will be sorry for you?—

Desolation and destruction, famine and sword—

By whom will I comfort you?

20Your sons have fainted,

They lie at the head of all the streets,

Like an antelope in a net;

They are full of the fury of the LORD,

The rebuke of your God.

21Therefore please hear this, you afflicted,

And drunk but not with wine.

22Thus says your Lord,

The LORD and your God,

Who pleads the cause of His people:

“See, I have taken out of your hand

The cup of trembling,

The dregs of the cup of My fury;

You shall no longer drink it.

23But I will put it into the hand of those who afflict you,

Who have said to you,

‘Lie down, that we may walk over you.’

And you have laid your body like the ground,

And as the street, for those who walk over.”

God Redeems Jerusalem

Awake, awake!

Put on your strength, O Zion;

Put on your beautiful garments,

O Jerusalem, the holy city!

For the uncircumcised and the unclean

Shall no longer come to you.

2Shake yourself from the dust, arise;

Sit down, O Jerusalem!

Loose yourself from the bonds of your neck,

O captive daughter of Zion!

3For thus says the LORD:

“You have sold yourselves for nothing,

And you shall be redeemed without money.”

4For thus says the Lord GOD:

“My people went down at first

Into Egypt to dwell there;

Then the Assyrian oppressed them without cause.

5Now therefore, what have I here,” says the LORD,

“That My people are taken away for nothing?

Those who rule over them

Make them wail,” says the LORD,

“And My name is blasphemed continually every day.

6Therefore My people shall know My name;

Therefore they shall know in that day

That I am He who speaks:

‘Behold, it is I.’ ”

How beautiful upon the mountains

Are the feet of him who brings good news,

Who proclaims peace,

Who brings glad tidings of good things,

Who proclaims salvation,

Who says to Zion,

“Your God reigns!”

8Your watchmen shall lift up their voices,

With their voices they shall sing together;

For they shall see eye to eye

When the LORD brings back Zion.

9Break forth into joy, sing together,

You waste places of Jerusalem!

For the LORD has comforted His people,

He has redeemed Jerusalem.

10The LORD has made bare His holy arm

In the eyes of all the nations;

And all the ends of the earth shall see

The salvation of our God.

Depart! Depart! Go out from there,

Touch no unclean thing;

Go out from the midst of her,

Be clean,

You who bear the vessels of the LORD.

For you shall not go out with haste,

Nor go by flight;

For the LORD will go before you,

And the God of Israel will be your rear guard.

The Sin-Bearing Servant

Behold, My Servant shall deal prudently;

He shall be exalted and extolled and be very high.

Just as many were astonished at you,

So His visage was marred more than any man,

And His form more than the sons of men;

15So shall He sprinkle many nations.

Kings shall shut their mouths at Him;

For what had not been told them they shall see,

And what they had not heard they shall consider.

Who has believed our report?

And to whom has the arm of the LORD been revealed?

2For He shall grow up before Him as a tender plant,

And as a root out of dry ground.

He has no form or comeliness;

And when we see Him,

There is no beauty that we should desire Him.

He is despised and rejected by men,

A Man of sorrows and acquainted with grief.

And we hid, as it were, our faces from Him;

He was despised, and we did not esteem Him.

Surely He has borne our griefs

And carried our sorrows;

Yet we esteemed Him stricken,

Smitten by God, and afflicted.

But He was wounded for our transgressions,

He was bruised for our iniquities;

The chastisement for our peace was upon Him,

And by His stripes we are healed.

All we like sheep have gone astray;

We have turned, every one, to his own way;

And the LORD has laid on Him the iniquity of us all.

He was oppressed and He was afflicted,

Yet He opened not His mouth;

He was led as a lamb to the slaughter,

And as a sheep before its shearers is silent,

So He opened not His mouth.

8He was taken from prison and from judgment,

And who will declare His generation?

For He was cut off from the land of the living;

For the transgressions of My people He was stricken.

9And they made His grave with the wicked—

But with the rich at His death,

Because He had done no violence,

Nor was any deceit in His mouth.

Yet it pleased the LORD to bruise Him;

He has put Him to grief.

When You make His soul an offering for sin,

He shall see His seed, He shall prolong His days,

And the pleasure of the LORD shall prosper in His hand.

He shall see the labor of His soul, and be satisfied.

By His knowledge My righteous Servant shall justify many,

For He shall bear their iniquities.

Therefore I will divide Him a portion with the great,

And He shall divide the spoil with the strong,

Because He poured out His soul unto death,

And He was numbered with the transgressors,

And He bore the sin of many,

And made intercession for the transgressors.

A Perpetual Covenant of Peace

“Sing, O barren,

You who have not borne!

Break forth into singing, and cry aloud,

You who have not labored with child!

For more are the children of the desolate

Than the children of the married woman,” says the LORD.

2“Enlarge the place of your tent,

And let them stretch out the curtains of your dwellings;

Do not spare;

Lengthen your cords,

And strengthen your stakes.

3For you shall expand to the right and to the left,

And your descendants will inherit the nations,

And make the desolate cities inhabited.

4“Do not fear, for you will not be ashamed;

Neither be disgraced, for you will not be put to shame;

For you will forget the shame of your youth,

And will not remember the reproach of your widowhood anymore.

5For your Maker is your husband,

The LORD of hosts is His name;

And your Redeemer is the Holy One of Israel;

He is called the God of the whole earth.

6For the LORD has called you

Like a woman forsaken and grieved in spirit,

Like a youthful wife when you were refused,”

Says your God.

7“For a mere moment I have forsaken you,

But with great mercies I will gather you.

8With a little wrath I hid My face from you for a moment;

But with everlasting kindness I will have mercy on you,”

Says the LORD, your Redeemer.

9“For this is like the waters of Noah to Me;

For as I have sworn

That the waters of Noah would no longer cover the earth,

So have I sworn

That I would not be angry with you, nor rebuke you.

10For the mountains shall depart

And the hills be removed,

But My kindness shall not depart from you,

Nor shall My covenant of peace be removed,”

Says the LORD, who has mercy on you.

“O you afflicted one,

Tossed with tempest, and not comforted,

Behold, I will lay your stones with colorful gems,

And lay your foundations with sapphires.

12I will make your pinnacles of rubies,

Your gates of crystal,

And all your walls of precious stones.

13All your children shall be taught by the LORD,

And great shall be the peace of your children.

14In righteousness you shall be established;

You shall be far from oppression, for you shall not fear;

And from terror, for it shall not come near you.

15Indeed they shall surely assemble, but not because of Me.

Whoever assembles against you shall fall for your sake.

16“Behold, I have created the blacksmith

Who blows the coals in the fire,

Who brings forth an instrument for his work;

And I have created the spoiler to destroy.

17No weapon formed against you shall prosper,

And every tongue which rises against you in judgment

You shall condemn.

This is the heritage of the servants of the LORD,

And their righteousness is from Me,”

Says the LORD.

An Invitation to Abundant Life

“Ho! Everyone who thirsts,

Come to the waters;

And you who have no money,

Come, buy and eat.

Yes, come, buy wine and milk

Without money and without price.

2Why do you spend money for what is not bread,

And your wages for what does not satisfy?

Listen carefully to Me, and eat what is good,

And let your soul delight itself in abundance.

3Incline your ear, and come to Me.

Hear, and your soul shall live;

And I will make an everlasting covenant with you—

The sure mercies of David.

4Indeed I have given him as a witness to the people,

A leader and commander for the people.

5Surely you shall call a nation you do not know,

And nations who do not know you shall run to you,

Because of the LORD your God,

And the Holy One of Israel;

For He has glorified you.”

Seek the LORD while He may be found,

Call upon Him while He is near.

7Let the wicked forsake his way,

And the unrighteous man his thoughts;

Let him return to the LORD,

And He will have mercy on him;

And to our God,

For He will abundantly pardon.

8“For My thoughts are not your thoughts,

Nor are your ways My ways,” says the LORD.

9“For as the heavens are higher than the earth,

So are My ways higher than your ways,

And My thoughts than your thoughts.

“For as the rain comes down, and the snow from heaven,

And do not return there,

But water the earth,

And make it bring forth and bud,

That it may give seed to the sower

And bread to the eater,

11So shall My word be that goes forth from My mouth;

It shall not return to Me void,

But it shall accomplish what I please,

And it shall prosper in the thing for which I sent it.

12“For you shall go out with joy,

And be led out with peace;

The mountains and the hills

Shall break forth into singing before you,

And all the trees of the field shall clap their hands.

13Instead of the thorn shall come up the cypress tree,

And instead of the brier shall come up the myrtle tree;

And it shall be to the LORD for a name,

For an everlasting sign that shall not be cut off.”

Salvation for the Gentiles

Thus says the LORD:

“Keep justice, and do righteousness,

For My salvation is about to come,

And My righteousness to be revealed.

2Blessed is the man who does this,

And the son of man who lays hold on it;

Who keeps from defiling the Sabbath,

And keeps his hand from doing any evil.”

3Do not let the son of the foreigner

Who has joined himself to the LORD

Speak, saying,

“The LORD has utterly separated me from His people”;

Nor let the eunuch say,

“Here I am, a dry tree.”

4For thus says the LORD:

“To the eunuchs who keep My Sabbaths,

And choose what pleases Me,

And hold fast My covenant,

5Even to them I will give in My house

And within My walls a place and a name

Better than that of sons and daughters;

I will give them an everlasting name

That shall not be cut off.

6“Also the sons of the foreigner

Who join themselves to the LORD, to serve Him,

And to love the name of the LORD, to be His servants—

Everyone who keeps from defiling the Sabbath,

And holds fast My covenant—

7Even them I will bring to My holy mountain,

And make them joyful in My house of prayer.

Their burnt offerings and their sacrifices

Will be accepted on My altar;

For My house shall be called a house of prayer for all nations.”

8The Lord GOD, who gathers the outcasts of Israel, says,

“Yet I will gather to him

Others besides those who are gathered to him.”

Israel’s Irresponsible Leaders

All you beasts of the field, come to devour,

All you beasts in the forest.

10His watchmen are blind,

They are all ignorant;

They are all dumb dogs,

They cannot bark;

Sleeping, lying down, loving to slumber.

11Yes, they are greedy dogs

Which never have enough.

And they are shepherds

Who cannot understand;

They all look to their own way,

Every one for his own gain,

From his own territory.

12“Come,” one says, “I will bring wine,

And we will fill ourselves with intoxicating drink;

Tomorrow will be as today,

And much more abundant.”

Israel’s Futile Idolatry

1The righteous perishes,

And no man takes it to heart;

Merciful men are taken away,

While no one considers

That the righteous is taken away from evil.

2He shall enter into peace;

They shall rest in their beds,

Each one walking in his uprightness.

“But come here,

You sons of the sorceress,

You offspring of the adulterer and the harlot!

4Whom do you ridicule?

Against whom do you make a wide mouth

And stick out the tongue?

Are you not children of transgression,

Offspring of falsehood,

5Inflaming yourselves with gods under every green tree,

Slaying the children in the valleys,

Under the clefts of the rocks?

Among the smooth stones of the stream

Is your portion;

They, they, are your lot!

Even to them you have poured a drink offering,

You have offered a grain offering.

Should I receive comfort in these?

7“On a lofty and high mountain

You have set your bed;

Even there you went up

To offer sacrifice.

8Also behind the doors and their posts

You have set up your remembrance;

For you have uncovered yourself to those other than Me,

And have gone up to them;

You have enlarged your bed

And made a covenant with them;

You have loved their bed,

Where you saw their nudity.

9You went to the king with ointment,

And increased your perfumes;

You sent your messengers far off,

And even descended to Sheol.

10You are wearied in the length of your way;

Yet you did not say, ‘There is no hope.’

You have found the life of your hand;

Therefore you were not grieved.

11“And of whom have you been afraid, or feared,

That you have lied

And not remembered Me,

Nor taken it to your heart?

Is it not because I have held My peace from of old

That you do not fear Me?

12I will declare your righteousness

And your works,

For they will not profit you.

13When you cry out,

Let your collection of idols deliver you.

But the wind will carry them all away,

A breath will take them.

But he who puts his trust in Me shall possess the land,

And shall inherit My holy mountain.”

Healing for the Backslider

14And one shall say,

“Heap it up! Heap it up!

Prepare the way,

Take the stumbling block out of the way of My people.”

15For thus says the High and Lofty One

Who inhabits eternity, whose name is Holy:

“I dwell in the high and holy place,

With him who has a contrite and humble spirit,

To revive the spirit of the humble,

And to revive the heart of the contrite ones.

16For I will not contend forever,

Nor will I always be angry;

For the spirit would fail before Me,

And the souls which I have made.

17For the iniquity of his covetousness

I was angry and struck him;

I hid and was angry,

And he went on backsliding in the way of his heart.

18I have seen his ways, and will heal him;

I will also lead him,

And restore comforts to him

And to his mourners.

19“I create the fruit of the lips:

Peace, peace to him who is far off and to him who is near,”

Says the LORD,

“And I will heal him.”

20But the wicked are like the troubled sea,

When it cannot rest,

Whose waters cast up mire and dirt.

21“There is no peace,”

Says my God, “for the wicked.”

Fasting that Pleases God

“Cry aloud, spare not;

Lift up your voice like a trumpet;

Tell My people their transgression,

And the house of Jacob their sins.

2Yet they seek Me daily,

And delight to know My ways,

As a nation that did righteousness,

And did not forsake the ordinance of their God.

They ask of Me the ordinances of justice;

They take delight in approaching God.

3‘Why have we fasted,’ they say, ‘and You have not seen?

Why have we afflicted our souls, and You take no notice?’

“In fact, in the day of your fast you find pleasure,

And exploit all your laborers.

4Indeed you fast for strife and debate,

And to strike with the fist of wickedness.

You will not fast as you do this day,

To make your voice heard on high.

Is it a fast that I have chosen,

A day for a man to afflict his soul?

Is it to bow down his head like a bulrush,

And to spread out sackcloth and ashes?

Would you call this a fast,

And an acceptable day to the LORD?

6“Is this not the fast that I have chosen:

To loose the bonds of wickedness,

To undo the heavy burdens,

To let the oppressed go free,

And that you break every yoke?

7Is it not to share your bread with the hungry,

And that you bring to your house the poor who are cast out;

When you see the naked, that you cover him,

And not hide yourself from your own flesh?

8Then your light shall break forth like the morning,

Your healing shall spring forth speedily,

And your righteousness shall go before you;

The glory of the LORD shall be your rear guard.

9Then you shall call, and the LORD will answer;

You shall cry, and He will say, ‘Here I am.’

“If you take away the yoke from your midst,

The pointing of the finger, and speaking wickedness,

10If you extend your soul to the hungry

And satisfy the afflicted soul,

Then your light shall dawn in the darkness,

And your darkness shall be as the noonday.

11The LORD will guide you continually,

And satisfy your soul in drought,

And strengthen your bones;

You shall be like a watered garden,

And like a spring of water, whose waters do not fail.

12Those from among you

Shall build the old waste places;

You shall raise up the foundations of many generations;

And you shall be called the Repairer of the Breach,

The Restorer of Streets to Dwell In.

13“If you turn away your foot from the Sabbath,

From doing your pleasure on My holy day,

And call the Sabbath a delight,

The holy day of the LORD honorable,

And shall honor Him, not doing your own ways,

Nor finding your own pleasure,

Nor speaking your own words,

14Then you shall delight yourself in the LORD;

And I will cause you to ride on the high hills of the earth,

And feed you with the heritage of Jacob your father.

The mouth of the LORD has spoken.”

Separated from God

Behold, the LORD’s hand is not shortened,

That it cannot save;

Nor His ear heavy,

That it cannot hear.

2But your iniquities have separated you from your God;

And your sins have hidden His face from you,

So that He will not hear.

3For your hands are defiled with blood,

And your fingers with iniquity;

Your lips have spoken lies,

Your tongue has muttered perversity.

No one calls for justice,

Nor does any plead for truth.

They trust in empty words and speak lies;

They conceive evil and bring forth iniquity.

5They hatch vipers’ eggs and weave the spider’s web;

He who eats of their eggs dies,

And from that which is crushed a viper breaks out.

6Their webs will not become garments,

Nor will they cover themselves with their works;

Their works are works of iniquity,

And the act of violence is in their hands.

7Their feet run to evil,

And they make haste to shed innocent blood;

Their thoughts are thoughts of iniquity;

Wasting and destruction are in their paths.

8The way of peace they have not known,

And there is no justice in their ways;

They have made themselves crooked paths;

Whoever takes that way shall not know peace.

Sin Confessed

Therefore justice is far from us,

Nor does righteousness overtake us;

We look for light, but there is darkness!

For brightness, but we walk in blackness!

10We grope for the wall like the blind,

And we grope as if we had no eyes;

We stumble at noonday as at twilight;

We are as dead men in desolate places.

11We all growl like bears,

And moan sadly like doves;

We look for justice, but there is none;

For salvation, but it is far from us.

12For our transgressions are multiplied before You,

And our sins testify against us;

For our transgressions are with us,

And as for our iniquities, we know them:

13In transgressing and lying against the LORD,

And departing from our God,

Speaking oppression and revolt,

Conceiving and uttering from the heart words of falsehood.

14Justice is turned back,

And righteousness stands afar off;

For truth is fallen in the street,

And equity cannot enter.

15So truth fails,

And he who departs from evil makes himself a prey.

The Redeemer of Zion

Then the LORD saw it, and it displeased Him

That there was no justice.

16He saw that there was no man,

And wondered that there was no intercessor;

Therefore His own arm brought salvation for Him;

And His own righteousness, it sustained Him.

17For He put on righteousness as a breastplate,

And a helmet of salvation on His head;

He put on the garments of vengeance for clothing,

And was clad with zeal as a cloak.

18According to their deeds, accordingly He will repay,

Fury to His adversaries,

Recompense to His enemies;

The coastlands He will fully repay.

19So shall they fear

The name of the LORD from the west,

And His glory from the rising of the sun;

When the enemy comes in like a flood,

The Spirit of the LORD will lift up a standard against him.

“The Redeemer will come to Zion,

And to those who turn from transgression in Jacob,”

Says the LORD.

21“As for Me,” says the LORD, “this is My covenant with them: My Spirit who is upon you, and My words which I have put in your mouth, shall not depart from your mouth, nor from the mouth of your descendants, nor from the mouth of your descendants’ descendants,” says the LORD, “from this time and forevermore.”

The Gentiles Bless Zion

Arise, shine;

For your light has come!

And the glory of the LORD is risen upon you.

2For behold, the darkness shall cover the earth,

And deep darkness the people;

But the LORD will arise over you,

And His glory will be seen upon you.

3The Gentiles shall come to your light,

And kings to the brightness of your rising.

4“Lift up your eyes all around, and see:

They all gather together, they come to you;

Your sons shall come from afar,

And your daughters shall be nursed at your side.

Then you shall see and become radiant,

And your heart shall swell with joy;

Because the abundance of the sea shall be turned to you,

The wealth of the Gentiles shall come to you.

6The multitude of camels shall cover your land,

The dromedaries of Midian and Ephah;

All those from Sheba shall come;

They shall bring gold and incense,

And they shall proclaim the praises of the LORD.

7All the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered together to you,

The rams of Nebaioth shall minister to you;

They shall ascend with acceptance on My altar,

And I will glorify the house of My glory.

8“Who are these who fly like a cloud,

And like doves to their roosts?

9Surely the coastlands shall wait for Me;

And the ships of Tarshish will come first,

To bring your sons from afar,

Their silver and their gold with them,

To the name of the LORD your God,

And to the Holy One of Israel,

Because He has glorified you.

10“The sons of foreigners shall build up your walls,

And their kings shall minister to you;

For in My wrath I struck you,

But in My favor I have had mercy on you.

11Therefore your gates shall be open continually;

They shall not be shut day or night,

That men may bring to you the wealth of the Gentiles,

And their kings in procession.

12For the nation and kingdom which will not serve you shall perish,

And those nations shall be utterly ruined.

13“The glory of Lebanon shall come to you,

The cypress, the pine, and the box tree together,

To beautify the place of My sanctuary;

And I will make the place of My feet glorious.

14Also the sons of those who afflicted you

Shall come bowing to you,

And all those who despised you shall fall prostrate at the soles of your feet;

And they shall call you The City of the LORD,

Zion of the Holy One of Israel.

“Whereas you have been forsaken and hated,

So that no one went through you,

I will make you an eternal excellence,

A joy of many generations.

16You shall drink the milk of the Gentiles,

And milk the breast of kings;

You shall know that I, the LORD, am your Savior

And your Redeemer, the Mighty One of Jacob.

17“Instead of bronze I will bring gold,

Instead of iron I will bring silver,

Instead of wood, bronze,

And instead of stones, iron.

I will also make your officers peace,

And your magistrates righteousness.

18Violence shall no longer be heard in your land,

Neither wasting nor destruction within your borders;

But you shall call your walls Salvation,

And your gates Praise.

God the Glory of His People

19“The sun shall no longer be your light by day,

Nor for brightness shall the moon give light to you;

But the LORD will be to you an everlasting light,

And your God your glory.

20Your sun shall no longer go down,

Nor shall your moon withdraw itself;

For the LORD will be your everlasting light,

And the days of your mourning shall be ended.

21Also your people shall all be righteous;

They shall inherit the land forever,

The branch of My planting,

The work of My hands,

That I may be glorified.

22A little one shall become a thousand,

And a small one a strong nation.

I, the LORD, will hasten it in its time.”

The Good News of Salvation

“The Spirit of the Lord GOD is upon Me,

Because the LORD has anointed Me

To preach good tidings to the poor;

He has sent Me to heal the brokenhearted,

To proclaim liberty to the captives,

And the opening of the prison to those who are bound;

2To proclaim the acceptable year of the LORD,

And the day of vengeance of our God;

To comfort all who mourn,

To console those who mourn in Zion,

To give them beauty for ashes,

The oil of joy for mourning,

The garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness;

That they may be called trees of righteousness,

The planting of the LORD, that He may be glorified.”

4And they shall rebuild the old ruins,

They shall raise up the former desolations,

And they shall repair the ruined cities,

The desolations of many generations.

5Strangers shall stand and feed your flocks,

And the sons of the foreigner

Shall be your plowmen and your vinedressers.

6But you shall be named the priests of the LORD,

They shall call you the servants of our God.

You shall eat the riches of the Gentiles,

And in their glory you shall boast.

7Instead of your shame you shall have double honor,

And instead of confusion they shall rejoice in their portion.

Therefore in their land they shall possess double;

Everlasting joy shall be theirs.

“For I, the LORD, love justice;

I hate robbery for burnt offering;

I will direct their work in truth,

And will make with them an everlasting covenant.

9Their descendants shall be known among the Gentiles,

And their offspring among the people.

All who see them shall acknowledge them,

That they are the posterity whom the LORD has blessed.”

I will greatly rejoice in the LORD,

My soul shall be joyful in my God;

For He has clothed me with the garments of salvation,

He has covered me with the robe of righteousness,

As a bridegroom decks himself with ornaments,

And as a bride adorns herself with her jewels.

11For as the earth brings forth its bud,

As the garden causes the things that are sown in it to spring forth,

So the Lord GOD will cause righteousness and praise to spring forth before all the nations.

Assurance of Zion’s Salvation

For Zion’s sake I will not hold My peace,

And for Jerusalem’s sake I will not rest,

Until her righteousness goes forth as brightness,

And her salvation as a lamp that burns.

2The Gentiles shall see your righteousness,

And all kings your glory.

You shall be called by a new name,

Which the mouth of the LORD will name.

3You shall also be a crown of glory

In the hand of the LORD,

And a royal diadem

In the hand of your God.

4You shall no longer be termed Forsaken,

Nor shall your land any more be termed Desolate;

But you shall be called Hephzibah, and your land Beulah;

For the LORD delights in you,

And your land shall be married.

5For as a young man marries a virgin,

So shall your sons marry you;

And as the bridegroom rejoices over the bride,

So shall your God rejoice over you.

I have set watchmen on your walls, O Jerusalem;

They shall never hold their peace day or night.

You who make mention of the LORD, do not keep silent,

7And give Him no rest till He establishes

And till He makes Jerusalem a praise in the earth.

The LORD has sworn by His right hand

And by the arm of His strength:

“Surely I will no longer give your grain

As food for your enemies;

And the sons of the foreigner shall not drink your new wine,

For which you have labored.

9But those who have gathered it shall eat it,

And praise the LORD;

Those who have brought it together shall drink it in My holy courts.”

Go through,

Go through the gates!

Prepare the way for the people;

Build up,

Build up the highway!

Take out the stones,

Lift up a banner for the peoples!

11Indeed the LORD has proclaimed

To the end of the world:

“Say to the daughter of Zion,

‘Surely your salvation is coming;

Behold, His reward is with Him,

And His work before Him.’ ”

12And they shall call them The Holy People,

The Redeemed of the LORD;

And you shall be called Sought Out,

A City Not Forsaken.

The LORD in Judgment and Salvation

Who is this who comes from Edom,

With dyed garments from Bozrah,

This One who is glorious in His apparel,

Traveling in the greatness of His strength?—

“I who speak in righteousness, mighty to save.”

2Why is Your apparel red,

And Your garments like one who treads in the winepress?

3“I have trodden the winepress alone,

And from the peoples no one was with Me.

For I have trodden them in My anger,

And trampled them in My fury;

Their blood is sprinkled upon My garments,

And I have stained all My robes.

4For the day of vengeance is in My heart,

And the year of My redeemed has come.

5I looked, but there was no one to help,

And I wondered

That there was no one to uphold;

Therefore My own arm brought salvation for Me;

And My own fury, it sustained Me.

6I have trodden down the peoples in My anger,

Made them drunk in My fury,

And brought down their strength to the earth.”

God’s Mercy Remembered

I will mention the lovingkindnesses of the LORD

And the praises of the LORD,

According to all that the LORD has bestowed on us,

And the great goodness toward the house of Israel,

Which He has bestowed on them according to His mercies,

According to the multitude of His lovingkindnesses.

8For He said, “Surely they are My people,

Children who will not lie.”

So He became their Savior.

9In all their affliction He was afflicted,

And the Angel of His Presence saved them;

In His love and in His pity He redeemed them;

And He bore them and carried them

All the days of old.

10But they rebelled and grieved His Holy Spirit;

So He turned Himself against them as an enemy,

And He fought against them.

11Then he remembered the days of old,

Moses and his people, saying:

“Where is He who brought them up out of the sea

With the shepherd of His flock?

Where is He who put His Holy Spirit within them,

12Who led them by the right hand of Moses,

With His glorious arm,

Dividing the water before them

To make for Himself an everlasting name,

13Who led them through the deep,

As a horse in the wilderness,

That they might not stumble?”

14As a beast goes down into the valley,

And the Spirit of the LORD causes him to rest,

So You lead Your people,

To make Yourself a glorious name.

A Prayer of Penitence

Look down from heaven,

And see from Your habitation, holy and glorious.

Where are Your zeal and Your strength,

The yearning of Your heart and Your mercies toward me?

Are they restrained?

16Doubtless You are our Father,

Though Abraham was ignorant of us,

And Israel does not acknowledge us.

You, O LORD, are our Father;

Our Redeemer from Everlasting is Your name.

17O LORD, why have You made us stray from Your ways,

And hardened our heart from Your fear?

Return for Your servants’ sake,

The tribes of Your inheritance.

18Your holy people have possessed it but a little while;

Our adversaries have trodden down Your sanctuary.

19We have become like those of old, over whom You never ruled,

Those who were never called by Your name.

1Oh, that You would rend the heavens!

That You would come down!

That the mountains might shake at Your presence—

2As fire burns brushwood,

As fire causes water to boil—

To make Your name known to Your adversaries,

That the nations may tremble at Your presence!

3When You did awesome things for which we did not look,

You came down,

The mountains shook at Your presence.

For since the beginning of the world

Men have not heard nor perceived by the ear,

Nor has the eye seen any God besides You,

Who acts for the one who waits for Him.

5You meet him who rejoices and does righteousness,

Who remembers You in Your ways.

You are indeed angry, for we have sinned—

In these ways we continue;

And we need to be saved.

6But we are all like an unclean thing,

And all our righteousnesses are like filthy rags;

We all fade as a leaf,

And our iniquities, like the wind,

Have taken us away.

7And there is no one who calls on Your name,

Who stirs himself up to take hold of You;

For You have hidden Your face from us,

And have consumed us because of our iniquities.

8But now, O LORD,

You are our Father;

We are the clay, and You our potter;

And all we are the work of Your hand.

9Do not be furious, O LORD,

Nor remember iniquity forever;

Indeed, please look—we all are Your people!

10Your holy cities are a wilderness,

Zion is a wilderness,

Jerusalem a desolation.

11Our holy and beautiful temple,

Where our fathers praised You,

Is burned up with fire;

And all our pleasant things are laid waste.

Will You restrain Yourself because of these things, O LORD?

Will You hold Your peace, and afflict us very severely?

The Righteousness of God’s Judgment

“I was sought by those who did not ask for Me;

I was found by those who did not seek Me.

I said, ‘Here I am, here I am,’

To a nation that was not called by My name.

I have stretched out My hands all day long to a rebellious people,

Who walk in a way that is not good,

According to their own thoughts;

3A people who provoke Me to anger continually to My face;

Who sacrifice in gardens,

And burn incense on altars of brick;

4Who sit among the graves,

And spend the night in the tombs;

Who eat swine’s flesh,

And the broth of abominable things is in their vessels;

5Who say, ‘Keep to yourself,

Do not come near me,

For I am holier than you!’

These are smoke in My nostrils,

A fire that burns all the day.

6“Behold, it is written before Me:

I will not keep silence, but will repay—

Even repay into their bosom—

7Your iniquities and the iniquities of your fathers together,”

Says the LORD,

“Who have burned incense on the mountains

And blasphemed Me on the hills;

Therefore I will measure their former work into their bosom.”

Thus says the LORD:

“As the new wine is found in the cluster,

And one says, ‘Do not destroy it,

For a blessing is in it,’

So will I do for My servants’ sake,

That I may not destroy them all.

9I will bring forth descendants from Jacob,

And from Judah an heir of My mountains;

My elect shall inherit it,

And My servants shall dwell there.

Sharon shall be a fold of flocks,

And the Valley of Achor a place for herds to lie down,

For My people who have sought Me.

“But you are those who forsake the LORD,

Who forget My holy mountain,

Who prepare a table for Gad,

And who furnish a drink offering for Meni.

12Therefore I will number you for the sword,

And you shall all bow down to the slaughter;

Because, when I called, you did not answer;

When I spoke, you did not hear,

But did evil before My eyes,

And chose that in which I do not delight.”

13Therefore thus says the Lord GOD:

“Behold, My servants shall eat,

But you shall be hungry;

Behold, My servants shall drink,

But you shall be thirsty;

Behold, My servants shall rejoice,

But you shall be ashamed;

14Behold, My servants shall sing for joy of heart,

But you shall cry for sorrow of heart,

And wail for grief of spirit.

15You shall leave your name as a curse to My chosen;

For the Lord GOD will slay you,

And call His servants by another name;

16So that he who blesses himself in the earth

Shall bless himself in the God of truth;

And he who swears in the earth

Shall swear by the God of truth;

Because the former troubles are forgotten,

And because they are hidden from My eyes.

The Glorious New Creation

“For behold, I create new heavens and a new earth;

And the former shall not be remembered or come to mind.

18But be glad and rejoice forever in what I create;

For behold, I create Jerusalem as a rejoicing,

And her people a joy.

19I will rejoice in Jerusalem,

And joy in My people;

The voice of weeping shall no longer be heard in her,

Nor the voice of crying.

20“No more shall an infant from there live but a few days,

Nor an old man who has not fulfilled his days;

For the child shall die one hundred years old,

But the sinner being one hundred years old shall be accursed.

21They shall build houses and inhabit them;

They shall plant vineyards and eat their fruit.

22They shall not build and another inhabit;

They shall not plant and another eat;

For as the days of a tree, so shall be the days of My people,

And My elect shall long enjoy the work of their hands.

23They shall not labor in vain,

Nor bring forth children for trouble;

For they shall be the descendants of the blessed of the LORD,

And their offspring with them.

24“It shall come to pass

That before they call, I will answer;

And while they are still speaking, I will hear.

25The wolf and the lamb shall feed together,

The lion shall eat straw like the ox,

And dust shall be the serpent’s food.

They shall not hurt nor destroy in all My holy mountain,”

Says the LORD.

True Worship and False

Thus says the LORD:

“Heaven is My throne,

And earth is My footstool.

Where is the house that you will build Me?

And where is the place of My rest?

2For all those things My hand has made,

And all those things exist,”

Says the LORD.

“But on this one will I look:

On him who is poor and of a contrite spirit,

And who trembles at My word.

3“He who kills a bull is as if he slays a man;

He who sacrifices a lamb, as if he breaks a dog’s neck;

He who offers a grain offering, as if he offers swine’s blood;

He who burns incense, as if he blesses an idol.

Just as they have chosen their own ways,

And their soul delights in their abominations,

4So will I choose their delusions,

And bring their fears on them;

Because, when I called, no one answered,

When I spoke they did not hear;

But they did evil before My eyes,

And chose that in which I do not delight.”

The LORD Vindicates Zion

5Hear the word of the LORD,

You who tremble at His word:

“Your brethren who hated you,

Who cast you out for My name’s sake, said,

‘Let the LORD be glorified,

That we may see your joy.’

But they shall be ashamed.”

6The sound of noise from the city!

A voice from the temple!

The voice of the LORD,

Who fully repays His enemies!

7“Before she was in labor, she gave birth;

Before her pain came,

She delivered a male child.

8Who has heard such a thing?

Who has seen such things?

Shall the earth be made to give birth in one day?

Or shall a nation be born at once?

For as soon as Zion was in labor,

She gave birth to her children.

9Shall I bring to the time of birth, and not cause delivery?” says the LORD.

“Shall I who cause delivery shut up the womb?” says your God.

10“Rejoice with Jerusalem,

And be glad with her, all you who love her;

Rejoice for joy with her, all you who mourn for her;

11That you may feed and be satisfied

With the consolation of her bosom,

That you may drink deeply and be delighted

With the abundance of her glory.”

12For thus says the LORD:

“Behold, I will extend peace to her like a river,

And the glory of the Gentiles like a flowing stream.

Then you shall feed;

On her sides shall you be carried,

And be dandled on her knees.

13As one whom his mother comforts,

So I will comfort you;

And you shall be comforted in Jerusalem.”

The Reign and Indignation of God

When you see this, your heart shall rejoice,

And your bones shall flourish like grass;

The hand of the LORD shall be known to His servants,

And His indignation to His enemies.

15For behold, the LORD will come with fire

And with His chariots, like a whirlwind,

To render His anger with fury,

And His rebuke with flames of fire.

16For by fire and by His sword

The LORD will judge all flesh;

And the slain of the LORD shall be many.

“Those who sanctify themselves and purify themselves,

To go to the gardens

After an idol in the midst,

Eating swine’s flesh and the abomination and the mouse,

Shall be consumed together,” says the LORD.

18“For I know their works and their thoughts. It shall be that I will gather all nations and tongues; and they shall come and see My glory.

“I will set a sign among them; and those among them who escape I will send to the nations: to Tarshish and Pul and Lud, who draw the bow, and Tubal and Javan, to the coastlands afar off who have not heard My fame nor seen My glory. And they shall declare My glory among the Gentiles.

20“Then they shall bring all your brethren for an offering to the LORD out of all nations, on horses and in chariots and in litters, on mules and on camels, to My holy mountain Jerusalem,” says the LORD, “as the children of Israel bring an offering in a clean vessel into the house of the LORD.

21“And I will also take some of them for priests and Levites,” says the LORD.

22“For as the new heavens and the new earth

Which I will make shall remain before Me,” says the LORD,

“So shall your descendants and your name remain.

23And it shall come to pass

That from one New Moon to another,

And from one Sabbath to another,

All flesh shall come to worship before Me,” says the LORD.

“And they shall go forth and look

Upon the corpses of the men

Who have transgressed against Me.

For their worm does not die,

And their fire is not quenched.

They shall be an abhorrence to all flesh.”

Annotations for Isaiah

This chapter describes a courtroom scene. God convenes the court and states the charges (vv. ). He presents His case and pronounces the nation guilty (vv. ), but He gives the accused opportunity to repent and be forgiven (vv. ). Be sure to notice His strong and negative description of His sinful people.

God said that His people were rebellious children who did not have as much devotion to God as animals do to their masters. The word “rebel” carries with it the idea of breaking a contract. At Sinai, Israel had entered into a solemn covenant with Jehovah (), but they had broken the contract by their unbelief and idolatry. They did not appreciate what God had done for them and were taking their blessings for granted. They had forsaken the Lord, gone backward, and grown corrupt; therefore, they were guilty and deserved judgment.

, From the human point of view the nation was prospering, but from God’s point of view the nation was like a wretched victim who had been beaten from head to foot and left to die. The wounds had become infected and the whole body diseased, and no one was doing anything to help. The false prophets and hypocritical priests of that day would have challenged Isaiah’s autopsy of the body politic, but the prophet knew that his diagnosis was true. Despite the optimism of Judah’s leaders, the nation was morally and spiritually sick, and judgment was inevitable.

These verses picture Judah as a ravaged battlefield, a desert that had once been a garden. In using this image, Isaiah may have been looking ahead to the invasion of Sennacherib, when Judah would be devastated by the Assyrian army with only Jerusalem spared (chs. ). Because the people would not let God manage the land according to His law, God turned them over to foreigners and permitted His people to suffer (.).

The disgusting fact about this rebellious people is that they were also a religious people. They worshiped at the temple, bringing many sacrifices to the Lord; but their hearts were far from God, and their worship was hypocritical. Sacrifices alone can never please God, for along with the outward observance, God wants inward obedience (), a contrite heart (), and a godly walk (). Before passing judgment on worshipers in a bygone era, perhaps we should confess the sins of the worshiping church today. In our churches we ought to consider our investment in the poor and needy over the building of edifices that can debilitate the mission of the church in sharing and demonstrating the gospel of Christ in our world.

Isaiah didn’t stop with the diagnosis but also gave the prescription because he wanted Judah to be a righteous people. The word translated “reason” in verse means “to decide a case in court.” Here, however, instead of pronouncing judgment, the Judge offered pardon! If the people would cleanse themselves by repenting and turning from sin (vv. , ; see ), then God would wipe the record clean in response to their faith (). God had every reason to punish His people for their sins, but in His grace and mercy He offered them His pardon.

Isaiah named murder (v. ), robbery, bribery, exploiting the helpless (v. ), and worshiping heathen idols (v. ) among Israel’s sins. Because of their idolatry, the once-faithful wife was now a harlot, and because of their unjust practices, the nation’s pure silver had become dross. Tragically, many of the worshipers in the temple participated in these evil practices and thereby encouraged the decay of the nation. The rulers maintained a religious façade to cover up their crimes, and the people let them do it.

The prophet looked ahead to the time when God’s righteous kingdom would be established and the temple would become the center for the worldwide worship of the Lord. In Isaiah’s day, the Jews were adopting the false gods of the Gentiles, but the day would come when the Gentiles would abandon their idols and worship the true God of Israel. The nations would also lay down their weapons and stop warring. These promises must not be simply applied to the church, for they describe a literal kingdom of righteousness and peace. The Jewish temple will be rebuilt, and the Word of God will go forth from Jerusalem to govern the nations of the world.

The “day of the LORD” (also called the “day of judgment”) is that period of time when God will send judgment to the nations and purify Israel in preparation for the coming of their King to reign in Jerusalem. The day of the Lord is described by John (), by the prophets (.; ; ; .; .; .), and by the Lord Jesus (; ; ). It will be a time of terrible suffering: The environment will be devastated, and millions of people will die.

Catalyst

Isaiah’s prophetic words of judgment on the people of Israel had both a short-term and long-term fulfillment. They were soon fulfilled in the fall of the nation, but they await their eventual fulfillment in God’s timing over all of history.

(1) Why will God judge His people? Because of their idolatry, covetousness, pride, and exploiting of the poor (). Instead of holding to the truth of God’s Word, they were “filled with eastern ways” (v. ), like many religious seekers today. The growth of Eastern religions in the modern Western world is a phenomenon that is both frightening and challenging. Even nonreligious people are practicing Eastern forms of meditation and relaxation, following techniques that are being taught in university classes and business seminars.

The prosperity of the nation made leaders proud and covetous. Instead of trusting the Lord, they trusted their wealth and war equipment, not realizing that neither would deliver them in the coming judgment day. The leaders were exploiting the poor, crushing them like grain in a mill (). God will not allow His people to be proud and self-confident but will humble them and cut them down like trees in the forest. “And the Lord alone shall be exalted in that day” (, ) when men and women flee from His wrath and discover the worthlessness of their idols and the consequences of their sins ().

(2) How will God judge His people? By taking away from them everything they were trusting, including food and water, leaders and soldiers, and judges and prophets (). The entire support system of the nation would disintegrate, and no remedy would be available. Nobody would want to hold office except women and children. (In Judah’s male-dominated society, this would be a humiliating calamity.) The national leaders in Isaiah’s day were charting a course that was out of the will of God and would ultimately bring disaster, but the righteous remnant would be protected by God ().

Go to the

God is longsuffering as He watches people viciously exploit one another and selfishly ravage His creation. But a day is coming when unbelieving sinners will be punished and God’s people will share in the glories of His kingdom.

After denouncing the men in leadership, the prophet zeroed in on the proud women who were profiting from their husbands’ crimes. The prophet Amos had a similar message for the women in the northern kingdom (). Everything would be different for these women when the judgment of God came to the land. In that day, nobody would notice their expensive clothes, their jewelry and perfumes, and their elaborate coiffures. They would be prisoners of war, led by a rope, like cattle going to the slaughter. Sooner or later, the justice of God will catch up with every person.

So many men would be killed there wouldn’t be enough husbands to go around. One of the “unintended consequences” of godless living is societal chaos. Disastrous wars can remove a healthy balance of males from society. We also have contemporary examples of nations seeking to control population growth through selective childbirth and abortion only to discover that the majority of rejected (killed) pregnancies are little girls, eventually causing the same kind of societal imbalances. Sin destroys lives, but it also destroys nations.

The prophet looked beyond the day of the Lord to that time when the kingdom would be established on earth. “Branch of the LORD” is a messianic title for Jesus Christ, who would come as a “shoot” from the seeming dead stump of David’s dynasty (; ; see ; ; ; ).

God will cleanse His people (see ), restore the fruitfulness of the land, and dwell with them as He did when He led them through the wilderness (, ; see , ). Not just the temple, but every dwelling will be blessed by the presence of the Lord! Unlike in Isaiah’s day, “in that day” () the people will be holy (set apart), and the land will be beautiful and glorious.

The prophet became a troubadour and sang a folk song to the Lord (“my Well-beloved”). Perhaps the people who had ignored his sermons would listen to his song. He sang about his own people (v. ) and pointed out how good God had been to them. God gave them a holy law and a wonderful land, but they had broken the law and had defiled the land with their sins and had failed to produce fruit for God’s glory. God had done for them all that He could do. Now all that remained for God to do was bring judgment on the fruitless vineyard and make it a waste.

What were the “wild grapes” that the nation produced instead of the “good grapes” that God sought for? In the six statements of woe that follow (“what woe to those,” see vv. , , , , , ), Isaiah named the sins that brought judgment on the land. These woes parallel the intensity of Jesus’ words to those who should have known better in his own day (see , , , , , , ). Sin sometimes succeeds for a season, but sorrow is the inevitable long-term result.

In disobedience to the law (; ), the rich had defrauded the poor and seized the land. These wealthy exploiters had built large mansions and developed extensive farms, but God warned them that their houses would be empty and their harvests meager. Imagine ten acres of grapevines yielding only six gallons of wine and ten bushels of seed producing only one basket of grain.

In the Old Testament, God did not require avoiding alcohol altogether, but He did warn against drunkenness (; ; ). The New Testament repeats this warning (; , ; ). Isaiah described people so addicted to alcohol that they would begin their revelries as soon as they woke up in the morning, and they would continue their drinking till late at night. They enjoyed banquets and music and got involved in drunken mobs (). But when judgment comes, these people will hunger and thirst and become food for the grave.

, Isaiah described people who, though bound by sin, speak frequently of the Lord and His warnings. “They even mock God.” The title “Holy One of Israel” (v. ) is used twenty-five times in Isaiah, but these sinners had no respect for that name. They were no different than today’s skeptical scoffers who speak lightly of the Lord and think they will get away with it.

Moral standards were destroyed by new definitions of sin (see ), people using God’s vocabulary but not His dictionary. Like today’s doublespeak, this kind of language made it easy to deceive people and avoid a guilty conscience. In today’s world, increased taxes are “revenue enhancements,” and poor people are “fiscal underachievers.” Medical malpractice is not the cause of a patient’s death; it’s a “diagnostic misadventure of high magnitude.”

Instead of listening to God, the leaders consulted with one another and made decisions based on their own wisdom. “Professing to be wise, they became fools” (; see ). “Do not be wise in your own eyes; fear the LORD and depart from evil” ().

The judges who were supposed to enforce the law used their authority to free the guilty and punish the innocent. They were more interested in cocktail parties than fair trials and in making money (bribes) than promoting justice. Isaiah warned these corrupt politicians that the fire of God’s wrath was coming and would burn them up. They were like cut flowers and had no roots—beautiful for a time, but destined to die and turn to dust.

The phrase in this verse about God’s anger is repeated in , , and , and in . His hand was raised in judgment and would not come down until He had completed His work. God would summon the Assyrian army from afar and use it to chasten His people (). The northern kingdom of Israel would be destroyed, and Judah, the southern kingdom, would be devastated but eventually delivered, only to go in captivity to Babylon a century later. God was serious about the nation’s sins. If they would not repent and accept His offer of pardon (), then all He could do was send judgment.

Anyone reading Isaiah’s first two messages might be inclined to ask, “What right does this man have to pronounce judgment on the leaders of our land and the many worshipers in the temple?” The answer is in chapter : Isaiah gives his account of his call to ministry. Before he announced any woes on others, he first confessed his own sin and said, “Woe is me, for I am undone!” (v. ). Isaiah saw the Holy One of Israel and could not keep silent. Note four stages in Isaiah’s experience with God.

• He saw the Lord (vv. ). We assume that Isaiah was in the temple when this marvelous event occurred, but we cannot be sure. The temple referred to in verse is the heavenly temple, rather than Solomon’s temple. King Uzziah died in 740 B.C. and was one of Judah’s greatest leaders, even though in his latter years he was disciplined for disobeying God (). A great king may have left his throne on earth, but the greatest King was still seated on the throne of heaven. According to , this was the Lord Jesus Christ.

• He saw himself (vv. ). The sight of a holy God and the sound of the holy hymn of worship brought great conviction to Isaiah’s heart, and he confessed that he was a sinner. Unclean lips are caused by an unclean heart (, ). Isaiah cried out to be cleansed inwardly (), and God met his need. If this scene had been on earth, the coals would have come from the bronze altar where sacrificial blood had been shed or, perhaps, from the censer of the high priest on the Day of Atonement (). Isaiah’s cleansing came by blood and fire, and it was verified by the word of the Lord ().

• He saw the need (v. ). The nation needed the Lord, and the Lord wanted a servant to minister to the people. Isaiah volunteered to be that servant. He did not discuss his call with God, as had Moses () and Jeremiah (.), but accepted the appointment and made himself available to his Master. Never underestimate what God can do with one willing worker. We have an even greater need for laborers today, and we have tremendous opportunities for sharing the gospel with a lost world. Are you one of God’s willing volunteers?

• The nation could not see (vv. ). The Lord did not give His servant much encouragement. Isaiah’s ministry would actually make some people’s eyes more blind, their ears more deaf, and their hearts more callused. God does not deliberately make sinners blind, deaf, and hard-hearted; the more that people resist God’s truth, however, the less able they are to receive God’s truth. But the servant is to proclaim the Word no matter how people respond, for the test of ministry is faithfulness to the Lord, not outward success.

Go to the

Only here are the seraphim mentioned in Scripture. The Hebrew word seraphim means “to burn” and relates these creatures to the holiness of God. This is why they repeat, “Holy, holy, holy” before the throne of God. Some students think that the seraphim are the “living beings” described in .

, Before we can minister to others, we must permit God to minister to us. Before we pronounce bad news and God’s judgment upon others, we must sincerely admit our own sin and inadequacies. Isaiah’s conviction led to confession, and confession led to cleansing (see ). Like Isaiah, many of the other great heroes of faith saw themselves as sinners and humbled themselves before God: Abraham (), Jacob (), Job (), David (), Paul (), and Peter ().

, These verses are so important that they are quoted six times in the New Testament (; ; ; ; ; ).

God told Isaiah that his ministry would end in seeming failure, with the land ruined and the people taken off to exile. But a remnant would survive! It would be like the stump of a fallen tree from which the shoots (“the holy seed”—v. ) would come, and they would continue the true faith in the land. Isaiah needed a long-range perspective on his ministry or else he would feel like he was accomplishing nothing.

God sent Isaiah with a message of hope, a promise, to King Ahaz (vv. ). These were perilous days for the nation of Judah. Assyria was growing stronger and threatening the smaller nations whose security depended on a very delicate political balance. Syria and Ephraim (the northern kingdom) tried to pressure Judah into an alliance against Assyria, but Ahaz refused to join them. Why? Because he had secretly made a treaty with Assyria (). The king was playing power politics instead of trusting in the power of God. Syria and Ephraim planned to overthrow Ahaz and put “the son of Tabel” () on the throne, and Ahaz was afraid.

Ahaz’s heart had been wavering, and the hearts of his people had been shaking for fear, but Isaiah brought him God’s message of assurance: “Take heed, and be quiet; do not fear or be fainthearted” (v. ). How would Ahaz find this inner peace? By believing God’s promise that Judah’s enemies would be defeated. “If you will not believe, surely you shall not be established” (v. ). Faith in God’s promises is the only way to find peace in times of trouble. “You will keep him in perfect peace, whose mind is stayed on You” ().

In God’s eyes, the two threatening kings were nothing but “two stubs of smoking firebrands” who would be off the scene very soon, and they both died two years later. Furthermore, within sixty-five years, Ephraim (Israel, the northern kingdom) would be gone forever. Isaiah spoke this prophecy in the year 734 B.C. Assyria defeated Syria in 732 B.C. and invaded Israel in 722 B.C. They deported many of the Israelites and assimilated the rest by introducing Gentiles into the land. By 669 B.C. (sixty-five years later), the nation no longer existed.

If Ahaz had believed God’s promise, he would have broken his alliance and called the nation to prayer and praise, but the king continued in his unbelief. Realizing the weakness of the king’s faith, Isaiah offered to give a sign to encourage him, but Ahaz put on a pious front and refused his offer. Knowing that he was secretly allied with Assyria, how could Ahaz honestly ask the Lord for a special sign? So, instead of speaking only to the king, Isaiah addressed the whole “house of David” and gave the prophecy concerning “Immanuel.”

The ultimate fulfillment of this prophecy is in our Lord Jesus Christ, who is “God with us” (see ; ). The virgin birth of Christ is a key doctrine; for if Jesus Christ is not God come in sinless human flesh, then we have no Savior. Jesus had to be born of a virgin, apart from human generation, because He existed before His mother. He was not just born in this world; He came down from heaven into the world (; , , , , , , ). Jesus was sent by the Father and therefore came into the world having a human mother but not a human father (; , , ; ).

, Orthodox Jewish boys become “sons of the law” at the age of twelve. This special son was a reminder that Syria and Ephraim would be out of the picture within the next twelve years. Isaiah delivered his prophecy in 734 B.C. In 732 B.C. Assyria defeated Syria, and in 722 B.C. Assyria invaded the northern kingdom. The prophecy was fulfilled.

Instead of trusting the Lord, Ahaz continued to trust Assyria for help, and Isaiah warned him that Assyria would become Judah’s enemy. The Assyrians would invade Judah and so ravage the land that agriculture would cease and the people would have only dairy products to eat (vv. , ). The rich farmland would become wasteland, and the people would be forced to hunt wild beasts in order to get food. It would be a time of great humiliation (v. ; , ) and suffering that could have been avoided had the leaders trusted in the Lord.

Isaiah married the virgin, and the legal documents were duly witnessed and sealed. He even announced that their first child would be a son and his name would be Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz, which means “swift to plunder, quick to carry away.” That child would be a living reminder of God’s prophecy through Isaiah.

In the remainder of this chapter, Isaiah used three vivid contrasts to show the rulers of Judah the mistake they were making by trusting Assyria instead of the Lord. They chose: a flood instead of a peaceful river (vv. ), a snare instead of a sanctuary (vv. ), and darkness instead of light (vv. ).

The pro-Assyrian faction in Judah rejoiced when Assyria defeated Syria and when both Pekah and Rezin died. These victories seemed to prove that an alliance with Assyria would be the safest course to follow. Instead of trusting the Lord (“the waters of Shiloah that flow softly” in v. ), they trusted the great river of Assyria. What they did not realize was that this river would become a flood when Assyria would come and destroy Israel and devastate Judah. God offered His people peace, but in unbelief they opted for war. They were walking by sight and not by faith.

God warned Isaiah not to follow the majority and support the popular pro-Assyrian party. Even though his stand was looked upon as treason, Isaiah opposed all foreign alliances and urged the people to put their faith in the Lord (; ; ). The Jewish political leaders were asking, “Is it popular? Is it safe?” But the prophet was asking, “Is it right? Is it the will of God?” When you fear the Lord, you don’t need to fear people or circumstances. Isaiah compared the Lord to a sanctuary, a rock that is a refuge for believers but a snare to those who rebel. The image of Messiah as a rock is found again in .

The nation had rejected Isaiah’s message, but that didn’t mean his ministry was a failure. The true disciples of the Lord received God’s Word and treasured it in their hearts. By faith, the prophet was willing to wait patiently for God’s Word to be fulfilled.

In their time of crisis, instead of turning to God for wisdom, the people consulted demons (cf. ), and this only increased their moral and spiritual darkness. The increase of the occult in our own day is evidence that people are deliberately rejecting God’s Word and turning to Satan’s lies.

The name Shear-Jashub () means “a remnant will return,” and the return of the Jewish remnant to their land is a major theme in these chapters (; , , ). When Assyria conquered the northern kingdom of Israel (Ephraim), the nation was never restored but became what we know as Samaria. After the Babylonian captivity (606–586 B.C.), the people of Judah were given another chance to establish themselves in the land, and through them the Lord brought the Messiah into the world. Had a remnant not returned, God’s plans for redeeming a lost world might have been frustrated. How much would depend on that small remnant!

Even if his words were to fall on deaf ears, Isaiah and his family would be a living prophecy that the nation could not ignore. Isaiah’s name means “Jehovah is salvation,” and this would remind the people to trust the Lord to deliver them. His older son’s name means “A remnant will return,” and this was a word of promise when the nation teetered on the verge of destruction. A believing remnant did return to Jerusalem from Babylon, and they were encouraged by what Isaiah had written in chapters .

The Lord promised to Israel (and through Israel to us) a Redeemer. Isaiah continued the theme of light and darkness () by announcing that the darkness and despair “will not be upon her who is distressed, as when at first” (). The Redeemer will come and bring to the world the dawning of a new day (v. ; , ; ). We know that this prophecy refers to Jesus because of the way it is quoted in .

Here the prophet looked beyond the first coming of Christ to His Second Coming and the establishing of His righteous kingdom. Instead of protecting a small remnant, God would enlarge the nation. Instead of experiencing sorrow, the people would rejoice like reapers after a great harvest, soldiers after a great victory, or prisoners of war after being released from their yoke of bondage. Of course, some of this occurred when God defeated Assyria and delivered Jerusalem (ch. ). But the ultimate fulfillment is still future; all military material will be destroyed () because the nations will not learn war any more ().

Isaiah declared both the humanity (“a Child is born”) and the deity (“a Son is given”) of the Lord Jesus Christ. The prophet then leaped ahead to the kingdom age when Messiah will reign in righteousness and justice from David’s throne. God had promised David that his dynasty and throne would be established forever (), and this was fulfilled literally in Jesus Christ (, ; see ), who will one day reign from Jerusalem.

, If His name is “Wonderful,” then there will be nothing dull about His reign! As “Counselor,” He has the wisdom to rule justly; and as the “Mighty God,” He has the power to execute His wise plans. “Everlasting Father” does not suggest that the Son is also the Father, for each Person in the Godhead is distinct. “Father of eternity” would be a better translation. Among the Jews, the word “father” means “originator” or “source.” For example, Satan is the “father of lies” (). If you want anything eternal, you must get it from Jesus Christ; He is the “Father of eternity.”

God judged Israel for their sins. This long section describes what would happen to the northern kingdom when the Assyrians invaded. While Isaiah’s ministry was primarily to the people of Judah, He used Israel as an object lesson to warn the southern kingdom that God does not take sin lightly. Judah had sinned greatly, but God in His mercy spared them for David’s sake (; ; ; ). But God’s longsuffering would one day end.

“His hand is stretched out still.” This refers to the outstretched hand of God’s judgment, not His mercy (; ). God was judging the people for their pride in thinking that their present difficulties were temporary and that the nation could rebuild itself better than before. He also judged the nation for their hardness of heart in their refusal to repent and return to Him (). God’s loving purpose in chastening is that we yield to Him, but if we harden our hearts, then chastening becomes judgment (). Israel was being led astray by false prophets and foolish leaders; the nation would not listen to God’s Word.

, Ephraim’s own wickedness was destroying the nation the way a fire destroys a forest or a field. But the sinners would become fuel for the fire God could kindle! In their greed, the people of the northern kingdom were devouring one another (v. ) and batthng one another (v. ), but they would soon be devoured and defeated by Assyria.

Catalyst

Isaiah denounced Ephraim for its injustice, especially toward the poor, the widows, and the orphans. Unjust laws and oppressive decrees robbed these people both of their meager possessions and their God-given rights (, ; , ). The prophet’s three questions in ought to be pondered by every person who wants to be ready when Christ returns: “What will you do in the day of punishment, and in the desolation which will come from afar? To whom will you flee for help? And where will you leave your glory?”

If God cannot bring us to repentance through His Word, then He must lift His hand and chasten us. If we do not submit to His chastening, then He must stretch out His hand and judge us. God is longsuffering, but we dare not tempt Him by our careless or callous attitude. “It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God” ().

Go to the

“Woe to Assyria, the rod of My anger” is how this section begins. Though God had used Assyria to chasten Judah, He would not permit His “rod” to exalt itself in pride. Assyria was His rod, club, ax, and saw (vv. , , ), but the Assyrians were treating Israel like mud in the streets (v. ) and had plundered the land like a farmer gathering eggs (v. ). God’s purpose was to discipline, but the Assyrians were out to destroy (v. ). They boasted of their conquests (vv. ; see ) but did not give glory to God. Because of their arrogant attitude, God would judge Assyria, for the worker certainly has mastery over His tools.

God used Assyria to discipline His people, but He would not permit this godless nation to go beyond His purposes. God may use unbelievers to accomplish His will in the lives of His people, but He is always in control. We need never fear the disciplining hand of God, for He always disciplines in love (). This principle is true for our individual lives as well as for the nation of which we are a part.

In contrast to the proud trees that God cuts down (, ) the picture is now that of a tender shoot from a seemingly dead stump. Isaiah was looking beyond His people’s trials to the glorious kingdom that will be established when Messiah comes to reign (). David’s dynasty was ready to end, but out of his family the Messiah would come (; ). A godly remnant of Jews would keep the nation alive so that the Messiah could be born.

Jesus’ kingdom will involve righteous rule because the Son of God and the Spirit of God will administer its affairs justly. When the Messiah-King speaks the word, He speaks with power (; ). This kingdom is unlike any other that has ever been.

Jesus’ kingdom will also mean a restored creation because nature will once again enjoy the harmony it enjoyed before sin entered in (see also ; ). We are stewards of a temporary arrangement here on earth that has been ravaged by the effects of sin and the fall. We ourselves will never restore or conserve the earth into this picture ourselves. God will recreate the heavens and the earth (see ) in His timing.

The nucleus of the kingdom will be a regathered and reunited nation. The “root” will become a “banner” for the rallying of the people as God reaches out and gathers His people from the nations where they have been exiled (, ). This event will be like a second exodus as God opens the way for His people to return to their land. In a limited sense, this promise was fulfilled after the Assyrian conquest and when the Jews left Babylonian captivity, but the ultimate fulfillment will be at the end of the age when the Messiah regathers His people (, ; , ; , ; ; ). The centuries-long division between Israel and Judah will come to an end, and even the Gentiles will walk on the “highway” that leads to Jerusalem.

The “highway” is one of Isaiah’s favorite images. Those who obey the Lord have a level and smooth road to walk (, ). When God calls His people back to their land, He will prepare the way for them (, ) and lead them safely (). He will remove obstacles so the people can travel easily (; ; ). God’s highway will be called “the Highway of Holiness” (). When Isaiah looked at his people, he saw a sinful nation that would one day walk the “Highway of Holiness” and enter into a righteous kingdom.

Isaiah’s name means “Jehovah is salvation,” and “salvation” is a key theme in this song. “In that day” refers to the day of Israel’s regathering and reunion and the righteous reign of the Lord Jesus Christ. The Jewish remnant will have come through the time of tribulation on earth (“the time of Jacob’s trouble,” ), seen their Messiah, repented, and received Him by faith (; ). Cleansed and established in their promised kingdom, the nation will praise the Lord and extol Him among the Gentiles.

“The LORD is my strength and my song; He has become my salvation; He is my God, and I will praise Him; my father’s God, and I will exalt Him” ()—was sung at the exodus and at the rededication of the temple in Ezra’s day (). The phrase “become my salvation” can also be translated “given me victory.” It was sung by the Red Sea after the Israelites had been delivered from Egypt by Moses, a prophet. It was sung in Jerusalem when the second temple was dedicated under the leadership of Ezra, a priest. It will be sung again when the Jewish nation accepts Jesus Christ as its King. They will recognize Him as “the Holy One of Israel” () and willingly obey His holy law.

This joyful song closes the first section of Isaiah in which the prophet has used four significant names to tell the people what God had planned for them. Because of Immanuel, there is a message of hope. Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz gives a warning of judgment, but his brother Shear-Jashub speaks of a promise of mercy. The father’s name, Isaiah, brings a song of rejoicing as the people discover that Jehovah is indeed their salvation. The Lord will never forsake His people. No matter how difficult the days may be, or how long the nights, for the people of God, the best is yet to come.

This is a prophecy against Babylon. The word “Babel” means “gateway to a god” and sounds like the Hebrew word balal, which means “confusion” (; ). In Scripture, Babylon symbolizes the world system that humans have built in defiance of God. Jerusalem and Babylon are contrasting cities: One is the chosen city of God; the other is the wicked city of sinful humanity. The city of God will last forever, but the rebellious, human city will ultimately be destroyed (; ; , ).

Isaiah was told to announce how God musters His army (vv. , , ). God is sovereign. He is able to call any army He desires, to accomplish any task He assigns. He can summon them with a whistle () or by using leaders to raise a banner, shout, and beckon to the soldiers (). In this case, God was mustering the army of the Medes (v. ; ), and He “commanded [His] sanctified ones” (). Even though they did not believe in Jehovah God, the Medes were set apart by God to do His holy work.

God punishes His enemies. The city of Babylon was completely destroyed in 689 B.C. by Sennacherib and the Assyrian army, but it was rebuilt by Sennacherib’s son. In 539 B.C., Darius the Mede captured the city (), but he did not destroy it. In the centuries that followed, Babylon had its shining moments, but after the death of its last great conqueror, Alexander the Great, the city declined and soon was no more. Isaiah’s prophecy of this chapter was fulfilled, for the city was not rebuilt.

The image of the woman in travail is used in Scripture to describe a time of judgment (v. ; ; ; ; , ; ; ). Isaiah looked beyond that day to the day when the Babylonian world system would be destroyed ().

Whether or not Isaiah’s prophecy describes something more significant than the ups and downs of an ancient city is unclear. The prophets often would begin a message by focusing on local events, but then they would enlarge the vision to reveal something greater. Isaiah saw in the fall of Babylon a picture of “the day of the LORD” (vv. , , ), that time when God will pour out His wrath on the whole world (v. ).

The picture is of a mighty monarch whose pride has brought him to destruction. This is what happened to Belshazzar when Darius the Mede captured Babylon in 539 B.C. (). Isaiah described the king’s arrival in Sheol, the world of the dead, where the king’s wealth, glory, and power were gone. The dead kings already in Sheol stood in tribute to him (), but it was all a mockery. Death is the great leveler; no kings are in the world of the dead. “How you are fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning” (v. ) suggests that this king’s glory did not last very long. The morning star shines but is soon swallowed up by the light of the sun.

In this event, the prophet saw something far deeper than the defeat of an empire. In the fall of the king of Babylon, he saw the defeat of Satan, the “prince of this world,” who seeks to energize and motivate the leaders of nations (; ). indicates that Satan has assigned “princes” (fallen angels) to the various nations so that he can influence leaders to act contrary to the will of God.

The phrase “son of the morning” means “morning star” and indicates that Satan tries to imitate Jesus Christ, who is “the bright morning star” (). “I will be like the Most High” reveals his basic strategy, for he is an imitator (). Like the king of Babylon, Satan will one day be humiliated and defeated. He will be cast out of heaven () and finally cast into hell ().

The key word here is “thought.” God is in control of the rise and fall of the nations as He works out His divine purposes in the world. Assyria was His tool to accomplish His purposes (), and the day would come when God would judge Assyria (see .). The judgment would take place in the land of Judah, and God would be the judge. Assyria invaded Judah during Hezekiah’s reign (701 B.C.), and God destroyed the army as it threatened to capture Jerusalem (). God permitted Assyria to discipline Judah, but He would not allow the enemy to destroy His people.

Isaiah warned the Philistines that their rejoicing was presumptuous, for the new king would be worse than the previous one. Isaiah compared the dead Assyrian ruler to a snake that gave birth to an even worse serpent! “Wail, O gate! Cry, O city!” (v. ) Note in this prophecy that God had a special word of assurance for His own people, Judah. Even the poorest of the poor would have food and safety (v. ) and Zion would be delivered from the enemy (v. ; ), but the Philistines would be wiped out by war and famine (v. ). The Assyrian army would come from the north like a great cloud of smoke (v. ), and the gates of the great Philistine cities would not stop them.

The Moabites were the product of Lot’s incestuous union with his daughter () and were the long-standing, avowed enemies of the Israelites (; ; ).

Within three years (), this prophecy against Moab would be fulfilled with great national lamentation. At least fourteen different references to lamentation occur in this chapter: weeping, wailing, baldness, sackcloth, crying out, and others. The people would flee to their temples and pray to their gods, but to no avail (). Even a day of national humiliation would not stop Assyria from invading Moab and ravaging the land. Advancing armies often stopped up the springs and watercourses and left the land in desolation (vv. , ). The water in Moab would be stained with blood, so great would be the carnage (v. ).

The one place the Assyrians could not conquer was Jerusalem (). Though the Assyrian army entered the kingdom of Judah and did a great deal of damage to the land, it could not capture Jerusalem (chs. ). Instead of fleeing to Mount Zion, however, the Moabite fugitives fled south to the fords of the Arnon River and the rock city of Sela in Edom.

, Isaiah warned the people that they would need more than a request: They would need to submit to the king of Judah, which meant acknowledging the God of Judah. In that day, sending animals to a ruler was a form of paying tribute ().

Isaiah was not impressed with the appeals of the Moabites. He knew of their pride, arrogance, and rage, and he announced that the nation was destined to be destroyed. Why? Because they wanted Judah’s help, but they did not want Judah’s God. Verse is definitely a messianic promise, pointing to the day when Messiah will reign in righteousness and mercy on David’s throne. But Moab would not submit; they wanted deliverance on their own terms.

We can understand the pride of a city like Babylon (), but what did the tiny nation of Moab have to boast about? Their pride kept them from submitting to Judah, and this led to their defeat. Their boasting would turn into wailing and their songs into funeral dirges. Moab would become like a vineyard trampled down and a fruitful field left unharvested.

Damascus (Syria) and Israel (Ephraim, the northern kingdom) were allied in their opposition to both Assyria and Judah (, ), so the prophet spoke to both in one message. The emphasis in this section is on the God of Israel. He is the “LORD of hosts” (the Lord almighty), who controls the armies of heaven and earth (v. ). He is the “LORD God of Israel” (v. ), who called and blessed Israel and warned her of her sins. He is our “Maker . . . the Holy One of Israel” (v. ); He is the God of our salvation and our Rock (v. ). How foolish of the Israelites to trust their human-made idols instead of trusting the living God (v. ; ). But like Israel of old, people today trust the gods they have made instead of the God who made them; these include the false gods of pleasure, wealth, military might, scientific achievement, and even religious experience.

, Isaiah warned Damascus, the capital of Aram (Syria), that the city would be taken by the enemy. This occurred when the Assyrians conquered Aram in 732 B.C. Following their usual custom, the Assyrians deported many of the citizens, which left the land and cities deserted.

The prophet used several images to describe Israel’s downfall: the destruction of the fortified cities (v. ); the setting of the sun (“Jacob will wane,” v. , ); the “fatness of his flesh grow lean” (); the gleaning of a small harvest (vv. , ); the “harvest will be a heap of ruins” (vv. ); the overflowing of a flood (vv. , ); and the blowing away of chaff and tumbleweeds in a storm (v. ).

, When judgment came, the people of Israel realized that their idols could not save them; so they turned to the Lord for help, but it was too late (). The nation was sick with sin and beyond recovery. Once the wind began to blow and the floods began to rise, the nation was without hope. In 722 B.C. Assyria conquered them, and the kingdom of Israel was no more.

The original text has “Cush,” a land that covers the area now occupied by Ethiopia, the Sudan, and Somalia. Isaiah called it a “land with buzzing wings” (v. ), not only because of the insects that infested the land but also because of the frantic diplomatic activity going on as the nation sought alliances to protect them from Assyria. He pictures the ambassadors in their light, swift boats, going to the African nations for help. But God tells them to go back home (v. ) because He would deal with Assyria himself, apart from the help of any army.

In contrast to the frantic human activity on earth is the calm patience of God in heaven (v. ) as He awaits the right time to reap the harvest of judgment. Assyria is pictured as a ripening vine that will never survive, for God will cut it down (v. ).

Instead of rushing here and there with diplomatic plans, the Ethiopians will go to Jerusalem with gifts for the Lord and for the king of Judah (ch. ; ). When the messianic kingdom is established, the Gentile nations will go to Mount Zion to worship the Lord and bring Him gifts ().

In this remarkable prophecy, Isaiah declares that the three enemies—Egypt, Israel, and Assyria (modern Iraq)—will one day be united in worshiping the Lord and sharing His blessing!

God will judge Egypt. This prophecy was probably fulfilled in 670 B.C. when Egypt was conquered by Esarhaddon, king of Assyria. The Assyrian conquest proved that the many gods of Egypt were powerless to help (v. ) and that the mediums and wizards were unable to give counsel (v. ). In the days of Moses, God had triumphed over the gods of Egypt (; ) and the wisdom of the Egyptian leaders, and He would do it again.

In our day of instant communication and of rapid transportation, when in a matter of minutes nations can come to the brink of war, we forget that God is still sovereign and can do whatever He pleases in human affairs. God destroyed everything that the Egyptians trusted—their political unity, their economy, religion, wisdom—and made them an easy target for the Assyrians. When the international news is frightening and you wonder where God is, read and , and take hope.

God will save Egypt. The phrase “in that day” is used six times in this passage and refers to the last days when Jesus Christ shall establish His messianic kingdom on earth. Some remarkable changes will take place. Egypt will fear Israel (vv. , ) and become converted to the worship of the true God (vv. ). They will trust Him, not their idols, and pray to Him in times of need. This is a promise that unbelievers in Egypt will one day turn to the Lord and be saved!

These spiritual changes will bring about a great political change: Israel, Egypt, and Assyria (modern Iraq) will cooperate and enjoy the blessing of the Lord! They will not only receive God’s blessing, but they will all be a blessing to the other nations (vv. ). Once again, Isaiah picks up his “highway” theme to emphasize the unity of these three nations (see ). What a wonderful day it will be when peace comes to the Middle East because the nations have bowed before the King of kings! We must continue praying, “Amen! Even so, come, Lord Jesus!” ().

This chapter is a footnote to the prophecy in and reveals that Isaiah did some unique things to get the attention of the people of Judah. One faction wanted to make an alliance with Egypt and Cush, but Isaiah warned them that such allies were destined to fall. For three years, the prophet dressed like a prisoner of war, wearing only a loincloth, to demonstrate his message. The pro-Egyptian party in Judah gave the prophet as much trouble as the pro-Egyptian people did who journeyed with Moses (; ; ; ).

“The desert by the sea” is probably the area around the Persian Gulf. Isaiah used the image of a desert storm as he described the attack of the Assyrians against Babylon, which took place in 689 B.C. At that time, Babylon and Assyria were rival powers (although Assyria was stronger), and the nations in the Fertile Crescent hoped that Babylon would stop the advance of Assyria. Alas, Babylon fell to Assyria, opening the way for Assyria to sweep across the region in conquest.

Realizing the consequences of Babylon’s fall, the prophet experienced pain like a woman in labor (vv. , ) and felt crushed like grain in a mill (v. ). Had this announcement referred to the fall of Babylon in 539 B.C., the Jews would have rejoiced; for it would have meant release from captivity. But in 689 B.C., Babylon’s defeat meant the destruction of the northern kingdom and the devastation of the southern kingdom. Note that Jeremiah () and John (; ) both adopted Isaiah’s words, “Babylon is fallen, is fallen!” ()

Isaiah was the watchman on the wall (see ; ), and he was asked to “declare what he sees.” The advance of the Assyrian army had brought fearful darkness to the nations, and Edom wanted to know if there was any hope, any light. The prophet’s reply was brief but adequate, with both information and invitation. Morning was coming because Assyria would be defeated by God in the fields of Judah (). But the morning would not last, for Babylon would take Assyria’s place and bring further darkness to the nations.

, Isaiah removed one letter in the Hebrew word for “Edom” and created Dumah, which means “stillness, silence.” It was his way of saying, “Edom will be silent; it will be no more.” The Edomites were descendants of Esau, whose nickname was “red [Edom]” (). Edom was a rugged land of red sandstone; her people were bitterly hostile to the Jews ().

Isaiah added an invitation: “If you will inquire, inquire.” “Return! Come back!” Isaiah urged. That is, “Turn from sin and return to Him. Come to Him, and He will receive you!” A brief day of salvation would dawn, and they had better use the opportunity.

Edom did not heed the invitation. The nation was taken by Babylon, then by the Persians (who changed their name to “Idumea”), and finally by the Romans. The battle between Esau and Jacob was carried on by the Herods, who were Idumeans. After the fall of Jerusalem in A.D. 70, Edom vanished from the scene.

The prophet saw the caravans of the Arabian merchants from Dedan leaving the trade route and hiding in the thickets because of the invasion of the Assyrian army. Food and water were brought to the fugitives by people from Tema, an oasis town. Eventually the caravan had to flee, for how could the merchants’ slow animals compete with the Assyrian cavalry or their bows with the invaders’ weapons? Like a laborer, God had a contract to fulfill (). Within a year, the pomp and glory of the Arabian tribes would be gone.

The people of Judah were behaving like their pagan neighbors, so it was only right that Isaiah should include them in the list of nations God would judge. Yes, in His mercy, the Lord would deliver Jerusalem from the Assyrian army, but He would not deliver them from Babylon.

The unbelief of the people is described. In Isaiah’s day, Jerusalem was a joyous city as people would engage in all kinds of celebrations (; , ). The popular philosophy was, “Let’s feast and drink, for tomorrow we die” (; ; ). But the prophet did not participate in the parties, for he saw a day coming when death and destruction would reign in the city of David. The people went up to the housetops, but the prophet went down into one of the three valleys around Jerusalem; there God gave him a vision.

The people did everything but trust the Lord. Instead of feasting, the day “called for weeping and for mourning, for baldness and for girding with sackcloth.” (v. ; ; ). God had sent the nation many prophets to warn them, but the people would not listen. Now it was too late; their sins could not be forgiven because their hearts were hard. Judah would go into captivity, and God’s word to Isaiah would be fulfilled ().

The leaders were unfaithful. Had the leaders been faithful to the Lord and called the people to repentance, there might have been hope. But too many of the leaders were like Shebna, thinking only of themselves. As treasurer (steward), Shebna was second to King Hezekiah in authority (see chs. ), but he used his authority (and possibly the king’s money) to build himself a monumental tomb () and to acquire chariots (v. ; see ). Shebna was not a spiritual man, and he probably sided with the pro-Egypt party in Judah.

God chose a new man, Eliakim (“God will raise up”), and called him “My servant.” Instead of exploiting the people, he would be a father to them and use his “key” (authority, v. ) for the good of the nation. He would be like a dependable peg, hammered into the wall, on which one could hang many burdens. But even a godly leader like Eliakim could not prevent the ultimate fall of Judah, for one day the whole nation would fall (v. ). Eliakim is a picture of Jesus Christ (), the greatest Servant of all.

The Phoenicians were a merchant people whose land approximated what is today known as Lebanon. Their ships plied the Mediterranean coasts, where their many colonies assured them of an abundant supply of the world’s wealth. Tyre and Sidon were key cities. Both David and Solomon made use of workers and building materials from Phoenicia (; , ). King Ahab married the Phoenician princess Jezebel, who promoted Baal worship in Israel ().

Isaiah addressed ships from Spain (Tarshish) that were docked at Cyprus (Kittim), telling their crews to weep and go home (v. ) because Tyre was no more. Merchants from Spain, the coastlands, and even Egypt would wail because Tyre’s great shipping industry was gone and the Mediterranean economy had been devastated. The joyful citizens of Tyre would become mourning refugees (v. ) when Nebuchadnezzar would conquer Phoenicia in 572 B.C.

Isaiah posed almost a rhetorical question, “Who has brought this disaster on Tyre?” (v. ). The Lord Almighty! Just as He purposed to destroy Egypt () and Babylon (), so He purposed to judge Tyre. Just as Assyria had destroyed the city of Babylon in 689 B.C., so Tyre and Sidon would be destroyed by a revived Babylon in 585–572 B.C. (). The pride of Tyre (v. ) was a sin that God could not ignore.

Even before their eventual destruction, Tyre and Sidon would not be involved in business for seventy years. History reveals that the Assyrians restricted Phoenician trade from 700–630 B.C.; but when Assyria began to weaken in power, Tyre and Sidon revived their businesses. The prophet compared the revived city to an old prostitute who had to sing lovely songs in order to get attention. Apparently the shipping business would not be as easy or as lucrative as it once was. Verse looks ahead to the messianic kingdom, when the wealth of Tyre would not be hoarded (see ) but given to the Lord as a holy offering.

Catalyst

Our trek through chapters has taught us some important lessons about international conflicts:

First, God is in control of the nations of the world, and He can do with them what He pleases.

Second, God especially hates the sin of pride (see ; ; ; ). When nations turn from the living God to trust their wealth and their armaments, God must show them that He is the only sure refuge.

Third, God judges the nations for the way they treat each other. Judah was the only nation mentioned that had God’s law, yet God held the other ten Gentile nations accountable for what they did.

No matter how frightening the national or international situation may become, God’s children can have peace, because they know Almighty God is on His throne. The nations may rage and plot against God, but “He who sits in the heavens shall laugh” (). When the Lord of heaven and earth is your Father, and you gladly wear Christ’s yoke, you have nothing to fear ().

Go to the

After prophesying concerning eleven different nations, Isaiah enlarged his prophecy and described a judgment that would fall on the whole world. The Hebrew word erets, used sixteen times in chapter , can be translated “land,” “earth,” or “world.” It is not always easy to tell when erets refers to one country or to the whole earth, but the context usually guides us. Chapters through describe a global judgment that will end with the destruction of God’s enemies and the restoration of God’s people Israel in their land.

The result of God’s judgment will be a world that is empty, laid waste, and distorted, and whose inhabitants are scattered. Isaiah may have had and in mind when he wrote this. Nobody on earth will escape, for “God shows no partiality” (). Position, power, and wealth are no protection against the wrath of God. The Lord merely speaks the word and, like dying invalids, “the haughty people of the earth languish” (). People who are proud of their wealth and position will find themselves poor and without power.

Why does God punish the inhabitants of the world? Because they have defiled the world by their sins. When Adam sinned, God cursed the ground as a part of the punishment (; ), and God warned the people of Israel that their sins polluted the Promised Land (). Today we see human greed polluting land, water, and atmosphere, as well as exploiting the earth of its God-given treasures. Sin has consequences in nature as well as in human character and conscience.

, For centuries, humankind has polluted the world by disobeying God’s laws and violating His statutes. This was the reason for the flood (; ). Long before Moses gave the law, people knew that it was wrong to lie, steal, and kill (), but they did these evil things anyway.

Here is a vivid picture of what life will be like on the earth during the day of the Lord. In Israel, the harvest was generally a time for great joy; but all joy will be gone with no harvest. God’s judgments will destroy the crops as well as the workers who would till the soil. (See ; .) “The city” is mentioned at least eight times in these chapters and should be taken generically rather than as a reference to any one particular city. Whether people live in rural areas or in the cities, they will not escape God’s wrath.

The only singing during this harvest will be done by the believing remnant who trust God and are delivered. The doctrine of “the remnant” is an important part of Isaiah’s message (; ; , ; , ); Isaiah’s eldest son was named “a remnant will return” ().

The opening of the windows of heaven is a reminder of the flood (). Jesus said that, before the day of the Lord, society would be as it was in the days before the flood (). In that day, God will shake everything, and anything that people made will stagger like a drunk and collapse like a flimsy hut (; see ). The weight of guilt will be too heavy for people to carry.

But the day of the Lord will affect not only the earth and its people but also Satan and his hosts. God will “punish on high the host of exalted ones” and “on the earth the kings of the earth” (). These judgments will be part of the spiritual battle that has been waging for centuries between the Lord of Heaven’s Armies and the armies of the devil (; ; .; ). parallels .

This chapter is a song of praise to the Lord from the believing remnant that he preserved during the day of the Lord. Prophetic songs of hindsight are useful to us in reminding us what we will eventually see when we look back on all that God has done in our lives that we are unable to see clearly moment by moment.

We have met this image of the ruined city before (, ) and noted that “the city” is a generic term for all cities. Isaiah lived in an agricultural world of towns and villages, and the large cities (or city-states) were places of power and wealth. In times of war, the people would flee to the walled cities for protection. But the great cities of the world will offer no protection when God pours His wrath on the nations.

, Isaiah paints two pictures: the buffeting of a storm and the beating down of the rays of a burning sun in the desert. Where can travelers go for refuge? They see a huge rock and find refuge in it. God is that Rock (, ; ; ; ), and He will be a refuge for His believing people during that terrible day of the Lord. The victory shouts of the enemy will disappear the way heat vanishes when a cloud covers the sun. We can remember this picture of refuge when we face the heat in our own lives.

God cares for His own during times of trial and judgment. He kept Noah and his family alive through the flood () and guarded Israel when His judgments fell on Egypt (, ; , , ; ; , ; ). He protected believing Rahab and her family when Jericho fell () and preserved a faithful remnant when Judah was taken into Babylonian captivity (, ). Throughout the centuries, the Lord has kept His church despite the attacks of Satan () and will deliver His church from the wrath to come (; ). When the day of the Lord comes to this godless world, God will see to it that the Jewish remnant will be preserved. “Come, my people, enter your chambers, and shut your doors behind you; hide yourself, as it were, for a little moment, until the indignation is past. For behold, the LORD comes out of His place to punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity; the earth will also disclose her blood, and will no more cover her slain” (, ).

For the Old Testament Jew, a feast pictured the kingdom age when Messiah would reign over Israel and all the nations of the world. Israel would enter into her glory, and the Gentiles would come to Zion to worship the Lord (; ; .). When Jesus used the image of the feast in and , , the people knew He was speaking about the promised kingdom.

God will bring Moab low, along with all the other nations that exalt themselves, exploit others, and refuse to submit to the Lord.

Israel sings once more (; .), but this time the emphasis is on righteousness and peace. We cannot experience true peace apart from righteousness (), and we can have no righteousness apart from God’s salvation in Jesus Christ (). It is at Calvary that “righteousness and peace have kissed” each other (). When Jesus Christ reigns on earth, the promise of will be fulfilled: “In His days the righteous shall flourish, and abundance of peace, until the moon is no more.” Jesus Christ is our true Melchizedek—King of Righteousness and King of Peace ().

Samaria had fallen to the Assyrians and Jerusalem to the Babylonians, but the New Jerusalem will be impregnable. During the day of the Lord, God will level the lofty cities of the earth, but Mount Zion will be exalted to the glory of the Lord (). Jerusalem will no longer be the sinful city described in chapter ; it will be a righteous city for a holy nation whose sins have been washed away ().

The phrase “in that day” (see also , , , ) refers to the day of the Lord and the blessings that will follow when the Lord defeats His enemies. In chapters and , the prophet encourages God’s suffering people by describing in seven pictures the kingdom blessings that await them in the future.

Only those who have trusted Jesus Christ will enter into the strong city, and because they believe, they have peace (). The Hebrew word for “peace” (shalom) means much more than a cessation of war. It includes blessings such as wholeness, health, quietness of soul, preservation, and completeness.

“The way of the just is uprightness” uses the image of a highway, as in . During much of their history, the Jews have traveled a rough road, but when the kingdom is established, God will give them level paths and a smooth way. Because they will be walking in the will of God, their way will be safe and enjoyable. They will wait on the Lord to discern His will. They will yearn for the Lord and worship Him even in the night ().

God wants the world to learn righteousness. He sends His judgments, but the people still will not repent (, ; ). He shows them His grace in a thousand ways, but they continue to do evil. His hand is at work, but they will not see it. Isaiah prays that God will reveal himself through His people as He works on their behalf. The reviving and restoring of Israel should help to convince a lost world that God is not dead and that He keeps His promises.

The agony of the day of the Lord is compared to the pain of a woman giving birth (v. ; ; ). Because of the people’s sins, they had been subjected to many Gentile tyrants, but now these tyrants were dead and could not return to enslave them. God disciplined His people and brought them to the place where all they could do was whisper their prayers “when Your chastening was upon them” (v. ), but He heard them and delivered them. Israel was in pain like a woman giving birth, except that their labor pains produced nothing! Israel failed to give birth to the blessings God wanted them to bring to the world (v. ).

Just as the dew brings new life to the soil and vegetation, so God will raise the dead out of the earth. The prophet had already announced God’s great victory over death (, ), and here he explained how God would do it: The Lord will raise their bodies from the dust. Resurrection is not reconstruction; God does not reassemble the body and give it life. Paul compared the miracle of resurrection to the harvesting of grain planted in the soil ().

When Christ returns for His church, believers who are “dead in Christ” will be raised from the dead (). When He returns with His church to judge His enemies and establish His kingdom, another resurrection will occur (). These two events are called “the first resurrection” and include only saved people. At the end of the thousand years, when Satan is finally imprisoned, the lost will be raised to face the Great White Throne Judgment (). While the Old Testament does not give the complete revelation about death and resurrection, it does assure us that there is a future for the human body (; see , ).

The nations around Israel had many myths about sea monsters, one of which was compared to “Leviathan,” possibly the crocodile (; .). To slay Leviathan was a great achievement (), and the Lord promised to do it. Satan held these nations in bondage through their superstitious religions, but the remnant did not need to fear the false gods of the Gentiles. God’s people today are set free from bondage to Satan and the false gods which he seduces people to worship (), and we can rejoice in our Lord’s great victory.

This passage speaks of “a vineyard of red wine.” As in , the vineyard is Israel, but here the prophet saw both the Israel of his day and the Israel of the future day when the kingdom will be established. God was not angry with His people (); He just yearned for them to return to Him and fervently trust Him.

In Isaiah’s day, the vineyard was producing wild grapes, but in the future kingdom, Israel will be fruitful and flourishing. God will guard His people and give them all that they need to bring glory to His name. The nation will “blossom and bud, and fill the face of the world with fruit” (v. ). Through Israel, all the nations of the earth will be blessed (). The Bible speaks of three vines: the people of Israel (; ), Christ and His church (), and godless Gentile society, “the vines of the earth” (). The vineyard of Israel is not bearing fruit, the “vine of the earth” is filling the world with poisonous fruit, and God’s people must be faithful branches in the Vine and produce fruit that glorifies God’s name.

In the day of the Lord God will use suffering to purge His people and prepare them for their kingdom. Verse does not suggest that personal suffering can atone for sin, for only the sacrifice of Jesus Christ can do that. God uses suffering as a discipline to bring us to submission so that we will seek Him and His holiness (). The Babylonian captivity cured the Jews of their idolatry once and for all.

, The camp of Israel was directed to move by the blowing of trumpets (). The Festival of Trumpets took place on the first day of the seventh month and prepared Israel for the annual Day of Atonement (). But the Day of Atonement prepared them for the Festival of Shelters, which is a picture of the joy of the future kingdom ().

Isaiah envisioned a glorious day when God would repeat the miracle of the exodus and deliver His people from their bondage to the Gentile nations. The trumpet would summon them to Jerusalem () and announce God’s victory over their foes, and they would “worship the LORD in the holy mount at Jerusalem.” God’s people today are also awaiting the sound “of the last trumpet” (; ) announcing the coming of the Lord for His church. Then we will go with Him to heaven and prepare for the marriage supper of the Lamb.

Isaiah began his message by announcing God’s judgment on Ephraim. Surely their neighbor’s fall would serve as a warning to the people of Judah and Jerusalem! If Assyria conquered Samaria, then Judah was next on the list. The northern kingdom was proud of its capital city, Samaria, which sat like a beautiful crown (or wreath) at the head of a fruitful valley. But its citizens’ arrogance was detestable to God, for they thought their fortress city was impregnable. Samaria reigned in luxury and pleasure and had no fear of her enemies.

The Lord was also appalled by their drunkenness. To the Israelites, wine was a gift from God and a source of joy (; ). The law did not demand total abstinence, but it did warn against drunkenness (; ; , , ). The prophet Amos denounced the luxurious indulgences of the people in both Judah and Samaria (), and Isaiah also thundered against such godless living (, , ).

Samaria was proud of her beauty, but that beauty was fading like a cut flower (vv. , ) that could never stand before the coming tempest. God was sending a storm across the land, and their proud city would be destroyed by wind, rain, hail, and flood—the Assyrian army! Conquering Samaria would be as easy as plucking a fig from a tree.

Perhaps the people of Judah rejoiced to hear Isaiah announce the fall of their rival kingdom, but their celebration was short-lived; for the prophet announced that Judah was guilty of the same sins as Samaria and therefore was in danger of judgment (vv. ). The priests and the prophets, who should have been examples to the people, were staggering drunk around the city and carousing at tables covered with vomit. Their counsel to the people did not come from the Spirit of God but from their own drunken delusions (see ).

, Society today often takes a similar attitude toward God’s servants and God’s Word. People are so intoxicated by intellectual pride that they laugh at the simple message of the gospel presented by humble witnesses (). The prophet Amos was ejected from the king’s chapel because he was a simple farmer and not a member of the religious elite ().

God offers His people rest (; ), but they will not obey (hear) His Word. The prophet had given them a plain message that everybody could understand, but they rejected it. Their faith was in their political alliances and not in God (, ). Their only hope was in the tried and true foundation stone (v. ), the “eternal Rock” (; see ; ). This is definitely a reference to the Messiah and is so interpreted in the New Testament (; ; ; ; see ). If they had faith in Jehovah, they would not be rushing here and there, trying to forge alliances, a practice that only leads to shame and failure (). A solid rock is better protection than a flimsy covering of lies!

Israel’s confidence that God would not judge them was a delusion. What Isaiah’s scoffing opponents did not realize was that God would do an “unusual act”: He would use the enemy to fight against His own people! Just as a farmer has different tasks to perform and must adapt to each task, whether plowing or threshing, so God must do the work that is necessary to bring about His eternal purposes. He knows just what tool to use and when to use it.

“Ariel” is a code name for Jerusalem and means “lion of God.” The lion was a symbol of Assyria, so the prophet may have been saying, “Assyria is now God’s lion, and Jerusalem is God’s lion in name only.” But the Hebrew word also sounds like a term that means “an altar hearth,” where the burnt offerings were sacrificed (). “It (Jerusalem) shall be unto Me as Ariel (an altar hearth)” (v. ). In other words, Jerusalem would become a place of slaughter.

God was going to humble the proud city. Instead of roaring and frightening the enemy, the lion would only whisper from the dust (v. ). Instead of their sacrifices being accepted by God (v. ), the entire city would become an altar, and God would make His people the sacrifice.

The people of Jerusalem were ignorant of what was going on. Their hearts were far from God. They were going through the outward forms of worship and faithfully keeping the annual festivals (v. ; .), but this was not a true worship of God (). Going to the temple was popular, but most of the people did not take their worship seriously. Therefore, God sent a spiritual blindness and stupor on His people so that they could not understand their own law. Such blindness persists today (; ). If people will not accept the truth, then they must become more and more blind and accept lies. (See ; .)

This “woe” exposed the devious political tactics of the rulers of Judah, who thought that God would not hold them accountable for what they were doing. They were trying to turn things upside down, like the clay telling the Potter what to do (see ; ; ; ). If only people would seek the counsel of the Lord instead of depending on their own wisdom and fragile human promises!

Isaiah asked the people to look ahead and consider what God had planned for them. In their political strategy, they had turned things upside down, but God would one day turn everything around by establishing His glorious kingdom on earth. The devastated land would become a paradise, the disabled would be healed, and the outcasts would be enriched and rejoice in the Lord.

This announcement of coming sorrow (“woe to the rebellious children”) against Jerusalem begins with God’s rebuke of the nation’s rebellion (vv. ). Isaiah opened his prophecy with this accusation (, , ), and he ended it on that same note (; ). After all that God had done for His people, they had turned away from Him and had sought the help of feeble Egypt. Unlike the leaders of old—Moses (), Joshua (), David (, ), and Jehoshaphat (.)—the rulers of Jerusalem did not seek the will of God.

God told Isaiah to make a permanent record of the fact that the people are “a rebellious people, lying children, children who will not hear the law of the LORD.” He represented a living sign of God’s impending judgment as He walked around Jerusalem, and no doubt most of the people laughed at him. The leaders did not want to hear God’s truth; they wanted pleasant words from the false prophets, sermons that would not disturb their comfortable way of life. The situation does not seem much different today. God’s message is ignored and His messengers are derided.

Isaiah turned from the subject of rebellion to restoration. “The LORD will wait, that He may be gracious to you” (v. ) he told the people. God’s grace is His favor toward those who do not deserve it, and it is only because of His grace that we have any blessings at all. Isaiah described that future day when Israel would be restored to her land to enjoy the blessings of the kingdom. The people would be like liberated prisoners of war (v. ).

The final theme in this message of sorrow is retribution, the announcement that God would defeat the Assyrians. God had used Assyria to discipline Judah, but He would not permit the Assyrians to take the city of David. Isaiah used several images to describe God’s judgment of Assyria: a storm of fire and hail, a flood, the sifting of grain (see ), and the harnessing of a horse so that the enemy is led off like a farm animal.

Just as Sheol was prepared for the king of Babylon (.), so Tophet was prepared for the king of Assyria. Tophet was a site outside Jerusalem where the worshipers of Molech sacrificed their children (; ; , ). It was defiled by Josiah (), turned into a garbage dump, and named Gehenna in the Greek, which comes from the Hebrew ge hinnom, meaning “valley of Hinnom.” That was the location of Tophet. Gehenna is the New Testament word for “hell.” The funeral pyre for the great king of Assyria would be a garbage dump.

This statement of sorrow (“Woe to those”) is a brief summary of what Isaiah had already told the people. Indeed, he was teaching them “precept upon precept, line upon line, line upon line, here a little, there a little” (), yet they were not getting the message. Their faith was in human beings, not in God. They also trusted in the legs of horses and the wheels of chariots, not in the hand of the Lord. God had warned the Israelite kings not to go to Egypt for horses and chariots (), but Solomon had ignored this warning (, ). Going to Egypt for help had always been a temptation to the Israelites.

, As God’s church today faces enemies and challenges, it is always a temptation to turn to the world or the flesh for help. But our first response must be to examine our hearts to see if we have something that we need to confess and make right. Then we just turn to the Lord in faith and obedience and surrender to His will alone. We must trust Him to protect us and fight for us.

Isaiah wrote here about “a king,” but in , he called Him “the King.” By the time we get to , He is “our King.” It is not enough to say that Jesus Christ is “a King” or even “the King.” We must confess our faith in Him and say with assurance that He is “our King.” In contrast to the evil rulers of Isaiah’s day (), the Messiah will reign in righteousness and justice. In addition, the King will be like a rock of refuge for the people and like a refreshing river in the desert.

, These verses describe the wonderful transformations that will occur because of Messiah’s reign. Isaiah ministered to spiritually blind, deaf, and ignorant people (, ; ), but in the kingdom, all will see and hear God’s truth as well as understand and obey it (see ; ). This will happen because the nation will have a new heart and enter into a new covenant with the Lord ().

The scoundrel uses his or her position for personal profit and not for the good of the people. In Isaiah’s day, as in our own day, the common people admired the rich and famous, even though the character and conduct of these celebrities deserved no respect. They had money, fame, and influence, and in the eyes of the populace, that made them important. But in the kingdom, there will be no such deception. Not only will their character and motives be exposed and judged, but so will their ungodly methods (v. ). No longer will the poor and helpless be cheated by these liars.

Isaiah returned to his description of the messianic kingdom and emphasized the restoration of peace and prosperity. None of these changes took place after the deliverance of Jerusalem in 701 B.C. or when the remnant returned to Jerusalem from Babylon, so we must assign these prophecies to the future kingdom. Because of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, the kingdom will enjoy peace and plenty because of the righteousness in the land ().

, Judah could have enjoyed safety, quietness, and assurance had they trusted wholly in the Lord and not turned to Egypt for help. “Righteousness” is the key word in verse , for true peace only comes through a right relationship with God. When sinners trust Christ and receive the gift of righteousness, then they can have peace in their hearts and peace with one another.

Assyria was proud of her power and the spoils she had gathered in battle. The Assyrian army swept through the land like devouring locusts, but that would change. The day would come when Judah would strip the dead Assyrian army and Sennacherib would be assassinated in the temple of the god he claimed was stronger than Jehovah.

This is the prayer of the godly remnant when Jerusalem was surrounded by the Assyrian army. Isaiah had promised that God would be gracious to them if they would only trust Him (, ), so a few devout people turned His promise into prayer. God spared Jerusalem for David’s sake () and because a believing remnant trusted God and prayed. Never underestimate the power of a praying minority.

, Here Isaiah used several images to describe God’s judgment on the Assyrians. The Assyrians were pregnant with all sorts of plans to conquer Jerusalem, but they would give birth to chaff and straw, and their plans would amount to nothing. Their army was panting to attack, but their hot breath would only become a fire that would destroy them like dead bones or cut bushes. God is longsuffering with His enemies; when He decides to judge, however, He does a thorough job.

The miracle deliverance of Jerusalem not only brought glory to God among the Gentiles, but it also brought fear and conviction to the Jews. God does not deliver us so that we are free to return to our sins.

This verse describes the kind of person God will accept and bless (see also ; ). By ourselves, we cannot achieve these qualities of character; they come only as we trust Jesus Christ and grow in grace. Many religious people in Jerusalem had hearts far from God because their religion was only a matter of external ceremonies (). Isaiah hoped that the miracle deliverance of the city would bring these people to a place of true devotion to the Lord. Only as we walk with the Lord can we have real security and satisfaction.

Isaiah lifted his vision to the end times and saw Jerusalem ruled by King Messiah. God’s victory over Assyria was but a dress rehearsal for his victory over the whole Gentile world system that would one day assemble to destroy the Holy City (). When our Lord was ministering on earth, the unbelieving Jews said, “There is no beauty that we should desire Him” (). But when they see Him and believe, then they will perceive His great beauty (; see ).

Jerusalem was a ship that almost sank, but the Lord brought it through the storm (), and the weakest of the Jews was able to take spoils from the dead army.

Both sickness and sin will be absent from the city. Messiah will be their Redeemer and Savior, and the nation shall be forgiven their iniquity. In Isaiah’s day, the Jews were a “sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity” (see ), just as lost sinners are today. But when they see Him and trust Him, their sins will be washed away. If you have never heeded the gracious invitation of , do so today!

Israel’s ancient enemy Edom is singled out in verses , , but this divine judgment will come upon the whole world. Edom is only one example of God’s judgment on the Gentile nations because of what they have done to His people Israel. “For it is the day of the LORD’s vengeance, The year of recompense for the cause of Zion” (v. ).

Isaiah moved from the battlefield to the temple and saw the worldwide judgment as a great sacrifice that God offers. (See ; ; .) Typically the people would kill the animal sacrifices and offer them to God, but here God is offering the wicked as sacrifices.

While Isaiah focused especially on Edom (vv. , ), he was using that proud nation as an example of what God would do to all the Gentile nations during the day of the Lord. When God finishes His work, the land will be a wilderness, occupied by brambles and thorns, wild beasts, and singular birds. God will see to it that each bird will have a mate to reproduce, and no humans will be around to drive them from their nests.

Why is God waiting? Because God “is longsuffering toward us, not willing that any should perish but that all should come to repentance” (). How much longer God will wait, nobody knows; so it behooves lost sinners to repent today and trust the Savior.

The wilderness will not remain a wilderness because the Lord will transform the earth into a garden of Eden. All of nature eagerly looks for the coming of the Lord (, ; ; ; ), for nature knows that it will be set free from the curse of sin () and share the glory of the kingdom. Lebanon, Carmel, and Sharon were three of the most fruitful and beautiful places in the land, and yet the desert would become more fruitful and beautiful than the three places put together! The land would have no more “parched ground” () because it would become a garden of glory.

, Isaiah used the promise of the coming kingdom to strengthen those in his day who were weak and afraid. The kingdom will have no blind or deaf, lame or dumb because all will be made whole to enjoy a glorious new world.

This verse expresses one of Isaiah’s favorite themes: the highway (; ; ; ). During the Assyrian invasion, highways were not safe (), but during the kingdom age travel will be safe. The kingdom will have one special highway: “The Highway of Holiness.” Ancient cities often had special roads that only kings and priests could use, but when Messiah reigns, all of His people will be invited to use this highway. Isaiah pictures God’s redeemed, ransomed, and rejoicing Jewish families going up to the yearly festivals in Jerusalem, to praise their Lord.

When Isaiah spoke and wrote these words, the Assyrians likely had already ravaged the land, destroyed the crops, and made the highways unsafe for travel. The people were cooped up in Jerusalem, wondering what would happen next. The members of the faithful remnant were trusting God’s promises and praying for God’s help, and God answered their prayers. Centuries ago, God had kept His promises to His people and delivered them, so He will surely keep His promises in the future and establish His glorious kingdom for His chosen people.

Bible students generally agree that Hezekiah’s sickness (ch. ) and foolish reception of the envoys (ch. ) took place before the Assyrian invasion, possibly between the time Hezekiah sent the tribute and Sennacherib broke the treaty. Then why are these chapters not arranged chronologically? The prophet arranged the account as a bridge between the two parts of his book. Chapters and end the first part of the book with its emphasis on Assyria, and chapters and introduce the second part of the book, with its emphasis on Babylon. Isaiah mentioned Babylon earlier in his book (.; .), but this is the first time he clearly predicts Judah’s captivity in Babylon. These chapters teach us some valuable lessons about faith, prayer, and the dangers of pride. Though the setting today may be different, the problems and temptations are still the same; for Hezekiah’s history is our history, and Hezekiah’s God is our God.

The Assyrian invasion was a part of God’s discipline to teach His people to trust Him alone. Even Hezekiah had at first put his trust in treaties and treasures (), only to learn that the enemy would keep the wealth but would not keep its word. Judah had negotiated to get help from Egypt, an act of unbelief that Isaiah severely rebuked (; ). God’s great purpose in the life of faith is to build godly character. Hezekiah and his people needed to learn that faith is living without scheming.

The speech by the Assyrian chief of staff is one of the most insolent and blasphemous found anywhere in Scripture, for he reproached the God of Israel (, , , ). He emphasized the greatness of the king of Assyria (, ) because he knew the common people were listening and he wanted to frighten them (vv. , ). His speech is a masterful piece of psychological warfare in which he discredited everything that the Jews held dear.

The Assyrian chief of staff demeaned Judah’s allies. They had turned to Egypt for help, but Egypt was only a “broken reed” (v. ). (Isaiah had said the same thing! See ; .) As for trusting the Lord, that was sure to fail. Hezekiah had incurred the Lord’s displeasure by removing the high places and altars and requiring everybody to worship at Jerusalem. (What did a heathen soldier know about the worship of the true God?) So, according to the chief of staff, Judah had no help on earth (Egypt) or in heaven (the Lord). They were already defeated!

, The Assyrian chief of staff mocked the Judeans’ military resources. Hezekiah had fortified Jerusalem (), but the field commander laughed at Judah’s military might. Judah did not have the soldiers, the horses, or the chariots to attack the Assyrians. Even if Assyria provided the equipment, the Judean soldiers were too weak to defeat the least of the enemy’s officers. All the chariots and horsemen of Egypt could never defeat Sennacherib’s great army.

The chief of staff’s coup de grace was that everything Assyria had done was according to the will of the Lord. How could Judah fight against its own God? In one sense, this statement was true, for God is in charge of the nations of the world (, ; , , ; ). But no nation can do what it pleases and use God for the excuse, as Sennacherib and his army would soon find out.

Hezekiah and Isaiah had told the people to trust the Lord, but the Assyrian chief of staff reminded the people that the gods of the other nations had not succeeded in protecting or delivering them. (Hezekiah knew why; see , .) Even Samaria was defeated, and they worshiped the same God as Judah. To the chief of staff, Jehovah was just another god, and Sennacherib did not need to worry about him. By the king’s orders, nobody replied to the chief of staff’s speech. Insolence is best answered with silence. Jerusalem’s deliverance did not depend on negotiating with the enemy but on trusting the Lord.

Even though the Lord had brought Assyria to chasten Judah, He had determined that Jerusalem would not be taken by the enemy (). Previous to the invasion, when Hezekiah had been deathly ill, Isaiah had assured him of deliverance (). God’s promises are sure, but God’s people must claim them by faith before God can work. So the king sent word to Isaiah, asking him to pray, and the king himself called out to the Lord for help. In the building up of our faith, the Word of God and faith go together (). That is why Isaiah sent the king a message from the Lord. His word of encouragement had three points: (1) Do not be afraid, (2) the Assyrians will depart, and (3) the “great king” will die in Assyria.

Hezekiah and his officers humbled themselves before the Lord and sought his face. As the king went into the temple, perhaps he recalled the promise God had given to Solomon after he had dedicated the temple: “If My people who are called by My name will humble themselves, and pray and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and heal their land” ().

When the three Assyrian officers returned to headquarters, they learned that an Egyptian army was on its way to help defend Hezekiah. Sennacherib did not want to fight a war on two fronts, so he started to put more pressure on Jerusalem to surrender immediately. This threatening message came to Hezekiah in the form of a letter, and he took it to the temple and “spread it before the LORD.”

Hezekiah’s prayer is saturated with biblical theology and is similar to the prayer of the church in . He affirmed his faith in the one true and living God, and he worshiped Him. Jehovah is the “LORD of hosts” (, ). He is the Lord who “made the heavens” () and knows what is going on in His creation. His eyes can see our plight, and His ears can hear our plea (see ). King Hezekiah did not want deliverance merely for his people’s sake but that God alone might be glorified.

God’s response to this prayer was to send King Hezekiah another threefold message of assurance: (1) Jerusalem would not be taken (vv. , ), (2) the Assyrians would depart (vv. ), and (3) the Jews would not starve (v. ).

, Jerusalem would be delivered. The “daughter of Zion” was still a virgin; she had not been ravaged by the enemy. She could look at the Assyrians and shake her head in scorn, for they could not touch her. God would spare His remnant and plant them once more in the land.

The Assyrians would depart. God addressed the proud Assyrian king and reminded him of all the boastful words he and his servants had spoken. The king of Assyria forgot that he was only God’s tool for accomplishing His purposes on the earth, and the tool must not boast against its Maker (). God would humble Sennacherib and his army by treating them like cattle and leading them away from Jerusalem ().

The people would not starve. We do not know the month in which these events occurred, but it may have been past the time for sowing a new crop. Before the people could get the land back to its normal productivity, they would have to eat what grew of itself from previous crops, and that would take faith.

After Sennacherib left Judah a defeated man, he returned to his capital city of Nineveh. Twenty years later, as a result of a power struggle among his sons, Sennacherib was assassinated by two of his sons in fulfillment of Isaiah’s prophecy (v. ), and it happened in the temple of his god! The Assyrian chief of staff had ridiculed the gods of the nations, but Sennacherib’s own god could not protect him (v. ).

, The king turned his face to the wall, not in a sulking manner, like Ahab (), but in order to have privacy for his praying. Also, he may have been turning his face toward the temple (). Some have criticized Hezekiah for weeping and praying, saying that his prayer was selfish, but most of us would have prayed the same way. We naturally want to live and continue serving God. Furthermore, Hezekiah was burdened for the future of the throne and the nation.

Hezekiah did not ask God to spare him because he had been such a faithful servant. That would be a subtle form of bribery. Rather, he asked God to spare him so he could continue to serve and complete the spiritual restoration of the nation. Certainly Hezekiah was concerned about his own life, as anyone would be, but he also had a burden for his people.

The request was granted quickly, for Isaiah had not gone very far from the sick room when the Lord gave him the answer (). The prophet became the king’s physician and told the attendants what medicine to apply (). God can heal by using any means He desires. Isaiah also told the king that his life would be prolonged for fifteen years. The king asked confirmation of the promise (v. ), and God gave him a sign.

Hezekiah was an author of psalms (see v. ), and he supervised a group of scholars who compiled the Old Testament Scriptures (). In this beautiful meditation, the king tells us how he felt during his experience of illness and recovery. He had some new experiences that transformed him.

God gave Hezekiah a new appreciation of life. We take life for granted till it is about to be taken from us; then we cling to it as long as we can. Hezekiah pictured death as the end of the journey (vv. , ), a tent taken down (v. ; and see ), and a weaving cut from the loom ().

, Hezekiah also had a new appreciation of prayer. Were it not for prayer, Hezekiah could not have made it. At night the king felt like a frail animal being attacked by a fierce lion, and in the daytime he felt like a helpless bird. During this time of suffering, Hezekiah examined his own heart and confessed his sins, and God forgave him (v. ).

The king ended with a new appreciation of opportunities for service. Hezekiah had a new humility in his walk, a deeper love for the Lord in his heart, and a new song of praise on his lips. He had a new determination to praise God all the days of his life, for now those days were very important to him.

The news about Hezekiah’s sickness and recovery had spread widely so that even people in Babylon knew about it (). Hezekiah was famous, and other nations would be concerned about him and want to court his favor. The stability of Judah was important to the balance of power in that day. At this time, Babylon was not a great world power, and few people would have thought that Assyria would one day collapse and be replaced by Babylon. Of course, God knew, but Hezekiah did not seek his guidance.

The stated reason for the diplomatic mission was to honor Hezekiah and officially rejoice at his recovery. But the real reason was to obtain information about the financial resources of the nation of Judah. After all, Babylon might need some of that wealth in their future negotiations or battles. It is also likely that Hezekiah was seeking Babylon’s assistance against Assyria.

Certainly Hezekiah should not have shown his visitors all his wealth, but pride made him do it. After a time of severe suffering, sometimes we feel so good just to feel good that we get off guard and fail to watch and pray. The king was basking in fame and wealth and apparently neglecting his spiritual life. Hezekiah was safer as a sick man in bed than as a healthy man on the throne. Had he consulted first with Isaiah, the king would have avoided blundering as he did.

The prophet reminded Hezekiah that, as king, he was only the steward of Judah’s wealth and not the owner (v. ). Some of that wealth had come from previous kings, and Hezekiah could claim no credit for it. All of us are mere stewards of what God has given to us, and we have no right to boast about anything.

This is Isaiah’s first explicit announcement of the future Babylonian captivity of Judah. In spite of Hezekiah’s reforms, the nation decayed spiritually during the next century, and in 586 B.C. Babylon destroyed Jerusalem and took the people captive. Hezekiah’s sin was not the cause of this judgment, for the sins of rulers, priests, and false prophets mounted up from year to year till God could take it no longer ().

Even the greatest and most godly of the Lord’s servants can become proud and disobey God, so we must pray for Christian leaders that they will stay humble before their Master. But if any of His servants do sin, the Lord is willing to forgive when they sincerely repent and confess to Him ().

Catalyst

God is greater than our circumstances. As the remnant in Babylon looked back, they saw failure and sin, and they needed encouragement. Four voices are heard, each with a special message for these needy people.

The voice of pardon (vv. , ). The nation had sinned greatly against the Lord, with their idolatry, injustice, immorality, and insensitivity to His messengers (). But they were still His people, and He loved them. Though He would chasten them, He would not forsake them.

The voice of providence (vv. ). The Jews had a rough road ahead of them as they returned to rebuild Jerusalem and the temple, but the Lord would go before them to open the way. The picture here is of an ambassador repairing the roads and removing obstacles, preparing the way for the coming of a king. The image of the highway is frequent in Isaiah’s prophecy (see ).

The voice of promise (vv. ). “People are like the grass!” Assyria was gone, and now Babylon was gone. Like the grass, nations and their leaders fulfill their purposes and then fade away, but the Word of God abides forever (, ; ; ; , ). As they began their long journey home, Israel could depend on God’s promises. Perhaps they were especially claiming .

The voice of peace (vv. ). Now the nation itself comes out of the valley and climbs the mountaintop to declare God’s victory over the enemy. The “messenger” had “good news” to shout. The good news in that day was the defeat of Babylon and the release of the captive Jews ().

The good news today is the defeat of sin and Satan by Jesus Christ and the salvation of all who will trust in Him (; , ).

Go to the

The Jews were few in number, only a remnant, and facing a long and difficult journey. The victories of Assyria, Babylon, and Persia made it look as though the false gods of the Gentiles were stronger than the God of Israel, but Isaiah reminded the people of the greatness of Jehovah. When you behold the greatness of God, then you will see everything else in life in its proper perspective.

God is greater than anything on earth. Creation shows His wisdom, power, and immensity. He is greater than the nations and their gods. He founded the earth and sits on the throne of heaven, and nothing is equal to our God, let alone greater than our God. The next time you are tempted to think that the world is bigger than God, remember the “drop in the bucket” (v. ) and the “grasshoppers” (v. ; see ).

God is greater than anything in heaven. And if you ever feel so small that you wonder if God really cares about you personally, remember that He knows the name of every star () and your name as well (see , ). The same God who numbers and names the stars can heal your broken heart (, ).

God is greater than the circumstances within us. Instead of praising the Lord, the nation was complaining to Him that He acted as though He did not know their situation or have any concern for their problems (v. ; ). Instead of seeing the open door, the Jews saw only the long road before them, and they complained that they did not have strength for the journey. God was asking them to do the impossible.

God knows how we feel and how we fear, and He is adequate to meet our every need. We can never obey God in our own strength, but we can always trust Him to provide the strength we need (). If we trust ourselves, we will faint and fall, but if we wait on the Lord by faith, we will receive strength for the journey. Trusting in the Lord means to look to God for all that we need (; ). This involves meditating on His character and His promises, praying, and seeking to glorify Him.

“Renew” means “to exchange,” as taking off old clothing and putting on new. We exchange our weakness for His power (). As we trust God, He enables us to soar during a crisis, to run when the challenges are many, and to walk faithfully in the routine day-by-day demands of life. Walking in the ordinary pressures of life can be much more difficult than flying like an eagle in a time of crisis.

In this section of the book, the Lord seven times says, “Fear not” to His people (, , ; , : , ), and He says “Don’t be afraid” to us today. As the Jewish remnant faced the challenge of the long journey home and the difficult task of rebuilding, they could think of many causes for fear. But they had one big reason not to be afraid: The Lord was with them and would give them success. God sought to calm their fears by assuring them that He would be going before them and working on their behalf. The Lord explained the wonderful truth that He had three servants in his employ who would accomplish his will: Cyrus, king of Persia (); the nation of Israel (vv. ; ); and the Messiah ().

God is not afraid of the nations because He is greater than the nations (); He controls their rise and fall. Here He announced that He would raise up a ruler named Cyrus, who would do his righteous work on earth by defeating other nations for the sake of His people Israel. Cyrus would be a shepherd () anointed by God (), a bird of prey that could not be stopped ().

In contrast to the fear experienced by the Gentile nations is the confidence shown by Israel, God’s chosen servant, because God was working on their behalf. In spite of their past rebellion, Israel was not cast away by the Lord. The Jewish captives did not need to fear either Cyrus or Babylon because Cyrus was working for God, and Babylon would be no more. In this passage we sense God’s love for His people and His desire to encourage them to trust Him for the future.

Isaiah turned again to the picture of a desert becoming a garden (). The image reminds us of Israel’s wanderings in the wilderness and God’s provision for their every need. Water and trees are important possessions in the East, and God will supply both to His people. Certainly Isaiah was also looking beyond the return from Babylon to the future kingdom when “the desert shall rejoice and blossom as the rose” ().

Sometimes we forget that God can use even unconverted world leaders for the good of His people and the progress of His work. That’s one of the demonstrations that He is really in control of His world. He raised up Pharaoh in Egypt that He might demonstrate His power (), and He even used wicked Herod and cowardly Pontius Pilate to accomplish His plan in the crucifixion of Christ ().

As Cyrus moved across the territory east and north of the Holy Land, the nations were afraid and turned to their gods for help. With keen satire, Isaiah described various workmen helping each other manufacture a god who cannot help them! After all, when the God of heaven is in charge of the conquest, how can people or gods oppose Him? Cyrus may have thought that he was accomplishing his own plans, but actually he was doing the pleasure of the Lord (). By defeating Babylon, Cyrus made it possible for the Jewish captives to be released and allowed to return to their land to rebuild Jerusalem and the temple ().

This is the first of four “Servant Songs” in Isaiah, referring to God’s Servant, the Messiah. The others are ; ; and . Contrast “their molded images are wind and confusion” () with “Behold! My servant” (). applies these words to the earthly ministry of Jesus Christ. He could have destroyed His enemies (the weakest reed), but He was patient and merciful. The Father delights in His Son (; ).

God will accomplish His great plan of salvation for this world through the ministry of the Servant. God chose him, God upheld him, and God enabled him to succeed in his mission. Because of the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, one day will come a glorious kingdom on earth, and God will “bring justice to the Gentiles.”

The closing section (vv. ) describes a singing nation (vv. ), giving praise to the Lord, and a silent God who breaks that silence to become a shouting conqueror (vv. ). God is longsuffering toward sinners, but when He begins to work, He wastes no time! The “servant” in verses is the people of Israel, blind to their own sins and deaf to God’s voice (, ); yet the Lord graciously forgave them and led them out of bondage. Now God says to the Babylonians, “Restore!”

How sad it is when God disciplines us and we do not understand what He is doing or take it to heart. Israel’s captivity in Babylon cured the nation of their idolatry, but it did not create within them a desire to please God and glorify Him.

The theme of “Israel God’s Servant” is continued in these chapters with an emphasis on God the Redeemer of Israel (; see v. ; , ). The word translated “ransom” or “Redeemer” is the Hebrew word for “a family redeemer,” a near relative who could free family members and their property from bondage by paying their debts for them (see and the Book of Ruth).

Israel is God’s servant in the world and also God’s witness to the world. This is another courtroom scene where God challenges the idols. “Let them bring out their witnesses!” says the Judge, but of course the idols are helpless and speechless. Twice the Lord says to Israel, “You are My witnesses” (vv. , ), for it is in the history of Israel that God has revealed himself to the world.

Along with Israel’s new freedom and new witness, Isaiah wrote about Israel’s new exodus. Just as God had led His people out of Egypt and through the Red Sea (), so He would lead them out of Babylon and through the terrible wilderness to their home in the Holy Land. Just as He had defeated Pharaoh’s army (; ), so He would defeat Israel’s enemies so that “they are extinguished, they are quenched like a wick” ().

When God forgives and restores His people, He wants them to forget the failures of the past, witness for Him in the present, and claim His promises for the future (vv. ). Why should we remember that which God has forgotten (v. )? He forgave the people, not because they brought Him sacrifices—for they had no altar in Babylon—but purely because of His mercy and grace.

God chose the people of Israel and redeemed them, but He also formed them for himself. In this chapter, Isaiah contrasts God’s forming of Israel (vv. ) with the Gentiles forming their own gods (vv. ). Because God formed Israel, chose them, and redeemed them, they had nothing to fear. He will pour water on the land and His Spirit on the people, and both will prosper to the glory of the Lord. The final fulfillment of this will be in the future kingdom age when Messiah reigns.

Isaiah shows us the folly of idolatry and his words should be compared with . Those who defend idols and worship them are just like the idols themselves: blind and ignorant and “nothing.” God made people in His own image, and now they are making gods in their own image! Part of the tree becomes a god, and the rest of the tree becomes fuel for the fire. The worshiper is feeding on ashes and deriving no benefit at all from the worship experience.

God formed Israel, forgave His people their sins (v. ; see ), and is glorified in them (). He speaks to His people and is faithful to keep His Word (v. ). May we never take for granted the privilege we have of knowing and worshiping the true and living God!

Just as prophets, priests, and kings were anointed for service, so Cyrus was anointed by God to perform His special service for Israel’s sake. In this sense, Cyrus was a “messiah,” an “anointed one.” God called him by name over a century before he was born! Cyrus was the human instrument for the conquest, but Jehovah God gave the victories.

, Anyone who opposed Cyrus was arguing with God, and that was like the clay commanding the potter or the child giving orders to his parents.

God raised up Cyrus to do His specific will, and nothing would prevent him from succeeding. Note the emphasis on salvation. The idols cannot save Babylon (v. ), but God is the Savior of Israel (vv. , ). He is “a just God and a Savior” (v. ), and He offers salvation to the whole world (v. ).

The false gods were disgraced. Bel was the Babylonian sun god, and Nebo was his son, the god of writing and learning. But both of them together could not stop Cyrus! As the Babylonians fled from the enemy, they had to carry their gods, but their gods went into captivity with the prisoners of war! God assures His people that He will carry them from the womb to the tomb.

How comforting to know that our God cares for us before we are born (), when we get old, and each moment in between!

Babylon, the proud queen, is now a humbled slave. “I shall be a lady forever,” she boasted (v. ). But in a moment, the judgment for her sins caught up with her, and she became a widow.

Neither Babylon’s idols nor her occult practices was able to warn her or prepare her for her destruction. But God knew that Babylon would fall because He had planned it ages ago! He called Cyrus, who swooped down on Babylon like a bird of prey. Babylon had shown no mercy to the Jews, and God judged them accordingly.

The Jews had become comfortable and complacent in their captivity and did not want to leave. They had followed the counsel of Jeremiah () and had houses, gardens, and families, but they had become so attached to those things that it would not be easy for them to pack up and go to the Holy Land. Nevertheless, the Holy Land was where they belonged and where God had a work for them to do.

, God told His people that they were hypocritical in using His name and identifying with His city but not obeying His will. They were “obstinate” (v. ) and were not excited about the new things God was doing for them.

Had the Jews obeyed the Lord in the first place, they would have experienced peace and not war (vv. , ); but it was not too late. He had put them into the furnace to refine them and prepare them for their future work (v. ). “Go forth from Babylon! Flee from the Chaldeans!” was God’s command (v. ; see ; ; ; ). God would go before them and prepare the way, and they had nothing to fear.

One would think that the Jews would have been eager to leave their prison and return to their land to see God do new and great things for them. But they had grown accustomed to the security of bondage and had forgotten the challenges of freedom. The church today can easily grow complacent with its comfort and affluence. God may have to put us into the furnace to remind us that we are here to be servants and not consumers or spectators.

The “Servant” is Messiah. He addresses the nations that did not know Israel’s God. The Gentiles were “distant,” and only God’s Servant could bring them near (). Christ confirmed God’s promises to the Jews and also extended God’s grace to the Gentiles (). In this message, God’s Servant explains His ministry as bringing light in the darkness (), liberty to the captive (vv. ), and love and hope to the discouraged ().

What right did God’s Servant have to address the Gentile nations with such authority? Before His birth, He had been called by God to His ministry (; ), and God had prepared him like a “two-edged sword” (; ). Messiah came as both a Servant and a Warrior, serving those who trust Him and ultimately judging those who resist Him.

The Jewish nation was called to glorify God and be a light to the Gentiles, but they failed in their mission. This is why Messiah is called “Israel” in v. : He did the work that Israel was supposed to do. Today, the church is God’s light in the dark world (; see ), and like Israel, we seem to be failing in our mission to take the good news to the ends of the earth.

As Jesus Christ ministered on earth, especially to His own people Israel, at times His work seemed in vain. The religious leaders opposed Him, the disciples did not always understand Him, and those He helped did not always thank Him. He lived and labored by faith, and God gave him success.

Not only is God’s Servant the “new Israel,” but He is also the “new Moses” in setting His people free. Jesus Christ is God’s covenant (), so we can be sure that God will keep His promises. Moses led the nation out of bondage in Egypt, and God will lead His people out of captivity in Babylon. Joshua led the people into their land so they could claim their inheritance, and God will bring them back to their land and “cause them to inherit the desolate heritages” ().

If God had not restored the people, the city, and the temple, He could not have fulfilled His promises concerning the Messiah. With no Bethlehem, where would He have been born? With no Nazareth, where would He have grown up? With no Jerusalem and no temple, where would He have taught, suffered, and died? And He did this for the Gentiles as well as for the Jews.

Catalyst

The Lord assures His people of His love by comparing Himself to a compassionate mother (), a courageous warrior (), and a constant lover (). God still longs to fulfill these roles in our lives.

(1) A compassionate mother (). The Bible emphasizes the fatherhood of God, but God’s nature also has a “motherhood” side that we must not forget. God is compassionate, and He comforts us as a mother comforts her children (). Isaiah pictures Israel as a nursing child, totally dependent on the Lord, who will never forget them or forsake them.

(2) A courageous warrior (). The Babylonians were fierce warriors, but the Lord would snatch Israel from their grasp. In His compassion, He would set the captives free and see to it that Babylon would never afflict them again. The fact that God permitted Babylon to conquer His people did not mean that God was weak or unconcerned. When the right time comes, He will set His people free.

(3) A constant lover (). The image of Israel as the wife of Jehovah is found often in the prophets (; ; ; ; ; ). Israel was “married” to Jehovah when they accepted the covenant at Sinai (), but they violated that covenant by playing the harlot and worshiping idols. But God did not forsake His people even though they had been unfaithful to Him.

Go to the

How could the people say they were forgotten and forsaken, when the Lord is a compassionate mother, a courageous warrior, and a constant lover? He is faithful to His Word even when we are unfaithful (). He is faithful to chasten when we rebel (), but He is also faithful to forgive when we repent and confess (). The Servant’s message to the Gentiles was one of hope and blessing. He would deal with His people so that they, in turn, could bring God’s blessing to the Gentiles.

In the first two “Servant Songs” (; ), we find hints of opposition to Messiah’s ministry, but in this third song, his suffering is vividly described. When we get to the fourth song (), we will be told not only how He suffered, but why His suffering was necessary.

Note that four times in this passage the Servant uses the name “Lord GOD” (, , , ). “Jehovah Adonai” can also be translated “sovereign LORD,” and you will find this title nowhere else in the “Servant Songs.” The name “Jehovah Adonai” means that “God claims the unrestricted obedience of all.” So the emphasis here is on the Servant’s submission to the Lord God in every area of His life and service.

The Servant’s mind was submitted to the Lord God so that he could learn His work and His will. Everything Jesus said and did was taught to Him by His Father (, ; ; ). He prayed to the Father for guidance (; see ) and meditated on the Word. What God taught the Servant, the Servant shared with those who needed encouragement and help. The Servant sets a good example here for all who know the importance of a daily quiet time with the Lord.

The Servant’s will was also yielded to the Lord God. “I have listened” is the description of one that hears and obeys the voice of the master. The people to whom Isaiah ministered were neither willing nor obedient (), but the Servant did the will of the Lord God. This was not easy, for it meant yielding His body to wicked men who mocked Him, whipped Him, spat on Him, and then nailed Him to a cross (; , ).

The Servant did all of this by faith in the Lord God. He was determined to do God’s will even if it meant going to a cross (; ), for he knew that the Lord God would help him. The Servant was falsely accused, but he knew that God would vindicate him and eventually put His enemies to shame. Keep in mind that when Jesus Christ was ministering here on earth, he had to live by faith even as we must today. He did not use His divine powers selfishly for himself but trusted God and depended on the power of the Spirit.

The three admonitions—verses ; verses ; and verses , —are addressed to the faithful remnant in Israel, the people described in . In the first admonition, the Lord told them to look back and remember Abraham and Sarah, the progenitors of the Israelite nation (). God called them “alone,” but from these two elderly people came a nation as numerous as the dust of the earth and the stars of the heaven (; ). The remnant leaving Babylon was small and weak, but God was able to increase them into a mighty nation and also turn their ravaged land into a paradise.

In the second admonition, God told them to look ahead and realize that justice would come to the world and that they would be vindicated by the Lord. Note the emphasis on the word “My”: My people, My nation, My righteousness, My salvation, My arms, My powerful arm, My salvation, and My righteous rule. This is the grace of God, doing for His people what they did not deserve and what they could not do for themselves.

, The third admonition (see vv. , ) focuses on looking within, where we find either fear or faith. Why should the nation fear humans when God is on its side? To have God’s law in your heart means to belong to Him and be saved (; ). The moth and the worm will destroy the enemy, but God’s salvation will endure. Moths and worms do not do their work conspicuously, but they work efficiently just the same.

The remnant in Babylon prayed as though God were asleep and needed to be awakened (; ; ). They wanted God to flex His mighty arm as He did when He defeated Pharaoh and redeemed His people from Egyptian bondage. The return from Babylon was looked upon as another “exodus” (, ; ), with God wholly in charge and the enemy completely defeated.

God replied to their prayer with words of comfort. He reminded them again of the frailty of humanity (see ) and the power of God the Creator (). Why should they be afraid of “a man who will die,” when the God of the universe was on their side? Because they are His people, with whom He has deposited His Word, He will release them, protect them, and provide for them. They had an important task to perform and He would enable them to do it.

Isaiah spoke to the ruined city of Jerusalem and pictured her as a mother in a drunken stupor with no children to help her. In the Bible, judgment is sometimes pictured as drinking a cup of wine (; ; ; , ; ). Jerusalem’s children had gone into captivity, but now they would return and give their “mother” new hope and a new beginning. God would take the cup of judgment from the Jews and give it to their enemies.

This paragraph is addressed to Jerusalem and is a command not only to wake up but to dress up! It is not enough for her to put off her drunkenness (); she must also put on her glorious garments. Babylon the “queen” would fall to the dust in shame (), but Jerusalem would rise up from the dust and be enthroned as a queen! Egypt had enslaved God’s people, Assyria had oppressed them, and Babylon had taken them captive, but now that was ended. Of course, the ultimate fulfillment of this promise will occur when the Messiah returns, delivers Jerusalem from her enemies, and establishes Mount Zion as the joy of all the earth ().

The defeat of Babylon by Cyrus was certainly good news to the Jews because it meant freedom for the captives (; ). The good news we share today is that Jesus Christ can set the prisoners free (). For decades, the remnant had suffered in a foreign country, without an altar or a priesthood, but now they would return to their land, rebuild their temple, and restore their God-given ministry.

It seems strange that God would have to urge His people to leave a place of captivity, but some of them had grown accustomed to Babylon and were reluctant to leave. The first group, about fifty thousand people, left Babylon in 539–538 B.C. when Cyrus issued his decree. They were under the leadership of Sheshbazzar, Zerubbabel, and Jeshua the high priest (). They carried with them “the vessels of the LORD” (), the articles that were needed for the service in the temple. A second group of nearly eighteen hundred people, led by Ezra, left in 458 B.C.

God commanded the Jews to depart because Babylon was a condemned city (.; , ). He warned them not to linger but to get out quickly while they had the opportunity (). They did not have to flee like criminals, but there was no reason to tarry. He also cautioned them not to take any of Babylon’s uncleanness with them.

The prophet added a final word of encouragement: “For the LORD will go before you, and the God of Israel will be your rear guard” (v. ; see ). This reminds us of Israel’s exodus from Egypt when the Lord went before them () and stood between them and the enemy (, ). When God’s people obey God’s will, they can always count on God’s leading and protection.

The messianic interpretation of was held by Jewish rabbis until the twelfth century. After that, Jewish scholars started interpreting the passage as a description of the sufferings of the nation of Israel. But how could Israel die for the sins of Israel ()? And who declared that Israel was innocent of sin and therefore had suffered unjustly ()? No, the prophet wrote about an innocent individual, not a guilty nation. He was crystal clear that this individual died for the sins of the guilty so that the guilty might go free.

The Servant’s people did not admire or desire Him (, ), and yet when it was all over, He shocked and astonished kings! If we take these verses in their chronological order, we see that people were shocked by His appearance (), His exaltation (), and His message (). We have here our Lord’s suffering and death, His resurrection and ascension, and the worldwide proclamation of the gospel.

The Servant suffered and died, but He did not remain dead. He will be “exalted.” Jesus was not only raised from the dead, but His body was glorified. He ascended to heaven, where He sat at the right hand of the Father. He has all authority () because all things have been put under His feet (). No one in the universe is higher than Jesus. What an astonishment to those who esteemed Him the lowest of the low! (See .)

When you consider all that Jesus endured physically between the time of His arrest and His crucifixion, no wonder He no longer looked like a man. Not only were His legal rights taken away from Him, including the right to a fair trial, but His human rights were taken from Him, so that He was not even treated like a person, let alone a Jewish citizen.

Catalyst

The people whose mouths dropped open with astonishment at the Servant’s humiliation and exaltation will shut their mouths in guilt when they hear His message. “What had not been told them they shall see, and what they had not heard they shall consider” (). Paul quotes these lines in relation to his preaching of the gospel to the Gentile nations (, ).

Many people have been tortured and killed in an inhumane way, but knowing about their suffering does not touch our conscience, though it may arouse our sympathy. Our Lord’s sufferings and death were different, because they involved everybody in the world. The gospel message is that “Christ died for our sins” (). You and I are as guilty of Christ’s death as Annas, Caiaphas, Herod Antipas, and Pilate.

Now we see why people are astonished when they understand the message of the gospel: This Man whom they condemned has declared that they are condemned unless they turn from sin and trust Him. You cannot rejoice in the good news of salvation until first you face the bad news of condemnation. Jesus did not suffer and die because he was guilty, but because we were guilty. People are astonished at this fact; it shuts their mouths.

Go to the

With uncanny accuracy, Isaiah describes the life and ministry (vv. ), death (vv. ), burial (v. ), resurrection, and exaltation (vv. ) of Jesus Christ. The theme that ties the chapter together is that the innocent Servant died in the place of the guilty. When theologians speak about “the vicarious atonement,” that is what they mean. We cannot explain everything about the cross, but this much is clear: Jesus took the place of guilty sinners and paid the price for their salvation.

Israel was not a paradise when Jesus was born; politically and spiritually, it was a wilderness of dry ground. He did not come as a great tree but as a “tender plant.” He was born in poverty in Bethlehem and grew up in a carpenter’s shop in despised Nazareth (). Because of His words and works, Jesus attracted great crowds, but nothing about His physical appearance made Him different from any other Jewish man. While few people deliberately try to be unattractive, modern society has made a religion out of physical beauty. We should remember that Jesus succeeded without it.

Once people understood what the Servant demanded of them, how did most people treat Him? The way they treated any other slave: They despised Him, put a cheap price on Him (thirty pieces of silver), and “hid, as it were, [their] faces from Him.” They were ashamed of Him because He did not represent what was important to them: things like wealth (), social prestige (; ), reputation (), being served by others (), and being pampered (). He is rejected today for the same reasons.

This is the heart of the passage, and it presents the heart of the gospel message: the innocent Servant dying as the sacrifice for sin. This message was at the center of Israel’s religious system—the innocent animal sacrifice dying for the guilty sinner (). Jesus bore our sins on the cross (), but He also identified with the consequences of Adam’s sin when He ministered to needy people. applies to our Lord’s healing ministry and not to His atoning death. Every blessing we have in the Christian life comes because of the cross.

The only way a lawbreaker can be at peace with the law is to suffer the punishment that the law demands. Jesus kept the law perfectly, yet He suffered the whipping that belonged to us. Because He took our place, we now have peace with God and cannot be condemned by God’s law (; ). The “healing” in refers to the forgiveness of sins, not the healing of the body.

, Sin is serious. Isaiah calls it our rebellion against God, daring to cross the line that God has drawn (v. ). He also calls it sin in the sense that refers to the crookedness of our sinful nature (vv. , ). In other words, we are sinners by choice and by nature. Like sheep, we are born with a nature that prompts us to go astray, and like sheep we foolishly decide to go our own way. By nature we are born children of wrath (), and by choice we become children of disobedience (). Under the Law of Moses, the sheep died for the shepherd; but under grace, the Good Shepherd died for the sheep ().

On the cross, Jesus Christ was “bruised” (v. ), which means “crushed under the weight of a burden.” What was the burden? “The LORD has laid on Him the iniquity of us all” (see also v. ; ). Sin is indeed a burden that grows heavier the longer we resist God ().

A servant is not permitted to talk back; he or she must submit to the will of the master or mistress. Jesus Christ was silent before those who accused Him as well as those who afflicted Him. He was silent before Caiaphas (, ), the chief priests and elders (), Pilate (; ), and Herod Antipas (). He did not speak when the soldiers mocked Him and beat Him (). This is what impressed the Ethiopian treasurer as He read this passage in Isaiah ().

Next Isaiah explains the cross from God’s point of view. Even though Jesus was crucified by the hands of wicked men, His death was determined beforehand by God (, ). Jesus was not a martyr, nor was His death an accident. He was God’s sacrifice for the sins of the world.

The Servant’s work on the cross brought satisfaction. To begin with, the Servant satisfied the heart of the Father. “For I always do those things that please [the Father]” (). The heavenly Father did not find enjoyment in seeing His beloved Son suffer, for the Father is not pleased with the death of the wicked (, ), let alone the death of the righteous Son of God. But the Father was pleased that His Son’s obedience accomplished the redemption that He had planned from eternity.

The death of the Servant also satisfied the law of God. The theological term for this is “propitiation” (see “sacrifice” in ; ). In pagan religions, the word meant “to offer a sacrifice to placate an angry god,” but the Christian meaning is much richer. God is angry at sin because it offends His holiness and violates His holy law. In His holiness, He must judge sinners, but in His love, He desires to forgive them. God cannot ignore sin or compromise with it, for that would be contrary to His own nature and law. The Judge took the place of the criminals and met the just demands of His own holy law! The law has been satisfied, and God can now graciously forgive all who receive His Son.

Grace is love that has paid a price, and sinners are saved by grace. Justice can only condemn the wicked and justify the righteous, but grace justifies the ungodly when they trust Jesus Christ! To justify means “to declare righteous.” He took our sins that we might receive the gift of His righteousness. Justification means God declares believing sinners righteous in Christ and never again keeps a record of their sins.

The image in this chapter is that of Jehovah, the faithful husband, forgiving Israel, the unfaithful wife, and restoring her to the place of blessing. Isaiah has used the marriage image before (), and he will use it again (). Jeremiah also used it (), and it is an important theme in both Hosea () and Ezekiel ( and ). The nation was “married” to Jehovah at Mount Sinai, but she committed adultery by turning to other gods, and the Lord had to abandon her temporarily. The prophets promise, however, that Israel will be restored when Messiah comes and establishes His kingdom.

Israel is restored to joy, which creates an occasion for singing. Isaiah is certainly the prophet of song; this book mentions songs and singing more than thirty times. The immediate occasion for this joy is the nation’s deliverance from captivity, but the ultimate fulfillment is when the Redeemer comes to Zion and the nation is born anew ().

Fruitfulness will also be restored when the nation will increase and need more space. The nation had been diminished because of the Babylonian invasion, but God would help them multiply again. At the end of this age, only a believing remnant will enter into the kingdom, but the Lord will enlarge the nation abundantly.

Catalyst

Isaiah gave another one of his “fear not” promises and explained why there was no need for the nation to be afraid. To begin with, their sins were forgiven (). Why should they fear the future when God had wiped out the sins of the past? Yes, the people had sinned greatly against their God, but He had forgiven them, and this meant a new beginning.

Another reason for Israel to be confident is the steadfast love of the Lord (, ). Jehovah was their Maker and would not destroy the people He had created for His glory. He was their Redeemer and would not sell them into the hands of the enemy. He is their Husband and would not break His covenant promises.

A third reason for confidence is the dependable promise of God (). God had to show His anger at their sin, but now the chastening was over, and they were returning to their land. Israel’s restoration to their land would bring them confidence. “My covenant of blessing will never be broken,” the Lord promises in verse .

Go to the

Whenever we rebel against God and refuse to listen to His warning, He must chasten us—but He does it in love (). Our Father cannot permit His children to sin and get away with it. But the purpose of His chastening is to bring us to repentance and enable us to produce “the peaceable fruit of righteousness” ().

God gives a threefold invitation to the Gentiles: Come (), seek (vv. ), and worship ().

The invitation to “come” is extended to “everyone” and not just to the Jews. Anyone who is thirsting for that which really satisfies () is welcome to come. As in , the prophet pictures God’s blessings in terms of a great feast, where God is the host.

When God delivered His people from Babylon and took them safely back to their own land, it was a witness to the other nations. It also gave Israel another opportunity to be a light to the Gentiles () and bring them to faith in the true and living God. While Israel needed to seek the Lord and be wholly devoted to Him, they also were expected to share this invitation with the nations.

, How does God go about calling and saving lost sinners? By the power of His Word. God’s Word is seed (). Just as the rain and snow are never wasted but accomplish His purposes, so His Word never fails. “The word of our God stands forever” (). We never know how God will use even a casual word of witness to plant and water the seed in somebody’s heart.

The nation had gone into captivity because she had disobeyed the law of God, particularly the fourth commandment to remember the Sabbath day and keep it holy. God never before asked the Gentiles to join the Jews in keeping the Sabbath, but here He does so. He calls the very people He had prohibited from entering His covenant nation. The invitation is still “Everyone come!” It applies to sinners today, but it will apply in a special way when Israel enters her kingdom, the temple services are restored, and the Sabbath is once again a part of Jewish worship.

Spiritual leaders are “watchmen” (; ) who must be awake to the dangers that threaten God’s people. They are “shepherds” who must put the care of the flock ahead of their own desires. When the foreign invaders (“beasts of the field”) come, the shepherds must protect the flock, no matter what the danger might be. See for the description of a faithful spiritual ministry.

God permitted the unrighteous leaders to live and suffer the terrible consequences of their sins, but the righteous people died before the judgment fell. The godly found rest and peace, while the ungodly went into captivity and some were killed. Rebellious people do not deserve dedicated spiritual leaders. When His people reject His Word and prefer worldly leaders, God may give them exactly what they desire and let them suffer the consequences.

During the last days of Judah and Jerusalem, before the Babylonian army came, the land and the city were polluted with idols. King Hezekiah and King Josiah had led the people in destroying the idols and the high places, but as soon as an ungodly king took the throne, the people went right back to their old ways. Both Isaiah and Jeremiah told the people that God would punish them for breaking His law, but they persisted in the ways of the godless nations around them.

Anything that we trust other than the Lord becomes our god and therefore is an idol. It may be our training, experience, job, money, friends, or position. One of the best ways to find out whether we have idols in our lives is to ask ourselves, “Where do I instinctively turn when I face a decision or need to solve a problem?” Do we reach for the phone to call a friend? Do we assure ourselves that we can handle the situation ourselves? Or do we turn to God to seek His will and receive His help?

God told Isaiah to shout aloud with a voice like a trumpet and announce the sins of the nation. The people went to the temple, obeyed God’s laws, fasted, and appeared eager to seek the Lord, but their worship was only an outward show. Their hearts were far from God. When we worship because it is the popular thing to do, not because it is the right thing to do, then our worship becomes hypocritical.

True fasting will lead to humility before God and ministry to others. We deprive ourselves so that we might share with others, and we do so to the glory of God. If we fast in order to get something for ourselves from God, instead of to become better people for the sake of others, then we have missed the meaning of worship. The Lord is delighted when we delight in the Lord.

God pointed out there was a great deal of injustice in the land, with the rich exploiting the poor and the rulers using their authority only to make themselves rich (see ; ; ). The people were lifting their hands to worship God, but their hands were stained with blood (, ). God could not answer their prayers because their sins hid His face from them.

Here is a conflict between truth and lies, just as it is today. Isaiah compared the evil rulers to pregnant women giving birth to sin (see ; ), to snakes hatching their eggs, and to spiders weaving their webs (, ). What they give birth to will only destroy them (), and their beautiful webs of lies can never protect them.

People who live on lies do not know where they are going. When trust falls, it creates a traffic jam, and justice and honesty cannot make progress (vv. ). God is displeased with injustice, and He wonders that none of His people will intercede or intervene (, ). So the Lord himself intervened and brought the Babylonians to destroy Judah and Jerusalem and to teach His people that they cannot despise His law and get away with it.

God’s judgment on His people was a foreshadowing of that final day of the Lord when all the nations will be judged. When it is ended, then “the Redeemer will come to Zion,” and the glorious kingdom will be established. Israel will be not only God’s chosen people but God’s cleansed people, and the glory of the Lord will radiate from Mount Zion.

The Babylonian captivity had been the nation’s darkest hour, but that is not the darkness that Isaiah was describing. He was describing the awful darkness that will cover the earth during the day of the Lord () when God punishes the nations of the earth for their sins (.; .). But the prophet was also describing the glorious light that will come to Israel when her Messiah returns to reign in Jerusalem.

“Arise, shine” is God’s wake-up call to Jerusalem (v. ) because a new day is dawning for Israel. This light is not from the sun but from the glory of God shining on the city.

Isaiah saw ships and caravans bringing people and wealth to Jerusalem, and he saw that the nations refusing to honor the Lord and His city would be judged (v. ). Even Israel’s old enemies will submit and help to serve the Lord (vv. , ).

The Lord describes some of the joys and wonders of the glorious kingdom. The nation will no longer be forsaken but will be enriched by the Gentiles and nursed like a beloved child (vv. , ; ; ). As in the days of King Solomon (, ), precious metals will be plentiful. Peace and safety will be the rule. “I will also make your officers peace, and your magistrates righteousness” (). John used some of the characteristics of the millennial Jerusalem when he described the Holy City (): The sun never sets; no sorrow is there; the gates never close; and so forth. But the city Isaiah described is the capital city of the restored Jewish nation, and Jesus Christ shall sit on the throne of David and judge righteously. The Jewish “remnant” will increase and fill the land (; ; ).

The background of this passage is the Year of Jubilee described in . Every seven years, the Israelites were to observe a sabbatical year and allow the land to rest. After seven sabbaticals, or forty-nine years, they were to celebrate the fiftieth year as the Year of Jubilee. During that year, all debts were canceled, all land was returned to the original owners, all slaves were freed, and everybody was given a fresh beginning. This was the Lord’s way of balancing the economy and keeping the rich from exploiting the poor.

If you have trusted Christ as your Savior, you are living today in a spiritual “Year of Jubilee” (). You have been set free from bondage; your spiritual debt to the Lord has been paid; it is “the acceptable year of the LORD” (). Instead of the ashes of mourning, you have a crown on your head, for He has made you a king (). You have been anointed with the oil of the Holy Spirit, and you wear a robe of righteousness (, ).

The “everlasting covenant” is described in and includes the blessings of the new covenant that Jesus Christ instituted by His death (; see ). Note that speaks of the Jews’ “descendants.” Those who enter into the millennial kingdom will marry, have families, and enjoy God’s blessings on the earth for a thousand years (). They will study God’s Word from generation to generation ().

, Isaiah is speaking on behalf of the remnant who are praising God for all He has done. They rejoice that He has cleansed them and clothed them and turned their desert into a fruitful garden (). They have gone from a funeral to a wedding!

God will not “hold [His] peace” (vv. ). The “I” in verse indicates that the Lord is the speaker. God promises to keep speaking and working till His purposes for Jerusalem are fulfilled. This is not only for the sake of Zion but also for the sake of the nations of the world. The earth will know no righteousness or peace until Jerusalem gets her new name and becomes a crown of glory to the Lord.

The watchmen must not hold their peace or “hold their peace.” God gave His people leaders to guide them, but they had not been faithful (). Now He gives them faithful watchmen, who constantly remind God of His promises. “Give Him no rest till He establishes and till He makes Jerusalem a praise in the earth” (). What an encouragement to us to “pray for the peace of Jerusalem” ().

, God promises that the Jews will never again lose their harvests to the enemy but will enjoy the fruit of their labors in the very courts of His sanctuary. What a privilege! According to , there will be a millennial temple, and the Jews will worship the Lord there. Having received their Messiah, they will now clearly understand the spiritual meaning of their worship. Today, their minds are veiled (), but then their eyes will be opened.

God will have no rest till He accomplishes His purposes for His people, and the world will have no peace till He succeeds. He asks us to “give Him no rest” (v. ) but to intercede for Israel and Jerusalem, for the prayers of His people are an important part of the program of God.

The prophet looks ahead in vv. and sees Jesus Christ returning from the battle of Armageddon that climaxes the day of the Lord (). Edom is named here as a representative of the nations that have oppressed the Jews. Bozrah was one of its main cities, and its name means “grape gathering.” This is significant since the image here is that of the winepress. The ancient winepress was a large, hollowed rock into which the grapes would be put for the people to tread on them. The juice would run out a hole in the rock and be caught in vessels. As the people crushed the grapes, some of the juice would splash on their garments. Our Lord’s garments were dyed with blood as the result of the great victory over His enemies ().

Isaiah looked back at what God has done for Israel. He praised God for His unfailing love and goodness, for the pity and love bestowed on Israel. God identified with Israel’s suffering as He does with His people’s suffering today.

This is one of the greatest revival prayers found in Scripture. Just as God had come down in fire at Sinai (), so let Him come down again and reveal His awesome power to the nations. They trust in dead idols, so let them see what the living God of Israel can do!

Why is God not working wonders? The people have sinned (vv. , ) and must confess their sins and turn from them. If our righteous deeds are filthy, what must our sins look like in His sight! According to verse , God has planned wonderful things for His people, things beyond their imagination, but their sins prevent Him from sharing His blessings.

This prayer (and that of the believing remnant) ends with a question: Why is God silent? His temple has been destroyed, His glorious land has been ravaged, and His people are in exile. God’s reply is found in the next two chapters

God issued the blessing of a New Creation. First, He announced that His salvation would go to the Gentiles (v. ), even though they did not seek the Lord or experience the blessings that He gave to Israel. Paul applied this verse to the Gentiles in , . If Israel did not want what God had to offer, then He would give it to others.

God described the sins of His people that kept Him from answering their prayers. They resisted His grace and His loving appeals, though He held out His arms to them and spoke to them through His Word (). They went their own way () and provoked Him with their evil worship of false gods, getting involved with the occult and demons. They ate food that was unclean and openly worshiped idols in the high places. And yet these rebellious people considered themselves to be better than others!

God then explained that He had to judge the nation for her sins. He called the Babylonians to be His instrument of punishment, to teach His people that they could not sin and get away with it. However, in mercy He preserved a remnant—like a few grapes rescued from the winepress—and that remnant would return to the land and restore the nation. When His people sincerely seek Him (v. ), then He will bless them ().

The valley of Achor was the place where Achan was stoned to death because he had disobeyed the Lord (). When the Lord restores His estranged wife, Israel, the valley of Achor will become for them “a door of hope” ().

God sees two kinds of people in the land: those who forsake the Lord and those who serve the Lord (“My Servant” has now become “My servants”). Those who forsake the Lord ignore His temple and worship false gods, such as fortune and destiny. These disobedient Jews will not live but be destroyed, and those who do survive will not enjoy life. In fact, their very names will be used as curses in the years to come!

God saves the best for the last: His description of the “new heavens and a new earth” (the millennial kingdom). This is not the same as John’s “new heaven and new earth” (.), because the characteristics Isaiah gives do not fit the eternal state. As far as we know, in the eternal state people will not get old or die (), nor will there be any danger of losing anything to invaders (vv. ). Jerusalem will be a source of joy, not only to the Lord but to the whole earth. It will be a city of holiness, harmony, and happiness. During the millennial kingdom, people will work, and God will bless their labors. People will pray, and God will answer (v. ). Nature will be at peace (v. ) because the curse will be lifted.

Of course, the remarkable thing will be the birth of a nation as Israel takes center stage on the international scene (vv. ). The return of the Jews to their land will be as swift as the birth of a baby. Israel’s travail will be “the day of the Lord” or “the time of Jacob’s trouble” (), when God will purify His people and prepare them for the coming of their Messiah. Like a nursing baby, she will find health and peace in the arms of the Lord.

There will be a new temple (see ), but the ceremonies of worship can never take the place of a humble heart. God does not live in buildings; He dwells with those who submit to Him. Stephen quoted , in his defense before the Jews (), and Paul referred to these words in his address to the Athenian philosophers ().

In Isaiah’s day, were God’s people trembling at His Word? No, they were not. Instead, they were going through the motions of worship without having a heart for God. The people were not sacrificing the animals; they were murdering them! Because their hearts were far from God (), their offerings were as unclean things to the Lord. The heart of the worshiper determines the value of the offering.

God’s hand will bring blessing to His servants but His anger will come “against His enemies.” Isaiah describes that “anger” in verses . The day of the Lord will be a storm of judgment with fire and whirlwinds and with the sword of God—“the slain of the LORD shall be many” (v. ).

, Who will be killed? Those who have disobeyed God’s law in their eating and in their worshiping. Instead of worshiping the true and living God, they had turned to pagan idols and pagan practices. Being religious is not enough; we must serve God according to what He says in His Word ().

The book closes with a description of messengers going to the ends of the earth to announce what God has done for Israel. The result will be a flow of people to Jerusalem (see ; ) to bring offerings to the Lord. In the past, Gentile nations had come to Jerusalem to attack and destroy, but in the kingdom age, they will come to worship and glorify God.

The book ends on a seemingly negative note describing worshipers looking at the desecrated and decayed corpses of the rebels (v. ). The valley of Hinnom (Hebrew, ge hinnom = Gehenna in the Greek) is a picture of judgment (). Jesus used it to picture hell (). The people who come to Jerusalem to worship will also go outside the city to this garbage dump and be reminded that God is a consuming fire ().

Isaiah 1

1:1

1:1

1:2

1:3

1:3 ,

1:4

1:5

1:7 ,

1:8

1:8

1:9

1:9

1:10

1:11 []

1:12

1:13

1:13

1:14

1:14

1:15

1:15

1:16

1:16

1:17 Some ancient versions read the oppressed.

1:18

1:18

1:20 []

1:21

1:21

1:22

1:23

1:23

1:23

1:23

1:24

1:25

1:26

1:26

1:28 [, ]

1:29 Following Masoretic Text, Septuagint, and Vulgate; some Hebrew manuscripts and Targum read you.

1:31

1:31

Isaiah 2

2:2

2:2

2:2

2:3

2:3

2:5

2:6

2:6

2:6

2:7

2:8

2:10 ,

2:11

2:11

2:13 ,

2:14

2:16

2:19

2:19 []

2:19 ,

2:22

2:22

Isaiah 3

3:1

3:1

3:2

3:4

3:6 Literally hand

3:8

3:9

3:10 []

3:10

3:11 []

3:12

3:13

3:14

3:15 ,

3:17

3:17

3:18 ,

3:24

3:26

3:26

Isaiah 4

4:1 ,

4:1

4:1

4:2 []

4:3

4:3

4:4 ,

4:5 ,

4:5

4:6

Isaiah 5

5:1

5:2

5:3 []

5:4 ,

5:5 ; ,

5:6

5:6

5:8

5:9

5:10

5:11 ,

5:12

5:12

5:13

5:13

5:15 ,

5:16

5:17

5:19

5:21 ;

5:23

5:24

5:24

5:25 ,

5:25

5:25 ,

5:26 ,

5:26

5:26

5:26

5:27

5:28

5:30

Isaiah 6

6:1

6:1

6:2

6:3

6:3

6:5 ,

6:6

6:7

6:8

6:9

6:10

6:10

6:11

6:12

6:13

Isaiah 7

7:1

7:1 ,

7:3 Literally A Remnant Shall Return

7:4

7:7

7:8

7:9

7:11

7:14

7:14 []

7:14 ,

7:14 Literally God-With-Us

7:16

7:16

7:17 ,

7:17

7:18

7:19

7:20 ,

7:20

7:20 That is, the Euphrates

7:23

Isaiah 8

8:1

8:1 Literally Speed the Spoil, Hasten the Booty

8:2

8:4 ;

8:4

8:6

8:6 ,

8:7 That is, the Euphrates

8:8

8:8

8:8 Literally God-With-Us

8:9

8:10

8:10

8:10

8:10 Hebrew Immanuel

8:14

8:14 ;

8:15

8:17

8:17

8:18

8:18

8:19

8:19

8:19

8:20

8:20

8:21

Isaiah 9

9:1

9:1

9:1

9:2

9:3

9:3 Following Qere and Targum; Kethib and Vulgate read not increased joy; Septuagint reads Most of the people You brought down in Your joy.

9:4

9:5

9:6 []

9:6 []

9:6 []

9:6

9:6

9:6

9:7

9:7

9:8

9:14

9:16

9:17

9:17

9:18

9:19

9:19 ,

9:20

9:20

9:21 ,

9:21 ,

Isaiah 10

10:1

10:3

10:3

10:3

10:4

10:4

10:5

10:6

10:6

10:7

10:8

10:9

10:9

10:9

10:12

10:12

10:13

10:14

10:15

10:16 Following Bomberg; Masoretic Text and Dead Sea Scrolls read YHWH (the LORD).

10:17

10:18

10:20

10:21 []

10:22 ,

10:22

10:23

10:24 ;

10:24

10:25

10:26

10:26

10:26 ,

10:27

10:29

10:29

10:30

10:30

10:30 Following Masoretic Text, Targum, and Vulgate; Septuagint and Syriac read Listen to her, O Anathoth.

10:31

10:32

10:32

10:32

10:33

Isaiah 11

11:1 []

11:1 []

11:1

11:2 []

11:4

11:4

11:6

11:9

11:9

11:10

11:10

11:10 ,

11:10

11:11

11:12

11:13

11:14

11:15 ,

11:15 Following Masoretic Text and Vulgate; Septuagint, Syriac, and Targum read dry up.

11:15 That is, the Euphrates

11:16

11:16

Isaiah 12

12:1

12:2

12:2

12:2

12:3 [, ; , ]

12:4

12:4

12:4

12:5

12:6 ,

12:6

Isaiah 13

13:1 ;

13:2

13:2

13:2

13:3

13:3

13:4

13:5

13:5 ;

13:6

13:6

13:8

13:9

13:9

13:10

13:11

13:11 []

13:13

13:13

13:14 ;

13:16

13:16

13:17 ,

13:19

13:19

13:20

13:21

13:22

Isaiah 14

14:1

14:1 ;

14:1 , ,

14:2 ; ;

14:2

14:4

14:4

14:4 Or insolent

14:5

14:8

14:9

14:10

14:12

14:12 Literally Day Star

14:13

14:13

14:13

14:13

14:14

14:15

14:20 ;

14:21

14:22

14:22

14:22

14:23

14:24

14:25 ,

14:25

14:26

14:27 ,

14:28

14:29

14:29

14:32 ,

14:32

Isaiah 15

15:1

15:1

15:1

15:2

15:2 Hebrew bayith, literally house

15:3

15:4

15:4 Following Masoretic Text, Targum, and Vulgate; Septuagint and Syriac read loins.

15:5

15:5

15:5 Or The Third Eglath, an unknown city (compare )

15:6

15:9

15:9 Following Masoretic Text and Targum; Dead Sea Scrolls and Vulgate read Dibon; Septuagint reads Rimon.

15:9 Following Masoretic Text and Targum; Dead Sea Scrolls and Vulgate read Dibon; Septuagint reads Rimon.

Isaiah 16

16:1

16:1

16:2

16:2

16:5 []

16:5

16:5

16:6

16:6

16:7

16:7

16:8

16:8

16:8

16:9

16:10

16:11

16:12

16:14

Isaiah 17

17:1

17:2

17:2

17:2 Following Masoretic Text and Vulgate; Septuagint reads It shall be forsaken forever; Targum reads Its cities shall be forsaken and desolate.

17:3 ;

17:4

17:5

17:6

17:7

17:8 ;

17:8 Hebrew Asherim, Canaanite deities

17:9 Septuagint reads Hivites; Targum reads laid waste; Vulgate reads as the plows.

17:9 Septuagint reads Amorites; Targum reads in ruins; Vulgate reads corn.

17:10

17:12

17:13

17:13

Isaiah 18

18:1 ;

18:3

18:7

18:7 Following Dead Sea Scrolls, Septuagint, and Vulgate; Masoretic Text omits From; Targum reads To.

Isaiah 19

19:1

19:1 ;

19:1

19:2

19:3 ;

19:4

19:5

19:6

19:7 That is, the Nile

19:9

19:11

19:11 ,

19:12

19:12

19:13

19:13 That is, ancient Memphis

19:14

19:15

19:15 Compare

19:16

19:16

19:17

19:18

19:18

19:18 Some Hebrew manuscripts, Arabic, Dead Sea Scrolls, Targum, and Vulgate read Sun; Septuagint reads Asedek (literally Righteousness).

19:19

19:19

19:20 ;

19:20

19:21 [, ; ]

19:21

19:22

19:23 ; ; ;

19:23

19:25

Isaiah 20

20:1

20:1 Or the Commander in Chief

20:2

20:2

20:3

20:4

20:4

20:5

20:6 ,

Isaiah 21

21:1

21:2

21:2

21:3 ;

21:3

21:4

21:5

21:8

21:8 Dead Sea Scrolls read Then the observer cried.

21:9

21:9

21:10

21:11

21:11

21:13 ;

21:13 ,

21:16

21:16

Isaiah 22

22:2

22:4

22:5

22:5 ;

22:6

22:6

22:8 ,

22:8 ;

22:9

22:11

22:11 ,

22:12 ;

22:12

22:13

22:13

22:14

22:14

22:15

22:16

22:17

22:18

22:19 Septuagint omits he will pull you down; Syriac, Targum, and Vulgate read I will pull you down.

22:20

22:22

22:22 ;

22:23

Isaiah 23

23:1 ,

23:1 Hebrew Kittim, western lands, especially Cyprus

23:2 Following Masoretic Text and Vulgate; Septuagint and Targum read Passing over the water; Dead Sea Scrolls read Your messengers passing over the sea.

23:3

23:3 That is, the Nile

23:5

23:7 ;

23:8 ,

23:9

23:9

23:10 That is, the Nile

23:11

23:12

23:13

23:13

23:14

23:17

23:18 ,

Isaiah 24

24:2

24:2 ,

24:4

24:5

24:5

24:5

24:6

24:6

24:7 ,

24:8

24:13 [, ; ]

24:15

24:15

24:16 ;

24:17

24:18

24:18 ;

24:19

24:20 ; ;

24:21

24:23 ;

24:23 ,

24:23 []

Isaiah 25

25:1

25:1

25:1

25:2

25:3

25:4

25:6 [; ]

25:6

25:6 []

25:7 []

25:8 []

25:8 ;

25:9

25:9

25:10

25:11 ;

25:12

Isaiah 26

26:1 ;

26:1

26:2 ,

26:3

26:4 ;

26:4 Or Rock of Ages

26:5 ,

26:7

26:8

26:8 ;

26:9

26:10 []

26:10

26:11

26:13

26:14

26:15

26:16

26:17 []

26:18

26:19 []

26:19 []

26:19 Following Masoretic Text and Vulgate; Syriac and Targum read their dead bodies; Septuagint reads those in the tombs.

26:20 ,

26:20 []

26:21

Isaiah 27

27:1 ,

27:1

27:2

27:2

27:2 Following Masoretic Text (Kittel’s Biblia Hebraica), Bomberg, and Vulgate; Masoretic Text (Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia), some Hebrew manuscripts, and Septuagint read delight; Targum reads choice vineyard.

27:3

27:4

27:5

27:5

27:6

27:7 , ;

27:8

27:8 []

27:9 Hebrew Asherim, Canaanite deities

27:10 , ;

27:11

27:11

27:11

27:12 [; ]

27:12 That is, the Euphrates

27:13

27:13

27:13 ,

27:13

Isaiah 28

28:2

28:7

28:7 ,

28:9

28:10 []

28:11

28:12

28:15

28:16

28:21

28:21 ,

28:21 []

28:22

28:29

Isaiah 29

29:1 ,

29:1

29:1 That is, Jerusalem

29:4

29:5

29:5

29:5 ;

29:6 ;

29:6 ,

29:7 ,

29:7

29:8

29:9 ,

29:9

29:10

29:10

29:10

29:11

29:11 ,

29:13

29:13

29:14

29:14

29:15

29:15 ;

29:16

29:17

29:18

29:19 [; ]

29:19 []

29:20

29:20

29:21 ,

29:21

29:22

29:22

29:23 [; ]

29:24

Isaiah 30

30:1

30:1

30:2

30:2

30:3

30:4

30:5

30:6

30:6

30:7

30:7 Literally Rahab Sits Idle

30:8

30:9 , ;

30:10

30:10 ,

30:12

30:13 ,

30:13

30:14

30:15 ;

30:15

30:17

30:18

30:18

30:18

30:19

30:19

30:19

30:20

30:20

30:21

30:22 ;

30:22

30:23 []

30:25 ,

30:25 ;

30:26 [, ]

30:28

30:28

30:28

30:29 []

30:30

30:30

30:31 ;

30:31 ,

30:32

30:33

Isaiah 31

31:1 ,

31:1

31:1

31:2

31:3

31:4

31:5

31:6

31:7 ;

31:7

31:8 ,

31:8

31:9

Isaiah 32

32:1

32:2

32:3 ;

32:4

32:6

32:7

32:9

32:13

32:13

32:14

32:15 []

32:15

32:17

32:18 [; ]

32:19

32:19

32:20 ,

Isaiah 33

33:1

33:1

33:1 ; ;

33:2 ;

33:2 Septuagint omits their; Syriac, Targum, and Vulgate read our.

33:3

33:5

33:7 ,

33:8

33:8

33:8 Following Masoretic Text and Vulgate; Dead Sea Scrolls read witnesses; Septuagint omits cities; Targum reads They have been removed from their cities.

33:9

33:10

33:11 []

33:12

33:13

33:14

33:15 ; ,

33:15

33:17

33:18

33:19

33:19

33:20

33:20 ;

33:20

33:20

33:22 []

33:22

33:22

33:24

Isaiah 34

34:1

34:1

34:2

34:3

34:4

34:4

34:4

34:5

34:5

34:6

34:6

34:8

34:9

34:10 ; ;

34:10 ,

34:11

34:11

34:13

34:13

34:16 []

Isaiah 35

35:1 ;

35:1 ;

35:2

35:2

35:3

35:4

35:4

35:5

35:5 []

35:6

35:6

35:6 []

35:7

35:8

35:8

35:9

35:10

35:10 [; ]

Isaiah 36

36:1

36:2 A title, probably Chief of Staff or Governor

36:3

36:3

36:4

36:6

36:6

36:11 Literally Judean

36:16

36:18

36:19

Isaiah 37

37:1

37:3 ; ;

37:4 , ,

37:12 ,

37:13

37:16 ,

37:17

37:17

37:18 ; ; ,

37:19 ,

37:20

37:20

37:26 ; ;

37:29

37:29 ;

37:32

37:35 ;

37:35

37:36

37:36 Or Angel

37:38

Isaiah 38

38:1

38:1

38:3

38:3 ,

38:6 ;

38:7

38:11 ;

38:11 Hebrew YAH, YAH

38:11 Following some Hebrew manuscripts; Masoretic Text and Vulgate read rest; Septuagint omits among the inhabitants of the world; Targum reads land.

38:12

38:14

38:14 Following Bomberg; Masoretic Text and Dead Sea Scrolls read Lord.

38:15 ;

38:15 Following Masoretic Text and Vulgate; Dead Sea Scrolls and Targum read And shall I say to Him; Septuagint omits first half of this verse.

38:18 ; ; ;

38:19 ;

38:21

38:22

Isaiah 39

39:1

39:1 Spelled Berodach-Baladan in

39:2 ,

39:3

39:6

39:7

39:8

Isaiah 40

40:2

40:3

40:3 [; , ]

40:3

40:3 Following Masoretic Text, Targum, and Vulgate; Septuagint omits in the desert.

40:4

40:5

40:6

40:6 Following Masoretic Text and Targum; Dead Sea Scrolls, Septuagint, and Vulgate read I.

40:8 []

40:10 ,

40:10

40:11 [, ]

40:12

40:12 Following Masoretic Text, Septuagint, and Vulgate; Dead Sea Scrolls read waters of the sea; Targum reads waters of the world.

40:13 []

40:14 ,

40:17

40:17

40:18

40:19 ;

40:20 ;

40:21

40:22

40:22

40:23

40:25

40:26

40:27 ,

40:28

40:31 ;

40:31

Isaiah 41

41:1

41:1

41:2

41:2 ,

41:4

41:4 , ;

41:4 ;

41:6

41:7

41:7

41:7

41:8 ;

41:8

41:10 , ;

41:10 []

41:11

41:14

41:15

41:16

41:16

41:17

41:18 , ; ;

41:18

41:19

41:20

41:21

41:22

41:22

41:23 []

41:23

41:24 []

41:25

41:25

41:26

41:27

41:27

41:28

41:29

41:29 Following Masoretic Text and Vulgate; Dead Sea Scrolls, Syriac, and Targum read nothing; Septuagint omits the first line.

Isaiah 42

42:1 []

42:1 ;

42:1 []

42:4 []

42:5

42:5

42:6

42:6

42:6

42:7

42:7

42:7

42:8

42:10 ; ;

42:10

42:13

42:17

42:19 [, ]

42:20

42:24

42:25

42:25

42:25

Isaiah 43

43:1 ;

43:1 ;

43:2 [; ]

43:2 []

43:2

43:3 [; ]

43:4

43:5 ;

43:5

43:6

43:7

43:7 []

43:8

43:8

43:9 , ,

43:10

43:10

43:10 ;

43:11

43:12

43:12

43:13

43:13

43:15 ,

43:16 , ,

43:16

43:17 ,

43:18

43:19 []

43:19

43:20

43:21

43:21

43:22 ;

43:23

43:24 ;

43:25

43:25

43:25

43:28

Isaiah 44

44:6

44:7 , ,

44:8

44:8 ,

44:8

44:9

44:9

44:10

44:11

44:12

44:18

44:18 , ;

44:18

44:19

44:20

44:20

44:21

44:22

44:22

44:23

44:23 ;

44:24

44:24

44:24

44:25

44:25

44:25 ,

44:26

44:27 ;

44:28

44:28

Isaiah 45

45:1

45:1

45:1

45:1

45:2

45:2

45:2 Dead Sea Scrolls and Septuagint read mountains; Targum reads I will trample down the walls; Vulgate reads I will humble the great ones of the earth.

45:3

45:3

45:4

45:5 ;

45:5 ,

45:5

45:6

45:6 [; ]

45:7

45:8

45:9

45:9

45:11

45:11

45:11 ; ;

45:12

45:12

45:12

45:13

45:13

45:13 []

45:14 ,

45:14

45:14

45:14

45:15

45:16

45:17

45:17

45:17

45:18

45:18

45:18

45:19

45:19

45:20 ;

45:21 ;

45:21

45:22 ;

45:23 []

45:23

45:23

45:24 []

45:24

45:25

45:25

Isaiah 46

46:1

46:1

46:2

46:3

46:4

46:4

46:5 ,

46:6 ;

46:6

46:7

46:7

46:8

46:9

46:9 ,

46:10 ;

46:10

46:11 ,

46:11

46:11

46:12

46:12 []

46:13 []

46:13

46:13

Isaiah 47

47:1

47:1

47:1 ;

47:2

47:3 ;

47:3 []

47:4

47:5

47:5 []

47:6

47:6

47:6 ,

47:7

47:7 ;

47:7

47:9

47:10

47:11

47:11

47:13

47:13 ,

47:14

47:14

47:15

Isaiah 48

48:1 ;

48:2 ;

48:2

48:3 , ;

48:3

48:4

48:8

48:9 , , ,

48:9

48:10

48:10

48:11

48:11

48:12

48:12 []

48:13

48:13

48:14

48:14 ;

48:15 ,

48:16

48:16 , ,

48:16 The Hebrew verb is singular.

48:17

48:17

48:18

48:18

48:19

48:20 ,

48:20 []

48:21 [, ]

48:21

48:22 []

Isaiah 49

49:1

49:1

49:2 ;

49:2

49:2

49:3 []

49:3

49:4 []

49:5

49:5 Qere, Dead Sea Scrolls, and Septuagint read is gathered to Him; Kethib reads is not gathered.

49:6 []

49:7 []

49:7 []

49:8

49:8

49:9

49:10

49:10

49:10

49:11

49:12 ,

49:13

49:14

49:15

49:15

49:16

49:17 Dead Sea Scrolls, Septuagint, Targum, and Vulgate read builders.

49:18

49:18

49:19

49:20

49:20 []

49:22

49:23

49:23

49:23 []

49:24 ,

49:24 Following Masoretic Text and Targum; Dead Sea Scrolls, Syriac, and Vulgate read the mighty; Septuagint reads unjustly.

49:26

49:26

49:26

Isaiah 50

50:1

50:1 ;

50:1

50:2

50:3

50:3

50:4

50:4

50:5

50:5

50:6

50:6 ;

50:6

50:7 ,

50:8 []

50:9

50:9 ,

50:10

50:10

50:11 []

50:11

Isaiah 51

51:1 []

51:2

51:2

51:2

51:3 ;

51:3

51:4

51:4

51:5

51:5

51:5

51:5 []

51:6

51:6

51:6 , ;

51:6

51:7

51:7 [, ; ]

51:8

51:9

51:9

51:9

51:9

51:9

51:9

51:10

51:11

51:12

51:12

51:12 ,

51:13

51:13

51:13

51:14

51:15

51:16

51:16

51:16

51:17

51:17

51:19

51:19

51:20

51:21

51:22

51:23

51:23 Literally your soul

Isaiah 52

52:1 []

52:2

52:2

52:3

52:3

52:4

52:5 ,

52:5 Dead Sea Scrolls read Mock; Septuagint reads Marvel and wail; Targum reads Boast themselves; Vulgate reads Treat them unjustly.

52:7

52:7

52:10

52:10

52:11

52:11

52:12 ,

52:12

52:12 ,

52:13

52:13

52:14 ,

52:15

52:15

52:15 Or startle

Isaiah 53

53:1

53:3

53:3 []

53:3 [, ]

53:4 []

53:5 []

53:5 [, ]

53:7 ;

53:7 ,

53:8

53:8 []

53:9

53:9

53:9 Literally he or He

53:10 []

53:11 []

53:11

53:11 []

53:11 Following Masoretic Text, Targum, and Vulgate; Dead Sea Scrolls and Septuagint read From the labor of His soul He shall see light.

53:12

53:12

53:12

53:12

53:12

Isaiah 54

54:1

54:2 ,

54:3 ; , ;

54:4

54:5

54:5

54:6

54:7 ;

54:7 [; ]

54:8

54:9 ;

54:9

54:10

54:10 ,

54:11 ,

54:13 []

54:13

54:15

54:17 ;

54:17 , ;

Isaiah 55

55:1 [; ]

55:1 []

55:3

55:3

55:3

55:4 []

55:4 []

55:5 ,

55:5

55:5

55:6 []

55:6

55:7

55:7

55:7

55:8

55:9

55:10

55:11

55:11

55:12

55:12

55:12

55:13

55:13

55:13

Isaiah 56

56:1 ;

56:2

56:3 []

56:3

56:5

56:5 [, ]

56:5 Literally him

56:7 [, ; ]

56:7

56:7 []

56:7

56:7

56:7 []

56:8 ; ;

56:8 []

56:9

56:10

56:10

56:11 [, ]

56:11

56:12

56:12

56:12

Isaiah 57

57:1

57:1

57:2

57:3

57:5

57:5

57:6

57:6 , ;

57:7

57:7

57:8

57:8 Literally hand, a euphemism

57:9

57:9 ,

57:10 ;

57:11 ,

57:11

57:14 ;

57:15

57:15

57:15 ;

57:15

57:16 []

57:16

57:17

57:17 ; ;

57:17

57:18

57:18

57:19

57:19

57:20

57:21

Isaiah 58

58:1

58:3

58:3 ;

58:4

58:5

58:5

58:5

58:6 ,

58:6

58:6

58:7

58:7

58:7

58:8

58:8

58:9

58:12

58:13 , ,

58:14

58:14 ;

58:14 ;

Isaiah 59

59:1

59:2

59:3

59:4

59:4

59:6

59:7

59:7

59:7

59:7 ,

59:8 ,

59:8

59:9

59:10

59:11

59:12 ;

59:13

59:15 ; ; ;

59:16

59:16

59:16

59:17 ,

59:18

59:19

59:19

59:20

59:21 [; ]

Isaiah 60

60:1

60:1

60:3 ,

60:4

60:4

60:5 []

60:6

60:6

60:6

60:7

60:7

60:7 ,

60:9

60:9 []

60:9

60:9

60:10

60:10

60:10

60:10 ,

60:11 ,

60:12

60:13

60:13

60:14

60:14

60:14 []

60:16

60:16

60:18

60:19 ;

60:19

60:20

60:21

60:21

60:21

60:21 []

60:22 ,

Isaiah 61

61:1 ,

61:1

61:1

61:1

61:2

61:2

61:2

61:3

61:3

61:3 []

61:4

61:5 []

61:6

61:6 ,

61:7

61:8

61:8 ,

61:8

61:9

61:10

61:10 ,

61:10

61:11 ;

61:11 ;

Isaiah 62

62:2

62:2 , ; , ; ,

62:2 , ;

62:3

62:4

62:4 ; ,

62:4

62:4 Literally My Delight Is in Her

62:4 Literally Married

62:5

62:6 ;

62:7 ,

62:8 ,

62:9 ; ,

62:10 ;

62:10

62:11

62:11 []

Isaiah 63

63:2 [, ]

63:3 , ;

63:4 ; ;

63:5 ;

63:5 []

63:5

63:9

63:9

63:9

63:9

63:10

63:10

63:10

63:11 ,

63:11

63:11 , ,

63:12

63:12 ,

63:13

63:14

63:15

63:15

63:15

63:16

63:16

63:17

63:18

63:18

Isaiah 64

64:1 ,

64:3

64:4

64:5

64:6 []

64:6 ,

64:8 ;

64:11

64:12

64:12

Isaiah 65

65:1 ;

65:1

65:2

65:2 ,

65:2

65:3

65:3

65:4

65:4

65:5

65:6

65:6

65:6

65:7

65:7

65:7 ,

65:8

65:8

65:9

65:10

65:10

65:10

65:11

65:11

65:11 Literally Troop or Fortune, a pagan deity

65:11 Literally Number or Destiny, a pagan deity

65:12

65:14

65:15

65:15 ,

65:15 []

65:16

65:16

65:17

65:19 ,

65:19 ;

65:20 ,

65:21

65:22 ,

65:22

65:22 ,

65:23

65:23

65:24

65:24

65:25

65:25

Isaiah 66

66:1

66:2 [; ]

66:2 ;

66:3 [; ]

66:3

66:4

66:5

66:5

66:5 []

66:12 ;

66:12

66:12 ;

66:13

66:14

66:15

66:16

66:16

66:17

66:18

66:18

66:19

66:19

66:19 Following Masoretic Text and Targum; Septuagint reads Put (compare ).

66:20

66:20 []

66:21

66:22

66:23

66:23

66:24 , ,

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