CHAPTER XXI

CHAPTER XXI

THE ORATION OF CONSTANTINE.

of7 things of that state of life which is intermediate, as it were, between good and evil, and which seldom admits a sudden change : encompass the path of human life, and tranquilize the world by the blessings of peace:

The greedy sailor shall the seas forego; No keel shall cut the waves for foreign ware,

For every soil shall every product bear.

The laboring hind his oxen shall disjoin; No plough shall hurt the glebe, no pruning-hook the vine;

Nor wool shall in dissembled colors shine:

But the luxurious father of the fold, With native purple, and unborrow'd gold, Beneath his pompous fleece shall proudly sweat;

And under Tyrian robes the lamb shall bleat.

Mature in years, to ready honors move, O of celestial seed, O foster son of Jove!

See, laboring nature calls thee to sustain The nodding frame of heaven, and earth, and main!

Unlabored harvests shall the fields adorn,' that is, the fruit of the Divine law springs up for the service of men.

And clustered grapes shall blush on every thorn.

Far otherwise has it been during the corrupt and lawless period of human life.

The knotted oaks shall showers of honey weep.® He here describes the folly and obduracy of the men of that age; and perhaps he also intimates that they who suffer hardships in the cause of God, shall reap sweet fruits of their own endurance.

See to their base restored, earth, seas, and air; And joyful ages, from behind, in crowding ranks appear.

To sing thy praise, would heaven my breath prolong, Infusing spirits worthy such a song, Not Thracian Orpheus should transcend my lays,

Nor Linus, crown'd with never-fading bays; Though each his heavenly parent should inspire;

The Muse instruct the voice, and Phcebus tune the lyre.

Yet, of old fraud some footsteps shall remain; The merchant still shall plough the deep for gain:

Great cities shall with walls be compassed round, And sharpened shares shall vex the fruitful ground:

Another Tiphys shall new seas explore; Another Argo land the chiefs upon the Iberian shore;

Another Helen other wars create, And great Achilles urge the Trojan fate.

Should Pan contend in verse, and thou my theme, Arcadian judges should their God condemn.

Behold (says he) how the mighty world and the elements together manifest their joy.

Well said, wisest of bards!

Thou hast carried the license of a poet precisely to the proper point.

For it was not thy purpose to assume the functions of a prophet, to which thou hadst no claim.

I suppose also he was restrained by a sense of the danger which threatened one who should assail the credit of ancient religious practice.

Cautiously, therefore, and securely, as far as possible, he presents the truth to those who have faculties to understand it ; and while he denounces the munitions and conflicts of war ® (which indeed are still to be found in the course of human life), he describes our Saviour as proceeding to the war against Troy, understanding by Troy the world itself.

And surely he did maintain the struggle against the opposing powers of evil, sent on that mission both by the designs of his own providence and the commandment of his Almighty Father.

How, then, does the poet proceed ?

CHAPTER XXI.

That these Things cannot have been spoken of a Mere Man; and that Unbelievers, owing to their Ignorance of Religion, know not ever the Origin of their own Existence.

Ir may be some will foolishly suppose that these words were spoken of the birth of a mere ordinary mortal.

But if this were all, what reason could there be that the earth should need neither seed nor plough, that the vine should require no pruning-hook, or other means of culture? How can we suppose these things to be spoken of a mere mortal's birth?

For nature is the minister of the Divine will, not an instrument obedient to the command of man.

Indeed, the very joy of the elements indicates the advent of God, not the conception of a human being.

The prayer, too, of the poet that his life might be prolonged is a proof of the Divinity of him whom he invoked ; for we desire life and preservation from God, and not from man.

Indeed, the Erythrean Sibyl thus appeals to God:

"Why, O Lord, dost thou compel me still to foretell the future, and not rather remove me from this earth to await the blessed day of thy coming?"

And Maro adds to what he had said before :

But when to ripen'd manhood he shall grow, that is, when, having arrived at the age of manhood, he shall utterly remove the evils which 7 '© The fields shall mellow wax with golden grain."

8 Bag. adds:

'¢ And through the matted grass the liquid gold shall creep."

1709 translates:

'¢ And th' hardened oaks with dewy honey sweat."

While Mo/z. has '¢ Forth from the hard oak stems the lovely honey flcws."

These all approach Virgil closer than they do Constantine.

With all allowance for poetic license, '' pine" should hardly be translated 'oak. a 9 Literally, '' times and wars." edie ¢ '

10 This, bad as it is, is hardly worse than the subjective interpretation of Scripture by modern allegorizers, and certainly no worse than some of the Scripture interpretations of Eusebius.

11 [The reader will perceive that the foregoing verses, with but little exception, and very slight alteration, are taken from Dryden's translation of the fourth eclogue of Virgil.

— Bag.]

CONSTANTINE.

\7.4, een ee ee eee recall the memory of these events, while holding converse with thee, Piety, and essaying with earnest endeavor to address thee with holy and gentle words.

Yet will I say one thing, which haply shall not be unbefitting or unseemly.

A furious, a cruel, and implacable war was maintained by the tyrants against thee, Piety, and thy holy churches: nor were there wanting some in Rome itself who exulted at a calamity so grievous to the public weal.

Nay, the battlefield was prepared ; when thou didst stand forth," and present thyself a voluntary victim, supported by faith in God.

Then indeed it was that the cruelty of ungodly men, which raged incessantly like a devouring fire, wrought for thee a wondrous and ever memorable glory.

Astonishment seized the spectators themselves, when they beheld the very executioners who tortured the bodies of their holy victims wearied out, and disgusted at the cruelties;* the bonds loosened, the engines of torture powerless, the flames extinguished, while the sufferers preserved their constancy unshaken even for a moment.

What, then, hast thou gained by these atrocious deeds, most impious of men?'

And what was the cause of thy insane fury?

Thou wilt say, doubtless, these acts of thine were done in honor of the gods.

What gods are these? or what worthy conception hast thou of the Divine nature?

Thinkest thou the gods are subject to angry passions as thou art? Were it so indeed, it had been better for thee to wonder at their strange determination than obey their harsh command, when they urged thee to the unrighteous slaughter of innocent men.

Thou wilt allege, perhaps, the customs of thy ancestors, and the opinion of mankind in general, as the cause of this conduct.

I grant the fact: for those customs are very like the acts themselves, and proceed from the self-same source of folly.

Thou thoughtest, it may be, that some special power resided in images formed and fashioned by human art ; and hence thy reverence, and diligent care lest they should be defiled: those mighty and highly exalted gods, thus dependent on the care of men!

Begin, sweet boy! with smiles thy mother know, Who ten long months did with thy burden go.

No mortal parents smiled upon thy birth:

No nuptial joy thou know'st, no feast of earth.

How could his parents have smiled on him?

For his Father! is God, who is a Power without sensible quality,? existing, not in any definite shape, but as comprehending other beings,' and not, therefore, in a human body.

And who knows not that the Holy Spirit has no participation in the nuptial union?

For what desire can exist in the disposition of that good which all things else desire?

What fellowship, in short, can wisdom hold with pleasure?

But let these arguments be left to those who ascribe to him a human origin, and who care not to purify themselves from all evil in word as well as deed.

On thee, Piety, I call to aid my words, on thee who art the very law of purity, most desirable of all blessings, teacher of holiest hope, assured promise of immortality!

Thee, Piety, and thee, Clemency, I adore.

We who have obtained thine aid* owe thee everlasting gratitude for thy healing power.

But the multitudes whom their innate hatred of thyself deprives of thy succor, are equally estranged from God himself, and know not that the very cause of their life and being, and that of all the ungodly, is connected with the rightful worship of him who is Lord of all: for the world itself is his, and all that it contains.

CHAPTER XXII.

The Emperor thankfully ascribes his Victories and all other Blessings to Christ; and condemns the Conduct of the Tyrant Maximin, the Violence of whose Persecution had enhanced the Glory of Religion.

To thee, Piety, I ascribe the cause of my own prosperity, and of all that I now possess.

To this truth the happy issue of all my endeavors bears testimony: brave deeds, victories in war, and triumphs over conquered foes.

This truth the great city itself allows with joy and praise.

The people, too, of that much-loved city accord in the same sentiment, though once, deceived by ill-grounded hopes, they chose a ruler unworthy of themselves,' a ruler who speedily received the chastisement which his audacious deeds deserved.

But be it far from me now to

CHAPTER XXIII.

Of Christian Conduct.

That God is pleased with those who lead a Life of Virtue: and that we must expect a Judgment and Future

Retribution.

1 " Father" is emendation of Valesius embodied in his translation (1659), but not his text (1659).

It is bracketed by Mo/z. "' His God fend Father].""

CompPaRE our religion with your own.

© Pure force."

3 In this form it sounds much like Pantheism, but in translation of Molz. this reads, '' but determinable through the bounds of other

[existence 5 ae 4 So Valesius conjectures it should read, but the text of Vad. and Hein. read, '' We needy ones owe,"

&c.

1 [Maxentius (W. Lowth in loc,).— Bag. ] 2 This passage clearly refers to the volunta i martyrs.

See the note of Valesius. anh ines be

ta loss to invent fresh cruelties," Bag.,; at the labor and trouble they met with," 7709; pursuing their terrible work," Modz.

** And perplexed "And reluctantly _ 4 Alluding to Maximin, the most bitter persecutor of the Christians, as appears from the title of this chapter.

THE ORATION OF CONSTANTINE.

5/9 there not with us genuine concord, and unwearied love of others?

If we reprove a fault, is not our object to admonish, not to destroy ; our correction for safety, not for cruelty?

Do we not exercise, not only sincere faith towards God, but fidelity in the relations of social life?

Do we not pity the unfortunate?

Is not ours a life of simplicity, which disdains to cover evil beneath the mask of fraud and hypocrisy?

Do we not acknowledge the true God, and his undivided sovereignty?

This is real godliness : this is religion sincere and truly undefiled: this is the life of wisdom ; and they who have it are travelers, as it were, on a noble road which leads to eternal life.

For he who has entered on such a course, and keeps his soul pure from the pollutions of the body, does not wholly die : rather may he be said to complete the service appointed him by God, than to die.

Again, he who confesses allegiance to God is not easily overborne by insolence or rage, but nobly stands under the pressure of necessity and the trial of his constancy is, as it were, a passport to the favor of God.

For we cannot doubt that the Deity is pleased with excellence in human conduct.

For it would be absurd indeed if the powerful and the humble alike acknowledge gratitude to those from whose services they receive benefit, and repay them by services in return, and yet that he who is supreme and sovereign of all, nay, who is Good itself, should be negligent in this respect.

Rather does he follow us throughout the course of our lives, is near us in every act of goodness, accepts, and at once rewards our virtue and obedience ; though he defers the full recompense to that future period, when the actions of our lives shall pass under his review, and when those who are clear in that account shall receive the reward of everlasting life, while the wicked shall be visited with the penalties due to their crimes. expose the vaunted power of Rome to the contempt of the Goths.

Thou, too, Valerian, who didst manifest the same spirit of cruelty towards the servants of God, hast afforded an example of righteous judgment.

A captive in the enemies' hands, led in chains while yet arrayed in the purple and imperial attire, and at last thy skin stripped from thee, and preserved by command of Sapor the Persian king, thou hast left a perpetual trophy of thy calamity.

And thou, Aurelian, fierce perpetrator of every wrong, how signal was thy fall, when, in the midst of thy wild career in Thrace, thou wast slain on the public highway, and didst fill the furrows of the road with thine impious blood !

CHAPTER XXV.

Of Diocletian, who ignobly abdicated the Imperial Throne, and was terrified by the Dread of Lightning for his Persecution of the Church.

DI0cLETIAN, however, after the display of relentless cruelty as a persecutor, evinced a consciousness of his own guilt, and, owing to the affliction of a disordered mind, endured the confinement of a mean and separate dwelling.?

What, then, did he gain by his active hostility against our God?

Simply this, I believe, that he passed the residue of his life in continual dread of the lightning's stroke.

Nicomedia attests the fact; eyewitnesses, of whom I myself am one, declare it.

The palace, and the emperor's private chamber were destroyed, consumed by lightning, devoured by the fire of heaven.

Men of understanding hearts had indeed predicted the issue of such conduct; for they could not keep silence, nor conceal their grief at such unworthy deeds; but boldly and openly expressed their feeling, saying one to another: "What madness is this? and what an insolent abuse of power, that man should dare to fight against God ; should deliberately insult the most holy and just of all religions ; and plan, without the slightest provocation, the destruction of so great a multitude of righteous persons?

O rare example of moderation to his subjects!

Worthy instructor of his army in the care and protection due to their fellow-citizens !

Men who had never seen the backs of a retreating army plunged their swords into the breasts of their own countrymen!"

So great was the effusion of blood shed, that if shed in battle with barbarian enemies, it had been sufficient to pur-

CHAPTER XXIV.

Of Decius, Valerian, and Aurelian, who experienced a Miserable End in consequence of their Persecution of the Church.

To thee, Decius,! I now appeal, who has trampled with insult on the labors of the righteous: to thee, the hater of the Church, the punisher of those who lived a holy life: what is now thy condition after death?

How hard and wretched thy present circumstances!

Nay, the interval before thy death gave proof enough of thy miserable fate, when, overthrown with all thine army on the plains of Scythia, thou didst

1 Cf. Prolegomena, Lz/e.

2 [The derangement of Diocletian appears to have been temporary only.

The causes of his abdication are not very clearly ascertained; but he seems to have meditated the step a considerable ae (tae See Gibbon, ch, 13, and the note of Valesius. — ag.

1 [Vide Euseb. Hist. Eccles. Bk. VI. ch. 39.

Gibbon (ch. 16) notices very leniently the persecution of Decius. — Bag.]

CONSTANTINE.

Mee ne ope ee ee ee the cause of the exploits I have performed?

Assuredly they do: for it belongs to God to do whatever is best, and to man, to perform the commands of God. I believe, indeed, the best and noblest course of action is, when, before an attempt is made, we provide as far as possible for a secure result: and surely all men know that the holy service in which these hands have been employed has originated in pure and genuine faith towards God ; that whatever has been done for the common welfare has been effected by active exertion combined with supplication and prayer; the consequence of which has been as great an amount of individual and public benefit as each could venture to hope for himself and those he holds most dear.

They have witnessed battles, and have been spectators of a war in which the providence of God has granted victory to this people :' they have seen how he has favored and seconded our prayers.

For righteous prayer is a thing invincible; and no one fails to attain his object who addresses holy supplication to God : nor is a refusal possible, except in the case of wavering faith ;? for God is ever favorable, ever ready to approve of human virtue.

While, therefore, it is natural for man occasionally to err, yet God is not the cause of human error.

Hence it becomes all pious persons to render thanks to the Saviour of all, first for our own individual security, and then for the happy posture of public affairs: at the same time intreating the favor of Christ with holy prayers and constant supplications, that he would continue to us our present blessings.

For he is the invincible ally and protector of the righteous: he is the supreme judge of all things, the prince of immortality, the Giver of everlasting life. chase a perpetual peace.'

At length, indeed, the providence of God took vengeance on these unhallowed deeds ; but not without severe damage to the state.

For the entire army of the emperor of whom I have just spoken, becoming subject to the authority of a worthless person,* who had violently usurped the supreme authority at Rome (when the providence of God restored freedom to that great city), was destroyed in several successive battles.

And when we remember the cries with which those who were oppressed, and who ardently longed for their native liberty, implored the help of God; and their praise and thanksgiving to him on the removal of the evils under which they had groaned, when that liberty was regained, and free and equitable intercourse restored: do not these things every way afford convincing proofs of the providence of God, and his affectionate regard for the interests of mankind ?

CHAPTER XXVI.

The Emperor ascribes his Personal Piety to God; and shows that we are bound to seek Success

From God, and attribute it to him; but to consider Mistakes as the Result of our own

Negligence.

WHEN men commend my services, which owe their origin to the inspiration of Heaven, do they not clearly establish the truth that God is

3 Valestus and Hezn., in his first edition, and Bag. read this transposed thus, ''.

. severe damage to the state, and an effusion of blood, which, if shed," etc.

But Vad. suggests, and Heinichen adopts in his second edition, that the whole sentence should be transposed as above.

4 ['*He means Maxentius, as appears from what follows.

How Diocletian's army came under the command of Maxentius, it is not difficult to understand.

After Diocletian's abdication, Galerius Maximian took the command of his forces, giving part to Severus

1 j.e. the Roman.

So Val. and Heznx., but Val. thinks it may pale rather be '' to my army."'

Better, literally, 'slackening faith."

There is somewhat of loss from the primitive and real conception of faith in the fixing of the word "' wavering'' as the conventional expression for weak.

Faith is the steadfast current of personality towards an object, and poverty of faith is more often the abatement or slackening of that steady, insistent activity than the wavering of doubt.

There is more unbelief than disbelief.

Czsar for the defence of Italy.

Shortly afterwards, Maxentius having usurped the Imperial power at Rome, Galerius sent Severus against him with his forces.

Maxentius, however, fraudulently and by promises corrupted and drew to his own side Severus's army.

After this, Galerius, having marched against Maxentius with a more numerous force, was himself in like manner deserted by his troops.

Thus the army of Diocletian came under the power of Maxentius"

(Valesius ad loc.). — Bag.]

THE ORATION

OF Pals) atlas Wisco ANC ELE ©S,

IN PRAISE OF

THE EMPEROR CONSTANTINE.

PRONOUNCED

ON THE THIRTIETH ANNIVERSARY

OF HIS REIGN,

knowledge, and account the choice of the latter as the real excellence, will prefer those virtues of the emperor which Heaven itself approves, and his pious actions, to his merely human accomplishments ; and will leave to inferior encomiasts the task of celebrating his lesser merits.

For since our emperor is gifted as

well with that sacred wisdom which has immediate reference to God, as with the knowledge which concerns the interests of men; let those who are competent to such a task describe his secular acquirements, great and transcendent as they are, and fraught with advantage to mankind (for all that characterizes the emperor is great and noble), yet still inferior to his diviner qualities, to those who stand without the sacred precincts.

Let those, however, who

are within the sanctuary, and have access to its inmost and untrodden recesses, close the doors against every profane ear, and unfold, as it were, the secret mysteries of our emperor's character to the initiated alone.

And let those who have purified their ears in the streams of piety, and raised their thoughts on the soaring wing of the mind itself, join the company which surrounds the Sovereign Lord of all, and learn in silence the divine mysteries.

Mean-

while let the sacred oracles, given, not by the spirit of divination (or rather let me say of madness and folly), but by the inspiration of Divine truth,' be our instructors in these mysteries; speaking to us of sovereignty, generally : of him who is the Supreme Sovereign of all, and the heavenly array which surrounds the Lord of all; of that exemplar of imperial power which

Prologue to the Oration.'

I come not forward prepared with a fictitious narrative, nor with elegance of language to captivate the ear, desiring to charm my hearers, as it were, with a siren's voice; nor shall I present the draught of pleasure in cups of gold decorated with lovely flowers (I mean the graces of style) to those who are pleased with such things.

Rather would I foliow the precepts of the wise, and admonish all to avoid and turn aside from the beaten road, and keep themselves from

contact with the vulgar crowd.

I come, then, prepared to celebrate our emperor's praises in a newer strain; and, though the number be infinite of those who desire to be my companions in my present task, I am resolved to shun the common track of men,' and to pursue that untrodden path which it is unlawful to enter on with unwashed feet.

Let those who admire a vulgar style, abounding in puerile subtleties, and who court a pleasing and popular muse, essay, since pleasure is the object they have in view, to charm the ears of men by a narrative of merely human merits.

Those, however, who are initiated into the universal science,' and have attained to Divine as well as human eee ees ee SS 1 The conventional heading has been retained.

Literally it is "© Tricennial oration of Eusebius, addressed to the Emperor Constantine.

Prologue to the praises addressed to Constantine."

The translation of this oration shows, even more than that of the Life or Constantine's Oration, a sympathy on the part of the translator with the florid style of Eusebius, and, trying as the style itself is, the success of Bag. in presenting the spirit of the original with, on the whole, very considerable accuracy of rendering has been a constant matter of surprise during the effort to revise.

2 Cf. Hom. J/, 6. 202, tr. Bryant, 6. 263-4, '' shunning every haunt of human-kind."

3 Eusebius seems to use this phrase much as the modern phrases "« The final philosophy," '' The science of sciences," "' The queen of sciences," when applied to theology.

4 "Divine light."

CONSTANTINE.

Me es gether in accordance with the precept of their great Saviour and Teacher, worship him.

In short, the whole family of mankind, of every na-. tion, tribe, and tongue, both collectively and severally, however diverse their opinions on other subjects, are unanimous in this one confession ; and, in obedience to the reason implanted in them, and the spontaneous and uninstructed impulse of their own minds, unite in calling on the One and only God2 Nay,doesnot the

universal frame of earth acknowledge him her Lord, and declare, by the vegetable and animal life which she produces, her subjection to the will of a superior Power?

The rivers, flowing with abundant stream, and the perennial fountains, springing from hidden and exhaustless depths, ascribe to him the cause of their marvellous source.

The mighty waters of the sea, enclosed in chambers of unfathomable depth, and the swelling surges, which lift themselves on high, and menace as it were the earth itself, shrink back when they approach the shore, checked by the power of his Divine law.

The duly measured fall of winter's rain, the rolling thunder, the lightning's flash, the eddying currents of the winds, and the airy courses of the clouds, all reveal his presence to those to whom his Person is invisible.

The

all-radiant sun, who holds his constant career through the lapse of ages, owns him Lord alone, and obedient to his will, dares not depart from his appointed path.

The inferior splendor of the moon, alternately diminished and increased at stated periods, is subject to his Divine command.

The beauteous mechanism of the heavens, glittering with the hosts of stars, moving in harmonious order, and preserving the measure of each several orbit, proclaims him the giver of all light: yea, all the heavenly luminaries, maintaining at his will and word a grand and perfect unity of motion, pursue the track of their ethereal career, and complete in the lapse of revolving ages their distant course.

The alternate recurrence of day and night, the changing seasons, the order and proportion of the universe, all declare the manifold wisdom of [his boundless power].

To him the unseen agencies which hold their course throughout the expanse of space, render the due tribute of praise.

To him this terrestrial globe itself, to him the heavens above, and the choirs beyond the vault of heaven, give honor as to their mighty Sovereign: the angelic hosts greet him with ineffable songs of Praise ; and the spirits which draw their being from incorporeal light, adore him as their Creator.

The is before us, and that counterfeit coin: and, lastly, of the consequences which result from both.

With these oracles, then, to initiate us in the knowledge of the sacred rites, let us essay, as follows, the commencement of our divine mysteries.

CHAPTER I.

The Oration. il To-pay is the festival of our great emperor: and we his children rejoice therein, feeling the inspiration of our sacred theme.

He who presides over our solemnity is the Great Sovereign himself; he, I mean, who is truly great ; of whom I affirm (nor will the sovereign who hears me be offended, but will rather approve of this ascription of praise to God), that HE is above and beyond all created things, the Highest, the Greatest, the most Mighty One ; whose throne is the arch of heaven, and the earth the footstool of his feet."

His being none can worthily comprehend; and the ineffable splendor of the glory which surrounds him repels the gaze of every eye from his

Divine majesty.

His ministers are the heavenly hosts ; his armies the supernal powers, who own allegiance to him as their Master,

Lord, and King.

The countless multitudes of angels, the companies of archangels, the chorus of holy spirits, draw from and reflect his radiance as from the fountains of everlasting light.

Yea, every light, and specially those divine and incorporeal intelligences whose place is beyond the heavenly sphere, celebrate this august Sovereign with lofty and sacred strains of praise.

The vast expanse of heaven, like an azure veil, is interposed between those without, and those who inhabit his royal mansions: while round this expanse the sun and moon, with the rest of the heavenly luminaries (like torch-bearers around the entrance of the imperial palace), perform, in honor of their sovereign, their appointed courses; holding forth, at the word of his command, an ever-burning light to those whose lot is cast in the darker regions with-

out the pale of heaven.

And surely when I remember that our own victorious emperor renders praises to this Mighty Sovereign,

I do well to follow him, knowing as I do that to him alone we owe that imperial power under which we live.

.The pious Cesars, instructed by their father's wisdom, acknowledge him as the source of every blessing: the soldiery, the entire body of the people, both in the country and in the cities of the empire, with the governors of the several provinces, assembling to_? [We must be content here (and probably in other passages of this Ovation) to tolerate as rhetorical embellishment that which, regarded literally, is in every sense palpably untrue. — Bag.]

The intention of the passage is probably like that of those who say now that there is no nation where, in some form, God is not worshiped.

1 Paraphrased from Is. Ixvi. 1.

THE ORATION OF EUSEBIUS.

away from his flock, like savage beasts, those apostate spirits which once flew through the airy tracts above this earth, and fastened on the souls of men ;? so this his friend, graced by his heavenly favor with victory over all his foes, subdues and chastens the open adversaries of the truth in accordance with the usages of war.

He who is the pre-existent Word, the Preserver of all things, imparts to his disciples the seeds of true wisdom and salvation, and at once enlightens and gives them understanding in the knowledge of his Father's kingdom.

Our emperor, his friend, acting as interpreter to the Word of God, aims at recalling the whole human race to the knowledge of God ; proclaiming clearly in the ears of all, and declaring with powerful voice the laws of truth and godliness to all who dwell on the earth.

Once more, the universal Saviour opens the heavenly gates of his Father's kingdom to those whose course is thitherward from this world.

Our emperor, emulous of his Divine example, having purged his earthly dominion from every stain of impious error, invites each holy and pious worshiper within his imperial mansions, earnestly desiring to save with all its crew that. mighty vessel of which he is the appointed pilot..

And he alone of all who have wielded the im-perial power of Rome, being honored by the:

Supreme Sovereign with a reign of three decen-nial periods, now celebrates this festival, not, as: his ancestors might have done, in honor of infernal demons, or the apparitions of seducing spirits, or of the fraud and deceitful arts of impious men; but as an act of thanksgiving to him by whom he has thus been honored, and in acknowledgment of the blessings he has received at his hands.

He does not, in imitation of ancient usage, defile his imperial mansions with blood and gore, nor propitiate the infernal deities with fire and smoke, and sacrificial offerings ; but dedicates to the universal Sovereign a pleasant and acceptable sacrifice, even his own imperial soul, and a mind truly fitted for the service of God.

For this sacrifice alone

is grateful to him: and this sacrifice our emperor has learned, with purified mind and thoughts, to present as an offering without the intervention of fire and blood, while his own piety, strengthened by the truthful doctrines with which his soul is stored, he sets forth in magnificent language the praises of God, and everlasting ages which were before this heaven and earth, with other periods beside them, infinite, and antecedent to all visible creation, acknowledge him the sole and supreme

Sovereign and Lord.

Lastly, he who is in all, before, and after all,> his only begotten, pre-existent Word, the great High Priest of the mighty God, elder than all time and every age, devoted to his Father's glory, first and alone makes intercession with him for the salvation of mankind.* Supreme and pre-eminent Ruler of the universe, he shares the glory of his

Father's kingdom: for he is that Light, which, transcendent above the universe, encircles the Father's Person, interposing and dividing between the eternal and uncreated Essence and all derived existence: that Light which, streaming from on high, proceeds from that Deity who knows not origin or end, and illumines the super-celestial regions, and all that heaven itself contains, with the radiance of wisdom bright beyond the splendor of the sun.

This is he who holds a supreme dominion over this whole world, who is over and in all things, and pervades all things® visible and invisible; the Word of God.

From whom and by whom our divinely favored emperor, receiving, as it were,

a transcript of the Divine sovereignty, directs, in imitation of God himself, the administration of this world's affairs.

CHAPTER II. id Tus only begotten Word of God reigns, from ages which had no beginning, to infinite and endless ages, the partner of his Father's kingdom.

And [our emperor] ever beloved by him, who derives the source of imperial authority from above, and is strong in the power of his sacred title,! has controlled the empire of the world for a long period of years. Again, that Preserver of the universe orders these heavens and earth, and the celestial kingdom, consistently with his Father's will.

Even so our emperor whom he loves, by bringing those whom he rules on earth to the only begotten Word and

Saviour renders them fit subjects of his

kingdom.

And as he who is the common Saviour of mankind, by his invisible and Divine power as the good shepherd, drives far

SLA ee SES bie ae Aaa REE ae 8 [Referring possibly to Rev. i. 8.

'(I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty."—Bag.]

Or, possibly, refers to Eph. iv. 6, as it seems to be simply some verbal suggestion.

2 This is an allusion to what was afterwards known as Vampireism, —a belief of unknown antiquity, and eepscielly prevalent in various forms in the East.

Rydberg (Magic of the Middle Ages, p207) describes the medizval form thus:

"' The vampires according to the belief of the Middle Ages, are disembodied souls which clothe themselves again in their buried bodies, steal at night into houses, and suck from the nipple of the sleeping all their blood."

(Cf. Perty, d. myst. Ersch. 1 [1872], 383. 91; Gérres' Chr. myst. Vol.

3, etc.) Similar in nature was that notion of the spirits who sucked away the breath of sleeping persons, which has left its trace in the modern superstition that cats suck away the breath of sleeping children.

4 [The Arianism implied in this passage, if referred to the Word as God, disappears if we regard it as spoken of Christ as the Word manifested in human nature.

See the note of Valesius ad loc. — Bag.) 5 Universe.

8 This is directly from Eph. iv. 6: '' Who is over all and through all and in all."

It is thus directly referred to the Father, and on the basis of the above note of Bag. seems to convict of Arianism, but in reality the conception of a pre-existing Word is distinctly orthodox.

Tt is difficult to know precisely what is meant here.

Possibly the name of Christian. — Bag.)

CONSTANTINE.

SS, through the presence of the Czsars, as with the far piercing rays of his own brightness.

To us who occupy the eastern regions he has given a son worthy of himself;* a second and a third respectively to other departments of his empire, to be, as it were, brilliant reflectors of the light which proceeds from himself.

Once more, haying harnessed, as it were, under the self-same yoke the four most noble Czesars® as horses in the imperial chariot, he sits on high and directs their course by the reins of holy harmony and concord ; and, himself every where present, and observant of every event, thus traverses every region of the world.

Lastly, invested ashe

is with a semblance of heavenly sovereignty, he directs his gaze above, and frames his earthly government according to the pattern of that Divine original, feeling strength in its conformity to the monarchy of God.

And this conformity is granted by the universal Sovereign to man alone of the creatures of this earth: for he only is the author of sovereign power, who decrees that all should be subject to the rule of one.

And surely monarchy far transcends every

other constitution and form of government : for that democratic equality of power, which is its opposite, may rather be described as anarchy and disorder.

Hence there is one God, and not two, or three, or more: for to assert a plurality of gods is plainly to deny the being of God at all.

There is one Sovereign ; and his Word and royal Law is one: a Law not expressed in syllables and words, not written or engraved on tablets, and therefore subject to the ravages of time ; but the living and self-subsisting Word, who himself is God, and who administers his Father's kingdom on behalf of all who are after him and subject to his power.

His attendants are the heavenly hosts; the myriads of God's angelic ministers; the super-terrestrial armies, of unnumbered multitude; and those unseen spirits within heaven itself, whose agency is employed in regulating the order of this world.

Ruler and chief of all these is the royal Word, acting as Regent of the Supreme Sovereign.

To him the names of Captain, and great High imitates his Divine philanthropy by his own imperial acts.

Wholly devoted to him, he dedicates himself as a noble offering, a first-fruit of that world, the government of which is intrusted to his charge.

'This first and greatest sacrifice our emperor first dedicates to God; and then, as a faithful shepherd, he offers, not '" famous hecatombs of firstling lambs," but the souls of that flock which is the object of his care, those rational beings whom he leads to the knowledge and pious worship of God.

CHAPTER III.

| Anp gladly does he accept and welcome this sacrifice, and commend the presenter of so august and noble an offering, by protracting his reign to a lengthened period of years, giving larger proofs of his beneficence in proportion to the emperor's holy services to himself.

Accordingly he permits him to celebrate each successive festival during great and general prosperity throughout the empire, advancing one of his sons, at the recurrence of each decennial period, to a share of his own imperial

power.'

The eldest, who bears his father's name, he received as his partner in the empire about the close of the first decade of his reign: the second, next in point of age, at the second; and the third in like manner at the third decennial period, the occasion of this our present festival.

And now that the fourth period has commenced, and the time of his reign is still further prolonged, he desires to extend his imperial authority by calling still more of his kindred to partake his power; and, by the appointment of the Ceesars,' fulfills the predictions of the holy prophets, according to what they

uttered ages before: "And the saints of the

Most High shall take the kingdom."*® And thus the Almighty Sovereign himself accords an increase both of years and of children to our most pious emperor, and renders his sway over the nations of the world still fresh and flourishing, as though it were even now springing up in its earliest vigor.

He it is who appoints him this present festival, in that he has made him victorious over every enemy that disturbed his peace :

Priest, Prophet of the Father, Angel of mighty counsel, Brightness of the Father's light, Only begotten Son, with a thousand other titles, are ascribed in the oracles of the sacred writers.

And the Father, having constituted him the living Word, and Law, and Wisdom, the fullness of all blessing, has presented this best and greatest gift to all who are the subjects of his sovereignty.

And he himself, who pervades

all things, and is every where present, unfolding his Father's bounties to all with unsparing hand, has accorded a specimen of his sovhe it is who displays him as an example of true godliness to the human race.

And thus our emperor, like the radiant sun, illuminates the most distant subjects of his empire

1 A general statement, such as Eusebius is fond of making.

The elevation of his sons was about these times, but not on them exactly.

Compare Prolegomena, Life.

[Dalmatius and Hanniballianus, — Bag. ]

[Dan. vii. 18.

It is surely needless to remark on so singular ana vicious an application of Senphise as this, further than that it is either a culpable rhetorical flourish, or else an indication of a lamentable defect of spiritual intelligence in the most learned writer of the fourth century.— Bag.| '"' But the saints of the Most High shall receive the kingdom."

— Revised Version.

(Constantius Cesar. — Bag.]

Compare Prolegomena, under Life.

THE ORATION OF EUSEBIUS.

a a a a A a a mg image and likeness of God,' and had made him a royal creature, in that he gave him alone of all earthly creatures capacity to rule and to obey ereign power even to his rational creatures of this earth, in that he has provided the mind of man, who is formed after his own image, with Divine faculties, whence it is capable of other virtues also, which flow from the same heavenly

(as well as forethought and foreknowledge even here, concerning the promised hope of his heavenly kingdom, because of which he himself came, and, as the Parent of his children, disdained not to hold converse with mortal men) ; he continued to cherish the seeds which himself had sown, and renewed his gracious favors from above; holding forth to all the promise of sharing his heavenly kingdom.

Accordingly he called men, and exhorted them to be ready for their heavenward journey, and to provide themselves with the garment which became their calling. power he filled the world in every part with his doctrine, expressing by the similitude of an earthly kingdom that heavenly one to which he earnestly invites all mankind, and presents it to them as a worthy object of their hope. source.

For he only is wise, who is the only God : he only is essentially good : he only is of mighty power, the Parent of justice, the Father of reason and wisdom, the Fountain of light and life, the Dispenser of truth and virtue: in a word, the Author of empire itself, and of all dominion and power.

CHAPTER IV.

And by an indescribable

Bur whence has man this knowledge, and who has ministered these truths to mortal ears?

Or whence has a tongue of flesh the power to speak of things so utterly distinct from fleshly or material substance?

Who has gazed on the invisible King, and beheld these perfections in him?

The bodily sense may comprehend elements and their combinations, of a nature kindred to its own: but no one yet has boasted to have scanned with corporeal eye that unseen kingdom which governs all things ; nor has mortal nature yet discerned the beauty of perfect wisdom.

Who has beheld the face of righteousness through the medium of flesh?

And whence came the idea of legitimate sover-

CHAPTER V.

Anp in this hope our divinely-favored

emperor partakes even in this present life, gifted as he is by God with native virtues, and having received into his soul the out-flowings of his favor.

His reason he derives from the great Source of all reason: he is wise, and good, and just, as having fellowship with perfect Wisdom, eignty and imperial power to man?

Whence the thought of absolute dominion to a being composed of flesh and blood?

Who declared those ideas which are invisible and undefined, and that incorporeal essence which has no exGoodness, and Righteousness: virtuous, as following the pattern of perfect virtue : valiant, as partaking of heavenly strength.

And

truly may he deserve the imperial title, who has formed his soul to royal virtues, according to the standard of that celestial kingdom.

But he who is a stranger to these blessings, who denies the Sovereign of the universe, and owns no allegiance to the heavenly Father of spirits ; who invests not himself with the virtues which become an emperor, but overlays his soul with moral deformity and baseness ; who for royal clemency substitutes the fury of a savage beast; for a generous temper, the incurable venom of malicious wickedness ; for prudence, folly ; for reason and wisdom, that recklessness which is the most odious of all vices, for from it, as from a spring of bitterness, proceed the most pernicious fruits ; such as inveterate profligacy of life, covetousness, murder, impiety and defiance of God ; surely one abandoned to such vices as these, however he may be deemed powerful through despotic violence, has no true title to the name of Emperor.

For how should he whose soul

is impressed with a thousand absurd images of ternal form, to the mortals of this earth?

Surely there was but one interpreter of these things; the all-pervading Word of God.

For he is the author of that rational and intelligent being which exists in man ; and, being himself one with his Father's Divine nature, he sheds upon his offspring the out-flowings of his

Father's bounty.

Hence the natural and untaught powers of thought, which all men, Greeks or Barbarians, alike possess: hence the perception of reason and wisdom, the seeds of integrity and righteousness, the understanding of the arts of life, the knowledge of virtue, the precious name of wisdom, and the noble love of philosophic learning.

Hence the knowledge of all that is great and good: hence apprehension of God himself, and a life worthy of his worship : hence the royal authority of man, and his invincible lordship over the creatures of this

world.

And when that Word, who is the Parent of rational beings, had impressed a character on the mind of man according to the

And no one knoweth who the Son is,

who the Father is, save the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son willeth to reveal him,''

— Luke x. 22. save the Father; and | 2 Eusebius, in making it the Word who impresses the image of God on men, shows good philosophy and good theology.

CONSTANTINE.

false deities, be able to exhibit a counterpart of the true and heavenly sovereignty?

Or how can he be absolute lord of others, who has subjected himself to the dominion of a thousand desires are fixed on his celestial kingdom.

For he knows that present things, subject as they are to decay and death, flowing on and disappearing like a river's stream, are not worthy to be compared with him wko is sovereign of all ; therefore it is that he longs for the incorruptible and incorporeal kingdom of God.

And this kingdom he trusts he shall obtain, elevating his mind as he does in sublimity of thought above the vault of heaven, and filled with inexpressible longing for the glories which shine there, in comparison with which he deems the precious things of this present world but darkness.

For he sees earthly sovereignty to be but a petty and fleeting dominion over a mortal and temporary life, and rates it not much higher than the goatherd's, or shepherd's, or herdsman's power: nay, as more burdensome than theirs, and exercised over more stubborn subjects.

The acclamations of the people, and the voice of flattery, he reckons rather troublesome than pleasing, because of the steady constancy of his character, and genuine discipline of his mind.

Again, when he beholds the mili-

tary service of his subjects, the vast array of his armies, the multitudes of horse and foot, entirely devoted to his command, he feels no astonishment, no pride at the possession of such mighty power; but turns his thoughts inward on himself, and recognizes the same common nature there.

He smiles at his vesture, embroidered with gold and flowers, and at the imperial purple and diadem itself, when he sees the multitude gaze in wonder, like children at a bugbear, on the splendid spectacle.* Himself superior to such feelings, he clothes his soul with the knowledge of God, that vesture, the broidery of which is temperance, righteousness, piety, and all other virtues ; a vesture such as truly becomes a sovereign.

The

wealth which others so much desire, as gold, silver, or precious gems, he regards to bey as they really are, in themselyes mere stones and worthless matter, of no avail to preserve or defend from evil.

For what power have these things to free from disease, or repel the approach of death?

And knowing as he does this truth by personal experience in the use of these things, he regards the splendid attire of his subjects with calm indifference, and smiles at the childishness of those to whom they prove attractive.

Lastly, he abstains from all excess in food and wine, and leaves superfluous dainties to gluttons, judging that such indulgences, however suitable to others, are not so to him, and deeply convinced of their pernicious tendency, and their effect in darkening the intellectual powers of the soul.

For all these reasons,

cruel masters? a slave of low delights and ungoverned lust, a slave of wrongfully-extorted wealth, of rage and passion, as well as of cowardice and terror; a slave of ruthless

demons, and soul-destroying spirits?

Let, then, our emperor, on the testimony of truth itself, be declared alone worthy of the title ; who is dear to the Supreme Sovereign himself; who alone is free, nay, who is truly lord: above the thirst of wealth, superior to sexual desire; victorious even over natural pleasures ; controlling, not controlled by, anger and passion.?

He is indeed an emperor, and bears a title corresponding to his deeds; a Vicror in truth, who has gained the victory over those passions which overmaster the rest of men: whose character is formed after the Divine original* of the Supreme Sovereign, and whose mind reflects, as in a mirror, the radiance of his virtues.

Hence is our emperor perfect in discretion, in goodness, in justice, in courage, in piety, in devotion to God: he truly and only is a philosopher, since he knows himself, and is fully aware that supplies of every blessing are showered on him from a source quite external to himself, even from heaven itself.

Declaring the august title of supreme authority by the splendor of his vesture, he alone worthily wears that imperial purple which so well becomes

him.

He is indeed an emperor, who calls on and implores in prayer the favor of his heavenly Father night and day, and whose ardent

1 There seems to be a clear hint of Philonism here, or Philonism as developed by the Neo-Platonists and the Christian Theologians.

The history of the thought seems to begin in the Platonic ideas.

These self-existing forms which impress themselves on the soul naturally become personalities to which the soul submits, and whose images are impressed on the soul.

These personalized ideas are in the thought of Philo the thoughts or ideas of God, "' powers " who do his will, like the Valkyr of the Northern mythology, — the personified thoughts or will of Odin.

These objective ideas in organized whole were the Word.

The objectivity of ideas, placed in relation with "' mind reading,"

"thought transference," and the like, and with the modern conceptions of the conservation of energy and transmission of force by vibrations, give an interesting suggestion of a material basis for the conception.

If thought is accompanied by vibration of brain molecules, it is of course quite conceivable that that vibration be projected through any medium which can transmit vibration, whether the nerves of another. person or the air.

A person of supreme energy of will would make these vibrations more intense, and an Infinite personality would make tangible even perhaps to the point of that resistance which we call matter.

The conception of one great central Personality issuing an organized related system of thoughts in various stages of embodiment, in one massive, constant forth-streaming of will, is most interesting.

According to it, all will forms of the in. dividual are true as ti are in harmony with these norms,

Where, however, the lesser wills project incongruous will forms, they are in conflict with the greater.

According to it, the human soul is beaten upon by all ideas which have ever been projected, either in individual or in some combined total of force, and is formed according to what it submits itself to, whether to the lesser and mal-organized or to the Great Norm.

_ ,? Compare Prolegomena, Character.

This peculiar self-control, it is to be remembered, was characteristic also of his father, and ina measure the product of the Neo-Platcnic philosophy.

8 ett i the "archetypal idea,'?—the same phrase as that used by Philo, x. 4 (ed. Lips., 1828, I. P. 7); i.e. that incorporeal model or image of God on which the corporeal world was formed.

_ * This may be true; but compare Prolegomena, Character, for his practice, at least.

THE ORATION OF EUSEBIUS.

Pe) ) ee Ee rae ee fair trappings which he bestows.'

And he himself, not binding it, as the poet imagined, with a golden chain,' but as it were controlling its movements by the reins of ineffable wisdom, has adjusted its months and seasons, its times and years, and the alterations of day and night, with perfect harmony, and has thus attached to it limits and measures of various kinds.

For eternity, being in its nature direct, and stretching onward into infinity, and receiving its name, eternity, as having an everlasting existence,' and being similar in all its parts, or rather having no division or distance, progresses only in a line of direct extension.

But God, who has distributed it by intermediate sections, and has divided it, like a far extended line, in many points, has included in it a vast number of portions ; and though it is in its nature one, and resembles unity itself, he has attached to it a multiplicity of numbers, and has given it, though formless in itself, an endless variety of forms

For first of all he framed in it formless mat-

ter, as a substance capable of receiving all forms.

He next, by the power of the number two, imparted quality to matter, and gave beauty to that which before was void of all grace.

Again, by means of the number three, he framed a body compounded of matter and form, and presenting the three dimensions of breadth, and length, and depth.

Then, from the doubling of the number two, he devised the quaternion of the elements, earth, water, air, and fire, and ordained them to be everlasting sources for the supply of this universe.

Again, the number four produces the number ten.

For the aggregate of one, and two, and three, and four, is ten.'

And three multiplied with ten discovers the period of a month: and twelve successive months complete the course of the sun.

Hence the revolutions of years, and changes of the seasons, which give grace, like variety of color in paintour divinely taught and noble-minded emperor, aspiring to higher objects than this life affords, calls upon his heavenly Father as one who longs for his kingdom; exhibits a pious spirit in each action of his life; and finally, as a wise and good instructos, imparts to his subjects the knowledge of him who is the Sovereign

Lord of all.

CHAPTER VI.

Anp God himself, as an earnest of future reward, assigns to him now as it were tricennial crowns ! composed of prosperous periods of time; and now, after the revolution of three circles of ten years, he grants permission to all mankind to celebrate this general, nay

rather, this universal festival.

And while those on earth thus rejoice, crowned as it were with the flowers of divine knowledge, surely, we may not unduly suppose thatthe heavenly choirs, attracted by a natural sympathy, unite their joy with the joy of those on earth: nay, that the Supreme Sovereign himself, as a gracious father, delights in the worship of duteous children, and for this reason is pleased to honor the author and cause of their obedience through a lengthened period of time ; and, far from limiting his reign to three decennial circles of years, he extends it to the remotest

period, even to far distant eternity.

Now eternity? in its whole extent is beyond the power of decline or death: its beginning and extent alike incapable of being scanned by mortal thoughts.

Nor will it suffer its central point to be perceived, nor that which is termed its present duration to be grasped by the inquiring mind.

Far less, then, the future, or the past: for the one is not, but is already gone; while the future has not yet arrived, and therefore is not.

As regards what is termed the present time, it vanishes even as we think or speak, ing, to that eternity which before was formless and devoid of beauty, for the refreshment and delight of those whose lot it is to traverse therein the course of life. Forasthe ground

is defined by stated distances for those who run in hope of obtaining the prize; and as the road of those who travel on a distant journey is marked by resting-places and measured intervals, that the traveler's courage may not fail at the interminable prospect; even so the Sovereign of the universe, controlling eternity itself within ee eaEEEEEEEEREEEEEREED more swiftly than the word itself is uttered.

Nor is it possible in any sense to apprehend this time as present ; for we must either expect the future, or contemplate the past; the present slips from us, and is gone, even in the act of thought.

Eternity, then, in its whole extent, resists and refuses subjection to mortal rea-

son.

But it does not refuse to acknowledge its own Sovereign and Lord,' and bears him as it were mounted on itself, rejoicing in the Ba WPS ee ES i 4 [Days, months, years, seasons, &c., are here intended.

Valesius, ad loc. — Bag.| 1 [Alluding (says Valesius) to the crowns of gold which the ople of the several provinces were accustomed to present to the oman emperors on such occasions as the present.

— Bag.] In his prologue to the Life, Eusebius calls this very oration a weaving of tricennial crowns (or garlands).

These crowns had their historical origin in the triumphal crowns under the Roman system.

Cf.

Rich, in Smith, Dict. Gr. and Rom. Ant. p. 361.

Hom. J/, 8, 19.

6 {< omep aet ov.

— Bag]

From what source Eusebius draws this particular application of the Pythagorean principle is uncertain.

This conception of the derivation of ten from four is found in Philo, de Mund. Opif. ch. 15, and indeed it is said (Ueber-weg) that with the earliest Pythagoreans

2 [It is perhaps difficult to find a better word to express the original aiwv. — Bag.] hide = "

Compare x Tim. 1. 1 (marg.), " King of the ages"

('' zons, or according to this translation "' eternity me four and ten were the especially significant numbers in creation.

This mixture of Neo-Pythagoreanism with Platonism and Philonism was characteristic of the time.

CONSTANTINE.

a relief of toil by the interval of autumn: and lastly, refreshing and cleansing the season by the showers of winter, he brings it, rendered sleek and glossy, like a noble steed, by these abundant rains, once more to the gates of spring.

As soon, then, as the Supreme Sovereign

had thus connected his own eternity by these cords of wisdom with the annual circle, he committed it to the guidance of a mighty Governor, even his only begotten Word, to whom, as the Preserver of all creation, he yielded the reins of universal power.

And he, receiving this inheritance as from a beneficent Father, and uniting all things both above and beneath the circumference of heaven in one harmonious whole, directs their uniform course ; providing with perfect justice whatever is expedient for his rational creatures on the earth, appointing its allotted limits to human life, and granting to all alike permission to anticipate even here the commencement of a future existence.

For he has taught them that beyond this present world there is a divine and blessed state of being, reserved for those who have been supported here by the hope of heavenly blessings; and _ that those who have lived a virtuous and godly life will remove hence to a far better habitation ; while he adjudges to those who have been guilty and wicked here a place of punishment according to their crimes.

Again, as in the distribution of prizes at the public games, he proclaims various crowns to the victors, and invests each with the rewards of different virtues: but for our good emperor, who is clothed in the very robe of piety, he declares that ahigher recompense of his toils is prepared ; and, as a prelude to this recompense, permits us now to assemble at this festival, which is composed of perfect numbers, of decades thrice, and triads ten times repeated.

The first of

these, the triad, is the offspring of the unit, while the unit is the mother of number itself, and presides over all months, and seasons, and years, and every period of time.

It may, indeed, be justly termed the origin, foundation, and principle of all number, and derives its name from its abiding character.8

For, while every other number is diminished or increased according to the subtraction or addition of others, the unit alone continues fixed and steadfast, abstracted from all multitude and the numbers which are formed from it, and resembling that indivisible essence which is distinct from all things beside, but by virtue of participation in which the nature of all things else subsists.

For the unit is the originator of every number, since all —.7 eee the restraining power of his own wisdom, directs and turns its course as he judges best.

The same God, I say, who thus clothes the once undefined eternity as with fair colors and blooming flowers, gladdens the day with the solar rays; and, while he overspreads the night with a covering of darkness, yet causes the glittering stars, as golden spangles, to shine therein.

It is he who lights up the brilliancy of the morning star, the changing splendor of the moon, and the glorious companies of the starry host, and has arrayed the expanse of heaven, like some vast mantle, in colors of varied beauty.

Again, having created the lofty and profound expanse of air, and caused the world in its length and breadth to feel its cooling influence, he decreed that the air itself should be graced with birds of every kind, and left open this vast ocean of space to be traversed by every creature, visible or invisible, whose course is through the tracts of heaven.

In the midst of this atmosphere he poised the earth, as it were its center, and encompassed it with the ocean as with a beau7 ~ tiful azure vesture.

Having ordained this earth to be at once the home, the nurse, and the mother of all the creatures it contains, and watered it both with rain and water-springs, he caused it to abound in plants and flowers of every species, for the enjoyment of life.

And when he had formed man in his own likeness, the noblest of earthly creatures, and dearest to himself, a creature gifted with intellect and knowledge, the child of reason and wisdom, he gave him dominion over all other animals which move and live upon the earth.

For man was in truth of all earthly creatures the dearest to God: man, I say, to whom, as an indulgent

Father, he has subjected the brute creation ; for whom he has made the ocean navigable, and crowned the earth with a profusion of plants of every kind ; to whom he has granted reasoning faculties for acquiring all science ; under whose control he has placed even the creatures of the deep, and the winged inhabitants of the air; to whom he has permitted the contemplation of celestial objects, and revealed the course and changes of the sun and moon, and the periods of the planets and fixed stars.

In short, to man alone of earthly beings has he given commandment to acknowledge him as his heavenly Father,

and to celebrate his praises as the Supreme

Sovereign of eternity itself.

But the unchangeable course of eternity the Creator has limited by the four seasons of the year, terminating the winter by the approach of spring, and regulating as with an equal balance that season which commences the annual period.

Having thus graced the eternal course of time with the varied productions of spring, he added the summer's heat ; and then granted as it were

8 [Movds, mapa Td méverv wdvomacnevyn.

The analogies from number in this chapter (which the reader will probably consider puerile enough) seem to be an imitation of some of the mystical speculations of Plato. — Bag.]

THE ORATION OF EUSEBIUS.

ee SS Se multitude is made up by the composition and addition of units ; nor is it possible without the unit to conceive the existence of number at all.

But the unit itself is independent of multitude, apart from and superior to all number ; formvictorious emperor distinguished by the giver of all good, and now enters on a new sphere of blessing, accomplishing, at present, this tricennalian festival, but reaching forward beyond this to far more distant intervals of time, and cherishing the hope of future blessings in the celestial kingdom; where, not a single sun, but infinite hosts of light surround the Almighty Sovereign, each surpassing the splendor of the sun, glorious and resplendent with rays derived from the everlasting source of light. There the soul enjoys its existence, surrounded by fair and unfading blessings; there is a life beyond the reach of sorrow ; there the enjoyment of pure and holy pleasures, and a time of uning, indeed, and making all, but receiving

no increase from any.

Kindred to this is the triad ; equally indivisible and perfect, the first of those sums which are formed of even and uneven numbers.

For the perfect number two, receiving the addition of the unit, forms the triad, the first perfect compound number.

And the triad, by explaining what equality is, first taught men justice, having itself an equal beginning, and middle, and end.

And it is also an image of the mysterious, most holy, and royal Trinity, which, though itself without beginning or origin, yet contains the germs, the reasons,

measured and endless duration, extending into illimitable space; not defined by intervals of days and months, the revolutions of years, or the recurrence of times and seasons, but commensurate with a life which knows no end. And this life needs not the light of the sun, nor the lustre of the moon or the starry host, since it has the great Luminary himself, even God the Word, the only begotten Son of the Almighty Sovereign.

Hence it is that the mystic and sacred oracles reveal him to be the Sun of righteousness, and the Light which far transcends all light. We believe that he illumines also the thrice-blessed powers of heaven with the rays of righteousness, and the brightness of wisdom, and that he receives truly pious souls, not within the sphere of heaven alone, but into his own bosom, and confirms indeed the assurances which he himself has given.

mortal eye has seen, nor ear heard, nor can the mind in its vesture of flesh understand what things are prepared for those who have been here adorned with the graces of godliness ; blessings which await thee too, most pious emperor, to whom alone since the world began has the Almighty Sovereign of the universe granted power to purify the course of human life: to whom also he has revealed his own symbol of salvation, whereby he overcame the power of and causes of the existence of all created things.

Thus the power of the triad may

justly be regarded as the first cause of all things.

Again, the number ten, which contains the end of all numbers, and terminates them in itself, may truly be called a full and perfect number, as comprehending every species and

every measure of numbers, proportions, concords, and harmonies.

For example, the units by addition form and are terminated by the number ten; and, having this number as their parent, and as it were the limit of their course, they round this as the goal of their career.

Then they perform a second circuit, and again a third, and a fourth, until the tenth, and thus by ten decades they complete the hundredth number.

Returning thence to the first starting point, they again proceed to the number ten, and having ten times completed the hundredth number, again they recede, and perform round the same barriers their protracted course, proceeding from themselves back to themselves again, with revolving motion.

For the unit is the tenth of ten, and ten units make up a decade, which is itself the limit, the settled goal and boundary of units: it is that which terminates the infinity of number ; the term and end of units.

Again, the triad combined with the decade, and performing a threefold circuit of tens, produces that most natural number, thirty.

For as the triad is in respect to units, so is the number thirty in respect to tens.

It is also the constant limit to the course of that luminary which is second to the sun in brightness.

For the course of the moon from one conjunction with the sun to the next, completes the period of a month ; after which, receiving as it were a second birth, it recommences a new light, and other death, and triumphed over every enemy.

And this victorious trophy, the scourge of evil spirits, thou hast arrayed against the errors of idol worship, and hast obtained the victory not only over all thy impious and savage foes, but over equally barbarous adversaries, the evil spirits themselves.

CHAPTER VII.

For whereas we are composed of two

distinct natures, I mean of body and spirit, of which the one is visible to all, the other invisible, against both these natures two kinds of barbarous and savage enemies, the one invisibly, the other openly, are constantly arrayed. days, being adorned and honored with thirty

units, three decades, and ten triads.

In the same manner is the universal reign of our

CONSTANTINE.

590° self infatuated with the love of women, and of Ganymede :* hence the. licentious legends of deities abandoned to effeminacy and pleasure.

Such were the weapons of superstition

whereby these cruel barbarians and enemies of the Supreme God afflicted, and indeed entirely subdued, the human race ; erecting everywhere the monuments of impiety, and rearing in every corner the shrines and temples of their false religion.

Nay, so far were the

ruling powers of those times enslaved by the force of error, as to appease their gods with the blood of their own countrymen and kindred ; to whet their swords against those who stood forward to defend the truth ; to maintain a ruthless war and raise unholy hands, not against foreign or barbarian foes, but against men bound to them by the ties of family and affection, against brethren, and kinsmen, and dearest friends, who had resolved, in the practice of virtue and true piety, to honor and worship

God.

Such was the spirit of madness with

which these princes sacrificed to their demon deities men consecrated to the service of the King of kings.

On the other hand their victims, as noble martyrs in the cause of true godliness, resolved to welcome a glorious death in preference to life itself, and utterly despised these cruelties.

Strengthened, as soldiers of God, with patient fortitude, they mocked at death in all its forms; at fire, and sword, and the torment of crucifixion ; at exposure to savage beasts, and drowning in the depths of the sea ; at the cutting off and searing of limbs, the digging out of eyes, the mutilation of the whole body ; lastly, at famine, the labor of the mines, and captivity: nay, all these sufferings they counted better than any earthly good or pleasure, for the love they bore their heavenly King.

In like manner women also evinced a spirit of constancy and courage not inferior to that of men.

Some endured the same conflicts

with them, and obtained a like reward of their virtue: others, forcibly carried off to be the victims of violence and pollution, welcomed death rather than dishonor ; while many, very many more, endured not even to hear the same threats wherewith they were assailed by the provincial governors, but boldly sustained every variety of torture, and sentence of death in every form.

Thus did these valiant soldiers of the Almighty Sovereign maintain the conflict with steadfast fortitude of soul against the hostile forces of polytheism: and thus did these enemies of God and adversaries of man's salvation, more cruel far than the ferocious savage, delight in libations of human blood: thus did

RO dri inane deaneiere ION in Waki Ne oto yo) The one oppose our bodies with bodily force : the other with incorporeal assaults besiege the naked soul itself.

Again, the visible barbarians, like the wild nomad tribes, no better than savage beasts, assail the nations of civilized men, ravage their country, and enslave their cities, rushing on those who inhabit them like ruthless wolves of the desert, and destroying all who fall under their power.

But those unseen foes, more cruel far than barbarians, I mean the soul-destroying demons whose course is through the regions of the air, had succeeded, through the snares of vile polytheism, in enslaving the entire human race, insomuch that they no longer recognized the true God, but wandered in the mazes of atheistic error.

For they procured, I know not whence, gods who never anywhere existed, and set him aside who is the only and the true God, as though he were not.

Accordingly the generation of bodies was esteemed by them a deity, and so the opposite principle to this, their dissolution and destruction, was also deified.

The first, as the author of generative power, was honored with rites under the name of Venus:! the second, as rich, and mighty in dominion over the human race, received the names of Pluto, and Death.

For men in those ages, knowing no other than naturally generated life, declared the cause and origin of that life to be divine : and again, believing in no existence after death, they proclaimed

Death himself a universal conqueror and a mighty god.

Hence, unconscious of responsibility, as destined to be annihilated by death, they lived a life unworthy of the name, in the practice of actions deserving a thousand deaths.

No thought of God could enter their minds, no expectation of Divine judgment, no recollection

of, no reflection on, their spiritual existence : acknowledging one dread superior, Death, and persuaded that the dissolution of their bodies by his power was final annihilation, they bestowed on Death the title of a mighty, a wealthy god, and hence the name of Pluto.?

Thus, then, Death became to them a god; nor only so, but whatever else they accounted precious in comparison with death, whatever contributed to

the luxuries of life. Hence animal pleasure became to them a god; nutrition, and its production, a god; the fruit of trees, a god; drunken riot, a god ; carnal desire and pleasure, a god.

Hence the mysteries of Ceres and Proserpine, the rape of the latter, and her subsequent restoration, by Pluto: hence the orgies of Bacchus, and Hercules overcome by drunkenness as by a mightier god: hence the adulterous rites of Cupid and of Venus: hence Jupiter him- ® On these various names, compare Smith, Dict.

Roms Biog. of Gr. and 1 Or Aphrodite.

2 [Méyav Oedv Kal mAovatov, mapa Kat TlAovtwva, tov Odvarov avnyopevov, — Bag. ny op iE 4 For account of the various compare the Church History, details of persecution mentioned,

THE ORATION OF EUSEBIUS.

poe Sa Ce ee Ve eee twofold race of barbarians ; soothing the savage tribes of men by prudent embassies, compelling them to know and acknowledge their superiors, and reclaiming them from a lawless and brutal life to the governance of reason and humanity ; at the same time that he proved by the facts themselves that the fierce and ruthless race of unseen spirits had long ago been vanquished by a higher power.

For he who is the preserver of the universe had punished these invisible spirits by an invisible judgment : and our emperor, as the delegate of the Supreme Sovereign, has followed up the victory, bearing away the spoils of those who have long since died and mouldered into dust, and distributing the plunder with lavish hand among the soldiers of his victorious Lord.® their ministers drain as it were the cup of unrighteous slaughter in honor of the demons whom they served, and prepare for them this dread and impious banquet, to the ruin of

the human race.

In these sad circumstances, what course should the God and King of these afflicted ones pursue?

Could he be careless of the safety of his dearest friends, or abandon his servants in this great extremity?

Surely none could deem him a wary pilot, who, without an effort to save his fellow-mariners, should suffer his vessel to sink with all her crew: surely no general could be found so reckless as to yield his own allies, without resistance, to the mercy of the foe: nor can a faithful shepherd regard with unconcern the straying of a single sheep from his flock, but will rather leave the rest in safety, and dare all things for the wanderer's sake, even, if need be, to contend

with savage beasts.

The zeal, however, of the great Sovereign of all was for no unconscious® sheep: his care was exercised for his own faithful host, for those who sustained the battle for his sake : whose conflicts in the cause of godliness he himself approved, and honored those who had returned to his presence with the prize of victory which he only can bestow, uniting them to the angelic choirs.

Others he still preserved on earth, to communicate the living seeds of piety to future generations; to be at once eye-witnesses of his vengeance on the ungodly, and narrators

of the events.

After this he outstretched his arm in judgment on the adversaries, and utterly destroyed them with the stroke of Divine wrath, compelling them, how reluctant soever, to confess with their own lips and recant their wickedness, but raising from the ground and

CHAPTER VIII.

For as soon as he understood that the

ignorant multitudes were inspired with a vain and childish dread of these bugbears of error, wrought in gold and silver, he judged it right to remove these also, like stumblingstones thrown in the path of men walking in the dark, and henceforward to open a royal road, plain and unobstructed, to all.

Hav-

ing formed this resolution, he considered that no soldiers or military force of any sort was needed for the repression of the evil: a few of his own friends sufficed for this service, and these he sent by a simple expression of his will to visit each several province.

Accordingly, sustained by confidence in the emperor's piety and their own personal devotion to God, they passed through the midst of numberless tribes and nations, abolishing this ancient system of error in every city and country.

They ordered the priests themselves, in the midst of general laughter and scorn, to bring theiv gods from their dark recesses to the light of day.

They then stripped them of their ornaments, and exhibited to the gaze of all the unsightly reality which had been hidden beneath a painted exterior: and lastly, whatever part of the material appeared to be of value they scraped off and melted in the fire to prove its worth, after which they secured and set apart whatever they judged needful for their purposes, leaving to the superstitious worshipers what was altogether useless, as a memorial of 'their shame.

Meanwhile our admirable prince

was himself engaged in a work similar to that we have described.

For at the same time that these costly images of the dead were stripped, as we have said, of their precious exalting gloriously those who had long been

oppressed and disclaimed by all.

Such were the dealings of the Supreme Sovereign, who ordained an invincible champion to be the minister of his heaven-sent vengeance

(for our emperor's surpassing piety delights in the title of Servant of God), and him he has proved victorious over all that opposed him, having raised him up, an individual against many foes.

For they were indeed numberless, being the friends of many evil spirits (though in reality they were nothing, and hence are now no more) ; but our emperor is one, appointed by, and the representative of, the one Almighty

Sovereign.

And they, in the very spirit of impiety, destroyed the righteous with cruel slaughter: but he, in imitation of his Saviour, and knowing only how to save men's lives, has spared and instructed in godliness the im-

pious themselves.

And so, as truly worthy the name of Vicror, he has subdued the 6 [That is, stripping the images of those whose temples he destroyed, and apportioning the spoils among his Christian followers.

See the next chapter, which is mostly a transcript of the 54th and 5 '6 GAdyou." g5th chapters of the Third Book of the Life of Constantine. — Bag.|

CONSTANTINE.

materials, he also attacked those composed of brass ; causing those to be dragged from their places with ropes, and, as it were, carried away captive, whom the dotage of mythology had esteemed as gods.

The next care of our august emperor was to kindle, as it were, a brilliant torch, by the light of which he directed his imperial gaze around, to see if any hidden

vestiges of error might yet exist.

And as the keen-sighted eagle in its heavenward flight is able to descry from its lofty height the most distant objects on the earth: so did he, whilst residing in the imperial palace of his own fair city, discover, as from a watch-tower, a hidden and fatal snare of souls in the province of Pheenicia.

This was a grove and temple, not situated in the midst of any city, or in any pubown deliverance from such fatal error.) Thus speedily, according to the counsel

of the mighty God, and through our emperor's agency, was every enemy, whether visible or unseen, utterly removed: and henceforward peace, the happy nurse of youth, extended her reign throughout the world.

Wars were no more, for the gods were not: no more did warfare in country or town, no more did the effusion of human blood, distress mankind, as heretofore, when demon-worship and the madness of idolatry prevailed.

CHAPTER IX.

AND now we may well compare the presI ent with former things, and review these happy changes in contrast with the evils that are past, and mark the elaborate care with which in ancient times porches and sacred precincts, groves and temples, were prepared in every city for these false deities, and how their shrines were enriched with abundant offerings. The

sovereign rulers of those days had indeed a high regard for the worship of the gods.

The nations also and people subject to their power honored them with images both in the country and in every city, nay, even in their houses and secret chambers, according to the religious practice of their fathers.

The fruit, however, of this devotion, far different from the peaceful concord which now meets our view, appeared in war, in battles, and seditions, which harassed them throughout their lives, and deluged their countries with blood and civil slaughter.

Again, the objects of their worship could

hold out to these sovereigns with artful flattery the promise of prophecies, and oracles, and the knowledge of futurity: yet could they not predict their own destruction, nor forewarn themselves of the coming ruin: and surely this was the greatest and most convincing proof of their imposture.

Not one of those whose words once were heard with awe and wonder, had announced the glorious advent of the Saviour of mankind,! or that new revelation of divine knowledge which he came to give.

Not Pythius himself, nor any of those mighty gods, could apprehend the prospect of their approaching desolation ; nor could their oracles point at him who was to be their conqueror and destroyer.

What prophet or diviner could

foretell that their rites would vanish at the presence of a new Deity in the world, and that the knowledge and worship of the Almighty

Sovereign should be freely given to all mankind? me lic place, as for splendor of effect is gener-

ally the case, but apart from the beaten and frequented road, on part of the summit of Mount Lebanon, and dedicated to the foul demon known by the name of Venus.

It was a school of wickedness for all the abandoned votaries of impurity and such as destroyed their bodies with effeminacy.

Here men undeserving the name forgot the dignity of their sex, and propitiated the demon by their effeminate conduct: here too unlawful commerce of women, and adulterous intercourse, with other horrible and infamous practices, were perpetrated in this temple as in a place beyond the scope and restraint of law.

Meantime these evils remained unchecked by the presence of any observer, since no one of fair character ventured to visit such scenes.

These proceedings, however, could not escape the vigilance of our august emperor, who, having himself inspected them with characteristic forethought, and judging that such a temple was unfit for the light of heaven, gave orders that the building with its offerings should be utterly destroyed.

Accordingly, in obedience to the imperial edict, these engines of an impure superstition were immediately abolished, and the hand of military force was made instrumental in purging the place.

And now those who had heretofore lived without restraint, learned,

through the imperial threat of punishment,

to practice self-control.

Thus did our emperor tear the mask from this system of delusive wickedness, and expose it to the public gaze, at the same time proclaiming openly his

Saviour's name to all.

No advocate appeared ; neither god nor demon, prophet nor diviner, could lend his aid to the detected authors of the imposture.

For the souls of men were no longer enveloped in thick darkness: but enlightened by the rays of true godliness, they deplored the ignorance and pitied the blindness of their forefathers, rejoicing at the same time in their

1 "The Pharisee stood and prayed thus with himself, God, I thank thee that I am not as the rest of men."

1 He seems to disagree with the view of the heathen prophecy which his imperial hearer maintained in his Oration to the Saints.

THE ORATION OF EUSEBIUS.

eee eee eee ee accordance with the divine ordinances, uplifting their hands towards heaven, and raising their mental vision higher still to the King of heaven, on whom they should call as the Author of victory, their preserver, guardian, and helper.

He commanded too, that one day should be regarded as a special occasion for religious worship; 1 mean that which is truly the first and chief of all, the day of our Lord and Saviour ; that day the name of which is connected with light, and life, and immortality, and every good.

Prescribing the same pious conduct to him-

self, he honored his Saviour in the chambers of his palace, performing his devotions according to the Divine commands, and storing his mind with instruction through the hearing of the sacred word.

The entire care of his household was intrusted to ministers devoted to the service of God, and distinguished by gravity of life and every other virtue ; while his trusty body-guards, strong in affection and fidelity to his person, found in their emperor an instructor in the practice of a godly life. honor with which he regards the victoriWhich of them foreknew the august and pious reign of our victorious emperor, or his triumphant conquests everywhere over the false demons, or the overthrow of their high places?

Which of the heroes has announced the melting down and conversion of the lifeless statues from their useless forms to the necessary uses of men?

Which of the gods have yet had power to speak of their own images thus melted and contemptuously reduced to fragments ?

Where were the protecting powers, that they should not interpose to save their sacred memorials, thus destroyed by man?

Where, I ask, are those who once maintained the strife of war, yet now behold their conquerors abiding securely in the profoundest peace?

And where are they who upheld themselves in a blind and foolish confidence, and trusted in these vanities as gods; but who, in the very height of their superstitious error, and while maintaining an implacable war with the champions of the truth, perished by a fate proportioned to their

crimes?

Where is the giant race whose arms were turned against heaven itself; the hissings of those serpents whose tongues were pointed with impious words against the Almighty

King?

These adversaries of the Lord of all, confident in the aid of a multitude of gods, advanced to the attack with a powerful array of military force, preceded by certain images of the dead, and lifeless statues, as their defense. On the other side our emperor, secure in the armor of godliness, opposed to the numbers of the enemy the salutary and life-giving Sign, as at the same time a terror to the foe, and a protection against every harm; and returned victorious at once over the enemy and the demons whom they served? And then, with thanksgiving and praise, the tokens of a grateful spirit, to the Author of his victory, he proclaimed this triumphant Sign, by monuments as well as words, to all mankind, erecting it as a mighty trophy against every enemy in the midst of the imperial city, and expressly enjoining on all to acknowledge this imperishable symbol of salvation as the safeAgain, the

ous Sign is founded on his actual experience Before this the hosts of his enemies have disappeared: by this of its divine efficacy. the powers of the unseen spirits have been turned to flight: through this the proud boastings of God's adversaries have come to nought, and the tongues of the profane and blasphemous been put to silence.

By this Sign the Barbarian tribes were vanquished: through this the rites of superstitious fraud received a just rebuke: by this our emperor, discharging as it were a sacred debt, has performed the crowning good of all, by erecting triumphant memorials of its value in all parts of the world, raising temples and churches on a scale of royal costliness, and commanding all to unite in constructing the sacred houses of prayer.

Accordingly these signal proofs of our em-

peror's magnificence forthwith appeared in the provinces and cities of the empire, and soon shone conspicuously in every country ; convincing memorials of the rebuke and overthrow of those impious tyrants who but a little while before had madly dared to fight against God, and, raging like savage dogs, had vented on unconscious buildings that fury which they were unable to level against him ; had thrown to the ground and upturned the very foundations of the houses of prayer, causing them to present the appearance of a city captured and abandoned to the enemy.

Such was the exhibition of that wicked spirit whereby they sought as it were to assail God himself, but soon experienced the result of their own madness and folly.

But a little time elapsed, when a single blast of the storm of Heaven's displeasure swept guard of the power of Rome and of the

empire of the world.

Such were the instructions which he gave to his subjects generally ; but especially to his soldiers, whom he admonished to repose their confidence, not in their weapons, or armor, or bodily strength, but to acknowledge the Supreme God as the giver of every good, and of victory itself.

Thus did the emperor himself, strange and incredible as the fact may seem, become the instructor of his army in their religious exercises, and teach them to offer pious prayers in eae es ae 2 a compare This sen2 For details respecting the following enumeration, the Life of Constantine, of which this is a résumé. tence and the preceding are taken almost word for word from ch, 16 of Bk. II,

CONSTANTINE.

all mankind; that Cross which has in-

deed repaid his pious zeal; through which his house and throne alike have prospered, his reign has been confirmed for a lengthened series of years, and the rewards of virtue bestowed on his noble sons, his kindred, and their descendants.

And surely it is a mighty evi-

dence of the power of that God whom he serves, that he has held the balances of justice with an equal hand, and has apportioned them utterly away, leaving neither kindred, nor offspring, nor memorial of tueir existence among men: for all, numerous as they were, disappeared as in a moment beneath the stroke

of Divine vengeance.

Such, then, was the fate which awaited these furious adversaries of God: but he who, armed with the salutary

Trophy, had alone opposed them (nay rather, not alone, but aided by the presence and the power of him who is the only Sovereign), has replaced the ruined edifices on a greater scale, and made the second far superior to the first.

For example, besides erecting various churches to the honor of God in the city which bears his name, and adorning the Bithynian capital with another on the greatest and most splendid scale, he has distinguished the principal cities of the to each party their due reward.

With regard to the destroyers of the houses of prayer, the penalty of their impious conduct followed hard upon them: forthwith were they swept away, and left neither race, nor house, nor family behind.

On the other hand, he whose pious devotion to his Lord is conspicuous in his every act, who raises royal temples to his honor, and proclaims his name to his subjects by sacred offerings throughout the world, he, I say, has deservedly experienced him to be the preserver and defender of his imperial house and race.

Thus clearly have the dealings of God been manifested, and this through the sacred efficacy of the salutary Sign. other provinces by structures of a similar

kind.

Above all, he has selected two places in the eastern division of the empire, the one in Palestine (since from. thence the lifegiving stream has flowed as from a fountain fcr the blessing of all nations), the other in that metropolis of the East which derives its name from that of Antiochus ; in which, as the head of that portion of the empire, he has consecrated to the service of God a church of unparalleled size and beauty.

The entire building is encompassed by an enclosure of great extent, within which the church itself rises to a vast elevation, of an octagonal form, surrounded by many chambers and courts on every side, and dec-

CHAPTER X.

Mucu might indeed be said of this salu-

tary Sign, by those who are skilled in the mysteries of our Divine religion.

For it is in very truth the symbol of salvation, wondrous to speak of, more wondrous still to conceive; the appearance of which on earth has thrown the fictions of all false religion from the beginning into the deepest shade, has buried superstitious error in darkness and oblivion, and has revealed to all that spiritual light which enlightens the souls of men, even the knowledge of the only true God.

Hence the universal change

for the better, which leads men to spurn their lifeless idols, to trample under foot the lawless rites of their demon deities, and laugh to scorn the time-honored follies of their fathers.

Hence, too, the establishment in every place of those schools of sacred learning, wherein men are taught the precepts of saving truth, and dread no more those objects of creation which are seen by the natural eye, nor direct a gaze of wonder at the sun, the moon, or stars ; but acknowledge him who is above all these, that invisible Being who is the Creator of them all, and learn to worship him alone.

Such

are the blessings resulting to mankind from this great and wondrous Sign, by virtue of which the evils which once existed are now no more, and virtues heretofore unknown shine everywhere resplendent with the light of true godliness, Discourses, and precepts, and

orated with ornaments of the richest kind.'

Such was his work here.

Again, in the province of Palestine, in that city which was once the seat of Hebrew sovereignty, on the very site of the Lord's sepulchre, he has raised a church of noble dimensions, and adorned a temple sacred to the salutary Cross with rich and lavish magnificence, honoring that everlasting monument, and the trophies of the Saviour's victory over the power of death, with a splendor which no language can describe.

In the same country he discovered three places venerable as the localities of three sacred caves: and these also he adorned with costly structures, paying a fitting tribute of reverence to the scene of the first manifestation of the Saviour's presence; while at the second cavern he hallowed the remembrance of his final ascension from the mountain top; and celebrated his mighty conflict, and the victory which crowned it, at the third All these places our emperor thus adorned in the hope of proclaiming the symbol of redemption to 3 Almost word for word from the A, Bk. III. ch. 50.

4 [In the Life of Constantine (vide [Bk. III. ch. 41] supra), Eusebius mentions two caves only, and speaks of the churches built by Helena at Bethlehem and on the Mount of Olives.

He here alludes to the magnificent church erected by Constantine at the Lord's sepulchre, and ascribes to him those of Helena also, as having been raised at the emperor's expense.

Valesius, ad loc. — Bag.]

THE ORATION OF EUSEBIUS.

ee EE ee to thee those secret wonders which he himself, not through the agency of man, but through our common Saviour, and the frequent light of his

Divine presence has long since revealed and unfolded to thy view: but in the hope of leading the unlearned to the light, and displaying before those who know them not the causes and motives of thy pious deeds.

Trueitis

that thy noble efforts for the daily worship and honor of the Supreme God throughout the habitable world, are the theme of universal praise.

But those records of gratitude to thy Saviour and Preserver which thou hast dedicated in our own province of Palestine, and in that city from which as from a fountain-head the Saviour Word? has issued forth to all mankind ; and again, the hallowed edifices and consecrated temples which thou hast raised as trophies of his victory over death; and those lofty and noble structures, imperial monuments of an imperial spirit, which thou hast erected in honor of the everlasting memory of the Saviour's tomb ; the cause, I say, of these things is not equally obvious to all.

Those, indeed, who are en-

lightened in heavenly knowledge by the power of the Divine Spirit, well understand the cause, and justly admire and bless thee for that counsel and resolution which Heaven itself inspired.

On the other hand the ignorant and spiritually blind regard these designs with open mockery and scorn, and deem it a strange and unworthy thing indeed that so mighty a prince should waste his zeal on the graves and monuments of the dead.

"Were it not

better," such a one might say, "to cherish those rites which are hallowed by ancient usage ; to seek the favor of those gods and heroes whose worship is observed in every province ; instead of rejecting and disclaiming them, because subject to the calamities incident to man?

Surely they may claim equal honors with him who himself has suffered: or, if they are to be rejected, as not exempt from the sorrows of humanity, the same award would justly be pronounced respecting him."

Thus, with important and contracted brow, might he give utterance in pompous language to his self-imagined wisdom.

Filled with compassion for this

ignorance, the gracious Word of our most beneficent Father freely invites, not such a one

CHAPTER XI. alone, but all who are in the path of error, to receive instruction in Divine knowledge; and

AND now, victorious and mighty Con- | has ordained the means of such instruction stantine, in this discourse, whose noble argument is the glory of the Almighty King, let me lay before thee some of the mysteries of his sacred truth: not as presuming to instruct thee, who art thyself taught of God; nor to disclose it a all CS SE SS ETS exhortations to a virtuous and holy life, are proclaimed in the ears of all nations.

Nay, the emperor himself proclaims them: and it is indeed a marvel that this mighty prince, raising his voice in the hearing of all the world, like an interpreter of the Almighty Sovereign's will, invites his subjects in every country to the

knowledge of the true God.

No more, as in former times, is the babbling of impious men heard in the imperial palace ; but priests and pious worshipers of God together celebrate his majesty with royal hymns of praise.

The name of the one Supreme Ruler of the universe is proclaimed to all: the gospel of glad tidings connects the human race with its Almighty King, declaring the grace and love of the heavenly

Father to his children on the earth.

His praise is everywhere sung in triumphant strains : the voice of mortal man is blended with the har-

mony of the angelic choirs in heaven; and the reasoning soul employs the body which invests it as an instrument for sounding forth a fitting tribute of praise and adoration to his name.

The nations of the East and the West are instructed at the same moment in his precepts: the people of the Northern and Southern regions unite with one accord, under the influence of the same principles and laws, in the pursuit of a godly life, in praising the one

Supreme God, in acknowledging his only begotten Son their Saviour as the source of every blessing, and our emperor as the one ruler on the earth, together with his pious sons.

He himself,as a skillful pilot, sits on high at the helm of state, and directs the vessel with unerring course, conducting his people as it were with favoring breeze to a secure and tranquil haven.

Meanwhile God himself, the great Sovereign, extends the right hand of his power from above for his protection, giving him victory over every foe, and establishing his empire by a lengthened period of years: and he will bestow on him yet higher blessings, and confirm in every deed the truth of his own promises.

But on these we may not at present dwell; but must await the change to a better world: for it is not given to mortal eyes or ears of flesh, fully to apprehend the things of God.' throughout the world, in every country and village, in cultivated and desert lands alike, and in every city: and, as a gracious Saviour and Physician of the soul, calls on the Greek and the Barbarian, the wise and the unlearned, the rich

See eee ee Se ae 1 Here the author seems to speak doubly of the Word and the 1 At this point, according to some (compare Special Prolegom- : word, ena), one oration ends and another begins.

CONSTANTINE.

never would have had existence, or even name, except as obedient to that Word of God who made the world: such persons in my judgment resemble those who overlook the master hand which gives its magnificence to a royal palace ; and, while lost in wonder at its roofs and walls, the paintings of varied beauty and coloring which adorn them, and its gilded ceilings and sculptures, ascribe to them the praise of that skill which belongs to the artist whose work they are: whereas they should assign the cause of their wonder, not to these visible objects, but to the architect himself, and confess that the proofs of skill are indeed manifest, but that he alone is the possessor of that skill who has made them what they are.

Again, well

might we liken those to children, who should admire the seven-stringed lyre, and disregard him who invented or has power to use it: or those who forget the valiant warrior, and adorn his spear and shield with the chaplet of victory: or, lastly, those who hold the squares and streets, the public buildings, temples, and gymnasia of a great and royal city in equal honor with its founder; forgetting that their admiration is due, not to lifeless stones, but to him whose wisdom planned and executed these mighty works.

Not less absurd is it for those who regard this universe with the natural eye to ascribe its origin to the sun, or moon, or any other heavenly body.

Rather let them confess that these are themselves the works of a higher wisdom, remember the Maker and Framer of them all, and render to him the praise and honor above all created objects. Nay rather, inspired by the sight of these very objects, let them address themselves with full purpose of heart to glorify and worship him who is now invisible to mortal eye, but perceived by the clear and unclouded vision of the soul, the supremely sovereign Word of God.

To take the instance of the human body: no one has yet conferred the attribute of wisdom on the eyes, or head, the hands, or feet, or other members, far less on the outward clothing, of a wise and learned man: no one terms the philosopher's household furniture and utensils, wise: but every rational person admires that invisible and secret power, the mind of the man himself.

How much more, then, is our admiration due, not to the visible mechanism of the universe, material as it is, and formed of the selfsame elements ; but to that invisible Word who has moulded and arranged it all, who is the onlybegotten Son of God, and whom the Maker of all things, who far transcends all being, has begotten of himself, and appointed Lord and Governor of this universe?

For since it was impossible that perishable bodies, or the rational spirits which he had created, should and the poor, the servant and his master, the subject and his lord, the ungodly, the profane, the ignorant, the evil-doer, the blasphemer, alike to draw near, and hasten to receive his heavenly cure.

And thus in time past had he clearly announced to all the pardon of former transgressions, saying, "Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest."* And again, "I am not come to call the righteous, but sinners, to repentance."®

And he adds the reason, saying, " For they that are whole need not a physician, but they that are sick."* And again, "I desire not the death of a sinner, but rather that he

should repent."*® Hence it is only for those who are themselves instructed in Divine things and understand the motives of that zeal of which these works are the result, to appreciate the more than numan impulse by which our emperor was guided, to admire his piety toward God, and to believe his care for the memorial of our Saviour's resurrection to be a desire imparted from above, and truly inspired by that Sovereign, to be whose faithful servant and minister for good is his proudest boast.

In full persuasion, then, of thy approval, most mighty emperor, I desire at this present time to proclaim to all the reasons and motives of thy pious works.

I desire to stand as

_ the interpreter of thy designs, to explain the counsels of a soul devoted to the love of God.

I propose to teach all men, what all should know who care to understand the principles on which our Saviour God employs his power, the reasons for which he who was the pre-existent

Controller of all things at length descended to us from heaven; the reasons for which he assumed our nature, and submitted even to the power of death.

I shall declare the causes of that immortal life which followed, and of his resurrection from the dead.

Once more, I shall adduce convincing proofs and arguments, for the sake of those who yet need such

testimony: and now let me commence my appointed task.

Those who transfer the worship due to that God who formed and rules the world to the works of his hand ; who hold the sun and moon, or other parts of this material system, nay, the elements themselves, earth, water, air, and fire, in equal honor with the Creator of them all; who give the name of gods to things which

2 Matt. xi. 28.

3 Matt, xi. 13.

R. V.: 'For I came not to call the righteous, but sinners."

The text here has the reading e.cweravoray, omitted by Tischendorf and the revisers with XB, etc., but supported by CEGKL, sab. cop., etc.

It is worth noting that it is not in the Sinaitic, and if this text reading is correct it would nearly overthrow the possibility that this MS, was one of those prepared under the direction of Eusebius.

Matt, xi, r2.

5 Ezek, xvili. 23.

R.V.:

'' Have I any pleasure in the death of the wicked, saith the Lord God: and not rather that he should return from his way and live?"

THE ORATION OF EUSEBIUS.

See ees Oe cession of the human race, and given it as it were an endless term of duration?

Who has moulded the male and female form, adapted their mutual relations with perfect harmony, and given one common principle of production to every living creature?

Who changes the character of the fluid and corruptible seed, which in itself is void of reason, and gives it its prolific power?

Who is at this moment working these and ten thousand effects more wonderful than these, nay, surpassing all wonder, and with invisible influence is daily and hourly perpetuating the production of them all?

Surely

the wonder-working and truly omnipotent Word of God may well be deemed the efficient cause of all these things: that Word who, diffusing himself through all creation, pervading height and depth with incorporeal energy, and embracing the length and breadth of the universe within his mighty grasp, has compacted and reduced to order this entire system, from whose unreasoned and formless matter he has framed for himself an instrument of perfect harmony, the nicely balanced chords and notes of which he touches with all-wise and unerring skill,

He it is who governs the sun, and moon, and the other luminaries of heaven by inexplicable laws, and directs their motions for the service of the universal whole.

is this Word of God who has stooped to the earth on which we live, and created the manifold species of animals, and the fair varieties of the vegetable world.

It is this same Word who has penetrated the recesses of the deep, has given their being to the finny race, and produced the countless forms of life which there exist.

It is he who fashions the burden of the womb, and informs it in nature's laboratory with the principle of life.

By him the fluid and heavy moisture is raised on high, and then, sweetened by a purifying change, descends in measured quantities to the earth, and at stated seasons in more profuse supply. Like a skillful husbandman,

he fully irrigates the land, tempers the moist and dry in just proportion, diversifying the whole with brilliant flowers, with aspects of varied beauty, with pleasant fragrance, with alternating varieties of fruits, and countless gratifications for the taste of men.

But why do I dare essay a hopeless task, to recount the mighty works of the Word of God, and describe an energy which surpasses mortal thought?

By some, indeed, he has been termed the Nature of the universe, by others, the World-Soul, by others, Fate.

Others again have declared him to be the most High God himself, strangely confounding things most widely different; bringing down to this earth, uniting to a corruptible and material body, and assigning to that supreme and unbegotten Power who is Lord of all an intermediate place between approach the Supreme God, by reason of their immeasurable distance from his. perfections, for he is unbegotten, above and beyond all creation, ineffable, inaccessible, unapproachable, dwelling, as his holy word assures us,' in the light which none can enter; but they were created from nothing, and are infinitely far removed from his unbegotten Essence; well has the all-gracious and Almighty God interposed as it were an intermediate Power' between himself and them, even the Divine omnipotence of his only-begotten

Word.

And this Power, which is in perfect nearness and intimacy of union, with the Father, which abides in him, and shares his secret counsels, has yet condescended, in fullness of grace, as it were to conform itself to those who are so far removed from the supreme majesty of God.

How else, consistently with his own holiness, could he who is far above and beyond all things unite himself to corruptible and corporeal matter?

Accordingly the Divine Word, thus connecting himself with this universe, and receiving into his hands the reins, as it were, of the world, turns and directs it as a skillful charioteer ac-

cording to his own will and pleasure.

The proof of these assertions is evident.

For supposing that those component parts of the world which we call elements, as earth, water, air, and fire, the nature of which is manifestly without intelligence, are self-existent; and if they have one common essence, which they who are skilled in natural science call the great receptacle, mother, and nurse of all things ; and if this itself be utterly devoid of shape and figure, of soul and reason; whence shall we say it has obtained its present form and beauty?

To what shall we ascribe the distinction of the elements, or the union of things contrary in their very nature?

Who has commanded the liquid water to sustain the heavy element of earth?

Who has turned back the waters from their downward course, and carried them aloft in clouds?

Who has bound the force of fire, and caused it to lie latent in wood, and to combine with substances most contrary to itself?

Who has mingled the cold air with heat, and thus reconciled the enmity of opposing principles?

Who has devised the continuous suc6 x Tim. vi. 16.

7 [This whole passage (which is defended by Valesius) appears, if rigidly interpreted, to lie under suspicion of a tinge of Arianism.

— bag.) It savors directly of Philo.

His doctrine was of an ineffable God, above and separate from matter, and defiled by any contact with it.

To bring him into connection with created things he introduced intermediate beings, or '' powers," the universal power including all the rest being the Logos.

Compare brief account in Zeller's Outlines of Greek Philosophy, p. 320-325; Siegfried, PAzlo von Alexandria (Jena, 1875), especially p. 199 sq., 219 sq., and p. 362-364, where he treats ve inadequately of Eusebius' dependence on Philo; also works of Philo and Eusebius' Prep. and Demonst. Ev.

There is a chance of viewing the Word thus as created, but if this is guarded against (as it is by him in the use of '' begotten'"'), there is nothing intrinsically heterodox in making the Word the Creator of the world and only Revealer of the Father.

The direct Philonian influence is seen in the phraseology of the following sentences,

CONSTANTINE.

senger of its father's thoughts, declares his secret counsels, and, conveying itself to the ears of others, accomplishes his designs.

And

thus the advantage of this faculty is enjoyed by all: yet no one has ever yet beheld irrational animals and rational mortals on the one hand, and immortal beings on the other.'

CHAPTER XII.

that invisible and hidden mind, which is the parent of the word itself.

In the same manner, or rather in a manner which far surpasses all likeness or comparison, the perfect Word of the Supreme God, as the only-begotten Son of the Father (not consisting in the power of utterance, nor comprehended in syllables and parts of speech, nor conveyed by a voice which vibrates on the air; but being himself the living and effectual Word of the most High, and subsisting personally as the Power and Wisdom of God),* proceeds from his Father's Deity and kingdom.'

Thus, being the perfect Offspring of a perfect Father, and the common Preserver of all things, he diffuses himself with living power throughout creation, and pours from his own fullness abundant supplies of reason,' wisdom, light, and every other blessing, not only on objects nearest to himself, but on those most remote, whether in earth, or sea, or any other sphere of being.

To all these

he appoints with perfect equity their limits, places, laws, and inheritance, allotting to each their suited portion according to his sovereign will.

To some he assigns the super-terrestrial regions, to others heaven itself as their habitation: others he places in ethereal space, others

On the other hand, the sacred doctrine teaches that he who is the supreme Source of good, and Cause of all things, is beyond all comprehension, and therefore inexpressible by word, or speech, or name ; surpassing the power, not of language only, but of thought itself.

Uncircumscribed by place, or body; neither in heaven, nor in ethereal space, nor in any other part of the universe ; but entirely independent of all things else, he pervades the depths of unexplored and secret wisdom.

'The sacred oracles teach us to acknowledge him as the only true God, apart from all corporeal essence, distinct from all subordinate ministration.

Hence it is said that all things are from him, but

notthrough him.?

And he himself dwelling as Sovereign in secret and undiscovered regions of unapproachable. light, ordains and disposes all things by the single power of his own will.

At his will whatever is, exists; without that will, it cannot be.

And his will is in every case for good, since he is essentially Goodness itself.

But he through whom are all things, even God the Word, proceeding in an ineffable manner from the Father above, as from an everlasting and exhaustless fountain, flows onward like a river with a full and abundant stream of power in air, and others still on earth.

He it is who transfers mankind from hence to another sphere, for the preservation of the universal whole.

And now let us select an illustration from our own experience.

The invisible and undiscovered mind within us, the essential nature of which no one has ever known, sits as a monarch in the seclusion of his secret chambers, and alone resolves on our course of action.

From this proceeds the only-begotten word from its father's bosom, begotten in a manner and by a power inexplicable to us; and is the first mesimpartially reviews their conduct here, and bestows a recompense according to the life and habits of each.

By him provision is made for the life and food, not of rational creatures only, but also of the brute creation, for the service of men; and while to the latter he

grants the enjoyment of a perishable and fleeting term of existence, the former he invites to a share in the possession of immortal life.

Thus universal is the agency of the Word of 8 [Of this somewhat obscure passage, a translator can do no more than give as nearly as possible a literal version.

The intellient reader will not fail to perceive that the author, here and in the Following chapter, has trodden on very dangerous ground. — Bag.]

Compare above notes on the relations of Eusebius and Philo.

God: everywhere present, and pervading all things by the power of his intelligence, he looks upward to his Father, and governs this lower creation, inferior to and consequent upon himself, in accordance with his will, as the common Preserver of all things.

Interme-

[Referring, apparently, to John xvii. 3, '' And this is life eternal, that they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom thou hast sent:" a passage which has been called a stronghold of the impugners of the Deity of Christ; but which, simply considered with its context, cannot fairly be understood to indicate any inferiority of the Son to the Father; but rather appears to speak of the mission of the former as the manifestation of the grace of him who is called '' the only true God" in contradistinction to the polytheism of the heathen world.

In other words, the knowledge of " the only true God," in connection with that of '' Jesus Christ whom he has sent," constitutes '' eternal life"; the one being ineffectual, and indeed impossible, without the other. — Bag.]

Compare 1 John v. 2021: '* That we know him that is true and we are in him that is true, even in his Son Jesus Christ.

This is the true God and eternal life," which seems to show that John had no idea of any subordination in essence in this matter.

8 The author is now speaking especially of the spoken or " expressed" word.

4 Compare r Cor. i. 24.

5 This conception that the Divine Word stands in something the same relation with the Father that the human word (internal and external) does to the human spirit has, at least, an interesting sugpecen towards the a ba ge of this curious mystery, which, for ack of a better word, it is the fashion just now to call a human personality, and which certainly is made in the image and likeness of God.

Unless there lurks in the idea some subtle heresy, one may venture to accept as an interesting analogy this relation of invisible self, self expressed to self (internal wont); self revealed (external word), and an expression carried to the point of embodiment (incarnation).

2 [But see, for a refutation of this statement, Rom. xi. 36, and Heb. ii. 10.— Bag.] Yet the second of these references clearly refers to the Son.

Eusebius, speaking of God the Father, has in mind the truth that all things were made by the Son, '' and without him was not anything made that hath been made."

John i. 3, 6 " Logos" again, — here the internal word,

THE ORATION OF EUSEBIUS.

ear LD work of a Creator, and consists of many parts, to be itself a god :* not knowing that the Divine

Nature can in no sense be divisible into parts ; since, if compounded, it must be so through the agency of another power; and that which is so compounded can never be Divine.

How indeed could it be so, if composed of unequal and dissimilar, and hence of worse and better elements?

Simple, indivisible, uncompounded, the Divine Nature exists at an infinite elevation above the visible constitution of this world.

And hence we are assured by the

clear testimony of the sacred Herald," that the Word of God, who is before all things, must be the sole Preserver of all intelligent beings: while God, who is above all, and the Author of the generation of the Word, being himself the Cause of all things, is rightly called the Father of the Word, as of his only-begotten

Son, himself acknowledging no superior Cause.

God, therefore, himself is One, and from him proceeds the one only-begotten Word, the omnipresent Preserver of all things.

And as the many-stringed lyre is composed of different chords, both sharp and flat, some slightly, others tensely strained, and others intermediate between the two extremes, yet all attuned according to the rules of harmonic art; even so this material world, compounded as it is of many elements, containing opposite and antagonist principles, as moisture and dryness, cold and heat, yet blended into one harmonious whole, may justly be termed a mighty instrument framed by the hand of God : an instrument on which the Divine Word, himself not composed of parts or opposing principles, but indivisible and uncompounded, performs with perfect skill, and produces a melody at once accordant with the will of his Father the Supreme Lord of all, and glorious to himself.

Again, as there are manifold external and internal parts and members comprised in a single body, yet one invisible soul, one undivided and incorporeal mind pervades the whole ; so is it in this creation, which, consisting of many parts, yet is but one: and so the One mighty, yea,

Almighty Word of God, pervading all things, and diffusing himself with undeviating energy throughout this universe, is the Cause of all things that exist therein.

Survey the com-

pass of this visible world.

Seest thou not how the same heaven contains within itself the countless courses and companies of the stars? diate, as it were, and attracting the created to the uncreated Essence, this Word of God exists as an unbroken bond between the two, uniting things most widely different by an inseparable tie.

He is the Providence which rules the universe; the guardian and director of the whole: he is the Power and Wisdom of God, the only-begotten God, the Word begotten of God himself.

For "In the beginning was the Ward, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

All things were made by him ; and without him was not anything made that hath been made"; as we learn from the words of the sacred writer.'

Through his vivifying power all nature grows and flourishes, refreshed by his continual showers, and invested

withavigor and beauty evernew.

Guiding the reigns of the universe, he holds its onward course in conformity to the Father's will ; and moves, as it were, the helm of this mighty ship.

This glorious Agent, the only-begotten Son of the Supreme God, begotten by the Father as his perfect Offspring, the Father has given to this world as the highest of all goods ; infusing his word, as spirit into a lifeless body, into unconscious nature; imparting light and energy to that which in itself was a rude, inanimate, and formless mass, through the Divine power.

Him therefore it is ours to acknowledge and regard as everywhere present, and giving life to matter and the elements of nature :® in him we see Light, even the spiritual offspring of inexpressible Light: one indeed in essence, as being the Son of one Father; but possessing in himself many and _ varied

powers.

The world is indeed divided into many parts; yet let us not therefore suppose that there are many independent Agents : nor, though creation's works be manifold, let us thence assume the existence of many gods.

How grievous the error of those childish and infatuated advocates of polytheistic worship, who deify the constituent parts of the universe, and divide into many that system which is only

one!

Such conduct resembles theirs who should abstract the eyes of an individual man, and term them the man himself, and the ears, another man, and so the head: or again, by an effort of thought should separate the neck, the breast and shoulders, the feet and hands, or other members, nay, the very powers of sense, and thus pronounce an individual to be a multitude of men.

Such folly must surely be rewarded with contempt by men of sense.

Yet such is he who from the component parts of a single world can devise for himself a multitude of gods, or even deem that world which is the 6 OE 6 ee ee el ee eee 9 A curious work just issued (anonymous), under the authority of the Bureau of Education, very complacently evolves the truth of existence out of the author's pure, untrammeled consciousness, — for he has never read any works either on science or on duaig' Lae and arrives at the condescending conclusion that there is a God; or rather, in the words of Eusebius, the author comes to " deem that world .

. to be itself God."

10 [Referring (says Valesius) to St. John, whose words Eusebius. had lately cited, 'In the beginning was the Word," &c., and now explains paraphrastically.

The reader will decide for himself on the merits of the paraphrase. — Bag.] 7 John i. 1-3.

8 One\on the scent for heresy might prick up his ears, and sound the alarm of '' Gnosticism."

CONSTANTINE.

Again, the sun is one, and yet eclipses many, nay all other luminaries, by the surpassing glory of his rays.

Even so, as the Father himself is One, his Word is also One, the perfect Son of that perfect Father.

Should any one object because they are not more, as well might he complain that there are not many suns, or moons, or worlds, and a thousand things beside; like the madman, who would fain subvert the fair and perfect course of Nature herself.

Asin the visible, so also in the spiritual world: in the one the same sun diffuses his light throughout this material earth ; in the other the One Almighty the circuit of the heavens, imparts beauty to the earth, and displays the power of God to all: and all this he performs by the sole and unaided force of his own nature. has the property of refining gold, and fusing lead, of dissolving wax, of parching clay, and consuming wood ; producing these varied In like manner fire effects by one and the same burning power.

So also the Supreme Word of God, pervading all things, everywhere existent, everywhere present in heaven and earth, governs and directs the visible and invisible creation, the sun, the heaven, and the universe itself, with an energy inexplicable in its nature, irresistible in its effects. fountain, the sun, the moon, and stars receive their light: and he forever rules that heaven which he has framed as the fitting emblem of his own greatness. The angelic and spiritual powers, the incorporeal and intelligent beings which Word of God illumines all things with invisible and secret power.

Again, there is in man one spirit, and one faculty of reason, which yet is the active cause of numberless effects.

The same mind, instructed in many things, will essay to cultivate the earth, to build and guide a ship, and construct houses: nay,

From him, as from an everlasting the one mind and reason of man is capable of acquiring knowledge in a thousand forms: the same mind shall understand geometry and astronomy, and discourse on the rules of grammar, and rhetoric, and the healing art.

Nor will it excel in science only, but in practice too: and yet no one has ever supposed the existence of many minds in one human form, nor expressed his wonder at a plurality of being in man, beexist beyond the sphere of heaven and earth, are filled by him with light and life, with wisdom and virtue, with all that is great and good, from his own peculiar treasures.

Once more, with one and the same creative skill, he ceases not to furnish the elements with substance, to regulate the union and combinations, the forms and figures, and the innumerable qualities of organized bodies ; preserving the varied distinctions of animal and vegetable life, of the rational and the brute creation ; and supplying all things to all with equal power: thus proving himself the Author, not indeed of the seven-stringed lyre," but of that system of perfect harmony which is the workmanship of the One world-creating

Word." cause he is thus capable of varied knowl-

edge.

Suppose one were to find a shapeless mass of clay, to mould it with his hands, and give it the form of a living creature ; the head in one figure, the hands and feet in another, the eyes and cheeks in a third, and so to fashion the ears, the mouth and nose, the breast and shoulders, according to the rules of the plastic art.

The result, indeed, is a variety of figure, of parts and members in the one body ; yet must we not suppose it the work of many hands, but ascribe it entirely to the skill of a single artist, and yield the tribute of our praise to him who by the energy of a single mind has framed it all.

The same is true of the universe itself, which is one, though consisting of many parts: yet surely we need not suppose many creative powers, nor invent a plurality of gods.

Our duty is to adore the all-wise and all-perfect agency of him who is indeed the Power and the Wisdom of God, whose undivided force and energy pervades and penetrates the universe, creating and giving life to all things, and furnishing to all, collectively and severally, those mani-

CHAPTER XIII.

AND now let us proceed to explain the

reasons for which this mighty Word of God descended to dwell with men.

Our ignorant and foolish race, incapable of comprehending him who is the Lord of heaven and earth, proceeding from his Father's Deity as from the supreme fountain, ever present throughout the world, and evincing by the clearest proofs his providential care for the interests of man; have ascribed the adorable title of Deity to the sun, and moon, the heaven and the stars of heaven.

Nor did they stop here, but deified the earth itself, its products, and the various substances by which animal life is sustained, and devised

= ES Ee ee eee fold supplies of which he is himself the source.

Even so one and the same impression of the solar rays illumines the air at once, gives light to the eyes, warmth to the touch, fertility to the earth, and growth to plants.

, 3 [In reference, singularly enough, to the illustration of the lyre in the preceding chapter, — Bag.

12 It is idle to treat as philosophically or theologically unworth of consideration a system of thought so definitely unified, and wit such Scriptural basis as the above.

It may not be profound or original, but is definite and clear, The same luminary constitutes the course of time, governs the motions of the stars, performs

THE ORATION OF EUSEBIUS,

culate his exceeding greatness above the nature of irrational and mortal beings. Hence they shrank not from applying the name of gods to the most hideous of the brute creation, to venomous reptiles and savage beasts.

The Phoenicians deified Melcatharus, Usorus,' and others; mere mortals, and with little claim to honor: the Arabians, Dusaris® and Obodas : the Getz, Zamolxis : the Cicilians, Mopsus : and the Thebans, Amphiaraus :" in short, each nation has images of Ceres, of Proserpine, of Bacchus,

and many such as these.

Nay, they shrank not from giving the name of gods to the very conceptions of their own minds, and the speech by which those conceptions are expressed ; calling the mind itself Minerva, and language Mercury,' and affixing the names of

Mnemosyne and the Muses to those faculties by means of which science is acquired.

Nor was even this enough: advancing still more rapidly in the career of impiety and folly, they deified their own evil passions, which it behooved them to regard with aversion, or restrain by the principles of self-control.

Their very lust and passion and impure disease of soul, the members of the body which tempt to obscenity, and even the very uncontrol® in shameful pleasure, they adopted its own peculiar deities, differing in no respect from their fellow-mortals, being simply and truly men.

Again, the Egyptians with one consent, the Phcenicians, the Greeks, nay, every nation beneath the sun, have united in worshiping the very parts and elements of the world, and even the produce of the ground itself.

And, which is most surprising, though acknowledging the adulterous, unnatural, and licentious crimes of their deities, they have not only filled every city, and village, and district with temples, shrines, and statues in their honor, but have followed their evil example to the ruin of their own souls.

We hear of gods and

the sons of gods described by them as heroes and good genii, titles entirely opposed to truth, honors utterly at variance with the qualities they are intended to exalt.

It is as if one who desired to point out the sun and the luminaries of heaven, instead of directing his gaze thitherward, should grope with his hands on the ground, and search for the celestial powers in the mud and mire.

Even so mankind, deceived by their own folly and tke craft of evil spirits, have believed that the Divine and spiritual Essence which is far above heaven and earth could be compatible with the birth, the affections, and death, of mortal bodies here below.

To sucha pitch of madness did they proceed, as to sacrifice the dearest objects of their affection to their gods, regardless of all natural ties, and urged by frenzied feeling to slay their only and best beloved children.

For what can be a

greater proof of madness, than to offer human sacrifice, to pollute every city, and even their own houses, with kindred blood?

Do not the Greeks themselves attest this, and is not all history filled with records of the same impiety?

The Pheenicians devoted their best beloved and only children as an annual sacrifice to Saturn.

The Rhodians, on the sixth day of the month described under the titles of Cupid, Pria-

pus, Venus,' and other kindred terms.

Nor did they stop even here.

Degrading their thoughts of God to this corporeal and mortal life, they deified their fellow-men, conferring the names of gods and heroes on those who had experienced the common lot of all, and vainly imagining that the Divine and imperishable Essence could frequent the tombs and monuments of the dead.

Nay, more than this: they paid divine honors to animals of various species, and to the most noxious reptiles: they felled trees, and excavated rocks; they provided themselves with brass, and iron, and other metals, of which they fashioned resemblances of the male and female human form, of beasts, and creeping things ; and these they made the objects of

their worship.

Nor did this suffice.

To the evil spirits themselves which lurked within their statues, or lay concealed in secret and dark recesses, eager to drink their libations, and inhale the odor of their sacrifices, they ascribed the same divine honors.

Once more, they endeavored to secure the familiar aid of these spirits, and the unseen powers which move through the tracts of air, by charms of forbidden magic, and the compulsion of unhallowed songs and incantations.

Again, different nations have adopted different persons as objects of their worship.

The Greeks have rendered to Bacchus, Hercules, A'sculapius, Apollo, and others who were mortal men, the titles of gods and heroes.

The Egyptians have deified Horus and Isis, Osiris, and other mortals such as these.

And thus they who boast of the wondrous skill whereby they have discovered geometry, astronomy, and the science of number, know not, wise as they

Metageitnion,® offered human victims to the same god..

At Salamis, a man was pursued in are in their own conceit, nor understand how to estimate the measure of the power of God, or cal5 It is probably that "' Melkathros" and "' Usous " referred to in the Prep: Evang. 1. 10 (ed. Gaisford, Oxon. 1843, x. p. 77 and 84).

The same passage may be found with English translation in Cory's Ancient Fragments, Lond. 1832, Ae 6-7, 136 Dusaris was, it is said, equivalent to Bacchus.

7 All the above names, excepting those specially noted, may be found in Smith, Dict. of Greek and Roman Biog. and Mythol.

1 " Of Demeter, of Cora, of Dionysius."

2" Athene ..

Hermes.'

8 The word used here, axpareca, is the opposite of the famous philosophical word for self-control — éyxpareva.

Key. Calendarium, in 8 Corresponding nearly to our August, Smith, Dict. Gr. and R. Ant. p, 223. exe i Priapus, Aphrodite."

CONSTANTINE.

terrible disease : insomuch that the human family was irreconcilably divided against itself; the great system of society was distracted and torn asunder ; and in every corner of the earth men stood opposed to each other, and strove with fierce contention on questions of law and government. Nay, more than this: with pas-

sions aroused to fury, they engaged in mutual conflicts, so frequent that their lives were passed as it were in uninterrupted warfare. None could undertake a journey except as prepared to encounter an enemy: in the very country and villages the rustics girded on the sword, provided themselves with armor rather than with the implements of rural labor, and deemed it a noble exploit to plunder and enslave any who belonged to a neighboring state.

Nay, more than this: from the fables they had themselves devised respecting their own deities, they deduced occasions for a vile and abandoned life, and wrought the ruin of body and soul by licentiousness of every kind.

Not content with this, they even overstepped the bounds which nature had defined, and together committed incredible and nameless crimes, " men with men the temple of Minerva Agraulis and Diomede, compelled to run thrice round the altar, afterwards pierced with a lance by the priest, and consumed as a burnt offering on the blazing pile.

In Egypt, human sacrifice was most abundant.

At Heliopolis three victims were daily offered to Juno, for whom king Amoses, impressed with the atrocity of the practice, commanded the substitution of an equal number of waxen figures.

In Chios, and again in Tenedos, a man was slain and offered up to Omadian Bacchus.

At Sparta they immolated human beings to Mars.

In Crete they did likewise, offering human sacrifices to Saturn.

In Laodicea of Syria a virgin was yearly slain in honor of Minerva, for whom a hart is now the substitute.

The Libyans and Carthaginians appeased their gods with human victims.

The Dumateni of Arabia buried a boy annually beneath the altar.

History informs us that the Greeks without exception, the Thracians also, and Scythians, were accustomed to human sacrifice before they marched forth to battle.

The Athenians record the immolation of the virgin children of Leus,° and the daughter of Erechtheus."

Who knows not that at this day a human victim is offered in ll (in the words of the sacred writer) working un-. seemliness, and receiving in themselves that recompense of their error which was due."

Nor. did they stop even here; but per-

Rome itself at the festival of Jupiter Lati-

aris? And these facts are confirmed by the testimony of the, most approved philosophers.

Diodorus, the epitomizer of libraries," affirms that two hundred of the noblest youths were sacrificed to Saturn by the Libyan people, and that three hundred more were voluntarily offered by their own parents.

Dionysius, the compiler of Roman history," expressly says that Jupiter and Apollo demanded human sacrifices verted their natural thoughts of God, and denied that the course of this world was directed by his providential care, ascribing the existence and constitution of all things to the blind operation of chance, or the necessity of fate.

Once more: believing that soul and body

were alike dissolved by death, they led a brutish life, unworthy of the name: careless of the nature or existence of the soul, they dreaded not the tribunal of Divine justice, expected no reward of virtue, nor thought of chastisement as the penalty of an evil life.

Hence

it was that whole nations, a prey to wickedness in all its forms, were wasted by the effects of their own brutality: some living in the practice of most vile and lawless incest with mothers, others with sisters, and others again corrupting their own daughters.

Some were found who slew their confiding guests; others who fed on human flesh ; some strangled, and then feasted on, their aged men; others threw them alive to dogs. The time would fail me were I to attempt to describe the multifarious symptoms of the inveterate malady which had asserted its dominion over the whole human race.

Such, and numberless others like these,

were the prevailing evils, on account of which the gracious Word of God, fulk of compassion for his human flock, had long since, by the ministry of his prophets, and earlier still, as well as later, by that of men distinguished by of the so-called Aborigines, in Italy. He relates that on this demand they offered a proportion of all their produce to the gods; but that, because of their refusal to slay human victims, they became involved in manifold calamities, from which they could obtain no release until they had decimated themselves, a sacrifice of life which proved the desolation of their country.

Such and so great were the evils which of

old afflicted the whole human race.

Nor was this the full extent of their misery: they groaned beneath the pressure of other evils equally numerous and irremediable.

All nations, whether civilized or barbarous, throughout the world, as if actuated by a demoniac frenzy, were infected with sedition as with some fierce and ®-[Leus is said to have offered his three daughters, Phasithea,

Theope, and Eubule; the oracle at Delphi having declared that the relief of the ci from famine could only be effected by the shedding of the blood of his daughters by one of the citizens. — Bag.

10 [Alluding to the sacrifice of his daughter Chthonia by Erechtheus, son of Pandion; the Athenians having been promised victory, by the oracle, over the Eleusinians and their Thracian allies, on the condition of the death of a daughter of Erechtheus. — Bag.]

1 Diodorus Siculus, whose work is mentioned elsewhere (Prep.

£vang. 1. 6, ed. Gaisford, p. 40) as a " historical library."

ysius of Halicarnassus.

THE ORATION OF EUSEBIUS.

pious devotion to God, invited those thus desperately afflicted to their own cure; and had, by means of laws, exhortations; and doctrines of every kind, proclaimed to man the principles and elements of true godliness.

But when for mankind, distracted and torn as I have said, not indeed by wolves and savage beasts, but by ruthless and soul-destroying spirits of evil, human power no longer sufficed, but a help was needed superior to that of man; then it was that the Word of God, obedient to his all-gracious Father's will, at length himself appeared, and the indwelling Word? conversed with and was known to men, as kindred with themselves ; yet yielded not to passions such as theirs, nor owned, as the natural soul, subjection to the body.

He parted not with aught of his intrinsic greatness, nor changed his proper Deity.

For as the all-pervading radiance of the sun receives no stain from contact with dead and impure bodies ; much less can the incorporeal power of the Word of God be injured in its essential purity, or part with any of its greatness, from spiritual contact with a human body.

Thus, I say, did our common Saviour prove

himself the benefactor and preserver of all, displaying his wisdom through the instrumentality of his human nature, even as a musician uses the lyre to evince his skill.

The Grecian myth tells us that Orpheus had power to charm ferocious beasts, and tame their savage spirit, by striking the chords of his instrument with a master hand: and this story is celebrated by the Greeks, and generally believed, that an unconscious instrument could subdue the untamed brute, and draw the trees from their places, in obedience to its melodious power.

But he who is the author of perfect harmony, the allwise Word of God, desiring to apply every remedy to the manifold diseases of the souls of men, employed that human nature which is the workmanship of his own wisdom, as an instrument by the melodious strains of which he soothed, not indeed the brute creation, but savages endued with reason; healing each furious temper, each fierce and angry passion of the soul, both in civilized and barbarous nations, by the remedial power of his Divine doctrine.

Like a physician of perfect skill, he met the diseases of their souls who sought for God in nature and in bodies, by a fitting and kindred remedy, and showed them God in human form.

And then, with no less care for the

body than the soul, he presented before the eyes of men wonders and signs, as proofs of his Divine power, at the same time instilling into their ears of flesh the doctrines which he himself uttered with a corporeal tongue.

In short, he performed all his works through the medium of that body which he had assumed for the sake of those who else were incapable of apprehending his Divine nature.

In all

this he was the servant of his Father's will, himself remaining still the same as when with the Father; unchanged in essence, unimpaired in nature, unfettered by the trammels of mortal flesh, nor hindered by his abode in a human body from being elsewhere present.' most willingly made his abode amongst us.

The causes of his advent I have already described, induced by which he condescended to the society of man; not in his wonted form and manner, for he is incorporeal, and present everywhere throughout the world, proving by his agency both in heaven and earth the greatness of his almighty power, but in a character new and hitherto unknown.

Assuming a mortal body, hé deigned to associate and converse with men; desiring, through the medium of their own likeness, to save our mortal race.

CHAPTER XIV.

a AND now let us explain the cause for which the incorporeal Word of God assumed this mortal body as a medium of intercourse with man.

How, indeed, else than in human form, could that Divine and impalpable, that immaterial and invisible Essence manifest itself to those who sought for God in created and earthly objects, unable or unwilling otherwise to discern the Author and Maker of all things?

Asa fitting means, therefore, of communication with mankind, he assumed a mortal body, as that with which they were themselves familiar ; for like, it is proverbially said, loves its like.

To those, then, whose affections were engaged by visible objects, who looked for gods in statues and lifeless images, who imagined the Deity to consist in material and corporeal substance, nay, who conferred on men the title of divinity, the Word of God presented himself in this form.

Hence he procured for himself this body as a thrice-hallowed temple, a sensible habitation of an intellectual power ;

a noble and most holy form, of far higher worth than any lifeless statue.

'The material and senseless image, fashioned by base mechanic hands, of brass or iron, of gold or ivory, wood or stone, may be a fitting abode for evil spirits: but that Divine form, wrought by the power of heavenly wisdom, was possessed of life and _ spiritual being; a form animated by every excellence,

1 All these various conceptions of the Word are strictly Biblical:

(x) The Word the only revealer of the rather, who otherwise could not be known; (2) The human body the temple of God; (3) The indwelling Word.

2 This ought to relieve Eusebius from any charge of Arianism in the dwelling-place of the Word of God, a holy temple of the holy God.

Thus

CONSTANTINE.

manner of his passion, and the mighty miracle of his resurrection after death: and then to establish the truth of these events by the clearest testimonies?

For the reasons detailed above he used the instrumentality of a

mortal body, as a figure becoming his Divine majesty, and like a mighty sovereign employed it as his interpreter in his intercourse with men, performing all things consistently with his own Divine power.

Supposing, then, at the end of his sojourn among men, he had by any other means suddenly withdrawn himself from their sight, and, secretly removing that interpreter of himself, the form which he had assumed, had hastened to flee from death, and afterwards by his own act had consigned his mortal body to corruption and dissolution: doubtless in such a case he would have been deemed a mere phantom by all.

Nor would he have acted in a manner worthy of himself, had he who is Life, the Word, and the Power of God, abandoned this interpreter of himself to corruption and death.

Nor, again,would

his warfare with the spirits of evil have received its consummation by conflict, with the power of death.

The place of his retirement must have remained unknown; nor would his existence have been believed by those who had not seen him for themselves.

No proof would have been given that he was superior to death ; nor would he have delivered mortality from the law of its natural infirmity.

His name had never been heard throughout the world ; nor could he have inspired his disciples with contempt of death, or encouraged those who embraced his doctrine to hope for the enjoyment of a future life with God.

Nor would he have fulfilled the assurances of his own promise, nor have accomplished the predictions of the prophets concerning himself.

Nor would he have undergone the last conflict of all; for this was to be the struggle with the power of death.

For all these reasons, then, and inasmuch as it was necessary that the mortal body which had rendered such service to the Divine Word should meet with an end worthy its sacred occupant, the manner of his death was ordained accordingly.

For since but two alternatives remained : either to consign his body entirely to corruption, and so to bring the scene of life to a dishonored close, or else to prove himself victorious over death, and render mortality immortal by the act of Divine power ; the former of these alternatives would have contravened his own promise.

For as it is not the property of fire to cool, nor of light to darken, no more is it compatible with life, to deprive of life, or with Divine intelligence, to act in a manner contrary to reason.

For how would it be consistent,with reason, that he who had promised.

Nay, at the very time of his intercourse with men, he was pervading all things, was with and in the Father, and even then was caring for all things both in heaven and earth.

Nor was he precluded, as we are, from being present everywhere, or from the continued exercise of his Divine power.

He gave of his own to man, but received nothing in return: he imparted of his Divine power to mortality, but derived no accession from mortality itself.

Hence his human birth to him brought no defilement ; nor could his impassible Essence suffer at the dissolution of his mortal body.

For let us suppose a lyre to receive an accidental injury, or its chord to be broken; it does not follow that the performer on it suffers : nor, if a wise man's body undergo punishment, can we fairly assert that his wisdom, or the soul within him, are maimed or burned.

Far less can we affirm that the inherent power of the Word sustained any detriment from his bodily passion, any more than, as in the instance we have already used, the solar rays which are shot from heaven to earth contract defilement, though in contact with mire and pollution of every kind.

We may, indeed, assert that these things partake of the radiance of the light, but not that the light is contaminated, or the sun defiled, by this contact

11 _ with other bodies.

And indeed these things are themselves not contrary to nature; but the Saviour, the incorporeal Word of God, being

Life and spiritual Light itself, whatever he touches with Divine and incorporeal power must of necessity become endued with the intelligence of light and life.

Thus, if he touch a body, it becomes enlightened and sanctified, is at once delivered from all disease, infirmity, and suffering, and that which before was lacking is

supplied by a portion of his fullness.

And such was the tenor of his life on earth; now proving the sympathies of his human nature with our own, and now revealing himself as the Word of God: wondrous and mighty in his works as God ; foretelling the events of the far distant future; declaring in every act, by signs, and wonders, and supernatural powers, that Word whose presence was so little known ; and finally, by his Divine teaching, inviting the souls of men to prepare for those mansions which are above

the heavens.

CHAPTER XV.

WHAT now remains, but to account for those which are the crowning facts of all; I mean his death, so far and widely known, the this relation, however "' dangerous" the ground he has trodden on may be,

THE ORATION OF EUSEBIUS.

aa a eee have been prepared to meet, except as habituated to the contempt of death.

Accordingly, in arming his disciples against the power of this last enemy, he delivered not his doctrines in mere verbal precepts, nor attempted to prove the soul's immortality, by persuasive and probable arguments ; but displayed to them in his own person a real victory over death.

Such

was the first and greatest reason of our Saviour's conflict with the power of death, whereby he proved to his disciples the nothingness of that which is the terror of all mankind, and afforded a visible evidence of the reality of that life which he had promised; presenting as it were a first-fruit of our common hope, of future life and immortality in the presence of God.

The second cause of his resurrection was, that the Divine power might be manifested which dwelt in his mortal body.

Mankind had heretofore conferred Divine honors on men who had yielded to the power of death, and had given the titles of gods and heroes to mortals like themselves.

For this reason, therefore, the Word of God evinced his gracious character, and proved to man his own superiority over death, recalling his mortal body to a second life, displaying an immortal triumph over death in the eyes of all, and teaching them to acknowledge the Author of such a victory to be the only tiue God, even in death itself.

I may ll allege yet a third cause of the Saviour's death.

He was the victim offered to the Supreme Sovereign of the universe for the whole human race: a victim consecrated for the need of the human race, and for the overthrow of the errors of demon worship.

For assoon as the one holy and mighty sacrifice, the sacred body of our Saviour, had been slain for man, to be as a ransom for all nations, heretofore involved in the guilt of impious superstition, thenceforward the power of impure and unholy spirits was utterly abolished, and every earth-born and delusive error was at once weakened and destroyed.

Thus, then, this salutary victim

taken from among themselves, I mean the mortal body of the Word, was offered on behalf of the common race of men.

'This was that sacrifice delivered up to death, of which the sacred oracles speak:

' Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world."?

And again, as follows: "He was led as a sheep to the slaughter, and as a lamb before the shearer is dumb."

They declare also the cause, saying :

"He bears our sins, and is pained for us: yet we accounted him to be in trouble, and in suffering, and in affliction.

But he was wounded on account of our sins, and bruised because of our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was a life to others, should permit his own body, the form which he had chosen, to perish beneath the power of corruption?

That he who had inspired his disciples with hopes of immortality, should yield this exponent of his Divine

counsels to be destroyed by death?

The second alternative was therefore needful :

I mean, that he should assert his dominion over the power of death.

But how? should this be a furtive and secret act, or openly performed and in the sight of all?

So mighty an achievement, had it remained unknown and unrevealed, must have failed of its effect as regards the interests of men; whereas the same event, if openly declared and understood, would, from its wondrous character, redound to the common benefit of all.

With reason, therefore, since it was needful to prove his body victorious over death,

. and that not secretly but before the eyes of men, he shrank not from the trial, for this indeed would have argued fear, and a sense of inferiority to the power of death, but maintained that conflict with the enemy which has rendered mortality immortal; a conflict undertaken for the life, the immortality, the salvation of all.

Suppose one desired to show us that a vessel could resist the force of fire ; how could he better prove the fact than by casting it into the furnace and thence withdrawing it entire and unconsumed?

Even thus the Word of God, who is the source of life to all, desiring to prove the triumph of that body over death which he had assumed for man's salvation, and to make this body partake his own life and immortality, pursued a course consistent with this object.

Leaving his body for a little while,' and delivering it up to death in proof of its mortal nature, he soon redeemed it from death, in vindication of that Divine power whereby he has manifested the immortality which he has promised to

beutterly beyond the sphere of death.

The reason of this is clear.

It was needful that his disciples should receive ocular proof of the certainty of that resurrection on which he had taught them to rest their hopes as a motive for rising superior to the fear of death.

It was indeed most needful that they who purposed to pursue a life of godliness should receive a clear impression of this essential truth: more needful still for those who were destined to declare his name in all the world, and to communicate to mankind that knowledge of God which he

had before ordained for all nations.

For _ such the strongest conviction of a future life was necessary, that they might be able with fearless and unshrinking zeal to maintain the conflict with Gentile and polytheistic error: a conflict the dangers of which they would never

To Ee ee 1 [These words (as Valesius observes) need not be too rigidly interpreted. — Bag.

2 John i, 29.

CONSTANTINE.

ee es een eS See upon him ; avd by his bruises we were healed.

All we as sheep have gone astray; every one has gone astray in this way ; and the Lord gave one God, and one way of religion and salvation, even the doctrine of Christ, was made known to all mankind; so at the self-same period, the entire dominion of the Roman empire being vested in a single sovereign, profound peace reigned throughout the world.

And thus, by the express appointment of the same God, two roots of blessing, the Roman empire, and the doctrine of Christian piety, sprang up together for the benefit of men.

For before this time the various countries of the world, as Syria, Asia, Macedonia, Egypt, and Arabia, had been severally subject to different rulers.

The Jewish people, again, had established their dominion in the land of Palestine.

And these nations, in every village, city, and district, actuated by some insane spirit, were engaged in incessant and murderous war and conflict.

But two mighty powers, starting from the same point, the Roman empire, which henceforth was swayed by a single sovereign, and the Christian religion, subdued and reconciled these contending elements.

Our Saviour's mighty

power destroyed at once the many governments and the many gods of the powers of darkness, and proclaimed to all men, both rude and civilized, to the extremities of the earth, the sole sovereignty of God himself.

Meantime the Roman empire, the causes of multiplied governments being thus removed, effected an easy conquest of those which yet remained ; its object being to unite all nations in one harmonious whole ; an object in great measure already secured, and destined to be still more perfectly attained, even to the final conquest of the ends of the habitable world, by means of the salutary doctrine, and through the aid of that Divine power which facilitates and smvoths its way.

And surely this must appear a wondrous fact to those who will examine the question in the love of truth, and desire not to cavil at these blessings.? The falsehood of demon superstition was convicted: the inveterate strife and mutual hatred of the nations was removed : at the same time One God, and the knowledge of that God, were proclaimed to all: one universal empire prevailed ; and the whole human race, subdued by the controlling power of peace and concord, received one another as brethren, and responded to the feelings of their common nature.

Hence, as children of one God and Father, and owning true religion as their common mother, they saluted and welcomed each other with words of peace.

Thus the whole world appeared like one well-ordered and united family : each one might journey unhindered as far as and whithersoever he pleased: men might him up for our sins.''® Such were the causes which led to the offering of the human body of the Word of God.

But forasmuch as he was the great high priest, consecrated to the Supreme Lord and

King, and therefore more than a victim, the Word, the Power, and the Wisdom of God; he soon recalled his body from the grasp of death, presented it to his Father as the first-fruit of our common salvation, and raised this trophy, a proof at once of his victory ovér death and Satan, and of the abolition of human sacrifices, for the blessing of all mankind.

CHAPTER XVI.

a AND now the time is come for us to proceed to the demonstration of these things ; if indeed such truths require demonstration, and if the aid of testimony be needful to confirm the certainty of palpable facts.

Such testimony, however, shall be here given; and let it be received with an attentive and gracious ear.

Of old the nations of the earth, the entire human race, were variously distributed into provincial, national, and local governments,' subject to kingdoms and principalities of many kinds.

The consequences of this variety were war and strife, depopulation and captivity, which raged in country and city with unceasing fury.

Hence, too, the countless subjects of history, adulteries, and rapes of women ; hence the woes of Troy, and the ancient tragedies, so known

among all peoples.

The origin of these may justly be ascribed to the delusion of polytheistic error.

But when that instrument of our redemption, the thrice holy body of Christ, which proved itself superior to all Satanic fraud, and free from evil both in word and deed, was raised, at once for the abolition of ancient evils, and in token of his victory over the powers of darkness ; the energy of these evil spirits was at once destroyed.

The manifold forms of government, the tyrannies and republics, the siege of cities, and devastation of countries caused

thereby, were now no more, and one God was proclaimed to all mankind.

At the same time one universal power, the Roman empire, arose and flourished, while the enduring and implacable hatred of nation against nation was now removed: and as the knowledge of

Septuagint, English translation, p. 728.

3 [Isaiah liii. 4, 5, 6, 7.

Macster ed., 1879.

Though the first reasons —Bag.| P. 889 of the make one feel as if the author had been in danger of slighting the atoning work of the Word, he here very clearly comes up, as usual, to the Biblical position.

2 This is a fair appeal, applicable to his present hearers.

It at least was true of Constantine's reign, that it produced a state of relative peace and prosperity.

1 Eparchies, ethnarchies, and toparchies.

THE ORATION OF EUSEBIUS.

those wicked spirits to those who with genuine and sincere obedience pursue the course of life and conduct which he has himself prescribed ?

Who else but our Saviour has taught his followers to offer those bloodless and reasonable sacrifices which are performed by prayer and the secret worship of God?

Hence is it that throughout the habitable world altars are erected, and churches dedicated, wherein these spiritual and rational sacrifices are offered as a sacred service by every nation to the One

Supreme God.

Once more, who but he, with invisible and secret power, has suppressed and utterly abolished those bloody sacrifices which were offered with fire and smoke, as well as the cruel and senseless immolation of human victims ; a fact which is attested by the heathen historians themselves?

For it was not till after the publication of the Saviour's Divine doctrine, about the time of Hadrian's reign, that the practice of human sacrifice was universally abandoned.

Such and so manifest are the proofs of our Saviour's power and energy after death.

Who then can be found of spirit so obdurate as to withhold his assent to the truth, and refuse to acknowledge his life to be securely travel from West to East, and from East to West, as to their own native country: in short, the ancient oracles and predictions of the prophets were fulfilled, more numerous than we can at present cite, and those especially which speak as follows concerning the saving Word.

"He shall have dominion from sea to sea, and from the river to the ends of the earth."

And again, "In his days shall righteousness spring up; and abundance of peace."

"And they shall beat their swords into plough-shares, and their spears into sickles: and nation shall not

take up sword against nation, neither shall

they learn to war any more."*® These words, predicted ages before in the Hebrew tongue, have received in our own day a visible fulfillment, by which the testimonies of the ancient oracles are clearly confirmed.

And now, if thou still desire more ample proof, receive it, not in words, but from the facts themselves.

Open the eyes of thine understanding ; expand the gates of thought ; pause awhile, and ll consider; inquire of thyself as though thou wert another, and thus diligently examine the nature of the case.

What king or prince in any age of the world, what philosopher, legislator, or prophet, in civilized or barbarous lands, has attained so great a eight of excellence, I say not after death, but while living still, and full of mighty power, as to fill the ears and tongues of all mankind with the praises of his name?

Surely none save our only Saviour has done this, when, after his victory over death, he spoke the word to his followers, and fulfilled it by the event, saying to them, "Go ye, and make disciples of all nations in my name."*

He it was who gave the distinct assurance, that his gospel must be preached in all the world for a testimony to all nations, and immediately verified

Divine?

Such deeds as I have described are done by the living, not the dead; and visible acts are to us as evidence of those which we cannot see.

It is as it were an event of yesterday that an impious and godless race disturbed and confounded the peace of human society, and possessed mighty power.

But these, as soon as life departed, lay prostrate on the earth, worthless as dung, breathless, motionless, bereft of speech, and have left neither fame nor memorial behind.

For such is the condition of the dead; and he who no longer lives is nothing: and how can he who is nothing be capable of any act?

But how shall his existence be called in question, whose active power and energy are greater than in those who are still alive?

And though he be invisible to the natural eye, yet the discerning faculty is not in outward sense.

We do not comprehend the rules of art, or the theories of science, by bodily sensation; nor has any eye yet discerned the mind of man.

Far less, then, the power of God: and in such cases our judgment is formed from apparent results.

Even thus are we bound to judge of our Saviour's invisible power, and decide by its manifest effects whether we shall acknowledge the mighty operahis word : for within a little time the world

itself was filled with his doctrine.

How, then, will those who caviled at the commencement of my speech be able to reply to this?

For surely the force of ocular testimony is superior to any verbal argument.

Who else than he, with an invisible and yet potent hand, has driven from human society like savage beasts that ever noxious and destructive tribe of evil spirits who of old had made all nations their prey, and by the motions of their images had practiced many a delusion among men?

Who else, beside our Saviour, by the invocation of his name, and by unfeigned prayer addressed through him to the Supreme God, has given power to banish from the world the remnant of

tions which he is even now carrying on to be the works of a living agent; or whether they shall be ascribed to one who has no existence ; or, lastly, whether the inquiry be not absurd and 8 [Psalm Ixxi. 7, 8; Isaiah ii. 4.

Septuagint.— Bag.] Psalm Ixxii., English version. inconsistent in itself.

For with what reason can we assert the existence of one who is not?

Matt. xxviii. 19, There is an interesting various reading here, where Eusebius, with B. as against Aleph, adds something; but where B. and others have ovv, and D. and others have vuv, Eusebius has your.

Since all allow that that which has no existence

CONSTANTINE.

een forth and tell us who, after so coraplete a desolation, has restored these sacred buildings from foundation to roof?

Who, when all hope appeared extinct, has caused them to rise on a nobler scale than heretofore?

And well may it claim our wonder, that this renovation was not subsequent to the death of those adversaries of God, but whilst the destroyers of these edifices were still alive ; so that the recantation of their evil deeds came in their own words and edicts.'

And this they did, not in the sunshine of prosperity and ease (for then we might suppose that benevolence or clemency might be the cause), but at the very time that they were suffering under the stroke of Divine vengeance.

Who, again, has been able to retain in

obedience to his heavenly precepts, after sO many successive storms of persecution, nay, in the very crisis of danger, so many persons throughout the world devoted to philosophy, and the service of God and those holy choirs of virgins who had dedicated themselves to a life of perpetual chastity and purity?

Who taught them cheerfully to persevere in the exercise of protracted fasting, and to embrace a life of severe and consistent self-denial?

Who has persuaded multitudes of either sex to devote themselves to the study of sacred things, and prefer to bodily nutriment that intellectual food which is suited to the wants of a rational soul?*

Who has instructed barbarians and peasants, yea, feeble women, slaves, and children, in short, unnumbered multitudes of all nations, to live in the contempt of death; persuaded of the immortality of their souls, conscious that human actions are observed by the unerring eye of justice, expecting God's award to the righteous and the wicked, and therefore true to the practice of a just and virtuous life?

For they could not otherwise have persevered in the course of godliness.

Surely these are. the acts which our Saviour, and he alone, even now peris devoid of that power, and energy, and action, for these are characteristics of the living, but the contrary is characteristic of the dead.

CHAPTER XVII.

AND now the time is come for us to consider the works of our Saviour in our own age, and to contemplate the living operations of the living God.

For how shall we describe these mighty works save as living proofs of the power of a living agent, who truly enjoys the life of God?

If any one inquire the nature

of these works, let him now attend.

But recently a class of persons, impelled by furious zeal, and backed by equal power and military force, evinced their enmity against God, by destroying his churches, and overthrowing from their foundations the buildings dedicated to his worship.

In short, in every way they directed their attacks against the unseen God, and assailed him with a thousand shafts of impious words.

But he who is invisible

avenged himself with an invisible hand. By the single fiat of his will his enemies were utterly destroyed, they who a little while before had been flourishing in great prosperity, exalted by their fellow men as worthy of divine honor, and blessed with a continued period of power and glory, so long as they had maintained peace and amity with him whom they afterwards opposed.

As soon, however, as they dared openly to resist his will, and to set their gods in array against him whom we adore ; immediately, according to the will and power of that God against whom their arms were raised, they all received the judgment due to their audacious deeds.

Constrained to yield and flee before his power, together they acknowledged his Divine nature, and hastened to reverse the measures which they had before essayed.

Our Saviour, therefore, without delay erected trophies of this victory everywhere, and once more adorned the world with holy temples and consecrated houses of prayer; in every city and village, nay, throughout all countries, and even in barbaric wilds, ordaining the erection of churches and sacred buildings to the honor of the Supreme God and Lord of all.

Hence it is that these hallowed edifices are deemed worthy to bear his name, and receive not their appellation from men, but from the Lord himself, from which circumstances they forms.

And now let us pass from these topics, and endeavor by inquiries such as

these that follow to convince the objector's obdurate understanding.

Come forward, then, whoever thou art, and speak the words of reason : utter, not the thoughts of a senseless heart, but those of an intelligent and enlightened mind: speak, I say, after deep solemn converse with thyself.

Who of the sages whose names have yet been known to fame, has ever been foreknown and proclaimed from the remotest ages, as our Saviour was by the prophetic oracles to the once divinely-favored Hebrew nation?

But are called churches (or houses of the

Lord).2

And now let him who will stand ay Ie GaP Pe, AL DIENE WRE EN OUND | leguescompare literature onithe edictsiofitaleration;

1 [Referring to Diocletian, and others of the persecuting emperors. — Bark _ 4 [There is nothing which need surprise us in the praises of virginity, monkery, and asceticism, in a writer of the fourth century.

The intelligent Christian will surely shrink from the thought of ascribing, with Eusebius, these fruitful f i peepee eet iy sources of corruption to the 2 [Kuptaxov ngiwvrat tov émwvuut@v.

The German " Kirche," the Scotch "' Kirk," and the English '' Church" are said, probably enough, to derive their origin from this Greek word.

— Bag. ]

THE ORATION OF EUSEBIUS.

eee a SEES EEE to make war after death, to triumph over every enemy, to subjugate each barbarous and civilized nation and city, and to subdue his adversaries with an invisible and secret hand?

Lastly, and chief of all, what slanderous lip shall dare to question that universal peace to which we have already referred, established by his power throughout the world ??

For thus the mutual concord and harmony of all nations coincided in point of time with the extension of our Saviour's doctrine and preaching in all the world: a concurrence of events predicted in long ages past by the prophets of God.

The day itself would fail me, gracious emperor, should I attempt to exhibit in a single view those cogent proofs of our Saviour's Divine power which even now are visible in their effects; for no human being, in civilized or barbarous nations, has ever yet exhibited such power of Divine virtue as our Saviour.

But why do I speak of men, since of the beings whom all nations have deemed divine, none has appeared on earth with power like to his?

If there has, let the fact now be proved.

Come forward, ye philosophers, and tell us what god or hero has yet been known to fame, who has delivered the doctrines of eternal life and a heavenly kingdom as he has done who is our

Saviour?

Who, like him, has persuaded multitudes throughout the world to pursue the principles of Divine wisdom, to fix their hope on heaven itself, and look forward to the mansions there reserved for them that love God?

What god or hero in human form has ever held his course from the rising to the setting sun, a course co-extensive as it were with the solar light, and irradiated mankind with the bright and glorious beams of his doctrine, causing each nation of the earth to render united worship to the One true God?

What god or hero yet, as he has done, has set aside all gods and heroes among civilized or barbarous nations ; has ordained that divine honors should be withheld from all, and claimed obedience to that command: and then, though singly conflicting with the power of all, has utterly destroyed the opposing hosts; victorious over the gods and heroes of every age, and causing himself alone, in every region of the habitable world, to be acknowledged by all people as the only Son of God?

Who else has commanded the nations inhabiting the continents and islands of this mighty globe to assemble weekly on the Lord's day, and to observe it as a festival, not indeed for the pampering of the body, but for his very birth-place, the period of his advent, the manner of his life, his miracles, and words, and mighty acts, were anticipated and recorded in the sacred volumes of these prophets.

Again, who so present an avenger of crimes against himself; so that, as the immediate consequence of their impiety, the entire Jewish people were scattered by an unseen power, their royal seat utterly removed, and their very temple with its holy things levelled with the ground?

Who, like our Saviour, has uttered predictions at once concerning that impious nation and the establishment of his church throughout the world, and has equally verified both by the event?

Respecting the temple of these wicked men, our Saviour said:

' Your house is left unto you desolate'':* and, "There

shall not be left one stone upon another in this place, that shall not be thrown down."* And again, of his church he says:

"TI will build my church upon a rock, and the gates of hell

shall not prevail against it.'"

How wondrous, too, must that power be deemed which summoned obscure and unlettered men from their fisher's trade, and made them the legislators and instructors of the human race!

And how clear a demonstration of his deity do we find in the promise so well performed, that he would make them fishers of men: in the power and energy which he bestowed, so that they composed and published writings of such authority that they were translated into every civilized and barbarous language,' were read

and pondered by all nations, and the doc-

trines contained in them accredited as the oracles of God!

How marvelous his predictions of the future, and the testimony whereby his disciples were forewarned that they should be brought before kings and rulers, and should endure the severest punishments, not indeed as criminals, but simply for their confession of his name!

Or who shall adequately describe the power with which he prepared them thus to suffer with a willing mind, and enabled them, strong in the armor of godliness, to maintain a constancy of spirit indomitable in the midst

of conflict?

Or how shall we enough admire that steadfast firmness of soul which strengthened, not merely his immediate followers, but their successors also, even to our present age, in the joyful endurance of every infliction, and every form of torture, in proof of their devotion to the Supreme God?

Again, what monarch has prolonged his government through so vast a series of ages?

Who else has power

the invigoration of the soul by instruction in Divine truth?

What god or hero, exposed, as 5 Matt. xxiii. 38.

6 Matt. xxiv. 2,— apparently a paraphrase from memory. our Saviour was, to so sore a conflict, has raised

7 Matt. xvi. 18.

8 The Syriac, Peschito, and possibly the Curetonian, the old Latin (Itala), probably both the Thebaic and Memphitic Coptic versions, at least, had been made at this time.

9 re peace which Christ, at his birth, bestowed on the Roman world (Valesius). — Bag.

CONSTANTINE.

i Re terms the visible protection which your Divine shield and guardian has extended in the hour of battle ; the ruin of your open and secret foes ; and his ready aid in time of peril.

To him you will ascribe relief in the midst of perplexity ; defence in solitude; expedients in extremity ; foreknowledge of events yet future ; your forethought for the general weal ; your power to investigate uncertain questions ; your conduct of most important enterprises; your administration of civil affairs

;+ your military arrangements, and correction of abuses in all departments ; your ordinances respecting public right; and, lastly, your legislation for the common benefit of all.

You will, it may be, also detail to us those particulars of his favor which are secret to us, but known to you alone, and treasured in your royal memory as in secret storehouses.

Such, doubtless, are the reasons, and such the convincing proofs of your Saviour's power, which caused you to raise that sacred edifice which presents to all, believers and unbelievers alike, a trophy of his victory over death, a holy temple of the holy God : to consecrate those noble and splendid monuments of immortal life and his heavenly kingdom: to offer memorials of our

Almighty Saviour's conquest which well become the imperial dignity of him by whom they are bestowed.

With such memorials have you adorned that edifice which witnesses of eternal life: thus, as it were in imperial characters, ascribing victory and triumph to the heavenly

Word of God: thus proclaiming to all nations, with clear and unmistakable voice, in deed and word, your own devout and pious confession of his name. the trophy of victory over every foe?

For they indeed, from first to last, unceasingly assailed his doctrine and his people: but he who is invisible, by the exercise of a secret power, has raised his servants and the sacred houses of their worship to the height of? glory.

But why should we still vainly aim at detailing those Divine proofs of our Saviour's power which no language can worthily express ; which need indeed no words of ours, but themselves appeal in loudest tones to those whose mental ears are open to the truth?

Surely it is a strange, a wondrous fact, unparalleled in the annals of human life ; that the blessings we have described should be accorded to our mortal race, and that he who is in truth the only, the eternal Son of God, should thus be visible on earth.

CHAPTER XVIII.

TuEsE words of ours, however, [gracious] Sovereign, may well appear superfluous in your ears, convinced as you are, by frequent and personal experience, of our Saviour's Deity ; yourself also, in actions still more than words, a herald of the truth to all mankind.

Yourself, it may be, will vouchsafe at a time of leisure to relate to us the abundant manifestations which your Savjour has accorded you of his presence, and the oft-repeated visions of himself which have attended you in the hours of sleep.

I speak not of those secret suggestions which to us are unrevealed: but of those principles which he has instilled into your own mind, and which are fraught with general interest and benefit to the human race.

You will yourself relate in worthy 1 Literally, '' Your political economies."

INDEXES

oer' ree eer) Cole pet hae eres £y ehega) eer) ponte Dower ALETIRL, GUERIOLAL. FOE wontiet : pGT says y baad ec iat _ ae iia: i fine nn te tf es aa, fda . on ae Meena: nade S axiewat * that soci te otter meer pla ete. angen hie: wel ity Ob Nein by. ach aan ait vent, i.

~ 49 wea

THE CHURCH HISTORY OF EUSEBIUS.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

founded by Mark, 116; library of, 223; school of, 225; martyrs of, under Decius, 283; sedition in, 205; pestilence in, 306, 307 ; mutilation of Christians in, during the Diocletian persecution, 332; table of bishops of, 401.

Allegorical interpretation of the Scriptures, 266 (note I).

Allegorists, refuted by Nepos, 308.

Alphaeus, a martyr, 343.

Amaseia, a city of Pontus, 386.

Amastris, 201.

Ambrose, friend of Origen, 264; gives Origen financial aid, 271, 274.

Ammia, a prophetess of Philadelphia, Agapius, a martyr, 344, 347, 348.

Agapius, a martyr, 345.

Agathobuli, the two, 319.

Agathonice, a martyr, 193.

Agrapha, or extra-canonical sayings Aaron, 373Abdus of Edessa, Io!.

Abdus, the father of the preceding, Iol.

Abgarus, Prince of Edessa, correspondence of, with Christ, 100, of Christ, 296 (note 3).

Agrippa I.

See Herod Agrippa I.

Agrippa II.

See Herod Agrippa II.

Agrippa, Castor, 178.

Agrippinus, bishop of Alexandria, 197, 101; healed by Thaddeus, 101, 104.

Abilius, second bishop of Alexandria, 147, 149.

Abraham, 83, 87, 88.

Achzeus, a judge at Czsarea, 303.

Achillas, presbyter of Alexandria, 321.

Achior, the Ammonite, 93Acolyths, 288.

Actium, 263.

Acts, book of, 88, 98, 112, 113, I17, 224.

Albinus, procurator of Judea, 127, 143 (note 8).

Alburnus, an idol, 106.

Alce, sister of the eirenarch Herod, 191.

Alcibiades, a Montanist, 218.

Alcibiades, a Gallic witness in the 234.

Ammon, martyr under Decius, 285.

Ammon, of Bernice, addressed by Dionysius, 311.

Ammonarium, martyr under Decius, 122, 136, 137, 163, 172, 261, 310; written by Luke during Paul's imprisonment in Rome, 124 (and note 14), 273; rejected by the Severians, 209; part of N. T.

Canon, 155.

Adam, 92; salvation of, denied by Tatian, 208.

Adamantius, name given to Origen, persecution under Marcus Aurelius, 218.

Alcibiades, opponent of Montanism, 234.

Alexander, husband of Salome, 95.

Alexander, the Alabarch, brother of 284.

Ammonite, See Achior the Ammonite.

Ammonius, the Neo-Platonist, 265, 266.

Ammonius, a Christian writer, 266, 267.

Ammonius, a martyr, 334.

Ananias, a courier, 100, IOI.

Ananus, high priest, 127, 128.

Anatolius of Alexandria, becomes bishop of Laodicea, 318; conduct of, during the siege of the Pyrucheium, 318; writings of, Philo, 108.

Alexander, bishop of Jerusalem, 260, 274, 280, 281, 291, 294 (?; see note 2); becomes coadjutor of Narcissus, bishop of Jerusalem, 261.

Adiabene, 113.

Adrianus, a martyr, 354.

Advocate (rapaxAnrov), 213.

/Edesius, introduces Christianity into 255-257, 256 (note 1); quoted, 256, 261, 268.

Alexander, bishop of Rome, 174, 175, Ethiopia, 105 (note 30).

Edesius, a martyr, 347Zilia, 113 (note 7), 294, 352; colon221.

Alexander, a Gallic witness in the persecution under Marcus Aurelius, 216, Alexander, a martyr of Eumenia, 233.

Alexander, a martyr under Decius, 284.

Alexander, a martyr at Ceesarea under ized, 177; library of, 268. fElianus, 313.

Alius Adrian.

See Hadrian.

Zlius Publius Julius, bishop of De319, 320; Paschal canons of, 319; Institutes of, 320; death of, 320.

Anchialus, 237.

Ancient Martyrdoms, Collection of, 190, 211, 219, 240.

Ancyra, in Galatia, 230.

Andrew, the Apostle, 171; labors in beltum in Thrace, 237.

ZEmilian, Roman emperor, 298 (note Valerian, 302.

Alexander of Egypt, a martyr under iON AEmilianus, prefect of Egypt, 299, 301.

ZEmilius Frontinus, proconsul at Ephesus, 236.

Africa, 286, 287, 296, 328, 356, 381, Maximin, 345.

Alexander of Gaza, a martyr under Scythia, 132; " Acts of," 157.

Anea, 351.

Anencletus, second bishop of Rome, Maximin, 345.

Alexander, a Montanist, 236.

Alexander of Tyre, 294 (see note 2).

Alexander Severus, Roman emperor, 382.

Africanus, Julius, on Herod, 89-90, 147, 149, 221.

Anicetus, bishop of Rome, 182, 183, 93; on the genealogy of Christ, g1-94; life and writings of, 276, 277; his epistle to Origen, 277; goes to Alexandria to see Heraclas, 276; epistle of, to Aristides,

269, 270, 272, 274.

Alexandria, 108, 109, 149, 175, 178, 187, 197, 198, 199, 221, 243; concedes the administration of the Eucharist to Polycarp in Rome, 244.

Annas, or Ananus, the high priest, 182, 195, 197, 205, 224, 240, 249, 251, 253, 254, 262, 267, 268, 271, 272, 274, 276, 278, 298, 302, 305, 312, 313, 318, 319, 321, 322, 332; 334) 337, 347, 360; church of, 277:

Agabus, the prophet, 107, 110, 234.

96, 97.

Agapius, bishop of Czsarea, 320.

THE CHURCH HISTORY OF EUSEBIUS.

Aquila, companion of Paul, 121.

Aquila, governor and judge, 251, 253.

Aquila, companion of Dionysius of Attica, 321.

Atticus, proconsul of Judea, 164.

Atticus, bishop of Synada, 268.

Augustus, emperor of Rome, 88, 89, Annianus, first bishop of Alexandria, 128, 149.

Anteros, bishop of Rome, 275.

Anthimus, bishop of Nicomedia, 327, Alexandria, 301.

Aquila of Pontus, translator of the 90, 93, 96, 205.

Aurelian, becomes emperor, 313; pe333Antichrist, 222.

Antilegomena (dyTiAeydueva, or ayrtOld Testament, 223, 262, 263.

Arabia, 267, 268, 294, 332.

Arabian, 89.

Arabian mountain, 285.

Arabians, dissension of, healed by Origen, 279.

Arabianus, an ecclesiastical writer, 245. igees son of Herod the Great, titioned to adjudicate the case of Paul of Samosata, 316; friendliness toward Christians, 316; plans to persecute Christians, 316; death of, 316.

Aurelius.

See Marcus Aurelius.

Aurelius Cyrenius, a witness, 237.

Aurelius Cyrenius, imperial official in AcyéoGat), 135; meaning of, as used by Eusebius, 155 (note 1).

Antinoites, addressed by Alexander of Jerusalem, 257.

Antinous, slave of Hadrian, 180.

Antioch, 104, 107, 113, 149, 165, 168, 197, 202, 237, 240, 250, 257, 269, 271, 275, 281, 283, 286, 290, 291, 90, 95, 96.

Ardeban, in Mysia, 231.

Areopagite.

See Dionysius the Areopagite.

Ares, a martyr, 351.

Aretas, king of Petra, 97.

Aristarchus, Paul's fellowprisoner, 123. ee epistle to, from Africanus, Egypt, 302.

Auses (Joshua), 85.

Autolycus, addressed by Theophilus, 294, 303, 314, 315, 317, 320, 332, 333» 334) 343» 358, 359, 360, 368; heresy of Paul of Samosata introduced at, 312-316; table of bishops of, 402.

Antipater, 89, 90, 92, 93.

Antiquity of Christianity, 82 sg.

Antiquity of the Hebrew nation, 87.

Antoninus (Pius), 114, 180, 182, 185, 202.

Auxentius, a martyr, 348.

Avercius Marcellus, addressed by Apolinarius, 230.

Babylas, bishop of Antioch, 275, 281.

Babylon, 90, 273.

Bacchius, grandfather of Justin, 185.

Bacchylides, 201.

Bacchylus, bishop of Corinth, 240, 241.

Baptism, 151 (note 16); clinical, re91, 277.

Aristides, the apologist, 175.

Aristion, 171.

Aristo of Pella, 177.

Aristobulus, king and high priest of 188, 196, 220; edict of, to the Common Assembly of Asia, 186; Eusebius' confusion in regard to the successors of, discussed, 390, 391.

Antoninus (Elagabalus), 268.

Antoninus (Caracalla), 255, 268.

Antoninus, a martyr, 350.

Antony (Mark), 88, 93.

Anulinus, proconsul of Africa, 380, _ the Jews, 90, 93.

Aristobulus, a Jewish writer, 260.

Aristobulus, Hellenistic philosopher of Alexandria, 319.

Aristotelian school, 318.

Aristotle, admired by the Theodoceived by Novatus, 288; called "seal" (cgpayls), 289; discussion regarding baptism of heretics, 294-297; of the Church, rejected by Novatus, 297.

Baptism of John, 98.

Barabbas, the robber, 347.

Barcabbas, prophet invented by Basiltians, 247.

Arithmetic, Anatolius'

Institutes of, 320.

Arles, Synod of, summoned by Con381, 383.

Apamea, on the Maeander, 233.

Apelles, disciple of Marcion, 227, ides, 179.

Berens leader of the Jews, 177, 229.

Apion, an ecclesiastical writer, 245.

Apion, an Alexandrian grammarian 181.

Barcoph, prophet invented by Basilstantine, 382.

Armenia, 291; Christianization of, 362 (note 2).

AmapoS go to war with Maximin, and enemy of the Jews, 108.

Apocalypse of John, 147, 171; probides, 179.

Bardesanes, the Syrian, works of, 209.

Barnabas, 310; one of the Seventy, 362.

Arsinoé, in Egypt, 309.

Artaxerxes, 145, 224.

Artemon, or Artemas, heresy of, 246; ably written by John the Presbyter, 171; Eusebius' view of, 155; part of N. T. Canon, 156.

Apocalypse of Peter, 134, 156.

Apolinarius, bishop of Hierapolis, 198, 203, 230; writings of, 206, 207, 237; narrates the story of the "Thundering Legion," 220.

Apollo, 90, 92.

Apollonia, a martyr under Decius, 283.

Apollonides, a follower of Theodotus 98, 104; called "prophet," 107, 110, 113; probable author of Epistle to the Hebrews,

(note 17); epistle of, 260, 261; Boe of, placed among the »d6o1, 156.

Barsabas, 99 (note Io), 172.

Basilica of Tyre, 375 sg.

Basilicus, a Marcionite, 228.

Basilides, the Gnostic, 178; works of, relation of, to Paul of Samosata, 315. aecsiee, 89, 92, 351. pe Bd is bishop of Antioch, 257, 269.

Asclepiodotus, a disciple of Theodotus the cobbler, 247, 248.

Asclepius, a martyr, 351.

Asia, 132, 136, 185, 186, 187, 188, 179.

Basilides, pupil of Origen, suffers martyrdom, 253.

Basilides, bishop in Pentapolis, adthe cobbler, 248.

Apollonius, work of, against the Mon190, 192, 205, 206, 212, 219, 222, 223, 229, 230, 232, 236, 237, 238, 241, 242, 277, 310.

Asphaltites, Lake of, 95.

Asterius Urbanus, 232.

Astyrius, remarkable story in regard tanists quoted, 235, 236.

Apollonius, a Roman martyr, 239.

Apollophanes, a Stoic philosopher, 266.

Apologists, during reign of Hadrian, dressed by Dionysius, 311.

Basilidians, 199.

Benjamin, bishop of Jerusalem, 176.

Bernice, church of, 311.

Beryllus, bishop of Bostra in Asia, 175.

Prenys the, referring to Paul, 209.

Apostles, successions of the, 81, 32; to, 304.

Ater, martyr under Dionysius, 284.

Atheists, Christians called, 190.

Athenagoras, author of a lost apology, 268; error of, 277; his conception of Christ, 277; brought back to orthodoxy by Origen, 277.

Berytus, now Beirut, 345.

Besas, martyr under Decius, 284.

Beseleel, 370, 373 Bethlehem, 88, 94, 95.

Biblias, a Gallic witness in the perseappointed by Christ, 98, 99; careers of, after the ascension of Christ, 103-105, 132; epistles of, 196 (note 3).

Athenians, 200, 206.

Athenodorus, brother of Gregory Thaumaturgus, 276, 303, 312.

Athens, 138, 201, 277.

Attalus, a Gallic witness in the perse133; first successors of, 136; preach to all nations, 138; "Teaching of the Twelve," placed among the vé601, 156; which of them were marriéd, 161, 171.

Apphianus, a martyr, 345, 347. cution under Marcus Aurelius, 213, 215, 216, 218. cution under Marcus Aurelius, 214.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

SSS eee Circumcision given to Abraham, 88.

Clarus, bishop of Ptolemais, 244.

Claudius I., emperor of Rome, 110, 114; drives Jews out of Rome, 121; death of, 122.

Claudius II., emperor of Rome, 313.

Claudius Apolinarius.

See Apolinarius of Hierapolis.

Clement, of Alexandria, 99, 225, 226; Celibacy, preached by the Encratites, Bishop, among the Therapeutze, 119; relation of, to presbyter in the early church, 150; only one in a city, 287.

Bithynia, 132, 136, 294.

Bithara, fortress of, 177.

Blandina, a Gallic witness in the per208.

Celsus, the Epicurean, 268; work against, by Origen, 278.

Cemeteries of the Christians, 303, 358.

Cephas, one of the " Seventy," 99.

Cephro, in Libya, 300, 301.

Cerdon, third bishop of Alexandria, secution under Marcus Aurelius, 213, 215-217.

Blastus, schism of, at Rome, 229, 237.

Bolanus, 313.

Bostra, in Arabia, 268, 277, 312.

Brethren of the Lord, 99 (note 14).

Brucheium.

See Pyrucheium.

Hypotyposes of, quoted, 104, 110, 149.

Cerdon, the Gnostic, 182, 183.

Cerinthus, the heretic, 160, 161; avoided and denounced by John the Apostle, 187; chiliasm of, 125, 150, 161, 162; work of, on the Passover, 205; his Stromata, 225, 254; speaks of Christ as God, 247; succeeds Pantaenus as principal of the catechetical school of Alexandria, 253; gives chronological table extending to the reign of Commodus, 254; with Alexander of Jerusalem, 257; writings of, 258-261.

Clement, of Rome, third bishop of 309.

Chzeremon, the Stoic, 266.

Chzremon, bishop of Nilus, 285.

Cheremon, a deacon, companion of Cecilianus, bishop of Carthage, 381, 382, 383 Ceesarea in 312.

Cesarea in Palestine, 107, III, 163, j Cappadocia, 274, 303, Dionysius of Alexandria, 299, 300, 301.

Chiliasm, in the third century, 308 240, 241, 255, 267, 268, 271, 274, 275 277 294, 303, 312, 320, 334, 343, 346, 347, 348, 349, 351, 352s Church of Rome, 137, 149, 221; epistle of, 147, 169, 260; death of, 165; traditional translator of the Epistle to the Hebrews, 169; writings falsely ascribed to, 170; (note 1); of Cerinthus and the Cerinthians, 309.

Chrestus, bishop of Syracuse, 381.

Christ, pre-existence and divinity of, 354Czesarea Philippi, famous wonder at, 82-85; the name of, known from the beginning, 85-87; divinity of, 86; types of, 86; time of his appearance among men, 88, 89; birth of, 88; genealogy of, 91-94; beginning of his ministry, 96; testimony of John the Baptist, in regard to, 98; spread of doctrine of, 107; predictions of, 141; family of, 148; age of, 304.

Caiaphas, the high priest, 96, 97.

Caius, emperor of Rome, 107, 108; Epistle of, to the Corinthians, 198; read in the Corinthian Church in the time of Dionysius, 201; author of the Epistle to the Hebrews according to some, 273; his relation to the epistle according to Origen, 273.

Clement, consul of Rome.

See Filavius Clement. hostility of, toward the Jews, 109; alters temple, 109.

Caius, an ecclesiastical writer, 129; attitude of, towards the Apocalypse, 160 (note 4) ; dialogue of,

163, 268.

Caius, bishop of Rome, 317.

Callirhoé, a town east of the Dead See Clement of "' Clementines."

150 (note 5); spoken of as God (Geodoyeirat), 247; taught to be God and man by Irenzus and Melito, 247; denial of, an indifferent matter according to the Elkesites, 280; body and blood of, 289; worshiped as "Very God," 372; the bridegroom of the church, 376; dwells in the bishops and presbyters, 378; as high priest receives the sacrifices of his people and bears them to God, 378.

Christianity, antiquity and divinity of, Rome.

Cleobians.

See Cleodius.

Cleobius, a heretic, 199.

Cleopatra, 88.

Clergy, 289; exempted by ConstanSea, 95.

Callistio, addressed by Rhodo, 228.

Callistus, bishop of Rome, 268.

Camithus, father of Simon the high priest, 97.

Candidus, an ecclesiastical writer, 245.

Canon, of N. T. Scriptures.

See WV.

T. Canon.

Of Old Testament.

See O. T. Canon.

Capito, Gentile bishop of Jerusalem, : tine from political duties, 383.

Clopas, father of Simeon and brother of Joseph, 146, 163, 164, 199.

Cnosians, inhabitants of Cnosus of Crete, 201.

Cochaba, a village of Judea, 93.

Coele-Syria, 226.

Colluthion, 300.

Commodus, emperor of Rome, 224, 226.

'Cappadocia, 132, 136, 257, 274, 291, 294, 295, 303, 312, 313, 332, 353) 4.

Cae emperor of Rome, 255, 263, 268.

Caricus, receives letter from Serapion, 82 sg.

Christians, origin of name, 107; ac239, 240, 245, 254.

Confession of faith, attitude of Novacusations against, 180; called Atheists, 190; mutilations of, 333; right of holding property guaranteed to them by Constantine and Licinius, 380; property of, restored by Constantine and Licinius, 380 Christophany, 83 (note II).

Chronicle of Eusebius, 82.

Chronological Canons of Eusebius. tus towards, 297 (note 3).

Confessors, (éudAoya), 218; dressed by Novatus, 292.

Confirmation, 289 (note 25).

Conon, bishop of Hermopolis, 291.

Constantine, becomes emperor, 335; ad237, 258.

Carinus becomes emperor, 316.

Carpocrates, the Gnostic, 179.

Carpocatians, immorality of, (note 18), 199.

Carpus, a martyr, 193.

Carthage, 294, 381, 382.

Carus, emperor of Rome, 316.

Cassianus, Gentile bishop of Jerusa-

conquers Maxentius, 363, 364; enters Rome in triumph, 364; erects a statue in Rome with the cross in its hand, 364; issues in conjunction with Licinius an edict of toleration, 364, 365, 368; edict of toleration, copy of, 378380; summons a synod at Rome, 381; summons a synod at Arles, 381; grants money to the churches, 382; favors shown by him to Licinius, 384; conquers Licinius, 386; becomes sole emperor and enjoys lasting peace and prosperity, 386, 387.

See Chronicle of Eusebius.

Chrysophora, addressed by Dionysius lem, 226.

Cassianus, an ecclesiastical writer, 260.

Cassius, bishop of Tyre, 244.

Catechumens, training of,

(note 3).

Cathari, followers of Novatus, 286.

Catholic Church, 380, 381, 383.

Catholic epistles, 128, 261.

Celadion, bishop of Alexandria, 184, of Corinth, 202.

Church, the bride of Christ, 376, 377.

Church, Holy Catholic, 188, 189, 191, 299; 313, 315.

Churches, destruction of, under Diocletian, 324; restoration of, after the great persecution, 370; dedication of, 370 sq.

Cilicia, 291, 294, 295, 352.

350, 351, 197.

Celerinus, a Roman confessor, 287.

STORY: OF -EUSEBIUS.

THE CHURCH

iit Dioscorus, confessor under Decius, 284, 285.

Disciples, careers of, after ascension Diaconate, 103, 104; among the Therapeute, 119.

Diatessaron, of Tatian, 209.

Didymus, addressed by Dionysius of Constantius, joins Galerius in issuing an edict of toleration, 339; friendliness of, toward Christians, 335, 341; death of, 335, 341.

Coracion, a Chiliast, opposed by Dioof Christ, 132.

Dispensation (oikovouia) of Christ, 81, 82.

Dispersion, Hebrews of the, 136.

Dius, bishop of Jerusalem, 256.

Dius, a martyr, 334.

Divinity of Christ (@eodAoyla), discussed by Eusebius, 82-86.

Divinity of Christianity, 82 sg.

Docetz, 258.

Dolichianus, Gentile bishop of JeruAlexandria, 301, 305.

Diocletian, becomes emperor, 316; persecution of, 316; friendliness of, toward Christians, 323; first edict of, against Christians, 324, 342; second edict of, against Christians, 325, 342; third edict of, against Christians, 325, 328, 342; abdication of, 335, 340, 345; death of, 340; martyrs under, in Palestine, 342; socalled fourth edict of, issued by Maximian, 344 (note 2); socalled fifth edict of, issued by Galerius and Maximinus,

(note 1), 364, 366; causes of the persecution of, discussed, 397-400.

Dionysia, martyr under Decius, 284.

Dionysius, the Areopagite, 137; first nysius, 309.

Corinth, church of, founded by Peter and Paul, 130, 138, 169, 197, 198, 200, 221, 242.

Corinthians, addressed by Paul, 199.

Cornelius, bishop of Antioch, 197.

Cornelius, bishop of Rome, 280, 293; epistles of, concerning Novatus, 286-287, 289, 290, 291.

Cornelius, the centurion, conversion salem, 226.

Domitian, becomes emperor, 147; persecution under, 147, 148, 205, 222; commands that descendants of David be slain, 148, 150, 163, of, 107.

Cornutus, a philosopher and rhetorician, 266.

Creed, of the Church, attitude of No164.

Domitius, addressed by Dionysius of vatus toward, 297 (note 3); early existence of, in the Roman Church, 297 (note 3).

Crescens, companion of Paul, 137.

Crescens, an enemy of Justin, 193, Alexandria, 301, 305.

Domninus, an apostate, addressed by Serapion, 257.

Domninus, a martyr, 348.

Domnus, bishop of Antioch, 315, 316, bishop of Athens, 138, 200.

Dionysius, bishop of Alexandria, quoted, 160, 281, 283-286, 300; succeeds Heraclas as principal of the catechetical school, 275, 278; epistle of, to Germanus, 281; sufferings of, during the Decian persecution, 282, 301, 302; epistle of, to Fabius, 283286, 290; attitude of, toward the lapsed, 283 (note 1), 285, 286, 290; his account of Serapion, 290; epistle of, to Novatus, 290, 291; various epistles of, 291, 311, 312; on Repentance, 291; on Martyrdom, 291; against Novatus, 291; epistles of, on the rebaptism of the lapsed, 294, 295,

296, 297; appealed to by Eusebius as an authority, 293, 318; on Sabellius and his heresy, 295, 311; attitude of, toward heretical teachings, 295; on the persecution under Valerian, 298-302; sufferings of, during persecution under Valerian, 299-301; addressed by the Emperor Gallienus, 302; festal epistles of, 305,

307; Paschal canon of, 305; on the Sabbath, 307; to Hermammon, 307; on the Promises, 308; on the Apocalypse of John, 309; to Ammon of Bernice, 311; to Telesphorus, Euphranor, and Euporus, 311; on Nature, on Temptations, Exposition of Ecclesiastes, 311; to Dionysius of Rome, to Basilides of Pentapolis, 311; invited to attend synod called against Paul of Samosata, 312; death of, 313, 321.

Demetrius, bishop of Alexandria, 240, | Dionysius, bishop of Corinth, 130, 250, 254, 255, 262, 267, 268, 274, 197, 202; epistles of, 200, 201.

275, 291, 294; hostility of, to| Dionysius of Rome, 295, 296, 311, Origen, 255; relations of, with Origen discussed, 394.

Desposyni, or the relatives of Christ, 194, 195.

Crete, 136, 197, 201.

Crispus, son of Constantine, 386.

Cronion Eunus, martyr under Decius, 284.

Cronius, a Pythagorean philosopher, Bh.

Domnus, bishop of Czsarea, 303.

Donatist schism, 380 (note 16), 383 (note 12).

Dorotheus, presbyter of Antioch, 317.

Dorotheus, a member of Diocletian's household, 323, 327.

Dositheans.

See Dositheus.

Dositheus, a heretic, 199.

266.

Culcianus, a favorite of Maximin, 368.

Cumanus, procurator of Judea, 122 (note 1).

Cynics, life and manners of, 193.

Cyprian, epistles of, concerning the Ebionites, heresy of, 158-160, 223, 264; relation of, to the Elkeites, 280.

Ecclesiastes, commentary on, by DioNovatian schism, 287; on rebaptism of heretics, 294, 296 (note 6).

Cyprus, 104, 355.

Cyrene, 174, 175.

Cyrenius, governor of Syria, census nysius, 311.

Eden, 306.

Edessa, visit of Thaddeus to, 100102; Christianity introduced into, 00-102, 104.

Egypt, 88, 93, 94, 95, 174, 175, 226, under, 88, 89.

Cyril, bishop of Antioch, 317.

Damas, bishop of Magnesia, 168.

Damascus, 359.

Damneus, father of Jesus the high 249, 250, 267, 291, 298, 299, 300, 301, 305, 307, 308, 328, 329, 334s 351, 355, 360, 368.

Egyptian false prophet, mentioned in priest, 128.

Daniel, the prophet, 85, 90, 276, 352.

David, 86, 9o.

Deacons, not to be identified with the the Acts, sedition of, 123.

Egyptian nation, 305, Elagabalus, Roman emperor, 268, 269.

Elders, account of appointment of, in " Seven," 103 (note 2a); limited to seven in the Roman Church, 288 (note 18).

Decius, becomes emperor, 280; perActs vi, 103 (mote 2a); "The Ancient Elders," 133, 171.

Eleazer, the high priest, 97.

Eleazer of Bathezor, 140.

Eleutheropolis, 350, 351.

Eleutherus, bishop of Rome, 184, 199, secution under, 280-286, 301; slain, 293; wickedness of, 307, 326.

Demetrianus, bishop of Antioch, 303, 312, 315.

Demetrius, a Jewish writer, 260.

Demetrius, companion of Dionysius 211, 219-221, 240.

Eli, son of Melchi, 91, 92, 94.

Elias, a martyr, 351.

Elijah, 352.

Elkesites, heresy of, 280.

Elpistus, of Amastris, 201.

Emesa, 334.

Emesa in Pheenicia, 360.

Encratites, 207, 208.

Ennathas, a martyr, 350.

Enoch, book of, 310.

Ephesus, 162, 163, 167, 171, 180, 187, of Alexandria, 301.

Demetrius, bishop, addressed by the Emperor Gallienus, 302.

312, 313, 316.

Dionysius, a martyr of Palestine, nots:

Dioscorus, companion of Dionysius of 93:

Diaconal epistle of Dionysius, 291.

Alexandria. 301.

196, 222, 223, 236, 237, 241, 242,

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

ee ee Germany, 220.

Gessius Florus, Procurator of Judea, Felix, bishop of Rome, 316, 317.

Fertur, @éperai, the use of the word 310; church of, founded by Paul, 150.

Ephres, bishop of Jerusalem, 176.

Epimachus, martyr under Decius, 284.

Epistles, of the Apostles, 133; Catho130.

Gitto, a village of Samaria, 114.

Gnosticism, 179; commonly misunderstood, 114 (note 17).

Gomorrah, 83.

Goratheni.

Gordianus, emperor of Rome, 274, in connection with writings, discussed, 388 sg.

Festus, procurator of Judea, 123, 125.

Firmilian, bishop of Ceesarea in Caplic, 261; thirteen of Paul, 268.

Eros, bishop of Antioch, 197.

Essenes, Jewish sect, 199.

Estha, wife of Matthan and Melchi, padocia, 274, 291, 294, 295, 303, 312, 313; attitude of, toward Paul of Samosata, 314; death of, 314.

Firmilianus, governor of Palestine, 349» 359; 352; 353s 354:

Flavia Domitilla, 148.

Flavia Neapolis, 185.

Flavianus, governor of Palestine, 342.

Flavius, addressed by Dionysius, 305.

Flavius Clement, consul of Rome, 148.

Flavius Josephus.

See Fosephus.

Florinus, schism of, at Rome, 229, See Gortheus.

278.

Gordius, bishop of Jerusalem, 256.

Gorgonius, a member of Diocletian's household, 323.

Gorthzeus, a heretic, 199.

Gortyna, 201, 203.

Gospel, why not preached in ancient gl.

Ethiopia, Christianity introduced into, 105 (note 30), 347.

Ethiopian eunuch, conversion of, 105.

Eubulus, a martyr, 354.

Eucharist, the, 243, 290.

Euclid, studied by the Theodotians, times, 84.

Gospels, Irenzeus on the, 222; of Mat248.

Euelpis, 268.

Eumenes, bishop of Alexandria, 177, thew, see Matthew, of Mark, see Mark, of Luke, see Luke; of John, see Fohn; order of, 152, 184.

Eumenia, 233, 242.

Eunuchs, eligibility of, to clerical offi237, 238.

Florus.

See Gessius Florus.

Frumentius, introduces Christianity into Ethiopia, 105 (ncte 30).

155; of the Nazarenes, see Vazavrenes; according to the Hebrews, see Hebrews, Gospel of; of Peter, see Peter ; order of the, according to Clement, 261; the four, 273; used by the Elkesites, 280.

Gratus, proconsul of Asia, 231.

Greece, 226, 240.

Greek learning, 276.

Gregory, "the Illuminator," the aposces, 317 (note 12).

Eunus.

See Cronion Eunus.

Euphranor, addressed by Dionysius, Fundanus, proconsul and governor of Asia, 206.

311.

Euphrates river, 100.

Eupolemus, a Jewish writer, 260.

Euporus, addressed by Dionysius, 311.

Eusebius, claim of, to be called the Gaius I., Gentile bishop of Jerusalem, 226.

Gaius II., Gentile bishop of Jerusalem, 226, Gaius, martyr of Eumenia, 233.

" Father of Church History," 81

(note 5); Canon of, 155-157.

Eusebius of Alexandria, a deacon and tle of Armenia, 362 (note 2).

Gregory Thaumaturgus, 275, 303, 312.

Gaius, companion of Dionysius of companion of Dionysius of Alexandria, 299, 301, 302; becomes bishop of Laodicea, 302, 318; Alexandria, 282.

Galatia, 132, 136, 230, 295.

Galatians, Epistle of Paul to, 99.

Galba, Roman emperor, 138.

Galen, reverenced by the TheodoHades, descent of Christ into, 102.

Hadrian becomes Emperor, 175, 176; conduct of, during the siege of the Pyrucheium, 319, 320; death of, 320.

Eutychianus, bishop of Rome, 317.

Eutychius, 313.

Evangelists, still eminent in time of war of the Jews under, 177, 180, 226; rescript in favor of Christians, 181, 182, 206; friendliness toward the Christians, 220.

Hebrew Gospel of Matthew, 222.

Hebrew nation, antiquity of, 87.

Hebrews, 84, 87, 98; of the dispertians, 248.

Galerius, fatal illness of, 338; his edict of toleration, 339, 340, 356; effect of it upon Christians, 357, 358; original author of the Diocletian persecution, 340; death of, 340; fifth edict of, 350.

Galilean, 89.

Galileans, Jewish sect, 199.

Galilee, 88, 95.

Gallienus, emperor of Rome, 300, 313; peace under, 302, 307.

Gallus, becomes emperor, 293; episTrajan, 169.

Evarestus, bishop of Rome, 165, 174, sion, 136.

Hebrews, Epistle to; not included among Paul's Epistles by Caius, 268; authorship of, 388; according to Origen, 273; referred to as Paul's, 117, 134; canonicity of, view of Eusebius, 155, 159, 173, 260, 278; placed among the vd60, 156, 169; used by Hegesippus, 200; mentioned by Irenzus, 244.

Hebrews, Gospel of, written originally 22h Evodius, first bishop of Antioch, 149.

Exodus, the, 319.

Exorcists, 288.

Ezekiel, Origen's commentary on, 277.

Ezra, the Jewish priest, 224. tle of Dionysius to, 293; persecutes Christians, 293.

Gamala, a city of Gaulonitis, 89.

Gamaliel, 112.

Gaul, 137, 198, 211, 216, 242, 243, Fabi, father of Ishmael the high priest, 97.

Fabianus, miraculously chosen bishop of Rome, 274-275; Origen's epistle to, 279; suffers martyrdom, 280.

Fabius, bishop of Antioch, 281, 303; in Hebrew, and translated by Luke, 261.

Hegesippus, memoirs of, used by Eu-

381.

Gaulonite.

See Yudas the Gaulonite.

Gaza, 334, 344, 345, 349, 355Genealogy of Christ, alleged discresebius, 81 (note 5); account of death of James, the Lerd's brother, 125-127; visits Rome, 184, 198; quoted, 146, 148, 149, 163, 164, 180, 197, 198, 199.

Helen, Queen of the Osrhcenians, 113.

Helena, companion of Simon Magus, epistle of Dionysius to, 283; epistle of Cornelius to, 286-287, 290.

Fadus, procurator of Judea, 112, 113.

False prophets of the Phrygians. See pancy in the Gospels in regard to, 91-94, 277Gentiles, divine word attacked by, 81; preached to by Paul, 136.

Geon, one of the rivers of Eden, 306.

Georze, the strangers that went out of Montanisis.

Famine, under Claudius, 110; in Je114; worshiped by his followers, 114.

Helenus, bishop of Tarsus, 291, 295, rusalem, 139-I4I.

Faustinus, companion of Dionysius of Egypt with the Israelites, 93.

Germanicus, martyr of Smyrna, 189.

Germanio, bishop of Jerusalem, 256.

Germans, the, 219.

Germanus, epistle to, from Dionysius, Alexandria, 301, 334.

Faustus, companion of Dionysius of 312, 313.

Heliodorus, of Laodicea, 294.

Hemerobaptists, Jewish sect, 199.

Heraclas, pupil of Origen, and his Alexandria, 282, 299, 300, 301, 302.

Felix, procurator, 122; subdues Egyp281, 299, 301.

Germanus, a martyr, 350. successor in the catechetical tian false prophet, 123.

THE CHURCH HISTORY OF EUSEBIUS.

ee he eee bishop of Jerusalem, 104, 142, 146, 176, 199; death of, 104; martyrdom of, 125-128, 138; epistle of, placed among the Antilegomena, 156; episcopal chair of, preserved until the time of Eusebius, 305.

Jamna, 352.

Janitors, 288.

Jeremiah, 85, 324, 352.

Jericho, 83, 95, 263.

Jerusalem, 90, 100, 132, 136, 165, 177, kiel, 270; on the Passover, 270; against all heresies, 270.

Hippolytus, a messenger by whom school of Alexandria, 251, 262, 274; successor of Dementrius as bishop of Alexandria, 251, 274, Dionysius sends an epistle to Rome, 291.

Homologoumena (époAo0yovpeva), 275, 297; earnest student! of Greek philosophy, 267; removes to Czesarea, 274; visited by Africanus, 276; dies, 278; opinion of on the re-baptism of heretics, 296.

Heracleides, imperial treasurer under meaning of, as used by Eusebius, 155 (note I).

Hosius of Cordova, 383.

Hyginus, bishop of Rome, 182, 183, 221, 242.

Hymenzus, bishop of Jerusalem, 303, B12 313; 32ke Hymns, celebrating Christ as God, Constantine, 383.

Heraclides, pupil of Origen, martyr223, 235, 241, 255, 256, 257, 268, 273, 274, 291, 303; 310, 321, 352, 379 378.

Jerusalem, church of, persecuted, 104, dom of, 252.

Heraclitus, an ecclesiastical writer, 245.

Herais> pupil of Origen, martyrdom 247.

Hypotyposes, of Clement.

See Clement of Alexandria.

Hyrcanus, high priest of the Jews, 280, 281, 312; bishops of, belonging to the circumcision, 176;

Gentile bishops of, 226, 240; fulk table of bishops of, down to time of Eusebius, 302.

Jesus, the name of, known from the of, 252.

Heresy, Phrygian.

See Montanism.

Heretics, arise after the death of the 90, 92. apostles, 164, 202; re-baptism of, 294-297- :

Hermammon, addressed by Dionysius Iconium, 268, 312; synod of, 296.

Idea, Gnostic, 114 (note 13).

Idumean, 89, 90, 92.

Ignatius, second bishop of Antioch, beginning, 85-87; statue of, erected by the woman with an issue of blood, 304.

Jesus (Joshua), 85, 90.

Jesus, the high priest, 128.

Jesus, son of Ananias, 142.

Jesus, son of Sirach, " Wisdom of,'" of Alexandria, 298, 307.

Hermas, Shepherd of, 135,

placed among the »d@o, 156.

Hermogenes, written against by The149, 165; epistles of, 166-169; martyrdom of, 166-169; quoted, 228:

Illyricum, 121, 132, 136, 273, 356.

India, 225, 347.

Ingenes, martyr under Decius, 285.

Ionian, spoken of by Clement of Alexandria, 225.

Trenzeus, 114, 158, 172, 178, 179, 199, ophilus, 202.

Hermon, bishop of Jerusalem, 321.

Hermophilus, a follower of Theodo260.

Jews, 90, 92, 93, 95, 96, 98, 101, 224, tus the cobbler, 248.

Hermopolis, 291.

Hero, bishop of Antioch, 197.

Hero, pupil of Origen, martyrdom of, 234; misfortunes of, in consequence of plots against Christ,

81; first persecution of, 104; driven out of Rome by Claudius, 121; calamity at feast of Passover under Claudius, 122; disturbances under Nero, 122, 123; last war of, against the Romans, 242, 244, 260; life and writings of, 198, 244; writes against Marcion, 203; quoted, 148, 150, 168,

170, 182, 183, 187, 188, 197, 207, 209, 223, 224, 238, 239; recommended by the Gallic confessors,

219; becomes bishop of Lyons, 220; his catalogue of the bishops of Rome, 221; gives an account of post-apostolic miracles,

221; his work against heresies, 221; on the Scriptures, 222-224; writes against Blastus and Florinus, 237; on Monarchy, 238; on the Ogdoad, 238; admonishes Victor not to excommunicate the Asiatic church, 243; teaches that Christ is God and man, 247.

Isaac, 83-87.

Isaiah, 86, 299, 307, 352; commen252.

Hae of Ascalon, 89, 92.

Herod the Great, becomes king, 89, 90, 93; lineage of, 93; cruelty toward the infants, 94; death of, 94, 95; succeeded by Archelaus, 96; puts John to death, 98; fears the coming of Christ, 149.

Herod the Younger, or Herod An130, 131; calamities of, under Trajan, 174; war of, under Hadrian, 177,181; assist in persecuting Christians at Smyrna, 190— tipas, 96; exiled with Herodias, 192; Justin writes against, 1963. mutilate the Scriptures, 197; heresies among, 199.

John the Baptist, 96, 153; testimony 107.

Herod Agrippa I., appointed king of the Jews, 107; kills James, and imprisons Peter, 111; eaten of worms, III; death of, 112.

Herod Agrippa II., appointed king of Josephus in regard to, 97, 98.

John, the apostle, 104, 163, 170, 171, 226, 236, 239, 242, 244, 309, 310; receives his revelation in the time of Domitian, 222; labors in Asia, and dies at Ephesus, 132, 138; banished to Patmos,

148; after banishment, resides in Ephesus, 149, 150; narrative of, 150; writings of, 154; speaks against Cerinthus, 161, 187; death and burial place, 162; two monuments of, in Ephesus, 310; same marks in Gospel and epistle of, 311; Gospel of, 152, 222, 261, 273, 3093 reason for composition of, 153; commentary on, by Origen, 271; compared with the Apocalypse: by Dionysius, 310; First Epistle of, 173, 222, 309; a part of the N. T. Canon, 156; Second and Third Epistles of, placed among the Antilegomena, 156; discussed by Dionysius, 310; Acts of, 157; Apocalypse of, work on, by Melof the Jews by Claudius, 122; deprives Ananus of the high priesthood, 128; testifies to the truthfulness of Josephus, 146.

Herod, the Eirenarch, 191.

Herodias, wife of Philip and of Herod tary on, by Origen, 277.

Ischyrion, slain by his master for not Antipas, 97, 98.

Heron, martyr under Decius, 284.

Hesychius, Egyptian bishop and marsacrificing, 285.

Ishmael, the high priest, 97.

Jsidorus, martyr under Decius, 284.

Israel, 83, 91, 93, 306, 324, 352.

Italy, 286, 287, 316, 356. tyr, 334.

Hexzmeron, work of Hippolytus on the, 270; works by Candidus and various Fathers on the, 245.

Hexapla, of Origen, 263.

Hierapolis, burial-place of Philip, 162, Jacob, the patriarch, 83, 87.

Jacob, son of Matthan, 91, 92, 94.

James, the son of Zebedee, death of, 104, IIO, III, 138; cited as an authority by Papias, 171; by Clement of Alexandria, 226; brother of John the apostle, 309, 310.

James, the so-called brother of the 163, 165, 172, 206, 230, 237, 242.

Hierax, a bishop in Egypt, addressed by Dionysius, 305, 313.

Hippolytus, a bishop and ecclesiastical writer, 268; writings of, 269, 270; Paschal canon of, 270; work of, on the Hexzemeron, 270; against Marcion, 270; on the Song of Songs, 270; on EzeLord, 99; called the Just by the ancients, 104; why called brother of the Lord, 104; made first

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

ee EUEEEEE EEE ENEInES ESSIEN

Macrianus, financial minister of ValeLaity, 286, 287, 289.

Laodicea, 205, 242, 291, 294, 318, ito, 204; spoken of, by Irenzeus, 222; by Apollonius, 236; by Origen, 273; by Nepos, 308; by Dionysius, 309; authorship of, assigned to Cerinthus, 309; author of, 310.

John, surnamed Mark, 310.

John, bishop of Jerusalem, 176.

John, the presbyter, friend of Papias, rian, 298. becomes emperor, 268, Macrinus, 319, 320.

Lapsed, the, attitude of Dionysius 307.

Meander, 168, 233.

Magi, the visit of, to Christ, 94.

Magna Grecia, 226.

Magnesia, 168.

Malchion, a Sophist, opponent of Paul toward, 283 (note 1), 285 (note 6); attitude of Novatus toward, 286; attitude of Cornelius and the church of Rome toward, 286; controversy concerning, 293 (note 3).

Laranda, 268.

Larisszeans, 206.

Latronianus, corrector of Sicily, 382.

Lebanon, 355, 375:

Leonides, father of Origen, 249.

Levi, bishop of Jerusalem, 176.

Levi, tribe of, 224.

Liberty, full religious, granted by Constantine and Licinius, 379. of Samosata, 313.

Malchus, martyr at Cesarea, under 170 (note 4), 171, 172.

John, a confessor, wonderful memory Valerian, 302.

Mambre, oak of, 83.

Mammeza, mother of Emperor Alexof, 355Jonathan, the high priest, 123.

Jordan, river, 95, 304.

Joseph, the father of Christ, 91, 92, 94, 95, 104, 146, 223, 264.

Joseph, bishop of Jerusalem, 176.

Joseph Barsabbas.

See Barsabbas.

Josephus, 88, 90, 96, 97, 107; quoted, ander Severus, has an interview with Origen, 269.

Manes, 316; proclaims himself the Paraclete, 317.

Manganea, probably northeast of Palestine, 354.

Manicheans, heresy of, 316, 317.

Marcella, mother of Potamizena, mar-

89, 94, 95, 98, 108, 109, 110, III,

112, 122, 127, 138, 139, 260, 319; testimonies of, in regard to John the Baptist, and Christ, 97, 98; on the death of James the Just, 127, Libya, 300, 301, 355Licinius, becomes emperor, 335; joins

Galerius in issuing an edict of toleration, 339; conquers Maximin, 363, 366; issues in conjunction with Constantine an edict of toleration, 364, 365; puts to death the favorites and tyrdom of, 253.

Marcellinus, bishop of Rome, 317.

Marcellus, companion of Dionysius 128; work of, on the Jewish War, 130, 131; life and works of, 143; O. T. Canon of, 144.

Josephus Caiaphas.

See Cazaphas.

Joshua, 83.

Judah, 89, 90. of Alexandria, 300.

Marcian, a friend of Irenzeus, 244.

Marcianus, a heretic, 258.

Marcion, asceticism of, 114 (note 18) ; the children of Maximin, 3863, edict of toleration, text of, 378380; plots against Constantine, 384; persecutes the Christians, 384-386; extortions and cruel laws of, 385; conquered by Constantine, 386.

Linus, bishop of Rome, 132, 137, 147, heresy of, 182, 183, 233; Justin's work against, 184, 197; meets Polycarp in Rome, 187, 201; written against by Theophilus, 202; mentioned by Tatian, 208; written against by Bardesanes, 210; work against, promised by Irenzus, 223; written against by Rhodo, 227; holds two principles, 228; a martyr of the sect of, at Ceesarea under Valerian, 302; and in Palestine, 351.

Marcionists, 199.

Marcionites, 233.

Marcius Turbo, a Roman general, 174.

Marcus, bishop of Alexandria, 184.

Marcus, first Gentile bishop of JeruJudas (Iscariot), 99.

Judas, candidate with Matthias, 103, 172, Judas, the prophet, 234.

Judas, bishop of Jerusalem, 176.

Judas, an ecclesiastical writer, 254.

Judas of Galilee, or Judas the Gaulo149, 221.

Adyia, of Papias, 170; of Matthew, 173.

Longinus, a philosopher and rhetorinite, 88, 89.

Judas Thomas.

See Thomas.

Jude, brother of the Lord, 148, 164; cian, 266.

Lucian, presbyter of Antioch, 333, Epistle of, 128, 260, 261; placed among the Antilegomena, 156.

Judea, 88, 93, 94, 95, 96, 100, 104,

360.

Lucius (Verus), emperor of Rome, 185, 188 Lucius, a martyr, 195, 196.

Lucius, bishop of Rome, 293.

Lucius, companion of Dionysius of I 75.

Julian, islion of Alexandria, 224, 240, 250.

Julian, bishop of Apamea.

Julian I, Gentile bishop of Jerusalem, 226.

Julian II., Gentile bishop of Jerusasalem, 178, 226.

Marcus, addressed by Constantine, 381.

Marcus, the Gnostic, 183.

Marcus Aurelius, 106, 185, 186, 188, Alexandria, 301, 313.

Lucius Quintus, a Roman general, 175.

Lucuas, leader of the Jews, 174, 175.

Luke, on the genealogy of Christ, 91, lem, 226.

Julian, martyr under Decius, 284.

Julian, a Cappadocian martyr, 354.

Juliana, friend of Origen, 264.

Jupiter Philius, 359.

Justin, apology of, quoted, 114, 158, 196, 197, 205, 210, 211, 219, 220, 224; Eusebius' confusion in regard to, discussed, 390, 391.

Mareotis in Egypt, 300, 301.

Mareotis, lake of, 118.

Maria, lake of.

See Mereotts.

Marinus of Arles, 381.

Marinus, a martyr at Ceesarea, 303.

Marinus of Tyre, 294.

Mark, the Evangelist, 128; preaches 92, 277; author of the Acts, 112, 136, 137; wrote Acts during Paul's imprisonment, 124, 273; parentage and profession of, 136; Gospel of, 136, 137, 153, 222, 273; reason for composition of the Gospel, 154, 163; traditional translator of the Epistle to the Hebrews, 169, 261; author of the Epistle to the Hebrews according to some, 273.

180, 181, 184, 185, 193, 195, 196, 223; work against Marcion, 184; against heresies, 185; martyrdom of, 193; works of, 196, 197, 208; speaks of Christ as God, 247.

Justus, bishop of Alexandria, 176.

Justus, bishop of Jerusalem, 165, 176.

Justus of Tiberias, 145.

Justus Barsabbas.

See Barsadbas. in Egypt, 116, 310; interpreter of Peter, 172, 173, 222; Gospel of, 115, 153, 261, 273; composition of Gospel of, 116.

Marriage, pronounced fornication by Lupus, governor of Egypt, 174.

Lycia, 345.

Lyons, account of Martyrs of, 211; Epistle of Church of, 212, 220.

Lysanias, Tetrarch of Abilene, 96, 107.

Tatian, 208.

Mars, 360. udprus, 164, 213, 218, 237.

Martyrdom, Dionysius of Alexandria «Afjpov, used in the sense of " order" or " class," 213.

Knowledge, "falsely so-called," $1, Macar, a Libyan, martyr under Decius, 284.

Macedonian months, table of, 403.

Macedonians, 223.

Machezra, citadel of, 98.

178, 221, 317. on, 291.

Martyrdoms, collection of, 211.

See Lacedzemonians, 200.

Letus, governor of Alexandria, 250.

Ancient Martyrdoms.

THE CHURCH HISTORY OF EUSEBIUS.

Martyrdoms of the Ancients.

See Ancient Martyrdoms.

Martyrs, in Palestine, under DiocleMaximus, Gentile bishop of Jerusalem, Nathan, son of David, 91, 92, 94.

Nature, work on, by Dionysius, 311.

Nave, father of Joshua, 85.

Nazara, a village of Judea, 93.

Nazarenes, Gospel of, 168 (note 15).

Nebuchadnezzar, 224.

Nemesion, an Egyptian, martyr under 226.

Maximus, a Roman confessor, 287.

Maxys, a military tribune, 350.

Mazabanes, bishop of Jerusalem, 281, tian, 342-356; in Alexandria, under Decius, 283; in Czesarea, under Valerian, 302.

Mary, the mother of Christ, 94, 264.

Mary, daughter of Eleazar, 140.

Mary, wife of Clopas, 164.

Masbotheans, Jewish sect, 199.

Masbotheus, a heretic, 199.

Maternus of Cologne, 381.

Mattathias, father of Josephus, 143.

Matthew, the Apostle, 91, 92, 94; 294, 303.

Melchi, father of Eli, 91, 92, 94.

Melchizedec, 86, 373.

Meletius, bishop in Pontus, 321; called " honey of Attica," 320.

Melitene, in Cappadocia, 328.

Melitene legion, the so-called " ThunDecius, 285.

Neon, 268.

Neo-Platonism, 264 (note I).

Nepos, schism of, 308, 309.

Nero, succeeds Claudius, 122; more cruel in his later years, 125 (note 15); persecutions and crimes of, 128, 129, 138, 147, 149, 163, 205.

Nerva, becomes emperor, 149.

New Testament Canon, 133, 155, 273. eben father of the LEirenarch Herod, Ig1.

Nicolaitans.

See Wicolaus, sect of.

Nicolaus, sect of, 161.

Nicomachus, a Pythagorean philosodering Legion," 2109.

Melito, bishop of Sardis, 186; life and writings of, 198, 203-206, 242, 261; teaches Christ is God and man, 247.

Menander, the sorcerer, successor of wrote a Hebrew Gospel, 152, 173, 222, 225; Gospel of, used by the Ebionites, 159 (note 8), 171; Gospel of, found by Bartholomew in India, 225; Gospel of, written first in Hebrew, 273; commentary on Gospel of, by Origen, 279; on the genealogy of Christ, 91, 92, 277.

Matthias, chosen to the Apostolate, Simon Magus, 157, 158, 178.

Menandrianists, 199.

Mercuria, martyr under Decius, 284, Merozanes, bishop of Armenia, 291.

Mesopotamia, 175, 294, 332.

Metras, martyr under Decius, 283.

Metrodorus, Marcionite martyr at Smyrna, 192.

Micah, the prophet, 94.

Milan, edict of, 379, 380.

Miltiades, writings of, 233, 234; writes against Montanists, 234; speaks of Christ as God, 247.

Miltiades, bishop of Rome, addressed pher, 266.

Nicomas, bishop of Iconium in Lyca99, 103, 172; ascetic teaching of, 161; one of the Seventy, 103; Gospel of, excluded from the Canon, 157 Matthias, bishop of Jerusalem, 176.

Maturus, a Gallic witness in the peronia, 312, 313.

Nicomedia, 333, 360, 365; persecutions in, under Diocletian, 326, 327, 328; fire in palace of, 327.

Nicomedians, 201.

Nicopolis, near Actium, 263.

Nilus, in Egypt, 285.

Nilus, an Egyptian bishop and martyr, secution under Marcus Aurelius, 213, 215.

Mauritania, 328, 356, 382.

Maxentius, usurps the imperial purby Constantine, 381.

Miltiades, a Montanist, 230.

Minucius Fundanus, proconsul of Asia, receives rescript from Hadrian in favor of Christians, 181, 182.

Miracles, of the Post-Apostolic age, 334, 355:

Noah, 82, 306. vd80s, Eusebius' use of, 128 (note 46), ple, 335 (note 21), 336; character of, 336; his treatment of female Christians, 337; defeated by Constantine, 363, 364.

Maximian, treatment of female Chris155 (note 1).

Nomes, of Egypt, 118.

Novatian.

See Novatus, Novatus, 294; schism of, 286-290, 296; attitude of, toward the lapsed, 286; Cornelius writes epistles concerning, 286; epistle of Cyprian concerning, 286; character of, according to Cornelius, 287; character of, 287 (note

221; of Narcissus of Jerusalem, 255.

Moabitess.

See Ruth the Moabitess.

Moderatus, a Pythagorean philosopher, 266.

Modestus, 197; writes against Mar- | cion, 203.

Monarchy, work on, by Irenzeus, 238.

Montanism, 103, 207, 229-237, 268.

Montanists, false prophets of, 229.

Montanus, 218, 229, 232, 233, 234, tians, 332 (note 2); fourth edict of, against Christians, 332 (note 2), 344 (note 2); abdication of, 335» 349, 345; conspires against Constantine and meets a shameful death, 336, 340, 364, 366.

Maximilla, Montanist prophetess, 229, 231 (note 18), 232, 233, 234, 236.

Maximinus, bishop of Antioch, 202, 13); ordination of, to the episcopate, 288, 290; addressed by Dionysius, 290, 291; attitude of, toward Catholic baptism, 297.

Novatus, a presbyter of Carthage, 289 (note 29).

Numenius, a philosopher and rhetoria7 Maximinus I., Roman emperor, 274.

Maximinus II., treatment of female 235, 236.

Months, table showing Roman method of computing the days of, 402; table of Macedonian, 403.

Moses, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 94, 145, Christians, 332 (note 2), 337; seizes the imperial dignity, 336; character of, 336; persecution of, 345-355; fifth edict of, 350; gives verbal orders to relax the persecution, 357; renews the persecution, 358-361; decree of against the Christians engraved on pillars, 360; famine, pestilence, and war, during the reign of, 362; first edict of toleration, 364, 365; defeated by Licinius, 366; second edict of toleration, 366, 367; death of, 367; honors of, revoked after his death by Constantine and Licinius, 368; children of, put to death, 368.

Maximus, bishop of Alexandria, 299, cian, 266 Numerianus, becomes emperor, 316.

Numidia, 382.

224, 239, 319, 363, 364; shown by Tatian to be older than the most celebrated Greeks, 209, 260; " Harmony of," 267; murmured against, 305.

Moses, a Roman confessor, 289, Muszeus, 319.

Musanus, 197, 207, Mysia, 231.

CEdipodean intercourse, 21 3 Ogdoad, work on, by Irenzus, 238. oixovoula. See Dispensation of Christ.

Old Testament Canon, according to Josephus, 144, 155, 206; according to Melito, 206; according to Origen, 272; used by the Elkesites, 280,

Olympiads, r1o.

Onesimus, pastor of church of EpheNarcissus, Gentile bishop of Jerusalem, 226, 240, 241, 244, 257; miracles of, 255; goes into retirement, 256; comes out of retirement, 256.

Natalius, bishop of the sect of Theosus, 168 Onesimus, addressed by Melito, 206.

Ophites, immorality of, 114 (note 18).

Oracles of the Lord.

See Adyia.

Oracles of Matthew.

See Ady.

300, 301, 302, 313, 321.

Maximus, bishop of Bostra, 312.

3k dotus, 247.

INDEX: OF.,SUBJECTS:

eee ee ar ae a ec acme ecu anraneaaann (ncaa ane caSE EE ORIE ERD 134, 152, 168; Epistles of, a part of the N. T, Canon, 155; Epistles to Timothy, 124, 133; not author of Epistle to the Hebrews, Osrhcenians, Gospel preached to, 104.

Otho, Roman emperor, I 38.

Otrous, or Otrys, in Phrygia, 230.

Origen, quoted, 133, 264; training of, 249; eager for martyrdom, 250; proficient in the Scriptures while yet a boy, 250; refuses to,join in prayer with heretics, 250; takes charge of the catechetical school of Alexandria, 251; proficiency in secular literature, 251; shows bravery during the persecution, but escapes all harm, 251; asceti~ cism of, 252; pupils of, suffering 135; writes to Hebrews in his native tongue, 169, 174, 187, 201; author of Epistle to the Hebrews according to the ancients, 2733"

"Acts of, — 135; "Acts of," placed among the Antilegomena,,156.

Paul, an Antiochian heretic, 250.

Paul, a martyr of Czesarea, 349.

Paul, companion of Dionysius of AlPachymius, Egyptian bishop and martyr, 334Peesis, a martyr, 345.

Pagze, in Lycia, 345.

Palestine, 92, 93, 185, 226, 240, 241, 244, 254, 267, 271, 277, 280, 291, 302, 303, 320, 328, 343, 344) 347 348, 350, 355; martyrs of, 342-

356.

Pale bishop of Amastris, 201, 242.

Pamphilus, presbyter of Czesarea, 320, martyrdom, 252; studies under Clement, 253; makes himself a eunuch, 254; ordained a presbyter, 255,271; accused by Demetrius, 255; addressed by Alexander, 261; earnest study of the Scriptures, 262; his Hexapla, 263; his Tetrapla, 263; his learning attracts many students, including heretics and _philosophers, 264; slandered by Porphyry, 265; allegorical interpretation of the Scriptures, 266 exandria, 282, 301.

Paul of Jamna, a martyr, 352.

Paul of Samosata, 246; character of, 334; Eusebius'

Life of, 277; library of, in Ceesarea, 277, 278; tortured, 348; martyrdom of, 351-354Pamphylia, 310.

Paneas.

See Cesarea Philipp.

Panegyric of Eusebius on the build315, 316; heresy of, 312-316, 318; refuted by Malchion, 313; excommunicated, 313; Epistle of the bishops against, 313-315; Synod held against, 320.

Paulinus of Iconium, 268.

Paulinus of Tyre, 369; the tenth book of the Church History inscribed to, 369; Eusebius' panegyric addressed to, 370; builder of the great church of Tyre, 0 sg.

Peace after the great persecution, 369 sq; finally assured to the Christians after the defeat of Licinius, 387.

Peleus, Egyptian bishop and martyr, ing of the churches, 370-378.

Panius Mountain, source of the Jordan, 304.

Panteenus, the Philosopher, 224, 225, (note 1); proficiency in Grecian learning, 267; visits Arabia, 267; preaches in Czesarea, 267; visits Mammzea, mother of Emperor Alexander Severus, at Antioch, 269; his great zeal in composing commentaries, 271; commentaries prepared by him at Alexandria, 271; visits Greece on ecclesiastical business, 2715 passes through Palestine, 271; commentary on the Gospel of John, 271; on Genesis, 271, 272; on the Psalms, 272; on Lamentations, 272; works on the Resurrection, 272; De Principiis, 272; his Old Testament Canon, 272; friendship of Palestinian bishops towards, 274; work on martyrdom, 274; pupils of, in Cesarea,

275; epistle of, to Africanus, 276; his commentaries, composed in Cesarea in Palestine, 277; on Isaiah, 277; on Ezekiel, 277; second visit to Athens, 277; on the Song of Songs, 277; brings Beryllus back to the orthodox faith, 277; apology for, by Eusebius and Pamphilus, 271, 278;

253, 259, 261, 267.

Paphos, 310.

Papias, of Hierapolis, 116, 165; writings of, 170; quoted, 172174; not a hearer of the Apostles, 170; hearer of Aristion and the Presbyter John, 171; of limited understanding, 172; a chiliast, 172.

Papirius, a martyr, 242.

Papylus, a martyr, 193.

Paraclete, the, 229; Manes proclaims 334, 355Pella, a town in Perea, 138, 177.

Penance, rules for, in the early Church, 278.

Pentapolis, 295, 311.

Pepuza, in Phrygia, named Jerusalem himself to be the, 317.

Paretonium, 301.

Parthia, 132.

Parthicus, 90.

Paschal Canon, of Hippolytus, 270; by Montanus, 235, 236.

Perea, 122 b.

Perennius, a Roman judge, 239, 240.

Perga, in Pamphylia, 310.

Pergamos, 192, 213.

Persecution under Trajan, 165; under of Dionysius, 305; of Anatolius, 319.

Paschal controversy.

See Passover.

Passover, work on, by Melito, 205; Severus, 249, 251; under Maximinus, 274; under Decius, 280controversy concerning the, 241244; agreement in regard to, reached, 244; Clement's work on, 259, 260.

Patermuthius, a martyr, 355.

Patmos, 310.

Patricius, vicar of the prefects, 383.

Paul, the Apostle, 99, 226, 246, 283, 286; followed by peace, 294; under Valerian, 298-302; under Diocletian, 316, 317, 322, 323356; under Licinius, 384-386; causes of persecution under Diocletian, discussed, 397-400.

Persia, 317.

Persians, 224.

Pertinax becomes emperor, 245.

Pestilence in Alexandria, 3c6, 307.

Peter, the Apostle, 99, 104, 226, 258, work of, against Celsus, 278; permits his discourses to be taken by stenographers, 278; commentaries of, on Matthew and the minor prophets, 279; various epistles of, 279; heals dissension of the Arabians, 279; on the Elkesites, 280; sufferings of, in persecution under Decius, 281; addressed by Dionysius on the subject of martyrdom, 291; school of, 303; life and writings of, discussed, 391-394; relations of, with Demetrius, discussed, 394, 304, 310; mentions James the Just, 104; persecutor of Christians, 104; appointed an Apostle, 105; called " prophet," 107,

261, 304, 310, 311; detects Simon Magus, 105,115; instructs Cornelius, 107; imprisoned, 111; preaches in Rome,

I15, 116;

authorizes Mark's Gospel, 116, 110, 113; preaches from Jerusalem to Illyricum, 121, 132, 136,

273; sent to Rome as captive, 123; release and second imprisonment, 124; death of, 128, 129,

261, 273; meets Philo in Rome, 117; death of, 128, 129, 130, 162; burial-place of, 130, 162; with Paul, founds churches of Rome and Corinth, 130, 222; preaches in Pontus, etc., 132, 136; married, 162; martyrdom of wife of, 162, 165, 168; writings of, 133, 134, 149; First Epistle of, 130, 132; burial place of, 130; with Peter founds churches of Corinth and Rome, 130, 222; fellow-laborers mentioned, 136, 137; mentions Luke's Gospel, 137, 149, 154, 273; married, BOL, 168; rejected by the Severians, 209; rejected by the Elkesites, 280; quoted, 352; Epistles of, 395; visit to Greece, cause and date of, discussed, 395-397; final departure of, from Alexandria discussed, 395-397; ordination of, discussed, 397.

Osrhcene, 242.

THE CHURCH HISTORY OF EUSEBIUS.

Preparation, day of, 346, 347 (note 8).

Presbyter, nature of office of, in the Philosophical mode of life, in sense T16, 1225) 133; 173s 222; 2733 First Epistle of, a part of the N.T. Canon, 156; Second Epistle of, 133,273;

" Acts of," 133; " Apocalypse of,"

134, 261; Apocalypse of, placed among the vd001, 156; "Gospel of," 133, 258; Gospel of, excluded from the Canon, 157; " Preaching of," of asceticism, 117, 169, 252, 256.

Philosophy, used in sense of ascetiearly church, 150 (note 14); ancient, 261; office mentioned, 223, 243, 286, 287, 290, 301, 305, 313, 320. mpecButepos, used in an unofficial sense, 278 (note 5).

_ Primus, bishop of Alexandria, 174, cism.

See the preceding.

Philumene, virgin and companion of Apelles, 227.

Phoenicia, 104, 328, 359, 360, 370; martyrs in, 333, 345:

Phoenicians, 304.

Phrygia, 212, 218, 219, 229, 230, 231, 133; "Teaching of," 168 (note 175Prisca Sife of Diocletian, friendliness

235; burning of an entire city of, during Diocletian's persecution, 331, 332.

Phrygian heresy.

See Montanism.

Pierius, presbyter of Alexandria, 321, 15), 171, 172,173; 174.

Peter, bishop of Alexandria, 322, 334, of, toward Christians, 323 (note 2s Priscilla, 121.

Priscilla, Montanist prophetess, 229, Peter, companion of Dionysius of Alexandria, 282, 301.

Peter, a member of Diocletian's house231 (note 18), 235, 237.

Priscus, father of Justin, 185.

Priscus, martyr at Ceesarea under Va322.

Pilate, procuratorship of, 96; conhold, 327.

Peter Apselamus, a martyr, 351.

Petra, 97.

Peucetius, a favorite of Maximin, 368.

Pharno, mines of, 334, 348.

Pharaoh, 363.

Pharisee, 89, 199.

Philadelphia, 168, 192.

Phileas, bishop of Thmuis, Epistle of, quoted, 330; martyrdom of, 33% 334Philemon, a Roman presbyter addressed by Dionysius of Alexandria, 295.

Philetus, bishop of Antioch, 269, 271.

Philip, the Tetrarch, 96, 107.

Philip, the Asiarch, 190.

Philip, bishop of Jerusalem, 176.

Philip of Gortyna, 198, 201; writes against Marcion, 203.

Philip of Arabia, Roman emperor, reported to have been a Christian and to have done penance,

278; Origen's Epistle to, 279; slain, 280.

Philip, son of Emperor Philip, 278.

Philip, one of the Twelve, 242; preaches in Samaria, 104; encounters Simon Magus, 105; instructs Ethiopian eunuch, 105; married, 161; confounded with Philip, the Evangelist, 162, 171; burial-place of, 162; daughters of, 162, 169, 172, 234, 242.

Philip, the Evangelist, confounded with Philip, the Apostle, 162, 171; death of, and of his daughters, 163, 242; resided at Hierapolis, 172, 242.

Philippians, 168; Polycarp's Epistle demns Christ, 98; reports to Tiberius, 105; tyranny of, 109; stirs up tumult among the Jews, lerian, 302.

Probus, Roman emperor, 316.

Probus, a martyr, 351.

Proclus, opponent of Caius, 163.

Proclus, an ecclesiastic, 313.

Proclus, a Montanist, and an opponent 109, 110; suicide of, 110 (note 1); forged acts of, 96, 359, 360; Christ crucified under, 222.

Pinnas, bishop, addressed by the Emperor Gallienus, 302.

Pinytus, bishop of Crete, 197, 201.

Pionius, a martyr, 162.

Pius, bishop of Rome, 182, 183, 221, of Caius of Rome, 130, 163, 268.

Procopius, a Palestinian martyr, 342.

Prophets, from Jerusalem, 107.

Proselyte, Jewish, 93.

Protoctetus, a presbyter of Czesarea, 243.

Pius, emperor of Rome. : See Ansonz274.

Protogenes, 313.

Proverbs of Solomon, called " Allvirtuous Wisdom," 200.

Psalms, celebrating Christ as God, 247; Hexapla of the, 263.

Ptolemzus, a martyr, 195.

Ptolemais, in Pentapolis, 244, 295.

Ptolemies of Egypt, close of dynasty nus Pius.

Plato, 181, 266.

Plinius Secundus, governor of Bithynia, writes concerning Christians, 164.

Plutarch, pupil of Origen, 251; martyrdom of, 252.

Polybius, bishop of Tralles, 168.

Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna, 161, 165, of, 88.

Ptolemy, martyr under Decius, 285.

Ptolemy Lagus, king of Egypt, 223.

Ptolemy Philadelphus, 319.

Publius, bishop of Athens, 200.

Publius, Gentile bishop of Jerusalem, 167, 168, 170, 187, 188, 220, 238, 239, 242, 243; martyrdom of, 188-192; communes with Anicetus and administers the eucharist in Rome, 244.

Polycrates, bishop of Ephesus, quoted, 226.

Pyrucheium, siege of, 318.

Pythagoreans, one of the most famous 162, 240; on the Paschal controversy, 242.

Pompey, the Roman general, 90, 92.

Pontianus, bishop of Rome, 271, 274.

Ponticus, a Gallic witness in the pertip under Marcus Aurelius, 216.

Lag oe addressed by Serapion, 237, referred to, 266.

Quadratus, the Apologist, 175.

Quadratus, bishop of Athens, 200.

Quadratus, the prophet, 169, 234.

Quinta, martyr under Decius, 283.

Quintus, a Phrygian, 189.

258.

Pontiis Pilate.

See Pilate.

Pontus, 132, 136, 183, 184, 188, 201, Rechabites, 126.

Regeneration, 376.

Remission of sins, according to the to, 188.

Philo, of Alexandria, family and cul223, 242, 276, 294, 303, 312, 321, 333 345, 386.

Porphyry, a martyr, 353; his death reported to Pamphilus by Seleucus, 353.

Porphyry, the Neo-Platonist, 264; gives account of Origen, 265; writes against the Christians, 265, 266.

Potamiaena, martyrdom of, 253.

Pothinus, bishop of Lyons, a Gallic ture of, 107; embassy to Rome, Elkesites, 280.

Repentance, Dionysius of Alexandria 108; on the Embassy, 109; on the Virtues, 109; mnieets Peter in Rome, 117; describes the Therapeute, 117-119; De Vita Contemplativa,

117; writings of, 119-121; reads his "On the Virtues" before Roman Senate, 121; referred to by Clement of Alexandria, 260; by Anatolius, 319.

Philomelium, letter to church of, 188.

Philoromus, a martyr in the persecuon, 291, 292.

Resurrection, 376.

Retecius of Autun, 381.

Revelation.

See Apocalypse of Fohn.

Rhodo of Asia, writes against Marcion, 227; quoted, 227, 228.

Rhone, river, 211.

Rhossus, in Syria, 258.

Roman church, 225, 242, 271, 286, Wik2g0).314\-317! witness in the persecution under Marcus Aurelius, 214, 220.

Potitus, a Marcionite, 228.

Pre-existence of Christ, discussed by Roman emperors, table of, 401.

Roman empire, 89, 90, 101, 223. tion under Diocletian, 330.

Eusebius, 82, 85.

INDEX OF SUBJECTS.

Stephen, bishop of Rome, on the reRoman learning, 276.

Romans, Epistle to, integrity of, 135, Serapion, martyr under Decius, 283.

Serapion, an aged believer of Alexanbaptism of the lapsed, 293, 294, 295.

Stocks, the, 193, 214, 281, 331, 343, . dria, 290.

Serennius Granianus, proconsul of Asia, 181, 182.

Serenus, pupil of Origen, suffers mar203, 205; relation of the last chapter to. the remainder of the epistle, 388.

Romanus, a martyr, 343.

Rome, 106, 167, 168, 169, 183, 186, _ 344gel beg famous ones referred to, 266.

Strato's Tower, III.

Stromata.

See Clement of Alexandria.

Sub-deacons, 288.

Subintroductze, 315. tyrdom by fire, 252.

Serenus, another pupil of Origen, is 197, 198, 210, 219, 220, 228, 239, 241, 243, 246, 261, 262, 381, 382; Peter and Simon Magus in, I15; gathering place of heretics, 115 beheaded, 252.

Servilius Paulus, proconsul of Asia, 205.

Seven, the, appointment of, 103, 104; (mote 6); origin of church of, II5 (note 1); church of, founded by Peter and Paul, 130, 222; Linus, first bishop of, 133; church of, disputes epistle to the Hebrews, 135; liberality of church of, 201; list of early bishops of, Suicide of women, to escape defilenot deacons, but elders,

(note 28), 163.

Seventy, the, 97, 98, 100, 101, 103, ment, 332, 337; opinions of the Fathers in regard to, 333 (note 3):

Susannah, story of, fictitious, accord104, 152.

Severa, wife of Emperor Philip, Oriing to Africanus, 276.

Symeon.

See Simeon.

Symmachus, translator of the Old Tesgen's epistle to, 279.

Severians.

See Severus.

Severus, a heretic, 209.

Severus, Roman emperor, 245, 247, 174 (note 1), 175; bishops of, during reign of Antoninus Pius, 182; Irenzeus' catalogue of bishops of, 221; table of bishops of, during the first three centuries, 401.

Romulus, a martyr, 345.

Rufus, governor of Judea, 168, 177.

Ruth, the Moabitess, 93. tament, 262, 263, 264; an Ebionite, 264.

Synada, in Phrygia, 268; synod of, 269.

Syneros, a Marcionite, 228.

Synod, at Rome, in behalf of the unity 249, 254, 255, 263.

Sextus, an ecclesiastical*writer, 245.

Shepherd of Hermas, See Hermas.

Sicily, 356, 364, 382 | Sidon, 333.

Sidonius, a Roman confessor, 287.

Silas, companion of Paul, 234.

Silvanus, bishop of Emesa, 333, 360.

Silvanus, bishop of Gaza, 334, 348, of the Church on occasion of the Donatist schism, 380, 381; at Arles, summoned by Constantine, 381, 382.

Syracuse, 381.

Syria, 88, 89, 167, 168, 178, 185, 294, Sabbath, Dionysius on the, 307.

Sabellius, heresy of, 295; epistles of Dionysius against, 311.

Sabinus, prefect of Egypt under De355:

Simeon, bishop of Jerusalem, 146, 149, 302, 318, 328, 355176, 199; martyrdom of, 163, 164; date of martyrdom of, 164, 165.

Simon, the high priest, 97.

Simon Barjona, 310.

Simon Magus, attracted by Philip, cius, 282, 301.

Sabinus, an imperial official under Maximin, epistle of, to the provincial governors in regard to the Christians, 357, 358, 364.

Sadducees, most cruel of all the Jews, Taposiris, near Alexandria, 282.

Tarsus, 291, 294, 312, 314.

Tatian, asceticism of, 114 (note 18); authority for martyrdom of Justin, 194; life and writings of, 207-209; heresy of, 207-209: his Book of Problems, 228, 229; instructor of Rhodo at Rome, 222, 228; speaks of Christ as God, 247; mentioned by Clement of Alexandria, 260.

Teaching of Peter.

See Peter.

Telesphorus, bishop of Rome, 177, 104; reputation of, 105; the " great power of God," 105; pretends conversion, 105; baptism of, 105; detected and rebuked by Peter, 105, 113; denounced in Justin's Apology, 114; honored with statue in Rome, 114,

115; author of all heresy, 114; meets Peter at Rome, 115; destroyed, 116, 158, 178, 199.

Simonians, immorality of, 114, 199.

Sion, Mount, 352.

Sixtus.

See Xystus.

Smyrna, 165, 167, 168, 187, 188, 192; 127; Jewish sect, 199.

Sadduchus, a Pharisee, 89.

Sagaris, martyrdom of, 205, 242.

Salome, sister of Herod the Great, Samaria, 104.

Samaritans, Jewish sect, 199.

Samosata, 246, 312-316.

Samuel, 352.

Sanctus, one of the Gallic witnesses 182, 221, 242.

Telesphorus, addressed by Dionysius, 311.

Temptations, work on, by Dionysius, in the persecution under Marcus Aurelius, 213, 214, 215.

Saracens, enslave fugitive Christians, 311.

Tertullian, family and culture of, 106; 285.

Sardis, 186, 203, 242.

Sarmatians, 219.

Saturnilians, 199.

Saturninus, the Gnostic, 178, 208; asletter of church of, to the church of Philomelium, 188 sg.

Socrates, the philosopher, quoted, 194.

Socrates, bishop of Laodicea, 318.

Sodom, 83.

Solomon, 91, 94, 370; " Wisdom of,"

223, 244, 260.

Song of Songs, commentary on, by apology for Christians, 105; on Nero, 129; quoted, 149, 165; narrates the story of the Thundering Legion, 220.

Tetrapla, of Origen, 263.

Thaddeus, one of the " Seventy," 99; ceticism of, 114 (note 18).

Saul, king of Israel, go.

Scriptures, Irenzeus' account of, 222; in Edessa, 100-102, 104.

Thaumaturgus.

See Gregory Thaumaturgus.

Thebais, 249, 328, 329, 334, 349, 350.

Thebuthis, a heretic, 199.

Thecla, a martyr, 344, 347.

Thelymidres, bishop of Laodicea, 291, Origen, 277.

Sophists, 313.

Sosthenes, a companion of Paul, 99.

Sotas, bishop of Anchialus, 237.

Soter, bishop of Rome, 197, 190, 201, allegorical interpretation of, 266 (note I).

Scythia, 132.

Seal, (cppayis).

See Baptism.

Sects, the seven, among the Jews, 199.

Seleucus, a martyr, 353.

Senate, the Roman, 105.

Seneca, bishop of Jerusalem, 176.

Septuagint, composition of, 223, 319; 210, 211, 221, 243.

Spain, 356.

Statius Quadratus, proconsul of Asia, 294.

Themisto, a Montanist, 233, 235.

Theoctistus, bishop of Czsarea in Palestine, 268, 274, 291, 294, 303.

Theodolus, a martyr, 353.

Theodorus.

See Gregory Thaumaturgus.

Theodorus, of Synada, 268.

189 (note 9).

Statue, erected by the woman with an Origen's study of, 262; edited by Origen, 263.

Serapion, bishop of Antioch, writings issue of blood, 304.

Stephen, one of the Seven, 104, 161, 218; martyrdom of, 104, 107, 138.

Stephen, bishop of Laodicea, 320. of, 257; writes against Montanists, 237, 240, 257, 258.

THE CHURCH HISTORY OF EUSEBIUS.

— Vales, deacon from /Elia, and martyr, Titus, first bishop of Crete, 136.

Titus, son of Vespasian, conducts war Theodorus, an ecclesiastic, 313.

Theodorus, Egyptian bishop martyr, 334.

Theodosia, a martyr, 348.

Theodotion, translator of the Testament, 262, 263.

Theodotus of Ephesus, 223.

Theodotus, bishop of Laodicea, 320.

Theodotus, a Montanist, 218, 232.

Theodotus, the elder, the cobbler, 247, 248.

Theodotus, the younger, the banker, 352.

Vatican, 130.

Verissimus (Marcus Aurelius), 185.

Verus, Roman emperor.

See Marcus Aurelius.

Vespasian, emperor, 110, 138, 220; and against Jews, 138, 146; becomes emperor, 147.

Tobias, bishop of Jerusalem, 176, Tobias of Edessa, 101.

Tobias, the father of the former, IOI.

Trajan, Roman emperor, 149, 150, 164, 173, 175, 220; forbids Christians to be sought after, 164-166.

Tralles, 168.

Tripolis, 345.

Troas, 168.

"True Discourse,"

Origen's work against Celsus, 278.

Trypho, the Jew, Dialogue of Justin Old besieges the Jews, 127, 131 (note 4), 141, 143; commands to seek descendants of David, 146, 147.

Vettius Epagathus, one of the Gallic witnesses, 212.

Veturius, a military commander, 326 247.

@coaoyia.

See Divinity of Christ.

Theonas, bishop of Alexandria, 321.

Theophanies, to be regarded as ap- (note 2).

Victor, bishop of Rome, letter of Polycrates to, 162; excommunicates church of Asia, 240, 241,

242, 244, 246, 247; admonished by Irenzeus and others for his treatment of the Asiatic church, 243.

Vienne, a city of Gaul, 98; account against, 196, 197.

Twelve (apostles), the, 99; scattered earances of Christ, 83.

Theophilus, bishop of Antioch, 197, 202.

Theophilus, bishop of Czesarea, 240, abroad, 104.

Twelve Prophets, the, commentary on, by Origen, 279.

Tymium in Phrygia, named Jerusa241, 244, 313.

Theophilus, martyr under Decius, 285.

Theoptyatin, admired by the Theolem by Montanus, 235.

Tyrannion, bishop of Tyre, 333.

Tyrannus, bishop of Antioch, 317.

Tyre, 294, 317, 328, 348, 360; the of martyrs of, 211; Epistle of church of, 212.

Volusian, 298 (note 1). dotians, 248.

Theotecnus, bishop of Czesarea, 303, " Wisdom of Solomon." See Solomon.

Witnesses.

See udprus. great church of, 370 sg.; description of the church, 375378; Eusebius' panegyric on the building of the churches delivered at, 370 sg.

312, 313, 320.

Theotecnus, curator of Antioch, 358; death of, 368.

Therapeutze, described by Philo, 117— 119.

Thessalonians, 206.

Theudas, the Impostor, 112, 113.

Thomas, the apostle, 100, 101; sends Xerxes, 145.

Xystus I., bishop of Rome, 176, 221, 243.

Xystus II,, bishop of Rome, 294, 297, Ulpianus, a martyr, 347.

Urbanus, bishop of Rome, 269, 271.

Urbanus, a Roman confessor, 287.

Urbanus, governor of Palestine, 344, 303, 312; receives Epistle on Baptism from Dionysius, 295.

Thaddeus to Edessa, 104; labors in Parthia, 132; Gospel of, excluded from the canon, 156, 171.

Thrace, 237.

Thraseas, bishop and martyr of EuZaccheus, bishop of Jerusalem, 176, Zacchzeus, a martyr, 343.

Zacharias, 212, 213.

Zambdas, bishop of Jerusalem, 321.

Zebedee, father of James and John, 345» 346, 348, 349.

Urbicius, a Roman governor, 195, 196.

Ursus, finance minister of Africa, 382. menia, 236, 242.

"Thundering Legion," story of, 220.

Thyestean banquets, 213.

Tiberias, 145.

Tiberius, emperor of Rome, 96; reValens, Gentile bishop of Jerusalem, 309.

Zebinas, a martyr, 350.

Zebinus, bishop of Antioch, 271, 275.

Zeno, martyr under Decius, 285.

Zenobius, presbyter of Sidon, 333.

Zenobius, physician and martyr, 334.

Zephyrinus, bishop of Rome, 130, 246, 247, 248, 261, 268, Zerubabel, 371, 374.

Zeus.

See Fupiter.

Zion, mount of, 378.

Zosimus, 168, Zoticus, bishop of Comana, 233, 236.

Zoticus, of Otrous, 230.

226, Valentina, a martyr of Cesarea, 349.

Valentinians, 199.

Valentinus, the Gnostic, 182, 183, 187, ception of Pilate's report, 105, 106; favors Christianity, 106; death of, 107.

Timzus, bishop of Antioch, 317.

Timolaus, a martyr, 345.

Timotheus, a martyr, 344.

Timothy, Paul's Epistles to, 124, 133, 208, 210, 238, 264.

Valeria, daughter of Diocletian, friendliness of, toward Christians, 323 (note 3).

Valerian, Roman emperor, at first friendly to Christians, 298; persecution under, 298-302, 326, Valerius Gratus, procurator of Judea, 137, 221; first bishop of Ephesus, 136.

Timothy, companion of Dionysius of Alexandria, 282, 311.

THE CHURCH HISTORY OF

EUSEBIUS.

INDEX OF TEXTS.

PAGE Isa. xlix. 18-21.

Miya O e aeere

M22, 230 ans

Hi 1; 2

liii. 8

liv gs A

liv. 6-8 :

Live Ri=ld vos sea Ty icles em T PN 6) Ixi. 10, I1 .

Ixv. 15, 16 «

lxvi. 3, 4

Ixvi. 8 .

Jers v-21* IOI IXKVet

Lam. ii. 1, 2 324, Ezek. xii. 2* IOI xili. 3

xxxiil. 1*,

XXXvil. 7

Dats Mr 20h te

vii. 9, 10

vii. 13, 14.

ir 208 ce sere sre) Vee eds Sel Ae Mic. v. 2* 88, 9.

Hag. ii. 9 371," 375» 8 Tobit xii 7.

Ecclus. xxv. * a Matt. i. 6

i, 18

Bac Sl re

i, 19, 20 .

1. 22

IV. 12

Vi. 24".

Vi. 34" .

Vile T5*

aXe 20 S75"

PAGE Gen. i: 26.

. po ae ad +,

xii. 3 te gic wes} 'xiv. 19* eet

xv. 6

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An Gh) AV 250) os =) OS xix. 24...

+ .

xxxii. 28

xxxili. 30

xlix. 10.

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vii. 21* +

xit.5gOr +

xv. I +

XV. 4, 5 »

xv. 5

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xvii. 6

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XXxv. 30 5g.* .

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xix. 14.

xxv. 5 5g. gI Josh. i. 6, 7, 9*

Verlgt is oe Buz v. 13-15

1 Sam. ii. 8.

iv. 20

y Chron. xvi. 22).

Job ix. 10

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xxxvil. 14, 15.

xxxvii. 35, 30.

<liver tops eo

BaP aas & wernint

xly. 6, 7

xlvi. 8, 9

xlviil. 1.

xlviii. 8

lviii..6

Ixxiii. 20

lxxiv. 5, 6

Ixxiv. 7.

IXXXpi2; 13

lxxxvii. 3.

Ixxxix. 39-45 .

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THE CHURCH HISTORY OF EUSEBIUS.

PAGE 2 Tim. iv. 16* .

iv. 16,17 .

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Go go aiul iv. 21°. aS 37, 221 Tit.i.5*.

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xxi. 11

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PAGE PAGE Acts xii, 25* .

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PAGE John xix. 25* . ia 164 xix.) 2O°0 ne

xx 2"

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xxi. 7, 20*

xxi. 25*

Acts i. 21* .

i, 23-26* .

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iv. 36* .

v. 29

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vii. 8 sg.* 104, 138 vii. 60

a ES viii. I, 3, 5* -

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105, 115 viii. 10* .

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ix. 3 5g.* .

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EUSEBIUS: CONSTANTINE.

GENERAL INDEX.

Nore. — The references to prolegomena and notes are in italics.

Cambyses, 574.

Cantacuzenus, Foannes (source), 454Cappadocian bishops at Niczea, 521.

Cappadocian bishops at Jerusalem, Anulinus, letters of C. to, 437Aphaca in Phoenicia, 534.

Apollo, 512, 534, 574, 601, 602.

Apparition of Constantine's troops, Ablavius, letter of C. to, 437- " Aborigines," 602.

Abraham at Mambre, 533.

Acacius, Count, 533, 538.

Accident, 564, 565.

Achaian bishops at Niczea, 521.

Acheron, 567.

Achilles, 577Acrostic " Jesus Christ, Son of God, 502.

Arabian bishops at Niczea, 521; at 55h82 Carthagenians, 602.

Cassiodorus (source), 415.

Cataphrygians, 539.

Catholicus, 549.

Cave of the nativity, 530.

Cave of the ascension, 530,594.

Jerusalem, 551.

Arborius, 429.

Arethusa, 538.

Argo, 577Arius, letters of C. to, 438, 4393 controversies concerning, at Alexandria, 515; letter of C. to, 515Arius and Alexander, origin of conSaviour, Cross," 574.

Adrianople, battle of, 418.

Advent of Christ predicted, 573.

Aegae, 535Aelafius = Ablavius.

Aesculapius, 601; Temple of, 535.

Cedrenus, Georgius (source), 453.

Cemeteries, 510.

Ceres, 590.

Chalcedon, 41y.

Chance, 565.

Chastity, esteem among troversy between, 516; continuation of controversy, 518.

Arles, Council of, 417 note.

Asian bishops at Nicza, 521.

Assyria, laws of, 573.

Assyrian Empire, overthrow of, 574.

Assyrians, 576.

Athanasius, letters of C. to, 4393 (source), 446.

Attaliata, Michel (source), 453.

Augustinus (source), 447.

Augustus, 575.

Aurelian, 579.

Aé@tius, letter of C. to, 538.

Africa, controversies in, 516.

Agathangelus (source), 449.

Alexander of Alexandria, letter of C.

Christians, 492.

Childless persons, law concerning, 546.

Chios, 602. to, 438; letter of C. to, 515; appoints George of Arethusa, presbyter, 538.

Alexander and Arius, origin of conChrestus, letter of C. to, 437.

Christ appears to C. in a dream, 490; the Son of God, 563; the creator of all things, 563; coming of in the flesh, 568; is God, and the Son of God, 568; miraculous conception of, 569; the Preserver, 569; doctrines and miracles of, 572; teaching of, 572; coming of, predicted, 573; cares for Daniel, 574; prophesied by the Sibyl, 575; miraculous birth of, 575, 576; divinity of, 576, 577; the author of Constantine's victories, 578; the Son of God, 578.

See under Word.

Christian Conduct, 578.

Christians promoted to office, 511; troversy between, 516; continuation of, 518.

Alexander of Thessalonica, 551, note.

Alexander the Great, 483.

Alexandria, Arian, controversies at, 515 ; worships at, prohibited, Babylon, 573.

Bacchus, 590, 601.

Bacchus, Omadian, 602.

Banquet given to bishops at Nica, 540.

Amasia of Pontus, cruelties at, 500.

Ambrosius of Milan (source), 447.

Ammianus Marcellinus (source), 523, 524.

Baptism (mythical) of C., 439.

Baptism of C., 556.

Bassianus, 417, note.

Bethlehem, erection of church in, 530s 531, 594Bindings, elaborate, 549.

Amomum, 576.

Amoses, 602.

Amphiaraus, 601.

Anastasia, 417, note.

Anastasius Bibliothecarius (source), persecution of, 496, 497; cf. persecution, 512-13; kindly received by barbarians, 513; in Persia, 542; not to be held slaves by Jews, 547; hypocritical Christians, 554.

Chronicon Paschale (source), 451.

Chrysopolis, battle of, 419.

Church, the, appeal to, 562; heir to the property of those dying without kindred, 509.

Church of the Apostles (see Constan452.

Ancyrona, 420.

Anna Comnena (source), 454.

Anonymous Acts of Metrophanes and "' Bishop," C. as, 546.

Bithynian bishops at Jerusalem, 551.

Blemmyans, 483, 542.

Brescia, battle of, 416.

Britannic ocean, 507.

Britons, 483, 489, 553Bructert, 413.

Byzantium, 418; becomes Constantinople, 419.

Alexander (source), 452.

Anonymous, gut Dionis Cassii histovias continuavit (source), 451.

Anonymus Valesianus (source), 449.

Antioch, church built in 532, 594; disturbance at by Eustathius, 536.

Antiochians, letter of C. to, 438.

Antonius, letter to C. and of C. to Cacilianus, letter of C. to, 437Calendarium Romanum Constantine tinople).

Church of the Holy Sepulchre.

See Magni (source), 448.

Calocarus, revolt of, 420. him, 439.

Antony, 575.

Holy Sepulchre.

EUSEBIUS: CONSTANTINE.

523; entertains the bishops, 523; farewell address to the bishops, 525, 526; honors his mother, 532; subdues Scythians (Goths) and Sarmatians, 541, 542; affirms validity of decrees of councils, 547; listens standing to Eusebius, 548; appoints his sons Ceesars, 550; founds cities, 550; convenes council at Tyre, 550; dedicates church at Jerusalem, 551; divides empire between sons, 553; mourning at Rome, 558; honor paid them, 558; length of reign, 554; age at death, 554; war against Persians, 554; takes bishops with him, 554; also tent in the form of a church, 555; embassy from the Persians, 555; erects sepulchral monument, 555; sickness at Helenopolis, 555; proceeds to Nicomedia, 556; baptism, 556; thanksgiving for baptism, 556; death, 557; removal of body to Constantinople, 557; burial, 558.

417 and note ; defeats of Licinius at Cibalis and Mardia, and redistribution of territory, 418; Decennalia, 418; at Arles, 418; in Dacia and Pannonia, 418; campaign against Sarmatians, 418; war with Licinius, 418; defeats Licinius, 418, 419; favors

Church festivals, honored by C., 545.

Churches built at Constantinople, 532; restoration of property to, 510; building of, 511 e¢ dass.

Cicero, 575.

Cilicia, demon worship in, 535.

Cilician bishops at Nicaea, 521; at Jerusalem, 551.

Codinus (source), 454.

Coins, 544, 559. the Christians, 419; takes partin Council of Nicea, 419; Vicennaia, 419; at Arles and Milan, 419; puts Crispus and others to death, 419; tricennalia, 420; at Ferusalem, 420; death, 420; burial, 420; myths concerning, 441; C. and his mother Helena, 441; C. the son of a British princess, 441, 442; leprosy and bapism, 442; donation, 442, 443; dream, 443; voyage of Helena, 443, 444; finding of the cross, 444; sword, 445; remorse of, 445; C. and Tiridates, 445; compared with Cyrus and Alexander the Great, 483, 484; compared with Moses, 585; contrasted with Licinius, 496; contrasted with the persecutors, 519; vicennalia, 481 and note; tricennalia, 481; reigned thirty years and lived above sixty, 489; conquered nearly the whole world, 483; obtains authority over more nations than any who had preceded him, 483; eldest son and successor of Constantius, 487; accompanied Diocletian to Palestine, 487; plots of Diocletian and Galerius against, 488; flight of, to his father, 488; present at death of his father, 487,

488; assumes the purple, 488; proclaimed Augustus by army, 488; resolves to deliver Rome, 489; chooses Christianity, 489; vision of the cross, 489; has standard of the cross made, 490, 491; resolves to worship God and receives instruction, 491; makes ministers his advisers, 491; goes against Maxentius, 491; advances into Italy and thrice defeats forces of Maxentius, 492; defeats Maxentius at the Milvian bridge, 492, 493; enters Rome, 493; acts of grace, 494; honors bishops, 494; builds churches, 494; decennalia, 481, 495; victories over barbarians, 495; aroused in behalf of Christians persecuted by Licinius, 500; prepares for war, 501; victory of C.,

502, 503; lets Licinius escape, 503; prayers in tabernacle, 503, 504; victory, 504; puts Licinius to death, 504; surnamed Victor, 505, 591; sends Hosius to Alexandria in the interest of peace,

515; anxiety for peace, 516; adJusts controversies in Africa, 516; presides at Council of Nicza, 521; address to council, 522, 523; brings council to harmony, Cole, Old King, mythical grandfather of C., 441.

Confessors, 508; laws in favor of, 505; property of, 509.

Constans, made consul, 419, 420; appointed Czesar, 550, 584.

Constantia, marriage, 417; asks to have Licinius spared, 419.

Constantin, city of, 549, 550.

CONSTANTINE.,

EVENTS, ACTS, CIRCUMSTANCES.

Larly years, 411 sg.; name, 411 and note; surnamed Great, 411; date of birth, 411 and note, born at Naissus, 411 and note ; son of

CHARACTER AND RELIGIOUS ACTS.

Constantius Chlorus and Helena, 411; brought up at Drepanum, 411; sent to court of Diocletian, 412; takes part in various cambaigns, 412; with Diocletian in Egypt, 412; alliance with Minervind, 412 and note; at Nicomedia, 412; at abdication of Diocletian and Maximinus, 412; physique of, 412; courage of, 412; Character, 420-435; inherited characteristics, 421; physical characteristics: height, countenance, complexion, hair, beard, nose, eyes, expression, figure, 421; shoulders, neck, strength, vigor, bearing, manners, dress, 422; mental characteristics: education, ovations, delivery, literary style, patronage of learning, 422, 423; moral characteristics» energy, determination, rapidity of action, impetuosity, courage and valor, ambition, prudence, patience, perseverance, steadfastness, faithfulness, self-control, chastity, amiability, mildness, mercifulness, and forbearance, kindness, generosity, prodigality, hospitality, justice, righteousness, tact, vanity, magnificence, conceit, humility, arrogance(?), jealousy, suspictousness, faithlessness ; as son, husband, father, friend, as general, legislator, statesman, 423-430; religious characteristics, 430-433; honored by God,

482; the servant of God and conqueror of nations, 483; proclaims name of God in his edicts,

484; emperor by the will of God, 489; liberality to poor, 494; present at synods, 494, 495; divine manifestation to, 495; humane treatment of prisoners, 503; declares God to be the author of his prosperity, 506; chosen by God, 507; exhortation to worship God, 510; prayers of, 513, 544, 555, 556; piety of, 519, 520; orders erection of church at Jerusalem, 526, 528; presents of, at his vicennalia, 526; builds churches at Constantinople, 532; created tribune of first order, 412; nominated Cesar by Diocletian, rejected by Galerius, 412; death sought by Galerius, 412; gains permission to go, 412; maims post horses, 412; joins his father at Boulogne, 412; accompanies him to Britain, 412; named as successor by Constantius at York, 412; proclaimed Augustus, 413, 414; supported by Erocus, 413; claims title from Galerius, 413; ts given title of Cesar, 413; war against France, 413; against Bructert, 413; exposes captives to wild beasts, 413; C. and Maximinus, named " sons of the emperors,"

413; acknowledged emperor by Galerius, 413; marries Fausta, 414; plot of MaximZan, 413; capture of Maximian,

413; another plot, 413; saved by Fausta, 413; puts Maximian to death, 413; internal improvements, 413; favors the Christians,

414; writes to Maximinus in their behalf, 414; named Augustus by Maximian, 414; campaign against Maxentius and capture of Rome, 416, 417; returns to Milan, 417; marriage of Constantia, 417; edict of Milan, 417 and note, returns to Gaul, 417; C. and the Donatists, 417 and note ;+ falls out with Licinius,

GENERAL INDEX.

a a Antioch, 538; edict against the | Controversy between Alexander and at Nicomedia, 532; abolishes idolatry at Constantinople, 532; destroys idol temples, 534, 5353 builds church at Heliopolis, 536; presents by, 541; remission of taxes, 541; forbids idolatrous worship, 545; honors martyrs and church festivals, 545; observance of Easter, 545; requires soldiers to pray on Sunday, 545; Arius, origin of, 516; continuation of, 518.

Covetous man rebuked by C., 548.

Creation by Christ, 563; works of, 564.

Creator, 569; wisdom of, 565, etc., heretics, 539; letter to Sapor, 543, 544; law for observance of Sunday, 544; amends laws concerning the childless and concerning wills, 546; law that no Christian shall be slave to a Jew, cf. words God and Word.

Crescentius = Chrestus, 437.

Crete, 602.

547; discourses and declamations, 547; oration to the saints, Crispus, son of Constantine and Minervina, 412 and note ; made 548; writes to Eusebius concerning Easter, 548, 549; and concerning copies of the Scriptures, form of prayer given, 545; zeal in prayer, 545; calls himself a bishop, 546; prohibits sacrifices, mystic rites, combats of gladiators, and worship of Nile, 546; gifts of, to churches, virgins, and the poor, 547; excessive clemency, 548; rebukes a covetous man, 548; liberality, 551, 552; displeased with excessive praise, 552; instructs his children in politics and religion, 553, 554; benevolence, 554;. vigor of body, Casar, 418; defeats the Franks, 418; death of, 419; tutored by Lactantius, 423; death of, discussion of, 428, 429.

Cross, vision of, 416, 490 and note; 548, 549; letter to Council of Tyre, 550, 551; writings of, 554; employs himself in compositions, 554; oration of, 561. the sign of immortality, 491 and note; sign of. See Sign of Cross and Standard of Cross, 232.

Cross-bearers, one slain, another preConstantine, arch of, 417, note.

Constantine, coins of, 544, 559Constantine, life of, by Eusebius, edttions, 466; translations, 466, 467; translation (text), 481.

Constantine, literature on, 455-465.

Constantine, picture of, 520, 544. served, 502.

Cumzan Sibyl, 575.

Cupid, 590, 601.

Cyriacus, St. (mythical), death of, Constantine, sources for life, 444554; builds Church of the Apostles, 555; gifts, 556; honored by God, 559; surpassed preceding emperors in devotion, 559;

444.

Cyril of Ferusalem (source), 447.

Cyrus the Great, 483.

Constantine, statue of, 493.

Constantine II, made Casar, 418, 550, 584; war against Goths, 419.

Constantine, sons of.

See Sons of Constantine.

Constantinople, founding of, 419; deascribes all things to God, 580; gifted with divine and human wisdom, 581; wise, good,. just, made Cesar, 420.

Dalmatius, letter of C. to, 439:

Daniel, 573, 574Daniel and the lions, figure of, 532.

Daphne, 574.

Death, worship of, 590.

Decennalia of C., 550.

Decius, 579.

Declamations of C., 547.

Delphic tripods, 534.

Demon worship in Cicilia, 535.

~ Design, 564; evidence of, 565.

Diceto, Ralph de (source), 455.

Diocletian, C. hostage with, 412 and Dalmatius, 584 and note; 585; self-control, 586; abolishes idolatry, 591, 592; churches built by, 594scription of, 555.

Constantinople, Church of Apostles at, 420.

Constantinople, founding of, mythical

LAWS, LETTERS, AND WRITINGS.

dream of C. concerning, 443.

Constantinople, Church of Apostles, Laws and internal improvements, 418; writings, 4363 oratorical, 436; letters and edicts, 436-440; laws, 440; style, 440; (spurious ) treaty with Sylvester and Ti redates, 439; laws of, 440, 445; oration to the assembly of the saints, prolegomena, 466, 467, 469; edicts in favor of confessors, 505; laws concerning martyrs and concerning ecclesiastical property, 505; letters of, 506; rescripts, 506; law respecting piety, 506, 507; law granting release from exile, etc., 503; law forbidding sacrifice, 511; letter to Eusebius concerning the building of churches, 511; law ordering building of churches, 511; letter to the people of the prov555; funeral service in, 558.

Constantinus Porphyrogenttus (source), 452.

Constantius, son of C., appointed Cesar, 550, 584; marriage of, note; palace struck by lightning, 412; abdication, 412,414; urges appointment of C. as Cesar, 414; "Fourth Edict" of persecution, 415.

Diocletian, persecution by, 485, 486; 553; buries his father, 558.

Constantius Chlorus, Emperor, 411; 'ather of Constantine, 411; husband of Helena, 411 and note; made Caesar, 411, 412; divorces Helena, 412; becomes Augustus, 412, 414; asks to have Constantine sent to him, 412; expedttion to Britain, 412; death at York, 412, 414; names C. successor, 412; internal improvements continued by his son, 414, note; character, 421, 485 and note; mildness of rule, 485; numberless virtues, 485; refuses to persecute, 485; reproached with poverty by Diocletian, 486; his answer, 487; secured subjects free worship, 485; stratagem passes through Palestine, 487; abdication of, 487, 579; insanity and cruelty of, 512; terrified by lightning, 579.

Diodorus Siculus, 602 and note.

Diomede, 602.

Dionysius, 551.

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, 602.

Discourses of C., 547. inces concerning the error of polytheism, 512; letter to Alexander and Arius, 515; letter to churches concerning Council of Niczea, 524, 525; letters to bishops met at the Council of Nicza,

526; letters to the Egyptians exhorting peace, 526; letter to Eusebius (Macarius) concerning Mambre, 533; letters to the Antiochians concerning Eustathius, 536; letter to Antiochians Discourses by bishops at Jerusalem,

Divination, practice by Licinius, 501.

Donatists, 417 and note, 418.

Donatist bishops, letter of C. to, 437Donation of C., 442, 443Dracilianus, 528.

Dragon in picture of C., 520.

Dream of C. concerning the founding of, 486; becomes chief Augustus, 487; sole Augustus, 487; blessed with numerous offspring, 487; devotion to Supreme God, 487; reward of devotion, 487; his Christian manner of life, 487; death of, 488; bequeaths empire to his son, 488; burial, 488; his happy end, 488; honors the one God, 489; humanity and piety of, 512. of Constantinople ( mythical), 443.

Drepanum, refounded as Helenopolis, concerning Eusebius, 536, 537; letter to the council concerning the removal of Eusebius from Cexesarea, 538; letter to Eusebius on his refusing the bishopric of 419.

Ducas (source), 455.

Dumateni, 602.

| Dusaris, 601.

EUSEBIUS: CONSTANTINE.

nn —————_— TTT OO Helicon, 534.

Heliopolis, 602; inhabitants of, letter East, the religion came from, 516.

Easter, 555; celebration of, 520, 521; Francs, 413.

Future life, 568; cf. eternal life.

Future retribution, 578, 579. of C. to, 439; Temple of Venus destroyed, 535; church built, 536.

Henry of Huntingdon (source), 455.

Heraclea, battle near, 417.

Hercules, 590, 601.

Heretics, edict against, 539; deprived of their meeting places, 539; may return to Catholic Church, declaration of Council of Nicza, 523; observance of, 524; observance by C., 545; remarks on,

Galatian bishops at Niczea, 521.

Galerius, C. hostage with, 412 and

Eastern Nations, 483.

Edict of Licinius, 497.

Edict of toleration by Galerius, 498.

Edict of toleration by Maximinus, 498, note ; refuses to appoint C. Casar, 412; jealousy of C., 412; rage at the escape of C., 412; refuses C. the title of Augustus, 413;

40. witha Milesius (source), 450.

Hieronymus (source), 447.

Holy Sepulchre, 527, 548; discovery becomes Augustus, 414; death, 414, 416; character, 414; Galerius real author of " Fourth Edict" of Persecution, 415; tssues edict of toleration, 416; persecution by, 485; expedition against Rome, 489 and note; edict of toleration, 498.

Galerius (Maximian G.), death of, 499. Egypt, Arian disturbance in, 515, 520; controversies in, 550; travels of Pythagoras in, 566; laws of, 573Egyptian bishops at Niczea, 521; at of, 527, 528; church of, 526, 528, 594; description of, 528, 30. beets paid C. after death, 557.

Jerusalem, 551.

Ephremius (source), 454.

Epirus, bishops from, at Nicza, 521.

Erechtheus, 602.

Erocus, king of the Allemanni, 413.

Erythrzean Sibyl, the, 574, 575.

Eternal life, 567, 570, 579, 580.

Ethiopians, 483.

Eusebius, letter of C. to, 437, 439; Horns, 601.

Hosius, friend of C., 423.

Houses, restoration of, 509, 510.

498.

Ganymede, 590.

Gaza becomes Constantia, 550.

Gelasius of Cyzicus (source), 450.

Generation, 562, 563.

Generation of the Son, 569.

Generation of the Word, 562, etc.

Gentiles in office, forbidden to sacriIberia, 577.

Idatius (source), 450.

Idol worship abandoned, 535.

Idolatrous worship forbidden, 545; error of, 563.

Images, overthrow of, 534.

Indian Ocean, 553.

Indians, 483, 542, 553Ingentius, 437.

Inscription on statue of C., 493.

'Inspiration of the Sibyl, 575.

(source), 446; Life of C., edttions, 466; translations, 466, 467; date, 467; trustworthiness, 467; value, 469; oration in praise of C., Prolegomena, 466, fice, 511; abandon idol worship, 535:

Geoffrey of Monmouth (source), 455.

George of Arethusa, 538 and note.

Getz, 601.

Giants, 482 and note.

Gladiatorial combats forbidden, 546.

467, 469; translation, 481; purpose of the work, 484; address at Niczea, 522; called to Antioch, 536; letter to, concerning

Mambre, 533; letter of C. to Antiochians concerning, 537; letter of C. to, on his refusing the bishopric of Antioch, 538; letters of, respecting 'bishopric of Antioch, 538; declamation in honor of our Saviour's Sepulchre, 548; letter of C. to, concerning copies of the Scriptures,

548, 549; discourse concerning Easter, 548, 549; letter of C. to, concerning Easter, 549; pronounces discourse at Jerusalem, 552; at Constantinople, 552; tricennial oration, before Constantine, 552; oration in praise of C., 581.

Eusebius of Nicomedia, letter of C, Invention of the Cross.

See Finding Glycas, Mich (source), 454.

God, known through his government of the Cross.

Isis, 601.

Italians, 566. of the universe, 514; the teacher of good, 514; the Father, 562, 566, 568; the Saviour, 562; the Creator of all things, 562; the Father of the Word, 562; benevolent care of, 563; intellectual essence of, 565; Providence of, 565; the source of all things, 580; one, 584; knowledge of, 571, 606; cf. Christ, the Word, etc.

Good, propensity to, 571.

Good Shepherd, figure of, 532.

Goths, 542, note; war with, 419.

Facobus of Sarug (source), 450.

Ferome.

See Hieronymus.

Ferusalem, improvements in, 419; dedication of church at, 420, 550, 551.

Jerusalem, Synod of, 552.

Jews, 806; may not have Christian slaves, 547.

Foannes the Meletian, letter of C. to, 439.

Fohannes Antiochenus (source), 452.

Jordan, the, 556, 569.

Fordanes (or Fornandes) (source), Gregoras, Nicephoras (source), 454.

Gregory of Tours (source), 451.

451.

Jove, 577.

Judgment, the, 578, 579.

Fulian the Apostate (source), 448.

Juno, 602.

Jupiter, 590, 602.

Jupiter Latiaris, 602.

Justice, 564. against, 438.

Ethiopians, 542.

Eumalius Vicarius, letter of C. to, 437:

Eubde (source), 446.

Eunapius (source), 448.

Euphronius, 538.

Eustathius, 536.

Eutropius (source), 447.

Evagrius (source), 451.

Everlasting life.

See Zvernal life.

Evil, propensity to, 571.

Hannibalianus, 420, 584 and note.

Hlelena, wife of Constantius,

and note; mother of C., 411; lived at Drepanum, 411 and note; divorced by Constantius, 412; visit to Ferusalem, 419; character of, 421; spurious letter of C. to, 439; spurious letter to Knowledge, desire of, 566.

C., 439; (mythical) Constantine and, 441; (mythical) a British princess, 441, 442; (mythical ) voyage of, 443; ae the cross, 444; makes will, 531; death, 531; builds churches at Bethlehem and Mount of Olives, 530; pious conduct of, 531; generosity of, 531; has titles of Augusta and empress, 532; coins struck in her name, 532.

" Fourth Edict" of Persecution, 415. | Helenopolis, 555; founding of, 419.

Labarum, 490 and note, 491 and notes.

Lactantius (source), 446.

Lactantius, tutor to Crispus, 423.

Lamentation at death of C., 557.

Lands, restoration of, 509, 510.

Laodicea, 602.

Law respecting piety, 506, 507; granting release for exile, etc., 508; forbidding sacrifice, 511; ordering building of churches, Famine at Rome, 492.

Fate, 564.

Fausta marries C., 413; reveals plot of Maximian, 413; death of, 419.

Faustus of Byzantium (source), 449.

Finding of the Cross, 444.

GENERAL INDEX.

De Sa churches concerning, 524; farewell address of C. to, 525, 526.

Nicephorus Callistus (source), 454.

Nicetas Choniatas (source), 454.

Nicomedia, 579, etc.; churches built for war against C., 416; death, 511; of wills, 546; respecting childless persons, 546.

Laws, human, 564.

Lebanon, Mount, 534, 592.

Leo Diaconus (source), 453.

Leprosy (mythical) of C., 442.

Letter of C. to the churches, 524.

Leus, 602.

Libanius (source), 448.

Libya, Arian disturbance in, 515; controversies in, 550.

Libyan bishops at Niczea, 521; at Jerusalem, 551.

Libyans, 602.

Licinius appointed Augustus, 414; character, 414; marriage to Constantia, 417; edict of Milan,

417; defeats Maximinus, 417; falls out with C., 417; defeated at Cibalis and Mardia, 418; persecution of 416; tyranny and lust of, 491; causes slaughter of Roman people, 492; armies of, defeated thrice, 492; employs magic arts, 492; death of, 492, 493; death compared with that of Pharaoh, 493Maximian, abdication of, 412, 414; in, 532.

; Nicomedians, letter of C. to, 438.

Nile, worship of, forbidden, 546.

Novatians, 539.

Number, 566, 587-589.

Numidian bishops, letter of C. to, 438. resumes purple, 414; quarrels with Maxentius, 413; alliance with C., 413; plots against C., 413; defeated at Marseilles, 413; another plot, 413; death, 413, 414, 416; character, 415; persecution by, 485; abdication of, 487; insanity and cruelty of, 512; death of, 495.

Maximinus, with C. made" sons of Obodas, 601.

Omadian Bacchus, 602.

Optatian (= Porphyrius), (source), 6.

446.

Oracle of Apollo, 512.

Oracle, Pythian, 513.

Oration of C. to the Saints, 548; the emperors,"

413, 414; acknowledged emperor, 413, 414; letter of C. to, 414; appointment translation of, 561.

Orosius, Paulus (source), 450.

Orphans, Care of C. for, 494.

Orpheus, 577, 603.

Osiris, 601.

Christians, 418; war with C. and defeat by, 418, 419; surrender, 419; life spared, 419; death, 419; conspiracy of, against C., 496; contrasted with C., 496; oppresses the East, 496; intrigues against the bishops, 496; persecutes Christians, 496, 497, 498, 500; lawless conduct and covetousness of, 497; address to soldiers, 501; sacrifices to idols, 501, 504; flight of, 503; advises soldiers not to attack the Cross, 504; treachery of, 504; death of, 504.

Licinius, son of Licinius, made Cesar, as Ceasar, 414; assumes title of Augustus, 414; character, 415; persecution by, 415; war against Licinius, defeat, flight, and death, 417, 578; persecution of, 498; flight and death of, 498; edict in favor of Christians, 498, 499.

Maximinus (for Maximianus), death Painting, encaustic, 482 and note.

Palestinian bishops at Nicza, 521; at Jerusalem, 551.

Pamphylian bishops at Niczea, 521.

Pan, 577:

Panegyrists (source), 446.

Pannonians at Jerusalem, 551.

Passion, day of, 561.

Paulians, 539.

Pentecost, feast of, 557.

Persecution by colleagues of Conof, 495.

Melcatharus, 601.

Melchiades, letter of C. to, 437.

Memphis, 573.

Mercury, 601.

Mesopotamian bishops at Niczea, 521; at Jerusalem, 551.

Metageitnion, 601.

Milan, edict of, 417.

Miltiades = Melchiades.

418; death of, 419.

Linus, 577.

Logos used as personality, 481, note ; stantius, 485; edict of, 512; origin of, 512.

Persecutions, 415, 416, 507.

Persecutors, the, 507; end of, 507, cf. 482, note.

Lord's Day.

See Sunday.

Lucina, 576.

Lydus, Foannes, (source), 451.

Minerva, 601, 602.

Minerva Agraulis, 602.

513, 543) 593, 5945 contrasted with C., 519.

Persia, Christians in, 542-544.

Persian bishop at Nicza, 521; Minervina, alliance of C., 412 and (Laurentius ) note.

Miracles, 572.

Mnemosyne, 601.

Meesians at Jerusalem, 551.

Mopsus, 601.

Moses, C. compared with, 485; wisat Jerusalem, 551.

Persian War, 554, 555Petrus Patricius (source), 451.

Pharaoh, 573.

Pharaoh and Maxentius, 493.

Philosophers, the, 566; doctrines of, Macarius, Letters of C. to, 438, 439; letter of C. to, 528; letter to, concerning Mambre, 533.

Macedonian bishops at Nicza, 521; dom of, 573.

Mount of Olives, erection of church at Jerusalem, 551.

Magic, practised by the persecuting 67.

Philosophy, 546 and note, 547.

Philostorgius (source), 450. emperors, 489; by Maxentius, 492; by Licinius, 501, 503.

Malalas (source), 452.

Mambre, oak of, 533; church built on, 530, 531, 594Muses, 534.

Musonius, 536.

Mystic rites, prohibition of, 546.

Phoebus, 577.

Pheenician bishops at Niczea, 521; at, 533Marcionites, 539.

Mararianus, the notary, 551.

Maro.

See Virgil.

Mars, 602.

Martyrs, in the palaces, 486; laws in at Jerusalem, 551.

Pheenix, the, 558.

Photius (source), 452.

Phrygian bishops at Nicza, 521.

Picture of C. with Cross and Dragon, Naissus, 411 and note.

Narcissus, letter of C. to, 538.

Nazarius (source), 446; delivers oration, 418.

Nature, 565, 571; parent of all, 561.

Nebuchadnezzar, 573.

Nero, 484.

Niczea, Council of, 419, 481, note; calling of, 521; bishops present, 521; number of bishops, 522; deacons, etc., present, 522; character of the bishops, 521; held in the palace, 522; Constantine present at, 522; address of Eusebius, 522; address of Constantine, 522, 523; declaration of, 523; letter of C. to the 520.

Plato, 573; doctrines of, 566.

Plots of Diocletian and Galerius against C., 488 and note.

Pluto, 590.

Poets, sayings of, 567.

Pontus, bishops from, at Niczea, 521.

Porfirius = Opiatian.

Porphyrius = Optatian.

Porphyrius, letter of C. to, 438.

Portraits of C., 544.

Preetorian Preefect, 511 and note, 528. favor of, 505; property of, 509; tombs of, 510; churches in honor of, at Constantinople, 532; honored by C., 545; life and death of, 571.

Material objects, existence of, 562.

Material world, 571.

Maxentius, proclaimed emperor by Pratorian guards, 413, 414; persuades Maximian to resume purple, 413; quarrels with M., 413; character, 415; prepares

EUSEBIUS: CONSTANTINE.

ee ce NOS first edict, 416; second edict, 437.

Sminthian Apollo, 534.

Socrates (source), 450.

Socrates, 560.

Son, the revealer of light, 514.

Sons of C., 505, 582; heirs of Helena, Praxagoras Atheniensis (source), 448.

Prayer, form of, given by C. to solSee under £aict.

Tombs of martyrs, 510.

Torture practised against Christians, diers, 545.

Priapus, 601.

Probianus, letter of C. to, 437.

Procopius Casartensts (source), 451.

Prohibited books, 539.

Prophecies of Christ's coming, 573.

Prophecy of Sibyl, 575.

Proserpine, 590, 601.

Prosper Aquitanus (source), 450.

Providence, 565; supplies. all needs, 566; = Christ, 569, 570, etc., etc.

Pseudo-Isidore (source), 452.

Pseudo-Leo (source), 453.

Pyriphlegethno, 567.

Pythagoras, 566, 573.

Pythian Apollo, 534.

Pythian Oracle, 513.

Pythius, 592.

513.

Tricennalia, 550, 552, 582.

Tripods, 534, 574.

'Troy, 577, 606.

530, 531; appointed Ceesars, 550; empire divided between, 553; instruction of, 553, 554; Christians,

553; proclaimed Augustus by the army, 557:

Soul, the breath. of God, 567.

Sozomen (source), 449.

Spanish bishops at Niczea, 521.

Sparta, 602.

Standard of the Cross, 490, 502; vicTurin, battle of, 416.

Tyrants, destruction of, 482, 488.

See Persecutors, end of.

Tyre, Synod of, 420, 550; "etter of C. concerning, 439; éetier of C. to, 439; letter of C. to, 550, 551; adjourns to Jerusalem, 551. tory follows, 502; fifty men seSee. Sign lected to carry, 502. of the Cross.

Stephen of Byzantium (source), 449.

Strategius, Count, 538.

See MMZusoniUS.

Sunday, law for observance of, 544, Ursacius, 551, note.

Usorus, 601.

Valens, 551, note.

Valerian, 543 and note, 579.

Valentinians, 539.

Venus, 601; worship of, 534, 590, 592; Temple of, 535.

Verona, capture of, 416.

Vice, 564.

545; pagan soldiers required to pray on, 545.

Sword of C. (mythical), 445.

Resurrection, 605.

Rhine, 489.

" Righteous men, The," 512.

Sylvester, Pope (spurtous), treaty with Rome, famine at, 492.

Vicennalia of C., 419, 550, 552.

Victor, Sextus Aurelius (source), 448.

Virgil, 575, 576.

Virgin, the, 575,:576.

Virginity, 546 and note.

Virgins, C. gives dowries to, 494.

Virtue, 564.

Virtue, life of, 571.

C. and Tiridates, 439; letter of C. to (the Donation), 440; baptism of C. 442; mythical appearance to C. in a dream, 443.

Symplegades, 520 and note.

Syrian bishops at Niceea, 521; at JeSabbath, 544.

Sacrifices, prohibition of, 546.

Sapor, 579; Jetter of C. to, 439, 542, and note; desires to make alliance with C., 542; letter of C. rusalem, 551. to, 543, 544.

Sarmatians, defeated by C., 418; war Vision of the Cross, 416, 490 and note, Voragine (source), 455. in behalf of. 419; received into Roman Empire, 420; revolt of slaves, 542; seek protection of C.,.541; attacked by Scythians, 542; received into Roman Empire, 542; conquest of, 542.

Saturn, 601, 602.

Saviour, the, appears to Abraham, Tabernacle of the Cross, 503.

Taxes, equalization of, 541; remission Western ocean, 483, 489, 553: of, 541.

Temple, destruction of idol, 534, 535, Widows, care of C, for, 494.

Will of God, 564.

Will of man,.571.

'William of Malmesbury (source), 455Wile ew of, 546, 547.

Women's apartments, 508, Word, the, 482, 561; Son of God, etc.

'Tenedos, 602.

'Tent in the form of a church, 554,555.

Thebaid, Arian disturbance in, 515; 33:

'Soridiorts Historia Augusta (source), bishops from at Jerusalem, 551.

Theban bishops at Niczea, 521.

448.

Scriptures, copies of, 549 and notes.

Scythia, subdued by C., 483.

Scythians, 602; conquest of, 541; Self-control, 564.

Sepulchre, Holy.

See Holy Sepulchre.

Severus, becomes Caesar, 414; AugusTheoaoret (source), 450.

Theodorus, letter of C. to, 538.

Theodorus of Perinthus, 551, note.

562; is Son of God and with God, 566; is God himself, the High Priest, the Light, pervades and rules all things, 583; onlybegotten Saviour of the universe, pre-existent, 583; the source of all things, 585; author of thought and knowledge of God, produces the likeness of God, 585; doctrine of, 595.

(Creator, Preserver, only begotten, etc., etc.) Theodotus, letter of C. to, 438; letter of C. to, 538.

Theognis, letter of C. against, 438.

Theogonius, 551, mote.

Theophanes (source), 452.

Thracian bishops at Niczea, §21; at tus, 414; death, 414, 416; character of, 414; expedition against Rome, 489 and note.

Sibyl, the, 574; prophecy concerning Jerusalem, 551.

Thracians, 602.

'Tiber, 492.

Christ, 575.

Sign of the Cross, Tiberius, 575.

Tiphys, 577.

Tiridates, 445; (spurious) treaty with See Standard of Zalmolxis, 601. the Cross.

Sign of cross, §13, $20, 541, 593; 5943 Zenobius of Klag (source), 449.

Zonaras, tional (source), 453.

Zosimus (source), 449.

C. and Sylvester, 439.

Toleration, edicts of, 417 and note; engraved on soldiers' shields, §45.

Sigusium, capture of, 416.

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