Notes
Introduction
1 William Temple, opening speech at the Second World Conference on Faith and Order, Edinburgh, 1937.
1 The Holy Spirit: the giver of life
1 For the story, see Catherine M. Lewis, ‘Don’t Ask What I Shot’: How Eisenhower’s love of golf helped shape 1950s America. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007, 63.
2 C. S. Lewis, ‘The Grand Miracle,’ in C. S. Lewis: Essay Collection. London: Collins, 2000, 3 – 9.
3 This is the Western version of the Nicene Creed, which came into general use in the Latin-speaking Western church in about the year 1000. The original version of the creed, still widely used in Eastern Orthodox churches, speaks of the Spirit proceeding from the Father, not the Father and the Son.
4 Dorothy L. Sayers, Unpopular Opinions. London: Victor Gollancz, 1946, 19.
5 John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, III.ii.7.
6 I have used the English translation of Richard F. Littledale (1833 – 90); the original Italian wording is slightly different.
7 Augustine of Hippo, Confessions, I.1.1.
8 C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity. London: HarperCollins, 2002, 172– 8.
9 Lewis, Mere Christianity, 176 –7.
10 Charles Wesley, ‘Free grace’, stanza 5. This hymn is better known today as ‘And can it be?’ The stanza I have quoted is rarely sung today.
11 The Letters of Dorothy L. Sayers, Volume Three. Cambridge: Dorothy L. Sayers Society, 1998, 255.
12 Catechism of the Catholic Church, §737.
2 Humanity: the climax of God’s Creation
1 Dorothy L. Sayers, Unpopular Opinions. London: Victor Gollancz, 1946, 18.
2 Michael J. Sandel, Justice: What’s the right thing to do? New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2009.
3 Francis Crick, The Astonishing Hypothesis: The scientific search for the soul. London: Simon & Schuster, 1994, 3.
4 For a discussion of Dawkins’ views, see Alister E. McGrath, Dawkins’ God: From the selfish gene to the God delusion. Second edn. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2015.
5 See, for example, the analysis in Alister E. McGrath, The Intellectual Origins of the European Reformation. Second edn. Oxford: Blackwell, 2003, 34 – 43; Charles G. Nauert, Humanism and the Culture of Renaissance Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
6 Francis Quarles, Emblems. London: Hogg, 1778, 202.
7 See further Hans W. Wolff, Anthropology of the Old Testament. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1974. On early Christian approaches, see M. C. Steenberg, Of God and Man: Theology as anthropology from Irenaeus to Athanasius. London: T. & T. Clark, 2009.
8 Julian Ashbourn, Biometrics: Advanced identity verification. London: Springer, 2000.
9 Note the points made in Alister McGrath, ‘Does religion poison everything? The New Atheism and religious belief ’, in Mere Theology: Christian faith and the discipleship of the mind. London: SPCK, 2010, 119 –38.
10 Norman Angell, The Great Illusion: A study of the relation of military power in nations to their economic and social advantage. New York and London: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1910. Angell won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1933.
11 J. R. R. Tolkien, Tree and Leaf. London: Harper Collins, 1992, 89.
12 J. C. Ryle, Expository Thoughts on the Gospels: St Matthew. Cambridge: James Clarke, 1974, 378.
3 Grace: the gift of a courteous God
1 Catechism of the Catholic Church, §1996.
2 Everett Ferguson, Backgrounds of Early Christianity. Third edn. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 2003, 65 – 6.
3 Ambrose, De officiis ministrorum, ii, 28.
4 Alister E. McGrath, Thomas F. Torrance: An intellectual biography. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1999.
5 Thomas F. Torrance, The Christian Doctrine of God: One being, three persons. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1996, 244.
6 See my early work, Alister E. McGrath, Luther’s Theology of the Cross: Martin Luther’s theological breakthrough. Oxford: Blackwell, 1985. A second edition appeared in 2006.
7 See Isaiah Berlin, The Proper Study of Mankind. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 1997; B. W. Young, Religion and Enlightenment in Eighteenth-Century England: Theological debate from Locke to Burke. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998; Louis Dupré, The Enlightenment and the Intellectual Foundations of Modern Culture. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2004.
8 Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzche, The Anti-Christ, 1888.
9 Augustine, Expositions of Psalms 99 –120, iii, 19.
4 The Church: the communion of saints
1 See further Avery Dulles, Models of the Church. New York: Doubleday, 2002.
2 John Bowlby, Maternal Care and Mental Health. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1952. For a mature statement of the idea of a ‘secure base’ see John Bowlby, A Secure Base: Parent–child attachment and healthy human development. New York: Basic Books, 1988.
3 Cyprian of Carthage, On the Unity of the Catholic Church, 6.
4 John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, IV.i.1.
5 Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Life Together. London: SCM Press, 1954, 65.
6 C. H. Spurgeon, Sermon 139, preached on 5 July 1857 at the Music Hall, Royal Surrey Gardens, London. The emphasis is in the original.
7 Cited in Gary Inrig, Hearts of Iron, Feet of Clay. Chicago: Moody Press, 1979, 11.
8 Cited in Austin Farrer, The End of Man. London: SPCK, 1973, 52.
9 C. S. Lewis, Mere Christianity. London: HarperCollins, 2002, 165.
10 Headington later became part of the city of Oxford. For details of these developments, see Alister McGrath, C. S. Lewis – A Life: Eccentric genius, reluctant prophet. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 2013.
11 Lewis, Mere Christianity, viii.
12 Lewis, Mere Christianity, 11–12.
5 One holy catholic and apostolic Church
1 For a full discussion, see Alister E. McGrath, Christian Theology: An introduction. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011, 375 – 99.
2 Irenaeus of Lyons, Against All Heresies, I.x.2.
3 For further discussion, see Alister E. McGrath, ‘A “mere Christian”: Anglicanism and Lewis’s religious identity’, in The Intellectual World of C. S. Lewis. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013, 147– 61.
4 There are at least four variants of this quote. I have taken this from Arthur Marx, My Life with Groucho: A son’s eye view. London: Robson Books, 1988, 187– 8.
5 Raymond Aron, Memoirs: Fifty years of political reflection. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1990, xi.
6 Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Life Together. London: SCM Press, 1954, 15–16.
7 C. S. Lewis, The Screwtape Letters. London: HarperCollins, 2002, 5. Lewis is almost certainly basing this on his own experience at Holy Trinity Church, Headington Quarry, Oxford, which he began to attend in 1930.
8 See Judith Lieu, Christian Identity in the Jewish and Graeco-Roman World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
9 Cyril of Jerusalem, Catechetical Lectures, XVIII, 23.
10 Irenaeus of Lyons, Against All Heresies, II.ix.1.
11 For details, see G. Walter Hansen, The Letter to the Philippians. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans, 2009, 1– 6.
12 For detailed comment, see Hansen, Letter to the Philippians, 267–77.