General Index
In this index the abbreviation JE has been used for Jonathan Edwards. All works are by Jonathan Edwards unless otherwise indicated.
Aaron, 183, 184 Abednego, 381 Abel (city), 482 Abimelech, 445 Abraham, 79–80, 189, 213, 243, 253, 255,
343–44, 381, 406, 412, 452, 484 Absalom, 514 Adam, 83, 86, 211, 229, 279 Adonis, 403 Adultery, 477, 489 Affiance, as part of faith, 456–57 Agape, 97. See also Love Agog, 477 Ahasuerus, King, 465n2 Ahitophel, 161n7 Allen, A. V. G., 90–91, 151 Alpha and Omega, 137, 191, 287 Alting, Henricus, 227, 228, 230 Ames, William, 3 Analogies of Trinity, 11–13, 18, 19, 21 Analogy of religion, natural and revealed, to the
constitution and course of nature (Butler), 298n1, 315 Ananias, 484 Anderson, Wallace E., 6, 11 Andrew, 162 Angel-christology, 330, 372–73, 375–76,
381–82, 384, 385, 387–89, 395–97, 405 Angels, 77, 79, 197, 298, 486 Anger: of Christ, 211–12; of God, 298–99,
377, 428, 430; and moral taste, 317; of humans, 317, 323–24 Anointing. See Oil imagery and anointing Antipas, 505 Anti-trinitarianism, 4–5 Apollo, 403 Apollos, 259, 283n4 Apostles, 162, 255–56, 296, 342, 513–14,
517. See also specific apostles “Apostrophe to Sarah Pierpont,” 511 Appropriations doctrine, 33 Aquinas, Thomas. See Thomas Aquinas Arbitrary operations of God, 54–55 Arianism, 4, 22, 111, 247, 249
Aristotle and Aristotelian metaphysics, 3, 5,
6, 20, 47, 127n8 Arius, 22 Ark of the covenant, 373 Arminianism: and anti-trinitarianism, 4; and
grace, 41–45, 249; and free will, 42, 45, 202, 204, 206, 219–22, 226, 227–28, 230, 232, 242, 250, 259, 284, 299–300; and works, 45; and justification, 71, 77, 329, 338–39n2; and conversion, 210, 278–80, 284–86; and sin, 211, 234, 277, 279–80; and virtue, 219–21, 227, 237, 242, 274, 299–300; and assistance, 229, 301; and reason, 234, 273; groups holding doctrines of, 247; and irresistible grace, 249; and preventing grace of God, 284–87; and conscience, 318; and law of nature, 341–42 Ascension of Christ, 404 Assent, as part of faith, 456 Assurance, application of, 459 Athanasians, 2 Atheism, 203 Atoms, 53–54 Atonement, 63, 71, 75, 78–81, 234, 357,
358, 392, 397–409 Augustine: influence of, in JE generally, 1; on
Trinity, 3, 11, 17–18, 20n5, 26, 33; on Holy Spirit, 17–18; on substance, 20n5; on grace, 62; on types of Christ, 330
Baal, 258 Babcock, William S., 5 Baptism, 126, 162, 296n7, 304, 498, 500,
514–15, 516 Barth, Karl, 16n7, 20 Beach, John, 204, 239, 255, 288 Beatitudes, 489 Beauty: being as, 7–8; of God, 8, 10, 13, 37,
45, 58, 60–61, 101, 102, 104, 106, 356, 523; and virtue, 93, 316–17; and complacent love, 96; of Holy Spirit, 144; natural men’s perception of, 314–15; spiritual, 318; and harmony, 318–19, 321; of Christ, 458 “Beauty of the World,” x
Being: dispositional reconception of, 7–8; as
proportion or beauty, 7–8; self-realization of, 8; essence of God, 21, 22–27; essence of Son, 25, 26–27; hierarchy of, 55; as foundation of virtue, 93–94; in general, 94n6, 95–97; benevolent, 94–96, 319–20 Belial, sons of, 508 Believing. See Faith Bellamy, Joseph, 199, 312n1 Benevolence, 90–98, 151–52, 174–75, 312,
319–24, 326–27. See also Goodness Benjamin, 483n7 Beza, Theodore, 204, 344 Bible: JE’s use of, 9–10; on Trinity generally,
9–10; understanding of, 60; predictions in, 201–2; interpretation of, 204, 232, 234, 237, 250; on God as determining cause of virtue and true goodness, 236– 37. See also New Testament; Old Testament “Blank Bible,” 125n3, 127n8, 128n2, 260n3,
344n4, 372–73n3, 379n6, 419– 21nn8,9,1, 465n2, 472n4, 482n6, 483n7, 484n1, 503n2 Blasphemy, 376, 383 Blindness, 160, 163, 258 Boasting, 280–83, 290, 298–99 Boethius, 21–22 “Book of Minutes on the Arminian Contro-
versy.” See “Gazetteer Notebook” Branch imagery. See Tree, branch, and vine
imagery Bridegroom imagery, 383–84 Bridling the tongue, 485–86 Brine, John, 330, 411 Bushnell, Horace, 111 Butler, Joseph, 291, 297, 298n1, 312, 315 Buxtorf, Johann, 126–27
Caleb, 122, 478, 479 Calvin, John, 1, 62, 71, 72, 73, 89 Calvinism, 208–9, 210, 234–35, 273, 292,
301, 338, 352–53, 354, 410–11 Canaan, 236, 503 Cappadocian theologians, 25 Catholic Church. See Roman Catholic
Church Chaldee Paraphrasts, 385n3, 400 Change, 247, 249 Charity. See Love “Charity and Its Fruits,” 38, 49, 50 Cherry, Conrad, 51–52, 59 Children: death of infants, 84n1; father’s re-
lationship with, 171–72; infant imagery, 487, 500; humans as children of God, 488, 508; Christ on becoming as little, 500; Christ’s relationship with, 518 China, 403
Christ. See Jesus Christ Christianity: and Trinity, 2–6, 21–22; love as
essence of, 168–75; Jews’ conversion to, 258, 446; and church, 266, 491; calling of Christians, 460–61. See also Christian practice; Jesus Christ; New Testament; Redemption Christian Philosophy (Turnbull), 295–98,
315n4 Christian practice: connection between Trin-
ity and, 3–4, 31; and justification by faith, 81–100; nature and meaning of, 86–100; and piety, 87; and good works, 87–88; signs of godliness, 87–88, 471–510; and imitatio Christi, 88–89; Christ as example of, 88–89, 511–24; directions for judging other persons’ spiritual experiences, 89– 90, 520–24; and true virtue, 90–98, 312– 27; significance of, in JE’s theology, 98– 100; and Trinity, 99–100 “Christ’s Example,” x, 88–89, 472n3, 511–24 Christ the righteousness of his people (Rawlin),
340n5 Chrysostom, John, 303 Chubb, Thomas, 217, 218n1, 343 Church, 266, 491. See also Christianity Circumcision, 500 Circumcision of heart, 215–17, 251, 499 Clarke, John, 400n3 Clarke, Samuel, 4, 164–65, 227 Coates, Thomas, 71 Commandments, 167–68, 338n2, 364, 448,
471–74, 476–77, 481, 494, 507 Commands, 206, 213, 276 Common grace, 150, 153–65, 179–80, 212,
291, 292, 294–95n5 Common Place Book of the Holy Bible (Locke),
485n8, 496, 510 Common sense, 209, 226, 234, 235–36,
265–66, 273, 276, 288 Common virtue, 292 Communion. See Lord’s Supper Communion of saints, 129–30, 158–59, 188 Complacence, 90–93, 95–98, 151–52, 174–
75, 327 Concerning the End for Which God Created the
World, 9, 35, 103–4, 151, 312n1 Conscience, 312, 316, 317–18, 322, 327,
428–31, 475 Consent, as part of faith, 456, 457–58 Constantinople, Council at, 2–3, 4 Contingency, 247–48, 275, 277–78, 289 “Controversies” notebook: contents and pag-
ination of, xi; “Nature of True Virtue” section in, xi, 34, 35, 91, 96–97, 150n4, 312– 27; “Efficacious Grace” section of, xi, 34, 38, 42, 56, 150n4, 198, 291–311; “Justifi- cation” section of, xi, 34, 62, 68–70, 72– 73, 77, 101–2, 328–413; on holiness, 81– 82; love of benevolence versus complacence in, 90; on “Treatise on Grace,” 150; on mysteries of religion, 211n1; “Original Sin” section in, 294–95n5, 300n3, 314n3, 316n7; “Mysteries of Religion” section of, 410n5; “Perseverance” section of, 444n3 Conversion: definition of, 39; Stoddard on,
40; and disposition, 41; and Holy Spirit, 41; Puritan morphology of, 89; as work of creation, 159–60, 161, 164, 213; in New Testament, 159–64, 296–97; as new birth, 160, 214, 255, 297, 500; as opening of eyes of blind, 160; resurrection compared with, 160, 163–64; as calling, 161–62; instantaneousness of work of, 161–64; miracles as types of, 162–63; self-conversion as impossible, 164–65; Arminian view of, 210, 278– 80, 284–86; Whitby on, 220; Stebbing on, 243, 245, 276, 277, 278–79n3, 284–86; of Gentiles, 257; of Paul, 260, 296, 297; and free will, 276; Goodwin on, 292; Turnbull on, 295–98; of Corinthians, 296; and power of God, 302–4. See also Redemption; Saints Conviction, 318, 432–33, 520, 522–23 Cornelius, 335 Court of the Gentiles (Gale), 127n8, 144n6 Covenant: of redemption, 29, 32–33, 34,
342; of Trinity, 39; of grace, 81–82, 83, 329–30, 354, 356–68, 421; of works, 81– 82, 329–30, 338n2, 354, 356–68; with Israelites, 245–46, 336, 499; ark of the, 373. See also Commandments Created grace (gratia creata), 47–48, 52 Creation: and God, 8–9, 35–38, 46, 76,
84n1, 99, 100–105, 177–78; of universe, 37; fallenness of, 40; conversion as work of, 159–60, 161, 164 Creation’s end, 35–38 Crellius, 411 Crucifixion. See Death: of Christ Cudworth, Ralph, 3, 25
Damned. See Hell Daniel, 381, 387–88 Daniel, Stephen H., 20 Darkness, 265, 422 David, 161n7, 388, 401, 403n8, 484 Death: of infants, 84n1; sudden death of per-
son with new disposition of Holy Spirit, 84n1; of Christ, 89, 144, 257, 402, 404, 513, 518. See also Resurrection Deborah, 509 Deists, 4–5, 235 Deity. See God Delattre, Roland, 7n5, 61n2, 96n1
De Libero Arbitrio (Alting), 230 Demonstration of the Messias (Kidder), 330,
375, 376, 382, 385, 389, 394, 397, 403 Despair of sinners, 45, 291, 300 Determining cause, 247, 250 De Veritate Religionis Christianae (Grotius),
127, 400, 403 Devils, 160–61n7, 163, 171, 207, 294, 297,
316, 404. See also Satan Dhun, 350 Difficulty, 252 “Directions for Judging of Persons’ Experi-
ences,” 89–90, 470n1, 520–24 Discerning. See Judgment Disciples. See Apostles; and specific disciples Discourse of the Five Points (Whitby), 199, 205–
8, 210–12, 215–16, 220, 230, 294n4 “Discourse on the Trinity”: original manu-
script of, x, 109; title of, 9, 111; summary of content of, 13, 15–16, 25–26, 34, 109– 11; dating of, 109; and “Treatise on Grace,” 109, 124n1, 152, 188n4; editor’s introduction to, 109–11; controversy on, 111; publication of, 111; sample page of, 112; text of, 113–44; compared with “On the Equality of the Persons of the Trinity,” 145 Disobedience, 203, 248, 303, 337, 421, 446.
See also Obedience Disposing cause, 247 Dispositions: definition of, 6–7, 36, 41, 57–
58, 76–77, 83; and being, 7–8; God’s dispositional nature, 8–9, 13–14, 16–17, 20, 36, 46, 57–58, 105; and grace, 46–53, 75– 77, 84n1, 98–99, 196; and justification by faith, 84n1; natural and moral propensities, 251–52; habits of virtue, 291; infused habits, 292 Distinguishing Marks of the Work of the Spirit of
God, 150, 469 Divine and Supernatural Light, 58–61, 109 “Doctrines of the [Word of God] Especially
[Pertaining to the] Justice and Grace [of God] Explained and Defended.” See “Gazetteer Notebook” Doddridge, Philip, 330, 339n2, 412, 413,
414, 462n8 Double grace, 73 Dove imagery, 126–27, 183, 184 Duty of Charity to the Poor, 492n3 Dwight, Sereno, 149, 151
Earthquake, 469 Eastern church, 2–4, 11, 17, 22, 25, 32 East of Eden, 432 Economic Trinity, 2–3, 9, 31–34 Economy and equality of the Trinity, 18–19,
20, 27–31, 110, 135–38, 145–48, 189
Edwards, Jonathan: greatness of, as theolo-
gian, 1, 5–6, 105–6; and Great Awakening, 4; Master’s Quæstio of, 62, 63, 328; at Northampton church, 87, 469; piety of, and delights in religion, 101, 102; sermons by, 142n4, 149, 234, 432–33nn8–9, 484– 85n3, 493n5, 509–10, 518nn5–7; and stitching of notebooks, 199, 223, 239n1, 415, 470; and plan for three-part treatise, 292, 300n3, 316n7; method of, for lengthy works, 316n6. See also specific works Edwards, Jonathan, Jr., x–xi, 200, 223, 239,
293, 329, 330, 331, 416 Edwards, Sarah Pierpont, 239n1 Edwards, Tryon, 149, 201n4 Efficacious grace: and immediacy of Holy
Spirit’s operation, 41, 45, 53–57; and laws of nature, 41, 45–46, 53–57, 300–301; as determining and decisive, 42–43, 44, 274, 275–77, 289–90, 292, 300–301; and free will, 42–44, 51, 198, 201–22, 267–68; origin of, 42, 44–46; definition of, 44, 202, 232–33; Holy Spirit as new disposition in regenerate person, 46–53, 75–77, 84n1; means of grace and Holy Spirit, 57–62; JE’s outline on, 198–99n2; and God’s assistance, 210, 219–20, 224, 228, 229, 270–74, 286–87, 292, 300–301; and stubbornness of sinners, 211–12; Whitby on, 213, 220; Stebbing on, 213n7, 233–34; and common sense, 226, 234, 235–36, 265–66, 276; and obedience, 233–34; and perseverance, 233–34; as gift of God, 237–38; in Old Testament, 240–41, 243– 46, 252–55; in New Testament, 240–43, 251, 255–67, 302–6; and man’s fitness for heaven, 249; God’s and man’s roles in, 251; and God’s power, 260–61, 289–90, 302–5; and virtue, 267; and sincerity of man’s endeavors, 292, 305–11 “Efficacious Grace” (“Controversies” note-
book): original manuscript of, xi, 38; summary of content of, 42, 56, 150n4, 291– 92; outline on, 198–99n2; dating of, 291; editor’s introduction to, 291–93; and JE’s plan for three-part treatise, 292, 300n3; publication of, 292–93; text of, 294–311 “Efficacious Grace” notebooks: Book I, x,
198–222; Book II, x, 223–38; Book III, 44, 239–90; title of, 198, 223, 239; outline on, 198–99n2; editor’s introduction to, 198–200, 223, 239; notelike nature of manuscript of, 199; dating of, 199, 223; original manuscript of, 199–200, 223, 239; printing of, 200, 223, 239; text of, 201–22, 224–38, 240–90; sample pages of, 241; compared with “Efficacious
Grace” (“Controversies” notebook), 291; JE’s reference to, in “Efficacious Grace” (“Controversies” notebook), 294; missing notebook from series of, 300n4 Egypt, 77, 236, 403, 404, 437, 442, 454,
478n7 Elect, 76, 82, 104, 220, 265, 503. See also
Saints Eli, sons of, 508 Elijah, 484n1 Elisha, 484n1 Elohim, 374 End of creation, 35–38, 76, 84n1, 99, 100–
105 End of Creation, 9, 35, 103–4, 151, 312n1 End of world, 207 Energein, 217–18 Enlightenment, 4–5 Enthusiasm, 229, 230 Ephraim, 215, 216, 403n8, 504 Epilogue to the Tragedy of the Church of England
(Thorndike), 206n9 Equality and economy of the Trinity, 18–19,
20, 27–31, 110, 135–38, 145–48, 189 Erskine, John, 199, 423 Esaias, 447–48 Esau, 258 Essay Concerning Human Understanding
(Locke), 226n2, 226n9, 273n6, 410n5 “Essay on Christian Piety” (MacLaurin),
464–65n1 Essay on the Freedom of Will in God and in Crea-
tures (Watts), 221–22n3, 272n5 “Essay on the Scripture Doctrine of Divine
Grace” (MacLaurin), 465n1 “Essay on the Trinity.” See “Discourse on the
Trinity” Essence: of God, 21, 22–27, 114–16, 147–
48; of Christ, 25, 26–27 Esther, 465n2 Eusebius, 127n8 Evans, John, 182 Evil: of sin, 70, 357–58, 365, 457; God as au-
thor of, 207, 225; and indifference, 219; nature of, 230–31; God’s unwillingness for moral evil, 232; and moral inability, 288–89; and moral taste, 316. See also Devils; Hell; Satan; Sin; Sinners Excellency: of God, 10–11, 20, 23, 28, 61,
64–66, 92, 123, 136, 175, 359, 363, 380– 81; of Christ, 23, 28, 59, 64–66, 102, 136, 142, 358–59, 380–81, 425, 428, 429, 523; of Holy Spirit, 28, 136; of good works, 85; of virtuous men, 249, 363, 428; of Jacob, 385–86, 389; of Israel, 386 Exercitations on the Epistle to the Hebrews
(Owen), 408n6
Exodus of Israelites, 77, 236, 373–74 Experiences, judging of, 89–90, 520–24 Exposition on the Epistle to the Ephesians (Good-
win), 292 Ezekiel, 379, 381
Faith: definition of, 63–66, 102, 414, 417,
419–26, 428, 432–37, 442–44, 447, 460– 63, 465; role of, in justification, 63–77, 101–2; as “sense,” 64–65; and union with Christ, 66, 67–69, 83, 444–45, 446, 458, 463–64; and natural and moral fitness, 68–69, 77; and Holy Spirit, 71–72, 430; Thomas Aquinas on, 74; dispositional nature of, 83–84; perseverance in, 83–84; Whitby on, 210; as gift of God, 215, 218– 19, 261, 277, 304; and grace, 218–19; and good works, 219; of Gentiles, 243; and prayer, 267, 437, 438–39; Stebbing on, 277; of Abraham, 406; outline for dissertation on, 414–15, 461–62; in New Testament, 417, 419–23, 428, 431, 432, 436– 40, 442–450, 452–53, 455, 456, 459–64, 466; negative definitions of, 419, 426–28, 431–32, 440, 442; and trust in God, 419– 20, 445, 447–56, 467–68; and hope, 419–20n8, 420, 425, 426, 437, 440, 447– 48, 451–53, 463; in Old Testament, 419– 23, 433, 438, 440, 442–43, 445, 447–56, 459–60, 462–65, 468; and love, 422, 423, 442, 446, 448; and soul, 423–24, 426, 428, 433–34, 436, 437, 440, 444–45, 460, 465; reception of truth versus, 426–28; and forgiveness of sin, 428–31; and removal of guilt, 428–31; and trust in Christ, 435, 439–40, 442–45, 462, 465–66; and happiness, 436; and obedience, 440–41, 445–46, 460–61; different types of, 443– 44; and seeking God, 449; assent as part of, 456; consent as part of, 456, 457–58; affiance as part of, 456–57; application of, 458–60; Manton on, 458–60; and calling of Christians, 460–61; and righteousness, 463; MacLaurin on, 464–65n1; Sherlock on, 466–68. See also Justification by faith Faithful Narrative, 521 “Faith” notebook: original manuscript of, x,
414–16; summary of content of, 63–65, 66, 102, 329, 330, 414; dating of, 415; printing of, 416; text of, 417–68; sample page of, 418 Fallenness of creation, 40 Family Expositor (Doddridge), 339n2, 412n7,
462n8 Fatalists, 226, 235 Fides, 427 Fiering, Norman, 91n9, 92–93, 94n6
Fire imagery, 373, 377 Fisher, George P., 111 Fitness. See Moral fitness; Natural fitness/
suitableness Forensic paradigm for justification, 69–77,
104–5, 337, 351, 352, 354, 408 Forgiveness, 426–31, 489–90, 513, 518. See
also Repentance Foster, James, 411 Free will: Arminian view of, 42, 45, 202, 204,
206, 219–22, 226, 227–28, 230, 232, 242, 250, 259, 284, 299–300; and efficacious grace, 42–44, 51, 198, 201–22, 267–68; and moral necessity, 43, 202; Whitby on, 201, 203, 205–8; and God’s foreknowledge of future contingencies, 201–4; contradiction on, 202, 205; and indifference, 203, 205, 206, 219, 220–21, 224, 225, 228, 236; nature of, 203; and commands, 206, 213; and God’s moral suasion, 207– 8; Calvinists on, 208–9; and God’s assistance, 209–10, 219–20, 224, 228, 229, 270–74, 286–87, 292, 300–301; Watts on, 221–22n3; motive of acts of the will, 224– 25; and virtue, 225; and understanding, 225–26; and human power, 226; and common sense, 226, 234, 235–36, 265–66, 276; Locke on liberty, 226nn2,9; in Old Testament, 227; Alting on, 227, 228; in New Testament, 227–28; and moral good and evil, 231, 232; Stebbing on, 243, 245; as determiner and self-determining, 250, 251, 268–69, 274–75, 290; and choice, 250–51; and conversion, 276; acts of, as contingent things, 289 Freedom of the Will, 23, 198, 223, 225n5, 239,
Gale, Theophilus, 127n8, 144n6 “Gazetteer Notebook,” 220n7, 227n5, 328,
338–39n2 Gentiles, 89, 176, 215, 243, 257–58, 260,
419–20n8, 442, 447–49, 452, 497, 516 Gergesenes, 517 Giver as disposer or determiner, 248 Glory: of God, 24, 25, 28, 32, 37, 61, 76, 99,
104–6, 132, 135–36, 146, 378–80, 396; of Christ, 24, 25, 28, 119, 132, 135–36, 146; of Holy Spirit, 24, 28, 136 God: Aristotelian conceptions of, 3, 47; self-
communication by, 6, 8–9, 13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 30–32, 36, 37–38, 46, 76, 99, 105; beauty of, 8, 10, 13, 37, 45, 58, 60–61, 101, 102, 104, 106, 356, 523; relationality and plurality of, 8, 10–11, 20; as knowing, 8, 13–15, 19, 20, 37, 131, 141–42; love between mankind and, 8, 70, 91, 97–98,
God (continued)
101, 102–3, 123–24, 127–28, 141, 167, 172–75, 229–30, 314, 365, 467–68, 501; dispositional nature of, 8–9, 13–14, 16– 17, 20, 36, 46, 57–58, 105; and creation of world, 8–9, 35–38, 46, 76, 84n1, 99, 100– 105, 177–78; excellency of, 10–11, 20, 23, 28, 61, 64–66, 92, 123, 136, 175, 359, 363, 380–81; real distinctions within, 10– 20, 146–48, 181; as loving, 11, 12, 13–16, 36, 37, 113–14, 121–22, 123, 131–34, 142, 184, 186–87, 194; and idea of God, 11–12, 114–17, 131; primal being of, 13– 14; as Father in Trinity, 13–15, 17–19, 21, 24, 25–29, 131, 143, 146–48; self-existence or aseity of, 14–15, 22; self-repetition by, 14–16, 20, 21, 22, 27, 37, 76, 109– 10; actuality and disposition coinciding in, 14–16, 36; love between Christ and, 15– 19, 36, 61, 110, 118, 121, 124, 136, 140, 147, 184, 185–88, 385–86; immutability and self-sufficiency of, 16n7; relationship of, with Son and Holy Spirit, 16–19, 24, 25–31, 36, 39, 61, 99–101, 131–38, 142– 44, 146–48; Word of God, 17–18, 58, 59– 60, 185, 375n5, 379, 389, 394, 397, 460, 509; as self-love, 19, 65, 123, 142, 184, 323; unity of, 20–27; essence of, 21, 22– 27, 114–16, 147–48; simplicity doctrine on, 22–23, 24, 26; relative being of, 24; glory of, 24, 25, 28, 32, 37, 61, 76, 99, 104–6, 119, 132, 135–36, 146, 378–80, 396; and redemption, 29–31, 32–35, 38, 39, 46, 76, 135–38, 189–91; continuity of God’s inner life and external activities of, 31–33; holiness of, 35, 82, 122–23, 135, 186, 187, 195, 197, 206, 265, 312, 323, 356, 365; as sole author of grace, 42, 44– 46; and laws of nature, 53–56, 297–98, 300–301; mixed operations of, 54; natural operations of, 54; arbitrary operations of, 54–55; human language on, 61; and saints, 65, 99, 104, 195, 206, 219, 264; covenant between Israelites and, 77–78, 245– 46, 336, 499; as Being in general, 94n6, 95–97; happiness of, 105, 113, 118, 174, 184, 186–87, 195, 197; Christ as face of, 118–19; Christ as wisdom of, 119–20, 140–42, 144n6, 148, 183, 185; as Alpha and Omega, 137, 191, 287; sun image of, 138–39, 142; and foreknowledge of future contingencies, 201–4; praise of, 206, 249, 336, 509; as author of sin, 207, 225; moral suasion by, 207–8; assistance of, 209–10, 219–20, 224, 228, 229, 270–74, 286–87, 292, 300–301; promises of, 215–17, 232, 242–46, 271–72, 367, 420; operation and
efficiency of, on mankind (energein), 217– 18; secret versus revealed will of, 225; liberty of, 226; proof of existence of, 228–29; as determining cause of virtue true goodness, 236–37; power of, 260–61, 289–90, 302–5, 428; mercy of, 261, 288, 335–36, 344, 348, 354, 363, 428–31, 457, 509; anger of, 298–99, 377, 428, 430; infinite virtue of, 312, 322–23; righteousness of, 329, 335–36, 344, 348, 353–54, 422; justice and judgment of, 336, 353–54, 357– 58, 393, 411, 474–75, 481–82, 509; and hatred of sin, 357–58, 365, 457; Christ as Son of, 374, 381–83, 385, 396–97, 486, 492, 514; Christ as name of, 376–78, 379, 388, 391–92, 397, 406–7; Christ as strength of, 380–81, 389; as Lawgiver, 411, 441; trust in, 419–20, 445, 447–56, 465, 467–68, 495; seeking God, 449; fear of, 496; spiritually seeing and knowing God, 505–7; awful attributes of, 509; sovereignty of, 509. See also Covenant; Trinity Godliness. See Holiness Gomorrah, 374 Goodness: in human nature prior to justifica-
tion, 72–73, 76–77; love of benevolence, 90–98, 151–52, 174–75, 320–24, 326– 27; moral good versus virtue, 209; God as determining cause of, 236–37; moral good versus interest or natural good, 315, 325; hungering and thirsting after spiritual good, 487–88. See also Holiness Good shepherd parable, 256 Goodwin, Thomas, 292, 303, 305, 370, 414,
464 Good works. See Works Gospels. See New Testament Grace: definition of, 38–39; blessings of, 39;
trinitarian character of, 39; and Holy Spirit, 39–62, 46–53, 75–77, 84n1, 98– 99, 176–97, 212; physical infusion of, 41; as immediate and instantaneous, 41, 45, 53–57; infused grace, 41, 295n5; Arminian view of, 41–45, 249; as determining and decisive, 42–43, 44; and free will, 42– 44, 51, 198, 201–3; as efficacious, 44–46; and works, 45; uncreated grace (gratia increatia), 46–48; created grace (gratia creata), 47–48, 52; Thomas Aquinas on, 47–48, 52, 62, 74; Lombardian concept of, 48, 52; Luther on, 48, 62; and becoming in relation to Holy Spirit, 49–50; and union with Holy Spirit, 50–55; seed imagery for, 52; means of grace and Holy Spirit, 57–62; and human nature, 60–61; Augustine on, 62; judicial terms for God’s acts of grace, 70; Calvin’s doctrine of “dou- ble grace,” 73; and justification by faith, 75–76, 340, 354, 356–68; covenant of, 81–82, 83, 329–30, 354, 356–68, 421; common grace, 150, 153–65, 179–80, 212, 291, 292, 294–95n5; saving grace, 150, 153–75, 179–80, 291, 292, 294– 95n5; in New Testament, 154–73, 204, 205, 218–19, 306; and natural men, 158– 59; and saints, 165–66, 191, 193–97, 336; as spirit, 192–94; habit of, 196–97; in Old Testament, 204; special grace, 212; and faith, 218–19; irresistible grace, 249, 251, 275, 289–90; and virtue, 267; preventing grace, 284–87; and sincerity of endeavors, 292, 305–11. See also Efficacious grace Gratitude, 317, 324 Great Awakening, 4 Greeks, 403 Greenfield, Jane, 239n1 Gregory of Nyssa, 3, 25 Grosart, Alexander B., 149, 151, 520, 521 Grotius, Hugo, 126–27, 344, 400, 403 Grove, Henry, 324 Gruenler, Royce G., 16n7 Guilt, 70–71, 85, 428–31. See also Convic-
tion; Humiliation Gunton, Colin E., 16n7, 20n20 Guyse, John, 208
Habits. See Dispositions Hades. See Hell Haggai, 395, 396 Hammond, Dr., 203 Hannah, 509 Happiness: as end of creation, 103; of God,
105, 113, 118, 174, 184, 186–87, 195, 197; of saints, 197; and virtue, 312–13, 324–26; of Christ, 359; earthly happiness of mankind, 362; and faith, 436 Harmony, 318–19, 321 “Harmony of the Old and New Testaments”
notebook, 448–49n6, 512 Healing. See Miracles Heart: circumcision of, 215–17, 251, 499;
and goodness, 433; and Christ, 458, 463; serving God with whole and perfect heart, 499, 509–10; sin of, 522 Heathens, 214, 246, 342, 403 Heaven: saints in, 197; man’s fitness for, 249;
Christ’s ascension to, 404; parables on, 483, 490. See also Angels Hebrews. See Israel and Israelites; Jews Hell, 280, 316, 357 Helm, Paul, 21, 90n9, 151–52 Hephzibah, 384 Hercules, 403, 404 Herod, 298, 478
Herodias, 478 Hierarchy of being, 55 History of the Work of Redemption, 80–81, 150 Hobbes, Thomas, 201, 208, 249 Holiness: of God, 35, 82, 122–23, 135, 186,
187, 195, 197, 206, 265, 312, 323, 356, 365; imperfect holiness of sinners, 71; of saints, 71–72, 195, 197; prior to justification, 72–73, 75; and covenant of grace, 81–82, 329–30; and covenant of works, 81–82, 329–30; of elect, 82; and justification by faith, 84–85, 329–30, 356–68, 370–71; signs of godliness, 87–88, 90, 471–510; and good works, 87–88, 473– 77; guidelines on, 88; of Holy Spirit, 122– 23, 135, 187, 192; of Christ, 135, 187, 356, 363; as lacking in sinners, 159; and love, 170, 359–60, 490–91; and choosing and resting in God and Christ, 367, 495–96; and keeping commandments, 448, 471– 74, 476–77, 481, 494, 507; in New Testament, 471–75, 477–509; in Old Testament, 474, 476, 478–85, 487–504, 506, 508–10; and sincerity, 474–75, 480, 493– 94, 510; and obedience, 477–79; and perseverance, 479–82; and mortifying sensual and fleshly lusts, 482–83, 489; and self-denial and selling all for Christ, 483–84; and bridling and well-using tongues, 485–86; and belief of difficult Christian doctrines, 486–87; and hungering and thirsting after spiritual good, 487–88; and having Christ’s Spirit, 488–89; and meek and forgiving spirit and practice, 489–90; and mercy, 491–92; and belief in Christ as Son of God, 492; and faithfulness to God, 492– 93; and observance of outward moral duties, 493–94; and trusting in God, 495; and fearing God, 496; and change from sin to God, 496–502; and humility, 502–5; and boldly confessing Christ before men, 505; and spiritually seeing and knowing God and Christ and understanding divine things, 505–7; and spiritual knowledge, 507–8; and praise of God, 509; and relishing the Word of God, 509; directions for judging of persons’ experiences, 520, 523–24 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 111 Holy Spirit: as same substance with God, 2;
and God’s self-communication, 6, 16; actuality and disposition coinciding in, 16; as love between Father and Son, 16–17, 18, 61, 110, 121, 136, 185–88; relationship of, with Father and Son, 16–19, 24, 25– 31, 36, 39, 61, 99–101, 131–38, 142–44, 146–48; as gift of God, 17–18; Augustine
Holy Spirit (continued)
on, 17–18, 20n5; as proceeding from Father, 17, 27, 28, 99, 135, 142, 143, 146, 185–86; active role of, in Trinity, 18, 19, 33–34, 110, 123–26, 131; sun imagery of, 18, 52, 138; glory of, 24, 28, 136; excellency of, 28, 64–65, 136; and redemption, 29–30, 32–35, 39, 51, 135–38, 189–90; Puritan theology on, 39; and grace, 39– 62, 46–53, 75–77, 84nn1, 98–99, 176– 97, 212; and saints, 40, 41, 52, 62–63, 71– 72, 129–30, 185, 186, 188, 193–97; and conversion, 41; immediacy of operation of, and laws of nature, 41, 45, 53–57; as new disposition in regenerate person, 46–53, 75–77, 84n1; Scripture on, 49, 121–30, 136–40, 144, 176, 178–97; becoming used in conjunction with, 49–50; union with, and grace, 50–55; images of, 52, 110, 126–27, 129, 138–39, 196; and means of grace, 57–62; and faith, 71–72, 430; communion of, 110, 129–30, 158, 188; in New Testament, 121–26, 128–30, 136–37, 139–40, 144, 176, 178–96; as “spirit,” 122; in Old Testament, 122, 123– 29, 138, 139, 176, 179, 183, 184, 187, 190, 192, 196; holiness of, 122–23, 135, 187, 192; and quickening and beautifying all things, 123; as love of God, 123–24, 127–28, 141, 181–87; and sanctification, 123–26, 176; and baptism of Christ, 126; water imagery on, 126, 128, 129, 137, 184–85, 187; as Comforter, 126, 144, 296n7; as dove, 126–27, 183, 184; types of, 127–28, 184; love of, 130–31, 140; beauty of, 144; sin against, 147; renewal of soul by, 176, 195–96; as distinct “person” within Trinity, 181; as fullness of God, 187–89; as Spirit of promise, 190; and natural men, 192; and true virtue, 197; moral suasion by, 207–8; importance of gifts and influence of, 214, 218; virtues or fruit of, 260, 489–92; Stebbing on, 284, 284n8, 286; Whitby on, 294. See also Trinity Holy Spirit a Divine Person (Guyse), 208n8 Hope, 419–20n8, 420, 425, 426, 437, 440,
447–48, 451–53, 463. See also Trust Hopkins, Samuel, 312n1 Howe, John, 124–25, 182 Hubbard, John, 497 Human nature: and creation, 37; and free
will, 42–44, 51, 198, 201–4, 226; and Holy Spirit, 60; and grace, 60–61; love between mankind and God, 70, 91, 97–98, 101, 102–3, 123–24, 127–28, 141, 229–30, 314, 365, 467–68, 501; goodness in, 72– 73, 76–77; and self-love, 91, 114, 115,
175, 317, 326; and flesh versus spirit, 154– 55, 176, 192–94; characteristics of natural men, 154–60, 180; God’s operation and efficiency on mankind (energein), 217–18; and boasting, 280–83, 290, 298–99; and earthly happiness, 362. See also Conversion; Dispositions; Redemption; Saints; Sin; Sinners; Soul Humiliation: of Christ, 29, 34, 63, 89; and
faith, 458; and holiness, 520 Humility: of Christ, 89, 513–16, 518; and
justification, 363; as sign of godliness, 502–5 Hungering and thirsting after spiritual good,
487–88 Hunsinger, George, 93n3 Hurrion, John, 117 Hypocrisy, 475, 489
Idea of God, 11–12, 114–17, 131 Ideas of things, 12, 114–16 Idolatry, 214, 477, 489 Immanent Trinity, 2–3, 9, 18, 31–34 Impossibility, 229, 252, 288–89 Imputation, 74–75, 342 Inability, 205, 229 Inclinations. See Dispositions Indifference, 203, 205, 206, 219, 220–21,
224, 225, 228, 236, 242 Infants. See Children Infidelity, 201 Infused grace, 41, 295n5 Infused habits, 292 Institutiones Theologicae Polemicae (Stapfer),
413 Interpretation of Scriptures, 204, 232, 234,
237, 250 Irrefutable, 488 Irresistible grace, 249, 251, 275, 289–90 Isaac, 253, 381, 406, 491, 504 Isaiah, 374, 381 Israel and Israelites: Exodus of Israelites
from Egypt, 77, 236, 373–74; and Trinity, 77–78; and Mediator, 78, 79, 80, 386–94, 405–7; sacrifices by, 78–80, 390–94, 398–406; covenant with, 245–46, 499; knowledge of Christ by, 330, 372–408; and ark of the covenant, 373; and Messiah, 374, 377, 394–406; Michael as prince of, 381, 385, 387; Christ as spouse of, 383– 84; Christ as protector of, 384–85; excellency of, 386; sins of, 391, 397–400; and atonement, 392, 397–409; in Egypt, 437, 442, 454, 478n7; and commandments, 476–77. See also Jews; Old Testament; and specific persons Ittai the Gittite, 484
Jacob, 258, 377, 381, 385–86, 389, 393–94,
401, 454, 504 James, 86, 162, 168, 267, 485, 491, 494 Jehoiada, 480 Jehosophat, 391 Jehovah, 21, 235, 322, 373, 374, 382, 394–
96, 407. See also God Jenson, Robert W., 12, 32, 33 Jephunneh, 478, 479 Jeroboam, 455 Jerusalem, 252–53, 401, 484n1, 486, 487,
498, 504, 518, 519 Jesus Christ: as homoousios (of the same sub-
stance) with the Father, 2, 15, 22; and God’s self-communication, 6; actuality and disposition coinciding in the Son, 15; as begotten of Father in Trinity, 15, 19, 28, 99, 135, 142, 147, 185; love between God and, 15–19, 36, 61, 110, 118, 121, 124, 136, 140, 147, 184, 185–88, 385–86; relationship of, with Father and Holy Spirit, 16–19, 25–31, 36, 39, 61, 99–101, 131– 38, 142–44, 146–48; Augustine on Son’s role in Trinity, 17–18; as Word of God, 17–18, 185, 375n5, 379, 389, 394, 397, 460; excellency, 23, 28, 59, 64–66, 102, 136, 142, 358–59, 380–81, 425, 428, 429, 523; glory of, 24, 25, 28, 119, 132, 135–36, 146; essence of, 25, 26–27; as Redeemer/Savior, 29, 32–33, 34, 39, 63, 66, 189–91, 240, 263–64, 342, 357–60, 361, 363, 365–66, 384–85, 400–408, 422, 424–25, 427–37, 442–43, 446–47, 463– 64, 468, 492; subjection and humiliation of, 29, 34, 63; as servant, 29, 337; as Mediator, 32–33, 34, 78, 143, 339n2, 358, 362, 386–94, 400, 405–8, 435; resurrection of, 46, 260–61, 265, 304, 498; atonement by, 63, 71, 75, 357, 358, 397–409; obedience of, 63, 102, 337; sufferings of, 63, 104, 147, 362, 400–406, 435, 484, 518; union with, 66, 67–69, 83, 85–86, 158– 59, 195, 410, 444–45, 446, 458, 463–64; righteousness of, 74–75, 105, 142, 336, 340, 341, 342, 352, 358–59, 366–68, 423; types of, 79–81, 183, 330; as Messiah, 80, 140–41, 374, 377, 394–406, 443, 514; as second Adam, 83; as example of Christian practice, 88–89, 511–24; death of, 89, 144, 257, 402, 404, 513, 518; disciples’ relationship with, 89; miracles of, 89, 161, 162–63, 214, 219, 236, 466–67, 486, 511, 514, 517, 518, 519; love for mankind by, 89, 260, 359–60; humility of, 89, 513– 16, 518; images of, 110, 117–21, 138; light imagery for, 117, 119, 120, 121, 138; as idea of God, 117–21, 131; as face of
God, 118–19; as wisdom of God, 119–20, 140–42, 144n6, 148, 183, 185; as logos of God, 120, 375n5, 379, 394, 397; baptism of, 126, 514–15, 516; holiness of, 135, 187, 356, 363; on flesh versus spirit, 154– 55, 176; and apostles and disciples, 162, 255–56, 513–14, 517, 518; commandments of, 167–68, 471–74; anointing of, 183–84, 187, 503; anger of, 211–12; and Lord’s Prayer, 242; parables of, 256–57, 259, 405–6, 480, 483, 484–85n3, 490, 492, 503; as Shepherd, 256–58, 264, 266–67, 285, 384, 493; as Lamb, 265; angel-christology in Old Testament, 303, 372–73, 375–76, 381–82, 384, 385, 387– 89, 395–97, 405; knowledge of, in Old Testament, 330, 372–408; satisfaction of, 340, 428–31, 435; priesthood of, 358, 360, 394, 422, 435; happiness of, 359; trust in, 360, 406–8, 419–20, 435, 439– 40, 442–45, 462, 465–66; as king, 360, 422; as name of God, 376–78, 379, 388, 391–92, 397, 406–7; as glory of God, 378–80; as rock, 380, 384–85, 407; as strength of God, 380–81, 389; as Son of God, 381–83, 385, 396–97, 473, 486, 492, 514; as spouse of Israel, 383–84; as protector of Israel, 384–85; ascension of, 404; promises of, 425; beauty of, 458; boldly confessing Christ before men, 505; spiritually seeing and knowing Christ, 505–7; forgiveness by, 513, 518; temptations of, by Satan, 516; and Mosaic law, 516, 519; and children, 518. See also Christianity; Redemption; Trinity Jews: hatred of Gentiles by, 89; Christ’s anger
at, 211–12; God’s gifts to, 215; on Peter’s preaching to Gentiles, 215; Christian Jews, 258, 446; rejection of Christ by, 266n4, 383, 436, 442, 519; and Trinity doctrine, 375n5; and crucifixion of Christ, 383. See also Israel and Israelites; Jerusalem Joab, 482 Joash, 480 Job, 478, 480 John (evangelist), 162, 265, 333, 374, 478,
517 John the Baptist, 514–15, 516 Johnson, Anita, 295n6 Johnson, Dr. Samuel, 227n5 Johnson, Thomas H., 25n3 Josedech, 398 Joseph (Old Testament), 384, 483 Joseph of Arimathea, 335 Joshua, 140, 373, 381, 398 Judas, 160–61n7, 443, 513 Judas, Rabbi, 403
Judgment: biblical use of term, 70, 346–54;
of persons’ experiences, 89–90, 520–24; God’s, 336, 353–54, 357–58, 393, 411, 474–75, 481–82; 509 Judgment Day, 207, 474–75, 481–82 Jungel, Eberhard, 16n7 Jupiter, 403 Justice, 321–22, 327, 336, 349, 353–54,
357–58, 393, 509 “Justification” (“Controversies” notebook):
original manuscript of, xi, 331; summary of content of, 34, 62, 68–69, 72–73, 77, 101–2, 328–30; editor’s introduction to, 328–31; dating of, 330–31; text of, 331– 413; sample page from, 355 Justification by faith: JE’s writings on gener-
ally, 62, 63; Paul on, 62, 69; Calvinist doctrine of, 62, 71, 72, 73, 338, 352–53, 354, 410–11; definition of, 63, 86; role of faith in, 63–77, 101–2; and natural and moral fitness, 68–69, 77, 86, 339–40, 354, 361– 62, 366, 408, 410; forensic paradigm for, 69–77, 104–5, 337, 351, 352, 354, 408; Arminian view of, 71, 77, 329, 338–39n2; holiness prior to, 72–73, 75; and human goodness, 72–73, 76–77; Thomas Aquinas on, 74–75; and imputation, 74–75, 342; and grace, 75–76, 340; and Holy Spirit as new disposition in regenerate person, 76– 77, 84n1; of Old Testament saints, 77–81, 330, 372–408; and perseverance, 81–85, 360–61, 371; and Christian life and practice, 81–100; and repentance, 83; and holiness, 84–85, 329–30, 356–68, 370–71; and good works, 85–86; and obedience, 85–86, 340–41, 364; and God’s end in creation, 100–105; Taylor on, 329, 332– 33, 336–37, 352; and righteousness, 329, 332–38, 340, 344, 345–54, 362–63; and covenants of works and grace, 329–30, 354, 356–68; in New Testament, 332–38, 343–44, 412–13; and Christ’s righteousness, 336, 340, 341, 342, 352, 366–68; Doddridge on, 339n2; Rawlin on, 340, 343; reasonableness of doctrine of, 341– 42, 343, 351–52; Chubb on, 343; by gospel grace, 368–71; qualifications for, 368–71; legal method of, 368–71, 411 Justification by Faith Alone, 62, 63, 67–68, 70–
71, 72, 83–86, 328, 371n9 Justification by works, 86, 412, 413n9. See
also Works
Kidder, Richard, 330, 375, 376, 377, 382,
385, 389, 394, 397, 403 Kindness. See Goodness Kingdom of heaven parables, 483, 490 Kiun-Tse, 403
Knowledge: Locke on, 5, 6; God as knowing,
8, 13–15, 19, 20, 37, 131, 141–42; charity versus, 169; spiritual knowledge, 507–8
Lamb imagery, 265 Language, 232, 250, 272 Lateran Council, Fourth, 22 Latitudinarians, 413 Law: of nature, 41, 45–46, 53–57, 297,
298n1, 300–301, 341–42; Commandments as, 167–68, 338n2, 364, 448, 471– 74, 476–77, 481, 494, 507; Roman law, 337; and Pharisees, 338–39n2; Mosaic law, 338–38n2, 365, 409, 516, 519; obedience required by, 340–41; and justification, 368–71, 411. See also Dispositions Lazarus, 161, 519 Leprosy, 162, 516 Leslie, Charles, 330, 377, 397 Liberty. See Free will Licentiousness, 201 Light imagery, 18, 21, 110, 117, 119, 120,
121, 132, 138–39, 183, 242, 265, 422 “List of Questions for the Young People of
Northampton,” x Locke, John, 5, 6, 11, 226, 226nn9,2, 273,
338n2, 410n5, 485n8, 496, 510n4 Logan, Samuel T., Jr., 69n7 Logos, 55, 110, 120, 141, 375n5, 379, 394,
397. See also Word of God Lombard, Peter, 47, 52, 330 Lombardians, 48 Lord’s Prayer, 242 Lord’s Supper, 463, 486 Love: God as loving, 11, 12, 13–16, 36, 37,
113–14, 121–22, 123, 131–34, 142, 184, 186–87, 194; between God and Christ, 15– 19, 36, 61, 110, 118, 121, 124, 136, 147, 184, 185–88, 385–86; Holy Spirit as love between Father and Son, 16–17, 18, 61, 110, 121, 136, 185–88; God as self-love, 19, 65, 123, 142, 184, 323; grace of charity, 47; between mankind and God, 70, 91, 97–98, 101, 102–3, 123–24, 127–28, 141, 167, 172–75, 229–30, 314, 365, 467–68, 501; Christ’s love of mankind, 89, 260, 359–60; of complacence, 90–93, 95–98, 151–52, 174–75, 327; of benevolence, 90–98, 151– 52, 174–75, 320–24, 326–27; self-love of human beings, 91, 114, 115, 175, 317, 326; and virtue, 93; Holy Spirit as love of God, 123–24, 127–28, 141, 181–87; of brethren, 124–26, 167–68, 172–73, 194, 489, 490–91; of Holy Spirit, 130–31, 140; charity lacking in natural men, 157; saints and divine love, 166–70, 191, 194–95; Commandments on, 167–68; in New Testament, 167–73, 181–87, 194, 420, 442, 489,
490–91; as essence of Christianity, 168–75; and holiness, 170, 359–60, 490–91; reason on divine love, 171–73; meaning of divine love, 173–74; and soul, 250; and faith, 422, 423, 442, 446, 448 Lowance, Mason I., 79 Lowman, Moses, 128–29n2 Lucretius, 249 Lusts, 360, 477, 482–83, 489, 499. See also
Sin Luther, Martin, 48, 62, 75n8 Lyddia, 215
MacLaurin, John, 414, 464–65n1 Mahometans, 246, 249 Malachi, 395 Manasseh, 477 Mankind. See Human nature Manna, 236 Manoah, 381 Manton, Thomas, 414, 485n7, 514 Marriage, 172, 383–84 Martha and Mary, 89, 364, 511–12, 515 Martyrs, 505 Mary (mother of Jesus), 491, 509 Mary and Martha, 89, 364, 511–12, 515 Mastricht, Peter van, 3, 41, 330, 377 Matthew, 162 Mayhew, Jonathan, 4, 330–31, 409n3 McDermott, Gerald R., 77n2, 84n1 Means of grace, 57–62 Mediator: Christ as, 32–33, 34, 78, 143,
339n2, 358, 362, 386–94, 400, 405–8, 435; and Israelites, 78, 79, 80, 386–94, 400, 405–7; Moses as, 339n2 Meekness, 489–90, 513–14 Melchizedek, 398, 406 Menachem, Rabbi, 386 Mercy: of God, 261, 288, 335–36, 344, 348,
354, 363, 428–31, 457, 509; in Old Testament, 347–48, 491–92; as sign of godliness, 491–92 Meshach, 381 Messiah, 80, 140–41, 374, 377, 394–406,
443, 514. See also Jesus Christ; Redemption Metaphysical necessity, 202, 204 Metaphysics, 212–13, 227, 235, 247–48,
274, 275, 423 Milk imagery, 500 “Mind,” 6n1, 8n8, 10, 11, 36n6, 60–61, 123,
131n8 Mind: Locke on, 11; and idea of thing, 12,
114–16; liberty of, 43 Miracles: of Christ, 89, 161, 162–63, 214,
219, 236, 466–67, 486, 511, 514, 517, 518, 519; as types of conversion, 162–63; of apostles, 296, 467; and laws of nature, 297, 298n1
Miscellaneous Observations on Important Theo-
logical Subjects, 200, 223, 239, 410n5, 416 “Miscellanies,” 1, 62, 328, 330, 414, 470n1,
490n6, 520 “Miscellanies” No. o (“Irresistible Grace”),
202 “Miscellanies” No. p (“Infused Grace”), 202 “Miscellanies” No. 27b (“Conversion”), 48,
84n1 “Miscellanies” No. 64 (“Spirit”), 53n1, 55–
56, 57n8 “Miscellanies” No. 66 (“Righteousness”),
12n3 “Miscellanies” No. 68 (“Kingdom of Christ”),
109n1 “Miscellanies” No. 81 (“Communion”),
109n1 “Miscellanies” No. 83 (“Theology”), 211n1 “Miscellanies” No. 93 (“I Am That I Am”),
109n1 “Miscellanies” No. 94 (“Trinity”), 9–11,
12n2, 12nn4, 14, 19n2, 34n9, 109n1 “Miscellanies” No. 96 (“Trinity”), 109n1 “Miscellanies” No. 97 (“Happiness”), 109n1 “Miscellanies” No. 103 (“Incarnation”),
109n1 “Miscellanies” No. 104 (“End of the Cre-
ation”), 15–16, 36n8, 109n1 “Miscellanies” No. 107(b) (“Grace”), 6n8,
13n8, 36n7 “Miscellanies” No. 108 (“Excellency of
Christ”), 109n1 “Miscellanies” No. 117 (“Trinity”), 8n8, 10,
20n4, 109n1 “Miscellanies” No. 119 (“Types”), 109n1 “Miscellanies” No. 135 (“Deity”), 22n2, 23 “Miscellanies” No. 143 (“Trinity”), 25 “Miscellanies” No. 181 (“Heaven”), 211n1 “Miscellanies” No. 182 (“Heaven”), 84n1 “Miscellanies” No. 184 (“Union, Spiritual”),
211n1 “Miscellanies” No. 194 (“God”), 14n1 “Miscellanies” No. 220 (“Grace. Holy
Spirit”), 40n7 “Miscellanies” No. 241 (“Regeneration”),
7n3, 39n6, 40n8 “Miscellanies” No. 247 (“Glory of God”),
35n3 “Miscellanies” No. 308 (“Trinity”), 11n1, 27 “Miscellanies” No. 370 (“Trinity”), 18 “Miscellanies” No. 375 (“Spirit’s Witness”),
426, 488n3, 490n6 “Miscellanies” No. 376 (“Trinity”), 100n9 “Miscellanies” No. 397 (“Conversion. Spiri-
tual Knowledge”), 39n6, 41n1 “Miscellanies” No. 402 (“Work of Redemp-
tion. Wisdom of God in Redemption. Spirit of God”), 32–33
“Miscellanies” No. 417 (“Free Grace”), 428 “Miscellanies” No. 448 (“End of the Cre-
ation”), 32 “Miscellanies” No. 481 (“Spirit’s Opera-
tion”), 56 “Miscellanies” No. 494 (“Free Grace”),
438 “Miscellanies” No. 530 (“Love to God. Self-
Love”), 91, 92, 98 “Miscellanies” No. 539 (“Means of Grace”),
21n9, 58n2 “Miscellanies” No. 553 (“End of the Cre-
ation”), 37n9 “Miscellanies” No. 583 (“Christian Religion.
Mysteries”), 211n1 “Miscellanies” No. 614 (“Wisdom of God in
the Work of Redemption”), 33n7 “Miscellanies” No. 621 (“Christ’s Agony in
the Garden”), 109n1 “Miscellanies” No. 629 (“Means of Grace”),
50–51, 57, 58n1 “Miscellanies” No. 652 (“Christian Religion.
Mysteries in Religion”), 211n1 “Miscellanies” No. 654 (“Mysteries of Reli-
gion. Absolute Decrees. Original Sin, etc.”), 211n1 “Miscellanies” No. 657 (“Free Will”), 266 “Miscellanies” No. 662 (“End of the Cre-
ation. Glory of God”), 37n4 “Miscellanies” No. 695 (“Perseverance”), 83 “Miscellanies” No. 765 (“Mysteries of Reli-
gion”), 211n1 “Miscellanies” No. 770 (“Mysteries), 211n1 “Miscellanies” No. 782 (“Ideas. Sense of the
Heart. Spiritual Knowledge or Conviction. Faith”), 64n9 “Miscellanies” No. 790 (“Signs of Godli-
ness”), 476n1 “Miscellanies” No. 839 (“Mysteries in Reli-
gion”), 211n1 “Miscellanies” No. 855 (“Justification. Faith
Condition of Salvation”), 442n1 “Miscellanies” No. 859 (“Justification”),
485n3 “Miscellanies” No. 860 (“How Works Are
Proper Signs of Godliness”), 485n3 “Miscellanies” No. 862 (“Humiliation”),
510n2 “Miscellanies” No. 891 (“Prophecies of the
Messiah”), 140n7 “Miscellanies” No. 922 (“Prophecies of the
Messiah”), 140n7 “Miscellanies” No. 958 (“Works of God, How
All Wrought Through Christ. God Created the World by His Son”), 33n8 “Miscellanies” No. 964 (“Mysteries”), 211n1 “Miscellanies” No. 1030 (“Covenants. Justifi-
cation by Faith”), 354
“Miscellanies” No. 1062 (“Economy of the
Trinity and Covenant of Redemption”), 15n3, 27–28, 30–31, 32, 111, 145 “Miscellanies” No. 1067 (“Prophecies of the
Messiah”), 140n7 “Miscellanies” No. 1068 (“Fulfillment of the
Prophecies of the Messiah”), 330, 394–95, 401n6 “Miscellanies” No. 1082 (“End of the Cre-
ation”), 99 “Miscellanies” No. 1105 (“Trinity”), 21 “Miscellanies” No. 1120 (“Faith in Christ the
Condition of Salvation”), 448n6 “Miscellanies” No. 1156 (“Observations on
the Agreeableness of the Christian Religion to Reason”), 441n9 “Miscellanies” No. 1208 (“End of the Cre-
ation. Glory of God. Nature of Redemption. Satisfaction of Christ. Nature of True Virtue and Religion”), 312, 314 “Miscellanies” No. 1218, 8n6, 36n5, 37n2,
99n6 “Miscellanies” No. 1249 (“Trinity”), 375 “Miscellanies” No. 1256 (“Trinity”), 376n6 “Miscellanies” No. 1263 (“God’s Immediate
and Arbitrary Operation”), 45–46, 53– 55, 57, 305 “Miscellanies” No. 1341, 466n3 “Miscellanies” No. 1351 (“Extracts of the
Travels of Cyrus”), 403n7 “Miscellanies” No. 1353 (“The Two Disposi-
tions Compared, That Under Moses and That Under Christ”), 364 “Miscellanies” No. 1354, 77n2, 330 “Miscellanies” No. 1357, 411n6 “Miscellanies” No. 1360, 329 “Miscellanies” No. 1361, 329–30, 354n4 “Miscellanies” No. 1362, 330, 372n1 Misery of damned. See Hell Mishpat, 349–51 Mithras, 403 Mixed operations of God, 54 Mohammed. See Mahometans “Moral Agency” notebook. See “Efficacious
Grace” notebooks Moral difficulty, 252 Moral evil. See Evil Moral fitness, 68–69, 86, 354, 366 Moral good. See Goodness Moral inability, 205, 288–89 Moral necessity, 43, 202, 251–52, 272, 275 Moral propensities, 251–52 Moral taste, 312, 314, 316–19, 327 Moral virtue, See also Virtue Morimoto, Anri, 48n2, 52 Mosaic law, 338n2, 365, 409, 516, 519 Moses, 240–41, 339n2, 373, 379, 381, 388–
89, 404, 442, 509
Munk, Linda, 330n2 Mysteries, 9, 134, 139–40, 211, 226
Name of God, 376–78, 379, 388, 391–92,
397, 406–7 Nathaniel, 486 Natural difficulty, 252 Natural fitness/suitableness, 68–69, 77,
339–40, 354, 361–62, 366, 408, 410 Natural inability, 205 Natural men: and flesh versus spirit, 154–55,
176, 192–94; versus spiritual men, 154– 60, 180, 192; Spirit of God lacking in, 155–57; definition of, 156; charity lacking in, 157; grace lacking in, 158–59; as sinners, 159; as dead, 160, 163; and common grace, 179–80; and Holy Spirit, 192; and reason, 214; moral taste of, 312, 314, 316– 19, 327; perception of beauty by, 314–15. See also Human nature Natural necessity, 43, 251–52, 272 Natural notions, 225 Natural operations of God, 54 Natural propensities, 251–52 Nature: law of, 41, 45–46, 53–57, 297,
298n1, 300–301, 341–42; efficacious grace as beyond laws of, 45–46; God’s operations and laws of, 53–56, 297–98, 300–301; and immediacy of Holy Spirit’s infusion of grace, 53–57; hierarchy of being in, 55. See also Human nature Nature of True Virtue, 90–98, 151, 152, 312,
319n6 “Nature of True Virtue” (“Controversies”
notebook): original manuscript of, xi, 312; summary of content of, 35, 90–91, 96–97, 150n4, 312–13; dating of, 312; editor’s introduction to, 312–13; text of, 314–27; and JE’s plan for three-part treatise, 316n7 Nebuchadnezzar, 381, 445 Necessity: moral, 43, 202, 251–52, 272, 275;
natural, 43, 251–52, 272; metaphysical, 202, 204; freedom from physical, 227; and relation to opposition, 229; and wicked disposition, 288–89; and cause, 289 Neville, Robert C., 16n7 New Testament: and Trinity, 34, 117–26; on
Christ as example of Christian practice, 88–89; miracles in, 89, 161, 162–63, 214, 219, 236, 466–67, 486, 511–19, 514, 517; on Christ as idea of God, 118–21; Holy Spirit in, 121–26, 128–30, 136–37, 139– 40, 144, 176, 178–96; on grace, 154–73, 204, 205, 218–19, 306; on conversion, 159–64, 161–64, 296–97; on keeping Christ’s commandments, 167–68, 448, 471–73, 507; on love, 167–73, 181–87, 194, 420, 442, 489, 490–91; God’s
promises in, 216, 243, 367; on free will, 227–28; on efficacious grace, 240–43, 251, 255–67, 303–6; parables in, 256, 259, 405–6, 480, 483, 484–58n3, 490, 492, 503; on boasting, 280–83, 299; on righteousness, 329, 332–35, 337–38; on justification, 332–38, 343–44, 412–13; Messiah in, 396–97; on faith, 417, 419–23, 428, 431, 432, 436–40, 442–450, 452–53, 455, 456, 459–64, 466; on holiness, 471– 75, 477–509; on good works, 473–77; on obedience, 477–79; on perseverance, 479–82; on mortifying sensual and fleshly lusts, 482; on self-denial, 483–84; on bridling and well-using tongues, 485–86; on belief of difficult Christian doctrines, 486–87; on hungering and thirsting after spiritual good, 487–88; on having Christ’s Spirit, 488–89; on meek and forgiving spirit and practice, 489–90; on mercy, 491–92; on belief in Christ as Son of God, 492; on faithfulness to God, 492–93; on observance of outward moral duties, 493– 94; on choosing and resting in God and Christ, 495–96; on change from sin to God, 496–502; on humility, 502–5; on boldly confessing Christ before men, 505; on spiritually seeing and knowing God and Christ and understanding divine things, 505–7; on spiritual knowledge, 507–8. See also Jesus Christ; and specific persons Newton, Isaac, 5, 6 Nicea, Council of, 2–3, 4, 22 Nicene Creed, 4 Nicodemus, 154, 487, 519 Nineveh, 211 Noah, 127, 183, 184, 236, 381 Northampton church, 87, 469 “Notes on Conversion from Various Au-
thors,” x, 511 “Notes on Knowledge and Existence,” x “Notes on Scripture,” 372–73n3, 417n4,
428n4, 440, 478n7, 481
Obedience: of Christ, 63, 102, 337; and sin-
ners’ acquittal, 71; and justification, 81– 86, 340–41, 364; God’s reward for, 85–86; and Adam, 86; and efficacious grace, 233– 34; and elect, 265; Stebbing on, 286–87; and faith, 440–41, 445–46, 460–61; to prince or ruler, 445; and sincerity, 475; in New Testament, 477–79; in Old Testament, 477–79; as sign of godliness, 477– 79; and perseverance, 479–82 “Observations Concerning Faith,” 416 Observations Concerning the Scripture Econ-
omy of the Trinity and Covenant of Redemption, 111
“Observations Concerning the Scripture Oe-
conomy of the Trinity, and Covenant of Redemption,” 28–31 “Of Atoms,” 53–54 Of Christ Crucified (Hurrion), 117 Offerings. See Sacrifices “Of Free Will,” x, 225n5, 290n8, 294n3 “Of the Meaning of the Words ‘Righteous,’
‘Righteousness,’ Etc. in the Old Testament,” 329, 335–36, 345–54 Oil imagery and anointing, 127–28, 136,
142, 157, 183–84, 187, 190, 503 Old and New Testament connected in the history of
the Jews and neighbouring nations (Prideaux), 387n8 Old Testament: Jehovah in, 21, 235, 322,
373, 374, 382, 394–95, 407; on judgment, 70, 346–51; Trinity in, 77–78, 374–76; on jus-tification, 77–81, 330, 372–408; saints of, 77–81, 330, 372–408; sacrifices in, 78–80, 390–94, 398–406; on atonement, 78–81, 392, 397–406; Christ as Wisdom in, 119–20; Holy Spirit in, 122, 123–29, 138, 139, 176, 179, 183, 184, 187, 190, 192, 196; on grace, 204; God’s promises in, 216–17, 243–46, 367; on free will, 227; on efficacious grace, 240–41, 243– 46, 252–55; on boasting, 299; on righteousness, 329, 336, 345–54, 407, 475; knowledge of Christ in, 330; on mercy, 347–48, 491–92; Messiah in, 374, 377, 394–406; on faith, 419–23, 433, 438, 440, 442–43, 445, 447–56, 459–60, 462–65, 468; on holiness, 474, 476, 478–85, 487– 504, 506, 508–10; on good works, 474– 77; on obedience, 477–79; on perseverance, 479–82; on mortifying sensual and fleshly lusts, 482–83; on self-denial, 483– 84; on bridling and well-using tongues, 485; on hungering and thirsting after spiritual good, 487–88; on meek and forgiving spirit and practice, 489–90; on love, 491; on faithfulness to God, 492–93; on sincerity, 493; on choosing and resting in God and Christ, 495; on change from sin to God, 496–502; on humility, 502–4; on spiritually seeing and knowing God and Christ and understanding divine things, 506–7; on spiritual knowledge, 508. See also Covenant; Israel and Israelites; Prophecies and prophets; and specific persons Onkelos, 385n3, 389n4 “On the Equality of the Persons of the Trin-
ity,” x, 18–19, 24, 30, 34, 110n4, 145–48, 188n4 Original sin, 150, 205, 229, 279, 498, 501
Original Sin, 151, 329 Orpheus, 144n6 Orus, 403, 404 Osiris, 403 “Outline of ‘A Rational Account’,” x Owen, John, 330, 408
Papists. See Roman Catholic Church Parables, 256, 259, 405–6, 480, 483, 484–
58n3, 490, 492, 503 Paraphrase with Notes on the Epistle to the Ro-
mans (Taylor), 199, 257n9 Paraphrasts, 385n3, 400 Park, Edwards A., 111 Parmenides, 127n8 Passover, 519 Paul: on grace, 62; on justification, 62, 69,
86; on Trinity, 110; salutations of epistles by, 130, 186; on love, 182; and Lyddia, 215; and Galatians, 220n7; as minister, 259, 283n4; conversion of, 260, 296, 297; and righteousness, 333; and Jews, 446 Pauw, Amy Plantinga, 11n9, 13n7, 19n1, 23,
25n3, 31n8 Peace of conscience, 428–31 Peacock, Virginia A., 91n9 Pelagians, 111, 177, 247, 249 People of God Considered as All Righteous (Ers-
kine), 423n4 Perichoresis (inter-dwelling) of Trinity, 26, 27 Perseverance: and justification, 81–85, 360–
61, 371; in faith, 83–84; of saints, 83–84; difference between persons with and without perseverance, 160–61n7; and efficacious grace, 233–34; and holiness, 475, 479–82; and obedience, 479–82 Persevering Faith, 470n1 Persians, 403 Personal Narrative, 101, 511 Peter, 162, 215, 220nn7, 256, 303, 404, 405,
494, 504, 519 Pharisees, 157, 211, 299, 333, 339n2, 409,
503, 505, 515, 519 Philip, 118, 419 Philistines, 484 Philo, 375–76nn5–6, 377, 382, 385, 389,
394, 397, 400 Phoenicians, 403 Piety, 4, 87, 101, 102, 292, 406, 517 Pity, 324 Plato, 127n8 Pleasure. See Happiness Poole, Matthew, 127n8, 330, 386n6, 408 Power: as disposition, 14; free will and hu-
man power, 226; self-determining power, 228, 247–48, 251, 268–69, 274–75, 290; of God, 260–61, 289–90, 302–5, 428
Practical Commentary, on an Exposition with
Notes on the Epistle of James (Manton), 485n7 Prayer, 143, 226, 242, 267, 271, 287, 376,
387–88, 390–93, 437, 438–39 Predestination, 227 Presumption of sinners, 45, 291, 300 Preventing grace, 284–87 Pride, 280–83, 290, 298–99, 363. See also
Self-righteousness Prideaux, Humphrey, 387 Priesthood of Christ, 358, 360, 394, 422, 435 Principles of Moral Philosophy (Turnbull), 315,
410n5 Principles of Natural and Revealed Religion
(Warburton), 291 Prodigal son parable, 503 Promises: of God, 215–17, 232, 242–46,
271–72, 367, 420; of Christ, 425 Propensities. See Dispositions Prophecies and prophets, 236, 243, 330,
388, 394–97, 401–2, 422, 515. See also specific prophets Proportion, 7–8, 60. See also Beauty Prosperous State of the Christian Interest Before the
End of Time (Howe), 124–25, 182 Psychological analogy of Trinity, 11, 12–13,
19 Publican, parable of, 503 Punishment of sinners. See Hell; Sinners Puritan theology, 4, 22–23, 39, 89 Python, 404
Quakers, 230 Quarles, Francis, 378n3
Ramsay, A. M., 376n6 Ramsey, Paul, 94n6, 95n9, 150, 152 “Rational Account of the Main Doctrines of
the Christian Religion Attempted,” 11 Rawlin, Richard, 340, 342, 343 Reality, 5–10, 13 Reasonableness of Christianity (Locke), 338n2 Reason and reasonableness: of Trinity, 10,
131–32; of divine love, 171–73; of Judgment Day, 207; and natural men, 214; and Arminian views, 234, 273; of justification by faith, 341–42, 343, 351–52 Rebekah, 504 Redemption: Christ’s role in, 29, 32–33, 34,
63, 189–91, 240, 242–45, 263–64, 340, 342, 357–60, 362, 363, 365–66, 384–85, 400–408, 492; and Holy Spirit, 29–30, 32–35, 39, 51, 135–38, 189–91; and Trinity, 29–30, 32–35, 39, 135–38, 189–91; God’s work of, 29–31, 32–35, 38, 39, 46, 76, 135–38, 189–91; and primacy of
God’s will, 38; God’s choice of Redeemer, 39, 136; need of, and fallenness of creation, 40; as unmerited, 72; as end of work of creation, 102–3; man’s boasting about, 280–83; faith in Christ as Savior, 422, 427–37, 442–43, 446–47, 463–64, 468. See also Conversion “Reflections.” See “Miscellanies” headings Reformed scholastics, 3, 6, 22–23, 24, 41 Regeneration, 486, 498. See also Conversion;
Grace Religion. See Christianity Religious Affections, 38, 49, 52, 60, 62, 64n9,
65–66, 87, 88, 90, 109, 150, 469 Remarks on Important Theological Controversies,
292, 293 Remonstrants, 228 Repentance, 83, 211–12, 215, 220n7, 318,
504 Resurrection: of Christ, 46, 260–61, 265,
304, 498; conversion compared with, 160, 163–64; of the dead, 161, 163–64, 226, 261, 302, 303, 335, 498 Revelation, 214 Revivals. See Great Awakening Richardson, Herbert W., 31n8 Righteousness: in New Testament, 70, 329,
332–35, 337–38; in Old Testament, 70, 329, 336, 345–54, 407, 475; and judgment, 70, 346–52; and sinners’ acquittal, 71; of Christ, 74–75, 105, 142, 336, 340, 341, 342, 352, 358–59, 366–68, 423; of God, 329, 335–36, 344, 348, 353–54, 422; and justification, 329, 332–38, 340, 344, 345–54, 362–63; Taylor on, 329; Pharisaic righteousness, 409; of Abraham, 412; self-righteousness, 431–32; and faith, 463; falling of righteous men from, 475 Rimmon, 478 Robe, Mr., 226 Rock image of Christ, 380, 384–85, 407 Roman Catholic Church, 212–13, 234, 246,
464 Romans, 337 “Rough Notes on the Truth of the Christian
Religion,” x
Sabellians, 111 “Sacrament Book I,” 198n1 Sacraments. See Baptism; Lord’s Supper Sacrifices, 78–80, 102, 358, 390–94, 398–
406, 408–9, 464, 468 Saints: and Holy Spirit, 40, 41, 52, 62–63,
71–72, 129–30, 185, 186, 188, 193–97; and God’s self-love, 65; holiness of, 71–72, 195, 197; justification of, in Old Testament, 77–81, 330, 372–408; perseverance
Saints (continued)
of, 83–84; judgment of others by, 90n7; as active subjects, 99; and God’s end in creation, 99; and Trinity, 99–100; love of God by, 104; communion of, 129–30, 158–59, 188; compared with natural men, 154–60; as partakers of divine nature, 155–56; anointing of, 157; and grace, 165–66, 191, 193–97, 336; and divine love, 166– 70, 191, 194–95, 264; as spiritual persons, 192; God’s joy fulfilled in, 195; as temples of Holy Spirit, 195; and union with Christ, 195; happiness of, 197; in heaven, 197; praise of God by, 206, 336; God’s praise of, 219; and repentance, 220n7; righteousness of, 333; and God’s justice, 353; profession of faith by, 494. See also Heaven; Redemption Salvation. See Mediator; Redemption Samaritans, 89, 477, 488, 519 Sanctification, 86, 88, 123–26, 176, 218,
376, 458. See also Holiness Sapphira, 484 Satan, 208, 218, 248, 480, 505, 516. See also
Devils Satisfaction of Christ, 340, 428–31, 435 Saul, 179, 477 Saving grace, 150, 153–75, 179–80, 291,
292, 294–95n5, 300–301 Saving virtue, 291, 292, 300–301 Savior. See Mediator; Redemption Schafer, Thomas A., 40, 100–101, 104–5,
109, 415, 469, 511 Scharlemann, Robert P., 47–48, 74 Scholastics, 3, 6, 22–23, 24, 41, 48 Science, 5, 6 Scientific and Philosophical Writings, x Scriptures. See Bible; New Testament; Old
Testament Seed imagery for grace, 52 Self-denial, 483–84 Self-determination, 228, 247–48, 251, 268–
69, 274–75, 290 Self-love: God as, 19, 65, 123, 142, 184, 323;
of human beings, 91, 114, 115, 175, 317, 326 Self-righteousness, 431–32 Self-sufficiency, 363–64 Sergeant, Rev. John, 227n5 Sermons by JE, 142n4, 149, 234, 432–
33nn8–9, 484–85n3, 493n5, 509–10, 518nn Sermons of the Following Subjects (Clarke),
227n5 Sermons Upon the Following Subjects (Mayhew),
330–31, 409n3 Serpents, 404
Several Discourses Preached at the Temple Church
(Sherlock), 466–68 Seward, William, 415 Shadrach, 381 Shaphat, 350 Sheba, 482 Shechem, 445 Shechinah, 128n2, 330, 376, 378, 379, 386,
387, 395 Sheep imagery. See Shepherd and sheep im-
agery Shepherd and sheep imagery, 256–58, 264,
266–67, 285, 285n8, 384, 388, 402, 493, 498 Sherlock, Thomas, 414, 466–68 Short and Easy Method with the Jews (Leslie), 330 “Signs of Godliness,” x, 87–88, 469–510,
511, 520 Silas, 446 Simeon, 335 Simeon, Rabbi, 403 Simplicity doctrine, 22–23, 24, 26 Sin: evil of, 70, 357–58, 365, 457; against
Holy Spirit, 147; original, 150, 205, 229, 279, 498, 501; God as author of, 207, 225; Whitby on, 210, 211; Arminian view of, 211, 234, 277, 279–80; blame for wrong choices, 224–25; nature of, 230–31; of Adam, 279; and moral inability, 288–89; and moral taste, 316; righteousness versus, 337; and lusts, 360, 477, 482–83, 489, 499; temptation to, 360, 516; of Israelites, 391, 397–400; and guilt of conscience, 428–31; list of sins, 477, 489; change from to God as sign of godliness, 496–502; of heart, 522; and judging of persons’ experiences, 522–23. See also Conviction; Evil; Sinners; and specific sins Sincerity, 292, 305–11, 474–75, 480, 493–
94, 510 “Sinner Is Not Justified in the Sight of God
Except Through the Righteousness of Christ Obtained by Faith” (Master’s Quæstio), 62, 63, 328 Sinners: despair of, 45, 291, 300; presump-
tion of, 45, 291, 300; guilt of, 70–71, 85; imperfect holiness of, 71; obedience of, 71; holiness lacking in, 159; stubbornness and lack of repentance of, 211–12; as dead in sin, 214, 277, 303–4, 478, 482, 500, 501; and blame for wrong choices, 224– 25; and desires of the flesh, 248; and moral inability, 288–89; as children of devil, 297; justification of, 337; punishment of, 357–58; self-righteousness of, 431–32; humility of, 502–5. See also Conviction; Evil; Hell; Repentance; Sin
Smyth, E. C., 28, 111 Social analogy of Trinity, 11, 12–13, 19, 21 Socinians, 4, 177, 247, 249 Sodom, 211, 374 Solomon, 183, 393 Soul: and moral necessity, 43; voluntary na-
ture of, 43; as image of Trinity, 110, 138; and divine love, 173–74; renewal of, by Holy Spirit, 176, 195–96; and understanding, 178–79; and loving, 250; and faith, 423–24, 426, 428, 433–34, 436, 437, 440, 444–45, 460, 465; and hungering and thirsting after spiritual good, 487–88 Sovereignty of God, 509 Sower parable, 484–85n3 Special grace, 212 Spiritual beauty, 318 Spiritual experiences, judging of, 520–24 Spiritual knowledge, 507–8 Spiritual understanding, 178–80 Stackhouse, Thomas, 289 Stapfer, Johan, 330, 413 Stead, Christopher, 23 Stebbing, Henry, 41, 199, 208, 213, 215–19,
233–34, 239, 241n3, 243, 245, 253, 255, 266–70, 275–78, 283–87 Stillingfleet, Edward, 5 Stockbridge, Mass., 227n5 Stoddard, Solomon, 40 Stoics, 249 Stratford, Conn., 227n5 Strength of God, 380–81, 389, 443 Substance, 2, 3, 5, 6, 20–22 Sufferings: of Christ, 63, 104, 362, 400–406,
435, 484, 518; and self-denial, 484 Sun imagery, 18, 21, 52, 110, 138, 142, 378,
380, 386 Synopsis criticorum (Poole), 386, 408
Talents, parable of, 490, 492 Targums, 375, 385, 389 Taylor, John, 199, 218, 229, 257, 329, 332–
33, 336–37, 352 Temper. See Dispositions Temptation to sin, 360, 516 Ten Commandments. See Commandments Tendencies. See Dispositions Thales, 127n8 Theologica Elenctica (Alting), 227, 228, 230n8 Theophylact, 303 Theoretica-Practica Theologia (van Mastricht),
330 Thesidas, 422 Thirsting and hungering after spiritual good,
487–88 Thomas (apostle), 486 Thomas Aquinas: influence of, on JE gener-
ally, 1; on Trinity, 3, 11; on God’s nature, 14, 105; on grace, 47–48, 52, 62, 74; on faith, 74; on virtues, 74; on justification, 74–75 Thorndike, Herbert, 206 Threefold Work of the Holy Ghost, 64n9 Titus, 260, 267 Torments of hell. See Hell Transubstantiation, 212–13, 234, 246 Treatise Concerning the Operations of the Holy
Spirit (Stebbing), 199, 208n8, 213, 215– 19, 233–34, 241n3, 243, 245, 255, 266n4, 268nn6–7, 269n9, 275–76nn6,8, 283n4, 284–85nn5,6,8 “Treatise on Grace”: original manuscript of,
x; summary of content of, 38, 48–49, 52– 53, 90–92, 94, 98; and “Discourse on the Trinity,” 109, 124n1, 152, 188n4; publication of, 149, 150; textual accuracy of, 149, 151; editor’s introduction to, 149–52; dating of, 150; text of, 153–97; and JE’s plan for three-part treatise, 292 Tree, branch, and vine imagery, 190, 214,
244, 258, 283, 395, 397, 398, 399, 413, 438, 449, 471, 486 Trent, Council of, 48 Trinitarian Controversy (1690s), 4, 5 Trinity: immanent and economic, 2–3, 9, 18,
31–34; Eastern church on, 2–4, 11, 17, 25, 32; traditional Christian doctrine and JE’s context on, 2–6, 21–22; Thomas Aquinas on, 3, 11; Augustine on, 3, 11, 17–18, 20n5, 26, 33; connection of, with Christian life, 3–4, 31; anti-trinitarian challenges to, 4–5; practical Trinitarianism and JE, 4; and God’s self-communication, 6, 8–9, 13, 15, 16, 19, 20, 30–32, 36, 99; and plurality and relationality of God, 8, 10–11; and dispositional nature of God, 8–10, 13, 16–17, 20, 57–58; as mystery, 9, 134, 139–40; Scripture on, 9–10, 34, 77– 78, 110, 117–44, 374–76; as reasonable idea, 10, 131–32; and real distinctions within God, 10–20, 146–48, 181; and God as loving, 11, 12, 13–16, 113–14, 121–22, 131–34, 142; psychological analogy of, 11, 12–13, 19; social analogy of, 11, 12–13, 19, 21; and idea of God, 11–12, 117–21, 131; analogies of, 11–13, 18, 19, 21; God the Father in, 13–15, 14–647, 17–19, 21, 24, 25–29, 131, 143, 146–48; Son as begotten of Father in, 15, 19, 28, 99, 135, 142, 147, 185; love between God and Christ in, 15–19, 36, 61, 110, 121, 124, 136, 140, 184, 185–88; Holy Spirit as love between Father and Son, 16–17, 18, 61, 110, 121, 136, 185–88; relationship of
Trinity (continued)
Holy Spirit to Father and Son in, 16–19, 24, 25–31, 36, 39, 61, 99–101, 131–38, 142–44, 146–48; Holy Spirit as proceeding from Father, 17, 27, 28, 99, 135, 142, 143, 146, 185–86; Christ as Word of God, 17–18, 185, 375n5; active role of Holy Spirit in, 18, 19, 33–34, 110, 123–26, 131; sun imagery of, 18, 21, 110, 138–39, 142; equality and economy among persons of, 18–19, 20, 27–31, 110, 135–38, 145–48, 189; Turretin on, 19n2; triplicity within God, 19–20, 374; unity and threeness of triune God, 20–27, 110, 181; and essence of God, 21, 22–27, 147–48; Boethius on, 21–22; and simplicity doctrine, 22–23, 24, 26; Father as “fountain of the Godhead” in, 25–26, 61, 135, 143, 147; perichoresis (inter-dwelling) of three persons of, 26, 27; and redemption, 29–30, 32–35, 39, 135–38; appropriations doctrine on, 33; and creation, 35–38; covenant or agreement of, 39; and grace, 39; images of, 52, 110, 129, 138–39; and Christian practice, 99–100; and saints, 99–100; Paul on, 110; soul as image of, 110, 138; Christ as idea of God in, 117–21, 131; Christ as wisdom in, 119–20, 140–42, 144n6, 148, 183, 185; Holy Spirit as love of God, 123–24, 127– 28, 141, 181–87; objections to JE’s discussion of, 132–34, 139–40, 409–10, 413; Holy Spirit as distinct “person” within, 181; Holy Spirit as fullness of God, 187–89. See also God; Holy Spirit; Jesus Christ; Mediator Triplicity within God, 19–20, 374. See also
Trinity Trommius, Abraham, 335 True grace. See Saving grace True virtue. See Virtue Trust: in Christ, 360, 406–8, 419–20, 435,
439–40, 442–45, 462, 465–66; in God, 419–20, 445, 447–56, 465, 467–68, 495; in Moses, 442; in prince or ruler, 445. See also Faith; Hope Truth, reception of, 426–28 Truth of Christian Religion (Grotius), 127, 400,
403 Truth of the Christian Religion ( J. Clarke),
400n3 Turnbull, George, 41, 291, 295–98, 312,
315, 410n5 Turretin, Francis, 3, 19n2, 23, 41, 246n3,
344 Types: of Christ, 79–81, 183, 330, 406; of
Isaac, 79–80, 406; of Holy Spirit, 127–28, 184; of Judas, 161n7; of conversion, 162–
63; in Old Testament generally, 406; of flying out of sin, 422, 484nn1; of church, 491; of Mary (mother of Jesus), 491; of believer’s love of Christ, 503n2 “Types of the Messiah,” 81 Tzaddik, Tzedhek, 335, 346–51
Uncreated grace (gratia increatia), 46–48 Understanding. See Spiritual understanding Unity of God, 20–27, 110, 181. See also Trin-
ity Uzziah, 480
Various Discourses on Important Subjects, 211n9 Vindication of some truths of natural and revealed
religion (Brine), 411n6 Vine imagery. See Tree, branch, and vine im-
agery Vineyard parable, 259 Virgin Mary. See Mary (mother of Jesus) Virgins, 265, 397, 480 Virtue: Thomas Aquinas on, 74; and benevo-
lence and complacence, 90–98, 151–52, 174–75, 312, 319–24, 326–27; nature of true virtue, 90–98, 230–31, 312–27; and love and beauty, 93, 97, 316–17; and Being, 93–94, 95–97; and Holy Spirit, 197; natural notions of, 205; moral good versus, 209; and indifference, 219, 221, 236, 242; Arminian view of, 219–21, 227, 237, 242, 274, 299–300; as gift of God, 225, 236– 38, 275, 288; determining disposing cause of, 236–37, 275; excellency of virtuous men, 249, 363, 428; as fruit of Holy Spirit, 260, 489–92; and grace, 267; Stebbing on, 269–70, 285–86; first virtue, 269–72; habits of, 291; saving virtue, 291, 292, 300–301; common virtue, 292; Turnbull on, 297; moral taste versus, 312, 314, 316– 19, 327; and conscience, 312, 316, 317– 18, 322, 327; God’s infinite virtue, 312, 322–23; and happiness, 312–13, 324–26; reward for, 315; righteousness as, 336. See also Holiness; and specific virtues Vitringa, 412
Warburton, William, 291, 296 Ward, Keith, 16n7 Water imagery, 126, 128, 129, 137, 184–85,
187, 190, 227, 254, 422, 430, 487–88 Watts, Emily S., 25n3 Watts, Isaac, 199, 221, 221–22n3, 272n5,
338n2 Whitby, Daniel, 41, 199, 201, 203, 205–8,
210–12, 215–16, 220, 230, 284, 291, 294 Whitefield, George, 415 Wickedness. See Evil; Sin; Sinners
Will. See Free will Wilson, John F., 80–81, 100 Wilson-Kastner, Patricia, 25n3 Wind imagery, 129, 196 Wisdom, Christ as, 119–20, 140–42, 144n6,
148, 183, 185 Wisdom the First Spring of Action in the Deity
(Grove), 324 Wise virgins parable, 480 Wollebius, Johannes, 23 Woman of Canaan, 503 Word of God, 17–18, 58, 59–60, 185,
375n5, 379, 389, 394, 397, 460, 509. See also Logos Works: Arminian view of, 45; and grace, 45;
covenant of, 81–82, 329–30, 338n2, 354, 356–68; excellency of, 85; and union with Christ, 85–86; and justification, 85–86, 354, 356–68, 412, 413n9; and signs of godliness, 87–88, 473–77; and God’s glory, 105; and faith, 219; and sincerity, 474–75, 494; and voluntary actions, 474– 76; in Old Testament, 474–77; and faithfulness to God, 492–93 World. See Creation Wrath of God. See Anger Wright, Conrad, 4
Zebedee, 162 Zechariah, 140n7, 395, 480