General Index
aberration of starlight, 38
B-Theory, see static theory of time
absolute becoming, see temporal becoming
Builder, Geoffrey, 215
absolute motion, 34-35, 38, 41, 48-49, 57,
Buller, David J., 164
172,173,175,176
Butterfield, Jeremy, 122
absolute space, 33-35, 41-43, 45, 48-49,
56-58, 63, 93
Campolo, Anthony, 24
absolute time, 25, 33-34, 38-39, 43-54, 63-66,
Cantor, G. N., 225
74, 77, 151, 154, 162, 174, 231
Capek, Milic, 188, 198
actual infinite, 221-233
Carrier, Martin, 176-177
aether, 37-43, 47, 51, 55-57, 93, 176
Carter, William, 216
aether drag, 38
Castañeda, Hector-Neri, 113
aether wind, 57
change
Alston, William P., 71, 113
extrinsic, 31, 87-88, 97, 111
Amundsen, D. W., 177
intrinsic, 31, 87, 97, 110, 148-149, 200-
anisotropy of time, 160-161, 184
210,215
Anthropic Principle, 177
changelessness, 32, 94
Aristotle, 157
Charnock, Stephen, 246-247
Arndt, W. F., 19
Chisholm, Roderick M., 129
arrow of time, see time: direction of
chronons, 158-159
Arzeliès, Henri, 95, 180
Clarke, Samuel, 230
A-series, 193
classical concept of time, 44, 66
A-Theory, see dynamic theory of time
Cleugh, Mary F., 185, 215
asymmetry of time, see time: asymmetry of
clock retardation, see time dilation
Augustine, 14, 157, 261
clock synchronization, 49, 53-54, 241
Coburn, Robert C., 82-83
backward causation, 72, 236, 262-263
Collins, Robin, 50, 177
Balashov, Yuri, 54, 151, 169, 215
conventionalism, see metric conventionalism
Barbour, Ian, 212
Conway, David, 228
Barr, James, 17, 20
Copan, Paul, 211, 212, 216
Barrow, John D., 50, 218, 219
correspondence, view of truth as, 117, 125,
basic beliefs, 131-136, 139
251
Bauer, Walter, 19
cosmic time, see time: cosmic
beginning of the universe, 212, 217
cosmology, 21, 50, 56, 62, 64-65
beginning of time, see time: beginning of
quantum, 50
behavior linked to tensed beliefs, 118
Craig, William Lane, 11, 12, 75, 102, 112,
Bell, J. S., 55, 56
113, 164, 165, 177, 212, 216, 221, 223,
Bell’s Theorem, 54-57, 176-177
224, 225, 228, 236, 237, 244, 263
Bergson, Henri, 159
creatio ex nihilo, 50, 210-215
Besso, Michael, 69
creation, 16-20, 25, 65-66, 78, 81, 84, 86-89,
Big Bang, 21, 56, 62, 64-66, 110-111, 184,
112, 180, 204, 210-215, 217- 219, 229-
211-212, 217-219, 221, 233, 236, 237
236,241,243,259,265
Black, Max, 26, 27, 95, 180, 184, 185, 187,
Cresswell, M. J., 153, 165
215
C-series, 193
Blake, R. M., 165
Currid, John D., 17
Boethius, 29, 30, 67
Cushing, James T., 39, 57
Bohr, Niels, 54-55
Bondi, Hermann, 32, 59, 64-65
Dales, Richard C., 211
Borde, Arvind, 218
Davidson, H. A., 211
Broad, C. D., 143, 148, 156-157, 164, 165,
Davies, Paul C. W., 20-22, 24, 56, 217-218
190
Davis, Stephen T., 70, 91, 113
Brown, J. R., 56
deliberation, see God: and deliberation
B-series, 193
Dennett, Daniel, 79
Descartes, 207-209
future contingents, 243-244, 248-250, 253-
differential experience of past and future, 136-
256, 263-265
139
direction of time, see time: direction of
Gale, George, 50
Doctrine of Arbitrary Undetached Parts, 204-
Gale, Richard M., 75, 80-81, 113, 115, 144,
206
163, 191-192, 216
Dodd, C. H., 18
Galileo Galilei, 35-36
dread of future events, see differential experi-
Gamow, George, 56, 222
ence of past and future
Geach, Peter, 215
Dummett, Michael, 154, 165
General Theory of Relativity, 32, 53, 57-66,
dynamic theory of time, 12, 115-165, 169-170,
95, 168, 178-179, 187
173-174, 180, 182-183, 188, 190-191,
Gilkey, Langdon, 212
193-194, 214
Gingrich, F. W., 19
God
Eddington, Arthur S., 60-64, 74
and conspiracy of nature, 176
Einstein, Albert, 32-33, 39-66, 69-70, 74, 75,
and deliberation, 82-84
91, 93, 95, 167-180, 215
and temporality, 77-113
electrodynamics, 36-37
and timelessness, 29-75
empty time prior to creation, see time: prior to
as Creator, 14, 20-22, 24, 70, 87, 96, 111,
creation
178,211,212
endurantism, 200-201, 205, 207, 209
contingently timeless or temporal, 86-87
EPR experiment, see Bell’s Theorem
eternity of, 14-27, 45, 77, 82, 219, 239
eternal present, 89-90, 108
immutability of, 29-32, 74, 83, 101, 239
eternity, 11-12, 13-27, 29, 31, 33, 43, 45, 47,
maximal cognitive excellence of, 71
51, 53, 67, 77, 89-92, 94, 96, 103, 111,
omnipotence of, 30, 249, 254
112, 115, 154, 185, 211, 213, 227, 229,
omnipresence of, 45
231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 239, 241,
omniscience of, 11, 83-84, 96, 100, 101,
243
104-109, 217, 240, 243-265
ET-simultaneity, 90-92
real relation to the world, 86-97, 109, 111
Euclid, 225
simplicity of, 29-32, 73, 83, 88, 239
extrinsic change, see change: extrinsic
temporal or atemporal, 29-113, 217
unembodied Mind, 71
Gorenstein, M. Y., 57
facts
Gorman, Bernard S., 115
tensed, 97-111, 115-117, 120, 122, 124,
Griffin, David Ray, 45, 158
125, 126, 129, 136-137, 156, 163, 184,
Grünbaum, Adolf, 158, 165, 181-188, 198
196,199,240,243
tenseless, 99, 104-112, 115-129, 136-137
Haack, Susan, 259
Ferngren, G. B., 177
Harre, Rom, 159
Ferré, Frederick, 198
Hasker, William, 91, 253, 255
Findlay, J. N., 53
Hawking, Stephen W., 21-22, 218-219
Fine, Arthur, 178
Healey, Richard, 49-50, 75, 195
finitude of the past, 217-233, 235
Heller, Mark, 202-208
FitzGerald, G., 38, 171
Heller, Michael, 57
Fitzgerald, Paul, 44, 55, 71, 75
Helm, Paul, 16-17, 27, 81, 91, 111-112, 196,
flow of time, see time: direction of
213,237
foreknowledge, 31, 72, 243-265
Hendry, George S., 212
Foster, Thomas R., 164
Hepburn, R. W., 73
four-dimensionalism, see perdurantism
Heraclitus, 154
fragmentation of reality on, 170-171
Hestevold, H. Scott, 164, 201, 216
Frankfurt, Harry, 261
Hilbert, David, 222-225, 232
Fraser, J. T., 14, 218, 219
Hill, William J., 113, 252
Freddoso, Alfred J., 263
Hoffmann, Banesh, 40, 70
freedom, 32, 84, 86, 184, 243-244, 249, 256-
Holton, Gerald, 47, 75
263,265
Horwich, Paul Gordon, 163, 165, 189
Friedman, Alexander, 60-64
Hoy, Ronald C., 216
Friedman, Michael, 59
Hughes, Christopher, 32, 74
Friedman, William, 130
Hunt, David P., 261
Husserl, Edmund, 130
Mann, William E., 79, 81
hyper-time, 23-26, 145-147, 150, 155, 157,
Matson, Wallace, 223
169
Maudlin, Tim, 56, 177
Maxwell, James Clerk, 36-37, 175
illusion of time, see temporal illusionism
May, Gerhard, 211
Illy, Jozsef, 53, 75
McCrea, W. H., 64
incompleteness of temporal life, 67-74, 240
McGilvray, James A., 215
indexicals, 118, 127-129
McGuire, J. E., 46, 74
inertial frame, 24, 35-49, 57-58, 62, 64, 90,
McTaggart, J. M. E., 9, 142-154, 156, 163,
93, 96, 169-171, 174
164, 165, 190, 193, 194, 195, 216
Infeld, Leopold, 168
Meinhold, Arndt, 19
infinite past, see finitude of the past
Mellor, D. H., 119-126, 133-137, 142, 149,
intrinsic change, see change: intrinsic
151, 153, 164, 165, 190-196, 216
Irenaeus, 211
Merricks, Trenton, 148, 201, 216
Ives, Hubert E., 175
metaphysical relativity, 90, 96
metric conventionalism, 234
Jantzen, Grace M., 71
metric of time, 233-235
John Damascene, 85
metrically amorphous time, see metric of time
John Duns Scotus, 77
Michelson, A. A., 37, 51
Jubien, Michael, 202, 209
middle knowledge, 249
Miller, Arthur I., 40, 74, 172
Kanitscheider, Bernulf, 53, 57, 59, 60
Miller, D. C., 176
Kennedy, John, 54
Milne, E. A., 53, 64
Kerszberg, Pierre, 64, 65
Milne-McCrea cosmology, 64
Klimek, Zbigniew, 57
mind-dependence of becoming, 188, 197, 200,
knowledge
240
de dicto, 129
Minkowski, Hermann, 54, 95, 151, 167-173,
de praesenti, 108, 118, 129
215
de re, 82, 107
Misner, Charles W., 60, 75
de se, 82, 107-109, 129
Morley, E. W., 37, 51
Kretzmann, Norman, 69, 89-92, 97, 113
Morris, Thomas V., 32, 74, 261
Kroes, Peter, 189, 215
Muller, R. A., 57
Kvanvig, Jonathan L., 100-102, 104, 108, 113,
Munitz, Milton K., 53
128
Nelson, Herbert J., 81, 113, 212
Larmor, Joseph, 38, 55
Nerlich, Graham, 169, 215
Larson, E. J., 177
New Tenseless Theory of Language, 119-129
Le Poidevin, Robin, 112, 149-154, 164, 215
Newton, Isaac, 25, 33-37, 44-58, 64-66, 74,
Leftow, Brian, 14, 67, 72, 75, 81, 91, 92-97,
77-78, 95, 154, 175, 185, 219, 230, 232,
103-109, 112, 213, 231-232, 233
239,241
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 66, 78, 230, 232
Newtonian time and space, see absolute space,
length contraction, 42, 173, 175, 177
absolute time
Lewis, David, 129, 148, 216
non-metric time, see metric of time
Lewis, Delmas, 91, 216
Norton, John D., 75
Linde, Andrei, 218
Novikov, Igor D., 13
local time, 61-64
Logos doctrine, 18, 241
Oaklander, Nathan, 138, 140-141, 150, 164,
Loizou, Andros, 159, 165
194-195
Lorentz transformation, 38
Oderberg, David S., 208
Lorentz, H. A., 38-39, 42, 53, 54-56, 64, 75,
Old Tenseless Theory of Language, 117-119
93, 171-172, 175, 176, 239
omnitemporality, 29, 32, 54, 57, 63, 73, 74,
Lorenz, Dieter, 171
77-79, 86-87, 97, 99, 104, 109, 111, 151,
Lowe, E. J., 112, 150, 164
179,199,240
Lucas, John R., 46, 47, 80, 234
Oppy, Graham, 223
MacBeath, Murray, 135, 137, 164
Padgett, Alan G., 15-19, 27, 113, 234, 237
Mach, Ernst, 39, 47, 75
Park, David, 218, 219
Mackie, J. L., 223, 225, 228-229
passage of time, see time: direction of
Peacocke, Arthur, 212
Schücking, E. L., 64
Penrose, Roger, 218, 219
self-ascription of properties, 129
Penzias, A. A., 56
Sellars, Wilfrid, 12
perdurantism, 201-209, 215
Senor, Thomas, 237
Perry, John, 118-119, 129, 164, 183
sensorium, 47
personal identity, 205-206
sentence tokens, 119-122, 125, 250
personhood and timelessness, 79-86, 240
sentence types, 125-126
Philo of Alexandria, 18
Shoemaker, Sydney, 78
Philoponus, John, 211
simplicity of God, see God: simplicity of
physical time, see time: measured
simultaneity, 32, 40, 42, 46, 48-49, 52-53, 56,
Pike, Nelson, 81, 212
59, 62, 89-92, 96, 103, 169, 171, 173, 176
Plantinga, Alvin, 123-124, 131
absolute, 46, 52-57, 62, 74, 151, 173, 176
Plöger, Otto, 18-19
singularity as a boundary to time, 21, 217-218,
Podlaha, M. F., 171
236
Podolsky, Boris, 54-55
Sklar, Lawrence, 49, 51, 75, 139, 162, 165,
Poincaré, Henri, 51-53, 55, 172
187
Polkinghorne, John, 211-212
Smart, J. J. C., 130, 155, 156-157
Popper, Karl, 56, 57
Smith, Quentin, 14, 113, 115, 164, 221, 225,
positivism, see verificationism
237
presentism, 102, 148-154, 156
Smoot, G. F., 57
presentness of experience, 120, 134-137, 143,
solipsism, 151, 153
163,199
Sorabji, Richard, 18, 157, 211, 224, 228, 237
Price, Huw, 132, 163, 165, 184, 189
sorites paradoxes, 207-208
Principle of Relativity, 58-59, 168
spacetime, 217-218
Prior, Arthur N., 99, 136-137, 148, 156, 164,
Special Theory of Relativity, 12, 23, 32, 38,
165
40, 43-44, 46, 47, 49, 51, 54-59, 62-63,
privileged reference frame, 173-174, 176
66, 74, 90-91, 95-96, 113, 151, 167-180,
Prokhovnik, Simon J., 178, 215
186,188
Squires, Euan, 50
quantum cosmology, see cosmology: quantum
static theory of time, 12, 70, 110-112, 137-
quantum mechanics, 50
140, 142, 145, 148-150, 158, 162, 163,
Quinn, Philip L., 75, 233
167-216
string theory, 179
Recanati, François, 164
Stump, Eleonore, 69, 89-92, 97, 234, 237
Rees, Martin J., 62-63
Suppe, Frederick, 49
real relation of God to creatures, see God: real
Swinburne, Richard G., 220, 226, 234, 237
relation to the world
reference frame, 35, 41, 54, 56-57, 59, 74,
Talbott, Thomas Bradley, 252
90-92, 96-97, 103, 170-171, 176
Taliaferro, Charles, 75, 233
relationalism, see time: relational view of
Tarski, Alfred, 121
Relativity Theory, see General Theory of
Tatian, 211
Relativity, Special Theory of Relativity
Taylor, Edwin F., 74, 172, 215
relief over past events, see differential experi-
Taylor, J. G., 74, 172, 215
ence of past and future
temporal becoming, 22, 70, 95, 97, 109-111,
Rescher, Nicholas, 177, 251-252
137-144, 148, 154-161, 169, 173-174,
Robertson, H. P., 61
180-184, 192-193, 197-200, 215, 217,
Rosen, Charles, 73
229, 235, 239-241
Rosen, Nathan, 55
temporal illusionism, 199
Ross, Hugh, 24-26
temporal indexicals, 111, 127
Rovelli, Carlo, 186-187
temporal necessity, 259-263
Rucker, Rudolf v. B., 224
temporal parts, 200-210, 214
Ruderfer, Martin, 175
temporal relations, 96, 108, 111, 115, 150,
Rudnicki, Konrad, 57
152, 162, 188-197
Russell, Bertrand, 117, 127, 188
temporality, divine, see omnitemporality
tensed facts, see facts: tensed
Schleiermacher, F. D. E., 212
tensed theory of time, see dynamic theory of
Schlesinger, George N., 138-140, 164
time
Schmidt, Johannes, 17
tenseless facts, see facts: tenseless
tenseless theory of time, see static theory of
Twin Paradox, 172
time
Theophilus, 211
universe, beginning of, see beginning of the
Thomas Aquinas, 29-30, 31, 71, 77, 88-89,
universe
97,113,152
Thomsen, Judith Jarvis, 203
van Inwagen, Peter, 123, 154, 156, 204-209,
Thorne, Kip S., 60, 75
216
three-dimensionalism, see endurantism
verificationism, 39, 47-52, 66, 74
time
Vilenkin, Alexander, 218
absolute, 25, 33-34, 38-39, 43-54, 63-66,
74, 77, 151, 154, 162, 174, 231
Walker, A. G., 61
asymmetry of, 138, 160-163
Walker, Ralph C. S., 112
beginning of, 17-20, 211, 217-219, 233
Waterlow, Sarah, 161, 165
cosmic, 23, 53, 60-66, 95, 214
Weinberg, Steven, 179
direction of, 23, 67, 70, 141, 154-163,
Wells, H. G., 70
179,186
Wessman, Alden E., 115
dynamic vs. static, see dynamic theory of
Westermann, Claus, 17, 211, 216
time, static theory of time
Wheeler, John Archibald, 13, 55, 60, 75, 172,
measured, 13, 46, 182-187, 219, 236
215
mental events sufficient for, 66, 94, 96,
Whitehead, Alfred North, 157-158
180,219
Whitrow, G. J., 27, 59, 62-63, 95, 165, 180,
metaphysical vs. measured, 46-47
215
metric of, see metric of time
Why did not God create the world sooner?
metrically amorphous, see metric of time
229-233
prior to creation, 66, 219, 230-235
Why is it now? 182-183
reductionistic views of, 185
Whybray, R. N., 18
relational view of, 66, 83, 86, 93, 230
Wierenga, Edward R., 101-105, 113
tensed vs. tenseless, see dynamic theory of
Wilder, Laura Ingalls, 68
time, static theory of time
Williams, Donald C., 155, 165
time dilation, 42, 173-178
Wilson, R. W., 56
time travel, 263
Winnie, John A., 171
time’s flow, see time: direction of
Tipler, Frank J., 218
Yancey, Philip, 22-23
Tooley, Michael, 115, 190-192
Yates, John C., 81, 91, 112, 213
Trinity, 26, 30, 85, 109, 241
truth bearers, 125
Zahar, Elie, 75
truth makers, 122-126
Zeno, 143, 158, 181, 188