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On the Incarnation IIAgain the Lord spoke to Achaz: Ask for a sign from the Lord . .. the virgin shall be with child, and bear a son, and they shall name him Emmanuel."l (1) Children of purity and disciples of chastity, let us celebrate the praises of the Virgin-born God with lips allpure. Being counted worthy to partake of the flesh of the spiritual Lamb, let us take the head with the feet,2 understanding the head as the Divinity, and the feet as the Humanity. We who listen to the Holy Gospels should give heed to John the divine; for he who said: "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God; and the Word was
God/'3 thereafter added: "And the Word was made flesh."4
For it is neither holy to worship the mere man, nor pious to speak of Him as God only, apart from His manhood. For if Christ is God, as He truly is, but did not assume manhood, then we are strangers to salvation. Let us, therefore, adore
Him as God, but believe that He became man also; for it is neither profitable to speak of Him as man without the God· head, nor salutary to fail to confess the manhood together with the Godhead. Let us confess the presence of the King and Physician. For Jesus the King, when about to become our Physician, girded Himself with the linen towel of humanity, and cared for that which was sick. The perfect lIsa. 7.10. 14.
2 Exod. 12.9.
3 John 1.1.
4 Ibid. 14.
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Teacher of children became Himself a child among children, that He might instruct the unwise. The Bread of heaven came down to earth to feed the hungry.
(2) But the Jews, while they reject Him who has come, and look for him who is to come in wickedness, have repudiated the True Christ, and being deceived themselves, await the deceiver. And so the Savior is again proved true, who said: "I have come in the name of my Father, and you do not receive me. If another come in his own name, him you will receive."5 Here is a good question for the Jews: "Is the Prophet Isaia, when he says that Emmanuel will be born of a virgin, true or false?" If they accuse him as false, it is not surprising; for it is their custom not only to accuse their prophets as liars, but even to stone them. But if the Prophet is true, point out Emmanuel. Further, is he who is to come, whom you await, to be born of a virgin or not? For if he is not to be born of a virgin, you charge the Prophet with falsehood; but if you expect this in him who is to come, why do you reject that which has already come to pass?
(3) Now let the Jews, since they so will, be led astray; but let the Church of God be glorified. For we receive God the Word made Man in truth, not of the will of man and woman, as heretics say, but according to the Gospel, of the Virgin and the Holy Spirit, made Man, not in appearance, but in reality. That He became man of a virgin will be taught in good time, and you will receive the proofs; for the error of the heretics is manifold.6 Some have denied altogether that He was born of a virgin; others assert that He was born, not of a virgin, but of a woman dwelling with a husband.
Others assert that Christ is not God made man, but a man made God; for they have dared to say that it was not the 5 John 5.43.
6 Cyril seems to have in mind three types of heretics, those who denied that Christ was born at all (or admitted he was a man but not born of men); secondly, those who maintain that Christ was born as other men, i.e., not from a virgin; thirdly, those who asserted that Christ was deified from mere man.
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pre-existing Word that became man, but that a certain man was crowned by advancement.
(4) But remember the things that were said yesterday regarding His Godhead. Believe that the very same Onlybegotten Son of God was Himself again begotten of a virgin.
Heed John the Evangelist, when he says: "And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among US."7 For the Word is indeed Eternal, begotten of the Father before all ages, but took the flesh recently, in our behalf. But many gainsay this and declare: "What cause was there so great that God should come down to man's level? Again, is it God's nature at all to live among men? Besides, is it possible for a virgin to bear, without man?" Since there is much controversy, and the strife is manifold, let us proceed to resolve each point, by the grace of Christ and the prayers of those present.
(5) First, let us inquire why Jesus came down to earth. Now do not fix your attention on any skill of language on my part, for perhaps you may be deceived; unless you get the testimony of the prophets on each point, do not believe what is said.
Unless you learn from the Holy Scriptures regarding the Virgin, the place, the time, the manner,s "do not receive the witness of man."9 For one who is now present and teaches may be open to suspicion; but what man of sense will suspect him who prophesied a thousand years ago and more?
If then you seek the reason for Christ's coming, go back to the first book of the Scriptures. God made the world in six days; but the world was made for man. The sun, however bright its shining rays, was yet made to give light to man. In fact, all the living things were created to serve us. Plants and trees were created for our enjoyment. All created things were good, but none of them was the image of God save man alone. The sun was fashioned by a mere command, but man by God's
7 John 1.14.
8 Cf. Bar. 3.38.
9 John 5.34.
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hands. "Let us make man in our image and likeness."lO A wooden image of an earthly king is honored; how much more a rational image of God. But the envy of the devil cast out this greatest of God's works, when it was making merry in Paradise. The enemy exulted over the fall of him whom he had envied; would you have wished the devil to continue to rejoice? He did not dare approach the man because of his strength, but approached the woman, as being weaker, when she was still a virgin; for it was after his expulsion from Paradise that "Adam knew Eve his wife."ll
(6) Cain and Abel followed next in the generation of mankind; and Cain was the first murderer. Afterwards a deluge engulfed the earth because of the exceeding wickedness of men. Fire came down from heaven upon the people of Sodom because of their corruption. Subsequently God chose out
Israel; but even Israel became perverse and the chosen race was wounded. For while Moses stood on the mountain before God, the people worshiped a calf in place of God. In the days of their lawgiver Moses, who said: "Thou shalt not commit adultery," a man dared to enter a brothel and be wanton. After Moses, prophets were sent to heal Israel; but in their exercise of healing they deplored the fact that they could not overcome evil, so that one of them says: Alas, "The faithful are gone from the earth, among men the upright are no more!";12 and again: "All alike have gone astray; they have become perverse; there is not one who does good, not even one."13 And again: "Cursing, and theft, and adultery, and killing have overflowed"14 upon the land. "They sacrificed their sons and daughters to demons."15 They engaged themselves in auguries, and enchantments, and divinations;
10 Gen. 1.26.
II Gen. 4.1.
12 Mich. 7.2.
13 Ps. 13.3.
14 Cf. Osee 4.2.
15 Ps. 105.37.
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and again: "They fastened their garments with cords and hung veils next to the altar."16
(7) Grievous was the wound of mankind. "From the sole of the foot to the head there was no sound spot; there was no place to apply ointment or oil or bandages."17 Then, lamenting and in distress the prophets said: "Oh, that out of Sion would come the salvation of Israel!"18 And again:
"May your help be with the man of your right hand, with the son of man whom you yourself made strong. And we will no more withdraw from yoU."19 Another prophet made supplication thus: "Incline your heavens, a Lord, and come down."2o The wounds of mankind are beyond our healing.
"They have slain thy prophets, they have thrown down thy altars."21 The evil cannot be repaired by us; you must repair it.
(8) The Lord heard the prayer of the prophets. The Father did not despise our race which was perishing; He sent from heaven His own Son the Lord as our Physician. One of the prophets says: "The Lord whom you seek, cometh; and He shall come suddenly."22 Whither? "The Lord shall come to his temple,"23 where you took up stones against Him.24
Another of the prophets, on hearing this, says to him: "In speaking of God's salvation, do you speak softly? In announcing the good tidings of God's coming for salvation, do you speak in secret?" "Go up onto a high mountain, Sion, herald of glad tidings; say to the cities of Juda";-what shall
I say?-"Here is your God! Here comes with power the Lord God."25 Again the Lord Himself has said: "Behold I come,
16 Amos 2.8 (Sept.).
17 Isa. 1.6 (Sept.).
18 Ps. 13.7.
19 Ps. 79.18, 19.
20 Ps. 143.5.
21 3 Kings 19.10.
22 Cf. Mal. 3.1 (Sept.).
23 Ibid.
24 Cf. John 8.59.
25 Isa. 40.9, 10.
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and I will dwell in the midst of thee, saith the Lord. And many nations shall be joined to the Lord."26 The Israelites rejected salvation through Me; "I come to gather nations of every language";27 for, "he came unto his own, and his own received him not."28 You come, and what do you bestow upon the nations? "I come to gather nations of every language; ... I will set a sign among them."29 For from My conflict on the cross I will give to each of My soldiers a royal sign to bear upon his forehead. StilI another prophet said:
"He inclined the heavens and came down, with dark clouds under his feet."3o For His coming down from heaven was unknown to men.
(9) Afterwards Solomon, hearing his father David say these things, and having built a wondrous house, and foreseeing Him who would come to it, says in astonishment: "Is it then to be thought that God should indeed dwell upon earth?"31 Yes, says David in anticipation in the psalm inscribed "For Solomon," wherein it is said: "He shall be like rain coming down on the fleece";32 "rain" because of His heavenly origin; but "on the fleece" because of His manhood. For rain, falling upon fleece, falls noiselessly; so that, the mystery of His birth being unknown, the wise men said: "Where is he that is born king of the Jews?" And Herod, being troubled, inquired concerning Him who had been born, and said: "Where is the Christ born?"33
(10) Who is this who comes down? He says in what follows:
"May he endure as long as the sun, and like the moon through all generations."34 Again another of the prophets says: "Rejoice heartily, a daughter Sion, shout for joy, a 26 Zach. 2.10, 11 (Douay).
27 Isa. 66.18.
28 John 1.11.
29 Isa. 66.18, 19 (Sept.).
30 Ps.17.1O.
31 3 Kings 8.27.
32 Ps. 71.6 (Douay).
33 Matt. 2.2, 4.
34 Ps.71.5.
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daughter Jerusalem! See, your king shall come to you; a just savior is he."35 There are many kings; explain to us which one you mean, 0 Prophet. Give us a sign which other kings do not have. If you say, a king clad in purple, the dignity of such vesture has been anticipated. If you say he is guarded by spearmen, and sitting on a golden chariot, this too has been anticipated by others. Give us a sign peculiar to the King whose coming you announce. The prophet answers and says:
"See your king shall come to you; a just savior is he, meek, and riding on an ass, on a colt, the foal of an ass,"36 not upon a chariot. You have a unique sign of the King who came.
Alone of kings, Jesus sat upon a foal untried in the yoke, entering Jerusalem with acclamations as a king. What does this King do on entering? "Thou also by the blood of thy testament hast sent forth thy prisoners out of the pit, wherein is no water."37
(11) But it might happen that He should sit upon a foal; give us rather a sign where the king who enters will stand.
Give us a sign not far from the city, that it may not be unknown to us; give us a sign nearby and clearly visible, that being in the city38 we may behold the place. Again the prophet answers, saying: "That day his feet shall rest upon the Mount of Olives, which is opposite Jerusalem to the east."39 Is it possible for anyone standing within the city not to behold the place?
(12) We have two signs, and wish to learn a third; tell us what the Lord shall do on coming. Another prophet says:
"Here is your God," and thereafter, "he comes to save you.
Then will the eyes of the blind be opened, the ears of the deaf be cleared; then will the lame leap like the stag; then
35 Zach. 9.9.
36 Ibid.
37 Ibid. (Douay).
38 Cyril was preaching on Mt. Golgotha, which was outside the gate of the old Jerusalem, but inside the walls of the later city. The Mount of Olives was easily visible from Calvary.
39 Zach. 14.4.
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the tongue of the dumb will sing."40 But let yet another testimony be told us. You speak, 0 Prophet, of the Lord coming and doing signs such as never had been done.41 What other clear signs do you mention? "The Lord enters into judgment with his people's elders and princes."42 An extraordinary sign: the Master judged by elder servants, and enduring it.
(13) These things the Jews read, but heed not; they have stopped up the ears of their heart, that they may not hear.
But for our part, let us believe in Jesus Christ, who came in the flesh and was made man; for we could not receive Him otherwise. For since we could not behold or enjoy Him as He is, He became what we are, that we might be allowed to enjoy him. For if we cannot look full upon the sun, which was made on the fourth day, could we behold God, its Maker?
The Lord came down in fire on Mount Sinai and the people could not bear it, but said to Moses: "You speak to us, and we will listen; but let not God speak to us, or we shall die."43
Again: "What mortal has heard the voice of the living God speaking from the midst of fire, and shall live?"44 If to hear the voice of God speaking is a cause of death, how will the sight of God not cause death? And why wonder? Even Moses himself says: "I am greatly terrifi·ed and trembling."45
(14) What then? Would you that He who came for our salvation become a minister of destruction because men could not bear Him? Or rather, that He should temper His grace to our measure? Daniel could not bear the vision of an angel; could you bear the sight of the Lord of angels?
Gabriel appeared and Daniel fell down. Of what nature and in what form did he appear? "His face shone like lightning," not as the sun; "his eyes were like fiery torches," not as a 40 Isa. 35.4-6.
41 Cf. John 15.24.
42 Isa. 3.14.
43 Exod. 20.19.
44 Deut. 5.26.
45 Heb. 12.21.
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furnace of fire; "and the voice sounded like the roar of a multitude,"46 not "as of twelve legions of angels."47 Yet the Prophet fell down. The angel approached him and said:
"Fear not, Daniel: stand upright, take courage, thy words have been heard."48 And Daniel says: "I stood up trembling";49 yet even so he did not answer, until the likeness of a man's hand touched him. After the vision changed and seemed like a man, then Daniel began to speak; and his words? "My Lord, I was seized with pangs at the vision and I was powerless .... No strength or even breath it left in me."50 If the vision of an angel took away the Prophet's voice and strength, would the sight of God Himself have allowed him to breathe? Until "the one who looked like a man touched me, "51 says the Scripture, Daniel did not take courage.
A proof of our weakness having been shown then, the Lord took on Himself that which man required. For, since man sought to hear from one like himself, the Savior put on the same nature, that men might be taught more easily.
(15) Here is another reason. Christ came that He might be baptized and might sanctify baptism; He came that He might work wonders, walking upon the waters of the sea. Therefore, since before His coming in the flesh, "the sea beheld and fled; Jordan turned back,"52 the Lord assumed His body, that the sea might endure the sight, and Jordan receive Him without fear. This is one reason, but there is a second also.
Through Eve, yet a virgin, came death; there was need that through a virgin, or rather from a virgin, that life should appear; that as the serpent deceived the one, so Gabriel should bring the good news to the other. Men, having abandoned God, fashioned images like men. Since, therefore, the 46 Dan. 10.6.
47 Cf. Matt. 26.53.
48 Cf. Dan. 10.12-19.
49 Ibid. 11 (Sept.).
50 Ibid. 16, 17 (Sept.).
51 Ibid. 18.
52 Ps. 113.3.
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image of man was falsely worshiped as God, God became truly man, that the falsehood might be destroyed. The devil had made use of the flesh as an instrument against us; and knowing this Paul says: "But I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind and making me prisoner,"53 and what follows. We have been saved by the very weapons which the devil used to conquer us. The Lord took from us our likeness, that through human nature, we might be saved. He assumed our likeness that He might bestow the greater grace on that which was lacking, that sinful human nature might be made partaker of God. For:
"Where the offense has abounded, grace has abounded yet more."54 It behooved the Lord to suffer on our behalf; but the devil would not have dared to approach, if he had known
Him: "For had they known it, they would never have crucified the Lord of glory."55 His body, therefore, was made a bait to death, that the dragon, when hoping to devour it, might disgorge those also whom he had already devoured.
For: "Death having waxed mighty, devoured";56 and again:
"God wiped away the tears from all faces."57
(16) Did Christ become man in vain? Are our doctrines merely clever inventions and human sophistries? Are not the Holy Scriptures our salvation? Are not the predictions of the prophets? Therefore, keep this deposit unshaken, I pray you, and let no one disturb you: believe that God became man.
Now it has been proved that this was possible; but if the Jews still refuse to believe, let us propose this to them: "What strange thing do we announce when we say that God became man, when you yourselves say that Abraham received the Lord as a guest? What strange thing do we announce, when
Jacob says: 'I have seen a heavenly being face to face, yet 53 Rom 7.23.
54 Rom. 5.20.
55 1 Cor. 2.8.
56 Isa. 25.8 (Sept.).
57 Ibid.
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my life has been spared'?58 The same Lord who ate with Abraham ate also with us. Therefore, what strange thing do we announce? Further, we present two witnesses who stood before the Lord on Mount Sinai; Moses was 'in the hollow of the rock';59 and Elias was once in the hollow of the rock.60
They, being present at His Transfiguration on Mount Tabor, spoke to His disciples 'of his death which he was about to fulfill in Jerusalem.' "61 That it was possible for Him to be made man has been shown, as I said above; the rest of the proofs may be left for the studious to gather.
(17) But in my discourse above I promised to declare both the time and the place of the coming of the Savior; and I must not depart convicted of falsehood, but rather send away the Church's novices well assured. Therefore, let us inquire the time when the Lord came, since His coming is recent and disputed; and since "Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today, yes, and forever,"62 Moses the Prophet says: "A prophet like unto me will the Lord, your God, raise up for you from among your own kinsmen."63 Let the phrase "like unto me," be reserved awhile, to be examined in its proper place. But when does this expected prophet come? Go back, he says, to what has been written by me; scrutinize the prophecy of Jacob spoken to Juda: "Juda, your brothers shall praise you,"64 and what follows, not to quote the whole; "A prince shall not fail out of Juda, nor a ruler from his thigh, till he come, for whom it is reserved, and he shall be the expectation," not of the Jews, but "of nations."65 He gave as a sign of the coming of Christ the cessation of Jewish rule. If they are not now under the sway of the Romans, Christ is not yet come.
58 Gen. 32.30.
59 Exod. 33.22.
60 Cf. 3 Kings 19.13.
61 Luke 9.30, 31.
62 Heb. 13.8.
63 Deut. 18.15.
64 Gen. 49.8.
65 Ibid. 10 (Sept.).
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If they still have a prince of the race of Juda and David, the expected One has not yet come. For I am ashamed to mention their recent doings concerning those who are nowadays called "patriarchs" among them, and what their recent descent is and who their mother; but I leave it to those who know.
But He who comes "the expectation of nations," what further sign has He? In the next verse Jacob says: "tying his colt to his vine";66 you recognize that colt clearly announced by Zacharia.
(18) But again you seek still another testimony of the time.
"The Lord said to me, 'You are my son; this day I have begotten you' ";67 and a little further on: "You shall rule them with an iron rod."68 I have already said that the rule of the Romans is clearly called "an iron rod"; but what is still wanting concerning this point let us call to mind from Daniel. For in declaring and interpreting the image of the statue of N abuchodonosor, he tells also his whole vision concerning it; and that "a stone hewn from a mountain without a hand being put to it,"69 that is to say, not produced by man's contrivance, would overpower the whole world. He speaks most clearly thus: "In the lifetime of those kings the God of heaven will set up a kingdom that shall never be destroyed or delivered up to another people."70
(19) But we seek a clearer proof of the time of His coming; for man, being slow to believe, unless he can calculate the very years exactly, does not believe what is said. What were the circumstances and the nature of the time? When the kings out of Juda fail, and a foreigner, Herod, rules. Therefore the angel, speaking to Daniel, says (now mark, I pray you, what is said): "Know and understand this: From the utterance of the word that Jerusalem was to be rebuilt unto
66 Cf. Ibid. 11.
67 Ps.2.7.
68 Ibid. 9.
69 Dan. 2.34.
70 Ibid. 44.
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Christ the prince, there shall be seven weeks, and sixty-two weeks."71 Now sixty-nine weeks of years makes four hundred and eighty-three years. Therefore he declared that four hundred and eighty-three years after the building of Jerusalem, the rulers out of Juda failing, there was to come a certain foreign king, in whose reign Christ was to be born.
Darius the Mede built the city in the sixth year of his own reign, in the first year of the sixty-sixth Olympiad. Among the Greeks "Olympiad" is the term given the games occurring every four years, because of the day made up, in every four years of the sun's courses, of the three hours over in each year. Now Herod was king in the fourth year of the one hundred and eighty-sixth Olympiad. Between the sixty-sixth and the one hundred and eighty-sixth Olympiads there are one hundred and twenty Olympiads plus. Now one hundred and twenty Olympiads make up four hundred and eighty years; the three other years remaining are accounted for in the interval between the first and the fourth years. So, therefore, you have the proof from Scripture: "From the utterance of the word that Jerusalem was to be rebuilt unto Christ the prince, there shall be seven weeks, and sixty-two weeks."72
For the present, then, you have this proof of the time, though the weeks of years foretold in Daniel are interpreted variously.
(20) Listen now to the place of the promise. Michea says:
"But you, Bethlehem-Ephratha, are not the least to be among the thousands of Juda: for from you shall come forth for me a leader that is to be the ruler in Israel: and his goings forth are from the beginning, from the days of etemity."73
Now regarding the place, as an inhabitant of Jerusalem, you already know beforehand what is written in the one hundred and thirty-first psalm: "Behold, we heard of it in Ephratha; we found it in the fields of the wood."74 For, a few
71 Cf. Dan. 9.25.
72 Ibid.
73 Cf. Mich. 5.2 (Sept.).
74 Ps. 131.6.
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years ago, the place was woody. Again, you have heard Habacuc saying to the Lord: "When the years draw nigh, you shall be known; when the time comes, you shall be shown."75
What is the sign, 0 Prophet, of the coming of the Lord?
He says next: "In the midst of two lives you shall be known,"76 saying this plainly to the Lord: "Coming in the flesh, you shall live and die, and rising from the dead you shall live again."
From what part of the region about Jerusalem is He to come? From East, or West, or North, or South? Tell us exactly. He answers most clearly and says: "God shall come from Theman (now Theman is interpreted "South"), and the Holy One from Pharan, shady, woody";77 in agreement with this the Psalmist said: "We found it in the fields of the wood."78
(21) We ask further of whom and how He will come. This Isaia tells us: "The virgin shall be with child, and bear a son, and shall name him Emmanuel."79 The Jews gainsay this; for it has long been their custom to resist the truth perversely; they say the text is not "the virgin," but "the damsel." Even accepting their assertion, I find the truth. For we must ask them: "If a virgin is assaulted, when does she cry out and call for help, before or after the outrage?" If then the Scripture says elsewhere: "The damsel cried, and there was no one to come to her aid,"so does it not speak of a virgin? To learn more clearly that even a virgin is called a damsel in the Holy
Scripture, hear the Book of Kings, saying of Abisag the Sunamitess: "And the damsel was exceeding beautiful"; 81 that she was chosen as a virgin and brought to David is admitted.
(22) But the Jews say again: "This was said to Achaz con75 Hab. 3.2 (Sept.).
76 Ibid.
77 Ibid. 3 (Sept.).
78 Cf. Ps. 131.6.
79 Isa. 7.14.
80 Cf. Deut. 22.27.
81 3 Kings 1.4.
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cerning Ezechia." Therefore, let us read the Scripture: "Ask for a sign from the Lord, your God; let it be deep as the nether world, or high as the skyr"82 The sign surely ought to be something extraordinary. For the water from the rock83 was a sign, the dividing of the sea,S4 the turning back of the sun,85 and the like. What I am about to say contains a clearer refutation of the Jews. (I realize I am speaking at length and that my hearers are wearied. But endure the fullness of my discourse, since it is for Christ's sake that these things are discussed, and they concern no ordinary matters.) Since
Isaia spoke these things in the reign of Achaz, and Achaz was king for only sixteen years, during which the prophecy was made, the fact that his successor, King Ezechia, the son of Achaz, was twenty-five years old when be began to reign, refutes the objection of the Jews. For since the prophecy was confined within sixteen years, he must have been begotten at least nine years before the prophecy. Why was it necessary to utter the prophecy about one already born? For he did not say "was with child," but "the virgin shall be with child," speaking as with foreknowledge.
(23) But that the Lord was to be born of a virgin we know clearly; now we must show of what stock the Virgin was.
"The Lord swore to David a firm promise from which he will not withdraw: 'Your own offspring I will set upon your throne.' "86 Again: "I will make his posterity endure forever and his throne as the days of heaven."s7 Then: "Once by my holiness I have sworn; I will not be false to David: his posterity shall continue forever, and his throne shall be like the sun before me; like the moon, which remains forever."88
You see that the words concern Christ, not Solomon, for 82 Isa. 7.11.
83 Exod. 17.6.
84 Exod. 14.21.
85 4 Kings 20.11.
86 Ps. 131.11.
87 Ps. 88.30.
88 I bid. 36·38.
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Solomon's throne did not endure as the sun. But if anyone should object that Christ did not sit upon the wooden throne of David, let us produce that saying: "The Scribes and the Pharisees have sat on the chair of Moses."s9 For this signifies, not the chair of wood, but the authority of his teaching. In like manner, in looking for the throne of David, seek not the throne of wood, but the kingly power itself.
Take as witnesses the children who cried out: "Hosanna to the Son of David: blessed ... is the king of Israel."9o The blind men also say: "Son of David, have mercy on US!"91
Again, Gabriel bears witness plainly in saying to Mary: "And the Lord God will give him the throne of David his father."92
Paul, too, says: "Remember that Jesus Christ rose from the dead and was descended from David; this is my gospel."93 In the beginning of the Epistle to the Romans, he says: "who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh."94 Therefore, receive Him who was born of David, and heed the prophecy which says: "On that day there shall be a root of Jesse, and he that shall rise to rule over the nations: in him shall the nations trust."95
(24) But the Jews are sorely troubled at these things. This also Isaia foreknew when he said: "And they shall desire that they were burnt by fire. For a child is born to us," (not to them) "a son is given US."96 Note too that He was first the Son of God, then was given to us. A little further on he says:
"And of his peace there is no end."97 The Romans have their limits; but there is no limit of the kingdom of the Son of God. The Persians and the Medes have their limits, but the Son of God has none. Then follows: "Upon the throne
89 Matt. 23.2.
90 Matt. 21.9; John 12.13.
91 Matt. 20.30.
92 Luke 1.32.
932 Tim 2.8.
94 Rom. 1.3.
95 Isa. 11.10 (Sept.).
96 Isa. 9.5, 6 (Sept.).
97 Ibid. 7.
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of David, and upon his kingdom, to establish it."98 The holy Virgin, then, was sprung from David.
(25) It was fitting that He, most pure and a Teacher of purity, should issue from a pure bride-chamber. For if one who fulfills well the priestly office abstains from women, how was Jesus Himself to be born of man and woman? "For thou art he," He says in the Psalms, "that hast drawn me out of the womb."99 Mark that carefully, "that hast drawn me out of the womb," since this signifies that He was born without man, being drawn from the womb and flesh of a virgin; for the manner is different for those born in the ordinary course of marriage.
(26) But He is not ashamed to take flesh from such members, when He framed these very members. Who tells us this? The Lord says to Jeremia: "Before I formed you in the womb I knew you, before you were born I dedicated yoU."lOO
If in fashioning men, therefore, He touched them and was not ashamed, was He ashamed in forming for Himself the holy flesh, the veil of His Godhead? It is God who even now creates the babes in the womb, as it is written in Job: "Did you not pour me out as milk, and thicken me like cheese.
With skin and flesh you clothed me, with bones and sinews knit me together."lOl There is nothing corrupt in man's frame unless he defiles it with adulteries and wantonness. He who formed Adam formed Eve also; and both male and female were fashioned by the Divine hands. None of the members of the body as fashioned from the beginning is corrupt. Let all heretics be silent who slander their bodies, or rather Him who formed them. But let us be mindful of Paul's words:
"Do you not know that your members are the temple of the Holy Spirit, who is in yoU?"102 Again, the Prophet has
98 Ibid.
99 Ps. 21.10 (Douay).
100 Jer. 1.5.
101 Job 10.10, 11.
102 1 Cor. 6.19.
ST. CYRIL OF JERUSALEM
foretold in the person of Jesus: "My flesh is from them."108
Elsewhere it is written: "Therefore the Lord will give them up, until the time that she brings forth."lo4 What is the sign? There follows: "She shall bring forth, and the remnant of their brethren shall be converted."105 What are the nuptial pledges of the Virgin, the holy bride? "I will espouse you to me in faith";lo6 and Elizabeth, speaking to her, says in like manner: "And blessed is she who has belie:ved, because the things promised her by the Lord shall be accomplished."lo7
(27) But both Greeks and Jews deride us and say that it was impossible for Christ to be born of a virgin. Let us silence the Greeks from their own fables. For how can you, who speak of stones being cast and changed into men, assert that birth from a virgin is impossible? When your legends declare that a daughter108 was born from the brain, how can you assert that a son could not have been born from a virgin's womb? You tell the false story of the birth of Dionysus from the thigh of your Zeus;109 how can you set at naught our truth? I know I am speaking of what is unworthy of the hearers present, but that you, at the proper time, may reproach the Greeks, I have brought these things in to refute them from their own fables.
(28) Meet the Jews with this question: "Is it more difficult for an old woman, barren and past the age of bearing, to bear, or for a virgin in the flower of youth to have a child?" Sara was barren, and menstruation had long ceased, but contrary to nature she bore a child. It is contrary to nature for a barren woman to bear, and for a virgin to bear. Either reject both or accept both. For it is the same God who wrought the one and effected the other. Por you will not lO3 Osee 9.12 (Sept.).
104 Cf. Mich. 5.2.
105 Cf. ibid.
106 Cf. Osee 2.22.
107 Luke 1.45.
108 I.e., Athena.
109 See, e.g., Euripides' Bacchae.
CA TECHESIS XII
dare to say that that was possible for God, but not this.
Again, it was surely unnatural for a man's hand to be changed in a single hour into a different appearance and to be again restored. How then was Moses' hand made white as snow and at once restored to its natural appearance? But you say that God, by so willing, changed it. Is it that in one case God has the power, but in this other He has not? That sign, indeed, was for the Egyptians only; but this sign was given to the whole world. Which is more difficult, 0 you Jews, for a virgin to give birth, or for a rod to be changed into a living thing?
You confess that under Moses a perfectly straight rod, being changed into a serpent, struck with fear him who had cast it, so that he who held it fled from it as from a serpent; for it truly was a serpent; but he fled, not because he was afraid of what he held, but in dread of Him who had changed it.
The rod had the fangs and eyes of a serpent; now if eyes that see are produced from a rod, cannot a child be born of a virgin's womb at God's will? I pass over the fact that the rod of Aaron brought forth in one night that which other trees do not produce in many years. For who does not know that a rod, when it has lost its bark, will never germinate, even if planted in the midst of rivers? But since God is not a servant of the nature of trees, but rather the creator of their nature, the fruitless, dry and barkless rod flowered and blossomed and brought forth almonds. For the sake of the typical high-priest God gave fruit, beyond nature, to the rod. Can it be that He would not allow a virgin to bear a child, for the sake of the true High-priest?
(29) These are goodly arguments to recall; but the Jews still object; they do not assent to the statements about the rod, unless they are persuaded by similar marvelous and praeternatural births. Therefore, question them thus: "Of whom was Eve begotten in the beginning? What mother conceived her who had no mother?" But Scripture says she was born from Adam's side. Now then, if Eve was born, without
ST. CYRIL OF JERUSALEM
a mother, from the side of a man, may not a child be born, without a man, from the womb of a virgin? A debt of gratitude was due from womankind; for Eve was begotten of Adam, not conceived of a mother, but, as it were, brought forth from man alone. Mary, then, paid the debt of gratitude when, not of man, but immaculately of her own self, she conceived of the Holy Spirit by the power of God.
(30) But let us take something more impressive. The production of bodies from bodies, though strange is, nevertheless, possible. For the dust of the earth to become man is still more wonderful. For a mass of clay to take on the vesture and splendor of eyes is surely more wonderful. For simple dust to issue forth at once into firm bones, soft lungs, and various other members, is a wonderful thing. For dust to become animated and traverse the earth by its own motion, and build houses, is a wonderful thing. For clay to teach and speak, and be a craftsman and a king, is wonderful. Whence, o most ignorant Jews, was Adam made? Did not God take the dust of the earth and fashion that marvelous frame? Is it possible for clay to be changed into an eye, but not for a virgin to bear a son? Can it be that what, as men think, is impossible, comes to pass rather than that which is of itself possible?
(31) Let us remember these things, brethren, and use them as weapons of defense. Let us not endure the heretics who teach that Christ's coming was in appearance only. Let us abhor too those who say that the birth of the Savior was from a man and a woman, daring to assert that He was begotten of Joseph and Mary, because it is written: "He took unto him his wife."llo For let us recall Jacob who, before he received Rachel, said to Laban: "Give me my wife."ll1 For just as she before the marriage state was called the wife of Jacob, so Mary also, because of her betrothal, was called the llO Matt. 1.26. lli Gen. 29.21.
CA TECHESIS XII
wife of Joseph. Note the exactness of the Gospel, when it says: "Now in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a town of Galilee, called Nazareth, to a virgin betrothed to a man named Joseph,"112 and what follows.
Again, when the enrolling took place, and Joseph went up to be enrolled, what does the Scripture say? "And Joseph also went up from Galilee ... to register together with Mary his espoused wife, who was with child."113 For though she was with child, it does not say "with his wife," but "with his espoused wife." For: "God sent his Son," Paul says, not born of a man and a woman, but "born of a woman"114 only, that is, of a virgin. We have already shown that a virgin is also called a woman. For He who makes virgin souls was born of a virgin.
(32) But you wonder at the event; she who bore Him also wondered, and said to Gabriel: "How shall this happen, since I do not know man?"115 But he says: "The Holy Spirit shall come upon thee, and the power of the Most High shall overshadow thee; and therefore the Holy One to be born of thee shall be called the Son of God."116 His generation was pure and undefiled; for where the Holy Spirit is, there all defilement has been taken away; unsullied was the birth in the flesh of the Only-begotten from the Virgin. If the heretics deny the truth, the Holy Spirit will convict them; the overshadowing power of the Most High will be wroth; in the day of judgment Gabriel will confront them face to face; the place of the manger which received the Lord will put them to shame. The shepherds will bear witness, who then received the good tidings; and the army of the angels praising and saying: "Glory to God in the highest, and peace on earth among men of good Will";117 and the temple, into which He
112 Luke 1.26, 27.
113 Luke 2.4,5.
114 Gal. 4.4.
115 Luke 1.34.
116 Ibid. 35.
117 Luke 2.14.
ST. CYRIL OF JERUSALEM
was brought on the fortieth day; and the pair of turtle doves offered for Him; and Simeon, who then took Him into his arms; and the prophetess, Anna, who was present.
(33) Therefore, since God bears witness and the Holy Spirit adds His testimony, and Christ says: "Why do you seek to put me to death," a man "who has spoken the truth to yoU?"118 let the heretics who deny His manhood be silent; for they speak against Him who said: "Feel me and see; for a spirit does not have flesh and bones, as you see I have."119
Let the Lord born of the Virgin be worshiped, and let the virgins recognize the crown of their own state. Let the order of Solitaries also acknowledge the glory of chastity; for we men are not deprived of the dignity of chastity. The Savior passed the nine months period in the womb of the Virgin; but the Lord was a man for thirty-three years; so that if a virgin glories because of the nine months, so much the more may we glory because of the many years.
(34) But let us all, by the grace of God, run the race of chastity, "young men too, and maidens, old men and boys,"120 not pursuing wantonness but praising the name of Christ. Let us be conscious of the glory of chastity, for its crown is angelic and its perfection above man. Let us respect our bodies, which are to shine as the sun; let us not for the sake of a little pleasure defile so great and noble a body; for the sin is fleeting and of the passing hour, but the shame lasts many years and forever. Those who live chastely are as angels walking upon the earth; the virgins have their portion with Mary the Virgin. Let all vain ornament be put aside, and every harmful glance, all wanton gait and flowing robe and perfume enticing to pleasure. Let the perfume for all be the prayer of sweet odor and good works, and the sanctification of our bodies, that the Lord born of the Virgin may say of us also, both the men who practice chastity and the women
118 John 7.20; 8.40.
119 Luke 24.39.
120 Ps. 148.12.
CA TECHESIS XII
who wear its crown: "I will dwell and move among them, I will be their God and they shall be my people,"121 to whom be glory forever and ever. Amen.
121 2 Cor. 6.16.
INDICES
GENERAL INDEX
(This index mainly covers the actual translations from St. Cyril and the notes that accompany them. The indexing of the Introduction has concentrated upon the proper names. In general, the authors and works named in the Select Bibliography are not indexed.)
28, 136, 161; Alexandrian(s), 6 n., 8, 11.
Alexandrine school, 5, 6; traAaron, Ill, 202; repentant sinner, 101; rod of, 245.
Abel,230.
Abisag the Sunamitess, 240.
Abraham, 149, 173, 175, 177, dition, 8.
Anania, 105-06.
Ancyra, Council of, 19.
Andrewes, Lancelot, 72 n.
Angels, 43, 187 n., 217, 218; 213, 215, 223; example of faith, 141-43; Lord guest of, 236-37.
Absalom, 36, 103,220.
Acacius, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, celebrate salvation, 82; pardoned by God, 102; see God but do not know Him, 151, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 41, 55; Acacian (s), 26, 28, 29, 30; creed, 26, 28.
Achab, 103-04.
Achaz, 227, 240-41.
Acts of the Twelve Apostles, 176; Christ Lord of, 20102; made by Christ, 223, 224; Daniel's vision of Gabriel, 234-35.
Anianus, 28, 29.
Anna, 208, 248.
Antichrists, 126.
Antioch, 15,17, 18, 19,24,28, see Apostles.
Adam, 37, 124, 166, 193, 198, 243; second, 51; cast out from Paradise, 99, 100, 230; Eve begotten from, 245-46.
Adonai, 183.
Adversary, see Devil.
Aelia Gerusalem), 14.
Aeons, 159, 160.
Aetheria, see Egeria.
Aetius, 24; Aetianism, 29 n.; 29 n., 30, 35, 56, 58 n.; Dedication Creed of 25; creed, 26, 28.
Antioch, Council of, 19.
Aphrodite, 122.
Apocalypse, 69 n., 82 n., 102 n., 137 n.
Apolog·etics, 78 n.
Apocryphal books, 135, 136.
Apologists, 6 n.
Apostles, 136, 157, 166, 203, Aetians, 29. aistheta, Plato's, 7.
Alexander of Jerusalem, 17, 212; Acts of the Twelve Apostles, 137, 157; knew Alexandria, 6 n., 15, 18, 21, 18, 135.
INDEX tio contra Arianos, 59 n.; Oratio contra Gentes, 59 n.; Athanasian(s), 21, 22, 40, 41,58.
Augustine, St., 70 n., 76 n., Auses, 202.
Christ and preached His name, 206-07, 209. See also the individual Apostles.
Apostolic Constitutions, 15.
Apparel, doctrine of, 133.
Aquinas, St. Thomas, 40, 42, 43,58.
Archangels, 151, 224.
Archelaus, bishop, 163, 164, Babylon, 101, 104, 135, 206.
Baddas, 166.
Balkans, 24.
Baptism, 74 n., 82, 89; candi165-66.
Areopagite, Pseudo-Denis, 34.
Arian(s), 12, 14, 20, 21, 22, dates for, 69, 70 n., 72 n., 73 n., 81 n., 83 n., 84, 91; preparation for, 69 n., 70 n., 73 n., 84-85, 108-10; waters of, 71, 74, 114, 216; rebap29 n., 33, 35, 38, 41, 45, 76 n., 176 n., 215 n.; controversy, 13; semi-, 13; bishops,
24; Arianism, 32, 40, 41, 59; anti-, 40.
Aristotle, 4, 161; Aristotelian tism, 76; Christ-bearing water, 81; on Easter day, 90; regeneration of, 91; grace given through, 110-11; John author of, 111-13; of Jesus Christ, 114-15, 216, 235; draws death's sting, 115; cleanses sins, 115-16, 11718; wonderful effects of, 115-18.
Barrett, C. K., 49.
Baruch,137.
Basil of Ancyra, vii, 24, 25, 26, language, 42; thoughtforms, 57.
Arius, 13, 15, 19, 172 n.
Arles, Council of, 76 n.
Armenian Lectionary, 3, 11, 34 n.
Ascension of Christ, 4; doctrine of, 125-26.
Asia, 135.
Astrologers, 128.
Athanasius, St., 13, 15 n., 20, 21,27,38,40,44,49,50,54, 55 n., 56, 57, 60 n., 62, 76 n., 172 n.; De synodis, 13 n., 24 n., 25 n., 26 n., 29 n., 58; Historia Arianorum, 26 n.; Symbolum Athanasianum, 50; De decretis Nicaenae synodi 58; Tomus ad An27, 29, 30, 31 n., 54, 55; Letter of B. and George, 25.
Basilides, 158.
Bethlehem, 83 n., 201, 222.
Bethlehem-Ephratha, 239.
Bible, 36,42 n., 53, 57.
Bihain, E., vii, 11, 22, 60.
Birds: created by God, 191.
Blood (baptism in), 114.
Body: purified by baptismal tiochenos, 58; Epistula ad Afros episcopos, 59 n.; Ora-
INDEX
nie Prince), 60.
Chastity, doctrine of, 131; glory of, 248.
Cherub,43.
Cherubim, 186; sculptured images of, 106.
Chrismation, 74 n., 83 n.
Christ: come with glory to water, 110, Ill; created by God, 128, 193,243; doctrine of, 130-33; resurrection of 134; one Lord of, 181; Christ healer of, 204; respect of, 248.
Bonhoeffer, D., 52.
Bright, W., 18.
Buddas, 161.
Bythos, 158-59. judge the living and the dead, 89; crucified and buried, 89; rose from the dead, ascended into heaven, and sits at the right hand of God, 89; passion, death, resurrection, and second coming, 90; Cabrol, Abbot Fernand, 79 n.
Caesarea(n), 6 n., 12, 13-23, 28, 29, 32; text of Gospels, 11, 12.
Cain, 100,230.
Calvary, 233 n.
Candidates for baptism, see made flesh, 89, 227, 229, 234, 243; mysteries of, 91; grace of God given through, 92; difference between Ezechia and, 105; crucified,
Baptism.
Canon (biblical), 137 n.
Canticles, 113, 137.
Capharnaum, 143.
Cappadocia(n), 18, 19,56; the117; in the T es tamen ts, 135; restores Peter's faith, 143; faith in as Lord, 145; heresy concerning, 159-60; ology, 44, 47, 50.
Carpocrates, 158, 175 n.
Cat and dog worship, 154.
Catechizing (pre-baptismal), 77-79; attendance at, 94.
Catechumens, 69 n., 71 n., 75, Bridegroom, 69 n., 73, 109, 118; Redeemer, 103, 144; Savior, 101, 114, 202, 203,204, 212,228,235,237, 246, 248; death and resurrection of, 115-16;
79-80, 81 n., 85,93, 139, 146, 165; derivation of word, 75 n.
Catholic and Apostolic faith, doctrine of the Son of God, 122-23; doctrine of His virgin birth, 123-24; doctrine of His burial, 12425; and baptism, 108, 110, 159, 235; baptized with Holy Spirit and fire, 114; 50; theologians, 51.
Cerinthus, 158, 175 n.
Chadwick, H. 83 n.
Chalcedon, Council of, 60, 208 n.
Charles Edward Stuart (Bon-
INDEX Christ, F., II.
Christians, 155, 163, 177, 178; poured forth blood and water, 1I4; sanctified baptism, 115, 235; name given by Christ, 206, 210.
Church, majesty of, 73, 168; One Lord, 89, 195-210, 2lI, 223; many titles of, 196-98; various forms of, 198; creator of man with God, 198-99; appears to Moses, 199-200; proof of Lordship, 200-01; meaning of His two names, 202-05; gave His name to Chrisattendance at, 94.
Church of Jerusalem, 83 n.
Church of the Resurrection, 77 n., 81 n.
Circumcision, 142, 143.
Claudius, 157.
Clement of Alexandria, 5, 6, tians, 206; Apostles knew and preached His name, 206-07; witnesses of Him, 207-10; faith in Him, 20910; Only-begotten Son of God, 89, 1I6-17, 148, 152, 7, 8, 9, 10, II; Paedagogus, 7 n., II; Stromateis, 7 n., 8 n., 9 n., 10 n.
Clinton, H. F., 30 n.
Clouds: created by God, 18990.
Coleridge, 52.
Communion, Holy, 1.
Confession, 92, 93, 103, 104, 155, 170, 172-73, 174, 175, 176, 180, 182, 195, 196,201,
21I-26, 229, 247;
knows God the Father perfectly,
105, 107, 112, 114-15, II 8.
Confirmation, see Chrisma151; True Christ, 2lI, 228; Son by nature, 211-12, 214, 215; generation of, 213-15, 216-18, 219; called Emmanuel, 219; testimony to Godhead of 219-20; One with the Father, but distinct from, 220-21; begotten eternally, 222-23; all things created through Him, 220, 223-25; Maker of the world, 225-26.
See also Ascension of Christ; Cross of Christ; Incarnation of Christ, Passion of Christ. tion.
Confraternity of Christian Doctrine, 90. consortes imperii, 37.
Constans, 22.
Constantine, 40, 52, 53 n., 56, 72 n.; Sons of, 21 n.
ConstantinopJe, 20, 22, 24, 28, 32, 33, 61, 62.
Constantinople, First Council of, 12, 15, 30, 32, 50, 60, 62.
Constantius, 10, lIn., 22, 23, 24, 26, 29 n., 52.
Constantius II, 40.
Conybeare, F. C., 3 n., 34 n.
INDEX
Procatechesis, vii, 69-85 (transla tion); Catecheses (Lenten Lectures), vii, 1-6 passim, 89-90,91-249 (translation); Homily on the Paraclete, vii, 7, 8, 10, 52; Letter to Constantius, vii, Corinth, 18; Corinthians, 175, 177.
Cornelius, 1l0.
Councils (Synods), see Ancyra, Antioch, Aries, Constantinople, Lateran, Nicaea, Rimini, Seleucia, Serdica, Sirmium, Vatican.
Covenant, 111.
10, 11.
Damascus, 207.
Damasus, Pope, 32, 51.
Daniel, 134, 141, 192, 238, Creation: of all things by God, 187-194, 229; through Christ, 220, 223-26; of man in God's image, 229-30.
Creator, see God, the Creator.
Creed, 35, 75 n., 78 n., 89, 120, 239; book of, 137; vision of the angel Gabriel, 185-86, 234-35.
Darius the Mede, 239.
Darkness: that is light, 81; 146,172 n., 187; see also Faith.
Creeds: 35; of Jerusalem, 2, 3, and light made by the Creator, 188-89; bears witness to Christ, 209.
Daube, D., 73 n.
David, 99, 124, 171, 198, 201, 4, 5, 9, 10, 31, 33, 60, 63 (text),
n.; "Dated Creed," 24; of Antioch, 24 26; Acacian, 26; of Rimini, 28; Nicene, 30, 33, 39, 45, 61, 63 (text), 147 n.; "Niceno - Constantinopo1itan,"
31, 33; "Constantinopolitan," 33, 60, 64 (text); Athanasian, 50; Old Roman, 61.
Cross, F. L., 14 n., 83 n.
Cross: apparition of, 10; of 232, 238, 240; model of repentance, 102-03; Christ son of, 205, 213, 241-43; throne of, 242.
Dekkers, E., 3 n., 83 n.
Demeter, 154.
Demetrius of Alexandria, 18.
Demetrius of Ph ale rum, 135.
Demiurge, 187 n.
Denzinger, R., 24 n., 26 n., 60 Christ, 126, 208; doctrine of,124.
Cubricus, 161-62.
Cyril of Jerusalem, St., Intron., 63 n., 64 n.
Deuteronomy, 136.
Devil, 77, 129, 141, 177, 183, 187 n., 201, 230, 236; author of sin, 97-98; fall from grace, 98-99; disguised as an angel, 119; begotten of duction passim, esp. 21-34 (life), 34-60 (theology); Doctor of the universal Church, 34,41, 51; works-
INDEX Ebion, 175 n.; Ebionites, 158.
Ecclesiastes, 96, 97, 136-37.
Egeria (Aetheria) , her Perewisdom, 159; ruled over by God, 181-82; see also Satan.
Devils, 205, 208, 209, 214.
Dionysus, 154, 244.
Diospolis [=Lydda], 19, 20, grinatio, 3, 73 n., 77 n., 79 n., 83 n.
Egypt, 135, 154 n., 161, 187, 70 n.
Disciples, 200; witnessed Res199, 202, 208, 220; Egyptians, 199, 245.
Eleazar, 136.
Elias, 104, 111, 112,212,237.
Eleusius, 26, 29.
Eleutheropolis, 28.
Eliseus, 125.
Elizabeth, 244.
Elpidius, 31 n.
Emmanuel, 219, 227,228,240.
Enlightenment, 69, 71, 81 n., urrection of Christ, 125; see also Apostles.
Dius, 16.
Doctrine: kept secret from catechumens, 79-80; fundamental Catholic, 89, 120; of God, 121-22; of Christ, 122-23; His virgin birth, 123-24; His cross, 124; His burial, 124-25; His Resurrection, 125; His Ascension,
125-26; of Judgment to come, 126-27; of the Holy Spirit, 127-28; of the Soul, 84.
Enoch,112.
Ephesus, 18. epistcmc, 9.
Ephratha, 222,239.
Epiphanius, St., 12, 21 n., 30; 128-30; of the Body, 13033; of apparel, 133; of the Resurrection, 133-34; of the Holy Scriptures, 135-37; of Father and Son, 200.
Domination, 43.
Door (Christ), 195, 196, 198.
Dove (Holy Spirit), 127, 208.
Dragon, 82-83, 115, 154, 158, Panarion, 15 n.; Haereses, 24 n., 25 n., 28 n., 30 n., 54 n.; Ancoratus, 31, 62.
Epistles, 137, 207; Catholic Epistle, 133; Catholic Epistles of James, Peter, John, and Jude, 137; Epistles of St. Paul, 137, 207; Epistle 236.
Dvornik, F., 14 n. to the Romans, 242.
Esau, 131.
Esdras, books of, 136.
Esther, book of, 136.
Ethiopia, 220.
Eucharist, 69 n.
Eudoxius, 24, 28; Eudoxians, Earth: and ashes, 149; ignorant of generation of the Son, 216-17; man created from slime of, 225.
Easter, 1, 2 n.
27,28,29 n.
INDEX
Firmilianus, 18, 19.
"First-born," 212.
Food, 132-33.
Free will: sin product of, 96.
Euripides, 244 n.
Eusebian(s), 35, 52.
Eusebius, vii, 11, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 55,58 n.; De eccles iastica theologia, 8 n.; Historia ecclesiastica, 16, 17 n.,
18 n., 19 n.
Eusebius of Nicomedia, 15 n., Gabriel: appears to Daniel, 185-86, 234-35; sent to Mary, 202, 208, 242,247.
Galilee, 202, 247.
Gehenna, 106, 129.
Gelasius, Cyril's nephew, 29, 41.
Eustathius, 29, 30, 31 n., 58 n.
Eutychius, 28.
Eve, 166, 193, 230, 235, 243; 30,32.
Generation of the Son from of whom begotten, 245-46.
Evil, 96, 97, 98, 99; good and the Father, 211, 213-15, 21618,219,247.
Genesis, 69 n., 111 n., 136, evil gods, 155-56.
Exodus, 136.
Exorcisms, 77, 94.
Ezechia, 104-05,241.
Ezechiel,98, 137,185, 186.
198.
Gentiles, 78, 133, 163,209.
George of Laodicea, 24, 28, 31 n.; Letter of Basil and, 25.
Germanio, 17.
Gethsemane, 209.
Gifford, E. H., 2 n.
Gnosis, 6-11.
Gnosticism, 76 n., 82 n., 172 Fables, Greek, 244.
Faith, 92, 120, 123, 177, 211; Articles of, 89; dignity of, 139-40; shield of, 141; examples from Scripture, 14144; power of, 143; has two meanings, 145; doctrine of, n., 173 n.
God: generous and kind, 70; 146-47; treasure of life, 147; in Christ, 209-10; see also Creed.
Fasting, 132.
Father, see God, the Father.
Fenton, J. C., 72 n.
Ferguson, John, 70 n.
Fig, ceremony of, 161, 167.
Fire: as a purifying agent, 77; faithful and just, 75; reader of hearts, 77, 84; bestowing grace, 93; the Physician, 99; loving-kindness of in granting pardon for sins, 99-107, 117, 134 ; faithful, 139; also, 6, 7, 8, 10, 26, 29 n., 34, 37, 57.
Omnipotent, 89, 180-184; doctrine of One God, 12122; known only by Son and sin burns as, 97; Christ baptizes with, 114; created by God, 154, 187.
INDEX 213, 227, 229; testimony of Christ's Godhead, 219-20.
Gold, 77, 182.
Golgotha, 91, 124, 126, 145, Holy Spirit, 151; Lord of body and soul, 181.
Unity of God, 89, 148-69, 170; glorification of, 149, 150; neither men nor angels can know Him, 151; titles and attributes of, 152-53; incomprehensibility of, 15354; forsaken by idolaters, 154; blasphemed by heretics, 155-56; of good and evil, 155-56; heresies concerning, 156-68.
God, the Creator, 89, 92, 96, 209,233 n.
Gomorrah, 199.
Gordius, 17.
Gospel text in the Catecheses, 11-12.
Goths, 209.
Grace, 93, 109, IlO, II 3, Il5, Il6, 145, 164; given through baptismal water, Ill; twofold, 118.
Gratian, 29.
Greek: Trilogy, 56; Fathers, 150, 185-94, 217, 245; not to be seen, 185-86; power shown in His works, 186; His nature incomprehensible to man, 186; of the universe, 187-93; of the human body, 193; praise of, 193-94; through the Son, 220, 22326; of man in His image, 225, 229-30.
God, the Father, 89, 127; of 57; mystery religions, 69 n.; fables, 244.
Greeks, 78, 83 n., 120, 137, 154, 155, 158, 167, 180, 204, 239.
Gospel (s), Il2, 165, 203, 227; Fourth, 7, 49; preached after baptism, Il6; according to Thomas, 137, 166.
Greenlee, J. H., 11.
Gregory of Nazianzus, 32.
Gregory of Nyssa, 37 n. men by adoption, Il7, 17476, 177, 213, 215, 222; of Christ, 122-23, 148, 155, 156, 170-79, 180, 195-96, 200-01, 211-226; by nature, 2Il, 212, 214, 215; begetting of the Son, 213-15, 216-18, 219; one with the Son but distinct from, 220-21; is timeless beginning of the Son, 222-23; Maker of the world through the Son, 22326.
Godhead, 155, 199, 206, 211, Habacuc, 240.
Halton, T., 69 n.
Healer (Christ), 204.
Heathens, 165.
Heaven: created by God, 121, 187, 225; three heavens, 149; ignorant of generation of the Son, 217.
Hebraic thinking, 48.
INDEX
13, 21 n., 22, 24, 26, 29 n., 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 40, 42, 45, 46 n., 50, 52, 55, 56, 58, 60 n., 61, 62.
Hope: Cyril's emphasis on, Hebrew(s), 203, 204; categories, 36.
Heilsgeschichte, 34 n.
Helena, 157.
Helenus of Tarsus, 19.
Hell, 181,225.
Hephaestus, 154.
Heraclius, 17,21,22.
Heresy, 78, 121, 127 n., 183, 84 n.
Hort, F. J. A., 15, 19, 30, 33, 61,63 n.
Hosius, Spanish theologian, 56.
Hymenaeus of Jerusalem, 17 223; concerning Unity of God, 155-68.
Heretics, 83 n., 1I8 n., 129, n.,18.
Hypocrisy, 92, 93, 1I3.
Hyssop, 108, III.
152 n., 170, 173, 175, 180, 181, 183, 187, 188, 196 n., 197, 243; and baptism, 76; and Unity of God, 155-68; deny Christ's incarnation, 228, 246, 247, 248; see also names of heretics, e.g., Mani, Marcion, Simon Magus, Valentinus, etc.
Hermas, 166.
Herod,204,232,238,239.
Herodotus, 89.
High Priest (Christ), 197, 202, Idolatry, 122, 154, 181.
Incarnation of Christ, 10, 123, 199 n., 227-49; belief in His manhood, 227, 234, 236; rejected by Jews, 228, 234,
236, 240-41, 242, 244, 245, 246; denied by heretics, 228, 246, 247, 248; reasons for His coming, 229-31, 235-36; manner of His coming, 23134; time of His coming, 23739; place of His coming, 239-40; His virgin birth, 240-49.
Irenaeus, St., 6 n.
Isaac, 142, 173,215.
Isaia, 104, 105, 124, 134, 174, 204-05,206.
Hilary, St., De synodis, 24 n.; Liber ad Constantium Augustum, 25 n.; Fragmenta,
26 n.
Holy Spirit, see Spirit.
Holy Week, 3.
Homoean, 29. homoios, 55. homoiousios (Homoeousian and other derivatives), 13, 22 n., 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31 n., 40, 52, 53 n., 58 homoousios (and derivatives), 175, 203, 205, 220, 228, 240, 241, 242; book of, 137.
Israel, 53 n., 101, Ill, 136, 148,201, 212,213,219,220, 222, 230, 231, 239; new, 51, 53 n.
Israelites, 152, 206,232.
INDEX jacob, 173, 179,219,236,246; John, St., 47, 48, 49, 223, 227, his ladder, 7; prophesies coming of Christ, 237-38. james, St., the Apostle, 133. jeremia, 112, 137, 143, 205, 229; Johannine writings, 69 n.
John the Baptist, 89, 94 n., 108, 124, 175, 177,207,208, 214; author of baptism and link between the Testaments, 111-13, 114, 116.
John of Jerusalem, viii, 70 n.
Jona, 5, 125, 163.
Jordan, 74 n., 82 n., Ill, 112, 212,243. jericho, 203.
Jeroboam, 104.
Jerome, St., 2, 3, 12, 18 n., 21, 22, 32, 50, 51; De viris illustribus} 2 n., 18 n., 34 n.; Contra Ioannem Hierosolymitanum} 3; Chronicon} 21 n.,33.
Jerusalem (and its church), 6, 115, 203, 208, 235.
Joseph (foster father of Christ), 175,202,203; Mary his espoused wife, 246-47.
Joseph (son of Jacob), 182.
Josue, 136.
10, 13, 16, 20, 22,23,28, 62, 70 n., 71 n., 81 n., 82 n., 85 n., 104, 112, 117, 124, 136, 152, 173, 207, 233, 237, 238-39, 240; liturgy of, 3; creed of, see Creeds.
Jerusalem creed, 63-64, 124 n.
Jesse, 242.
Jesus: meanings of the name, jovian, 29, 30.
Jud~ 19~ 22~ 231, 237, 23& 239.
Judaism, 137, 161.
Judaea, 18, 161,201.
Judas, 160, 177,209.
Judges, book of, 136.
Judgment, 141, 146; doctrine 202-204.
Jews, 5, 78, 83 n., 125, 142, of judgment to come, 12627.
Julian, 29,30.
Julius, Pope, 21.
Justin Martyr, 157 n.
157, 167, 199 n., 200, 203, 206, 223, 232, 237; believe in One God but not as Father of Christ, 170-71, 196; denied Christ, 180, 204-05; reject Christ's incarnation, 228, 234, 236,
240-41, 242, 244, 245, 246.
Jezebel, 104.
Job, 115, 153, 175, 183, 189, Kelly, J. N. D., Early Christian Creeds} 60, 62.
Kings, books of, 136,240.
Koine, 72 n.
Lanan, 246.
Lamentations, 137.
225, 243; book of, 136.
INDEX
Manhood of Christ, see Incar- "Lamp," 205.
Lampe, G. W. H., Patristic nation.
Mankind: created by Christ Greek Lexicon, vii, 60 n.
Laodicea, George of, 24.
Lateran Council, Fourth, 51.
Laver of baptism, 110, Ill, with God, 198-99; created in God's image, 225, 22930; generation of, 230; wounds of, 231; fashioned of dust and clay, 246.
Marcel, Gabriel, 84 n.
Marcellus, 41.
Marcion, 118 n., 121 n., 158, 134, 138, 143.
Lazarus, 99, 144.
Lebon, Msgr. J., 40,42,44.
Lent, 1, 3, 4, 120.
Leo XIII, Pope, 34.
Leonas, 28.
Leviathan, 82 n.
Leviticus, 136.
Liberius, Pope, 26, 30, 31.
Light, 69 n., 209; and dark173 n.
Mark, and Basil of Ancyra, 26,27.
Marriage, 131-32, 133.
Marriage-feast, see Weddingfeast.
Martyrs, 114.
Mary, 175, 203, 208, 242, 246ness made by the Creator, 188-89.
Limbo, 124 n.
Lion, 82 n., 154; devil as, 119; 47,248; see also Virgin.
Matrimony, see Marriage.
Maurist editors, 97 n.
Maximus, 19,20,21,22,32.
Meats, 132-33.
Medes, 242.
Meister, K., 3 n.
Melchisedec, 202, 205.
Meletius of Antioch, St., 30, Christ called, 197.
Logos, 38,47.
Luke, St., 175.
Lydda, see Diospolis.
Macarius, 14, 15, 17 n., 19,20, 21.
Macedon, 135.
"Macedonian(s)," 30,31; anti-, 31 n., 32, 55.
Melitene, 31 n.
Melitius of Antioch, see Mele22.
Macedonius, 22, 24, 27, 29.
Maclean, J. A., 3 n., 34 n.
Magnentius, 22.
Mammon, 108.
Manasses, 104.
Mani, 76 n., 121 n., 155 n., tius.
Menander, 158.
Mesopotamia, 163. metropolis, 13, 15.
Michea, 222, 239.
Milton, 42 n., 47.
Mithras, 161.
Money, 182-183.
160-66.
Manichaeans, 76 n., 137, 161, 166-68, 181 n.
INDEX Montanus, 58.
Moon, 122, 189.
Moses, 101, 112, 152, 174, 187, Creeds; see also Nicene.
Nicaean(s), 13, 21, 28, 41.
Nicene, 12, 17 n., 20, 31, 40, 46, 50, 52, 58; ante- (pre-), 17 n., 23; anti-, 22.
Night, 188-89.
Nile, 82 n.
Noe, 80, 100, 111. noeta, Plato's., 7.
Novatians, 76 n.
Numbers, book of, 136.
Nun, 136.
202, 205, 206, 219, 230,234, 237; rod of, 134, 245; books of, 136; Christ appears to, 199-200; chair of, 242.
Mount, see Olives, Mount of; Sinai, Mount; Tabor, Mount.
Mustard seed, 145, 146.
Mysteries, 75, 79, 83, 165; mysterion, 70 n.
Mystery religions, Greek, 69 Old Testament, 5, 6, 8, 9, 53, n.
90, 141, 163, 164, 198, 199 n.; Semitic categories, 35; books of, 136-37; see also Testaments.
Olive tree, spiritual, 93.
Olives, Mount of, 103, 126, N aboth, 104.
Nabuchodonosor, 182; as example of repentance, 10607; statue of, 238.
Narcissus, bishop, 16, 17, 18.
Nathan, 102-03.
Nautin, P., 12 n., 34 n.
Nave, 203.
Nazareth,247.
Nectarius, 32.
Neonas of Seleucia, 29.
Nestorius, 208 n.
New Testament, 5, 8, 9, 16, 209,233.
Olympiad, 239.
Omnipotence of God, see God.
Origen, vii, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 15, 18, 44, 47, 71 n., 102 n.; In Iohannem 7 n.; In Ieremiam (frg.), 15 n.; De principiis, 38 n.; Contra Celsum, 54 n.; Origenist tra46, 91; christology, 35; gospels of, 137; see also Testaments.
Newman, J. H., Cardinal, ix, dition, 35. ousia, 25, 27, 45, 50, 51, 55, 56.
Pagan(s), 78 n., 85 n., 155; 59.
Nicaea, Council of, 19, 20, 27, atmosphere, 137 n.
Palestine, 5, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 34, 40, 46, 51, 52 n., 55, 58, 76 n.; its canons---4th and 6th, 15; 7th, 14,20,23; 19th, 24; creed of Nicaea, see 21 n., 23, 30, 72 n., 161.
Palestinian: Syriac, 12; bishops, 18,21; court, 23.
INDEX
phOtizomenoi, 1, 2,71 n.
Physician (God), 99; (Christ), Papadopoulos, A., 62.
Paradise, 69 n., 81, 82, 92, 99, 100, 154,230.
Paralipomenon, books of, 136.
Parents, honor paid to, 178204,227,231.
Pistis, 8, 10.
Plato, 7, 48; Platonic-Aristotelian conception, 9; Platonism, Middle, 47; Platonic
"form," thoughtforms, 57.
Polytheism, 154, 183.
Pontius Pilate, 147.
Powers of Darkness, 83 n.
Prestige, G. L., 60 n.
Probus, emperor, 160. proairesis, 73 n.
Prophets, 196, 199, 203, 205, 79.
Passion of Christ, 122.
Patripassionism, 46.
Patrophilus of Scythopolis, 20,21.
Paul, St., 75, 114, 131, 139, 164, 165, 175, 177, 199,209, 215,236,242,243,247; and deception of Simon Magus, 157-58; knew Christ and preached His name, 206-07.
Paul of Samosata, 18, 22, 56, 228,231.
Proverbs, 136.
Psalms, 136, 171,239,243.
Pseudo-Denis the Areopagite, 123 n.
Paulianists, 76 n.
Pelagius, 70 n.
Pentateuch, 78 n.
Persia(n), 161, 162, 163, 209, 34.
Ptolemy Philadelphus, 135.
242.
Perler, 0., 39, 44.
Petau, D. 28 n.
Peter, St., 107, 163, 207, 209, Qumran community, 6 n., 69 n., 73 n.
212; as example of repentance, 107; and baptism, 110-11, 117; faith of, 143; and deception of Simon Magus, 157-58.
Pharan, 240.
Pharao, 111.
Pharisees, 242.
Pharos, 136.
Philip, 221.
Philo judaeus, 89.
Philostorgius, 25,29.
Phoenix, 89.
Ra,chel, 246.
Rahab, 100-01,203.
Rain, 150, 168, 169, 232; created by God, 189.
Reischl, W. K., vii, 97 n.
Remission of sins, 89, 94, 96, 105, 107, 109, 115, 118.
Repentance, 96, 97, 99, 109, 113, 131, 134, 169; examples of,100-07.
Resurrection, 4, 5, 6; of the flesh, 89; doctrine of Resurrection of Christ, 125; doc-
INDEX Scriptures, 6, 7, 9, 24, 75, 77, trine of resurrection, 13334.
Reuben, 212.
Richards, 1. A., 35.
Riches, 140, 182.
Rimini, Council of, 24, 26, 28.
Roman Empire, 149.
Romans, 237,238, 242.
Rome, 15, 18, 157.
Royal Road, the, 47.
Rupp, J., vii, 97 n.
Ruth, 136.
78 n., 90, 140,181, 189, 192, 236; false interpretation of, 120; as source of doctrines, 127-28; doctrine of, 135-37; confirm doctrine of faith, 146; say nothing of generation of the Son, 218; prophecy Christ's coming, 229; see also Testaments.
Scythianus, 161.
Sea, 225, 235; created by God, 191.
Se1eucia, Councils of, 24, 25, Sabaoth (Lord), 152, 183.
Sabbaths, 137.
Sabellius, 58, 123 n.; Sabel27,29,30,31,54.
Semei, 103.
Semo Sancus, 157 n.
Separation of men from wolian(s), 41, 46, 49, 76 n.
Sabinus, 30.
Sacrament, 75 n., 115.
Salvation: through repentance of sins, 77-78, 91, 99107; attained through baptism, 82, 114, 115, 138.
Salvation history, 34 n.
Samaria, 82 n., 103.
Samaritans, 6, 78, 83 n., 137, men previous to baptism, 80-81.
Septuagint version, 89, 135 n.
Sepulchre, Holy, 209.
Seraph,43.
Serdica, Council of, 20, 21.
Serpent, 82 n., 84 n., 137, 16566, 168, 235; rod of Moses changed into, 134, 245; Mani compared to, 165-66.
Session of Christ, 4.
Sheep: meekness of, 130; Christ called, 196-97, 198.
Silence, 159.
Silvanus of Tarsus, 23, 25, 29, 167.
Samuel, 124; meaning of, 81.
Sapphira, 164.
Sara, 141, 175,244.
Sardica, see Serdica.
Satan, 70 n.; meaning of name, 98; father of men by deceit, 177; see also Devil.
Scholasticism, 40; Scholastic 30.
Silver, 182.
Simeon, 208, 248.
Simon Bar-Jona, 212.
Simon Magus, 71, 76 n., 82 n., thinking, 48.
Schwarz, E., 33, 62, 64 n.
Scots, 60.
Scribes, 242.
INDEX
Sozomen (church historian), II 3, 155 n., 161; inventor of heresy, 156-57.
Sin, 128, 134, 204; enormity 12, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 n., 30 n., 31, 32, 40, 46, 52, 58, 62.
Spirit, Holy, 2 n., 4, 16, 31, of, 96-97; origin of, 97-99; remedy for, 99-100; washed away by baptismal water, 35, 49, 50, 55, 69, 71, 74, 75, 77, 89, 92, 108, 123, 131, 133, 136, 143, 157, 162, 174, 176, 182,203,207,216,243, 248; communication of, 94; received in baptism, 109, II 4, 1I5-16, 1I8; forgiven in baptism, 117; Christ died for man's sins, 124; body not cause of, 130-31, 193.
Sinai, Mount, Ill, 157, 234,
1I2, 1I3, 114, 116, 117, 118;
doctrine of, 127-28; gives faith as a grace, 145; together with Christ knows God perfectly, 151; says nothing of generation of the Son, 218; Christ born of Virgin and, 228, 246, 247. spoudaioi, 1.
Stanley, A. P., 15 n.
Stars, 128, 148, 150; created 237.
Sinners who repented and were saved, examples of, 100-07.
Sion, 231, 232.
Sirmium, Councils of, 24, 26, 27,28,31 n.
Socrates (church historian), 12, 13, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26 n., 27, 29 n., 30, 31, 32, 40, 46, 47, 55 n., 58, 62.
Sodom, 199, 230.
Sofia, see Serdica.
Solitaries, order of, 131,248.
Solomon, 103, 171, 186, 232, by God, 189.
Stendahl, K., 6, 71 n.
Stevenson, J., 76 n.
Stone (Christ), 197.
Sun, 121, 122, 124, 150, 156, 241-42.
Son of God, see Christ.
Sons of God: by adoption, 189, 209, 223; created by God, 187-88,217, 229.
Syria, 21 n,
1I7, 174, 177,213,215,222.
Song of Songs, 69 n.
Sophronius, 29.
Soul, 95, 108, 1I8, 131, 133, Tabitha, 163.
Tabor, Mount, 237.
Tehom, 82 n.
Telfer, W., 1 n., 4, 12 n., 14 138, 181, 204; purified with exorcism, 77; spiritual regeneration of, 92, Ill; receives Holy Spirit in bapn., 16,76 n.
Terebinthus, 161.
Tertullian, 70 n.
Testaments, 127, 135-37, 146, tism, 109, 110; doctrine of, 128-30.
INDEX Valens, 29, 31.
Va1entinian(s), 30, 123 n., 172 158, 173, 225; link between Old and New, Ill, ll8, 208; see also Scriptures.
Testimonies concerning n., 173 n., 198 n.
Valentinus, 158, 159.
Vatican Council, First, 34.
Very God, 215, 219, 220, 222, Christ, 207-09.
Theman, 240.
Theoctistus of Caesarea, 18.
Theodoret (church historian), 12, 15 n., 19 n., 23, 25 n., 27, 29 n., 30 n., 32 n.
Theodosius I, 32.
Theophilus of Caesarea, 18. theoria, 7,8.
Theotecnus of Caesarea, 17 223.
Virgin, 123, 205, 235; Christ born of, 227, 228, 229, 24041, 243-44, 247-48; called damsel,240.
Virgin birth, see Incarnation of Christ.
Virgins, order of, 131. n.,18.
Thief, the good (repentant), Water: as an element, 111; created by God, 187, 190.
Waters of baptism, see Bap8,10.
Thomas, St., Apostle,
166.
Three Inseparables, 49.
Tiamat, 82 n.
Tiberias, Sea of, 208.
TiIIemont, L. S. Le Nain de, tism.
Wedding-feast (parable), 69 n., 71-72, 75-76.
Wedding garment, 72, 109.
White, Easter color, 72 n.
Wild beasts, 191.
Wine, 132, 154.
Wings, 152-53.
Wisdom, 159-60,221.
Witnesses to Christ, 207-09.
Wolf: in sheep's clothing, 119; 30.
Timothy of Alexandria, 32.
Torrance, T. F., 11.
Toutee, A. A., vii, 1 n., 38, 41, 76 n., 78 n., 79 n., 83 n.
Trinity, doctrine of, 13, 20, worship of, 154; Mani, 166.
Wolfson, H. A., 13 n., 55 n.
Word of God, 114, 116, 123; 34-60 (passim), 75 n.
Twelve prophets, book of, 137.
Christ begotten as, 216; made of flesh, 227, 229; made man, 228-29. una summa res (at Fourth Lateran Council), 51.
Unity of God, see God. de Urbina, 1. Ortiz, 61.
Zacharia, 238.
Zeus, 155, 159,244.
Zoroastrianism, 69 n.
Vailhe, S., 14 n., ]9.
INDEX
INDEX OF HOLY SCRIPTURE
(BOOKS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT)
Genesis Exodus l.l: 74,77,82 1.2: III 1.6: 187
1.11: 154
1.15: 189
1.24: 191
1.26: 198, 225, 230 1.27: 199
2.7: 77
2.28: 57
3.15: 82, 168 4.1: 230
4.7: 82
4.12: 100
7.7-9, 13: 80
15.6: 141
17.5: 142
18.27: 149
19.24: 199
29.21: 246
32.30: 237
49.4: 213
49.8: 237
49.9: 197
49.10: 237
49.11: 238
3.2,6: 199
3.14: 55
4.22: 212
9.23,24: 187
12.9: 227
14.21: 241
17.6: 241
20.12: 178
20.19: 234
21.17: 178
32.4: 101
33.13: 199
33.17: 200
33.19: 200
33.20: 185, 199 33.22: 200,227 34.5,6: 199
34.5-7: 200
34.8: 200
34.9: 200
Leviticus 4.5: 202
Numbers 13.7: 202
INDEX 4 Kings (2 Kings) 19.35: 105
20.1: 105
20.2,3: 105
20.11: 241
25.7: 106
Deuteronomy 4.15: 152
4.24: 163
5.16: 178
5.26: 234
9.20: 101
14.1: 213
18.15: 237
22.27: 240
32.6: 174
2 ParaH pomenon (2 Chronicles) 33.12, 13: 104
Josue Job 2.11: 101
3.1: 203
6.20: 203
6.25: 203
14.1: 203
5.8,9: 183
9.8: 225
10.10,11: 243
11.7: 153
11.11: 193
12.8: 216
26.8: 190
26.16: 175
36.27: 150
37.10: 190
37.16: 189
37.22,23: 184
38.2,3: 185
38.11: 191
38.14: 225
38.17: 225
38.28: 189
38.29: 190
38.37: 189, 190 39.26: 191
40.18: 115
40.19: 181
40.23: 82
40.26: 115
41.13: 115
41:82
1 Kings (1 Samuel) 1.12-14: 81
2.6: 163
2 Kings (2 Samuel) 11.2: 102
12.1 if.: 102
12.13: 102
12.14: 103
16.11: 103
3 Kings (1 Kings) 1.4: 240
8.27: 232
13.6: 104
19.10: 231
19.31: 237
21.29: 104
INDEX 87.6: 197
88.27,28: 171
88.30: 171,241 88.36-38: 241
88.37,38: 171
90.13: 82
93.II: 139
95.11: 108
101.10: 103
103.15: 154, 190 103.24: 194
103.25: 191
105: 37:230
107.5: 180
109.1: 126,201,216 109.3: 171,214 109.4: 205
113.3: 235
118.91: 182
II8.103: 192
125.5: 132
131.6: 240
131.11: 241
131.16: 239
131.17: 205
134.7: 190
138.8: 180
138.12: 81
143.5: 231
146.4: 150
147.16: 190
148.4: 217
148.5: 220,225 148.12: 248
150.6: 150
Psalms (the enumeration of the Septuagint and Vulgate is used) 2.2: 171
2.7: 170,196,213,238 2.9: 238
5:10: 163
6.7: 103
7.10: 92, 139 8.4: 121
10.3: 141
13.3: 230
13.7: 231
16.8: 152
17:10: 232
18.3: 188
18.6: 188
22.1-3: 95
23.7: 209
30.20: 99
31.1: 82,91 31.5: 100
33.4: 149
44.7: 219
44.8: 219
44.11: 177
45.11: 80,94 49.18: 177
51.10: 93
67.5,6: 176
71.5: 171,232 71.6: 232
73.13, 14: 82
73.14: 115
79.2: 183
79.18, 19: 231
80.6: 75
81.6: 213
86.4: 101
Proverbs 4.25: 97
5.3: 120
INDEX 7.14: 219,240 9.5,6: 242
9.7: 242,243 11.10: 242
19.1: 202
25.8: 236
26.19: 134
27.1: 82
30.15: 105
35.4-6: 234
38.2,3: 105
40.3: 108
40.9, 10: 231
40.12: 121,176 40.22: 149,176 44.17: 154
45.7: 164, 188 45.14: 220
45.14, 15: 220
45.16,17: 148
47.13: 128
47.14: 128
49.1: 204
49.2: 204
49.13: 108
51.2: 175
51.6: 217
51.9: 82
53.7: 196
53.8: 213
61.10: 109
62.11: 203
63.16: 175'
63.19: 185
64.7: 174
65.15, 16: 206
66.9: 171
66.18: 232
66.18, 19: 232
5.22: 91
6.6: 192
6.8: 192
6.27: 97
7.3: 147
17.6: 140,182 20.6: 139
24.32: 103
30.21,22: 162
Ecclesiastes 7.29: 96
10.4: 97
Canticle of Canticles 1.3: 109
1.9: 139
3.5: 113
4.1,2: 118
4.2: 139
4.3: 139
8.5: 118
Wisdom 13.5: 186, 194 Sirach (Ecclesiasticus) 3.20,21: 150
3.22: 222
Isaia 1.6: 231
1.16: 91
3.14: 234
4.4: 117
7.9: 141
7.10, 14: 227
7.11: 241
INDEX
Jeremia 10.18: 235
1.5:243
12.2: 134
2.21: 96,129 2.27: 176
Osee 4.4: 143
2.22: 244
8.1: 106
4.2: 230
32.18,19: 18
9.12: 244
Baruch Amos 2.24, 25: 106
2.8: 231
3.36-38: 219
4.13: 205
3.38: 229
Jona Ezechiel 1.12: 163
1.6 If.: 186
1.28: 185
Michea 18.20,21: 96
5.2: 222, 239, 244 18.31: 91
7.2: 230
28. 12-15: 98
28.17: 98
Habacuc 3.2: 240
Daniel 3.3: 240
2.34: 238
Sophonia (Zephaniah) 2.44: 238
3.27,29: 106
3.14,15: 117
3.55: 186
Aggai 3.100: 182
4.31: 107
2.9: 182
6.18: 192
6.23: 141
Zacharia 6.24: 141
2.10, 11: 232
9.25: 239
4.10: 153
10.5-18: 186
9.9: 233
10.6: 235
14.4: 233
10.11: 235
10.12-19: 235
Malachia 10.16,17: 235
3.1: 231
INDEX
(BOOKS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT)
10.5: 203
10.16: 197
10.28: 181
10.29: 174
10.34: 164
10.37: 178
11.3: 125
11.5: 208
11.11: 111,112 11.13: 111
11.27: 39, 123, 151, 173, 195, 201,216 11.28: 91
12.29: 181
12.32: 127
13.13: 164
13.15: 129,164 13.43: 179
14.16-21: 208
14.29: 143
14.31: 143
14.32: 143
16.13: 197,212 16.14: 212
16.16: 212
16.17: 212
16.19: 157
17.2: 200
17.5: 216
17.6: 200
17.19: 145
18.10: 151,176 18.16: 125
18.19: 157
19.21: 183
20.30: 242
Matthew -: 6 and n.15
1.1: 213
1.11: 11
1.16: 197
1.20,21: 203,204 1.21: 197
1.23: 219
1.25: 175
1.26:246
2.2,4: 232
2.6: 222
2.13: 202
2.14: 208
3.5: 112
3.6: 112
3.7: 113, 160 3.10: 98, 113 2.11: 114
3.13: 203,208 3.17: 116,196,197,216 3.20: 162
4.11: 201
5.16: 178,210 5.17: 135,207 5.28: 168
5.45: 158, 168 5.48: 153
6.8: 178
6.9: 174
6.24: 121
6.26: 174
7.6: 164
7.15: 119
8.26,27: 208
9.2,6: 144
INDEX Luke 21.9: 242
21.19: 213
21.31: 114,203 22.1-14: 71
22.9, 10: 109
22.12: 109
23.2: 242
23.27: 153
24.2: 203
24.4: 120
24.5: 126
24.15: 126
24.30: 10, 197 24.40: 12
25.21: 92
25.23: 109
25.29: 164
25.35: 183
25.36: 183
25.41: 164
26.49: 160
26.53: 235
27.33: 209
27.45: 209
27.60: 209
28.7: 202
-: 11
1.16: 202
1.26,27: 247
1.27: 208
1.27-38: 208
1.32: 242
1.34: 247
1.35: 247
1.44: 112
1.45: 244
2.4,5: 247
2.7: 208
2.10,11: 201
2.11: 197,198 2.14: 247
2.33: 175
2.36-38: 208
2.38-41: 208
2.49: 173
3.11: 113
3.22: 116,208 3.23: 159
4.6: 183
4.34: 214
4.41: 205
9.30,31: 237
10.18: 98
10.19: 115
12.28: 158
12.49: 163
13.10: 164
15.7: 91
16.9: 92
16.16: 111
17.5: 144
17.34: 12
Mark -: 11
1.1,4: 112
1.24:208
3.17: 208
3.23: 177
5.7: 214
9.23: 144,204 10.38: 114
11.23: 145
17.5: 208
INDEX 8.38: 216
8.39: 177
8.40: 248
8.41: 177
9.49: 173
8.56: 223
8.58: 223
8.59: 231
10.7: 198
10.9: 171, 195 10.11: 196
10.30: 36,44,57,220 11.34: 144
11.39: 144
11.40: 144
12.13: 209,242 14.6: 171,195,196 14.9: 49, 221 14.11: 49,220 15.1: 198
15.1, 4,5, 6: 93
15.10: 173
15.24: 234
17.5: 176,223 17.10: 225
17.24: 223
17.25: 158
18.8: 163
19.5: 205
19.26: 175
19.27: 175
20.17: 174,221,222 23.45: 209
24.39: 248
John -: 11,12 1.1: 116, 216, 227 1.3: 217,223,224 1.10:225
1.11: 225,232 1.12: 177
1.12, 13: 215
1.14: 214,227,229 1.15:208
1.18: 151,176,185 1.23: 109
1.33: 116
2.16: 173
3.5: 110,216 3.8: 92
3.16: 214
3.18: 145,214 3.36: 195,214 4.24: 213, 214 4.29: 206
5.8: 204
5.14: 204
5.17: 174,224 5.19: 49,224 5.21: 218
5.23: 218
5.24: 145,214 5.26: 218
5.34: 229
5.37: 152
5.43: 228
6.1: 208
6.46: 151,176 7.20: 248
Acts 1.9: 209
1.12: 209
1.24: 77
2.2-4: 114
2.37: 117
INDEX 1 Corinthians 1.9: 75
1.24: 159
2.8: 236
2.9: 153
2.10: 108, 127, 151,218 3.12, 15: 84
4.9: 115
4.15: 175,215 6.9-11: 114
6.18: 57
6.19: 131,243 7.8,9: 132
8.5,6: 195,202 9.22: 198
10.4: 199
10.11: 71
11.3: 219
12.8,9: 145
14.34: 81
15.9: 207
15.27: 201
15.28: 201
15.55: 115
2.38: 117
3.15: II7
5.10: 164
5.15: 209
5.16: 17
7,49: 153
8.9: 82
8.13: 71
8.18,19: 157
8.21: 157
8.32: 196
9.5: 207
9.21: 207
9.36: 164
10.36: 201
10.46: 110
10,48: III
15.8: 77
19.12: 209
Romans 1.3: 242
1.19: 129
1.28: 129
4.11: 142
4.19: 142
5.20: 236
6.3,4: 108
6.5: 116
6.11: 75
6.19: 129
7.16: 128
7.23: 236
8.3: 54
8.17: 117
8.28: 70
11.33: 154
16.18: 120
2 Corinthians 1.3: 148,173 4.3: 164
4,4: 164, 165 4.7: 205
6.7: 116
6.14: 156,168 6.16: 249
11.14: 119
12.2: 149
12.2-4: 158
13.3: 206
INDEX 1 Thessalonians 5.21,22: 169
Galatians 1.8,9: 146
2.11 ff.: 57
2.23: 135
2.24: 135
2 Thessalonians 2.7-12: 83
2.14,15: 147
Ephesians 1 Timothy 1.13: 207
1.14: 207
2.5: 198
2.11, 12: 81
4.3: 133
5.23: 132
6.8: 140
6.13,14: 147
6.15, 16: 147
1.23: 223
2.1: 83
2.1,2: 70
2.10: 96
2.13-18: 57
3.14,15: 170, 173 4.10: 216
4.22: 92
4.24: 92
5.Il: 160
5.26: 111
5.27: 109
6.10-20: 83
6.15: 83
6.16: 141
6.17: 78
2 Timothy 2.8: 242
Hebrews 1.1,2: 2Il, 226 2.8: 201
2.13: 95
2.14: 115
5.5,6: 202
5.14: 120
6.18: 205
7.20,21: 205
7.24: 204
7.26: 198
9.11: 206
9.19: 111
9.26: 213
10.22: 110
11.1,2: 139
11.6: 140
Philippians 2.6-11: 54
2.11: 173
Colossians 1.13: 70
1.16: 201
1.16,17: 225
2.8: 119, 120 2.11,12: 143
2.14: 84
3.9: 113
3.10: 92
3.20: 178
INDEX 11.11: 142
11.13: 203
11.18: 142
11.19: 142
11.26: 199
11.27: 199
11.33: 141
12.9: 178
12.15: 71
12.16: 131
12.21: 234
13.4: 131
13.8: 237
1 John 1.9: 75
2.15: 178
2.19: 71, 157 2.22: 204
2.22,23: 173
2.23: 195
3.8: 98
3.10: 177
5.1: 214
1 Peter 1.17: 178
2.4: 197
2.6: 197
2.9: 70
2.24: 75
5.7: 178
5.8: 82, 119, 160, 197 James 1.17: 172
2.23: 141
Apocalypse (Revelation) 1.18: 197