Index of Select Subjects
Note: Because most subjects receive comment at relevant passages, primarily large treatments in excursuses or the introduction are indexed here.
abridgment and expansion, 143–47
acculturation, 3130
Adam theology, Jewish, 2645–47
agent, agency, 1619–21
Alexandria, 1834
allegory, 59, 157n80, 259n14, 487–90, 616, 631–32, 1344, 1369, 1415, 2051, 2151, 2160–61, 2594, 2609n3093, 2632n3299, 2633, 2655, 2656n3561, 2689n3918, 2799, 2812
alms, 1059–60
Amazons, 1557–60
amulets, charms, 2436, 2454, 2844, 2854, 2856–57, 2883
anger, 2308–9
anonymity, 411–12, 2367
anthropology, 11–12, 364–65, 367, 591n92, 1803nn741–742, 2441–47, 2851, and passim
anti-Judaism (and pro-Judaism), 460–77, 2472–77
Antioch on the Orontes (Syrian Antioch), 1834–40, 1983–84, 1995
Antioch, Pisidian, 2032–44
Aphrodite, 2573, 2575, 2655, 2689, 2693, 2696, 2718, 2788–89, 2877, 2893, 2931
Apollo, 326, 328, 329n74, 657, 805, 809nn260–261, 853, 883, 897n361, 900n410, 901, 909, 919n630, 1071, 1097, 1141n947, 1278n293, 1383, 1397, 1511, 1514, 1647, 1836, 1842, 1889, 1976, 2007, 2147n1571, 2148n1575, 2148n1577, 2150n1594, 2152, 2161n1733, 2166, 2335, 2395, 2422–29, 2429n1328, 2435, 2457–59, 2461, 2493, 2495n2018, 2575–78, 2590n2895, 2629, 2632n3299, 2650n3494, 2662, 2695, 2718, 2754, 2759n4633, 2872n5649, 2878, 2879n5740, 2892, 2893n5866, 2897n5908, 2930n6203, 2934, 2935, 2936n6253, 2963n126, 2979n282, 2984, 2986n372, 2987, 3077, 3078, 3097, 3149
Apollonius of Tyana, 53, 64, 83, 329–34, 381, 432, 454n138, 546, 584, 588n67, 589n75, 593, 663, 669n204, 705n491, 706n518, 720, 756n210, 776n425, 809, 868, 928n738, 1016, 1063, 1081, 1154, 1209, 1388, 1500, 1508, 1640, 1648n462, 1650n488, 1723, 1784, 1850n181, 2135, 2160, 2352n521, 2429n1325, 2437–38, 2464, 2475, 2491n1978, 2598, 2605n3052, 2615n3147, 2677, 2751n4540, 2758n4625, 2830n5282, 2835n5333, 2842–43, 2887n5821, 3012, 3055, 3058, 3107n1606, 3171n456, 3196, 3199n698, 3329n1734
apologetic
in Acts generally, 427–28, 438, 441–58, 498–99
for Paul, 223–24, 434, 436, 445–49
speeches, 266–67, 302, 304, 306, 3197–98. See also defense speeches in Acts 22–26
apologetic historiography, 161–63
apostasy, 2180–81
apostleship, Lukan meaning of, 642n4, 645, 749, 752–53, 768–69, 1977n19, 2124–25, 2222–23n182, 2223. See also Twelve, the, background for significance of
Aramaic language, use of in Judea and Galilee, 1255–57
Areopagus, 2600–2602
astrology in antiquity, 837–39, 931–32
atheism, 2587–89, 2591n2903, 2592–93, 2597, 2610, 2643n3420
Athena, 2573–77, 2605, 2892, 2931, 2934
Athens, 2565–67, 2572–80. See also Areopagus
Attalia, 2027–29, 2032, 2034, 2189–90
audience, 423–34
author of Acts, 402–22. See also “we” narratives
banishment, exile, 2699–2700
baptism, ritual washings, ancient settings for, 977–82
baths in Greco-Roman antiquity, 2751–54
begging in antiquity, 1061–62
benefactors and patrons, 2408–13
biography, ancient, 54–61
Bithynia, 2330–31
blended genres, 61, 114n178, 139n213
burden of proof, 201n302, 203
burial customs, 1471–77
Caesarea Maritima, 1692–93, 1732–36, 1786, 1795, 1815–16, 1833–34, 1875–76, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1966–67
castration, 1567–71
celibacy in antiquity, 3098–3101
centurions, 1742–44
Christology, 500–504, 964–70, 1078–80, 1113–15, and passim
chronology, 57–58, 193–94, 1863
Cilicia, 1308, 1647–51, 1694, 3182. See further Tarsus
Cilician Gates, 1648, 2311–12, 2796. See further Taurus Mountains
circumcision, 2215–22
citizenship, Paul’s Roman, 2479–82, 2517–29, 3255–58
conflict, intra-Jewish, 463–64, 1612–13
continuity with heritage, 438–39, 454–56, 458, 459–91
conversion, social-scientific approaches, 1604–5
Corinth, 2684–97
crucifixion, 939–41
Cybele, 2121–22, 2152–53, 2166–67, 2473, 2874–78, 2893
Cynic preaching, 2136–37
Cynics, views concerning, 2133–34
Cynics and Paul
differences between Paul and Cynics, 2139–42
proposed Cynic elements in Paul’s letters, 2137–39
the view that Paul is depicted like Cynics, 2131–42
Cyprus, 1181, 1840–41, 1998–99. See further Paphos; Salamis
Cyrene, 849, 1841–42, 1985, 1987–88
daimones, Greek, 2430–32
Damascus, 1411–12, 1627–30
date of Acts, 383–401
deconstruction, 2295–96
decrees of Jerusalem Council, 2202–6
defense speeches in Acts 22–26, 4, 215, 222, 259, 287, 290, 316, 3195–3200
Delphi, 701, 776, 810, 1976, 2007, 2424–29
demons, spirit possession, 2429–56
and Jewish demonology, 2432–34
and prophylaxis against demons, 2435–37
See also daimones; exorcism: in antiquity
Derbe, 2107, 2178–79
differences among accounts. See variation, literary
disabilities in antiquity, 1050–53
divination, 885, 887–88, 897–99, 902, 2332–34
divinization of humans, 1114, 1782–86, 1961–64. See also imperial cult
doublets, 1039–40, 1125–26
dreams and visions in antiquity, 911–16, 2347–49
earthquakes, 2494–97
Egypt, 848 and passim. See also Alexandria
elders, 2182–89 (esp. 2184–88), 2222–23
Elijah and/or Elisha typology, 333, 338, 341–43, 483, 507, 542, 547, 563, 568, 713–28, 732, 801, 805, 910, 1106, 1114, 1216, 1539, 1580–81, 1594, 1704, 1710–12, 1717, 1854, 2978, 3016, 3083
emperor cult. See imperial cult
epics, 83–87
Epicureans, 2584–93
and afterlife, 2590–91
Jewish and Gentile critiques of, 2591–93
and pleasure, 2585–86
and religion, 2586–90
eschatology, 518–19, 682–88, 1105–12
Ethiopia. See Meroë
ēthos, 285, 970, 1314n197, 2231, 2471, 2671, 2946, 3005, 3054, 3055n1044, 3067–68, 3084, 3200, 3266, 3281, 3289
Euhemerism, 2146n1555, 2164n1775, 2633–34
eunuchs, 1567–71
and status, 1569–71
exegetical approaches, Luke’s. See intertextuality, biblical
exorcism
in anthropological and other sources, 2453–56
in antiquity, 2437–41
and names, 2845–48
expansion and abridgment, 143–47
fate in antiquity, 927–38
father, deities as, 2661–64
fertility goddess, 2172, 2874–75. See also mother goddess
festivals, Christians observing, 2959–60
first-person usage
in Acts and ancient historians, 2363–74
in ancient historians generally, 2363–65, 2367–72
fleeing, 2127–28
food customs, 1768–71
forums for public speech in antiquity, 2135–36
freedpersons, 1304–6
free will in ancient thought, 934–35
friendship, 1014–19, 2300, 2309, 2410–12, 2913–17
Galatia, 2112, 2114, 2129, 2169, 2189
south vs. north, 2115–19, 2325–28
Galli, 1569–70
gender issues, 597–638
genius (Roman conception), 1948, 2163n1757, 2431
genre
of Acts, 51–319
ancient interest in, 5, 51–52
geographic assumptions in antiquity, 582–85, 704–11, 841, 845
gist, 127n91, 145n263, 179n104, 201n299, 277–84, 289, 291n276, 293, 298, 302, 310–11, 318–19, 648n13
God-fearers, 1565–67, 1750–55, 1791, 1797, 1820n875, 1839, 2056–57, 2093, 2095, 2105
Greek language, use of in Judea and Galilee, 1255–57
groves, sacred, 1836, 2695, 2892–93n5866, 2934n6237, 2984, 2987
hagiography, 53n17, 78n231, 79, 160n106
Hephaistos, 2575–76, 2579, 2640, 2655, 2723, 2880n5747, 2891n5858
Hera, 2160–61
Heracles, 718, 720, 1097, 1244, 2386, 2575, 2577, 2633, 2662
Hermes, 2029, 2146, 2150–52, 2161
historical context, 18–26
ancient approaches to, 20–21
historiography
Acts as ancient, 90–319, 649n21
ancient, 74–76
ancient vs. modern, 100–102, 166–67
in biblical scholarship, 29
character of ancient, 116–47
concern for accuracy in ancient, 117–22
critical thinking in ancient, 122–30
earlier vs. later sources, 127–31
types of ancient, 108–11
history and rhetoric
in antiquity, 131–39, 143–47
specifically in Luke-Acts, 139–43
holy sites, 1348–50. See also land, the
Homer as Greek poet par excellence, 2653–56
honor and shame, 12 and passim
hospitality
accepting, 2419–20
in antiquity, 2414–20
Greek, 2416–17
Jewish, 2418–19
obligations, 2417–18
Iconium, 2106–12, 2121–22, 2126, 2128
imperial cult, 1754, 1784–86, 1963–65
incest prohibitions in antiquity, 2271–72
inns, 2414–16
insulae, 2717
intermarriage, ethnic, 1395–96, 2312–18
intertextuality, biblical, 21, 483–91, 713–15, and passim
irony, 70, 255, 259n11, 470, 474, 569, 761, 866, 1063n242, 1090, 1096n560, 1145, 1159, 1217n97, 1237n271, 1384, 1430, 1442n1421, 1461, 1485n204, 1619, 1641–42, 1655n532, 1658, 1673, 1817, 1850, 1864, 1876, 1889, 1943n966, 1946, 1948n1011, 1948n1013, 1972n1212, 2067, 2098, 2149, 2175, 2465, 2471n1796, 2472, 2487, 2551, 2552, 2555, 2596, 2773n4786, 2775, 2777, 2835, 2850, 2851, 2891, 2894n5876, 2919, 2922n6137, 2932, 2933, 2937n6263, 2941, 3089, 3127, 3145, 3152, 3155, 3160, 3247, 3273n1294, 3277, 3280, 3288, 3304, 3308, 3316n1622, and passim
Isis, 2781–82
Jerusalem Council, chronology of, 2195–2202, 2205–7
Jewish soteriologies, ancient, 2079–82
Joppa, 1714
Josephus, historiography of, 188–93, 301–4
joy, 2112–13
justification, Pauline, 2086–90
kashrut. See food customs
kingdom of God, 671–74
kinship terminology, fictive, 1354–55, 1663–64, 2320
land, the, 1346–48
law, the. See Paul: and the law; Torah
laws and customs, 1318–20
letters, means of delivery, 2282–83
letters of recommendation or authorization, 1622–24
Libya, 710, 849, 1562, 1576
Lycaonia, 2110–12, 2115, 2117–18, 2128–29, 2144–46, 2152, 2189
Lycia, 2027–28, 2033, 2035, 2152, 2189
Lystra, 2128–29, 2144–45, 2150, 2154, 2155, 2169, 2174–75, 2178
magic, magicians in antiquity, 1500–1508
memory, 179–80, 290–99
Meroë
analogies with other distant lands, 1555–60
knowledge of and myths about, 1552–55
language of, 1584
location of, 1551–52
Messiah, messianic views
in antiquity, 964–68
and Jesus, 968–70
mimesis, 87n307
miracle reports, 320–82. See also signs, theology of
mission (esp. Gentile mission)
as a Lukan agenda, 438–41, 505–11, 689–711, 2736
setting for, 511–17, 1978–79
monotheism, polytheism, 2158–64, 2588
moral agendas in ancient historiography, 152–56
Moses typology (selective list), 1076–77, 1088, 1098, 1100, 1108–9, 1113–17, 1121, 1210, 1252, 1262, 1270, 1273–77, 1287–89, 1297, 1326–27, 1363, 1373–74, 1388–89, 1392–94, 1400–1403, 1437
mother goddess, 2114, 2121, 2152–53, 2166–67, 2873–76, 2893. See also Cybele
mourning customs, 1477–81. See also burial customs
Mysia, 2330
myth, 97, 108n125, 129
nakedness, nudity, in antiquity, 1455–57
names and exorcism, 2845–48
nationalism, 1731, 1864, 1869–70, 1875–76, 3115, 3117, 3127, 3131–33, 3147, 3173, 3218, 3224, 3243, 3269, 3285. See also rhetoric, political, conservative and liberal
naturalism, methodological, 354–55
natural law, 2265–68
Neapolis, 2379–80
New Perspective on Paul, 2081, 2083
novels, ancient, 62–83, 1608n105
numbers, 993–99
Pamphylia, 848, 2027–30, 2189–90. See further Perga
pantheism, 2583n2817, 2588, 2594–95, 2638, 2651n3509, 2659, 2665
Paphos, 2000–2001, 2006–8
Pastorals and Acts, 3023–26
pathos, 70, 73, 114, 126, 133n148, 135, 137n193, 138n198, 189n196, 192n228, 285n225, 474, 545, 566n98, 568, 989, 1033, 1221, 1425, 1635, 1718, 1720, 1724, 1871, 2068, 2468, 2472, 2503, 2671, 2891, 2940n6288, 3002–3, 3006, 3008–10, 3022–23, 3048, 3050–52, 3069–70, 3084–85, 3087, 3107, 3109, 3237
patristic interpretation. See reception history; the ancient sources index
patrons and benefactors, 2408–13
Paul
and Acts, 221–57, 2203–5, 2373
and the law, 2078, 2084–86
and rhetoric, 254–55, 2101n1149
Pauline soteriology, 2078–90
people movements, 1519, 1709n49, 2853
Perga, 2028–30
perseverance, 2180–81
pesher, 489–90, 873–74, 878, 1411–12
Pharisaism, 1225–27, 2227–28
Philippi, 2380–83
philosophers, Jews as a nation of, 1154n1098, 2607
philosophic sect, Christians viewed as, 2610–11, 2830–33
Phoenicia, 1833–34. See also Sidon; Tyre
Phrygia, 2032–33, 2040–41, 2072n905, 2114–22, 2128, 2168
Phrygian religion, 2144–53, 2166–67, 2172
physicians in antiquity, 415–22
Piraeus, 2572–74
pneumatology, Lukan, 519–28, 678–82
background for, 529–37
political agendas in ancient historiography, 150–52
polytheism, and monotheism, 2158–64
popular religion, 12
Poseidon, 2167, 2496, 2573–76, 2686, 2689, 2696, 2718, 2760, 2788–89, 2885, 2893
possession behavior in anthropological literature, 2443–47. See also spirit possession
possession by spirits, in antiquity, 2435. See also spirit possession
possessions, ancient views of, 1023–26
postcolonial readings, 40, 510–11, 2105n1190, 2337–41
poverty in antiquity
general, 1053–56
in Judea, 1057–59
urban, 1055–57
See also alms; begging in antiquity
“power encounters,” 368, 1519–20, 1529n678, 1530, 1975, 2011–12, 2017, 2440n1477, 2459, 2843n5409, 2844, 2853
prayer
rituals, methods, ancient, 1069–71
times, 1044–47
predestination, providence, 927–38
preface, Luke’s, 173–76, 183–88, 641, 646–58
probability in historiography, degrees of, 28–29, 167
prophecy, prophetism, 886–911, 1851–53, 1982–83, 3082–84, 3104–7
prophetesses, 603, 637, 638, 883–84, 3091–94
proselyte baptism, 979–82
proselytes, 1284–87
prosopopoeia, 284–86
publication in antiquity, 46–50
public preaching in Acts and antiquity, 2132–33, 2135–36
purity, purification, 976–79, 1721, 1726, 1773, 1787–91
spiritual, 2234–35
See also baptism, ritual washings, ancient settings for
purple, 2399–2403
as status symbol, 2397, 2401–3
Tyrian, 2400–2401
purpose(s) of Acts, 435–58
Pythia, pythoness spirits, 805, 810, 883, 901, 2422–29, 3097
race and ethnicity, 1560–64
reception history, 14–16
reciprocity in antiquity, 2410–12
resuscitation accounts (selective list), 1711–14, 1722–24, 2977–78
relevance theory, 23
rhetoric, political, conservative and liberal, 1791, 1818, 1870, 1876, 1950–51, 2229, 2231, 3131. See also nationalism
rhetorical criticism, 20–21, 25–26, and passim
rhetorical level of Luke-Acts, 139–43
rhetoric and history. See history and rhetoric
rural vs. urban life, 589–96
Sabbath, in Judaism, 736–38
Salamis, 1999–2001
salvation, 503–5, 1150–52
Samaritans, 1488–94
and the temple, 1350, 1492–93
Sanhedrin, 1137–41
Scythians, 1555–57
Seleucia, 1997–98
semiotics, 3n1
Semitisms, 142, 176, 182–83, 311, 317, 642–44
Septuagint, 1343n465 and passim
sexual behaviors, proscribed, 2271–75, 2688
shaliach. See agent, agency
Sidon, 1834
signs, theology of, 537–49, 1065–71, 1099–1101. See also miracle reports
slaves, slavery, 1906–42
figurative, 2237–38
social-historical and sociorhetorical approaches, 11–12, 16–26, and passim
social-science approaches, 11–12, 25, and passim
Socrates, and Paul, 2603–7
son of man, 1437–40
sources
ancient historians’ use of, 170–73
Luke’s use of, 176–83
speeches
in Acts, 258–319, 499–500
in ancient historiography, 258, 264–65, 271–82
in antiquity, 263–64
spirit possession, 2429–56
in anthropological and other modern studies, 2441–56 (esp. 2441–47, 2449–53)
in antiquity, 2429–41
Stoics, 2593–95, 2621, and passim
structure of Acts, 574–81
suffering, 505 and passim
suicide
in antiquity, 2498–2507
Jewish views of, 2505–7
philosophers’ views of, 2503–5
reasons for, 2499–2501
views of, 2501–3
summary sections and statements, 992–93
suspense, 63, 69, 73, 82, 560, 1863. See also chronology
synagogues, 1298–1302
as a place for Paul’s ministry, 2001–4
Tarsus, 1646–51
Taurus Mountains, 2033–35, 2038, 2115, 2179, 2311–12, 2796
temple
gates (Jerusalem), 1048–50
Paul’s temple theology, 3150–52
views about, 1322–24
Tendenz and agendas, in ancient historiography, 148–65, 168
textual criticism
of Acts, 7–11 and passim
in antiquity, 7
theology of Luke-Acts, 459–549 and passim, esp. 492–549
Torah
in Judaism, 1316–18
in Paul, 1610–11
travel in antiquity, 582–89
Troas, Alexandria, 2334–42
Twelve, the, background for significance of, 740, 752–53, 774–76
typology, 483, 487–89, 559n63, 564, 573–74, 1363, 1367n708, 1373n762, 1412n1137
Tyre, 1834, 1957–62, 1966
unity, literary, 304–9, 551–74, 1039–41, 1126, 1248, 1252, 1866, and passim
urban vs. rural life, 589–96
variation, literary, 142, 145–46, 171n34, 181, 183, 201n299, 225n19, 245n142, 277n170, 282, 291, 291n51, 292n288, 309n430, 409, 424, 647–48, 649n18, 741, 775n407, 835n466, 836
Vestal virgins, 3094–96
veterans, 1736–37, 1747, 2484–85
Via Egnatia, 2339, 2379, 2384, 2386–87, 2467, 2468, 2484, 2513, 2532, 2535, 2536n2396, 2537–38, 2556, 2560–61, 2951
Via Sebaste, 2028, 2032, 2034, 2036, 2038–39, 2107, 2111, 2128, 2190
virginity, 3094–3102
and consecrated virgins, 3094–97
and prophetic virginity, 3097–98
vision reports in antiquity. See dreams and visions in antiquity
“wandering charismatics/prophets,” 1851–52
“we” narratives, 2350–74, 2958n85
Western text. See textual criticism: of Acts
wine and alcohol consumption in antiquity, 852–59
worship, 1001, 1011, 1032–37, 2490–94
Zealots, 744–46
Zeus, 204, 207, 211, 328n64, 608, 610n125, 627n403, 634n497, 657, 718, 777, 778, 779, 849, 860n789, 869, 926n703, 929, 933, 948, 954n1025, 957n1060, 986n1336, 1060, 1061, 1070n310, 1071n323, 1161, 1192n184, 1297n16, 1321, 1355n611, 1406, 1436n1357, 1514, 1515, 1554, 1610n115, 1620, 1631n317, 1647n452, 1706, 1783, 1796, 1800n716, 1836, 1885n178, 1889, 1896, 1971n1206, 2000, 2041, 2129n1406, 2137n1467, 2144–46, 2148n1575, 2149, 2150–55, 2160–62, 2164n1775, 2166–67, 2170, 2172, 2176, 2239n319, 2265, 2267, 2295n885, 2343n424, 2343n429, 2344, 2348, 2395n925, 2416–17, 2423, 2427n1309, 2431n1345, 2462–63, 2573, 2575–77, 2578n2757, 2578n2759, 2583n2816, 2586n2852, 2587n2860, 2589n2887, 2600, 2604, 2613n3137, 2616, 2618, 2621, 2629, 2630, 2633, 2636, 2644, 2645nn3441–3442, 2655–56n3561, 2656n3562, 2656n3567, 2657–63, 2696, 2718, 2807n5097, 2839n5370, 2847n5450, 2871n5642, 2873–74, 2892, 2893n5866, 2931, 2934n6237, 2934n6240, 2935n6242, 3008, 3009n572, 3080n1342, 3105n1590, 3149, 3181, 3214, 3230n956, 3302