Chapter 10
Notes
Amos, "Alsatian," p. 112.
On this, see Wendel, "Un document inédit."
E. Staehelin, Briefe und Akten, vol. 2, pp. 827-29.
These and other laudatory statements by contemporaries of Bucer can be found in Scripta
Anglicana, pp. 864-959. See also Amos, "Alsatian," p. 100, n. 29, and p. 103, n. 48.
42.
= th a).
Chapter 10 Bucer—Bibliographie/ Bibliographie Bucer 1975-1998, ed. Thomas Wilhelmi, Bernd Paul,
Michael Herrmann, and Daniéle Fischer, preface by Matthieu Arnold and Gottfried ik Seebass (Strasbourg: Association des Publications de la Faculté de Théologie Protestante, 1999). An update of current secondary literature is being prepared by the BucerForschungsstelle along with the bibliography of Bucer's works.
. Gottfried Seebass, "Bucer—Forschung seit dem Jubilaumsjahr 1991," Theologische
Rundschau 62 (1997): 271-300.
. Martin Brecht, "Martin Bucer und die Heidelberger Disputation," in Willem van 't
Spijker, ed., Calvin—Erbe und Auftrag. Festschrift fiir Wilhelm Hemrich Neuser zum 6).
Geburtstag (Kampen, 1991), pp. 214-28; Thomas Kaufmann, "Bucers Bericht von der Heidelberger Disputation," Archiv fiir Reformationsgeschichte 82 (1991): 147-70.
. Kaufmann, "Bucers Bericht," p. 169.
. Siegfried Brauer, "Bucer und der Neukarsthans," in Christian Krieger and Marc Lienal hard, eds., Martin Bucer and Sixteenth Century Europe. Actes du Colloque de Strasbourg 25—31 aotit 1991 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1993), pp. 103-27 (henceforth quoted as M.B. and Europe).
. Thomas Kaufmann, Die Abendmahlstheologie der StraBburger Reformatoren bis 1528
(Tiibingen: J. C. B. Mohr [Paul Siebeck], 1992), pp. 85-86.
. Herman Johan Selderhuis, Marriage and Divorce in the Thought of Martin Bucer (Kirksville, Mo.: Thomas Jefferson University Press at Truman State University, 1999), pp. 116-23 (English translation of Huwelijk en Echtscheiding bij Martin Bucer (Leiden:
Uitgeverij J. J. Groen BV, 1994], pp. 139-46).
. Doris Ebert, Elisabeth Silbereisen. Familie und Lebensstationen. [Eppingen:] Heimatverein
Kraichgau, 2001, esp. pp. 91-93 and 149-50.
. Matthieu Arnold, "'Dass niemand ihm selbst, sondern anderen leben soll.' Das theologische Programm Martin Bucers von 1523 im Vergleich mit Luther," Theologische
Beitriige 32 (2001): 237-48.
Gustave Koch, "The Christian Life in the Light of the 'Summary' of Martin Bucer of 1523," Reformation and Renaissance Review 3 (2001): 140-51. In her study "Le nom et
Pétre de Dieu—Exode 3,14—selon Thomas d'Aquin et Martin Bucer," Revue d'bistoire
10. et de philosophie religieuses 81 (2001): 425-47, Annie Noblesse-Rocher presents only scant evidence of Thomas Aquinas's influence upon Bucer.
Correspondance de Martin Bucer, vol. 3 (1527-1529), ed. Christian Krieger and Jean Rott
NE - (Leiden: Brill, 1995).
Bernd Moeller, "Die Brautwerbung Martin Bucers fiir Wolfgang Capito. Zur Sozialgeschichte des evangelischen Pfarrerstandes," in Philologie als Kulturwissenschaft, ed. L. Grenzmann et al. (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1987), pp. 306-25.
I failed to mention this article in the original German version of my book.
Martin Bucers Deutsche Schriften, vol. 10: Schriften zu Ehe und Eherecht, ed. Stephen E.
13.
Buckwalter and Hans Schulz (Giitersloh: Giitersloher Verlagshaus, 2001).
Notes . See note 7, above. I will discuss Selderhuis's study in greater detail below.
. Michel Weyer, "Martin Bucer et les Zell—une solidarité critique," in M.B. and Europe, pp. 275-95. On Katharina Zell, see also the impressive biography and critical edition of her writings by Elsie McKee.
. Reinhard Bodenmann, "Martin Bucer et Gaspard Hedion. Vicissitudes des relations entre deux collégues, 1523-1549," in M.B. and Europe, pp. 297-315.
. Thomas Kaufmann, "Zwei unerkannte Schriften Bucers und Capitos zur Abendmahlsfrage aus dem Herbst 1525," Archiv fiir Reformationsgeschichte 81 (1990): 158-88.
. Marc Lienhard, review of Thomas Kaufmann, Die Abendmablstheologie der Strafsburger
Reformatoren bis 1528 (Tubingen 1992), Revue d'bistoire et de philosophie relgieuses 74
(1994): 265-72.
. See note 6, above. Kaufmann summarizes his theses in his essay "Streittheologie und
Friedensdiplomatie. Die Rolle Martin Bucers im friihen Abendmahlsstreit," in M.B. and Europe, pp. 239-56.
. "Ungeheuerlichkeit" (Kaufmann, Abendmablstheologie, p. 370).
. Thus Kaufmann in his article "Streittheologie," p. 239.
. An excerpt of the Latin version has been critically edited and amply commented by Jacques V. Pollet, Martin Bucer. Etudes sur la Correspondance, vol. 2 (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1962), pp. 71-82.
. Bernard Roussel, "Bucer exégete," in M.B. and Europe, pp. 39-54.
. Irena Backus, "Church, Communion and Community in Bucer's Commentary on the Gospel of John," in David F. Wright, ed., Martin Bucer: Reforming Church and Community (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 61-71.
Peter Stephens, "The Church in Bucer's Commentaries on the Epistle to the Ephesians," in Wright, ed., Bucer, pp. 45-60.
Gerald Hobbs, "Martin Bucer and the Englishing of the Psalms," in Wright, ed., Bucer, pp. 161-75. Hobbs also offers some observations on the dissemination of Bucer's early interpretation of the Psalms in his article "Connaissances bibliques, réligion populaire—les premiers psaumes versifiés de la Réforme a Strasbourg 1524-1527," Revue
25, 26. d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses 78 (1998): 415-33.
Martin Bucer: Briefwechsel / Correspondance, vol. 4: January—September 1530, ed. Reinhold
Die Friedrich, Berndt Hamm and Andreas Puchta (Leiden: Brill, 2000). Vol. 5 (September
15330—May 1531) is due to appear in the course of 2004.
Wilhelm H. Neuser, "Martin Bucer als Mittler im Abendmahlsstreit (1530/31)," in Athina Lexutt and Vicco von Biilow, eds., Kaum zu glauben. Von der Haresie und dem
28.
Umgang mit ihr (Rheinbach, 1998), pp. 140-61.
Martini Buceri opera latina, vol. 5: Defensio adversus axioma catholicum, hoc est criminationem
29.
R. P. Roberti Episcopi Abrincensis (1534), ed. William Ian P. Hazlett (Leiden: Brill, 2000).
On this, see the articles in M.B. and Europe, pp. 471-575.
Marc Lienhard, "Martin Bucer, le réformateur européen," Bulletin de la société de Phis30. aft toire du protestantisme francais 138 (1992): 161-80.
Martin Greschat, "Martin Bucers Konzept der Erneuerung der Kirche in Europa," in Martin Greschat, ed., Die christliche Mitgift Europas—Traditionen der Zukunft (Stuttgart,
2000), pp. 46-62.
Tan P. Hazlett, "A Pilot-Study of Martin Bucer's Relations with France 1524-1548," in M.B. and Europe, pp. 513-21.
33:
Notes
See note 7 above.
Stephen E. Buckwalter, "Die Stellung der StraSburger Reformatoren zu den Taufern
S4. inp bis 1528," Mennonitische Geschichtsblatter 52 (1995): 52-84.
Matthieu Arnold, "Le role des autorités civiles dans la lutte contre les anabaptistes. La conception du magistrat de Strasbourg et celle de Martin Bucer," in A. Doering-ManBO. teuffel and K. Nowak, eds., Religionspolitik in Deutschland (Stuttgart, 1999), pp. 11-28.
John S. Oyer, "Bucer Opposes the Anabaptists," Mennonite Quarterly Review 68 (1994): aT:
24-50.
Amy Nelson Burnett, "Martin Bucer and the Anabaptist Context of Evangelical Con38. firmation," Mennonite Quarterly Review 68 (1994): 95-122.
Martin Greschat, "The Relation between Church and Civil Community in Bucer's DY.
Reforming Work," in Wright, ed., Bucer; pp. 17-31. On this, see also below, the discussion on chapter 8.
R. Emmet McLaughlin, "Martin Bucer and the Schwenckfelders," in MB. and Europe, pp. 615-26.
André Séguenny, "Pourquoi Bucer détestait les spirituels. Quelques réflexions apres la lecture des dialogues de Bucer de 1535," in M.B. and Europe, pp. 627-34 (English trans40.
Als lation in Mennonite Quarterly Review 68 [1994]: 51-58); Stephan Waldhof, "Der Evangelist des gewappneten Moses. Sebastian Francks Auseinandersetzung mit Martin
Bucers Obrigkeitsverstindnis," Zeitschrift fiir Kirchengeschichte 107 (1996): 327-54.
Michéle Monteil, "Le petit catechisme (1529) de Luther et la bréve explication écrite ae (1534) de Bucer—deux modeéles d'instruction catéchétique," Etudes germaniques 50
(1995): 447-66.
Cornel A. Zwierlein, "Reformation als Rechtsreform. Bucers Hermeneutik der lex Dei und sein humanistischer Zugriff auf das romische Recht," in Christoph Strohm, ed.,
Martin Bucer und das Recht. Beitrage zum internationalen Symposium vom 1. bis 3. Marz in der Fobannes a Lasco Bibilothek Emden (Geneva: Librairie Droz, 2002), pp. 29-81. Irena
Backus ("Roman and Canon Law"), David F. Wright ("Decretum Gratiani"), Cornelis 2% Augustijn ("Regensburger Reichstag"), Matthieu Arnold ("L'équité chez Bucer") and Willem van 't Spijker ("Recht und Kirchenzucht") present further important ideas on this topic. Gottfried Seebass ("Kirchengiiter") considers Bucer's contribution to the discussion on the use of ecclesiastical property.
. Amy Nelson Burnett, The Yoke of Christ—Martin Bucer and Christian Discipline (Kirksville, Mo.: Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, 1994); Burnett has also written
"Church Discipline and Moral Reformation in the Thought of Martin Bucer," Sixteenth
Century Journal 22 (1991): 439-56; "Confirmation and Christian Fellowship—Martin
Bucer on Commitment to the Church," Church History 64 (1995): 202-17.
Jean Rott, "The Strasbourg Kirchenpfleger and Parish Discipline—Theory and Prac45. tice," in Wright, ed., Bucer, pp. 122-28.
Christian Meyer, "Gesangbuch, darin begriffen .
.. Martin Bucer et le chant liturgique," in M.B. and Europe, pp. 215-25.
Willem van 't Spijker, Calvin. Biographie und Theologie (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck &
46. a7:
Ruprecht, 2001). The same author provides a more detailed analysis of this topic in "Calvin's Friendship with Martin Bucer: Did It Make Calvin a Calvinist?" in Calvin and Spirituality, ed. David Foxgrover (Grand Rapids, Mich.: Calvin Studies Society, 1998), pp. 169-86.
Notes Discussed in van 't Spijker, Calvin, pp. 142-55.
48.
Ibid., p. 208.
Cornelis Augustijn, "Bern and France: The Background to Calvin's Letter to Bucer dated January 12, 1538," in W. H. Neuser and H. J. Selderhuis, eds., Ordenlich und fruchthar. Festschrift fiir Willem van °t Spijker (Leiden: Groen en Zoon, 1997), pp. 155-69.
49.
DU.
Francis Higman, "Bucer et les Nicodémites," in M.B. and Europe, pp. 645-58. Related to this is a point made by Barbara Pitkin, "Seeing and Believing in the Commentaries on John by Martin Bucer and John Calvin," Church History 68 (1999): 865-85. She observes that Bucer attached greater importance for the faith to signs and wonders than
Calvin did.
Cornelis Augustijn, "Bucer und die Religionsgesprache von 1540/41," in M.B. and Europe, pp. 67 1-80; see also, by the same author, "Bucer's Ecclesiology in the Colloquies with the Catholics, 1540-41," in Wright, ed., Bucer, pp. 107-21.
Martin Bucers Deutsche Schriften, vol. 9/1: Religionsgespriiche (1539-1541), ed. Cornelis
Augustijn (Giitersloh: Giitersloher Verlagshaus, 1995).
These are edited in BDS 9/1 (as in n. 53), pp. 93-145 and pp. 149-321, respectively.
This is Cornelis Augustijn's thesis in his article "Das Wormser Buch," Blatter fiir Pfalzische Kirchengeschichte 62 (1995): 7-46.
Volkmar Ortmann, Reformation und Einheit der Kirche. Martin Bucers Einigungsbemuibungen bei den Religionsgesprachen in Leipzig, Hagenau, Worms und Regensburg 1539/41
(Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2001).
"Das Wormser Buch ist Ausdruck von Bucers Anliegen, die protestantische Lehre so darzulegen, dass sie von der altgliubigen Seite in ihrer Wahrheit anerkannt und der evangelischen Reformation der Weg bereitet wird" (Ortmann, Reformation und Einbeit der Kirche, p. 227).
51. oe D3 ee Sor 56. eve See his "Bucer's Ecclesiology in the Colloquies with the Catholics, 1540-41," in Wright, ed., Bucer, pp. 107-21.
An example for this view is provided by Willem van 't Spijker, "De kerk in Bucers
58.
Ops oecumenisch streven," in Frank van der Pol, ed., Bucer en de kerk (Kampen, 1991), pp.
10-54.
Cornelis Augustijn, "Die Autorschaft des Consilium admodum paternum," in van 't Spijker, ed., Calvin—Erbe und Auftrag, pp. 255-69.
Nick Thompson, "Martin Bucer's Assessment of the Canon of the Mass in the Era of Religious Colloquies," Reformation and Renaissance Review 3 (2001): 51-77.
Jochen Remy, "Die Religionsgespriche von Hagenau, Worms und Regensburg 60.
61.
62.
(1540/41) als Ausgangspunkt fiir die K6lner Reformation," Monatshefte fiir Evangelische
Kirchengeschichte des Rheinlands 43 (1994): 29A9.
Martin Bucers Deutsche Schriften, vol. 11/1: Schriften zur Kolner Reformation, ed.
63.
Christoph Strohm and Thomas Wilhelmi (Giitersloh: Giitersloher Verlagshaus, 1999).
In fact, the following volume has appeared since the conclusion of this chapter: Martin
Bucers Deutsche Schriften, vol. 11/2: Schriften zur Kolner Reformation, ed. Vhomas Wilhelmi (Giitersloh: Giitersloher Verlagshaus, 2003).
Christoph Strohm, "Die Berufung auf kanonisches Recht, rémisches Recht und Reichsrecht in der Auseinandersetzung um die Kélner Reformation 1543-1546," in Strohm, ed., Martin Bucer und das Recht, pp. 123-45; the quote is taken from p. 125.
Amy Nelson Burnett, "Martin Bucer and the Church Fathers in the Cologne Reformation," Reformation and Renaissance Review 3 (2001): 108-24.
64.
65; 66.
Notes
Gottfried Hammann, "Ecclesiological Motives behind the Creation of the 'Christliche
Gemeinschaften,'" in Wright, ed., Bucer, pp. 129-43; Gottfried Hammann, "Die ekklesiologischen Hintergriinde zur Bildung von Bucers 'Christlichen Gemeinschaften' in StraSburg (1546-1548)," Zeitschrift fiir Kirchengeschichte 105 (1994): 344-60.
Gottfried Hammann, Entre /a secte et la cité. Le projet d'église du réformateur Martin Bucer
67.
68.
(1491-1551) (Geneva: Labor et Fides, 1984). The German translation bears the ttle
Martin Bucer 1491-1551. Zwischen Volkskirche und Bekenntnisgemeinschaft (Stuttgart:
Franz Steiner Verlag, 1989).
Thomas Brady, Protestant Politics: Jacob Sturm (1489-1553) and the German Reformation
69.
(Atlantic Highlands, N,J.: Humanities Press, 1995), p. 278. German translation: Zwischen Gott und Mammon. Protestantische Politik und deutsche Reformation (Berlin: Siedler,
1996), p. 234.
Admittedly, many of these drastic formulations are present only in the German trans70. lation of Brady's work (Zwischen Gott und Mammon, p. 218: "iiberzeugter Kriegstalke"; cf. Protestant Politics, p. 264. Zwischen Gott und Mammon, p. 220: "Bucers Zweckzynismus"; cf. Protestant Politics, p. 267. Zwischen Gott und Mammon, p. 233: "Kreuzritter'"; cf.
Protestant Politics, p. 277).
See, among others, Howard Dellar, "The Influence of Martin Bucer on the English Reformation," Cahiers d'histoire mondiale 106 (1992): 351-56; David F. Wright, "Marfee tin Bucer (1491-1551) in England," Anvil 9 (1992): 249-59; David F. Wright, "Martin Bucer in England—and Scotland," in M.B. and Europe, pp. 523-32; Basil Hall,
"Martin Bucer in England," in Wright, ed., Bucer, pp. 144-160. J. William Black observes Bucer's influence in Richard Baxter's conception of church discipline centered on the parish congregation: "From Martin Bucer to Richard Baxter: 'Discipline' and Reformation in 16th and 17th Century England," Church History 70 (2001): 644-73.
Diarmaid MacCulloch, Thomas Cranmer: A Life (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1996).
Jochen Remy, "Die 'K6lner Reformation' und ihre Bedeutung fiir die englische tye vise Kirchengeschichte. Anmerkungen zu einer Verhaltnisbestimmung zwischen dem 'Einfaltigen Bedenken' und dem 'Book of Common Prayer," Veroffentlichungen des Kolnischen Geschichtsvereins 67 (1993): 119-40.
Christine Klingenspor, "Martin Bucer als europaischer Reformator. Sein Einflufs auf das englische Book of Common Prayer von 1552 (Censura von 1551)," Blatter fir
74:
Pfiilzische Kirchengeschichte 59 (1992): 5-36.
N. Scott Amos, "'It Is Fallow Ground Here': Martin Bucer as Critic of the English eay.
Reformation," Westminster Theological Journal 61 (1999): 41-52.
N. Scott Amos, "Martin Bucer and the Revision of the 1549 Book of Common Prayer:
Reform of Ceremonies and the Didactic Use of Ritual," Reformation and Renaissance
Review 2 (1999): 107-26.
N. Scott Amos, "Strangers in a Strange Land: The English Correspondence of Martin
Bucer and Peter Martyr Vermigli," in Peter Martyr Vermigh and the European Reforma76. hd. tions, ed. Frank James II] (Leiden, forthcoming).
N. Scott Amos, "The Alsatian among the Athenians: Martin Bucer, Mid~Tudor Cambridge and the Edwardian Reformation," Reformation and Renaissance Review 4,1 (June
2002): 94-124.
N. Scott Amos, "The Use of Canon and Civil Law and Their Relationship to Biblical
Law in De Regno Christi," in Strohm, ed., Martin Bucer und das Recht, pp. 147-65.
78.
12:
Notes 80. N. Scott Amos, "The Exegete as Theologian: Martin Bucer's 1550 Cambridge Lectures on Ephesians and Biblical Humanist Method in Theology" (Ph.D. diss., University of St Andrews, June 2003).
81. Andreas Gaumann, Reich Christi und Obrigkeit. Eine Studie zum reformatorischen Denken und Handeln Martin Bucers (Bern: Peter Lang, 2001). The bibliography unfortunately contains numerous errors.
82. Ibid., p. 416 ("fanatisch").
83. Ibid., pp.
503 and 528 (""harmoniebediirftig").
84. Willem van 't Spijker, "Bucer's Doctrinal Legacy as Formulated in His Last Three Wills and Testaments," Reformation and Renaissance Review 3 (2001): 152-66.
>,e
Bibliography The works preceded by an asterisk are discussed in chapter 10, "New
Insights."
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Michael Herrmann, and Daniéle Fischer. Preface by Matthieu Arnold and Gottfried Seebass. Strasbourg: Association des Publications de la Faculté de Théologie Protestante, 1999.
Hartweg, Frédéric, and Klaus-Peter Wegera. Friibneuhochdeutsch. Eine Einftihrung in die deutsche Sprache des Spiitmitttelalters und der friiben Neuzeit. Tibingen: Niemeyer, 1989.
Kohn, Mechtild. "Bucer-Bibliographie 1951-1974." In de Kroon and Kriiger, eds., Bucer und seine Zeit, pp. 133-65.
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* Volume 3 (1527-1529). Edited by Jean Rott and Christian Krieger, in cooperation with Matthieu Arnold and Reinhold Friedrich. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1995.
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Volume 3: Confessio Tetrapolitana und die Schriften des Jahres 1531. Edited by Robert Stupperich. Giitersloh and Paris: Giitersloher Verlagshaus and Presses Universitaires de
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Volume 4: Zur auswiirtigen Wirksamkeit 1528-1533. Edited by Robert Stupperich. Giitersloh and Paris: Giitersloher Verlagshaus and Presses Universitaires de France, 1975.
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1537). Edited by Robert Stupperich, Marijn de Kroon, and Hartmut Rudolph. Giitersloh: Giitersloher Verlagshaus, 1988.
Volume 6, 2: Zum Tus Reformationis: Obrigkeitsschriften aus dem Fabre 1535. Dokumente zur
2. Strassburger Synode von 1539. Edited by Robert Stupperich. Giitersloh: Giitersloher
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Volume 6, 3: Martin Bucers Katechismen aus den fahren 1534, 1537, 1543. Edited by Robert
Stupperich. Giitersloh: Giitersloher Verlagshaus, 1987.
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Giitersloher Verlagshaus, 2004.
* Volume 9, 1: Religionsgesprache (1539-1541). Edited by Cornelis Augustijn, with the cooperation of Marijn de Kroon. Gitersloh: Giitersloher Verlagshaus, 1995.
* Volume 10: Schriften zu Ehe und Eherecht. Edited by Stephen E. Buckwalter and Hans
Schulz. Giitersloh: Giitersloher Verlagshaus, 2001.
* Volume 11, 1: Schriften zur Kolner Reformation. Edited by Christoph Strohm and Thomas
Wilhelmi. Giitersloh: Gitersloher Verlagshaus, 1999.
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Volume 17: Die letzten Strassburger Jahre 1546-1549. Schriften zur Gemeindereformation und zum Augsburger Interim. Edited by Robert Stupperich. Giitersloh: Giitersloher Verlagshaus, 1981.
Opera latina.
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Volume 3 (Martin Bucer and Matthew Parker): Florilegium patristicum. Edited by Pierre
Fraenkel. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1988.
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Scripta anglicana fere omnia. Edited by Conrad Hubert. Basel: Petrus Perna, 1577.
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Melanchthon and Bucer. Edited by Wilhelm Pauck. Library of Christian Classics 19. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1969. (Pp. 153-394 contain Martin Bucer's De Regno Christi.)
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Bebel, Heinrich. Opusculum Henrici Bebelii, Iustingensis de institutione puerorum. Strasbourg:
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Bekenntnisschriften der reformierten Kirche. Edited by Karl Miiller. Leipzig, 1903. Reprint,
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Calvin, John. Opera quae supersunt omnia. Edited by Wilhelm Baum et al. 44 vols. Braunschweig, 1863-1900.
Complete Prose Works of John Milton. Vol. 2. Edited by E. Sirluck. New Haven, Conn.: Yale
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Correspondance des réformateurs dans les pays de langue frangaise. Edited by A. L. Herminjard.
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Engelbrecht, Antonius. Abconterfeytung Martin Butzers (1546). Edited by Werner Bellardi.
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. Collected Works of Erasmus. Vol. 66: Spiritualia. Enchiridion. De contemptu mundi. De vidua christiana. Edited by John W. O'Malley. Toronto: University of 'Toronto Press,
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Index Michael; Tesch, Peter; Vogtherr the Elder, Heinrich; Wolff, Hans; Ziegler, Clemens anathema. See ban Andernach, 191, 196 Andlau, cannonesses of, 4 Aachen, 32, 184 Aarau, 136 Abiram, 229 See also Dathan academy of higher education in Bonn, 191 in Heidelberg, 6 in Marburg, 153 angels, 56 anthropology, 8-9, 25-28, 30-31, 56-59 See also love of neighbor in Strasbourg, 147, 203, 215, 225, 245 antichrist, 40, 42, 174, 198, 200, 208, 216 in Tubingen, 18, 146 Aesop, 10 Agricola, Johannes, 219 Albrecht of Mainz, 33, 38, 98, 152 Aleander, Girolamo, 34, 44, 275 nn.25, 29 anticlericalism, 36, 50-53, 61-62, 65-66, 68 antiquity, 7-8, 19, 147, 240, 242 anti-Semitism, 156-58 Antwerp, 47, 230, 233 alliance of Protestants, political, 90-100 apocalypticism, 42, 69-70, 119, 124, 201
Aquila, Caspar, 35 Aquinas, Thomas. See Thomas Aquinas.
Alsfeld, 153, 179 Altenahr, 184 Altenwied, 192 Altglaubige. See church: Catholic; church: archbishop of Canterbury, 141,145,227, 229, 233, 237,
244, 246 of Cologne, 172, 175-76, 183-93, traditional (pre-Reformation) Altorf, Abbey of, 66 Amerbach brothers, 9 Amiens, 228 Ammerschwihr, 130 Amsdorf, Nikolaus von, 135 Anabaptists, 67—70, 75, 82, 101, 118-21,
197, 200 of Mainz, 21, 33, 38, 219 of Paris, 105 of Sens, 102 of Trier, 87 Aristotle, 10, 12, 16-17, 19, 24-25, 28 Armstorff, Paul von, 37 123-24, 125 in Hessen, Bucer's conversion of, 153-56 artisan guilds See also Denck, Hans; Hoffman, Melchior;
Bucer's analogy with congregation Hut, Hans; Jost, Lienhard and Ursula; Kautz, Jacob; Marpeck, Pilgram; Melmembership, 213 in Sélestat, 3—4 chiorites; Rebstock, Barbara; Reublin, Wilhelm; Rothmann, Bernd; Sattler, in Strasbourg, 48, 50, 59, 84
Index artisans, artisanship, 2-3, 12, 241 Froben, 25 in Bonn, 187 in Heidelberg, 21 invitation to Bucer, 81 Karlstadt, 72 rejection of Wittenberg Concord, 142 Bavaria, 47, 107, 112, 132, 163, 218 in Strasbourg, 48-50, 59, 66, 84 in Wissembourg, 40 Aschaffenburg, 172 Augsburg, 47, 106, 136, 159 'Treaty with Charles V, 210 Bebel, Heinrich, 18-19 Becon, Thomas, 231 begging, 112, 129 Anabaptists from, 70 Bucer's organization of the church in, 111-114 prohibition of, 53 Beguines, 4, 41 Bucer's last visit, 220-21 city council of, 101 Bellay, Guillaume du, 105 Benedictine Order, 3-4, 41 benefices, ecclesiastical, 5, 171, 187 Benfeld, 68 imperial diet (1530), 94-96, 107, 175 imperial diet (1547), 218 Augsburg Confession, 94-95, 98-100, 175,
180-81 Augsburg Interim of 1548, 80, 217-26, Bergisches Land, 184 Bern, 78, 81, 91, 100, 116, 140-42, 260, 267
243, 270 Augusta, Johannes, 205 Augustinian Hermits, Order of, 27, 41, 61, 137 Augustine of Hippo, 114, 145 Disputation (1528), 78-79, 130, 257 Besserer, Bernhard, 107, 111, 220 Biberach, 95, 109, 133 Bible, 16, 23, 54, 57, 61-64, 66, 73-74, 79-83,
Austria, 88, 164 authority, civil 101-2, 108, 110, 118, 134, 136, 145, 160, 166, 176, 178, 180, 191, 198-99, 207-8, 224, 233, 243, 258, 262-64 commentaries on books of. See commenrole in carrying out church reform and enforcing moral discipline, 67, 82, 87-88, 92, 103, 111, 114-15, 118, 124-25, 135, 139, 143-44, 150, 156-57,
L69,U73 3188; 193, 204582101 652252
240, 244, 257, 264, 266, 271 Avignon, 152 Avranches, Bishop of, 102, 261 taries, biblical as foundation of Erasmian humanism, 25-26, 29 lay reading of, 74 lectures by Bucer on, 80-83, 116, 145, seen by Bucer as Christians' only rule and standard, 42, 62-64, 79, 169, 172-74, Baer, Oswald, 7 Balkan Peninsula, 88 ban 180, 183, 190, 196, 199, 208, 236, 242, 262, 265, 268-69 use by Peasants' Uprising, 64-66 ecclesiastical, 50 See also God, word of Bibliander, Theodore, 136 bigamy, 105, 178, 182, 192 approved by Bucer for congregational discipline, 108, 122, 127, 148, 155 Use by Catholic church against evangeliPhilip of Hesse, 158-61 cals, 32, 55, 59, 60 imperial, 39, 89, 96, 167, 210, 216, 218, 223 on synagogue construction, 158 Bandelli, Vincent, 13 baptism, 64, 77, 82, 102, 123, 138, 169-70, 180,
Bild, Beatus. See Rhenanus, Beatus Billican, Theobald, 27, 29 Billick, Eberhard, 189 Billigkeit, 236 Bischofszell, 100 bishop, 5, 61, 106, 115, 140, 173, 178, 198-99,
190, 243 adult baptism, 119 infant baptism, 102, 120, 123, 126, 138, 144 liturgical innovations, 63 Barbus (Soncinas), Paulus, 25 Basel, 9, 26, 33, 70, 74, 78, 91, 93, 96-98, 100,
233,239 Bucer described as Strasbourg's, 123 of Augsburg, 112-113 of Avranches, 102, 261 of Constance, 140 of Gloucester, 237 107, 111, 116, 129, 136, 140, 141, 202,
of Hereford, 281 n.14
Index
of London, 236 of Naumburg, 179 of Speyer, 34, 44, 200 of Strasbourg, 1, 4, 7, 52-53, 55, 59, 84,91,
Wibrandis, née Rosenblatt, 202, 247-8 Bucer's main works An statui et dignitate, 173 n.14
Argumenta Buceri pro et contra, 159 Bedacht der Kirchenpfleger, 122 Bedenken und Erinnerung auf die Predigten, 222
Bericht aus der Heiligen Schrift, 101-2 196, 223-25 See also archbishop; bishopric bishopric of Halberstadt, 210 of Magdeburg, 210 of Paderborn, 140 Blarer Bestandige Verantwortung, 197-98 Christliche Erinnerung, 198 Christliche und wabre Verantwortung, 189
Commentary on John, 81, 141, 145, 260, Ambrosius, 70, 78, 107-111, 119, 127, 134,
281 n.14
Commentary on Romans, 145, 229, 281 n.20
Commentary on the Synoptic Gospels, 140, 146, 149 Margarethe, 101, 103, 120, 127 Thomas, 103, 106, 140 Blumenau, Hans von, 124 Bohemia, 132, 201, 205, 254 Bohemian Brethren, 204—5 Bologna, 94, 218 Boniface (Roman general), 114 Bonn, 185, 188-89, 191, 200 81-82, 94, 141, 145, 229, 281 n.14
Confessio Tetrapolitana, 95—97, 123 Das einigerlei Bild, 116 Das ym selbs niemant, 56-58 De caena domuinica, 61 De Regno Christi, 240-45 De vera et falsa caenae dominicae, 208 Defensio contra axioma catholicum, 102-3
Der CXX. Psalm, 200 Der newe glaub von den Doctoren zu Lowen, archdiaconate, 183 Bucer in, 186-89, 192-94 Charles V in, 192-93 bonum commune. See common good books. See printing Botzheim family in Sélestat, 13 Brabant, Duchy of, 39 Brandenburg-Ansbach, 90 Brandenburg, Electorate of, 167, 176, 178, 182,
199-200 n.76
Dialogi oder Gesprech, 114-16 Die ander verteydigung, 189 Disputatio Ratisbonae, 209 Ein christhch ongefahrlich bedencken, 199 n.74
Ein Sendbrieve Martini Buceri, 200 219-21 Brandenburg-Nuremberg, church ordinance,
Ein Summarischer vergriff, 222 Einfaltiges Bedenken, 189-91
Brant, Sebastian, 8, 51 bread and wine in the Lord's Supper, 63, 72-73, Fiirbereytung zum Konzil, 103-4 Getrewe Warnung, 69 Grund und Ursach, 63 Handel mir Cunrat Treger, 62 Handlung gegen Hoffman, 126 77, 93, 96, 99, 102-3, 134, 137-38, 140,
180, 233 Brem, Martin, 247 Brenz, Johannes, 26-27, 71, 93 Brixen (Bressanone), 7 Bruchsal, 34 Judenratschlag, 157-58 Per quos steterit / Vom tag zu Hagenaw, 174n.16
Quid de baptismate infantium sentiendum, 126 Retractationes, 141 Summary seiner Predig, 42-43 Briick, Gregor, 96, 168-69 Brihl, 187 Brunfels, Otto, 80, 125, 275 n.25
Brunswick, Duchy of, 151 Bucer Verantwortung M. Butzers, 58 Vergleichung D. Luthers, 76-77 Vom Ampt der Oberkeit, 114-16 Vom Mangel der Religion, 117 Vom Niirnbergischen fridestand, 172-73 Bucer's children, 201-2 Claus Jr., 10-12, 39, 42, 55 Claus Sr., 10, 13-15 Elisabeth, née Silbereisen, 40, 42, 55, 201
Eva (?), 11 Jorge, 10 Von den einigen rechten Wegen, 199 n.73
Von der Ehe und Ehescheidung, 110-11, 263 Von der kirchen mengel und fahl, 216-17 Von der wahren Seelsorge, 149-50, 204-5 Von gemeinschaft der kirchen, 217
Index Bucer's main works (continued) Cellarius, Martin, 68, 70 Cénau, Robert, 102, 261 ceremonies, church, 55, 79, 169, 170, 178, 217,
Von Kirchengtitern, 172 n.10
Was 1m Namen des Heiligen Evangeliums, 188 Wegen Abschaffung grober Laster, 212-13 Wie leicht und fiiglich, 198-99 Wormser Buch, 178, 180, 267-68 Zwei Decret des Trientischen Concili, 208-9
219-21 Bucer gives new importance to, 102, 178 Bucer relativizes external, 64, 237-38 humanistic critique of, 26 Interim restores Catholic, 220-21 Reformation rejection of, 29, 43, 62, 79-80,
Buffler, Peter and Jost, 146 Bugenhagen, Johannes, 75, 137 Bullinger, Heinrich, 100, 102, 106, 134-35,
169,191, 233,237-38 renewal of, 54, 79, 153, 217 See also worship services 142, 190, 193-95, 233-34, 237, 263, 267, 287 nn.9, 11 Bundschuh, 2 Cervini, Marcello, 207 chaplains (low ranking priests), 6 Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, 32, 37, 39,
Bure, Idelette de, 148 burghers, expectations of clergy, 5, 51 Burtenbach, Schertlin von. See Schertlin von
88-89, 92, 94, 96, 99, 132, 164-66, 175-77, 192, 197, 199, 210, 218, 232 Bucer's eyewitness description of, 194 and the Interim, 218-19, 222-23 negative attitude toward Bucer, 287 n.49
Burtenbach Buschhoven, 185 Butzel, Claus, 10 Butzer. See Bucer at the Regensburg Diet, 179-81 settlement with Philip of Hesse, 161, 182 treaty with Joachim II of Brandenburg, 182 victory over the Protestants at the battle of Cajetan, Tommaso (Giacomo) de Vio, 25 Calais, 228 Calvin, John, viii, 147-49, 227, 233, 237-8,
245, 251-52, 262, 266-67, 269, 281 n.24
Cambridge, 234-37, 245-249, 270 Miuhlberg, 211 See also Habsburgs Cheke, John, 236, 240, 246 Chelius (Geiger), Ulrich, 105 Christliche Gemeinschaften. See fellowships, university. See 'Irinity College Campeggio, Lorenzo, 176 canon law. See church law Canterbury, 141, 145, 227-28, 246 capitalism, 49, 111 Capito Christian christology. See Jesus Christ Chrysostom, John, 145 church Agnes, 247-48 Wolfgang, 33-34, 38, 59-62, 66-67, 69-70,
Catholic, vii, 43, 52-54, 62, 64, 71, 73, 75, 83, 95, 98, 102-5, 107, 112=13).132; 136, 142, 148, 160, 164-76, 178-81, 186-88, 190, 193, 195, 197, 200, 207, 209, 218-21, 224, 231-34, 247, 249, 252-53, 260-62, 267-68 "dear children of God" also among 75, 77-78, 81, 83, 85, 95—96, 122-23, 130; 135+3:7,'139) 1422177, 202, 258.
263, 277 n.42
See also Bucer, Wibrandis Carlowitz, Georg von, 168 Carmelite Order, 189 Carr, Nicholas, 246 Casel, Gregor, 74 Catholics according to Bucer, 104 See also church: traditional (pre-Reformation) early. See early church catechetical instruction, 80, 108, 225, 238, 243
Protestant, vii, 89-93, 101, 107, 111, 119, 264-66 catechism 123, 158, 182, 240 See also Reformation movement Bucer's catechism of 1534, 126, 264-65 Bucer's catechism of 1537, 149 traditional (pre-Reformation), 14, 43-44,
52-54, 59, 61-63, 74, 83-84, 89, 105, 108-9, 125-6, 173, 179, 185, 191, 197, 267 Bucer's catechism of 1543, 203 confirmation and, 144 Catholicism. See church, Catholic Cato, 10 "true," 62, 94, 196, 208 See also ecclesiology
Index
church discipline, 69, 80-81, 108, 110, 115-18, on John, 81, 141, 145, 260, 281 n.14
120, 122, 127, 138, 143-44, 148-50, 153-55, 159, 193, 203-5, 212-16, 223, 228, 238, 241, 243, 265-66, 271 on Habakkuk, 81 on Matthew. See Bucer's main works:
Commentary on the Synoptic Gospels; commentaries, biblical: by Bucer: on the Synoptic Gospels See also ban church fathers, 19, 26, 29, 61, 103, 168, 174,
176, 196, 236, 242, 262, 268-69 Greek, 96, 101, 145, on the Psalms, 82, 94, 260 on Romans, 145, 229 on the Synoptic Gospels, 81-82, 94, 141,
Latin, 96 church goods. See church property church law, 68, 172, 190 church ordinance, 79, 113, 122, 156, 169, 178,
145, 229, 281 n.14 on Zephaniah, 82 by Bugenhagen 182, 190, 264 on the Psalms, 75 by Capito for Hessen, 155 for Strasbourg, 126 on Hosea, 70 by Luther for Ulm, 108-9 church property, 5, 171, 173, 182-83, 234, 243
Church States, 218 Cicero in the Sélestat Latin school's curricuon Galatians, 30 commerce participation of Jews in, in Hesse, 157-58
See also trade common good, the, 49, 65, 69, 80-81, 84, 87, lum, 10 cities, free imperial, 36, 44, 47, 90, 95, 98-99,
171,240, 245 commonweal. See common good, the Confessio Augustana. See Augsburg Confession.
106, 115, 131, 133, 140, 174, 210, 224 overshadowed by territorial princes, 88-89, 252 clergy Confessio Augustana variata, 176 opposed to Reformation, 36-37, 50, 53, 61,
Confessio Helvetica Prior, 136, 139, 140 64-66, 68, 109, 183-84, 186, 197, 199,
prior to Reformation, 5, 23, 25, 36, 50-52, Confessio Tetrapolitana, 95-97, 123 confirmation, Catholic sacrament of, 169-70,
180, 189, 233 confirmation of youth, Protestant, 144, 65, 109, 183, 238 within Reformation movement, 42, 50, 52-55,
Ebay 2 OF 57, 64-66, 113, 139, 183, 233, 237 confraternities, 4-5 congregation, 57, 72, 173, 190 role in a national council, 166 clerical marriage. See marriage, clerical
Cleves, 167, 182-84, 191-92 Cleves, Duke of, 182 Anabaptist congregations, 68, 120, 154 Anabaptists in Strasbourg congregations, 213 autonomy of, 143, 147-48, 153-55, 203, proverbial authority over church in his terri212-14 and ban, 80, 115, 148, 153 tory, 184 Cleves, Eberhard of, 17-18, 26 Clichthoveus, Jodocus, 16 Coburg, 96 colloquies, religious. See Hagenau; Leipzig; in Bonn, 200 Bucer's views in England, 238-39, 243, 245,
254, 266 and ecclesiastical property, 173 Regensburg; Worms Colmar, 1-2, 13 Cologne, 32, 47, 151, 172, 175, 183, 269 in Hesse, 153-55 lack of growth in Strasbourg, 217 lay participation, 101 and Lord's Supper, 43, 72, 137-8 of St. Aurelien, 55, 59-60 of St. Thomas, 203 archbishop of, 172, 175-76 Dominicans in, 31 Reformation attempt in Electorate of, 183-193, 196-200, 207, 269-70 commentaries, biblical in Strasbourg, 52, 54, 80, 108-9, 118, 122,
140, 203, 217, 224 of Strasbourg cathedral, 52 See also fellowships, Christian by Bucer on the 120th Psalm, 200 on Ephesians, 81, 260
Index Deuteronomy 13:1-9, 58 Devil py spl d 229 consciénee, 84, 1221259136, 138, 1775 221.
225) 253 Constance, 70, 78, 95, 97, 100, 103, 106-7, devotio moderna, 7 111, 134, 139-40, 146, 223-24 Contarini, Gasparo, 179-80 conversion, forced, of Jews, 156, 158 cooper trade in Alsace, 5 Corinthians, First dialectic, 10, 147 dialogue characteristic for Bucer's way of doing theology, vill, 71,75, 145, 173 25252620265 literary genre used by Bucer, 37, 76, 103,
Bucer's lectures on, 187 chapter 7:2, 263 Cornwall, 229 114, 157, 160, 170, 173, 256, 264-65 between Jews and Christians, prohibition of, 158 Diaz council, church, 99, 103 versus authority of the Bible, 61-62 Bucer's high esteem for early church counAlfonso, 209
Juan, 209-10 cils, 169, 174, 268 German national church council, 103, diets, imperial. See Augsburg; Regensburg;
Speyer; Worms Dionysius the Areopagite. See Pseudo-Diony164-65, 166, 171-74, 177, 181, 195, 197-199, 219, 243, 268 Lateran, Fourth (1215), 180 Swiss national church synod, 141 of Trent, 199-200, 207-10, 218 court sius the Areopagite discipleship, 15, 25-26, 99, 116, 210, 213-14
See also ethics; sanctification discipline, church. See church discipline discipline, moral. See church discipline discipline, social. See social discipline
Dissenhofen, 100 imperial Chamber (Reichskammergericht),
IB20167, 218
papal, 7, 3273436, 1714181 See also Pope Cranmer, Thomas, 141, 145, 227-29, 232, divorce, Bucer's views on, 110-11, 244-45,
D> 7 203 doctrine, 169, 232, 253-54 237-38, 244, 248, 270 Bucer's perception of relationship between creation, 189, 241-42 ethics and, 270 Catholic, 208, 219 discussed at religious colloquies, 135, 138 evangelical understanding of Christian, Christ restores God's order of, 57, 241 Christians as new, 30 divine law implanted in, 57, 111, 158, 205,
241-42, 263 Crépy, Treaty of, 197 Crockaert, Peter, 25 Cromwell, Thomas, 232 Croydon, 228, 233 Czech translation of Bucer's work, 205 94-95, 107, 117-18, 120-21, 123, 125 135, 149, 179, 181, 221-2332 237-38, 268-69 of the early church, 126 standardization of, 88, 126, 156 state duty to supervise, 122, 126, 156 of the traditional church, 37, 232 Dominican Monastery in Strasbourg, former,
Danube, 210 Darmstadt, 151, 153 Dathan, 221 80-81, 139, 144, 146-47 Dominican Order, 4, 12-26, 31-34, 38, 41, 43,
See also Abiram 69, 109, 125, 129-30, 256 Dover, 228 Dringenberg, Ludwig, 7-8 Duprat, Antoine, 102 Diiren, capture by Charles V., 192 dead, commemoration of the, 169 death penalty, 70, 154, 158 Decapolis, 1-2 Denck, Hans, 68-69, 119 See also Anabaptists; Kautz, Jacob Denmark, 104, 194, 199, 220, 254 d'Etaples, Jacques Lefévre. See Lefévre d'Etaearly church, 236, 269 extolled as model by Geiler von Kaysersberg, 51 perceived as model by Bucer, 95, 169-70, ples, Jacques Deuteronomic theology of history, 212 174, 183, 236-37, 141, 268-69
Index
theology and writings of, 61, 101, 126 Ebernburg, castle of, 35-38 Ebersminster, abbey of, 4 ecclesiastical patrimony. See church property ethics, 8-10, 16, 28-29, 31, 51-52, 56, 69, 79,
829 115. 9215145, 160PL 66h 170 le ee 196, 2719222 7230 255.2 450765:
265-66, 217 See also discipleship; sanctification Europe, vii, ix, 1, 15, 88, 104-5, 116, 133, 142, ecclesiology, 158, 167, 180, 235, 253, 268-69, og See also church; fellowships, Christian Eck, Johannes, 94, 96, 175-76, 179-80 Eder River, 151 education, 7-10, 13-14, 18, 25-26, 79-81, 115,
145, 164, 194, 209, 218, 262 excommunication. See ban exegesis, biblical, Bucer's, 81-83, 242, 258-59,
extreme unction, 238 117, 139, 144-149, 153, 155, 176, 183, 244-45, 264, 266 Faber Stapulensis. See Lefevre d'Etaples,
See also Latin school Edward VI of England, 228, 231, 240, 243, 247 Ehrenberg mountain pass, 210 Jacques Fachs, Ludwig, 168-69 Fagius, Paul, 212, 214-15, 222, 224-25, 228,
Eichstatt, 6 Eifel region, 147 Fisenach, 136-137 Eisleben, 207 Elbe River, 211 233-35, 249 faith. See Jesus Christ, faith in family life, Bucer's, 201-2, 247-48 Farel, William, 245, 287 n.13 elect, the, 62, 69, 124, 241 fathers, church. See church fathers Feige, Johannes, 154, 168, 177 fellowships, Christian, 211-17, 223-25, 244, 269
Ferdinand, King of Bohemia and Hungary, 89, electors, prince, 21, 86, 166, 179, 221 Elizabeth I of England, Queen, 249 emperor, Holy Roman, 1, 18, 36 132, 164, 175 Ficino, Marsilio, 19 See also Maximilian; Charles V empire, Holy Roman, 2, 21, 32, 36, 39, 47-48,
50, 83, 87-92, 94-95, 98, 104-5, 132-33, 142, 151, 163-67, 169-70, 174, Firn, Anton, 58 Four Cities' Confession. See Confessio Tetrapolitana France, 40, 71, 83, 88, 105-6, 163-4, 182, 192,
181, 183-85, 195, 198-99, 207, 218-20, 251-52, 259 end times. See apocalypticism; eschatology
Engelbrecht, Anton, 34, 122, 125-26, 140, 200 England, 88, 105, 199, 218, 220, 227-52, 254,
197, 218, 220, 230-32, 254, 261-62 Francis I, King of France, 89, 105-6, 132, 140,
163-65, 192, 194, 197, 218, 261-62 Franciscan Order, 4, 13, 41, 43, 52, 191, 260, 270 Ephesians 187, 191 Franciscan Monastery in Bern, 78 Franciscan Monastery in Bonn, 187, 191 Franck, Sebastian, 110, 114, 264 Franconia, 2 Frankfurt am Main, 31-33, 47, 95, 100, 129,
Bucer's Cambridge lectures on, 294 n.80
Bucer's commentary on, 81, 260 Bucer's Strasbourg lectures on, 235, 270, 294 n.80
Epicureans, 125-26, 222, 239 equity (Billigkeit), 236 Erasmus, Desiderius, 1, 18-20, 25-29, 32-33,
136, 139, 152, 193 Bucer and the pastors of, 100 Truce of (Frankfurter Anstand), 167-68, 170
Franz von Sickingen, 31, 33-41, 44, 55, 87, 130 Frecht, Martin, 27, 110-11 Frederick I, Elector Palatine, 21—22, 41
Frederick I, Elector Palatine, 38-39, 63, 87, eo te 2 O20 03.1 LOS L1G 1455 166-67, 196, 256 Erasmus of Limburg, bishop. See Limburg,
Erasmus of Erb, Sebastian, 121 Ergersheim, Martin, 6—7 Ernst of Liineburg, Prince, 96-97 eschatology, 124, 201, 205 180, 197,275 nl Frederick the Wise, Elector of Saxony, 33, 98,
132-34, 160 freedom, 26, 30, 51, 115, 125, 171, 177, 238, 241 See also apocalypticism of conscience, 125, 253 ethical laxity, 115
Index good, common. See common good gospel, 19, 36, 38-40, 42, 44, 52-55, 60, 62,
French national church, 261 French refugee congregation in Strasbourg, 147-48, 228 Fribourg (Switzerland), 61 64-65, 67, 92, 99, 102, 105, 116, 118, 124, 141, 145, 157, 172, 188, 193, 207, 217, 220, 243, 254, 259 law and, 265 Gospels commentary, Bucer's, 81-82, 94, 141,
Frisia, 172 Froben, Johannes, 25 Fugger family in Augsburg, 111 Fulda, ecclesiastical territory of, 154 Fulda River, 151, 160 145, 229, 281 n.14
Gotha, Bucer's meeting with Luther in, 141 government. See authorities, civil grammar Fiissen, 210 in humanist curriculum, 9-10, 18-19 and Lord's Supper controversy, 72 Granvelle, Nicholas Perrenot de, 175-181
Greek language, 246 Galatians, Luther's Commentary on, 30 Gardiner, Stephen, 227 Gebwiler, Jerome, 7-10, 12 Geiler von Kaysersberg, Johann, 8, 19, 51
Geislingen, 109 Gelderland, 182, 184, 192 Genesis 2:28, 263 Geneva, 262, 267 Bucer's command of, 82 Bucer's study of, under Brenz, 26 in humanist curriculum, 7, 19 taught at Strasbourg academy, 147 Greek New 'Jestament, Erasmus's, 25 Greiffenklau, Richard von, 'Trier Elector, 44
Gremp, Ludwig, 203 Grey, Jane, 246 Bucer's influence on Reformation in, 148, 262, 266 invitation to Bucer, 227 Georg, Duke of Saxony, 168 Gerbel, Nicolaus, 93 Gerber, Erasmus, 66 German national church council. See council,
Grindal, Edmund, 236, 246 Gropper, Johannes, 175-80, 185-87, 193, 197, 267-68 Griininger, Johannes, 52 Grynaeus, Simon, 111, 141, 281 n.25
Guebwiller, 14 guilds. See artisan guilds Gymnasium. See academy of higher education: church Gerson, Jean de, 9, 19 Giessen, 178 Glapion, Jean, 37 Gloucester, 237, 239 God, 15, 27-31, 42-43, 56-57, 72-73, 85, 102, in Strasbourg 104, 111, 121, 171, 208, 243, 247, 254 Habakkuk evil and, 114, 200, 222 Bucer's commentary on, 81 Bucer's lectures on, 81 Habsburgs, 1, 88-89, 107, 112, 132, 164, 182, farthing) > ,2220255 and government, 92, 111, 114-15, 124, 205,
213, 216-17 law of. See law, divine mercy of, 42-43, 57-58, 84, 99, 120, 182, 1920241 Haddon, Walter, 236, 246, 248-49 189, 212, 228, 242-43, 253 and money, 237 funeral oration for Bucer, 249 Hagenau spirit of. See Holy Spirit as member of Alsatian Decapolis, | religious colloquy (1540), 147, 173-76, truth of, 54, 61, 79, 83, 92, 99, 120, 125, 169,
185, 267 Halberstadt, bishopric of, 210 Hales, John, 227, 231 Halle an der Saale, Philip's surrender to 172, 190, 209 will of, 58, 72, 85, 115, 160, 189, 200, 264 word of, 43, 52-53, 62, 66, 71, 73, 83, 102,
Li2,222 Bucer on, 117, 225-26 Charles V in, 211 Haller, Berchthold, 78 Han, Michael, 161, 204 Hardenberg, Albert, 207 See also Bible worship of, 208, 266 wrath of, 70, 203, 211-12, 222, 228-29, 239
Godesberg, 184 hate, Bucer's reflections on, 104
Index oa hatred towards the clergy. See anticlericalism Hatten, Maternus, 33-34 Hatzer, Ludwig, 68. See also Anabaptists; Kautz,
Capito's lectures on, 81 Hospitaller Order of St. John, 4 Hubert, Conrad, 203, 274 n.23
Hugshofen, Abbey of, 4, 26 humanism, 6—10, 12-13, 18-20, 25-28, 30-33, Jacob; Denck, Hans Hebrew, Bucer's command of, 82 Hedio, Caspar, 58, 60-62, 93, 123, 189, 204,
38-39, 51, 61, 83, 145, 147, 163, 166-67, 185, 203, 219, 251, 261, 265,
Hummelberg, Michael, 9 Hungary, 132, 164, 220, 254 Hus, Jan. See Hussites 216, 258 Heidelberg, 129 Bucer in, 16-18, 21-35, 37-38, 57 Luther's disputation in, 26-29, 255 University, 6 Heilbronn, 95 Helding, Michael, 219 helpers (low ranking priests), 6 Henry VII of England, 105, 164, 194, 218,
Hussites, Hussite movement, 204 Hut, Hans, 70, 119 See also Anabaptists Hutten, Ulrich von, 31, 33-39, 44 Hymnal of 1541, Strasbourg, 203, 266 227, 231-32, 234 Herlin, Martin, 121 hermeneutics, 256 Ijsselmeer, 184 Bucer's, 74-74, 79, 84, 93-94, 103, 242, 263,
Ill River, 1-2, 13, 228 Imperial Chamber Court. See Court, Imperial 277 n.58, 291 n.43
Hersfeld, 154 Hesse, Landgraviate of, 44, 86, 90-91, 93, 98, Chamber imperial diets. See Augsburg; Regensburg;
131-32, 134, 151-61, 168, 174, 177-78, 182, 191, 193-94, 198, 199-201, 211 Bucer's organization of the church in Hesse,
Speyer; Worms imperial knights. See knights, imperial income, Bucer's, 202-3, 234 153-61 See also Philip of Hesse Hispanus, Petrus, 25 Hoen, Cornelis, 72 Hoffman, Melchior, 119, 121-23, 126 interest, lending money for, 236-37, 245
Interim, 80, 217-26, 243, 270 Tony on OV Lal TOs
Israel and the Deuteronomic theology of history, See also Anabaptists; Melchiorites; Miinster
Hofmann, Crato (Krafft), 7 holidays, medieval religious, 5, 8, 63, 65, 229, 238 Holland, 1
Italy, 47, 88, 164, 210, 220 Biblical humanism in, 167 Bucer's contacts in, 71, 104 evangelicals in, 83, 254 See also Netherlands Holy Spirit, the, in Anabaptist theology, 69 Jesus Christ, 25-31, 37-38, 40, 43, 56-57,
72-73, 79, 85, 102, 104-6, 126, 145, 150)155,-169; 174) 1793190) 196; 198, 2003205, 208, 2.10, 213-17, 2243239, 238-45, 264 body and blood of. See bread and wine in the in Bucer's theology, 28, 37, 57, 62, 69, 74, 79,
101, 111, 115, 124, 148-50, 172, 177, 205, 208, 241-42, 244, 253, 263 and confessional reconciliation in the 1530s,
in Calvin's theology, 148 _in Cranmer's theology, 244 Lord's Supper; Lord's Supper; Mass death of. See saving work faith in, 26-28, 30, 72-75, 93, 101, 115, in Gropper's theology, 177 in Reformation theology, 73 in Zell's theology, 54 Homberg an der Efze, 152 Hoogstraten, Jacob of, 31-34 Hooper, John, 231, 237-38 Hosea 145-46, 169, 171, 175, 177, 179, 233,
God reveals himself in, 42, 72-73, 102 head of the church, 196 Hoffman's view of, 126 justification through. See justification by grace through faith Capito's commentary on, 70, 81
Index Jesus Christ (continued) Kempen, 184, 191 Kempten, 95, 133 kingdom of Christ. See Jesus Christ, lordship of Kirchenordnung. See church ordinance lordship of, 94, 143-44, 159, 169-70, 175,
186, 198, 200-201, 216, 238-45, 247-48, 264 saving work, 56-57, 64, 74-77, 99, Kleve. See Cleves Kniebis, Claus, 55, 59-60, 66, 77, 85, 91, 203 knights, imperial, 36, 39, 87 Kollin, Conrad, 109 Kottenforst, 185 102-3, 177 teaching of, 118, 120 Jews in Hesse, 156-58 Joachim II, Elector of Brandenburg, 178, 182
Jobanniterorden. See Hospitaller Order of Krafft, Adam, 153 Kreuznach, 35 St. John John, gospel of Bucer's commentary on, 81, 141, 145, 260,
Lactantius, 19 Lahn River, 151 Lambert d'Avignon, Francois, 162 Lambeth, 228 Landstuhl, 39-40 Laon, 197 Lasco, John a. See Laski, Jan Laski, Jan, 237 Lateran Council, Fourth (1215), 180 Latimer, Hugh, 231 281 n.14 chapter 6, 72, 235 chapter 6:63, 141 chapter 16:33 (implicit), 215 John the Baptist, 5 John the Evangelist, 5, 145 John the Steadfast, Elector of Saxony (1525-1532), 90 John Frederick, Elector of Saxony (1532-1547),
132-34, 160, 200, 210-11 Latin language, 9-10, 12, 19, 25 Jost, Ursula, 119 Judaism, 82, 156-58 Jude, St., 5 Bucer's study of, 12, 274 n.24 in humanist curriculum, 9-10, 19 taught at Strasbourg academy, 147 Latin school, 14, 80 Jude, epistle of, 83 Jiilich-Cleves, Duchy of, 167, 184, 191-92 at Sélestat, 6-12, 16, 19 jurisdiction at Strasbourg, 80, 146, 191 Latomus, Bartholomaeus, 196-97 Lauffen am Neckar, 132 law extension of, by territorial princes, 87 of church, 150 of Cologne archbishop, 113, 183, 185, 196 of Dominican Order, 34 of Elector Palatine in Heidelberg, 21 of Heidelberg University, 23 justification by grace through faith, 27-28, 31 divine, 27-28, 30, 42, 55, 57-58, 64-65, 69,
81, 84, 92, 108, 114-15, 157, 171, 242, Zoe 265+ tension between Spirit and, in Bucer's b] 92, 629 73—/479; 108; 1155 1269135:
145-46, 169-71, 175-77, 180-81, 188-90, 209, 233, 235-36, 243, 267-69, 271 thought, 79, 115, 205, 241 Roman, 110, 114, 242, 246, 263, 265 taught at Strasbourg academy, 147 lay expectations of clergy, 51 lay piety, 4-5 central role in Bucer's theology, 28, 74, 79,
145-46, 169, 253-54 lectures, Bucer's on Ephesians, 235, 270, 294 n.80 on First Corinthians, 187 Kaaden, Peace of, 132 Kaiserslautern, 40 Kappel, Zwingli's death at battle of, 98 on First Peter, 42, 56 on First and Second Timothy, 56 Karlstadt, Andreas, 72-73, 77, 258 on Habakkuk, 81 on John, 55-56 Kassel131 xi 34 Ale 153201 Katzenelnbogen, county of, 151 Kautz, Jacob, 69, 119 on Matthew, 42 on Philippians, 56 Keller, Ludwig (Cellarius), 202 on Second Peter, 56 Keller, Michael, 112 on Titus, 56
Index
in Erasmus's theology, 25 Lefevre d'Etaples, Jacques, 9, 16, 19, 25 Leipzig, 83 in Sattler's theology, 69 religious colloquy (1539), 168-70 Lenglin, Johannes, 215 Lening, Johannes, 161 in Thomas Aquinas's theology, 29-30 love of one's opponents, in Bucer's theology,
100, 194, 261 Leutpriester, 6, 58 Liége, 32, 183 Lienhard, Jost, 119 Lienhard, Marc, 1x Limburg, Erasmus of, Strasbourg bishop, 196
Lindau, 95, 97, 133 Linz am Rhein, 184, 191, 196 liturgy love of self, 29-30 Ludwig V, Elector Palatine, 21-22, 38, 41-42,
44-45, 87, 98, 176, 275 n.31
Luther, Martin, viii, 14, 33, 41, 44, 52, 71-77, 79-80, 89-91, 93-94, 96-102, 107, 113-14, 133-39, 141-42, 152, 160, 179, 181, 190-91, 199, 206, 253, 257, 261, 265
Bucer's adoption of his concept of "sacraof early church, 170 innovations carried out by Reformation, 59, mental union" (1528), 76, 140 Bucer's translation of his Postils, 75, 83
Bucer visits him at Coburg castle (1530), 96 denounces Bucer as "chatterbox" (1543), 190 encourages Bucer's mediation efforts (1537),
63-64, 77, 85, 144, 148, 190, 233, 237-38 in the Sélestat Latin school, 8 traditional (pre-Reformation), 62, 229 Lobenfeld, convent of, 201 Lochauer Heide, 211
first encounter with Bucer, 26-31, 255-56 eruffly rejects Bucer at Marburg colloquy
Lollards, 232 Lombard, Peter. See Peter Lombard London, 228, 233, 236-37 London refugee congregation, 237 Lord's Supper, 43, 61, 63-64, 70-78, 82-84,
(1529), 93 seen by Bucer as God's instrument, 101, 194, 207-8 signing of Wittenberg Concord (1536), 136-39 Lutherans, 70, 76, 91, 94-95, 97-99, 104, 111,
90-99, 101-3, 108-9, 113, 132-42, 148, 180, 189-91, 194, 196, 208, 233-35, 237, 243, 257-61, 266, 269 113-14, 13440, 234, 237, 251, 260-61 Lyon, 47 (ehrises presence in, 77,935.96, 99, 103;
134-38, 140-41, 235, 237 See also Mass; Wittenberg Concord Lorraine, Duchy of, 1, 47, 66 Louvain, 32 Magdeburg, bishopric of, 210 Mainz archbishopric of, 33, 38, 219 City Ciestia 20025 03 209. oel 2 Electorate of, 98, 152 Malachi, Capito's lectures on, 81 Malvenda, Pedro, 209 Manderscheid, county of, 147 Mantua, Pope convokes council to take place
Bucer versus theologians of, 199 love, 68, 94, 104, 121, 129, 242 brotherly, 54, 84 as watchword of Peasant Uprising, 65 compatible with punishment, 115 conjugal, 111 in, 136, 165 Marbach, Johannes, 212, 215, 224 Marburg, 151, 153-55 as foundation of church, 155 for one's fellow man. See love of neighbor
See also love for humankind; love of God; Bucer's dedicatory epistle to the university love of neighbor; love of opponents; of, 94 colloquy (152.9),.91593 3134 university, 153 Margaretha, Palatine countess, 24 Marpeck, Pilgram, 119-20, marriage, 105, 110-11, 244, 257-58, 263 love of self love of God, humankind's, 29, 43, 57, 235, 247 love for humankind, God's, 28, 30 unconditional, 73 love of neighbor as leitmotiv of Bucer's theology, 29-31, 37,
Bucer's own, 40, 201-2, 247-48 43, 56-57, 69, 74, 79, 99, 103, 110, 121, 148, 198, 205, 238, 241-42, 244, 253 clerical, 58-59, 183, 191, 232-33, 257 and divorce, 105, 110-11, 24445, 257, 263 in Calvin's theology, 148
Index Martyr, Peter. See Vermigli, Peter Martyr Mary, Queen, 249 Mary, Virgin, 4, 15, 24 Mass, 6-8, 24, 43, 61, 68, 232-33 criticized by Bucer, 80, 194 Meuse River, 184 Middle Ages, vii Mieg, Andreas, 121 Minden as bone of contention in confessional collobishopric of, 183 city of, 168 Molsheim, 66, 196 Mompelgard. See Montbéliard Montbéliard, 132 Monte, Giovanni del, 207 Moravia, 205, 254 More, Thomas, 226 Moritz, Duke of Saxony, 210-11 Morone, Giovanni, 176 Moselle Valley, 2 Motherer, Heinrich, 41-42, 44 Mihlberg, battle of, 211 Mulhouse, 1 Minster in Westfalen, 101, 106, 123, 126, 183 quies, 104-5, 169-70, 178, 180, 189, 267, 269 Bucer's efforts to have the Mass abolished,
67, 83-85, 238 definitive abolishment in Strasbourg (1529), 83-85, 116 definitive abolishment in Ulm (1531), 109 as heart of medieval church life, 5, 43, 71, 180 partial abolishment by Strasbourg city council (1525), 64, 66
Reformation struggle to abolish, 54, 62-64, 78a LOS SLOT lds, Lost zoeyeo dor See also Lord's Supper Matthew Bucer's lectures on, 42 Bucer's unpublished commentary on first bishopric of, 191-92 Bucer accused of reviving the Anabaptist eight chapters of, 233 chapter 7:12, 236 chapter 18, 108, 215 chapter 19:9, 111 chapter 26:26, 141 Maximilian I, Emperor, 18, 151-52 medicine, as subject taught at Strasbourg acadspirit of, 222
Mintzer family in Sélestat, 13 Mintzer, Thomas, 70 Murner, Thomas, 52, 61 Musculus, Wolfgang, 114, 123 music, 266 Myconius, Oswald, 100 emy, 147 medieval piety, flourishing of 3-5, 7 Nahe River, 35 national church council. See council, church national renewal hoped for by knights, 36-37 national Swiss church synod, 141 Naumburg-Zeitz, bishopric of, 179 Negelin, Matthias, 228 Neoplatonism, 9, 19 Netherlands, 32, 47, 71, 147, 230 See also confraternities; devotio moderna; Mass; piety Mediterranean Sea, 47, 164 Melanchthon, Philipp, 91, 93-96, 98, 105, 133,
135,160) Lin 2o2e2 05 at Hagenau colloquy, 175 invitation to Bucer, 227 at Leipzig colloquy, 168-69 participation in Cologne reformation Bucer's contacts with, 104 Bucer's influence in, 251 attempt, 189, 269 at Regensburg colloquy, 179-80, 183 support for Bucer's efforts to overcome See also Holland Neuburg an der Donau, 209 Neumarkt, 38 Nice, Treaty of, 164 Nidda, county of, 151 Nigri. See Schwarz, Theobald Nineveh, 224 Nordlingen, Jacob Sturm's humiliation before eucharistic controversy, 101-2, 134-35,
at Worms colloquy, 175-76, 179 Melchiorites, 123 See also Hoffman, Melchior Melsungen, 161 Memmingen, 95, 97, 109, 133 merchants, 3, 40, 47-49, 57, 129-30, 168, 187,
Charles V at, 211 Norfolk, 229 Northumberland, Duke of. See Warwick, John 223, 237 in Bucer's Vergleichung, 76 Dudley, Earl of
Index
Nirburg, 184 Nuremberg, 47, 71, 76, 89, 91, 93 Pellikan, Conrad, 70 penalty, death. See death penalty penance, 169, 212, 223-24, 228, 243 Perne, Andrew, 236 Bucer in, 38-39 Catholic alliance founded in, 165 moratorium. See 'Truce of poor relief ordinance, 53 Truce of, 99, 167, 172 See also Brandenburg-Nuremberg Niirnberger Anstand. See Nuremberg moratorium
Peter, First, 83 Bucer's lectures on, 42, 56 Peter, Second, 83 Bucer's lectures on, 56 Peter Lombard, 17, 24, 29, 33 Petrarca, 9 Petrus Bruxellensis. See Crockaert, Peter
Pfalz. See Palatinate Oberpfalz. See Palatinate, Upper Odenwald Mountains, 151 Odratzheim, Hans von, 221 Oecolampadius, Johannes, 35, 70, 74, 77-78,
Pflug, Julius, 179, 193, 219, Pfriindenwesen. See benefices, ecclesiastical Philip of Hesse, Landgrave, 44, 86, 90-91, 93,
93, 96, 98, 100, 107-9, 136, 140, 202, 258, 261 98, 132, 134, 151-61, 168, 174-75, 177-78, 182-83, 187, 191-94, 198-201, 210-11 Philippians, Bucer's Latin lectures on, 56 philosophy, 23, 27, 240 offices, ecclesiastical, 57, 101, 143, 148-49, 173,
178, 185, 200, 205, 215, 239, 243, 260 Ohm River, 151 ontology, Bucer's, 56-57, 241-42 Oppenheim, 151 Erasmus's philosophia christiana, 25 Bucer's study of, 16-17 Bucer's teaching of, 24 "philosophy of Christ" in Bucer's Romans
Bucer's encounter with Luther at, 38 original sin, 176, 178, 180, 189, 218 Osiander, Andreas, 39, 71, 93, 102 Osnabriick, bishopric of, 183, 193 Osswald, Dr. Georg, 109 Ottoman empire, 88, 99, 132, 163-67, 182, commentary, 145 Phrygio. See Seidensticker, Paul piety, pietas, 16, 25-26, 35-36, 51, 120, 121,
170, 179, 193, 228, 241 194, 197, 218 Oxford, 234-35 in Alsatian humanism, 8-9, 12 among the Anabaptists, 120 Bucer's personal, 61 Paderborn, bishopric of, 151 Palatinate Bucer's understanding of, 121, 146-48, 170,
205, 216, 224 "eloquent piety," 147 medieval piety, flourishing of, 3-5, 7 among the Spiritualists, 264 in Strasbourg, 118 Pighius, Albert, 196 Pirckheimer, Willibald, 39 Electoral, 41, 45, 98, 176, 183, 219-20 Upper, 38 Paludanus, Peter, 25 Paris, 9, 102, 105, 147 archbishop of, 105 Parker, Matthew, 246, 248-49 pastoral care, 149, 173, 204—5, 213, 215, 238 patriotism, civic, uniting Strasbourg, 51
Panb tmeAposte, 113, 138,145,237 Paul III, Pope, 136, 164-65, 198-99, 207 Paumgartner family in Augsburg, 111 Peasants, 23, 37, 64, 87, 119, 237, 241 Pistorius, Johannes, 179 Plato, Bucer's reading of, 26 Pliny in the Sélestat Latin school's curriculum, 10 Poemer, Hector, 39 poetry, 18 in England, 229 Gardeners of Strasbourg, 55, 59-60, 65-67, in Bucer's library, 18 in the Sélestat Latin school's curriculum, 10 taught at Strasbourg academy, 147 Poland, 47, 220, 237, 254 119, 224 Peasants' Uprising. See Peasants' War Peasants' War, 2, 7, 64-67, 83-84, 87, 119 pedagogy. See education Pelagianism Pole, Reginald, 207 Poliziano, Angelo, 10, 19 poor relief, 53, 80, 153, 231, 243 Bucer accuses John Young of, 236
Index Pope, 22, 31-32, 36, 40, 62, 68, 85, 89, 94, 104, imperial diet (1541), 176, 179, 181, 185, 188,
108, 132, 136, 142, 163-64, 165-67, 190, 193, 195, 201 171, 173-75, 178, 181, 184, 196-200, 207-8, 210, 216, 218, 268 Bucer's willingness to recognize the primacy closing decree, 183, 185, 188, 190, 195 imperial diet (1546), 209-10 religious colloquy (1541), 147, 179-83, 185, of, 105-6 Poullain, Valérand, 228 1935221 religious colloquy (1546), 209 "Regensburg Book," 180-81 preaching, 5, 36, 40, 42, 44, 47, 52-53, 58, 63,
63,79, 81, B38 109M IG MSs 201124.
173, 190-91) 196; 222 217222338 238, 241, 243, 262 by Bucer in Augsburg, 112-13 by Bucer in Bonn, 187 by Bucer in Cambridge, 246 by Bucer in Strasbourg, 59, 116, 203, 222,
See also "Worms Book"
Reichskammergericht. See Court, Imperial Chamber Reichsritter. See knights, imperial reign of Christ. See Jesus Christ: lordship of religious colloquies. See Hagenau; Leipzig;
Regensburg; Worms remarriage. See marriage and divorce Reublin, Wilhelm, 68 Dos by Bucer in Wissembourg, 42, 44 Catholic, prohibited, 113 by Geiler von Kaysersberg in pre-ReformaSee also Anabaptists
Reuchlin, Johannes, 31-32, 35 tion Strasbourg, 8 by Hoffman, 121 by laypeople, 65 by Matthew Zell, 60 revelation, God's, 38, 58, 88, 118, 157, 193,
PANSY Rheinberg, 184 Rhenanus, Beatus, 1, 7, 9, 12, 19, 25-29, in the vernacular, 60 prebends. See benefices, ecclesiastical predestination. See elect, the 32-33, 67 rhetoric, classical, 18-19 in Bucer's library, 18 prince-bishops, 178, 183-84, 186-87, 191, 193 princely territories. See territorial states, early at the Sélestat Latin school, 9-10 taught at Strasbourg academy, 147 modern princes, expansion of power of territorial, rhetorical features of Bucer's works, 103, 260
Rhine River and Valley, 1-2, 9, 35, 40, 93, 145, 87-89, 152-53 printing 151-52, 176, 184 Ridley, Nicholas, 233 roads in early modern Germany, 129-30 Rode, Hinne, 72 Romans, 25 importance for Reformation, 32, 52 use by Anabaptists, 67 Psalms, 43, 148 Bucer's commentary on, 82, 94, 260 Bucer's lectures on, while still a monk, 33
Bucer's translation of Bugenhagen's commenBucer's commentary on, 145, 229, 281 n.20
Rome, 7, 31-32, 34, 36, 62, 170-71, 175, 180, 200K 22 tary on, 75 chapten111:5,75 in Strasbourg liturgy, 63 Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, 19 purgatory, 62 ancient, 7, 199 See also court, papal rosary prayer, 4 Rosheim, Josel von, 157 See also Jews in Hesse; Judaism Rotenburg an der Fulda, 160 Rothmann, Bernd, 126 Raon, 228 Ravensburg, 9 Rebstock, Barbara, 119 Reformation movement, 40, 52, 54-65, 67, 74,
See also Anabaptists Rott, Jean, ix Rottenburg am Neckar, 69 78, 83, 88-89, 112, 126, 152, 156, 191 Reformed Church, the, 251 Regensburg, 163, 205 rule of Christ. See Jesus Christ: lordship of Ruprecht von Manderscheid-Blankenheim, 172
Russia, 47
Index 33] "sacramental union," 76, 140 Bucer's promotion of, in Strasbourg, 14448
Calvin's praise of Bucer's, 148 humanistic extolment of, 26, 31 scholasticism, 9, 16, 18, 22, 26, 29, 145, 196,
See also Lord's Supper sacraments Sailer, Gereon, 112-14, 159 saints, 5, 15, 24, 169, 178, 189, 229
Bucer's appeal to the "better scholastics," fellowship of, 149, 238 veneration of, 4, 62, 169, 178, 189, 268
145, 196, 262 See also Thomas Aquinas schooling. See education saints' days. See holidays, medieval religious
Sale, Margarethe von der, 160 Salve Regina, 5 Sam, Konrad, 107-8 Schultheiss, Wolfgang, 122, 140 Schiirer, Matthias, 7, 19, 25 sanctification, 31, 37, 74-77, 99, 101, 103, 138,
Schiitz, Katharina. See Zell, Katharina Schwabach, 91 145, 159, 166, 176-77, 189, 211, 271 See also ethics Sankt Aurelien. See Strasbourg parish churches
Sapidus, Johannes (Hans Witz), 7, 9, 12, 19, 80, articles, 91, 93 Schwabisch Hall, 71, 93, 119 Schwalm region, 151 Schwarz (Nigri), Theobald, 123, 216 Schwebel, Johannes, 35 Schweinfurt Assembly (1532), 98-100 Schwenckfeld von Ossig, Caspar, 77, 110, 119,
122 § Satan. See Devil Sattler, Michael, 68-69 acclaimed by Bucer and Capito as "martyr of Christ," 69
See also Anabaptists Saverne, 66 122-23, 126, 264 See also spiritualists science Aristotle's writings on natural, 16 Nuremberg as a center of, 39 Scotland, 230-33 Scripture. See Bible Sedgwick, 'Thomas, 236 Seidensticker (Phrygio), Paul, 6 Saxonves),<1
15.b79 Albertine. See Saxony: Duchy of Duchy of, 151, 167-68, 170, 210 Electorate of, 33, 90-91, 95-97, 153, 160,
168, 179, 193, 210 Ernestine. See Saxony: Electorate of Schaffhausen, 100 Schaumburg, Adolf von, bishop, 200 Schertlin von Burtenbach, 210 Schleiden, 147 Sélestat, 1-20, 33-34, 41, 68, 129, 171, 254
Abbey of Sainte Foy, 3 Beguines, 4 Dominican monastery, 4, 13-20, 34, 129 Schleiz, 90 Franciscans, 4 Latin school, 6, 7-13 Reidbruderschaft, 4 articles of, 91 Schlettenbach, 4445 Schlettstadt. See Sélestat Schmalkalden, 91, 93, 160, 267 St. George Church, 3 'Town pastor position, 6 Senger, Bernhard, 26 Servetus, Michael, 120 Seymour, Edward, Duke of Somerset, 227-28, diet (1537), 131 Protestant defensive league. See Schmalkaldic
League Schmalkaldic League, 98-99, 105, 107, 113, 231-33 132,159-61, 165,170; 174, 176;:182, 192-93, 199-200, 210-11, 218, 267, 270 Schmalkaldic War, 207-212 Schnepf, Erhard, 27, 134 Schoffen Siber, Petrus, 13 Silesia, 71, 104, 119, 264 Simon, Apostle, 5 sin, original. See original sin sinfulness of humanity, 28, 31, 52, 73-74, 76,
108, 115, 120, 145-46, 169, 171, 175, 190, 201, 208, 211, 243 in Sélestat, 3 scholarship Bucer's appreciation for humanistic, 18-19
Bucer's disparagement of Dominican, 14 singing, congregational, 203, 225, 266 Smith, Thomas, 245
Index Sturm Sixtus IV, Pope, 22 Gymnase fean Sturm, 80 Jacob, 80, 84-85, 91-93, 96-97, 121, 177, social discipline, 53, 80, 108, 110, 116-17,
152—53 211, 219-21, 223-25, 228, 243, 270 Jean, 147, 203 Stuttgart Concord, 134 Soest, 183-84 Somerset, Duke of. See Seymour, Edward Soncinas, Paulus (Barbus), 25 Sorbonne, 102 Spain, 32, 88, 209, 218 Spalatin, George, 33 Speyer, 34-35, 42, 44, 129, 167, 172-73, 200
Styria, 164 Suffolk, duchess of, 235, 246-47 Suleiman the Magnificent, Ottoman sultan,
164, 218 Swabia Bucer excommunicated by bishop of, 44, 55 Bucer's humanist friends in, 33-34 imperial Chamber Court, 167 imperial diet (1526), 88 imperial diet (1529), 85, 89, 94 imperial diet (1544), 197 peasant uprising in, 65 Swabian League, 132 Switzerland, 47, 55, 61, 74-75, 77, 89-91, 93,
95, 98, 100, 106, 133-36, 138-42, 146, 1902104, 199 aol as place of origin of Strasbourg Anabaptists,
Protestation, 107 68, 119 importance of Bern Disputation for, 78 Spiegel, Jacob, 7, 33-34 spiritualists, 69-71, 77, 101, 110, 114, 118-20,
124, 133, 135, 166, 264 Bucer's travels through, 96, 100, 131, 140-42 synagogue, 158 See also Franck, Sebastian; Schwenckfeld von
Ossig, Caspar See also Jews in Hesse; Judaism synod, 108, 141, 152-53, 191 St. Aurelien. See Sankt Aurelien St. Gall, 100 in Strasbourg (1533), 121-27, 140, 155, 263-64 St. Goar, 151-53 St. Thomas. See Strasbourg parish churches
Stapulensis, Faber. See Lefévre d'Etaples, in Strasbourg (1539), 144 in Ziegenhain (1538), 155 Synoptic Gospels, Bucer's commentary on the,
Jacques Staupitz, Johannes von, 27 Steiermark. See Styria 81-82, 94, 141, 145, 229, 281 n.14
Steinlin, Johannes von, 216 Stranger Church. See London refugee 'Talmud, 158 Tautenberg, Georg Schenk von, 172 congregation Strasbourg territorial states, early modern, 88-89, 156, 252 territories, princely. See territorial states, early bishop of, 1, 4, 7, 52-53, 55, 59, 84, 91, 196, modern Tesch, Peter, 155 223-25 parish churches See also Anabaptists 'Teutonic Order of Knights, 41 'Thames River, 228 Thann, 2 Thomas Aquinas, 17-18, 20, 22, 24-25, 28-30,
St. Aurelien, 55, 59-60, 116 St. Lawrence, 52, 56 St. Nicholas, 214 Old St. Peter, 64, 224 Young St. Peter, 64, 213-15, 224 52, 56-58, 103, 105, 145, 196, 256, 289 n.10
Thomism, 18, 20, 22, 25, 256 Thuringia, 90, 154 St. Thomas, 58-60, 64, 81, 146-47, 202-3,
213-14, 257 St. William, 214 ruling class, 50-53, 59, 62, 64, 214, 222, 264 Stromer, Heinrich, 83 'Timothy, First and Second, Bucer's Latin lectures on, 56
Tirol, 207, 210 Strub, Magdalena, 202, 247 Studach (Studath), Johannes, 14 studium generale of Dominicans in tithe, 4, 65 'Titus, Bucer's Latin lectures on, 56 Heidelberg, 18 trade, English with Antwerp, 233 Bucer's studies in, 18, 22—25 trade routes
Index
converging in via moderna, 22 Vienna, 88, 164 Villinger, Jacob, 7 Virgin Mary. See Mary, Virgin Vogelsberg, 151 Vogtherr the Elder, Heinrich, 68 Heidelberg, 21 Hesse, 152 Nuremberg, 39 Strasbourg, 47-48, 83 See also commerce; roads transubstantiation, 72, 180, 232 Treger, Conrad, 61-62, 79 Trent, Council of, 210, 218-19 Bucer combats council, 199-200, 208-9 convocation of, 198-99 inauguration of, 207 Treysa, 155 See also Anabaptists Volz, Paul, 26, 140 Vosges Mountains, 1, 228 vows, monastic professed by Bucer, 15 rejected by Bucer, 34, 62 'Trier, 39 Waldeck, Franz von, 191 Warwick, John Dudley, Earl of, 231-33 weak in faith, Lutherans as, 261 Welser family in Augsburg, 1i1 Werra River, 151 Weser River, 151 Wickersheim family in Sélestat, 13 Wied, Hermann von, archbishop of Cologne,
Archbishopric of, 86, 196 Electorate of, 44, 86, 151, 196 'Trinity College (Cambridge University),
246-47 'Trinity, doctrine of the, 120, 135, 189 Truce of Frankfurt (Frankfurter Anstand). See
Frankfurt, Truce of 'Truce of Nuremberg. See Nuremberg, Truce of Tubingen, University of, 18, 146 'Turks. See Ottoman empire 'Turmair (Aventinus), Johannes, 162 Turner, William, 231 172, 175, 183-91, 196-97, 199-200 Wimpfeling, Jacob, 7-9, 19, 33, 51 Windecker, Margaretha, 12 wine, 21, 23, 50, 152, 191 Bucer's fondness for Alsatian wine, 245 exploitation of winegrowers in Alsace, 3-4,
Ulm, 91, 95, 97, 133, 210, 220 50, 80 in the Lord's Supper. See bread and wine in assembly (1532), 98 Bucer helps establish Reformation in, the Lord's Supper wine tithe in Sélestat, 4 winegrowers' guild, 11 winegrowing in Alsace, 2-3, 5, 11, 40, 48, 50,
106-11, 262 Bucer's divorce treatise for, 110-11, 263 Bucer's marital treatises for,
80, 126, 152 Wissembourg, 39-45, 58, 95, 125, 257 Wittenberg, 32, 40, 63, 67, 70, 89-92, 102, 105, spiritualists in, 110, 264 Ulman, Hans, 2 Ulrich, Duke of Wiirttemberg, 132-33, 160 poe laa Lyall 2 bie 227 Bucer's intentions to study in, 42 unction, extreme, 238 unio sacramentalis, 76, 140 Unitas Fratrum. See Bohemian Brethren university. See academy of higher education;
Bucer's visit to, 131, 137-39 Georg Casel's visit to, 74 Wittenberg Concord, 132-42, 260 Witz, Hans. See Sapidus, Johannes Witzel, Georg, 168-70, 199 Wolff, Hans, 68 Trinity College Untermuhlbach, 13 Utrecht, 183 See also Anabaptists women, status of, according to Bucer, 110-11,
Vehe, Michael, 24, 26, 31 Veltwyck, Gerhard, 177 Venice, 47 Venlo, 192 Vermigli, Peter Martyr, 203, 228, 234-35,
215, 244, 257-58, 263 See also marriage work habits, Bucer's, 203, 247-48 Worms, 35, 85, 167 239,270 vestments controversy, 233, 237-38 Anabaptists in, 69 Bucer as court chaplain in, 28 via antiqua, 22
Index disciplinary ordinance, 155 Synod, 155 Worms (continued) imperial diet (1521), 32, 37-38, 89 imperial diet (1545), 198-99 religious colloquy (1540-41), 147, 175-79,
Ziegler, Clemens, 67, 119, 122 See also Anabaptists Zurich, 63; 675-70, 773.7 9;91, 9, }O00mtO
"Worms Book," 178, 180, 267-68 106, 116, 133-34, 140-41, 234, 267 Bucer's visits to, 97, 100 Capito's visits to, 96, 135 conference (1538), 142 See also "Regensburg Book" worship services, 80, 110, 191, 211, 224, 233,
237-38 as place of origin of Strasbourg Anabaptists, of Jews in Hesse, 157 pre-Reformation, 8, 43, 80, 83-84, 105, 108
Zutphen, 182, 184, 192 Zwick See also Mass in Reformation Strasbourg, 59, 63-64, 85,
116, 144, 203 during Wittenberg colloquy, 139 Johannes, 139-40 Konrad, 140 Zwingli, Huldrych, viii, 55, 70, 75, 107, 112,
See also ceremonies, church Wiirttemberg, 2, 107, 132-34, 146, 160, 228, 136, 234
Wyclif, John, 232 Bucer's attitude toward, 74, 77-79, 95-96, 136, 140, 253, 258-59 Bullinger as custodian of his legacy, 100, 134,
23) 267 death in battlefield, 98 inspires Strasbourg Reformation, 63 position on Lord's Supper, 71-74, 90-91,
Xanten, 183 Young, John, 235-36, 246 Zell 93-94, 96-97, 133-34, 136 rejects Bucer's rapprochement with Katharina, 58, 225, 258 Matthew, 44, 52-56, 58, 60, 66, 212, 216, 225
Zephaniah, Bucer's commentary on, 82 Ziegenhain, 151 Luther, 97 Zwinglians, 114, 234, 237, 267 equated with Anabaptists by Amsdorf, 135
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CONMNIENA
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Strasbourg 1 Cathedral + Old St..Peter 7 Franciscan monastery 2 Sankt Aurelien 5 St. Thomas 8 Williamite monastery 3 Young St. Peter 6 Dominican monastery 9 Penitents of St. Magdalen
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Areas relinquished before 1567 have not been taken into account.
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S57 SNarbury = 'zu oye =, A. Nurbure 6 _brsteld Electorate of Cologne The Territorial Development of the Electorate of Cologne
Altester Besitz: oldest dominions Erwerbungen bis 1246: Acquired by 1246 (Hochstaden Inheritance)
Erwerbungen bis 1297: Acquired by 1297 (under Archbishop Siegfried von Westerburg)
Erwerbungen bis 1349: Acquired by 1349 (under Archbishop Waltram von Jiilich) Erwerbungen bis 1450: Acquired by 1450 Spatere Erwerbungen: Later Acquisitions BONN: Capitals of Territories Linn: Capitals of Districts (Amter) Esch: Capitals of Jurisdictions (Gerichte)
Grenze von Amtern: District (Amt) Boundary Grenze von Unteramtern: Subdistrict (Unteramt) Boundary
Grenze von Gerichten: Jurisdiction (Gericht) Boundary Besides the Rhenish Province, the Duchy of Westphalia and the city of Recklinghausen with its surrounding region also belonged to the electorate of Cologne.
Stidte: cities Dorfer: villages Mafstab: Scale
4g THE CASTLE
| v P aiisaints on So ott by the Castle Close Es KiNes LA.
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MMMM 1012 01318 3837
CHURCH HISTORY / BIOGRAPHY
"An informative and evocative portrait. Combining careful attention to detail with a lively manner of presentation, Greschat places Bucer's life and thought firmly in the social and intellectual milieu of the sixteenth century and eloquently explains their significance."
—Amy Nelson Burnett, Associate Professor of History, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, author of The Yoke of Christ: Martin Bucer and Christian Discipline
"Fascinating, learned, and eminently readable. Often (though wrongly) relegated to the category of 'minor' reformers, Martin Bucer probably influenced Englishspeaking Protestantism as much as Thomas Cranmer and Richard Hooker, both as a theologian and a churchman. Martin Greschat, a distinguished German church historian, tells Bucer's story as an illustration of how theology, church life, and culture always merge."
| —Hans J. Hillerbrand, Professor of Religion, Duke University, editor in chief of The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Reformation
Martin Greschat's seminal work is the first biography of the important Protestant reformer to be written in seventy years. Now translated into English, this work— the most comprehensive account of Bucer's place within the context of the history of the Reformation—transcends normal biographies by providing much of interest in relation to the social and political contexts of the sixteenth century. Lucid in style and mature in scholarship, Greschat's Martin Bucer is a splendid contribution to j Reformation studies.
Martin Bucer (1491-1551) was a significant Strasbourg Reformer who influenced Calvin and the Reformed tradition while seeking ecumenical relations with emerging Lutheranism. ig University Professor of Church History and Contemporary
Church Affairs at Justus-Liebig-Universitat Giessen, Germany. He is the author of numerous books in church history and a leading authority on Bucer and the Protestant Reformation. ig Researcher at the Bucer-Forschungsstelle of the Heidelberg
Academy of Sciences and Letters.
Martin Bucer (1491-1551) at the age of 53 (engraving), Boyvin, Rene (1525-98) / Bibliotheque de I'Histoire du Protestantisme,
Paris, France, Lauros / Giraudon / Bridgeman Art Library / www.bridgeman.co.uk
LOUISVILLE J
LONDON www.wjkacademic.com