Index
INDEX
The page references in this index correspond to the printed edition from which this ebook was created. To find a specific word or phrase from the index, please use the search feature of your ebook reader.
Acuna, Armando, 251
Adam Bede (Eliot), 131
Afghanistan, 276
Age of Reason (Paine), 114
Agnosticism, 93–94, 104, 174, 179–80, 183
Alexander, Mrs. Cecil F., 138
Alston, William, 185
Altizer, Thomas J. J., 160, 161
American Atheist magazine, 245
American Atheists, 246, 250, 251, 253–56, 268–69, 270
American Civil Liberties Union, 245
American Revolution, 28–29, 220, 279
Amis, Martin, 232
Analogy of Religion (Butler), 15–16
Ancient Sage (Tennyson), 93
“And Can It Be?” (Wesley), 204
Angels, 189
Anglicanism, 13, 17, 159
Animal Farm (Orwell), 231
Anselm of Canterbury, 188
Answer to Dr Priestley’s Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever (Hamilton), 113
Apotheosis of Washington, The (Brumidi), 44
Architecture, 207, 224
Aristotle, 99
Armstrong, Karen, 276
Arnold, Matthew, 131, 142
Atheism, xi–xiii, 3–4
appeal for adherents, 177–78
Christian apologists and, 32
Christianity, legitimate criticisms of, 273–77
Christianity’s evolving nature and, 196–97, 277
circularity of atheist philosophies, 180–81, 182
community and, 267–69
“conform to the center” concept, 228–30
corruption of Christian institutions as source of atheism’s appeal, 11, 27–28, 55, 273–74
defining characteristics, 220
Dostoyevsky’s writings about, 145–49
dullness problem, 271–73
“evil” charge against religion, 229–30
evolutionary theory and, 99–100, 106–10
faith’s role in, 180
Feuerbach’s life and work, 51, 53–60, 76–77
in France, 29–36
French Revolution and, 21, 22, 24, 36, 37–38, 42–47
Freud’s life and work, 67–77
future of, 278–79
generational conflict and, 238–42
globalization and, 277–78
in Greek civilization, 4–8, 120
historical boundary posts, 1–3
“historical inevitability” of, 168–69
imaginative failure, 185–89
intellectual roots, 49–51
“intentional” atheism, birth of, 113–15
“invention of God” concept, 50–51, 56–59, 148, 156
leadership failure within atheist institutions, 269–71
liberation and, 261
marginalization of, 219, 256, 279
Marxism and, 66
Marx’s life and work, 60–67, 76–77
McGrath’s experience with, 175–79, 258–59
modernity and, 216, 218, 219, 220–23, 228–30, 271
morality and, 130–32, 146, 148–49, 151
O’Hair’s life and work, 242–53
“opium of the people” view of religion, 65–66, 153, 165
pettiness of institutional atheism, 253–56
postatheism, 174
postmodernity and, 219, 226–27
“proofs” of God’s existence and, 31–32
Protestantism’s relation to, 197, 198–212
protest atheism, 146
psychogenesis (projection) theory of religion, 57, 64, 68–69, 70–77
redefinition within atheist movement, 174–75
in Roman civilization, 8–9
sexuality and, 35, 133–35
socioeconomic theory of religion, 63–67, 76–77
subversion of religious language, 44
suffering as refutation of God’s existence, 183–85
United States, failure in, 161–62
violence and intolerance arising from, 230–37, 261–62
Voltaire’s attitude toward, 26, 27
See also God’s death; Science/religion conflict; Victorian crisis of faith
Atheism and Theism (Smart and Haldane), 182
“Atheist,” origin of word, 8
Atheist World, The (O’Hair), 247
Auden, W. H., 76
Augustine of Hippo, 181–82, 188
Autobiography (Darwin), 103–4
Autobiography (Freud), 73
Ayer, A. J., 176
Bainbridge, William S., 189
Baroque style, 211–12
Battle for God (Armstrong), 276
Bauer, Bruno, 62
Belinsky, Vissarion, 145
Benjamin, Walter, 223
Bennett, Dennis, 194
Bentham, Jeremy, 222
Berlin Wall, fall of, 1, 2–3
Bernstein, Eduard, 162
Besant, Annie, 93, 183–84
Bible, 202, 203, 214, 215
Black Book of Communism, The, 232–34
Blake, William, 116
Blind, Mathilde, 124–25
Blind Watchmaker, The (Dawkins), 94, 108
Bloom, Harold, 76
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 46, 48, 51
Bonaventure, 207
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 161, 184–85
Bourdon, Léonard, 46
Brave, Georgine, 251
Brentano, Franz, 68
Britain
immigrant religious communities, 265
as imperial power, 257–58
religious history, 13–18
status of religious belief today, 241–42
See also Victorian crisis of faith
Brothers and Sisters (Compton-Burnett), 240
Brothers Karamazov, The (Dostoyevsky), 145, 146–47
Brown, Frank Burch, 104
Brumidi, Constantino, 44
Bryan, William Jennings, 106–7
Burke, Edmund, 113
Burton, Richard, 134
Butler, Bishop, 15–16
Calvert, Frank, 5
Calvin, John, 10, 39, 80, 81, 199, 200, 210–11
life and work, 154–58
on Nietzsche, 149
Canada, 268
Candide (Voltaire), 26–27
Capitalism, 200
Catholicism, 18
attacks on church authority, 10–12
French criticisms of, 24–25, 26–27
French Revolution and, 23–24, 29, 36–37, 38–39, 40–41
imagery’s importance to, 207–8, 210, 211–12
Pentecostalism and, 194–95, 196
the sacred in the world, sense of, 201–3
“Center” concept, 227–30
Chance and Necessity (Monod), 107
Charismatic movement, 194–95
Charles II, king of England, 13
Christ and Apollo (Lynch), 186
Christianity, xii
“atheism” charge against, 8–9
atheism’s legitimate criticisms of, 273–77
community and, 265–67
eternal punishment, doctrine of, 104–5, 274–75
as evolving belief system, 192, 196–97, 276–77
God’s existence, perspective on, 181–82
imagination’s importance in, 186
liberation and, 259–61
Orthodox churches, 208–9, 211, 268
Pentecostalism, 192–97, 214–16, 272, 277, 278
power and privilege, abuse of, 275–77
See also Catholicism; God’s death; Jesus Christ; Protestantism; Science/religion conflict; Victorian crisis of faith
Christianity at the Cross-Roads (Tyrrell), 140
Chrysostom, John, 208
Church architecture, 207
Churchill, Winston, xi
Church of England, 13, 17, 159
Church-state separation, 13, 15, 29, 162, 246
Clark, Wade Roof, 163
Clifford, William Kingdon, 89–92
Cloots, Anacharsis, 45–46
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 115, 116, 121
Collins, Wilkie, 16–17
Colman, George, 134
Commentary on Genesis (Calvin), 81
Communism. See Marxism
Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels), 62
Community, creation of, 264–69
Compton-Burnett, Ivy, 240–41
Comte, Auguste, 59–60, 68
Connell, Jim, 161
Considérations sur la France (Maistre), 37
Contribution to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Law (Marx), 65–66
Copernicus, 56, 79, 80
Cornell University, 86
Courcey, Kevin, 263
Cours de philosophie positive (Comte), 59
Cox, Harvey, 169, 192–93, 196, 215
Crews, Frederick, 263
Cumming, John, 130
Cuneo, Michael, 255
Dark Materials (Pullman), 231, 232
Darrow, Clarence, 106–7
Darwin, Charles, 61, 79, 82, 95–96, 97–98, 99, 100, 109, 217, 275
life and work, 102–5
Darwinian theory. See Evolutionary theory
Das Kapital (Marx), 62–63
Daughters and Sons (Compton-Burnett), 240
Dawkins, Richard, 94–95, 96, 97, 108, 176, 230
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Gibbon), 50
Decline of the West, The (Spengler), 279
Deconstruction, 227
Deism, 15–16, 25–26, 28, 37, 38
Derrida, Jacques, 227–28
Descartes, René, 31–32
Design in nature, 100–103, 108, 116
Devil’s Chaplain, The (Dawkins), 94
Dialogue Between a Priest and a Dying Man (Sade), 34–35
Diderot, Denis, 25, 36, 122
Discourse on the Worship of Priapus (Knight), 50
“Discreet Charm of Nihilism, The” (Milosz), 153
Divinization of humanity, 156–57, 183–84,
Dobzhansky, Theodosius, 110
Donahue, Phil, 247, 252
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor, 145–49, 235, 275
“Dover Beach” (Arnold), 142
Draper, John William, 85–86
Drucker, Peter, 266
Duffy, Eamon, 201
Dyson, Freeman, 84
Eagleton, Terry, 226
Eckhart, Meister, 202
Einstein, Albert, 96, 98
Eldredge, Niles, 217
Eliot, George, 50, 59, 139, 275 life and work, 127–33
Elmer Gantry (Lewis), 107
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 59
End of History and the Last Man Fukuyama), 205
Ends and Means (Huxley), 152
Endymion (Keats), 120–21
Engels, Friedrich, 61, 62
English Vice, The (Gibson), 134
Ennker, Benno, 267
“Essay on Christianity” (Shelley), 125–26
Essence of Christianity, The (Feuerbach), 55, 56–59
Eternal punishment, doctrine of, 104–5, 274–75
Ethics of Belief (Clifford), 90–92
Evangelicalism, 127–28, 130
Evans, Robert, 127, 128
Evolutionary theory, 72
atheism and, 99–100, 106–10
Darwin’s development of, 102–3, 105
punctuated equilibrium, 217
reconciliation with religious faith, 105–6, 109–10
science/religion conflict and, 79, 80–82, 83, 86–87, 88, 94, 95–96, 97–110
Victorian crisis of faith and, 98–100
Existentialism, 154–58
Family and a Fortune, A (Compton-Burnett), 240–41
Farrer, F. W., 81
Father and Son (Gosse), 238–39
Fauchet, Claude, 36
Feuerbach, Ludwig, 47, 63–64, 66, 153, 180, 182, 183, 188, 189, 229
Freud, influence on, 68, 69
life and work, 51, 53–60, 76–77
Fierello, Michael, 243
Fire from Heaven (Cox), 193, 196
Flagellation, 133–34
Forbidden Planet (film), 76
Foucault, Michel, 222, 223, 236
Foundations of Psychoanalysis (Grünbaum), 263
France
atheism in, 29–36
immigrant religious communities, 265
religious currents in, 24–27
student riots of 1968, 159
Francis I, king of France, 11
French Revolution, 18, 48, 51, 114, 143, 165, 220, 259, 273
atheism and, 21, 22, 24, 36, 37–38, 42–47
Bastille, fall of, 1–2, 21
calendar, revision of, 42
Catholicism and, 23–24, 29, 36–37, 38–39, 40–41
ending of, 46
legacy of, 47
liberation and, 21–22
origins of, 22–24
Reign of Terror, 22, 39–42, 46
religion of humanity, 42–44, 46
Freud, Jacob, 76
Freud, Sigmund, 25, 47, 180, 182, 188, 189, 223, 229, 262–63
discrediting of, 263
life and work, 67–77
Freud—Biologist of the Mind (Sulloway), 263
Froude, J. A., 131
Fry, Danny, 253
Fukuyama, Francis, 205
Fulford, Robert, 189–90
Fundamentalism, 276
Furies, The (Mayer), 42
Future of an Illusion, The (Freud), 69, 74–75
Future of Religion, The (Bainbridge and Stark), 189
Fyfe, Aileen, 100
Gay Science, The (Nietzsche), 149–51
Gender, theory of, 75
German Ideology, A (Marx and Engels), 62, 66–67
Germany, 51–53, 55–56
Gibbon, Edward, 50
Gibson, Ian, 134
Globalization, 277–78
God’s death, 143, 144–69, 219
Dostoyevsky’s writings and, 145–49
existentialism and, 154–58
liberal church leaders and, 162–64
media coverage of, 144, 160
negative consequences of, 262
Nietzsche’s writings and, 149–51,152
nihilism and, 151–54
1960s activism and, 158–61
Protestantism and, 162–64, 204–5
Soviet suppression of religion, 165–68
Swinburne’s views on, 235–36
God’s existence, 274
Christian perspective on, 181–82
design in nature and, 100–103, 108
as matter beyond rational proof, 179–83
parallel between pro and contra arguments, 181–83
“proofs” of, 31–32
spirituality and, 188–89
suffering and, 183–85
God’s Funeral (Wilson), 141–42
Godwin, William, 114–15
Golding, William, 76
Gospel of Christian Atheism, The (Altizer), 160
Gosse, Edmund, 238–40
Gosse, Philip Henry, 239
Gould, Stephen Jay, 108–10, 181, 217
Gray, Asa, 106, 109
Great Minster (Zurich), 212
“Great Relearning, The” (Wolfe), 158
Greek atheism, 4–8, 120
Greene, Graham, 76
Gregory, Sir Richard, 77–78
Gropius, Walter, 224
Grotius, Hugo, 205, 214
Grünbaum, Adolf, 263
Guinness, Os, 225–26
Haldane, J. B. S., 84
Haldane, J. J., 182
Hamilton, William, 113
Hardy, Thomas, 131, 143
Hazlitt, William, 22, 115
Health care, 262–64
Hébert, Jacques, 45
Hegel, G. W. F., 53, 56, 62
Heidelberg Catechism, 210–11
Heliocentric theory of solar system, 56, 79–80, 81
Helvétius, Claude-Adrien, 26, 29–30
Hennell, Charles, 129
Henry VIII, king of England, 11, 39
Herbert, George, 138
Hinduism, 84, 278
History of the Conflict between Religion and Science (Draper), 85–86
History of the French Revolution (Michelet), 40
History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom (White), 81, 85, 86–87
History of Western Philosophy (Russell), 80
Hobbes, Thomas, 204
Holbach, Paul-Henri-Dietrich d’, 26, 29–30, 33, 63
Hollenweger, Walter, 215
Holocaust, 183–84, 224
Homer, 5–8
Homme machine, L’ (La Mettrie), 33
Homosexuality, 249–50
Honest to God (Robinson), 159
Hope, Lady Elizabeth, 82
Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 203
Humanity, religion of, 42–44, 46
Hume, David, 15, 122
Huxley, Aldous, 152
Huxley, Thomas H., 80, 81–82, 83, 87, 93–94, 99, 179–80, 183
“Hymn to Intellectual Beauty” (Shelley), 126
“Hymn to Man” (Swinburne), 136
“Hymn to Prosperpine” (Swinburne), 137
Idolatry, 209–11
Iliad (Homer), 5–8
Imagination
atheism’s imaginative failure, 185–89
Christian theology and, 186
Protestantism’s imaginative failure, 206, 207–12
Victorian crisis of faith and, 112–13, 115, 137
“Imagine” (Lennon), 173
Ingersoll, Robert Green, 99, 178, 275
In Memoriam (Tennyson), 216
Inquiry concerning the Origin of Christianity, An (Hennell), 129
Intelligent design, 100–103, 108, 116
International Style, 224
“Invention of God” concept, 50–51, 56–59, 148, 156
Investigation of the Essence of the Deity, An (Scepticus Britannicus), 113–14
Islam, 84, 210, 276, 278
James II, king of England, 14
Jesus Christ, 129, 137
diminishment by Victorians, 137, 138–41
in Dostoyevsky’s writings, 146–47
in Protestantism, 203
John of Damascus, 138
Johnson, Ellen, 253, 270
Johnson, James Hervey, 251
Jones, Ernest, 70
Julian the Apostate, 137n
Jung, Carl, 189
Justification by faith alone, doctrine of, 199
Justin Martyr, 8
Kafka, Franz, 157, 269
Kähler, Martin, 140–41
Karr, Gary, 252–53
Kautsky, Karl, 162
Keats, John, 117, 118–21
Kingsley, Charles, 102, 106
Kipling, Rudyard, 257–58
Knight, Richard, 50
Koba the Dread (Amis), 232
Korea, 259–61
Krueger, Anne, 251
Kuhn, Thomas S., 81
Lagrange, Joseph-Louis, 42
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste, 72
La Mettrie, Julien Offroy de, 26, 29–30, 33
“Lamia” (Keats), 118–19
Language, Truth and Logic (Ayer), 176
Launy, Marquis de, 2
Lauritsen, John, 249–50
Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent de, 42
Lectures on the Religion of the Semites (Smith), 71
Lenin, V. I., 60, 165, 166, 267
Lennon, John, 173–74
Leonardo da Vinci and a Memory of His Childhood (Freud), 73–74
Lessing, G. E., 122, 139
Le Sueur, Reginald, 272
Letter Concerning Toleration (Locke), 15
Letter to Uranie (Voltaire), 26
Let Us Pray (Murray), 248
Lewis, C. S., 178, 188
Lewis, Sinclair, 107
Liberation
atheism and, 261
Christianity and, 259–61
existentialism and, 156
French Revolution and, 21–22
nihilism and, 151–54
postmodernity and, 227–28
science/religion conflict and, 83, 84–87
Life of Jesus (Strauss), 129–30, 139
Life of Jesus movement, 137, 138–41
Liminality, 208
Livingstone, David, 85
Locke, John, 15, 122
Louis XVI, king of France, 22, 23, 38, 41
Lucas, J. R., 82
Lucretius, 9, 50
Luther, Martin, 10, 199, 209, 213
Lutheranism, 17, 52
Lynch, William, 186
Lyotard, Jean-François, 226, 236
Maistre, Joseph de, 37
Malthus, Thomas, 103
Marcus, Stephen, 134
Marie Antoinette, queen of France, 22–23
Mariners Southcoast Church, 265, 266
Marsenne, Marin, 31
Martin, David, 195
Marx, Karl, 47, 68, 69, 82, 177, 180, 182, 188, 189, 223, 229
life and work, 60–67, 76–77
Marxism (communism), xi, 156, 159, 191, 197, 223
atheism and, 66
Marx’s development of, 60–61, 62–63, 66–67
McGrath’s experience with, 176, 178
secular messianic outlook, 178
United States, failure in, 161–62
See also Soviet Union
Materialism, 43, 61–62, 63–64, 65
Mayer, Arno, 42
Mays, John, 248–49
McGrath, Alister, 175–79, 258–59
McLuhan, Marshall, 273
Meaninglessness, 154–58
Mechanical worldview, 116
Melitus, 8
Mencken, H. L., 107
Meslier, Jean, 24–25
Methodism, 17
Michelet, Jules, 40
Middlemarch (Eliot), 131
Milosz, Czeslaw, 152–53
Milton, John, 261
Modernity, 164
atheism and, 216, 218, 219, 220–23, 228–30, 271
birth of, 220
“conform to the center” concept, 228–30
control theme, 222–23
decline of, 223–24
rational and logical worldview, 220–21
suppression of religion, 221–23
uniformity theme, 221, 224
Momoro, Antoine-François, 43
Monod, Jacques, 107
Moody, Dwight L., 104–5
Moonstone, The (Collins), 16–17
Morality, 130–32, 146, 148–49, 151
Moses and Monotheism (Freud), 71, 72, 75
Murray, Jon Garth, 243, 250, 251, 252–53
Murray, Robin, 250, 252–53
Murray, William J., 243
Murray, William J., III, 242, 243, 244, 248, 249, 252, 253
My Life without God (Murray), 248
Myth of Sisyphus, The (Camus), 154–56
National Secular Society, 271–72
Natural History of Selborne (White), 88
Natural religion, 24–25
Natural Theology (Paley), 85, 100, 116
Nature
design in, 100–103, 108, 116
disenchantment of, 200–206
reenchantment of, 116–21, 124–25
Nazism, xi, 218, 223, 224, 262
Necessary Angel, The (Stevens), 153–54
“Necessity of Atheism, The” (Shelley), 122
Newman, F. W., 131
Newman, John Henry, 192, 277
Newton, Isaac, 30, 85, 116, 118
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 174, 219, 262
on Eliot, 131–32
life and work, 149–51, 152
Nihilism, 151–54
1960s activism, 158–61
Northern Ireland, 159, 177
Ode to the Infant Son of S. T. Coleridge (Robinson), 117
O’Hair, Madalyn Murray, 242–53
atheistic activities, 245–48
detrimental effect on atheist movement, 269–70
legal and financial problems, 250–52
murder of, 252–53
private life, 248–50
school prayer case, 244–46, 248
O’Hair, Richard, 246
Omar Khayyám, 84
Once in Royal David’s City (Alexander), 138
“Opium of the people” view of religion, 65–66, 153, 165
Origin of Species (Darwin), 82, 95–96, 97–98
Orthodox churches, 208–9, 211, 268
Orthodoxy (Ingersoll), 99
Orwell, George, 231
Oswald, Lee Harvey, 244
Other Victorians, The (Marcus), 134
“Our Image of God Must Go” (Robinson), 159
Paine, Thomas, 114
Paley, William, 85, 100–102, 108, 116
Pandora myth, 235
Panopticon, 222–23
Panthéon, 42–43
Parham, Charles, 193
Pascal, Blaise, 48, 180
Peers, Michael, 268
Pentecostalism, 192–97, 214–16, 272, 277, 278
Petrov, Gregory, 166–67
Philosophy in the Bedroom (Sade), 35
Pietism, 17–18, 204
Plato, 99–100
Pliny the Younger, 9
Plymouth Brethren, 239
Polanyi, Michael, 95, 97, 98
Political Justice (Godwin), 114
Possessed, The (Dostoyevsky), 145, 147–49
Postatheism, 174
Postmodernity, 164, 191, 216
atheism and, 219, 226–27
“decentering” concept, 227–28, 229
defining characteristics, 218–19
diversity, celebration of, 227
liberation and, 227–28
totality and unity concepts, rejection of, 224–26, 236
Prelude, The (Wordsworth), 115
Primal spirituality, 215
Projection (psychogenesis) theory of religion, 57, 64, 68–69, 70–77
Prometheus myth, 234–35
“Proof” in science and religion, 31–32, 83, 89–98
Protagoras, 8
Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, The (Weber), 200
Protestantism, 10
atheism’s relation to, 197, 198–212
capitalism and, 200
future of, 213–16
God’s death and, 162–64, 204–5
imaginative failure, 206, 207–12
individualism and, 199
middle classes and, 199–200
Pentecostalism and, 194–96, 214–16
sacred and secular worlds, divorce of, 200–206
science and, 200–201
theological correctness and, 214
See also specific sects
Protestant Reformation, 10–11, 198, 199–200, 209, 211
Protest atheism, 146
Psychoanalysis, 69–70, 74, 75
Psychogenesis (projection) theory of religion, 57, 64, 68–69, 70–77
Pullman, Philip, 231, 232
Queen Mab (Shelley), 122–24, 126
Rappoport, Jon, 242n
Rebel, The (Camus), 156–57
“Recessional” (Kipling), 257–58
“Red Flag, The” (Connell), 161
Reflections on the Revolution in France (Burke), 113
Relativity, theory of, 96–97, 98
Renan, Ernest, 139
Robespierre, Maximilien de, 42, 45–46
Robinson, John, 159, 160
Robinson, Mary, 117
Roddenberry, Gene, 190
Rodiad (Colman), 134
Roman Empire, 8–9, 168
Rosen, Edward, 81
Roths, John Henry, 243
Rötteck, Karl von, 52
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 25, 36, 50
Rowell, Geoffrey, 104
Russell, Bertrand, 80, 81, 176
Russia, 145, 147, 148–49, 189. See also Soviet Union
Russian Revolution, 2, 60–61, 165, 231, 259
Ryan, Robert M., 127
Sade, Marquis de, 33–35, 135
Sartre, Jean-Paul, 156, 177
Scepticus Britannicus, 113–14
Schleiermacher, F. D. E., 53
Schliemann, Heinrich, 4–5
School prayer, 162, 244–46, 248
Science
faith and, 95–98
nature’s mystery and, 118–19
Protestantism and, 200–201
Science/religion conflict, 76–78, 79–111
Comte’s scientific atheism, 59–60
discrediting of conflict model, 87, 89
evolutionary theory and, 79, 80–82, 83, 86–87, 88, 94, 95–96, 97–110
French atheism and, 30
“liberation of mankind through science” issue, 83, 84–87
McGrath’s views on, 176–77
myths regarding, 79–83
popular perception of, 79–80, 83
scientists’ religious beliefs, 110–11
sociological perspective on conflict model, 87–89
Victorian crisis of faith and, 87–88, 98–100
“Scientist as Rebel, The” (Dyson), 84
Scopes, John, 106–7
Sécher, Reynald, 46
Secular City, The (Cox), 169, 192–93
Ségur, Louis-Philippe, 36
Sexuality, 35, 133–35
Seymour, William J., 193
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 50, 117, 118 life and work, 122–27
“Shelley’s View of Nature contrasted with Darwin’s” (Blind), 124–25
Sieyès, Emmanuel Joseph, 23
Silberstein, Eduard, 68
Silone, Ignazio, 233
Simpson, G. G., 110
Smart, J. J. C., 182
Smith, W. Robertson, 71
Social Contract (Rousseau), 50
Socioeconomic theory of religion, 63–67, 76–77
Socrates, 8
“Son against father” concept, 51, 72–73, 74, 238–40
Soviet Union, 2, 187, 276
community in, 267–68
idealists’ attitude toward, 243–44
suppression of religion, 165–68, 221
violence and oppression, history of, 231–34
See also Russian Revolution
Speaking in tongues, 193–94, 195
Spener, Philip Jacob, 17
Spengler, Oswald, 279
Spirit of the Age (Hazlitt), 115
Spirituality
God’s existence and, 188–89
health care and, 262–64
human nature and, 187–88
primal spirituality, 215
rebirth of interest in, 189–92
Spong, James, 163–64
Stalin, Joseph, 60, 166, 167, 232
Stanzas from the Grand Chartreuse (Arnold), 142
Stark, Rodney, 189
Star Trek (TV show), 190–91
Sterne, Laurence, 16
Stevens, Wallace, 153–54
Stranger, The (Camus), 154, 156
Strauss, David Friedrich, 62, 129–30, 139
Stripping of the Altars, The (Duffy), 201
Student riots of 1968, 159
Stuttaford, Andrew, 254–55
Suffering, 32, 183–85
Suicide, 148
Sulloway, Frank, 263
Supreme Court, U.S., 245, 246
Swinburne, Algernon Charles, 133–37, 184
Système de la Nature (Holbach), 30
“Tables Turned, The” (Wordsworth), 117
Talleyrand-Périgord, Charles-Maurice de, 38
Taylor, Charles, 205
Temple, Frederick, 105–6
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 50, 93, 216
Testament (Meslier), 24–25
Thomas, R. S., 212
Thomas Aquinas, 122, 181, 182, 207
Thompson, Howard, 253, 269–71, 272
Thoughts on Death and Immortality (Feuerbach), 54
Thwaite, Ann, 239
Ticknor, Cory, 252
Time magazine, 144, 160
“Tintern Abbey” (Wordsworth), 117–18
“To Percy Shelley, on the Degrading Notions of Deity” (Keats), 120
Totem and Taboo (Freud), 71, 72, 75
Toulmin, Stephen, 205
Transcendence, sense of, 116, 118, 121, 138
Travis, David R., 252
Tristram Shandy (Sterne), 16
Trollope, Anthony, 16
Trueheart, Charles, 265, 266
Truth Seeker magazine, 251
Turner, Denys, 196
Twilight of the Idols (Nietzsche), 132
Tyrrell, George, 140
Unauthorized Freud (Crews), 263
United States
American Revolution, 28–29, 220, 279
apotheosization of heroes, 44
decline of mainline denominations, 162–64
failure of atheism and Marxism in, 161–62
God’s death and, 144, 160–61
O’Hair’s life and work, 242–53
“Unlit Bonfire, The” (Thompson), 270
Updike, John, 272
Utopian Socialist group, 145
Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication, The (Darwin), 82
Victorian crisis of faith, 112–43
Eliot’s life and work, 127–33
evolutionary theory and, 98–100
imagination and, 112–13, 115, 137
“intentional” atheism, birth of, 113–15
Jesus’s diminishment, 137, 138–41
moral revolt against Christianity, 130–32
reenchantment of nature, 116–21, 124–25
sadness and confusion from loss of faith, 141–43
science/religion conflict and, 87–88, 98–100
Shelley’s life and work, 122–27
Swinburne’s life and work, 133–37
Vidal, Gore, 229–30
View of the Evidence of Christianity, A (Paley), 100
Voltaire, 25–27, 29, 36, 37, 43, 44, 274
Wagner, Richard, 174
Walcott, Charles D., 110
Washington, George, 28, 44
Water Babies, The (Kingsley), 102
Waters, David, 251–53
Weber, Max, 200, 203, 205
Welcker, Karl Theodor, 52
Wesley, Charles, 17, 204
Wesley, John, 17
Whippingham Papers, The (Swinburne), 133–34
White, Andrew Dickson, 81, 85, 86–87
White, Gilbert, 88
“Who Speaks for Atheism?” (Thompson), 269–70
Why I Am Not a Christian (Russell) 176
Why I Do Not Believe in God (Besant), 93, 183–84
Wilberforce, Samuel, 80, 81–82
William and Mary, king and queen of England, 14
Williams, Rowan, 187
Wilson, A. N., 92, 141–42
Withers, Roy, 251
Wolfe, Tom, 158
Wonderful Life (Gould), 108
Wordsworth, William, 21–22, 115, 117–18, 121
Worship as means of connecting with the divine, 208–9
“Written in Disgust of Vulgar Superstition” (Keats), 119
Zwingli, Huldrych, 10, 200, 202–3, 209, 212