The books classed as poetical are Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, and Lamentations. The term "poetical" is not to be taken as implying fancifulness or unreality, but as relating to form only. They are the books of the human experiences of the people of God under the various exercises of earthly life; but those experiences are, apart from the mere external setting, wrought in them by the Spirit, interpreted to us by the Spirit, and written by holy men of God as they were moved by the Spirit. While this is true of all these books, the Psalms included, the latter have also a prophetic character.
The Hebrew poetic form is peculiar, and demands a word of explanation. Rhythm is not achieved by the repetition of similar sounds, as in rhymed verse; nor by rhythmic accent as in blank verse, but by repetition of ideas. This is called parallelism; e.g.
"The Lord also will be a refuge for the oppressed, A refuge in times of trouble." (Ps 9.9)
Parallelism is called synonymous when the thought is identical, as in the above instance; antithetic when the primary and secondary thoughts are in contrast; e.g.
"For the Lord knoweth the way of the righteous: But the way of the ungodly shall perish" (Ps 1.6);
And synthetic when the thought is developed or enriched by the parallel; e.g.
"And thou shalt be secure, because there is hope; Yea, thou shalt dig about thee, and thou shalt take thy rest in safety." (Job 11.18)
Under this method the Poetical Books are epic, lyric, and dramatic, and supply examples of literary expression unmatched in uninspired literature.
The Book of JOB
Job is in form a dramatic poem. It is probably the oldest of the Bible books, and was certainly written before the giving of the law. It would have been impossible, in a discussion covering the whole field of sin, of the providential government of God, and man's relation to Him, to avoid all reference to the law if the law had then been known. Job was a veritable personage (Ez 14.20; Jas 5.11), and the events are historical. The book sheds a remarkable light on the philosophic breadth and intellectual culture of the patriarchal age. The problem is, Why do the godly suffer?
Job is in seven parts:
Prologue, 1.1-2.8. Job and his wife, 2.9,10. Job and his three friends, 2.11-31.40. Job and Elihu, 32.1-37.24. Jehovah and Job, 38.1-41.34. Job's final answer, 42.1-6. Epilogue, 42.7-17.
The events recorded in Job cover a period within 1 year.
