is nowhere proving the doctrines he lays down or arguing in a
'140
Notes 6 Rom. 1.3 and 4. One of the many attacks, in this letter and elsewhere, on Docetism. See the Introduction, note 7.
7 Matt. 3.15. See.note 25.
®" Really," "truly," not merely "in appearance." See notes 6 and 12. This entire ch. 1 reads like a Creed. Note, too, that Ignatius is nowhere proving the doctrines he lays down or arguing in a theological fashion: his proof is the clear statement of facts that were handed down from the Apostles and are based upon the Scriptures.
The pronoun " whose " in the next sentence refers either to " Christ " or to " the Cross."
Psas55 320s tL 12" etc, 10 All men, Jews and Gentiles, are united "in a single body, that is,
His Church." See the note (29) on "the Catholic Church." Ignatius's language recalls that of St. Paul's letter to the Ephesians, which contains the classic texts for the "oneness," the tv odpa, of the Church; for example, 1. 23; 2.16. The expression " of His Church " recalls Christ's reference to "my Church" in Matt. 16.18, and to "my sheep" in John 21.16 ff. Compare also John 10. 16, "one flock, one shepherd."
Cf. C. C. Richardson, "'The Church in Ignatius of Antioch," Jour. of Rel. 17 (1937) 428-43.
1 Christ "raised Himself from the dead" or "was raised by the Father." For the former expression, compare John to. 18.
2 To judge from Ignatius's persistent condemnation of Docetism, the danger threatening the early Church in Asia from that heresy must have been grave and ever-present. See K. Bihlmeyer, Kirchengeschichte I C1oth ed., Paderborn 1936) sections 11. 1; 28.2; 29. 2.
** Since these heretics denied the Resurrection of Christ, they could not expect to share in the glorious resurrection of their own bodies.
14 Luke 24. 30-43. ae Acts 10. Ad:
*6 " Spiritually ": that is, in His divine nature and in His " spiritualized " or glorified body and soul. See note 5.
** Here, as frequently in these letters, Ignatius recommends the prayer of intercession.
He seems to suppose that the entire community, headed by the bishop and the presbyters, joins in this prayer.
Cf. Matt. 18. 19 and 20. We know from the Acts how fervently the Christians would give themselves to prayer to obtain some favor or to avert some calamity from an individual or the community. See Acts
4.24 ff.; 12.15.
Also note the reference to prayer as a means of
Icnatius: To THE SMYRNAEANS
obtaining the grace of conversion: iva peravojowsw.
See Clement, ch. 7 f. and note 35.
18 Rom. 8. 17.
** Not "the perfect man," since the article tov belongs to the participle. Another thrust at Docetism. See notes 8 and 12. Compare the Athanasian Creed:
" Perfectus Deus, perfectus homo: ex anima rationali et humana carne subsistens."
20 A reminiscence of Phil. 4. 13.
*1 For the sense of the phrase of xar' dv8pa, see Ephes. notes 15 and_ 48.
*2 A capkodédpos, as opposed to a vexpoddpos, is, evidently, a person of real and living flesh and blood. See note 3.
8 For the significance of this repeated warning, see Ephes. note 40 and Magn. note 26. Cf. 1 Cor. 6.9.
24 Gols. te £6; 5 Matt. 19.12. The Fathers felt quite free in quoting Scripture texts out of their natural context and making use of what is called
"the accommodated sense." The practice of the Roman Liturgy is the same. See Magn. note 17.
6 The word 7zézos is well explained by Lightfoot in his note on Pol.
It means: high rank, office, dignity, place of honor or authority. This sense may have a bearing on its use in the Rom. inscr. See Pol. note 4.
27 The statement that "the Eucharist is the flesh of Jesus Christ " recalls Luke 22.19.
According to Tertullian CAdv. Marc. 4. 40
[CSEL 47.560 Kroymann]), the Docetist Marcion denied _ this truth. Cf. A. Scheiwiler, Die Elemente der Eucharistie in den ersten drei Jahrhunderten (Mainz 1903) 17-26.
\ '
28 John 4. Io. j 29 This is the earliest occurrence in Christian literature of the expression "the Catholic Church."
"Catholic" means, of course, "universal," as opposed to " individual," "particular." The context in which it appears elucidates its meaning.
Ignatius is convinced that in the Church the presbytery follows the Apostles, just as the Apostles followed Jesus Christ, and as Jesus Christ followed the Father. "I count you happy," he says (Ephes. 5.1), "who are so closely knit to him as the Church is to Jesus Christ, and as Jesus
Christ is to the Father." Drop a link in this chain—people, presbytery, bishop, Apostles, Jesus Christ, the Father—and, Ignatius argues, there is no Catholic Church.
See Philad. 3.2. This "following " or "union," according to Ignatius, has to do both with doctrine and
Nores government. He believed, therefore, in the monarchical constitution of the Church, in her Apostolic succession, in her orthodoxy. To him the term "Catholic Church" conveyed the same meaning as at the present day. Some fifty years or so later, the author of the Martyrdom of Polycarp uses the same expression: see the inscr.; also 8.1 and 16.2.
The first of these: passages speaks of "all the zapocxéas (stranger-groups; parishes; dioceses) of the holy and Catholic Church in every place." In 16.2, Polycarp is called outright "the bishop of the Catholic Church in Smyrna." 'The value of this latter testimony has been called in question for the reason that the Moscow MS. (see
Lightfoot's note) substitutes "holy" for "Catholic."
Later, in the third century, the word Catholica could be used alone for Ecclesia
Catholica; cf. O. Rottmanner, "Catholica,' Rev. Bénédictine
C1900) 1-9.
°° The name agape (generally rendered love feast) was given to meals prepared from offerings by the faithful and taken to the accompaniment of prayer and song. Their purpose was to express the unity and fraternal love of the members of the Church. Cf. K.
Volker, Mysterium und Agape. Die gemeinsamen Mahlzeiten in der alten Kirche (Gotha 1927).
1 Heb. 6. 19.
22> Limct.-16, ** The word owpareiov was sometimes used in the sense of " body corporate." After the persecution the Church at Antioch had, as it were, recovered its " own bodily condition," the condition belonging to a church "when in normal health." The immediate reference, however, seems to be to its normal growth and full complement.
$4 Literally, "the affection of the brethren." This makes sense; but see Rom. note 6.
55 It seems that young women or virgins were at that time allowed to join the class of "widows" and devote themselves to works of charity. Cf. T. Schermann, Die allgemeine Kirchenordnuung des zweiten Jahrhunderts (Paderborn 1914) 1. 202 ff.: " Die christliche
Jungfrau und Witwe."
Icnatius: To PoLycarp
TO POLYCARP
This is the last, as it is the shortest, of the Ignatian epistles, written like the preceding at Troas and sent to Smyrna. But this is a personal letter; its addressee is bishop Polycarp, although a portion of it is concerned with " you," the community. Here, then, bishop speaks to bishop, an old man to one his junior by many decades. Whether the two men had ever met before Ignatius's visit to Smyrna we cannot tell. At all events, the tone we know so well from the rest of his correspondence is the same: direct, straightforward, and even blunt, as when he urges Polycarp: " Beg for an increase in understanding! "
Friend or no friend, Polycarp must be warned of the dangers of the times and told what his duties are. After all, both serve the same Master: God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. But all this freedom of speech is mellowed by an undertone of cordiality which, toward the end, bursts into the unusually solemn address:
"My dear God-blessed Polycarp!"
Perhaps this last portion will linger longest in the mind of the reader. Ignatius, taking for granted, as well he might, that all the Churches in Asia form a sort of supradiocesan community, a supra-racial unit in Christ, tells Polycarp that it is fitting to convene a council invested with all the splendor of God, for the purpose of electing a man to be God's courier and hasten to Antioch and deliver the greetings of the sister Church of Smyrna on the occasion of tranquillity restored to that community.
What a spectacle of Christian solidarity!
Here, as elsewhere in his letters, Ignatius is not prodigal of words.
He is a foe to verbiage. It would be difficult anywhere to pick out even a small number of words that can be spared. It follows, then, that recourse to the Greek original is a goal worthy of any reader's earnest endeavors.
Written without literary aim or ambition, the Ignatian letters are the records of a human heart molded by the love of Christ.
1' The noun éricxoros Cincluding one instance of the abstract noun émoxory and two examples of the verb émoxozeiv) occurs no less than
55 times in the seven Ignatian letters.
'Their total number in the New Testament is only 12. To take them out of these epistles would be to take the heart out of them; for around them cluster his most earnest exhortations to the Asiatic Churches.
It is also significant for Ignatius's concept of Church government that the same word is
Nores used for God and man, man being the visible head of the Church on earth, God the invisible Head in heaven.
2 The opening word "I am well pleased " strikes a cheerful note at the outset.
It means "to welcome, approve, think favorably of, admire."
It occurs also in Ephes. 1 and in Trall.
1. "Your Godmindedness ": more literally, "" Your mind (fixed upon, absorbed in, united with) God." Ignatius's subtle power to do wonders with the preposition év has often been referred to in these notes. Compared with his terse and telling expressions, English is poorly equipped for dealing with the doctrine of the Mystical Body of Christ.
$ Literally, "to add to your race," that is, "to increase its speed and vigor." Polycarp lived up to this counsel of his friend by ending his career with martyrdom. Metaphors from the racecourse, describing the life of a Christian, are common in the Fathers since St. Paul's use of them (2 Tim. 4.7; 1 Cor. 9. 24-26). See below, 6.1 and Ephes. note 12; also Clement, note 25.
* Note zdzos in the sense of "dignity, office," and compare Rom. note 2.
For the much-used antithesis of "flesh and spirit," see Smyrn. note 5.
' See Gal. 6. 2 and Eph. 4. 2.
°'The rendering "to each one singly" does not seem to do full justice to the Greek. See Ephes. notes 15 and 48. Ignatius exhorts
Polycarp to imitate God's accustomed way (that is, His gentleness, forbearance) in speaking to the people, the laity.
Ecclesiastical superiors should not only exact obedience from their subjects, but also treat them with due charity. See note 9.
@ WMatt.S: 17;clsa. 53. A:
SIt seems best to retain the word "athlete" for "combatant,"
"fighter," "wrestler," as applied to a Christian.
See note 3; also Clement, note 25. Compare the present letter, 2.3 and 3.1. A kindred thought is expressed by Job (7.1) in the familiar saying:
" Militia est vita hominis super terram."
* Luke 6. 32. In the following, again stress is laid on the need of mpaérns in dealing with inferiors: gentleness, forbearance, longsuffering. The noun recalls the beatitude: "Blessed are the gentle
Capacis), for they will inherit the land" CMatt. 5.5). There is a touch of humor in Ignatius's prescribing "wet applications" for "hot fevers."
10 Matt. 10. 16.
*1 The text here is assumed to be corrupt. The translation adopted seems, however, to give Ignatius's thought. " Be on the alert" is the
Icnatius: To Potycarp
aus sounded by the aged bishop—" read the signs of the times."
CC 3.2:
Tim. 1.3 and 6.3, where, too, bishop speaks to bishop.
Through ail the Apostolic Fathers runs the warning cry: 1) wAavaobe.
It is a guarantee of the purity of their doctrine.
*® Widows, orphans, and slaves (see § 3) have always been objects of special care on the part of ecclesiastics. The care for "the poor " is a sign of a Christlike attitude. Note, too, the homely as well as practical counsel of pastoral theology: "Seek out all (members of your parish or diocese) by name."
Since the comparative in the Koine may do duty both for an emphatic positive and for a mild superlative, a rendering like "frequently" or "rather frequently " may be substituted for "as frequently as possible" in the next paragraph. See the comparative in John 13. 27. y °* The meaning of xaxorexvia is not obvious. The translation given assumes that Ignatius refers to slaves scheming to be set free. Perhaps, however, there is a reference to the schismatical designs of false f hers, as most editors think.
15 Tonatius is ringing the changes on his favorite antithesis between | "flesh and spirit." See note 4.
+¢Eph. 5. 25-29.
17''The Greek defies exact reproduction: "If anyone can remain continent, let him remain also in unboastfulness." Persons pledged to continence should steadily or stubbornly refuse to yield to the temptation of boasting about it.
18 The translation given makes sense; but the meaning intended may, perhaps, be: "If he thinks of himself more highly than of the bishop " who, it is supposed, is a married man. Again, the subject of yvoob; may be the person's vow of chastity: "if it is better known, more talked about, than the bishop." For év éyveta, compare Matt.
10.12. ae Matus 1.7; 2 Cor. 4.1. ae Tam: 2.4; Epha6.11-17; 1 Thess. 5.8:
21 It is interesting to note Ignatius's use of the Latin terms deposita and accepta. On this Zahn (see Rom. note 8) makes the apposite observation that without doubt Ignatius had heard the words often enough as used by the ten Roman soldiers who guarded him on his long journey. A soldier received only a part of his pay at stated times; the rest was deposited for him (deposita) in a savings-bank attached to the cohort and paid out in cash or land Caccepta) when he received his discharge.
Nores The word @Anua generally refers to God's will (see Rom. 1.1; Clement 20.4); here, however, it may mean no more than an " order " from the emperor or some other official.
*S The current translations of éupoo6ev are too artificial to be correct: "in front of," "on the hither side," that is, in the context,
"this side and nearer to Syria than to Churches beyond Antioch "!
The adverb, when not further qualified, is used in the sense of " preferred "; hence " principal, chief."
*4 Some render " the wife."
INDEX
ie sik a.
INDEX Aaron, 12, 36 Abel, 11 Abiron, 12 Abraham, 14 f., 20, 28, 88, 107, " Apostolic fashion," 131
Apostolic Fathers, 3, 7, 103, 115, 124, 139, 145 Apostolic succession, 112, 137,
Apostolic tradition, 7 Arabia, 25 Ark, 14 arena, Christian life as, 13 Artemis, 109 Asia Minor, 53, 56, 57
accepta, 145 accommodated sense, 141 Adam, 13, 40, 127 adeAporns, 105 adultery, 27, 31 adversary, devil, 40 agape, 93, 113, 134, 142 Agathopus, Rheus, 89, 93 dytopopos, 139 Agios O Theos, 110 ayvos, 134 Agrippa I, 138 Alce, 95 alms, 113 altar, one, 7, 71, 86, 137; cf. also Athanasian Creed, 78 athletes, 12, 105, 144; the master a., 96; Polycarp is God's a., 97 Atlantic Ocean, 109 Attalus, 99 Aurelius, Marcus, 108 authority, in Church, 5, 6, 7, 47, 125; origin of, 112; in Apostolic Fathers, 115; of Scripture, r12 amphitheatre, 54, 123, 133 amulets, 123 Ananias, 37 angels, 27, 30, 31, 76, 92 animal world, 22 antidote against death, the Eu113; of the state is from God,
Azarias, 37 babes, 'Trallian Christians so termed, 76 Babylon, 106 backbiting, 27, 31; see slander baptism, 93, 98, 128; of Christ, charist is, 68 éyrixov, ransom, 125 Antioch, 53, 54, 56, 89, 98, 127, 67, 90 Bardenhewer, O., 103, 118 Bardy, G., 109 Bareille, G., 118 Barnabas, St., 54, 103 Barnikol, E., 106 Bassus, presbyter, 69 133, 139, 143, 146 Apollonius, presbyter, 69 Apollos, 38 Apostles, 3, 12, 34, 36, 38, 54, 57; 70,277, 70s 02, 60;.60, 93, 124, 132, 137, 139, 141
INDEX 82, 134; of God, 62, 83; see Eucharist breath, of God in us, 23 brethren, followers of Christ so Batiffol, P., 123 Bauer, K., 127 Baumstark, A., 116 bearer of sacred vessels, 139 bearers of holiness, 64 beatific vision, 136 believer, true, 120 believers, a name for Christ's followers, 127 Biehl, L., 117 Bihlmeyer, K., 8, 59, 134, 140 birth pangs, felt by Ignatius as called, 127 brotherhood, Christian, 10, 135 brothers, in Christ, 105 Brundisium, 56 burnt offerings, 21 Burrus, deacon, 60, 61, 89, 94 Cain, 15) 165 calamities (persecutions), 104 "called," 104
Campenhausen, H. v., 106 Canon, of New Testament, 4 Canonical writings, 104 carnal life, 63 Carthage, 106 Catholica, 142 Catholic Church, 93, 125, 139, he is about to be martyred, 83 bishop(s), 35, 36, 55, 60, 61, 68, 6of., 7°, 73) 77) 78, 85, 87-89, 93; 98, 112,126, 129, 132, 138, 140, 141; embodies authority of God the Father, 70; type of the Father, 76; presides in the place of God, 71; represents Christ, 75; God the Father and Christ as b., 96; dispenser of God's grace, 127; one, 86; attachment to, 62; a married man, 145 140, 142; earliest occurrence of the term, 141 "Catholic system," 57
Celsus, 138 Cephas, 38 chains, borne by Ignatius as his Bito, Valerius, 49 Blakeney, E. H., 109 blasphemy, 39 Blood, of God, 60, 119; of Christ, glory, 64, 68, 69, 73, 75, 76, 78, 82, 86, 88, 91, 94, 97 champion, 105 change, of heart, 106; of mind, 13, 23, 40, 77,03) .05 9160), 00, 92, 95, 137; of the Lord, 16 Bluett, J., 111 boastfulness, 17, 18, 44, 64, 76, Xd propa, 139 charismatic gifts, 39, 114 charity, 10, 23, 38, 42, 60, 78, 92,
body, unity of human, 32; b. and 96, 99, 119, 135, 142 chastity, 23, 64, 111, 145; see continence, purity children, Christian education of soul, 64 and passim brachylogy, Ignatius's fondness for, 58 $) bread, Ignatius as Christ's pure,
INDEX
children of God, 111 Chosen People, Jews, 27; ChrisChurch, catholic and universal,
111, 139; body of, 90; and Jesus Christ, 141; body of Christ, 114; Mystical Body, 111; sanctification in, 138; of Rome and Corinth, 3; of Rome presides, 80, 134; in the letters of Ignatius, 140 Cicero, De natura deorum (2. 47tians as, ibid., 64
Christ, mind of the Father, 61; the Word, 72; Sceptre of Divine Majesty, 18; God's Ambassador, 34, 72; Son of Man, Son of God, 68; historic reality, human nature of: conceived by, and born of, the Virgin Mary, was baptized, really suffered and died under the Roman procurator Pontius Pilate, and rose again from the dead, 57, 63, 67, 73, 75, 77.
90-92; beauty of, 39; His appearances after His Resurrec57), 108; Somnium Scipionis
C15), 108
Cilicia, 89 Clement, mentioned in Phil. 4.
Clement of Alexandria, 3, 4 Clement of Rome, author of Epistle to the Corinthians, 3; ordained by St. Peter, 115; his third (second) successor, 3; 103, 135, 139 clergy, 121 coinage, of God, of the world, 70 Colosseum, 54 commandments, 40, 111 common good, 39, 114 compassion, 138 concord, 27, 40, 47, 48, 49, 78, tion, 91; High Priest and Ruler, 31, 47, 49, 88; Ruler of souls, 47; as bishop, 84, 96, 120; door of the Father, 88; mediator, 104; indwells in us as His temples, 66; our life, 61, 91; our common hope (1 Tim.
1.1), 68, 73, 75, 89; training in, 38; Teacher, 66, 72; Physician, 63; "the official record,"
88; worm, 19 Christ-bearers, 64, 122 Christian, concept of, 104; first 89, 121, 123 confession, of praise to God, 41,
confidence, 30 confiteri, 109 conscience, good, 70, 87 constitution, see hierarchical, monarchical continence, 30, 32, 98, 145 controversialist, 66 conversion, 13f.; 64, 106 appearance of the word, 127; title of honor, 125, 127; a true Cs70, 72, 81, 125; his life in God, 126, 129 Christianity, and Judaism, 72; and Stoicism, 108; of Clement, 104; hated by the world, 81 Christology, of Ignatius, 137 XpuoTovojsos, 134 Chrysostom, St. John, 118 converts, 35, 54, 57
INDEX |e) depositum fidei, 57, 129 devil, deception of in economy of convict, Igantius terms himself such, 82 Corinth, 4, 106, 135; Church of, Redemption, 67, 124; and martyrdom, 82, 136; 77, 92
Didache, 103 Dieckmann, H., 127 Diognetus, 103 diocese, 142, 145 3, 5, 9, 38, 108; disorders at,
Corinthians, 108, 114, 139 correction, acceptance of, 43f. cosmos, eulogy of, 108 Cotelier, J. B., 103 country, love of one's, 43 courtesy, 64 craftsmen, 108 Creed, 140; Athanasian, 141 Crocus, 61, 84 Cross, of Savior, 63, 78, 88, 90, SvotKnors, 108 Dionysius of Corinth, 4, 5 Dircae, 12, 106 Dirksen, A. H., 106 disciple, discipleship, 54, 56, 60, 61} '72,°77; 81/82; 1190faiaors 132, 135 disciples, name for Christ's fol140; stumbling block to unbelievers, 66 Crucifixion, of Christ, 66, 77, 90 cup, one in the Eucharist, 86 Cyprian, St., 136 lowers, 127 disposition, right, 60 dissension, 67; see schism, division, quarreling dissenter, 86 division, 88, 93 Docetism, 57, 119, 122, 124, 129, Dallaeus, J., 55 Damas, bishop of Magnesia, 69 damnation, 92 Danaids, 12, 106 Danaus, 106 Daniel, 37 Daphnus, 95 Dathan, 12 David, 20, 83, 90 deacons, represent Christ, 71; His ministers, 71; dispensers of the mysteries; referred to affectionately by Ignatius, 127; 35,
60, 73, 77, 85, 86, 87, 89, 93,
O5, 05,112, 120; 126; 132
deceit, 18 Delehaye, H., 106 Sypvovpyos, 108 deposita, 145 130, 132, 133, 137, 139, 140,
doctrine, bad, 66, 86, 72, 124; strange, 97; purity of, 145 dogs, heretics so called, 63 Déolger, F. J., 117, 122) 1s6n ieee
Domitian, 104, 135 Donovan, J., 108, 117 © dépa, gifts of the faithful, 7, 112,
double-mindedness, 15, 24 SovAos, 107 doxology, 33, 36, 37, 40, 45, 47, 49, 104, 109 drunkenness, 27 Svvajus, as miracle, 123f.
INDEX
"ears of the Lord," 24
Bast) 12; 15 Ecclesia Catholica, 142; see Church education, Christian, 23, 113 Egypt, 20, 41 Ehrhard, A., 134 elders, 9, 11 elect, established number of, 45, epistle, 4; a pastoral letter and homily, 5 Epitropus, 99 equanimity, 76 Esau, 11 Esther, 43 Eucharist, 65, 68, 86, 92, 93, 123,
ebepyێTns, 108 eulogy of love, 139 Euplus, 61 Eusebius, 3, 4, 53 Eutecnus, 95 evildoers, 24 examples, imitation of, 37 116; of God, 37 Elias, 20 Eliseus, 20 Empedocles, 108 emperor, Roman, 32 employer, 29 Engberding, H., 110 endurance, patient, 12, 61, 84, 95; see patience England, 55 Enoch, 14 eEopodoyeiv, 109 "eyes of the Lord," 24
Ezechiel, 20 factiousness, 38, 88 faith, 16, 26, 2930, 305.45sn40% ev Ovovactnpioy, 7 envy and jealousy, 5; see jealousy Epaphras, 120 Ephebus, Claudius, 49 Ephesians, 89, 94, 114; their kindness, 84; at Smyrna, 73 Ephesus, "highway of God's martyrs,"
65; a renowned church, 63; 55, 60 épodvov, 105 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, Ose: 72) 07552 77, COs OOy LIS; 111, 115; and love, 73, 80, 89, 90,4110, 0123130; eye, GL,.70.
127; .racecourse of, 13; false doctrine, constant warning against, a guarantee against its entry in early Church, 124 fasting, 43 Father, God the, 13, 24, 27, etc.; érveikns, 104 Epiphanius, St., 3, 4 episcopate, 36, 113 bishop of all men, 70 Fathers, Apostolic, see Apostolic Fathers fear, holy, 49; of God, 23, 24 fellow servants, deacons, 120 émuokom7, 112 €muoKoTrely, 143 erloxomos, 112, 143 Epistle to Diognetus, 103 Epistle to the Corinthians, disfire, of hell, 66 firmament, 22 FitzPatrick, M. C., 109 flesh, gratification of, 66; of tinguished from "Second"
INDEX good works, 29 Gospel, 34, 86, 87, 88, 89, 92, 93, Christ, 69, 77, 83, 91, 95; of Christ in the Eucharist, 86 flesh and spirit, 73, 80, 126, 144, 138; "the Flesh of Jesus," 138; the Fourth, known to Ignatius, 145; of Christ, 69, 91 flock, of Christ, 36, 42, 44, 1153 128; gospel preaching, 38 gossip, 30; see backbiting government, of the Church, 143; one, 140 Fortescue, A., 110 Fortunatus, 49 fratricide, 11 freedman, of Christ, 82 Friend, Abraham so called, 14, see hierarchical, monarchical grace, of God, 42, 64, 67, 69, 71, 88, 89, 93, 94, 95, 96, 114, 131, 139; sanctifying, 111 guilelessness, 18
Fronto, 61 Hades, 12, 41 "hand of God," 26 handiwork, God's, 26 harmony, 15, 61, 70; of bishop Funk, F, XS 8, 55> 59 games, Greek, metaphors from, Tosi Gasquet, J. R., 125, 134 "gate of Christ," observance of and presbytery, 61; of universe, 22, 108; see unity Harnack, A., 55 haughtiness, 16, 17; see pride the law, 39, 114 Head, visible and invisible of Church, 144 heathens, 22, 46; see Gentiles Hegesippus, 4 Heliopolis, 25 Hellenistic philosophy, 103 Hennecke, E., 8, 59 Flenry,- 45,110 heresy, 4, 56,62, 63, 104,09eo yéypamrat, 113 Genouillac, H. de, 118, 126f.,
Gentiles, 90, 140 gentleness, 17, 28, 64, 98 gifts, of the faithful, 7 Giordani, I., 111 youn, 121, 137 yvoots, 104 Gnosticism, 104 God, a personal being, 108; is 132, 139, 140; compared with attacks by wild beasts and rabid dogs, 63, with deadly drugs, 77; constant warnings against, a mark of the true Church, 128 Hermas, 103 Herodiani, 127 Herodotus, 109 Herod, tetrarch, go Hesiod, 109 one, 71; all-seeing, 64; the Master, 106; King, 47; and bishop to be revered, 93; as bishop, 96; Shepherd, 84; God the Father and Jesus Christ, 53, 69, 126 God-bearer, 53, 64 God-mindedness, 96 good, the, 24
INDEX
high priest, 34, 112; Christ, 31, incorruption, breathed Church by Christ, 66 "increase and multiply," 29 infidelity, 63 inhospitality, 30; see hospitality innovations, doctrinal, 57 inspiration, of Scripture, 37 intellectuals, 67 intercession, prayer of, 64, 73, upon III hierarchical, constitution of the Church, 55, 112, 137; see monarchical hoist, the Cross of Christ, 63 holiness, 10, 23, 27, 30, 39, 49 Holofernes, 43 Holy, Holy, Holy, 30 Holy of Holies, Christ, 27 Poly Spirits 10,13; 17,21, 23, 86, 88, 94, 140 Irenaeus, St., 4, 53 Isaac, 15,:28,°88, 110 Isaias, 112 Israel; 12, 27, 35; 30,43 35, 37, 38, 48, 63, 72, 73, 85, 87, 88 home, ruination of condemned, 66; in heaven, 103 hope, 40, 60; Christ, our comJacob,-11, 27,28, 33, 110
Jacobson, W., 125 jealousy, 5, 11-13, 14, 17, 37, 48, mon, 68, 73, 75, 89 hospitality, 9, 15f., 84 household, Christian wives in, 10 humility, 10, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21,
Jerome, St., 3, 4, 53 Jerusalem, 34, 54, 106 Jesse, 20 Jesus, son of Nave, 16 Jesus Christ, see Christ Jewish history, 5 Jews, 90, 114, 124, 140 Job, 20, 26, 108 John, St., the Apostle, 54, 105 Jonas, 13 Joseph of Egypt, 11 Juda,
Judaism, 9575.74, 87, 1253, and Christianity, 72 Judaizing Christians, 124 judgment to come, 26 Judith, 43 Jungmann, A., 104 justice, 15
2292728, 43, 45, AS, 108.
Hummel, E. H., 136 husbands, Christian, 10, 97f.
Hypostatic Union, 56 Ignatius of Antioch, God and Jesus Christ his absorbing interests, 53; genuinity of his epistles, 54f.; style of as letter WVEIter, 4,10, 57, 125,
passim Illyria, 56 imitatio Christi, 131 imitation, of God, 60, 75, 96, 119, 131; of Christ, 11; of Christ's suffering, 83; of examples, 37 immortalitatis alimonia, 125 immortality, 30, 97, 111; Eucharist is medicine of, 68 impurity, 63 Incarnation, 63, 129; see Christ justification, 88, 107; by action, not words, 27
INDEX Lord's Day, 72 Lot, 15 love, 39f., 48, 60, 61, 67, 69, 71, Kabapos, 130 KakoTexvia, 145 Kingdom, of God, 35, 42; of Christ, 40; see Christ, God Knopf, R., 8, 105, 106, 108, 110 knowledge, divine, 33 Knox, R., 112 Koine, 123, 145 Korn, H., 119 Késters, L., 134 Kriiger, G., 8, 59 79, 81, 87, 92, 93, 98, 114, 1425 in Christ, 114; well-ordered, 69, 126; of. one's country, 43; of Roman Christians must not wrong Ignatius, 8off.; see faith Cfaith and love) love feast, 142; see agape lying, God not capable of, 26 Laban, 28 Lactantius, 109 Macedonia, 56 macrocosm, 108 magic, 67 man, formed by God, 29 Marchal, L., 118 Marciani, 127 Marcion, 141 marriage, requires sanction of bishop, 98 Martial, Epigrams (7, 8, 16, 21), Aatkos, 112 laity, 34, 112, 121, 144 Lake, K., 8, 59 last epoch, 64 law, observance of, 39 Aetroupyta, 113 leopards, soldiers guarding Ignatius, 82, 139 Levites, 28, 34, 112
Marty, J., 116 martyrs, 65, 106, 132, Ephesus the highway of, 123; sufferings of, 136 martyrdom, concept of, 136; a life, and immortality, 30; carnal, spiritual, 63; restoration to new, 60; in Christ, 64 light, 83; of truth, to be born of, 135> -
Lightfoot, J. B., 8, 55, 59, 118, conflict with the devil, ibid.; E20 N22 bas 8 4o Limbo Patrum, 115 Einus, St.,; 3,005 liturgical gatherings, 103; see meetings liturgical prayer, for the state,
liturgy, 7, 113; Roman, 104, 116, a setting of the sun, 81; duty of a Christian, 133; of Polycarp, 142 paptupeiv, 106 Mary, Christ's mother, 63, 77; a virgin who conceived Christ of the Holy Spirit, 67 pabnrevey, pwabytjs, 121; see disI4I Adya, 108, 117 ciple, discipleship Matthew, St., Gospel of, 125 mediatorship, of Christ, 104 AOyos, 121 long-suffering, 17, 98; God's, 64
INDEX
medicine of immortality, Eucharist, 68 Mediterranean Sea, 109 meekness, 71 meetings, Christian, 62, 68, 70, mythology, Greek, 106; see phoenix Name, the, 61, 63, 68, 89; of God, 37, 45, 46, 49; of the Father, 80; of Christ, 39, 79, 80, 95, 120, 138; our common, 60; of Christians, 72; see Christian vads, 112 Nave, 16 Neapolis, 56 neighbor, regard for, 10, 32, 40, 97, 128; Eucharistic, 65, 123 Meersch, E., 126 melodies, 62, 122 members of Christ, Christians are, 38, 78 mercy, of God, 14, 85 peravo., Io metaphors, 105, 144 militia, 144 mind, of God, 61; of God the Ti 77 vexpopopos, 141 Nero, 106, 135 Nerva, 104 New Man, Jesus Christ, 67 Newman, J. H., 57, 118, 124 Nicene Creed, 122 night, sleep of the, 25 Ninevites, 13 Noe, 13, 14 non-Christians, Father, Christ is, 121 ministration, function of bishop and deacons, 120 miracle, 124 Miriam, 12 Misael, 37 modesty, 21, 104, 108 Moffatt, J., 59, 128, 130 monarchical, constitution: of Church, 120, 142; see hierarchical moon, 22, 67 moralism, of Clement, 105; of St. bad example given to, 38f.
Norden, E., 118 North, 15 Numantia, 106 number, of the elect, 45, 116 Paul, 110 ioses.. 11, 12, 20,°35f., 4, "42; ' obedience, 10, 17, 21, 45, 47, 48, law of, 92 "my Love has been crucified,"
68, 70, 79, 108, 144; of Christian wives, 10 observance, of the law, 30, 39 Occident, 7 ocean, 22; Atlantic, 109
mysteries, divine, 75, 124 Mystical Body, 32, 38, 58, 78,
III, 113, 126, 144
Mystici Corporis, 111 mysticism, Christian, 114; of St. officials of Church, 9, 35; see bishop, deacon, presbyter Old Testament, 3, 138 | omnipotence, of God, 26 Paul 410, 1%5; of St. John, IIo
INDEX perfectus Deus, 141 meplinua, 125 Perler, O., 134 Pepetua, vision of, 136 persecution, 11, 56, 71, 130; at Antioch, 142; of Domitian, 3, oneness, of altar and sacrifice, 7, 7EAG1s 00, 1373704 God. na5; of Church, 140; of mind with God, 74, 85 Onesimus, bishop of Ephesus, OOM61s.62,120 oracles, of God, 41, 117; pagan, 104, 135; of Nero, 3, 106, 135 Peter, St., 3,°12, 54, 82; 91104,
order, in world and in private 106, 115; sojourn at Rome, 7 Peterson, E., 106 Pharao, 12, 41 Philemon, 120 Philo, deacon, 89, 93, 95 philosopher, 66 phoenix, 25, 109 Physician, Christ, 63 piety, 15; reward of, 105 Pilate, Pontius, 73, 77, 99 pilgrimage, life on earth, 10 pillars, holy, 12, 106 pillar of salt, Lot's wife, 15 lots, IIo TAnpwpa, 131 Pliny the Elder, Hist. Nat. C1o. life, 22f., 108 ordo salutis, 106 Origen, 4, 53, (Comm. in Cant.
Cant., prol.) 136, 138 orphans, 14, 92, 145 otherworldliness, 53, 64 !
Ovid, Metam. (15. 392-407), 109 pagans, 5; example to, 77 Papias of Hierapolis, 103 parishes, 142 TapotKia, 142 Passion, Christ's, 67, 70, 73, 75, 78, 83, 85, 86, 88, 90, 92, 93, 95,4128, 136137 pastoral theology, 145 patience, 48, 49, 96, 98; see en2), 109 Pliny the Younger, 127 mvevpa, 120 durance Paul, St., greatest Christian letter
TVEVPATLKOS, 122
Pohlmann, H., 106 Polybius, bishop of Tralles, 75 Polycarp, St., bishop of Smyrna, writer, 119; compared with St.
Ignatius, ibid.; mysticism of, 110, 115; his visit in Spain, 7, 12, 106; passim peace, 21, 24, 47, 48, 49, 65, 75, 53, 56, 68, 74, 96, 98, 99, 103, 133, 139, 142, 143 poor, the, 32, 145 posterity, of Abraham, 15 praise offerings, 65 praises, of God and Christ by 95, 108 peacefulness, 18 Pearson, J., 55 penance, 13, 106 people, and bishop, 93; the Chosen, 107 Christians, 61f., 109 prayer, 13, 64, 67, 71, 73, 86, 88, 89, 92, 94, 96, 107, 113; community, 78; Christ's position in mTépara, Td, I21 perfection, 39, 141
INDEX
liturgical, 104; solemn, addressed to God the Father, 46f., 116; for the state, 47, 116; of intercession, see intercession preaching, 97, 127 Preiss, T.7119; 131 presbyters, 23, 36, 38, 44, 69, 70, purity, 114; see chastity, continence Qedusha, 116 Quadratus, 103 quarreling, 36, 37 race, God's 86 racecourse, of the faith, 13, 114 Rahab, 16 rank and file, 121; see laity ransom, Ignatius offers his life as 78,85, 89,98, 112, 126, 127, 132, 137, 138, 140; function as council of the Apostles, 71; God's high council and Apostolic college, 76 presbytery, 61, 68, 73, 77, 86, 87, a, 68, 94, 98, 125; of Christian captives, 115 reading, of Scriptures at liturgical 93, 95, 129, 132, 141; represents Christ's Apostles, 75; obedience to, 79 predestinarian, 116 preside, to, implies power and gatherings, 103 rebirth, 14 records, official, the Gospels, 88; Christ as, ibid.
Red Sea, 41 Redemption, authority to command, 128 "presiding in love," said of Roman Church, 80, 134 pride, 18, 27, 30, 33, 44, 46, 62, 124; see Christ, Passion, etc. resurrection, man's future, 25, 65, 92, 132 98, 140; in nature, 25; of Christ, 35, 57, 67, 73, 78, 83,
35,5352 00"O1;4 95). LESS 3,
137, 140; Christ's Passion is our, 92 revelation, 48, 117 rhetoric, 103, 104, III rich, obligations of the, 32 Richardson, C. C., 118, 140 Rohr, I, 139 Rome, Church of, 3, 4, 9, 133; priests, 28, 88 priesthood, in Old Law, 35 primacy, of Rome, 4, 137 Prince of this world, 5, 66, 60, 76, 83, 87; ignorant of Mary's virginity and childbearing and of Christ's Passion, 67 principalities, 76, 92 prisoners, ransom of, 46 prophecy, 16, 92, 138 Prophets, 20, 35, 71, 72, 87, 88, 135; presides, 80, 134; interference of in Corinthian difhculties, 5; 106, 108
Roman, liturgy, 104, 116, 141; 92, 125, 129, 138 mpoowomw, Vv, 3 Providence, 25 Priimm, K., 120, 132 Psalms, 108, 115 pseudo-Clementine literature, 7f. empire, 104; territory, 134 rope, Holy Spirit, 64 Rottmanner, O., 142
INDEX
sedition, 11, 40, 42 self-control, 27 48, 49 self-sacrifice, 42 Seneca, Ad Helviam (8), Ad Marciam (18), De benef. (4. rulers, on earth, 47; temporal and ecclesiastical, 116; prayer for, 47, 116f.
Sabbath, 72 sacraments, 127, 138 Sacred Scriptures, containing or25), Nat. quaest.
(5. 13ff.),
Septuagint, 105 servant, 116; see slave services, liturgical, 34 sheep, Christians as, 19, 25, 86 Shepherd, M. H., 139 shrine of God, human person to acles of God, 41 Sacred Writings, the Bible, 37 sacrifice, 34, 112; of Cain, 11, 105; of Christ, 110; of life, 104; of praise, 31, 41; martyrdom as a, 81 salvation, eternal, 23, 36, 136 "salted" in Christ, 72, 129 sanctification, 29, 104, 138 Sanctus, 110 saints, followers of Christ so debe kept as such, 88
Sidonians, 138 silence, of bishop, 85; of Christ, 66; of wives, 23 SIN) I3j;0E4; 19-2011,'24, 3684. signated, 127; 37, 43, 87, go 472.
O5hA92) 1 Loy -DOTRe NADY, Christ, 19 sin offerings, 19, 34 sincerity, 18 slander, 27, 30; see backbiting slaves, 42, 97, 1453; deacons, of capkodopos, I4I odp€, 120, 127 Satan, 65 Savior, Christ, 60, 69, 88, 92 Saul, 12 Scheiwiler, A., 141 Sehermann, T., 124, 142 schism, 5, 9, 10, 38, 39, 42, 44, Christ, 120 sleep, death as a, 82 Smyrna, 55, 56, 68, 78, 130, 133, 86, 104, 145 school, of Christ, 88 139, 142, 143 Smyrnaeans, 89, 133, 139 sobriety, 48, 49, 64, 97 "Social Question," 111
Sodom, 15 "Solafidismus," 110 soldiers, conduct of Christians as, Sceptre of Divine Majesty, Christ, 18 Scriptures, read at liturgical gatherings, 103; 88, 113 Scultetus, A., 55 BES 22h o solidarity, Christian, 143 owpateiov, 142 Son of Man, Son of God, 68; see sea, 22, 29; Mediterranean, 109; Red, 41 seal, with blood, 106 seasons, 22 "Second " epistle of Clement, 4, Christ Soter, pope, 5 South, 15
sectarian, 62
INDEX
Spain, St. Paul's visit in, 7, 106 speech, evil, 24 Spencer, F. A., 113 Spirit of God, 27; see Holy Spirit orddyxva, 138 springs, 22 Srawley, J. H., 59, 118, 123 stamp, of God the Father, 70 star of Bethlehem, 67 stars, 22, 67 teaching, practice of one's own, temple, one, and one altar, 71; the Father's, 63; Christ's, 66 temple-bearers, 64 terminology, Jewish, 112; pagan, given new content by Christians, 123 tersanctus, 110 Tertullian, 4; Apol. C15), 106; state, officials of, 116; and Church, 117; prayer for, 47 "stations of the winds," 22, 109 steadfastness, 61 Stoics, 108, 109 stones, Christians in the Father's Adv. Marc. (4. 40), 141 thanksgiving, liturgical prayer of, Vi OéAnpa, 146 theology, of Ignatius, 7 Theophorus, Ignatius, 53, 60, 69, temple, 63 stranger, Church residing as such 75, 80, 85, 90, 96, 118, 123 Ocod dovn, 138 Thiele, J., 134 Thomas Aquinas, St., 128 at Rome and Corinth, 9, 103f. otvAos, 106 submission, submissiveness to authority, 5, 6, 44, 61, 62, 73, Ovovacrnpiov, 130 Toros, 113, 134, 144 tradition, Apostolic, 7; Christian, 115; 120, 125, 126; to God, 17 succession, Apostolic, 112, 137; in ministry, 36 suffering, of Christ, 63, 97; is training, in Christ, 38 Trajan, 54 Tralles, 55, 75 frue sand, real, 77; 90,119; Ignatius is "in love with," 76 sun, 22, 67, 81; altar of, at Heliotree, man compared to, 24
Trent, Council of, 7 trespass offerings, 34 Trinity, 38, 56, 73 trisagium, trishagion, 110, 116 Troas, 56, 89, 94, 99, 130, 139, polis, 25; rising and setting of, 81, 135 Sunday, 116 " Synergismus," 110
Syria, Church in, 68, 73, 79, 84;
Troy, 106 passim truth, 62, 111 Twelve Tribes, 28, 35, 43 Tychicus, 120 Tabernacle of Testimony, 35 Tacitus, Ann. (6.34), 109; (15.
44), 106, 109 Tavia, 95 teachers, false, 145 TVYXGVO, TX; and salvation, 126 Tyrians, 138
INDEX
West, 106 Western boundary, 12 wheat, of God, 133 widows, 13, 92, 95, 97, 142, 145 windlass, faith a spiritual, 64 winds, 109 unbelievers, 66, 76, 78, 91, 92,
understanding, 96 union with God; with Ching 68, 114; of Christ with the Church, 111 unity, 30, 32, 61f., 65, 69, 80, 86, Wisdom, a collective title, 44,
witness, 117; see martyr wives, Christian, 97; Christian at 88, 96, 142 universe, 26, 41, 83 Ussher, J., 55 Corinth, 10 women, heroism of, 42; Chrisviaticum, 105
Verbum supernum prodiens, 128 Virgin Birth, 67, 90, 124 virginity, 114 virgins, 95, 142 virtues, Christian, 139 vision, beatific, 136; of Perpetua, tian, 106 Word, of God, 117; Christ, 72, 129; see Christ workman, 29 works, a Christian's, 98 world, constitution of, 46; Christian detachment from, 104 worship, 48
vivere secundum naturam, 108 voice, man's as voice of God, 87, youth, Christian, 23; the Chris-
votive offerings, 34 Vulgate, 104 tian at Corinth, of. vrotdcceabat, 115 Zahn; 15155; 135, 145 zeal, 97 Zeller, F., 8, 59 Zizzamia, A. I., 112 Zorell, F., 139 Zotion, deacon, 127 war, II water, consecrated by Christ's Passion, 67; Living, 83 weeds, among Christians, 86; of the devil, 64
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Clemens, Romanus | A35 the epistles of St. Clement --no.1of Rome and St.
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