Notes
Notes
Foreword
1. Iain Murray, D. Martyn Lloyd-Jones, vol. 2, The Fight of Faith, 1939-1981 (Edinburgh: Banner of Truth, 1990), p. 352.
Chapter 1, The Puritan Approach to Worship
1. Horton Davies, The Worship of the English Puritans (London: Dacre, 1948), p. 48.
2. George Swinnock, Works (1868), 1:31.
3. John Owen, The Works of John Owen, ed. T. Russell, 28 vols. (London, 1826), 16:125ff.
4. Ibid., 16:150-51,
5. Ibid., 16:152.
6. Stephen Charnock, The Complete Works of Stephen Charnock, 5 vols., Nichol’s Series of Standard Divines, ed. J. Nichol (Edinburgh: Nichol, 1864-65), 1:298.
7. Ibid., 1:299.
8. Ibid., 1:307.
9. Ibid., 1:308.
10. Ibid., 1:315.
11. Owen, Works, 13:414.
12. Charnock, Works, 1:319.
13. Ibid.
14. Owen, Works, 13:423, 425.
15. Ibid., 13:425.
16. William Bradshaw, English Puritanisme: Containening the Maine Opinions of the Rigidest Sort of Those That Are Called Puritanes in the Realme of England (1605), p. 17.
17. Thomas Goodwin, The Works of T. G., Nichol’s Series of Standard Divines, ed. J. Nichol, vol. 11 (Edinburgh: Nichol, 1862), p. 364.
18. Thomas Adams, The Works of T. Adams, 3 vols., Nichol’s Series of Standard Divines, ed. J. Nichol (Edinburgh: Nichol, 1861-62), 1:103.
19. David Clarkson, The Practical Works of David Clarkson, 3 vols., Nichol’s Series of Standard Divines, ed. J. Nichol (Edinburgh: Nichol, 1864-65), 3:190ff.
20. Ibid., 3:194.
21. Swinnock, Works, 1:234.
22. Ibid., 1:229-30.
Chapter 2, Scripture and “Things Indifferent”
1. William Tyndale, Expositions and Notes on Sundry Portions of the Holy Scriptures, Together with the Practice of Prelates . . . (London: Parker Society, 1849), pp. 77-78.
2. Conversations between the Church of England and the Methodist Church (1963), p. 16.
3. John Owen, The Works of John Owen, ed. W. H. Goold, 24 vols. (London, 1850-55), 13:479-80.
4. Henry Barrow, The Writings of Henry Barrow, 1587-1590, ed. Leland H. Carlson, vol. 3 (London: Allen & Unwin, 1962), p. 320.
5. John Whitgift, The Works of J. Whitgift . . . , ed. J. Ayre, 3 vols. (Cambridge: Parker Society, 1851-53), 1:38, 41.
6. Richard Hooker, The Works of . . . R. H., . . . , ed. J. Keble, 3 vols., 5th ed. (Oxford, 1865), 1:334.
7. Whitgift, Works, 1:188. Cartwright’s First Reply to Whitgift is printed with Whitgift’s response. The Puritan leader’s voluminous Second Reply has never been reprinted since the sixteenth century; some brief extracts from it are given in Whitgift, Works.
8. Samuel Rutherford, The Divine Right of Church-Government and Excommunication: or, A Peaceable Dispute for the Perfection of the Holy Scripture in Point of Ceremonies and Church-Government . . . (London, 1646), pp. 19-20.
9. Ibid., p. 505.
10. John Robinson, The Works of John Robinson, Pastor of the Pilgrim Fathers, 3 vols. (London, 1851), 2:476-78.
11. Whitgift, Works, 1:187.
12. Cartwright, in Whitgift, Works, 2:89.
13. Tyndale, Expositions, p. 257.
14. Rutherford, The Divine Right, p. 641.
15. The Uniformity Act, in Henry Gee and W. J. Hardy, eds., Documents Illustrative of English Church History (London: Macmillan, 1896), pp. 600-619.
16. Jasper Ridley, Thomas Cranmer (Oxford: Clarendon, 1962), p. 181.
17. Given in Edward Stillingfleet, Irenicum: A Weapon-Salve for the Churches Wounds . . . (London: Mortlock, 1681), quoted by A. H. Drysdale, History of the Presbyterians in England: Their Rise, Decline, and Revival (London: Presbyterian Church of England, 1889), pp. 32-33.
18. John Foxe, The Acts and Monuments of J. Foxe, 4th ed., ed. J. Pratt, 8 vols. (London: Religious Tract Society, 1877), 5:591.
19. Ibid., 5:576.
20. William Tyndale, Doctrinal Treatises and Introductions to Different Portions of the Holy Scriptures, ed. H. Walter (Cambridge: Parker Society, 1848), p. 273.
21. Vestments had a religious meaning, and kneeling to receive the sacrament had come in during the Middle Ages in connection with the teaching of transubstantiation, which gave worshippers to believe that Christ was corporeally present in the bread and the wine at the altar.
22. John Hooper’s manuscript will be published for the first time in English in Iain Murray, ed., The Reformation of the Church: A Collection of Reformed and Puritan Documents on Church Issues (London: Banner of Truth, forthcoming [1965]).
23. This reply to Hooper will be found as an appendix in John Bradford, Letters and Treatises, pp. 375-95.
24. Printed by Peter Lorimer in John Knox and the Church of England: His Work in Her Pulpit and His Influence upon Her Liturgy, Articles, and Parties . . . (London, 1875), p. 104.
25. Whitgift, Works, 1:27.
26. Ibid., 2:108.
27. See Owen, Works, 13:463-64, 469, 481.
28. John Knox, John Knox’s History of the Reformation in Scotland, ed. William Croft Dickinson (London: Thomas Nelson, 1949), 1:89.
29. Rutherford, The Divine Right, p. 63.
30. George Gillespie, A Dispute against the English Popish Ceremonies, in George Gillespie, The Works of G. G. . . . Now First Collected, The Presbyterian’s Armoury, vols. 1-2 (Edinburgh, 1843-46), cf. 1:130-31. A helpful commentary on Gillespie’s conditions will be found in James Bannerman, The Church of Christ: A Treatise on the Nature, Powers, Ordinances, Discipline, and Government of the Christian Church, ed. D. D. Bannerman, 2 vols. (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1868), 1:355-57.
31. Gillespie, A Dispute, in Gillespie, Works, 1:194-97.
32. Besides major works like Gillespie’s, a number of shorter pieces on the subject appeared, such as the anonymous Treatise of the Nature and Use of Things Indifferent (Dr. Williams Library 12.55.3) and Daniel Cawdrey’s consideration of The XXIV Cases Concerning Things Indifferent in Religious Worship (1663).
33. Cartwright had shortly before listed general rules governing the use of adiaphora, substantially the same as Gillespie’s, cited above. They must (1) not offend any, especially the Church of God; (2) be done in order and comeliness; be done (3) for edifying and (4) to the glory of God.
34. Cartwright, in Whitgift, Works, 1:196.
35. Jus divinum regiminis ecclesiastici; or, The Divine Right of Church-Government, Asserted and Evidenced by the Holy Scriptures . . . (London, 1646), pp. 48-49. This defense of Presbyterian church government was written by “Sundry Ministers of Christ within the City of London.”
36. Puritans used the word discipline in a wider sense than our modern usage, so that it covered government and order.
37. Rutherford, The Divine Right, p. 7.
38. Owen, Works, 15:39-40.
39. Rutherford, The Divine Right, pp. 16-17.
40. Owen, Works, 15:41-42.
41. Bannerman, The Church of Christ, 1:367.
42. Quoted in Rutherford, The Divine Right, p. 77.
43. Foxe, The Acts and Monuments, 6:615.
44. Whitgift, Works, 3:180.
45. Hooker, Works, 3:205-6, 212-13.
46. William Cunningham, Historical Theology: A Review of the Principal Doctrinal Discussions in the Christian Church since the Apostolic Age, ed. James Buchanan and James Bannerman, 2 vols. (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1863), 1:72.
47. Lorimer, John Knox, p. 115.
48. Rutherford, The Divine Right, p. 30.
49. Daniel Gerdes, Serinium antiquarium [Antiquity Chest]: Sive miscellanea Groningana nova, ad historiam reformationis ecclesiasticam praecipue spectantia, 8 vols. (Groningen, 1749-65), 1.1.656-70. This important letter has not yet been printed in English.
50. Owen, Works, 13:463.
Chapter 3, Charles Haddon Spurgeon: Preacher
1. C. H. Spurgeon, C. H. Spurgeon Autobiography, vol. 1, The Early Years, ed. Susannah Spurgeon and Joseph Harrald (London: Banner of Truth, 1962), pp. 204-5.
2. The Evening Star, 5 November 1856.
Chapter 6, John Calvin the Man
1. Frederic van der Meer, Atlas of Western Civilization, trans. T. A. Birrell (Princeton: D. Van Nostrand, 1954), p. 149.
2. Williston Walker, History of the Christian Church (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1919), p. 401.
3. J. S. Whale, The Protestant Tradition: An Essay in Interpretation (Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1955), p. 120.
4. Ibid., p. 121.
5. Ibid., p. 123.
6. Ibid., p. 126.
7. Ibid., p. 132.
8. Ibid., p. 140.
9. Ibid., p. 142.
10. Ibid., p. 143.
11. J. T. McNeill, The History and Character of Calvinism (New York: Oxford University, 1954), p. 98.
12. Jean Cadier, The Man God Mastered: A Brief Biography of John Calvin, trans. O. R. Johnston (London: Inter-Varsity, 1960), p. 22.
13. McNeill, History and Character, pp. 99-100.
14. See Jean-Daniel Benoit, Calvin, Director D’ames (Strasbourg: Oberlin, 1947), pp. 48-49, where Benoit reads a harsher tone into Calvin’s remarks than seems necessary.
15. John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religon, ed. John T. McNeill, trans. Ford Lewis Battles, 2 vols., Library of Christian Classics (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1960), 3.4.1.
16. Ibid.
17. McNeill, History and Character, p. 115.
18. Calvin, Institutes, 3.2.33.
19. Ibid., 3.2.7.
20. McNeill, History and Character, p. 131.
21. Cadier, The Man God Mastered, pp. 74-75.
22. McNeill, History and Character, p. 185.
23. John Calvin to William Farel, 8 October 1539.
24. Cadier, The Man God Mastered, pp. 66-67.
25. McNeill, History and Character, p. 229.
26. Calvin, Institutes, 1.5.1.
27. Ibid., 1.6.2.
28. Ibid., 2.6.1.
29. Ibid., 3.10.2.
30. John Calvin, Commentaries on the First Book of Moses, Called Genesis, trans. John King, 2 vols. (Edinburgh: Calvin Translation Society, 1847-50), on Gen. 4:20.
31. Calvin, Institutes, 1.11.12.
32. McNeill, History and Character, p. 233.
33. Benoit, Calvin, pp. 271-72.
34. B. B. Warfield, Calvin and Calvinism (New York: Oxford University, 1931), pp. 11-13.
35. John A. T. Robinson, Honest to God (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1963).
36. Benoit, Calvin, p. 13.
37. Ibid., p. 51.
38. Ibid., p. 53.
39. Ibid., p. 55.
40. Ibid., p. 275.
41. Cadier, The Man God Mastered, pp. 174-75.
Chapter 7, John Calvin: A Servant of the Word
1. J. T. Hoogstra, ed., John Calvin, Contemporary Prophet: A Symposium (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1959).
2. For a fuller survey of the disputed passages, see John Murray, Calvin on Scripture and Divine Sovereignty (Philadelphia, 1960), pp. 20-31.
3. Rupert E. Davies, The Problem of Authority in the Continental Reformers: A Study in Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin (London: Epworth, 1946), p. 116.
4. Benjamin Breckinridge Warfield, Calvin and Augustine, ed. Samuel G. Craig (Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed, 1956), p. 491.
Chapter 8, The Growth of John Calvin’s Institutes
1. In preparing this paper, I am happy to acknowledge the debt I owe to all who contributed to G. E. Duffield, ed., John Calvin, Courtenay Studies in Reformation Theology (Abingdon: Sutton Courtenay, forthcoming [1966]).
Chapter 9, John Calvin’s Geneva
1. H. D. Foster, “Geneva before Calvin (1387-1536): The Antecedents of a Puritan State,” American Historical Review 8 (Jan. 1903): 239 (n.2).
2. John T. McNeill, “Calvin the Man,” Christianity Today, 22 May 1964, p. 5 [779].
3. Andre Biéler, La Pensee economique et sociale de Calvin, Publications de la Faculte des Sciences Economiques et Sociales de l’ Universite de Geneve (Geneva, 1959).
Chapter 10, John Calvin and George Whitefield
1. Frederick C. Gill, Charles Wesley, the First Methodist (New York: Abingdon, 1964).
2. J. Wesley Bready, England before and after Wesley: The Evangelical Revival and Social Reform (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1938).
3. George Whitefield, George Whitefield’s Journals . . . (London: Banner of Truth, 1960), p. 81.
4. Ibid., pp. 193-94.