Notes
INTRODUCTION
. II, i, 261.
. The Structure of Complex Words (1951), p. 257.
. Preface to Book II.
CHAPTER 2: NATURE
. De Bello Gallico 1, 21.
. Ars Poetica, 353.
. De Finibus iv, 7.
. Gen. i. 21.
. C. XIV, 144.
. C. XIX, 223.
. Pericles V, i, 68.
. Alfred’s Boethius, ed. W. J. Sedgefield (1899), p. 151.
. Vinaver, p. 245, l. 17. Not in Caxton.
. Vinaver, p. 714, l. 5. Not in Caxton.
. Arcadia II, xxvi, 4.
. Hen. VI, Pt 3, I, i, 82.
. XI, viii. Vinaver, pp. 804–5.
. Euphues and his England, ed. Arber (1919), p. 465.
. Chaucer, Troilus and Crysyde, IV, 768.
. XIX, x. Vinaver, p. 1147, l. 3, was for is.
. Arcadia II, 10, Rubric.
. Dialogue Against the Fever Pestilence (1564).
. Measure for Measure III, i, 225.
. C. VIII, 43.
. Antony and Cleopatra II, v, 78.
. XIV, vi. Vinaver, p. 912, l. 25.
. A. XI, 243.
. Canterbury Tales, A. 647.
. Persian Eclogues IV, 1.
. Dramatic Poesy. Essays, ed. Ker, vol. I, p. 54.
. Euripides, Bacchae, 651.
. Euripides, Helena, 87.
. Oed. Col. 1222.
. Fragment 8.
. Euripides, Medea, 103.
. Herodotus II, 5.
. Plato, Republic, 410 e.
. Politics, 1252 b.
. Cf. Metaphysics, 1014 b.
. Enneads V, viii, 1; some editions xxviii, 1.
. De Caelo III, 278 b.
. Metaphysics, 1064 a. Everyman trans. p. 156.
. Ibid. 1072 b. Trans. p. 346.
. Gerusalemme IX, 56.
. See Deguileville, Pilgrimage, trans. Lydgate, 3415.
. Phisicien’s Tale, C. 22.
. De Mundo, 392 a.
. Metaphysics, 1072 b.
. Paradise Lost II, 911.
. The gods of mythology, who had parents and a history and known birthplaces, were of course items in nature (d.s.).
. De Natura Deorum I, 14.
. Ibid. II, 57.
. Langland, C. XXIII, 80.
. Bernardus Silvester, Alanus ab Insulis.
. Romance of the Rose.
. Chaucer, Parlement, 379.
. Man of Law’s Tale, B. 298.
. Politics, 1254 a.
. Republic, 381 a.
. Euripides, Electra, 261.
. Spectator, 119.
. Paradise Lost IV, 241.
. Epistles XC, 44.
. Consolation II, Pr. v.
. Faerie Queene, II, vii, 15.
. P.L. v, 451.
. Romeo and Juliet II, iv, 92.
. Knight’s Tale, A. 2759.
. Conquest of Granada, Pt. I, II, i.
. This degree of psycho-analysis is as old as Plato’s Republic, 571 a–572 d.
. Boswell, 12 April 1778.
. Line 227.
. Dejection, VI.
. Pilgrim’s Progress, Pt 2.
. Hen. IV, Pt 2, IV, v, 65.
. Essay on Criticism, 236.
. Life of Milton.
. Politics, 1252 b.
. Ibid. 1254 a.
. Johnson’s Preface to Shakespeare.
. Clearer for an understanding of the theory as usually held. Johnson has his own modification of it. Where others wanted the generality King or Senator to show through the individual Claudius or Menenius he wanted the universal Man to show through the generality King or Senator.
. Tragedies of the Last Age. Spingarn, Critical Essays of the XVIIth Century, vol. II, p. 193.
. Ibid. p. 194.
. Poetics, 1451 a–b.
. Short View of Tragedy, ibid. p. 224.
. Ibid. p. 197.
. Poetics, 1454 a.
. Antigone, 453.
. Laws, I, xii.
. Epistle XC, 4, 38.
. Essay on Man III, 147.
. Leviathan, 13
. Boswell, Hebrides, 22 August 1773.
. Hebrides, 27 October 1773.
. Life. Just before 29 April 1776.
. Castle of Health.
. Etymologics VIII, vi, 3.
. Julius Caesar II, i, 261.
. Tamburlaine, Pt 2, 3944.
. De Coelo III, 298 b.
. Saints’ Everlasting Rest III, xi.
. Universal Prayer.
. Essay on Man I, 267.
. Seasons I, 83.
. Task I, 749, Rerum Rusticarum III, i. ‘Divina natura gave the land (agros), but human art built cities’. Does divina natura mean ‘the divine nature’ (to theion, God) or the divine species (the gods) or nature (d.s.) (the goddess)? Or could Varro have told us?
CHAPTER 3: SAD
. Aeneid I, 199.
. Calendar, Nov., 60, 70 etc.
. Aen. I, 151.
. P.L. XI, 585.
. Tristram Shandy IX, 33.
. Chronicle, ann. 937, l. 20
. Fragment C. 6907.
. On Exodus xxxviii. 7.
. Aen. XI, 553.
. VI, iv. Vinaver, p. 259. l. 27.
. Manciple’s Tale, H. 275.
. R. Hope Robbins, Secular Lyrics of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, no. 78, 63.
. E. 218.
. Knight’s Tale, A. 2602.
. I, Met. iv.
. F.Q. II, vii, 23.
. Much Ado I, i, 183.
. Boswell, 12 April 1778.
. Mansfield Park, ch. XXXVI.
. Boswell, 23 September 1777.
CHAPTER 4: WIT
. Genesis B, 250.
. Beowulf, 2703.
. Hamlet III, ii, 336.
. Poema Morale 2; before 1200.
. Nosce Teipsum. Of the Soule, etc., stanza 15.
. Essay on Criticism I, 53
. Absalom I, 161.
. See pp. 147 sq.
. Much Ado I, i, 63.
. Troilus II, 271.
. Histories II, 4.
. Epistle 95.
. Histories IV, 5.
. De Finibus V, 13.
. Annals I, i.
. Vesp. xviii.
. II, Pr. iii.
. Democritus to the Reader.
. Epist. II, i, 88.
. Defence of the Epilogue. Essays, ed. Ker, vol. I, p. 163.
. Quintilian VIII, iii.
. Ibid. II, iv.
. Essay on Criticism I, 82.
. Cicero, Ad Quintum II, ii. Some emend to ‘but not much art’. The choice of reading makes no difference for our purpose.
. E.C. II, 532.
. Quintilian, X, i.
. E.C. I, 17.
. De Arte, 295.
. L’Art Poétique IV, 78.
. I, 36.
. How far we have travelled from the neo-classic age and also how far it had travelled from the sixteenth century; for S.O.D. gives the date 1530 for its loftier sense.
. Ker, vol. I, p. 82.
. Ibid. vol. II, p. 102.
. Much Ado I, i, 57.
. Hen. IV, Pt. 2, I, ii, 8.
. Preface to Gondibert.
. Discourse of the English Stage.
. Preface to Annus Mirabilis, Ker, vol. I, p. 14.
. Preface to The Sullen Lovers.
. Defence of the Epilogue, Ker, vol. I, p. 173.
. Preface to the Fables, Ker, vol. II, p. 256.
. Dramatic Poesy, Ker, vol. I, p. 72.
. Ibid. p. 92.
. Preface to Ovid’s Epistles, Ker, vol. I, pp. 233–4.
. Ode to Wit, stanza 8.
. Preface to Annus Mirabilis, Ker, vol. I, p. 14.
. The Author’s Apology etc., Ker, vol. I, p. 190.
. Ker, vol. I, p. 270.
. Spectator, 62.
. Essay on Criticism, II, 297.
. Italics mine. Defence of the Epilogue. Ker, vol. I, p. 172.
. E.C. II, 396.
. Spectator, 62.
. Life of Cowley.
CHAPTER 5: FREE
. Cyropaedia III, ii, 23.
. St Augustine, Confessions IX, 8.
. Aristotle, Ethics, 1119 b.
. Metamorphoses I, 41.
. Republic III, viii.
. Cicero, Offices II, xvi.
. C. III, 82.
. B. II, 75.
. C.T. A. 46
. Piers Plowman, B. X, 74.
. Pearl, 481.
. C.T. B. 1233.
. F. 1622.
. Emblems I, iv.
. St Patrick’s Day II, ii.
. Steele, Spectator, 493.
. Boswell, 16 September 1777.
. Sermon before the Queen, 24 February 1590.
. Probably under the influence of A.V. I Samuel XXV. 3–11.
. Leg. 1823.
. Hamlet II, ii, 619.
. As You Like It III, i, 14.
. Lear I, ii, 183.
. Errors I, ii, 19.
. Taming I, ii, 8–19.
. Hen. VI, Pt I, II, iv 81.
. In Timaeum CXXXVI.
. Gawain, 652.
. Hen. V, I, ii, 244.
. Othello I, iii, 37.
. Confessio VIII, 3023.
. Merchant IV, i, 39.
. Jonson, Alchemist I, i.
. Acts xxii. 29.
. Axiochus, 369.
. Cyropaedia I, ii, 3.
. 982 b, Everyman ed., p. 55.
. 1075 b.
. De Mundo, 392 a.
. Ethics, 1177 b.
. De Oratore III, xxxii.
. Ovid, Ex Ponto II, ix, 47.
. Journey to the Western Islands, Ostig.
. Boswell, 14 January 1766.
. History VI.
. Scope and Nature of University Education, IV.
CHAPTER 6: SENSE
. Catiline II, xii, 27.
. History I, 89.
. Metamorphoses VI, 118–20.
. Odes II, vii, 10.
. Odes III, xxiii, 5.
. Aeneid IV, 105.
. Epistles LXXV.
. Republic III, xxi.
. Epistles XCIX.
. Ad Familiares V, ii.
. Thomas Usk, Testament of Love III, ix.
. De Officiis XVI, 66.
. De Officiis III, iii, 13.
. Roman de la Rose, 19081.
. Troilus I, 393.
. Laws I, xxii, 58.
. Prologue, A. 306.
. Rambler, 79.
. Paradise Regained IV, 264.
. Elegy VII, 19.
. Ex Ponto I, ii, 32.
. Ad Familiares IV, ii, 10.
. Of Praise.
. To Atticus XV, 7.
. Othello V, ii, 288.
. History. Both in ch. X.
. Romans xiv, 5.
. Ibid. i. 28.
. Discourse on Method VI.
. Pt III, Sect. 4, Mem. 2, Subs. vi.
. Samson Agonistes, 1685.
. Fasti V, 484.
. Church-Porch, 431.
. Preface to The Rival Ladies, Essays, ed. W. P. Ker, vol. I, p. 7.
. Satires I, iii, 66.
. Aristotle, De Memoria, 450 a.
. Sonnet CXLI.
. See Pt I, Sec. 1, Mem. 2, Subs. vii.
. De Oratore I, iii, 12.
. F.Q. IV, x, 2.
. De Finibus IV, 19.
. Epistle 9.
. The Two Souls, 10.
. De Rege I, vi, 1598.
. De Natura Deorum III, 13.
. P.L. VI, 394.
. Farewell to Love, 18.
. Valediction Forbidding Mourning, 14.
. De Sensu, 436a.
. C.T. l. 2262.
. Essay on Man I, 226.
. To Arbuthnot, 147.
. Essay I, iii. 4.
. Satire II, 80.
. L’Art Poétique, 181.
. Spectator, 2.
. Life of Prior.
. E.C. I, 23.
. Essay on Translated Verse, 115.
. Epistle 124.
. Locke, Essay II, i, 3.
. Rape of Lucrece, 1678.
. Metamorphoses XII, 166.
. Georgics I, 93.
. P.L. II, 278.
. Rambler, 200.
. Agonistes, 912.
. Sigismonda and Guiscardo, 270.
. Spectator, 231.
. On the Sublime etc., Introduction.
. Idler, 50.
. Sentimental Journey, ‘The Bourbonnais’.
. Mysteries of Udolpho, I, i.
. Hen. IV, Pt 2, I, ii, 191.
. See ibid. V, ii, 6–13.
. Merry Wives II, i, 148.
CHAPTER 7: SIMPLE
. Prologue to Aeneid.
. De Natura Deorum III, xiv.
. Discourse of English Poetrie, 1586. Ed. E. Arber (1895), p. 69.
. Essay II, ii, 1.
. Religio Medici II, 8.
. Montaigne II, xi.
. My translations are very free because Aristotle’s style is so telegraphic that fragments torn from their context and rendered at all literally would be hardly intelligible. I hope and believe I have not misrepresented his thought.
. Summa Theologiae I, 2ae, Q. VI, Art. 6.
. Ductor Dubit. I, V, Rule 8. Heber, vol. XII, p. 159.
. Twelfth Night I, iii, 124.
. Hist. I, XV.
. Matth. vi. 22.
. Met. V, xviii.
. Northanger Abbey, ch. XV.
. Othello I, iii, 247.
. III, 3. Heber, vol. XV, p. 508.
. Fourteen Sermons XXIII. Heber, vol. VI, p. 140.
. Sonnet LXVI.
. Carm. I, xxxviii.
. Ibid. I, vi.
. Spectator, 303.
. The Publisher to the Reader.
. Georgics III, 527.
. English version, l. 1014.
. Purgatorio XVI, 85.
. Hooker, V, lxxvii, 12.
. Midsummer Night’s Dream V, i, 82.
. P.L. XII, 364.
. Steele, Dedication of Tatler, vol. I.
CHAPTER 8: CONSCIENCE AND CONSCIOUS
. Eccles. X. 20.
. Saturnalia I, viii, 17.
. De Testimonio Animae V.
. Inst. VII, xxvii, 3.
. Gawain and the Green Knight, 1197.
. Timon II, ii, 184.
. L.G.W. 1254–5.
. C.T. A. 150.
. O.T. 330.
. Annals III, 30.
. Ibid. VI, 21.
. Metamorphoses XIII, 15.
. Leviathan I, vii, 31.
. Cooper’s Hill, 277.
. P.L. VI, 521.
. Sense and Sensibility, ch. XIV.
. Thesmophoriazusae, 477.
. I Cor. iv. 4.
. Epistles I, i, 61.
. Euripides, Orestes, 395–6.
. Fragment, 632.
. Marcus Aurelius VI, 30.
. Epistles, 97.
. Of Praise.
. Fragment, 669.
. P.L. VIII, 502–3.
. Arcadia V, ed. Feuillerat, p. 155.
. There is room for debate about the meaning of the word in a passage from Tacitus. ‘We have read that when Rusticus praised Thrasea, and Senecio praised Helvidius, it cost them their lives, and that the rage of government, not satisfied with the authors, extended to the books; three commissioners being appointed to have those monuments of high genius publicly burned. Our masters thought, it seems, that in that fire the voice of the Roman people, the liberty of the senate, and the conscientia of mankind, could be annihilated’ (Agricola II). It is tempting here to say ‘conscience’, and to give that word its full, later, sense. Einar Löfstedt almost seems to favour that interpretation when he speaks of Tacitus as ‘the man who first formulated this proud concept’ (Roman Literary Portraits, trans. P. M. Fraser, p. 153, Oxford, 1958). But surely—and this is probably what Löfstedt meant—conscientia contains ‘conscience’ only because it is conscientia in Lactantius’ sense; the communis sensus, the universal ‘feeling’ or ‘outlook’ of mankind? It might mean less. It might be the consciring of humanity to those truths the books contained. Of course consciring, as I have said, is normally the activity of a few. To make all men conscire would thus be a bitter and magnificent oxymoron; Domitian’s government had turned humanity itself into a sort of underground movement.
. C. A. Pierce, Conscience in the New Testament (1955).
. I Tim. i. 5.
. Ibid. 19.
. Acts xxiii. I; cf. xxiv. 16.
. S.T. Ia, LXIX, art. 13.
. Pt. I, Sec. I, Mem. 2, Subs. 10.
. Ductor Dubitantium I, i, I, para. 24. Works, ed. Heber, vol. XI, p. 382.
. Lydgate’s version, 4963–8.
. More, Dialogue of Comfort, I, xviii.
. Roper, Life of More.
. Spenser, F.Q. I, x, 23.
. Op. cit. p. 376.
. Homily, Rogation Week, Pt 3.
. Op. cit. pp. 369, 370, 376.
. P.L. III, 194–5.
. Tempest II, i, 278.
. See S. T. Bindoff, Tudor England, ch. VII.
. Sermons upon Human Nature III, 6.
. Cases of Conscience I, ii, 24.
. Sir Gibbie, ch. 37.
. Apud J. B. Black, Reign of Elizabeth (1936), p. 161.
. Hudibras I, iii, 1141–2.
. Taylor, op. cit. p. 410.
. Ibid. p. 411.
. Roper, Life of More.
. Diary, 7 February 1660–61.
. Op. cit. p. 410.
. P.L. X, 842–3.
. Op. cit. p. 371.
. Rambler, 110.
. Seventh Sermon before Edward VI.
. Op. cit. p. 390.
. M.W.W. I, i, 1.
. Pt 3, sec. 4, memb. I, subs. 3.
. Taylor, op. cit. p. 366.
. Pt 3, sec. 4, memb. I, subs. 4.
. Op. cit. p. 372.
. Merchant II, ii, 1.
. Othello III, iii, 204.
. Discourse upon Usury, ed. R. H. Tawney (1925), p. 234.
. Save and salve, and even solve, may replace one another rather oddly. Milton reproduces the Greek scientific canon sozein ta phainomena (to preserve, ‘get in’, do justice to, all the observed phenomena in any hypothesis you frame) correctly as ‘to save appearances’ (P.L. VIII, 82: cf. ‘to save the phenomenon’, Doctrine and Discipline I, i, Prose Wks. ed. Bohn, vol. III, p. 186). But Burton has ‘to salve all appearances’ (Pt 3, sec. 4, memb. 1, subs. 3) and even ‘to solve all appearances’ (Pt 2, sec. 2, memb. 3).
. Leviathan, Pt 2, XXII, ad fin.
. Essay, II, i, 11.
. Second Defence (1707).
. Even now this distinction can sometimes be made and can use the words consciousness and sentience; but only in learned works.
. Windsor Forest, 90.
. Task I, 156.
CHAPTER 9: WORLD
. Ed. Sedgefield (1899), p. 24, l. 14.
. Sweet, Reader (1922), p. 72, l. 322.
. Sedgefield, op. cit. p. 48, l. 30.
. Ed. R. M. Wilson (1938), p. 36, l. 344 (Royal MS).
. Metr. 8, l. 8 (Sedgefield, Boethius, p. 160).
. Genesis, 318.
. Sedgefield, Boethius, p. 58, l. 28.
. Apologye, ed. A. I. Taft (1930), E.E.T.S. p. 78.
. I, 178.
. Prol. 383–4.
. I, 1257; VII, 2521.
. D. 473.
. Ed. R. S. Sylvester (1959), E.E.T.S. p. 179, l. 8.
. ‘To his coy mistress.’
. Prol. 633.
. VII, 2702.
. A.Y.L.I. I, i, 126–7.
. Ibid. II, iii, 57.
. Hen. VI, Pt 2, IV, ii, 10–11.
. Boswell, 14 July 1763.
. Journal, 20 January 1826.
. Huon of Bordeuxe, ed. S. L. Lee, E.E.T.S. vol. II (1883), p. 498.
. Sedgefield, Boethius, p. 9, l. II.
. Sedgefield, Boethius, p. 11, l. 6.
. A. 2839.
. Ibid. 2847.
. B. Prol. 18.
. 530.
. A. 187.
. Boswell, 16 November 1776.
. Lucretius I, 20.
. De Republica VI, 22.
. Virgil, Georgics II, 295.
. Cicero, De Republica II, 10.
. Aen. VI, 792.
. Germania XIX.
. Iliad XXII, 58.
. Pindar, Pyth. III, 152.
. Septem, 745.
. De Caelo, 279 a.
. Timaeus, 37 d.
. Lucrece, 967.
. Politicus, 269 d-270 e.
. Cicero, De Finibus II, 8.
. Epist. I, v, 3.
. II, iv, 3.
. Plato, Gorgias, 508 a.
. An Appeal to all that Doubt (1742), p. 86.
. See above, .
. Journal, 8 June 1826.
. Browning, Bishop Blougram’s Apology, l. 770.
. F.Q. II, vii, 8.
. A. 292.
. C. xi, 90.
. Saints’ Everlasting Rest IV, iv.
. ‘Adam’s Curse’, 12–14.
. Ælfric, Oswald, 55.
. Ælfric, Assumption of St John, 57–8.
. ‘A Sovereign Mistress’, R. H. Robbins, Secular Lyrics of the XIVth and XVth Centuries (1955), p. 142.
. Inferno VII, 77.
. Journal, 20 January 1826.
. Malory XXI, ix.
. Fra Lippo Lippi, 93.
. Samson, 1707.
. Shaw, Man and Superman IV, i.
. Milton, P.L. IV, 271.
. Arnold, Sohrab, 46.
. The Nature of the Physical World, p. 169.
. First Men in the Moon XXI.
. The Nature of the Physical World, p. 165.
. Tamburlaine, 873.
. Il Penseroso, 69.
. Timaeus, 30 c–31 b; De Caelo, 276 a–279 b. They call it indifferently kosmos and ouranos (heaven), the Earth being such an inconsiderable part of it.
. Nothing spatial or temporal did; see De Caelo, 279 a.
. 3, 2, 3; 3, 4, 1, 5.
. Entretiens sur la Pluralité des Mondes V.
. Ibid. title of Soir II.
. The Two Voices, 24.
. The Nature of the Physical World, p. 166.
. P.L. II, 893.
. Ibid. III, 554.
. Ibid. V, 259.
. Ibid. III, 583.
. Ibid. I, 650.
. Squire’s Tale, F. 271.
. Molière, Le Misanthrope I, 11.
. Musset, Un Caprice III.
. G. Vivante, Il Nipote del Mago (1960), p. 69.
. Troilus III, 1490.
. P.L. IX, 11.
. Troilus III, 1721.
. IV, 2078
. New Atlantis.
. Miscellanies, Tract XII.
. The Good-morrow.
. Ch. I.
. The Everlasting Man II, i.
. The English Mystical Tradition (1961), p. 42.
. H. Jackson, The Complete Nonsense of Edward Lear (1947), p. X.
. First Men in the Moon XIII.
. Tintern Abbey, 105.
. Endymion I.
. Marcus Aurelius.
. Lucan V, 469.
. Venantius Fortunatus, Vexilla regis.
. Roman de la Rose, 1033.
. Pearl, 423–4.
. Gawain and the Green Knight, 1226.
. Boswell, 25 June 1763.
. I, ii.
. Journal, 13 November 1826.
. Ibid. 25 August 1826.
. Ibid. 7 October 1826.
. Ibid. 27 March 1827.
. Boswell, 14 July 1763.
. Boswell, shortly before 15 May 1776.
. Guardian, 116.
. ‘Joubert’, Essays in Criticism.
. Ibid.
. Boswell, 8 December 1763.
. Rape of the Lock: end-note.
. Rape V, 133.
. Letter, 5 September O.S. 1748.
. Musset, Il faut qu’une porte.
. For what follows I am gratefully indebted to the kindness of Professor G. Gougenheim of Vanves.
CHAPTER 10: LIFE
. Iliad xix, 24–7.
. Ibid. v, 685.
. Aeschylus, P.V. 862.
. Nem. IX, 29.
. Iliad XXII, 161.
. Ibid. V, 696.
. Ibid. XXIII, 104.
. Ibid. I, 3–4.
. Odyssey XI, 601–4.
. The Phaedo gives perhaps the fullest statement of this theme.
. Met. XV, 528.
. Aen. IX, 349.
. Ibid. XII, 952.
. Horace, Odes I, X, 17.
. Aen. VI, 293.
. Beow. 2743.
. Ibid. 731–3.
. Ibid. 2471.
. Windsor Forest, 134.
. Aen. V, 517.
. II, 1225.
. VIII, 81.
. St. II, 12.
. Beow. 2844–5.
. Chaucer, Leg. Prol. F. 59.
. Macbeth, I, iv, 7.
. Parlement I.
. Annals I, ix.
. Concilium in Monte Remarici, 52.
. ‘Christ’s Advent’, pt. 3. Works, ed. Heber (1822), vol. V, p. 45.
. Centuries III, 8.
. Lord’s Prayer V.
. I, I, x, 2.
. Reynard.
. A.Y.L.I. II, i, 2.
. Boswell, 27 March 1775.
. Pont. I, ix, 31.
. Georgics II, 467.
. Epist. I, xviii, 103.
. Euripides, Andr. 1214.
. Pyth. III, 152 sq.
. Od. XV, 491.
. Pol. 1256 a sq.
. IV, 112.
. Eth. Nic. 1095 b.
. Eth. Nic. 1179 a.
. Poet. 1450 a.
. Lucretius II, 38.
. Seneca, Ep. XLIX.
. Quintilian X, i.
. Wanderer, 59–60; cf. 89.
. Macbeth V, V, 24.
. Dryden, Aureng-Zebe, IV, i, 33.
. Johnson, Rasselas XI.
. Longfellow.
. Arnold, ‘The Study of Poetry’.
. Hawthorn and Lavender XL.
. Orthodoxy V.
. Delta, 23 February 1961, p. 28.
. Essays in Criticism II, 4 October 1952, p. 358.
. D. H. Lawrence (1957), p. 28.
. 29 January 1961, p. 25.
. Oed. Col. 1222.
. Martial X, 47.
. Milton, P.L. XI, 549.
. Juvenal VIII, 84.
. Sophocles, O. T. 1214.
. Beaux’ Stratagem IV, i.
. Lawrence, Sons and Lovers X.
. Arnold, ‘Joubert’, Essays in Criticism.
. See above, pp. 40–42.
. Lawrence, Selected Literary Criticism, ed. A. Beal (1955), ‘Study of Thomas Hardy’, p. 177.
. Shaw, Back to Methuselah, p. iii.
. Ibid. p. 238.
. Ibid. p. 246.
. Selected Literary Criticism, ‘Why the novel matters’, p. 107.
. D. H. Lawrence, p. 73.
. Ibid. p. 75.
. Ibid. p. 82.
. Essays in Criticism III, 2 (April 1953), p. 218.
. Ibid. p. 219.
. 20 March 1776.
. They Were Defeated (1960), p. 378.
. ‘The Dragon of the Apocalypse.’
. Marcus Aurelius.
. ‘All theory, my friend, is grey, but green is the golden tree of life’, Faust. Studierzimmer 2.
. Shakespeare, p. 143.
. The Common Reader, ‘Modern Fiction’.
. The Nature of the Physical World, p. 170.
. Symposium, 210 b–211 b.
. The alternative names, ‘Form’ and ‘Idea’, have too many false associations.
. The Path to Reconstruction (1941), p. v.
. The Path to Reconstruction (1941), p. 3.
. Medieval English Poetry: the Non-Chaucerian Tradition (1957), p. 221.
. Nietzsche, quoted by R. B. Sewall, ‘The Tragic Form’, Essays in Criticism IV, 4 (1954), p. 350.
. D. H. Lawrence: Novelist (1957), p. 99. Dr Leavis, unlike many vitalists, wisely adds to ‘the oneness of life’ the ‘separateness and irreducible otherness of lives’ (p. 102).
. Selected Literary Criticism, ed. A. Beal (1955), ‘Study of Thomas Hardy’, p. 202.
. Penguin ed., pp. 430–1.
. S. Findlay, Immortal Longings (1961), p. 34.
. Bergson, L’Évolution Créatrice (1917), p. 53.
. Shaw (quoting Lorenz Oken), Back to Methuselah, p. xxix.
. Ibid. p. lxxviii.
. Ibid. p. 10.
. H. G. Wells, Short History (1928), p. 15.
. Bergson, L’Évolution Créatrice, p. 57.
CHAPTER 11: I DARE SAY
. Ch. XI, Gadshill edn. vol. I, p. 169.
. Ibid. XIII, p. 217
. E. Nesbit, Five Children and It, ch. II.
. Mikado II.
. Five Children and It, ch. II.
. (1943), p. 117.
. The Trial of Lady Chatterley (1961), p. 281 (debate in the Lords).
. The Phoenix and the Carpet, ch. IX.
. Malory, Morte XXI, xiii.
. Pilgrim’s Progress, Pt II.
. Ch. XII.
. Ch. IX.
. Ch. XXXII.
. Sense and Sensibility XXXIV.
. Northanger Abbey XI.
. Sense and Sensibility II.
. Sense and Sensibility XIV.
. Pride and Prejudice III.
CHAPTER 12: AT THE FRINGE OF LANGUAGE
. Op. cit. ch. I.
. Prometheus Unbound II, v, 72.
. Elegy XIX, 13.
. Prelude VI, 134.