Index
Index
abduction, 82–83, 110
adoption, Pauline image of, 58, 152–53
Alan of Lille, 128
Allen, Woody, 163
Ambrose of Milan, 131
apologetics
abductive approaches to, 82–83, 110
in the Acts of the Apostles, 57–67
and argument, 19, 23–24, 44, 77–78, 127–28, 132–38
as an art, 38, 57, 171–78, 183–84
and audiences, 36, 57–69
basic themes of, 17–21
and contemporary culture, 20–21
definitions of, 14–17
and evangelism, 21–23, 123
and explanation, 79–86, 130–31
and films, 155
gateways for, 127–56
and the imagination, 137, 148–54
limitations of, 23–24
and modernity, 27–29
and morality, 103–8
in the New Testament, 57–67
and philosophy, 71–90, 127–28, 132–38
and philosophy of science, 82–86
and poetry, 155
and postmodernity, 29–35
and quest for best “big picture,” 83–86
and rationality, 23–24, 28–29, 44, 71–90, 127–28, 132–38
as a science, 38, 57, 171–78, 183–84
and sin, 45, 50, 89
theological basis of, 41–54
and translation into cultural vernacular, 20–21
Aquinas, Thomas, 84
Aratus (Greek poet), 64
arguments, rational
as gateways for apologetics, 132–38
limits of, 19, 23–24, 44, 77–78, 127–28, 136–37
Aristotle, 116
Arnold, Matthew, 119
art, in relation to apologetics, 155
atheism, 72, 73, 76, 80, 87–90, 104–5,
audiences, adapting apologetic approaches to, 57–69
Greek, in New Testament, 63–65
Jewish, in New Testament, 59–63
Roman, in New Testament, 65–67
Augustine of Hippo, 30, 96, 109, 118, 130–1, 170
Balthasar, Hans Urs von, 115
Baumeister, Roy, 139
beauty, as pointer to faith, 113–15
Becker, Ernest, 51
Berlin, Sir Isaiah, 74–75, 81
Bernard of Clairvaux, 30
Bernstein, Richard, 106
best explanation, inference to, 85–86
“big picture,” quest for the best, 83–87
Bosch, David, 22
Brown, Dan, 145–46
Brueggemann, Walter, 153
Bunyan, John, 50
Caesar, Julius, 61
calling of first disciples, 42–44, 117, 184
Calvin, John, 121, 169
Carnell, Edward J., 28
Chesterton, G. K., 11
clues to the meaning of the universe, 93–123
cumulative force of, 94–96, 120–23
Copernicus, Nicolas, 83
Coplestone, Frederick, 96–97
Cottingham, John, 121
Coulson, Charles A., 103
Craig, William Lane, 97–98, 161, 182
creation, as pointer to faith, 96–98
cross, apologetic analysis of, 48–54
Dante, Alighieri, 94
Darwin, Charles, 85
Davies, Paul, 101
Dawkins, Richard, 72, 73, 75, 80–81, 100, 104–5, 163, 168, 170
desire, as pointer to faith, 108–13
Diogenes Laertius, 65
Dulles, Avery, 41
Eagleton, Terry, 75, 87
Edwards, Jonathan, 77–78, 113–14
eternity, as pointer to faith, 118–20
evangelism, 13, 21–23, 123
exile, story of, apologetic use of, 143–44
explanation, apologetic role of, 85–86, 130–31
as identifying causes, 84–85
as quest for best explanation, 85–86
as a unified view of reality, 86–87
faith, nature of, 73–78
Farrer, Austin, 71, 78–79
films, in relation to apologetics, 155
fine-tuning, as pointer to faith, 98–100
Flew, Anthony, 97–98
forgiveness, as apologetic point of contact, 49–50
Frei, Hans, 138
Freud, Sigmund, 167–71
gateways for apologetics, 127–56
argument, 132–38
explanation 130–31
images, 148–54
stories, 138–48
“God of the gaps,” 103
“God-shaped gap” (Pascal), 109
Gödel, Kurt, 132
Graves, Robert, 144
Gray, John, 73
Great Commission, the, 13–14
healing, as apologetic point of contact, 52–53
Hitchens, Christopher, 72, 76–77, 170
Hitler, Adolf, 171
Holmes, Sherlock, 82
hope, as pointer to faith, 118–20
Hoyle, Fred, 97, 99
Hugo, Victor, 116
Ignatius of Antioch, 52
images, apologetic role of, 34, 38, 148–54
imperial cult in Roman empire, the, 66
Inklings, the, 185
James, William, 73
justification, Pauline notion of, 20–21
Kant, Immanuel, 50
Keller, Tim, 182
Kenneson, Philip D., 154
Kepler, Johannes, 83
Kierkegaard, Søren, 77, 134
Kreeft, Peter, 161, 182
Kristeva, Julia, 76
Kurtz, Paul, 105
Leftow, Brian, 79–80
Lewis, C. S., 12, 20, 36, 50, 54, 69, 71, 77, 78–79, 82, 95, 102, 107–8, 110–11, 114–15, 139, 169, 173, 182
Logical Positivism, 136
love, as apologetic point of contact, 53–54
Luther, Martin, 24, 169
MacIntyre, Alasdair, 73, 74, 139
mathematics, “unreasonable effectiveness” of, 102
Maxwell, James Clerk, 86
metanarratives, 32–33, 87–88, 93, 140–42, 147
failure of Enlightenment metanarrative, 88–89
postmodern hostility towards, 32–33
Millay, Edna St. Vincent, 93, 120–21
Miller, Lisa, 119
Milon-Delsol, Chantal, 112
Mitchell, Joni, 119
modernity, 27–29
morality, as pointer to faith, 103–8
More, Paul Elmer, 116–17
Munch, Edvard, 155
Murdoch, Iris, 93, 108
New Atheism, 87–90
Newton, Isaac, 47–48, 123
Nicaea, Council of, 145
objections to faith, dealing with, 157–80
general points, 157–62, 171–78
God as a crutch, 167–71, 176–77
suffering, 162–67, 175
order of the universe, as pointer to faith, 101–3
“other minds,” philosophical problem of, 75–76
parables, apologetic use of, 20, 36, 38, 115, 138, 142–43
Pascal, Blaise, 17–18, 23, 28, 95, 109–10
Peirce, Charles S., 82–83
penicillin, as apologetic analogy, 46
Penrose, Roger, 99
Plantard, Pierre, 146
Plantinga, Alvin, 75–76, 81
Plato’s cave, 121, 149–52
poetry, in relation to apologetics, 155
pointers to faith, 93–123
beauty, 113–15
creation, 96–98
desire, 108–13
eternity, 118–20
fine-tuning of the universe, 98–100
morality, 103–8
order of the world, 101–3
origins of the universe, 96–98
relationality, 116–18
Polkinghorne, John, 80, 86, 101–2
Popper, Karl, 139
postmodernity, 29–35
prism, as apologetic analogy, 47–48
proofs, limitations of, 132–33
Pullman, Philip, 146–48
pure reason, limits of, 72–78
Quarles, Francis, 112
reasonableness of faith, 23–24, 28–29, 44, 71–90, 127–28, 132–38
Rees, Martin, 98–99
relationality, as pointer to faith, 116–18
relativism, 32–33
resurrection, as apologetic point of contact, 50–52
reverse engineering of arguments, 183
Ricoeur, Paul, 138
Robinson, Marilynne, 182
Rorty, Richard, 76, 105–6
Rubicon, crossing of, as apologetic analogy, 61–62
Russell, Bertrand, 96–97
Sandel, Michael, 74
Sayers, Dorothy L., 164
Schaeffer, Francis, 108, 133–36
science, philosophy of, 82–86
Spitzer, Robert J., 99
stories, apologetic role of, 34, 38, 138–48
Strobel, Lee, 184
suffering, as barrier to faith, 162–67, 175
Swinburne, Richard, 81, 86
Taylor, Charles, 112, 139
theological basis of apologetics, 41–54
Tolkien, J. R. R., 90, 112, 140–41, 185
Toulmin, Stephen, 74
translation of theological themes into cultural vernacular, 20–21
Trinity, rational critique of the, 28
uniformitarianism, postmodern rejection of, 30
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), 75
Vanhoozer, Kevin, 33
victory over death, as apologetic point of contact, 50–52
Waugh, Evelyn, 72
Weil, Simone, 79, 153
Wigner, Eugene, 102
wish-fulfillment, God as, 167–71
Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 77
Wright, N. T., 140
Zacharias, Ravi, 161, 182