Against the Valentinians.
Chapter XXV.-The Assumption that There are Two Earths Mentioned in the History of the Creation, Refuted.
Chapter XXVI.-The Method Observed in the History of the Creation, in Reply to the Perverse Interpretation of Hermogenes.
Chapter XXVII.-Some Hair-Splitting Use of Words in Which His Opponent Had Indulged.
Chapter XXIX.-The Gradual Development of Cosmical Order Out of Chaos in the Creation, Beautifully Stated.
Chapter XXX.-Another Passage in the Sacred History of the Creation, Released from the Mishandling of Hermogenes.
Chapter XXXI.-A Further Vindication of the Scripture Narrative of the Creation, Against a Futile View of Hermogenes.
Chapter XXXII.-The Account of the Creation in Genesis a General One. Corroborated, However, by Many Other Passages of the Old Testament, Which Give Account of Specific Creations. Further Cavillings Confuted.
Chapter XXXIII.-Statement of the True Doctrine Concerning Matter. Its Relation to God's Creation of the World.
Chapter XXXIV.-A Presumption that All Things Were Created by God Out of Nothing Afforded by the Ultimate Reduction of All Things to Nothing. Scriptures Proving This Reduction Vindicated from Hermogenes' Charge of Being Merely Figurative.
Chapter XXXV.-Contradictory Propositions Advanced by Hermogenes Respecting Matter and Its Qualities.
Chapter XXXVI.-Other Absurd Theories Respecting Matter and Its Incidents Exposed in an Ironical Strain, Motion in Matter. Hermogenes' Conceits Respecting It.
Chapter XXXVII.-Ironical Dilemmas Respecting Matter, and Sundry Moral Qualities Fancifully Attributed to It.
Chapter XXXIII.-Other Speculations of Hermogenes, About Matter and Some of Its Adjuncts, Shown to Be Absurd. For Instance, Its Alleged Infinity.
Chapter XXXIX.-These Latter Speculations Shown to Be Contradictory to the First Principles Respecting Matter, Formerly Laid Down by Hermogenes.
Chapter XL.-Shapeless Matter an Incongruous Origin for God's Beautiful Cosmos. Hermogenes Does Not Mend His Argument by Supposing that Only a Portion of Matter Was Used in the Creation.
Chapter XLI.-Sundry Quotations from Hermogenes. Now Uncertain and Vague are His Speculations Respecting Motion in Matter, and the Material Qualities of Good and Evil.
Chapter XLII.-Further Exposure of Inconsistencies in the Opinions of Hermogenes Respecting the Divine Qualities of Matter.
Chapter XLIII.-Other Discrepancies Exposed and Refuted Respecting the Evil in Matter Being Changed to Good.
Chapter XLIV.-Curious Views Respecting God's Method of Working with Matter Exposed. Discrepancies in the Heretic's Opinion About God's Local Relation to Matter.
Chapter XLV.-Conclusion. Contrast Between the Statements of Hermogenes and the Testimony of Holy Scripture Respecting the Creation. Creation Out of Nothing, Not Out of Matter.
Against the Valentinians.
In which the author gives a concise account of, together with sundry caustic animadversions on, the very fantastic theology of the sect. This treatise is professedly taken from the writings of Justin, Miltiades, Irenaeus, and Proculus.
Chapter I.-Introductory. Tertullian Compares the Heresy to the Old Eleusinian Mysteries. Both Systems Alike in Preferring Concealment of Error and Sin to Proclamation of Truth and Virtue.
Chapter II.-These Heretics Brand the Christians as Simple Persons. The Charge Accepted, and Simplicity Eulogized Out of the Scriptures.
Chapter III.-The Folly of This Heresy. It Dissects and Mutilates the Deity. Contrasted with the Simple Wisdom of True Religion. To Expose the Absurdities of the Valentinian System is to Destroy It.
Chapter IV.-The Heresy Traceable to Valentinus, an Able But Restless Man. Many Schismatical Leaders of the School Mentioned. Only One of Them Shows Respect to the Man Whose Name Designates the Entire School.
Chapter V.-Many Eminent Christian Writers Have Carefully and Fully Refuted the Heresy. These the Author Makes His Own Guides.
Chapter VI.-Although Writing in Latin He Proposes to Retain the Greek Names of the Valentinian Emanations of Deity. Not to Discuss the Heresy But Only to Expose It. This with the Raillery Which Its Absurdity Merits.
Chapter VII.-The First Eight Emanations, or ¦ons, Called the Ogdoad, are the Fountain of All the Others. Their Names and Descent Recorded.
Chapter VIII.-The Names and Descent of Other ¦ons; First Half a Score, Then Two More, and Ultimately a Dozen Besides. These Thirty Constitute the Pleroma. But Why Be So Capricious as to Stop at Thirty?
Chapter IX.-Other Capricious Features in the System. The ¦ons Unequal in Attributes. The Superiority of Nus; The Vagaries of Sophia Restrained by Horos. Grand Titles Borne by This Last Power.
Chapter X.-Another Account of the Strange Aberrations of Sophia, and the Restraining Services of Horus. Sophia Was Not Herself, After All, Ejected from the Pleroma, But Only Her Enthymesis.
Chapter XI.-The Profane Account Given of the Origin of Christ and the Holy Ghost Sternly Rebuked. An Absurdity Respecting the Attainment of the Knowledge of God Ably Exposed.
Chapter XII.-The Strange Jumble of the Pleroma. The Frantic Delight of the Members Thereof. Their Joint Contribution of Parts Set Forth with Humorous Irony.
Chapter XIII.-First Part of the Subject, Touching the Constitution of the Pleroma, Briefly Recapitulated. Transition to the Other Part, Which is Like a Play Outside the Curtain.
Chapter XIV.-The Adventures of Achamoth Outside the Pleroma. The Mission of Christ in Pursuit of Her. Her Longing for Christ. Horos' Hostility to Her. Her Continued Suffering.
Chapter XV.-Strange Account of the Origin of Matter, from the Various Affections of Achamoth. The Waters from Her Tears; Light from Her Smile.
Chapter XVI.-Achamoth Purified from All Impurities of Her Passion by the Paraclete, Acting Through Soter, Who Out of the Above-Mentioned Impurities Arranges Matter, Separating Its Evil from the Better Qualities.
Chapter XVII.-Achamoth in Love with the Angels. A Protest Against the Lascivious Features of Valentinianism. Achamoth Becomes the Mother of Three Natures.
Chapter XVIII.-Blasphemous Opinion Concerning the Origin of the Demiurge, Supposed to Be the Creator of the Universe.
Chapter XIX.-Palpable Absurdities and Contradictions in the System Respecting Achamoth and the Demiurge.
Chapter XX-The Demiurge Works Away at Creation, as the Drudge of His Mother Achamoth, in Ignorance All the While of the Nature of His Occupation.
Chapter XXI.-The Vanity as Well as Ignorance of the Demiurge. Absurd Results from So Imperfect a Condition.
Chapter XXII.-Origin of the Devil, in the Criminal Excess of the Sorrow of Achamoth. The Devil, Called Also Munditenens, Actually Wiser Than the Demiurge, Although His Work.
Chapter XXIII.-The Relative Positions of the Pleroma. The Region of Achamoth, and the Creation of the Demiurge. The Addition of Fire to the Various Elements and Bodies of Nature.
Chapter XXIV.-The Formation of Man by the Demiurge. Human Flesh Not Made of the Ground, But of a Nondescript Philosophic Substance.
Chapter XXV.-An Extravagant Way of Accounting for the Communication of the Spiritual Nature to Man. It Was Furtively Managed by Achamoth, Through the Unconscious Agency of Her Son.
Chapter XXVI.-The Three Several Natures-The Material, the Animal, and the Spiritual, and Their Several Destinations. The Strange Valentinian Opinion About the Structure of Soter's Nature.
Chapter XXVII.-The Christ of the Demiurge, Sent into the World by the Virgin. Not of Her. He Found in Her, Not a Mother, But Only a Passage or Channel. Jesus Descended Upon Christ, at His Baptism, Like a Dove; But, Being Incapable of Suffering, He Left Christ to Die on the Cross Alone.
Chapter XXVIII.-The Demiurge Cured of His Ignorance by the Saviour's Advent, from Whom He Hears of the Great Future in Store for Himself.
Chapter XXIX.-The Three Natures Again Adverted to. They are All Exemplified Amongst Men. For Instance, by Cain, and Abel, and Seth.
Chapter XXX.-The Lax and Dangerous Views of This Sect Respecting Good Works. That These are Unnecessary to the Spiritual Man.
Chapter XXXI.-At the Last Day Great Changes Take Place Amongst the ¦ons as Well as Among Men. How Achamoth and the Demiurge are Affected Then. Irony on the Subject.
Chapter XXXII.-Indignant Irony Exposing the Valentinian Fable About the Judicial Treatment of Mankind at the Last Judgment. The Immorality of the Doctrine.
Chapter XXXIII.-These Remaining Chapters an Appendix to the Main Work. In This Chapter Tertullian Notices a Difference Among Sundry Followers of Ptolemy, a Disciple of Valentinus.
Chapter XXXIV.-Other Varying Opinions Among the Valentinians Respecting the Deity, Characteristic Raillery.
Chapter XXXV.-Yet More Discrepancies. Just Now the Sex of Bythus Was an Object of Dispute; Now His Rank Comes in Question. Absurd Substitutes for Bythus Criticised by Tertullian.
Chapter XXXVI.-Less Reprehensible Theories in the Heresy. Bad is the Best of Valentinianism.
Chapter XXXVII.-Other Turgid and Ridiculous Theories About the Origin of the ¦ons and Creation, Stated and Condemned.
Chapter XXXVIII.-Diversity in the Opinions of Secundus, as Compared with the General Doctrine of Valentinus.
Chapter XXXIX.-Their Diversity of Sentiment Affects the Very Central Doctrine of Christianity, Even the Person and Character of the Lord Jesus. This Diversity Vitiates Every Gnostic School.
On the Flesh of Christ.
This was written by our author in confutation of certain heretics who denied the reality of Christ's flesh, or at least its identity with human flesh-fearing that, if they admitted the reality of Christ's flesh, they must also admit his resurrection in the flesh; and, consequently, the resurrection of the human body after death.
Chapter I.-The General Purport of This Work. The Heretics, Marcion, Apelles, and Valentinus, Wishing to Impugn the Doctrine of the Resurrection, Deprive Christ of All Capacity for Such a Change by Denying His Flesh.
Chapter II.-Marcion, Who Would Blot Out the Record of Christ's Nativity, is Rebuked for So Startling a Heresy.
Chapter III.-Christ's Nativity Both Possible and Becoming. The Heretical Opinion of Christ's Apparent Flesh Deceptive and Dishonourable to God, Even on Marcion's Principles.
Chapter IV.-God's Honour in the Incarnation of His Son Vindicated. Marcion's Disparagement of Human Flesh Inconsistent as Well as Impious. Christ Has Cleansed the Flesh. The Foolishness of God is Most Wise.
Chapter V.-Christ Truly Lived and Died in Human Flesh. Incidents of His Human Life on Earth, and Refutation of Marcion's Docetic Parody of the Same.
Chapter VI.-The Doctrine of Apelles Refuted, that Christ's Body Was of Sidereal Substance, Not Born. Nativity and Mortality are Correlative Circumstances, and in Christ's Case His Death Proves His Birth.
Chapter VII.-Explanation of the Lord's Question About His Mother and His Brethren. Answer to the Cavils of Apelles and Marcion, Who Support Their Denial of Christ's Nativity by It.
Chapter VIII.-Apelles and His Followers, Displeased with Our Earthly Bodies, Attributed to Christ a Body of a Purer Sort. How Christ Was Heavenly Even in His Earthly Flesh.
Chapter IX.-Christ's Flesh Perfectly Natural, Like Our Own. None of the Supernatural Features Which the Heretics Ascribed to It Discoverable, on a Careful View.
Chapter X.-Another Class of Heretics Refuted. They Alleged that Christ's Flesh Was of a Finer Texture, Animalis, Composed of Soul.
Chapter XI.-The Opposite Extravagance Exposed. That is Christ with a Soul Composed of Flesh-Corporeal, Though Invisible. Christ's Soul, Like Ours, Distinct from Flesh, Though Clothed in It.
Chapter XII.-The True Functions of the Soul. Christ Assumed It in His Perfect Human Nature, Not to Reveal and Explain It, But to Save It. Its Resurrection with the Body Assured by Christ.
Chapter XIII.-Christ's Human Nature. The Flesh and the Soul Both Fully and Un-Confusedly Contained in It.
Chapter XIV.-Christ Took Not on Him an Angelic Nature, But the Human. It Was Men, Not Angels, Whom He Came to Save.
Chapter XV.-The Valentinian Figment of Christ's Flesh Being of a Spiritual Nature, Examined and Refuted Out of Scripture.
Chapter XVI.-Christ's Flesh in Nature, the Same as Ours, Only Sinless. The Difference Between Carnem Peccati and Peccatum Carnis: It is the Latter Which Christ Abolished. The Flesh of the First Adam, No Less Than that of the Second Adam, Not Received from Human Seed, Although as Entirely Human as Our Own, Which is Derived from It.
Chapter XVII.-The Similarity of Circumstances Between the First and the Second Adam, as to the Derivation of Their Flesh. An Analogy Also Pleasantly Traced Between Eve and the Virgin Mary.
Chapter XVIII.-The Mystery of the Assumption of Our Perfect Human Nature by the Second Person of the Blessed Trinity. He is Here Called, as Often Elsewhere, the Spirit.
Chapter XIX.-Christ, as to His Divine Nature, as the Word of God, Became Flesh, Not by Carnal Conception, Nor by the Will of the Flesh and of Man, But by the Will of God. Christ's Divine Nature, of Its Own Accord, Descended into the Virgin's Womb.
Chapter XX.-Christ Born of a Virgin, of Her Substance. The Physiological Facts of His Real and Exact Birth of a Human Mother, as Suggested by Certain Passages of Scripture.
Chapter XXI.-The Word of God Did Not Become Flesh Except in the Virgin's Womb and of Her Substance. Through His Mother He is Descended from Her Great Ancestor David. He is Described Both in the Old and in the New Testament as "The Fruit of David's Loins."
Chapter XXII.-Holy Scripture in the New Testament, Even in Its Very First Verse, Testifies to Christ's True Flesh. In Virtue of Which He is Incorporated in the Human Stock of David, and Abraham, and Adam.
Chapter XXIII.-Simeon's "Sign that Should Be Contradicted," Applied to the Heretical Gainsaying of the True Birth of Christ. One of the Heretics' Paradoxes Turned in Support of Catholic Truth.
Chapter XXIV.-Divine Strictures on Various Heretics Descried in Various Passages of Prophetical Scripture. Those Who Assail the True Doctrine of the One Lord Jesus Christ, Both God and Man, Thus Condemned.
Chapter XXV.-Conclusion. This Treatise Forms a Preface to the Other Work, "On the Resurrection of the Flesh," Proving the Reality of the Flesh Which Was Truly Born, and Died, and Rose Again.
Elucidations.
I
II
On the Resurrection of the Flesh.
Chapter I.-The Doctrine of the Resurrection of the Body Brought to Light by the Gospel. The Faintest Glimpses of Something Like It Occasionally Met with in Heathenism. Inconsistencies of Pagan Teaching.
Chapter II.-The Jewish Sadducees a Link Between the Pagan Philosophers and the Heretics on This Doctrine. Its Fundamental Importance Asserted. The Soul Fares Better Than the Body, in Heretical Estimation, as to Its Future State. Its Extinction, However, Was Held by One Lucan.
Chapter III.-Some Truths Held Even by the Heathen, They Were, However, More Often Wrong Both in Religious Opinions and in Moral Practice. The Heathen Not to Be Followed in Their Ignorance of the Christian Mystery. The Heretics Perversely Prone to Follow Them.
Chapter IV.-Heathens and Heretics Alike in Their Vilification of the Flesh and Its Functions, the Ordinary Cavils Against the Final Restitution of So Weak and Ignoble a Substance.
Chapter V.-Some Considerations in Reply Eulogistic of the Flesh. It Was Created by God. The Body of Man Was, in Fact, Previous to His Soul.
Chapter VI.-Not the Lowliness of the Material, But the Dignity and Skill of the Maker, Must Be Remembered, in Gauging the Excellence of the Flesh. Christ Partook of Our Flesh.
Chapter VII.-The Earthy Material of Which Flesh is Created Wonderfully Improved by God's Manipulation. By the Addition of the Soul in Man's Constitution It Became the Chief Work in the Creation.
Chapter VIII.-Christianity, by Its Provision for the Flesh, Has Put on It the Greatest Honour. The Privileges of Our Religion in Closest Connection with Our Flesh. Which Also Bears a Large Share in the Duties and Sacrifices of Religion.
Chapter IX.-God's Love for the Flesh of Man, as Developed in the Grace of Christ Towards It. The Flesh the Best Means of Displaying the Bounty and Power of God.
Chapter X.-Holy Scripture Magnifies the Flesh, as to Its Nature and Its Prospects.
Chapter XI.-The Power of God Fully Competent to Effect the Resurrection of the Flesh.
Chapter XII.-Some Analogies in Nature Which Corroborate the Resurrection of the Flesh.
Chapter XIII.-From Our Author's View of a Verse in the Ninety-Second Psalm, the Phînix is Made a Symbol of the Resurrection of Our Bodies.
Chapter XIV.-A Sufficient Cause for the Resurrection of the Flesh Occurs in the Future Judgment of Man, It Will Take Cognisance of the Works of the Body No Less Than of the Soul.
Chapter XV.-As the Flesh is a Partaker with the Soul in All Human Conduct, So Will It Be in the Recompense of Eternity.
Chapter XVI.-The Heretics Called the Flesh "The Vessel of the Soul," In Order to Destroy the Responsibility of the Body. Their Cavil Turns Upon Themselves and Shows the Flesh to Be a Sharer in Human Actions.
Chapter XVII.-The Flesh Will Be Associated with the Soul in Enduring the Penal Sentences of the Final Judgment.
Chapter XVIII.-Scripture Phrases and Passages Clearly Assert "The Resurrection of the Dead." The Force of This Very Phrase Explained as Indicating the Prominent Place of the Flesh in the General Resurrection.
Chapter XIX.-The Sophistical Sense Put by Heretics on the Phrase "Resurrection of the Dead," As If It Meant the Moral Change of a New Life.
Chapter XX.-Figurative Senses Have Their Foundation in Literal Fact. Besides, the Allegorical Style is by No Means the Only One Found in the Prophetic Scriptures, as Alleged by the Heretics.
Chapter XXI.-No Mere Metaphor in the Phrase Resurrection of the Dead. In Proportion to the Importance of Eternal Truths, is the Clearness of Their Scriptural Enunciation.
Chapter XXII.-The Scripture Bid Our Supposing Either that the Resurrection is Already Past, or that It Takes Place Immediately at Death. Our Hopes and Prayers Point to the Last Great Day as the Period of Its Accomplishment.
Chapter XXIII.-Sundry Passages of St. Paul, Which Speak of a Spiritual Resurrection, Compatible with the Future Resurrection of the Body, Which is Even Assumed in Them.
Chapter XXIV.-Other Passages Quoted from St. Paul, Which Categorically Assert the Resurrection of the Flesh at the Final Judgment.
Chapter XXV.-St. John, in the Apocalypse, Equally Explicit in Asserting the Same Great Doctrine.
Chapter XXVI.-Even the Metaphorical Descriptions of This Subject in the Scriptures Point to the Bodily Resurrection, the Only Sense Which Secures Their Consistency and Dignity.
Chapter XXVII.-Certain Metaphorical Terms Explained of the Resurrection of the Flesh.
Chapter XXVIII.-Prophetic Things and Actions, as Well as Words, Attest This Great Doctrine.
Chapter XXIX.-Ezekiel's Vision of the Dry Bones Quoted.
Chapter XXX.-This Vision Interpreted by Tertullian of the Resurrection of the Bodies of the Dead. A Chronological Error of Our Author, Who Supposes that Ezekiel in His Ch. XXXI. Prophesied Before the Captivity.
Chapter XXXI.-Other Passages Out of the Prophets Applied to the Resurrection of the Flesh.
Chapter XXXII.-Even Unburied Bodies Will Be Raised Again. Whatever Befalls Them God Will Restore Them Again. Jonah's Case Quoted in Illustration of God's Power.
Chapter XXXIII.-So Much for the Prophetic Scriptures. In the Gospels, Christ's Parables, as Explained by Himself, Have a Clear Reference to the Resurrection of the Flesh.
Chapter XXXIV.-Christ Plainly Testifies to the Resurrection of the Entire Man. Not in His Soul Only, Without the Body.
Chapter XXXV.-Explanation of What is Meant by the Body, Which is to Be Raised Again. Not the Corporeality of the Soul.
Chapter XXXVI.-Christ's Refutation of the Sadducees, and Affirmation of Catholic Doctrine.
Chapter XXXVII.-Christ's Assertion About the Unprofitableness of the Flesh Explained Consistently with Our Doctrine.
Chapter XXXVIII.-Christ, by Raising the Dead, Attested in a Practical Way the Doctrine of the Resurrection of the Flesh.
Chapter XXXIX.-Additional Evidence Afforded to Us in the Acts of the Apostles.
Chapter XL.-Sundry Passages of St. Paul Which Attest Our Doctrine Rescued from the Perversions of Heresy.
Chapter XLI.-The Dissolution of Our Tabernacle Consistent with the Resurrection of Our Bodies.
Chapter XLII.-Death Changes, Without Destroying, Our Mortal Bodies. Remains of the Giants.
Chapter XLIII.-No Disparagement of Our Doctrine in St. Paul's Phrase, Which Calls Our Residence in the Flesh Absence from the Lord.
Chapter XLIV.-Sundry Other Passages of St. Paul Explained in a Sentence Confirmatory of Our Doctrine.
Chapter XLV.-The Old Man and the New Man of St. Paul Explained.
Chapter XLVI.-It is the Works of the Flesh, Not the Substance of the Flesh, Which St. Paul Always Condemns.
Chapter XLVII.-St. Paul, All Through, Promises Eternal Life to the Body.
Chapter XLVIII.-Sundry Passages in the Great Chapter of the Resurrection of the Dead Explained in Defence of Our Doctrine.
Chapter XLIX.-The Same Subject Continued. What Does the Apostle Exclude from the Dead? Certainly Not the Substance of the Flesh.
Chapter L.-In What Sense Flesh and Blood are Excluded from the Kingdom of God.
Chapter LI.-The Session of Jesus in His Incarnate Nature at the Right Hand of God a Guarantee of the Resurrection of Our Flesh.
Chapter LII.-From St. Paul's Analogy of the Seed We Learn that the Body Which Died Will Rise Again, Garnished with the Appliances of Eternal Life.
Chapter LIII.-Not the Soul, But the Natural Body Which Died, is that Which is to Rise Again. The Resurrection of Lazarus Commented on. Christ's Resurrection, as the Second Adam, Guarantees Our Own.
Chapter LIV.-Death Swallowed Up of Life. Meaning of This Phrase in Relation to the Resurrection of the Body.
Chapter LV.-The Change of a Thing's Condition is Not the Destruction of Its Substance. The Application of This Principle to Our Subject.
Chapter LVI.-The Procedure of the Last Judgment, and Its Awards, Only Possible on the Identity of the Risen Body with Our Present Flesh.
Chapter LVII.-Our Bodies, However Mutilated Before or After Death, Shall Recover Their Perfect Integrity in the Resurrection. Illustration of the Enfranchised Slave.
Chapter LVIII.-From This Perfection of Our Restored Bodies Will Flow the Consciousness of Undisturbed Joy and Peace.
Chapter LIX.-Our Flesh in the Resurrection Capable, Without Losing Its Essential Identity, of Bearing the Changed Conditions of Eternal Life, or of Death Eternal.
Chapter LX.-All the Characteristics of Our Bodies-Sex, Various Limbs, Etc.-Will Be Retained, Whatever Change of Functions These May Have, of Which Point, However, We are No Judges. Analogy of the Repaired Ship.
Chapter LXI.-The Details of Our Bodily Sex, and of the Functions of Our Various Members. Apology for the Necessity Which Heresy Imposes of Hunting Up All Its Unblushing Cavils.
Chapter LXII.-Our Destined Likeness to the Angels in the Glorious Life of the Resurrection.
Chapter LXIII.-Conclusion. The Resurrection of the Flesh in Its Absolute Identity and Perfection. Belief of This Had Become Weak. Hopes for Its Refreshing Restoration Under the Influences of the Paraclete.
Elucidations.
I
II
III
Against Praxeas
Chapter I.-Satan's Wiles Against the Truth. How They Take the Form of the Praxean Heresy. Account of the Publication of This Heresy.
Chapter II.-The Catholic Doctrine of the Trinity and Unity, Sometimes Called the Divine Economy, or Dispensation of the Personal Relations of the Godhead.
Chapter III.-Sundry Popular Fears and Prejudices. The Doctrine of the Trinity in Unity Rescued from These Misapprehensions.
Chapter IV.-The Unity of the Godhead and the Supremacy and Sole Government of the Divine Being. The Monarchy Not at All Impaired by the Catholic Doctrine.
Chapter V.-The Evolution of the Son or Word of God from the Father by a Divine Procession. Illustrated by the Operation of the Human Thought and Consciousness.
Chapter VI.-The Word of God is Also the Wisdom of God. The Going Forth of Wisdom to Create the Universe, According to the Divine Plan.
Chapter VII.-The Son by Being Designated Word and Wisdom, (According to the Imperfection of Human Thought and Language) Liable to Be Deemed a Mere Attribute. He is Shown to Be a Personal Being.
Chapter VIII.-Though the Son or Word of God Emanates from the Father, He is Not, Like the Emanations of Valentinus, Separable from the Father. Nor is the Holy Ghost Separable from Either. Illustrations from Nature.
Chapter IX.-The Catholic Rule of Faith Expounded in Some of Its Points. Especially in the Unconfused Distinction of the Several Persons of the Blessed Trinity.
Chapter X.-The Very Names of Father and Son Prove the Personal Distinction of the Two. They Cannot Possibly Be Identical, Nor is Their Identity Necessary to Preserve the Divine Monarchy.
Chapter XI.-The Identity of the Father and the Son, as Praxeas Held It, Shown to Be Full of Perplexity and Absurdity. Many Scriptures Quoted in Proof of the Distinction of the Divine Persons of the Trinity.
Chapter XII.-Other Quotations from Holy Scripture Adduced in Proof of the Plurality of Persons in the Godhead.
Chapter XIII.-The Force of Sundry Passages of Scripture Illustrated in Relation to the Plurality of Persons and Unity of Substance. There is No Polytheism Here, Since the Unity is Insisted on as a Remedy Against Polytheism.
Chapter XIV.-The Natural Invisibility of the Father, and the Visibility of the Son Witnessed in Many Passages of the Old Testament. Arguments of Their Distinctness, Thus Supplied.
Chapter XV.-New Testament Passages Quoted. They Attest the Same Truth of the Son's Visibility Contrasted with the Father's Invisibility.
Chapter XVI.-Early Manifestations of the Son of God, as Recorded in the Old Testament; Rehearsals of His Subsequent Incarnation.
Chapter XVII.-Sundry August Titles, Descriptive of Deity, Applied to the Son, Not, as Praxeas Would Have It, Only to the Father.
Chapter XVIII.-The Designation of the One God in the Prophetic Scriptures. Intended as a Protest Against Heathen Idolatry, It Does Not Preclude the Correlative Idea of the Son of God. The Son is in the Father.
Chapter XIX.-The Son in Union with the Father in the Creation of All Things. This Union of the Two in Co-Operation is Not Opposed to the True Unity of God. It is Opposed Only to Praxeas' Identification Theory.
Chapter XX.-The Scriptures Relied on by Praxeas to Support His Heresy But Few. They are Mentioned by Tertullian.
Chapter XXI.-In This and the Four Following Chapters It is Shewn, by a Minute Analysis of St. John's Gospel, that the Father and Son are Constantly Spoken of as Distinct Persons.
Chapter XXII.-Sundry Passages of St. John Quoted, to Show the Distinction Between the Father and the Son. Even Praxeas' Classic Text-I and My Father are One-Shown to Be Against Him.
Chapter XXIII.-More Passages from the Same Gospel in Proof of the Same Portion of the Catholic Faith. Praxeas' Taunt of Worshipping Two Gods Repudiated.
Chapter XXIV.-On St. Philip's Conversation with Christ. He that Hath Seen Me, Hath Seen the Father. This Text Explained in an Anti-Praxean Sense.
Chapter XXV.-The Paraclete, or Holy Ghost. He is Distinct from the Father and the Son as to Their Personal Existence. One and Inseparable from Them as to Their Divine Nature. Other Quotations Out of St. John's Gospel.
Chapter XXVI.-A Brief Reference to the Gospels of St. Matthew and St. Luke. Their Agreement with St. John, in Respect to the Distinct Personality of the Father and the Son.
Chapter XXVII.-The Distinction of the Father and the Son, Thus Established, He Now Proves the Distinction of the Two Natures, Which Were, Without Confusion, United in the Person of the Son. The Subterfuges of Praxeas Thus Exposed.
Chapter XXVIII.-Christ Not the Father, as Praxeas Said. The Inconsistency of This Opinion, No Less Than Its Absurdity, Exposed. The True Doctrine of Jesus Christ According to St. Paul, Who Agrees with Other Sacred Writers.
Chapter XXIX.-It Was Christ that Died, the Father is Incapable of Suffering Either Solely or with Another. Blasphemous Conclusions Spring from Praxeas' Premises,
Chapter XXX.-How the Son Was Forsaken by the Father Upon the Cross. The True Meaning Thereof Fatal to Praxeas. So Too, the Resurrection of Christ, His Ascension, Session at the Father's Right Hand, and Mission of the Holy Ghost.
Chapter XXXI.-Retrograde Character of the Heresy of Praxeas. The Doctrine of the Blessed Trinity Constitutes the Great Difference Between Judaism and Christianity.
Postscript.
Elucidations.
I
II
III
Scorpiace.
Chapter I.
Chapter II.
Chapter III.
Chapter IV.
Chapter V.
Chapter VI.
Chapter VII.
Chapter VIII.
Chapter IX.
Chapter X.
Chapter XI.
Chapter XII.
Chapter XIII.
Chapter XIV.
Chapter XV.
Appendix. Against All Heresies.
Chapter I.-Earliest Heretics: Simon Magus, Menander, Saturninus, Basilides, Nicolaus. [the Work Begins as a Fragment.]
Chapter II.-Ophites, Cainites, Sethites.
Chapter III.-Carpocrates, Cerinthus, Ebion.
Chapter IV.-Valentinus, Ptolemy and Secundus, Heracleon.
Chapter V.-Marcus and Colarbasus.
Chapter VI.-Cerdo, Marcion, Lucan, Apelles.
Chapter VII.-Tatian, Cataphrygians, Cataproclans, Cathaeschinetans.
Chapter VIII.-Blastus, Two Theodoti, Praxeas.
On Repentance.
Chapter I.-Of Heathen Repentance.
Chapter II.-True Repentance a Thing Divine, Originated by God, and Subject to His Laws.
Chapter III.-Sins May Be Divided into Corporeal and Spiritual. Both Equally Subject, If Not to Human, Yet to Divine Investigation and Punishment
Chapter IV.-Repentance Applicable to All the Kinds of Sin. To Be Practised Not Only, Nor Chiefly, for the Good It Brings, But Because God Commands It.
Chapter V.-Sin Never to Be Returned to After Repentance.
Chapter VI.-Baptism Not to Be Presumptously Received, It Requires Preceding Repentance, Manifested by Amendment of Life.
Chapter VII.-Of Repentance, in the Case of Such as Have Lapsed After Baptism.
Chapter VIII.-Examples from Scripture to Prove the Lord's Willingness to Pardon.
Chapter IX.-Concerning the Outward Manifestations by Which This Second Repentance is to Be Accompanied.
Chapter X.-Of Men's Shrinking from This Second Repentance and Exomologesis, and of the Unreasonableness of Such Shrinking.
Chapter XI.-Further Strictures on the Same Subject.
Chapter XII.-Final Considerations to Induce to Exomologesis.
Elucidations.
I
II
III
IV
On Baptism.
Chapter I.-Introduction. Origin of the Treatise.
Chapter II.-The Very Simplicity of God's Means of Working, a Stumbling-Block to the Carnal Mind.
Chapter III.-Water Chosen as a Vehicle of Divine Operation and Wherefore. Its Prominence First of All in Creation.
Chapter IV.-The Primeval Hovering of the Spirit of God Over the Waters Typical of Baptism. The Universal Element of Water Thus Made a Channel of Sanctification. Resemblance Between the Outward Sign and the Inward Grace.
Chapter V.-Use Made of Water by the Heathen. Type of the Angel at the Pool of Bethsaida.
Chapter VI.-The Angel the Forerunner of the Holy Spirit. Meaning Contained in the Baptismal Formula.
Chapter VII.-Of the Unction.
Chapter VIII.-Of the Imposition of Hands. Types of the Deluge and the Dove.
Chapter IX.-Types of the Red Sea, and the Water from the Rock.
Chapter X.-Of John's Baptism.
Chapter XI.-Answer to the Objection that "The Lord Did Not Baptize."
Chapter XII.-Of the Necessity of Baptism to Salvation.
Chapter XIII.-Another Objection: Abraham Pleased God Without Being Baptized. Answer Thereto. Old Things Must Give Place to New, and Baptism is Now a Law.
Chapter XIV.-Of Paul's Assertion, that He Had Not Been Sent to Baptize.
Chapter XV.-Unity of Baptism. Remarks on Heretical Any Jewish Baptism.
Chapter XVI.-Of the Second Baptism-With Blood.
Chapter XVII.-Of the Power of Conferring Baptism.
Chapter XVIII.-Of the Persons to Whom, and the Time When, Baptism is to Be Administered.
Chapter XIX.-Of the Times Most Suitable for Baptism.
Chapter XX.-Of Preparation For, and Conduct After, the Reception of Baptism.
Elucidation.
On Prayer.
Chapter I.-General Introduction.
Chapter II.-The First Clause.
Chapter III.-The Second Clause.
Chapter IV.-The Third Clause.
Chapter V.-The Fourth Clause.
Chapter VI.-The Fifth Clause.
Chapter VII.-The Sixth Clause.
Chapter VIII.-The Seventh or Final Clause.
Chapter IX.-Recapitulation.
Chapter X.-We May Superadd Prayers of Our Own to the Lord's Prayer.
Chapter XI.-When Praying the Father, You are Not to Be Angry with a Brother.
Chapter XII.-We Must Be Free Likewise from All Mental Perturbation.
Chapter XIII.-Of Washing the Hands.
Chapter XIV.-Apostrophe.
Chapter XV.-Of Putting Off Cloaks.
Chapter XVI.-Of Sitting After Prayer.
Chapter XVII.-Of Elevated Hands.
Chapter XVIII.-Of the Kiss of Peace.
Chapter XIX.-Of Stations.
Chapter XX.-Of Women's Dress.
Chapter XXI.-Of Virgins.
Chapter XXII.-Answer to the Foregoing Arguments.
Chapter XXIII.-Of Kneeling.
Chapter XXIV.-Of Place for Prayer.
Chapter XXV.-Of Time for Prayer.
Chapter XXVI.-Of the Parting of Brethren.
Chapter XXVII.-Of Subjoining a Psalm.
Chapter XXVIII.-Of the Spiritual Victim, Which Prayer is.
Chapter XXIX.-Of the Power of Prayer.
Ad Martyras.
Chapter I.
Chapter II.
Chapter III.
Chapter IV.
Chapter V.
Chapter VI.
Introductory Notice to the Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicitas.
The Passion of the Holy Martyrs Perpetua and Felicitas.
Chapter I.-Argument.-When the Saints Were Apprehended, St. Perpetua Successfully Resisted Her Father's Pleading, Was Baptized with the Others, Was Thrust into a Filthy Dungeon. Anxious About Her Infant, by a Vision Granted to Her, She Understood that Her Martyrdom Would Take Place Very Shortly.
Chapter II.-Argument. Perpetua, When Besieged by Her Father, Comforts Him. When Led with Others to the Tribunal, She Avows Herself a Christian, and is Condemned with the Rest to the Wild Beasts. She Prays for Her Brother Dinocrates, Who Was Dead.
Chapter III.-Argument. Perpetua is Again Tempted by Her Father. Her Third Vision, Wherein She is Led Away to Struggle Against an Egyptian. She Fights, Conquers, and Receives the Reward.
Chapter IV.-Argument. Saturus, in a Vision, and Perpetua Being Carried by Angels into the Great Light, Behold the Martyrs. Being Brought to the Throne of God, are Received with a Kiss. They Reconcile Optatus the Bishop and Aspasius the Presbyter.
Chapter V.-Argument. Secundulus Dies in the Prison. Felicitas is Pregnant, But with Many Prayers She Brings Forth in the Eighth Month Without Suffering, the Courage of Perpetua and of Saturus Unbroken.
Chapter VI.-Argument. From the Prison They are Led Forth with Joy into the Amphitheatre, Especially Perpetua and Felicitas. All Refuse to Put on Profane Garments. They are Scourged, They are Thrown to the Wild Beasts. Saturus Twice is Unhurt. Perpetua and Felicitas are Thrown Down; They are Called Back to the Sanavlvarian Gate. Saturus Wounded by a Leopard, Exhorts the Soldier. They Kiss One Another, and are Slain with the Sword.
Of Patience.
Chapter I.-Of Patience Generally; And Tertullian's Own Unworthiness to Treat of It.
Chapter II.-God Himself an Example of Patience.
Chapter III.-Jesus Christ in His Incarnation and Work a More Imitable Example Thereof.
Chapter IV.-Duty of Imitating Our Master Taught Us by Slaves. Even by Beasts. Obedient Imitation is Founded on Patience.
Chapter V.-As God is the Author of Patience So the Devil is of Impatience.
Chapter VI.-Patience Both Antecedent and Subsequent to Faith.
Chapter VII.-The Causes of Impatience, and Their Correspondent Precepts.
Chapter VIII.-Of Patience Under Personal Violence and Malediction.
Chapter IX.-Of Patience Under Bereavement.
Chapter X.-Of Revenge.
Chapter XI.-Further Reasons for Practising Patience. Its Connection with the Beatitudes.
Chapter XII.-Certain Other Divine Precepts. The Apostolic Description of Charity. Their Connection with Patience.
Chapter XIII.-Of Bodily Patience.
Chapter XIV.-The Power of This Twofold Patience, the Spiritual and the Bodily. Exemplified in the Saints of Old.
Chapter XV.-General Summary of the Virtues and Effects of Patience.
Chapter XVI.-The Patience of the Heathen Very Different from Christian Patience. Theirs Doomed to Perdition. Ours Destined to Salvation.
Elucidations.
I
II
III
I. ON THE PALLIUM.
Chapter I.-Time Changes Nations' Dresses-And Fortunes,
Chapter II.-The Law of Change, or Mutation, Universal.
Chapter III.-Beasts Similarly Subject to the Law of Mutation.
Chapter IV.-Change Not Always Improvement.
Chapter V.-Virtues of the Mantle. It Pleads in Its Own Defence.
Chapter VI.-Further Distinctions, and Crowning Glory, of the Pallium.
Elucidations.
I
II
II. On the Apparel of Women.
Book I.
Chapter I.-Introduction. Modesty in Apparel Becoming to Women, in Memory of the Introduction of Sin into the World Through a Woman.
Chapter II.-The Origin of Female Ornamentation, Traced Back to the Angels Who Had Fallen.
Chapter III.-Concerning the Genuineness of "The Prophecy of Enoch."
Chapter IV.-Waiving the Question of the Authors, Tertullian Proposes to Consider the Things on Their Own Merits.
Chapter V.-Gold and Silver Not Superior in Origin or in Utility to Other Metals.
Chapter VI.-Of Precious Stones and Pearls.
Chapter VII.-Rarity the Only Cause Which Makes Such Things Valuable.
Chapter VIII.-The Same Rule Holds with Regard to Colours. God's Creatures Generally Not to Be Used, Except for the Purposes to Which He Has Appointed Them.
Chapter IX.-God's Distribution Must Regulate Our Desires, Otherwise We Become the Prey of Ambition and Its Attendant Evils.
Book II.
Chapter I.-Introduction. Modesty to Be Observed Not Only in Its Essence, But in Its Accessories.
Chapter II.-Perfect Modesty Will Abstain from Whatever Tends to Sin, as Well as from Sin Itself. Difference Between Trust and Presumption. If Secure Ourselves, We Must Not Put Temptation in the Way of Others. We Must Love Our Neighbour as Ourself.
Chapter III.-Grant that Beauty Be Not to Be Feared: Still It is to Be Shunned as Unnecessary and Vainglorious,
Chapter IV.-Concerning the Plea of "Pleasing the Husband."
Chapter V.-Some Refinements in Dress and Personal Appearance Lawful, Some Unlawful. Pigments Come Under the Latter Head.
Chapter VI.-Of Dyeing the Hair.
Chapter VII.-Of Elaborate Dressing of the Hair in Other Ways, and Its Bearing Upon Salvation.
Chapter VIII.-Men Not Excluded from These Remarks on Personal Adornment.
Chapter IX.-Excess in Dress, as Well as in Personal Culture, to Be Shunned. Arguments Drawn from I Cor. VII.
Chapter X.-Tertullian Refers Again to the Question of the Origin of All These Ornaments and Embellishments.
Chapter XI.-Christian Women, Further, Have Not the Same Causes for Appearing in Public, and Hence for Dressing in Fine Array as Gentiles. On the Contrary, Their Appearance Should Always Distinguish Them from Such.
Chapter XII.-Such Outward Adornments Meretricious, and Therefore Unsuitable to Modest Women.
Chapter XIII.-It is Not Enough that God Know Us to Be Chaste: We Must Seem So Before Men. Especially in These Times of Persecution We Must Inure Our Bodies to the Hardships Which They May Not Improbably Be Called to Suffer.
Elucidation.
I
III. On the Veiling of Virgins.
Chapter I.-Truth Rather to Be Appealed to Than Custom, and Truth Progressive in Its Developments.
Chapter II.-Before Proceeding Farther, Let the Question of Custom Itself Be Sifted.
Chapter III.-Gradual Development of Custom, and Its Results. Passionate Appeal to Truth.
Chapter IV.-Of the Argument Drawn from 1cor. XI. 5-16.
Chapter V.-Of the Word Woman, Especially in Connection with Its Application to Eve.
Chapter VI.-The Parallel Case of Mary Considered.
Chapter VII.-Of the Reasons Assigned by the Apostle for Bidding Women to Be Veiled.
Chapter VIII.-The Argument E Contrario.
Chapter IX.-Veiling Consistent with the Other Rules of Discipline Observed by Virgins and Women in General.
Chapter X.-If the Female Virgins are to Be Thus Conspicuous, Why Not the Male as Well?
Chapter XI.-The Rule of Veiling Not Applicable to Children.
Chapter XII.-Womanhood Self-Evident, and Not to Be Concealed by Just Leaving the Head Bare.
Chapter XIII.-If Unveiling Be Proper, Why Not Practise It Always, Out of the Church as Well as in It?
Chapter XIV.-Perils to the Virgins Themselves Attendant Upon Not-Veiling
Chapter XV.-Of Fascination.
Chapter XVI.-Tertullian, Having Shown His Defence to Be Consistent with Scripture, Nature, and Discipline, Appeals to the Virgins Themselves.
Chapter XVII.-An Appeal to the Married Women.
Elucidations.
I
II
III
IV. To His Wife.
Book I.
Chapter I.-Design of the Treatise. Disavowal of Personal Motives in Writing It.
Chapter II.-Marriage Lawful, But Not Polygamy.
Chapter III.-Marriage Good: Celibacy Preferable.
Chapter IV.-Of the Infirmity of the Flesh, and Similar Pleas.
Chapter V.-Of the Love of Offspring as a Plea for Marriage.
Chapter VI.-Examples of Heathens Urged as Commendatory of Widowhood and Celibacy.
Chapter VII.-The Death of a Husband is God's Call to the Widow to Continence. Further Evidences from Scripture and from Heathenism.
Chapter VIII.-Conclusion.
Book II.
Chapter I.-Reasons Which Led to the Writing of This Second Book.
Chapter LI.-Of the Apostle's Meaning in I Cor. VII. 12-14.
Chapter III.-Remarks on Some of the "Dangers and Wounds" Referred to in the Preceding Chapter.
Chapter IV.-Of the Hindrances Which an Unbelieving Husband Puts in His Wife's Way.
Chapter V.-Of Sin and Danger Incurred Even with a "Tolerant" Husband.
Chapter VI.-Danger of Having to Take Part in Heathenish Rites, and Revels.
Chapter VII.-The Case of a Heathen Whose Wife is Converted After Marriage with Him Very Different, and Much More Hopeful.
Chapter VIII.-Arguments Drawn Even from Heathenish Laws to Discountenance Marriage with Unbelievers. The Happiness of Union Between Partners in the Faith Enlarged on in Conclusion.
Elucidation.
V. On Exhortation to Chastity.
Chapter I.-Introduction. Virginity Classified Under Three Several Species.
Chapter II.-The Blame of Our Misdeeds Not to Be Cast Upon God. The One Power Which Rests with Man is the Power of Volition.
Chapter III.-Of Indulgence and Pure Volition. The Question Illustrated.
Chapter IV.-Further Remarks Upon the Apostle's Language.
Chapter V.-Unity of Marriage Taught by Its First Institution, and by the Apostle's Application of that Primal Type to Christ and the Church.
Chapter VI.-The Objection from the Polygamy of the Patriarchs Answered.
Chapter VII.-Even the Old Discipline Was Not Without Precedents to Enforce Monogamy. But in This as in Other Respects, the New Has Brought in a Higher Perfection.
Chapter VIII.-If It Be Granted that Second Marriage is Lawful, Yet All Things Lawful are Not Expedient.
Chapter IX.-Second Marriage a Species of Adultery, Marriage Itself Impugned, as Akin to Adultery.
Chapter X-Application of the Subject. Advantages of Widowhood.
Chapter XI.-The More the Wives, the Greater the Distraction of the Spirit.
Chapter XII.-Excuses Commonly Urged in Defence of Second Marriage. Their Futility, Especially in the Case of Christians, Pointed Out.
Chapter XIII.-Examples from Among the Heathen, as Well as from the Church, to Enforce the Foregoing Exhortation.
Elucidation.
VI. On Monogamy.
Chapter I.-Different Views in Regard to Marriage Held by Heretics, Psychic, and Spiritualists.
Chapter II.-The Spiritualists Vindicated from the Charge of Novelty.
Chapter III.-The Question of Novelty Further Considered in Connection with the Words of the Lord and His Apostles.
Chapter IV.-Waiving Allusion to the Paraclete, Tertullian Comes to the Consideration of the Ancient Scriptures, and Their Testimony on the Subject in Hand.
Chapter V.-Connection of These Primeval Testimonies with Christ.
Chapter VI.-The Case of Abraham, and Its Bearing on the Present Question.
Chapter VII.-From Patriarchal, Tertullian Comes to Legal, Precedents.
Chapter VIII.-From the Law Tertullian Comes to the Gospel. He Begins with Examples Before Proceeding to Dogmas.
Chapter IX.-From Examples Tertullian Passes to Direct Dogmatic Teachings. He Begins with the Lord's Teaching.
Chapter X.-St. Paul's Teaching on the Subject.
Chapter XI.-Further Remarks Upon St. Paul's Teaching.
Chapter XII.-The Explanation of the Passage Offered by the Psychics Considered.
Chapter XIII.-Further Objections from St. Paul Answered.
Chapter XIV.-Even If the Permission Had Been Given by St. Paul in the Sense Which the Psychics Allege, It Was Merely Like the Mosaic Permission of Divorce-A Condescension to Human Hard-Heartedness.
Chapter XV.-Unfairness of Charging the Disciples of the New Prophecy with Harshness. The Charge Rather to Be Retorted Upon the Psychics.
Chapter XVI.-Weakness of the Pleas Urged in Defence of Second Marriage.
Chapter XVII.-Heathen Examples Cry Shame Upon This "Infirmity of the Flesh."
Elucidations.
I
II
VII. On Modesty.
Chapter II.-God Just as Well as Merciful; Accordingly, Mercy Must Not Be Indiscriminate.
Chapter III.-An Objection Anticipated Before the Discussion Above Promised is Commenced.
Chapter IV.-Adultery and Fornication Synonymous.
Chapter V.-Of the Prohibition of Adultery in the Decalogue.
Chapter VI.-Examples of Such Offences Under the Old Dispensation No Pattern for the Disciples of the New. But Even the Old Has Examples of Vengeance Upon Such Offences.
Chapter VII.-Of the Parables of the Lost Ewe and the Lost Drachma.
Chapter VIII.-Of the Prodigal Son.
Chapter IX.-Certain General Principles of Parabolic Interpretation. These Applied to the Parables Now Under Consideration, Especially to that of the Prodigal Son.
Chapter X.-Repentance More Competent to Heathens Than to Christians.
Chapter XI.-From Parables Tertullian Comes to Consider Definite Acts of the Lord.
Chapter XII.-Of the Verdict of the Apostles, Assembled in Council, Upon the Subject of Adultery.
Chapter XIII.-Of St. Paul, and the Person Whom He Urges the Corinthians to Forgive.
Chapter XIV.-The Same Subject Continued.
Chapter XV.-The Same Subject Continued.
Chapter XVI.-General Consistency of the Apostle.
Chapter XVII.-Consistency of the Apostle in His Other Epistles.
Chapter XVIII.-Answer to a Psychical Objection.
Chapter XIX.-Objections from the Revelation and the First Epistle of St. John Refuted.
Chapter XX.-From Apostolic Teaching Tertullian Turns to that of Companions of the Apostles, and of the Law.
Chapter XXI.-Of the Difference Between Discipline and Power, and of the Power of the Keys.
Chapter XXII.-Of Martyrs, and Their Intercession on Behalf of Scandalous Offenders.
Elucidations.
I
II
III'
IV
VIII. On Fasting. In Opposition to the Psychics.
Chapter I.-Connection of Gluttony and Lust. Grounds of Psychical Objections Against the Montanists.
Chapter II.-Arguments of the Psychics, Drawn from the Law, the Gospel, the Acts, the Epistles, and Heathenish Practices.
Chapter III.-The Principle of Fasting Traced Back to Its Earliest Source.
Chapter IV.-The Objection is Raised, Why, Then, Was the Limit of Lawful Food Extended After the Flood? the Answer to It.
Chapter V.-Proceeding to the History of Israel, Tertullian Shows that Appetite Was as Conspicuous Among Their Sins as in Adam's Case. Therefore the Restraints of the Levitical Law Were Imposed.
Chapter VI.-The Physical Tendencies of Fasting and Feeding Considered. The Cases of Moses and Elijah.
Chapter VII.-Further Examples from the Old Testament in Favour of Fasting.
Chapter VIII.-Examples of a Similar Kind from the New.
Chapter IX.-From Fasts Absolute Tertullian Comes to Partial Ones and Xerophagies.
Chapter X.-Of Stations, and of the Hours of Prayer.
Chap XI.-Of the Respect Due to "Human Authority; "And of the Charges of "Heresy" And "Pseudo-Prophecy."
Chapter XII-Of the Need for Some Protest Against the Psychics and Their Self-Indulgence.
Chapter XIII.-Of the Inconsistencies of the Psychics.
Chapter XIV.-Reply to the Charge of "Galaticism."
Chapter XV.-Of the Apostle's Language Concerning Food.
Chapter XVI.-Instances from Scripture of Divine Judgments Upon the Self-Indulgent; And Appeals to the Practices of Heathens.
Chapter XVII-Conclusion.
Elucidations.
I
II
III
IV
IX. De Fuga in Persecutione.
Elucidations.
I
II
III
X. Appendix.
1. A Strain of Jonah the Prophet.
2. A Strain of Sodom.
3. Genesis.
4. A Strain of the Judgment of the Lord.
5. Five Books in Reply to Marcion.
Book I.-Of the Divine Unity, and the Resurrection of the Flesh.
Part I.-Of the Divine Unity.
Part II.-Of the Resurrection of the Flesh.
Book II.-Of the Harmony of the Old and New Laws.
Book III.-Of the Harmony of the Fathers of the Old and New Testaments.
Book IV.-Of Marcion's Antitheses.
Book V.-General Reply to Sundry of Marcion's Heresies.
Elucidations.
I'
II
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