CHAPTER 1
THE PROOF OF THE GOSPEL
Bk.
I. circumstances of the Saviour's own presentment of the Gospel, and the things which in our own day are being fulfilled by the Holy Spirit before our very eyes.
It shall be my task to prove that they saw that which was not (d) present as present, and that which as yet was not in existence as actually existing ; and not only this, but that they foretold in writing the events of the future for posterity, so that by their help others can even now know wliat is coming, and look forward daily to the fulfilment of their oracles.
What sort of fulfilment, do you ask?
They are (3) fulfilled in countless and all kinds of ways, and amid all circumstances, both generally and in minute detail, in the lives of individual men, and in their corporate life, now nationally in the course of Hebrew history, and now in that of foreign nations.
Such things as civic revolutions, changes of times, national vicissitudes, the coming of foretold prosperity, the assaults of adversity, the enslaving of races, the besieging of cities, the downfall and restoration of whole states, and countless other things that were to take place a long time after, were foretold by these writers.
But it is not now the time for me to provide full proof of this.
I will postpone most of it for the present, and perhaps, from the truth of what I shall put before you, there will be some guarantee of the possibility of proving what is passed over in silence.
CHAPTER
Z//(.' Object and Contents of llie Work.
\\ seems now time to say what 1 consider to be desiral)le at ])resent to draw from the prophetic writings for the proof
(4) of the Gospel.
They said that Christ, (Whom they named) the Word of God, and Himself both God and Lord, and Angel of (keat Counsel, would one day dwell among men, and would become for all the nations of the world, both Greek and Barbarian, a teacher of true knowledge of God, and of such duty to God the Maker of the Universe, as the preaching of the Gospel includes.
They said that He would become a little child, and would be called the Son of Man, as born of the race of Mankind.
They foretold the
Ch.
riU: CHRIST FORETOLD
wondrous f;ishion of His birth from a^'irgin,a^d—strangest of all—they did not omit tcj name Bethlehem ^ the place of His birth, which is to-day so famous that men still hasten from the ends of the earth to see it, but shouted it out with the greatest clearness.
As if they stole a march on history these same writers proclaimed the very time of His ajjpearance, the precise period of His sojourn on earth.
It is possible for you, if you care to take the trouble, to see with your eyes, comprehended in the prophetic writings, all the wonderful miracles of our Saviour Jesus Christ Himself, that are witnessed to by the heavenly Gospels, and to hear His divine and perfect teaching about true holiness.
How it must move our wonder, when they unmistakably proclaim the new ideal of religion preached by Him to all men, the call of His disciples, and the teaching of the new ('ovenant.
Yes, and in addition to all this they (5) foretell the Jews' disbelief in Him, and dis[)uting, the plots of the rulers, the envy of the Scribes, the treachery of one of His disciples, the schemes of enemies, the accusations of false witnesses, the condemnations of His judges, the shameful violence, unspeakable scourging, ill-omened abuse, and, crowning all, the death of shame.
They portray Christ's wonderful silence, His gentleness and fortitude, and the unimaginable depths of His forbearance and forgiveness.
The most ancient Hebrew oracles present all these things definitely about One Who would come in the last times, and ^Vho would undergo such sufferings among men, and they clearly tell the source of their foreknowledge.
They bear witness to the Resurrection from the dead of the lieing Whom they revealed. His appearance to His disciples. His gift of the Holy Spirit to them, His return to heaven.
His establishment as King on His Father's throne and His glorious second Advent yet to be at the consummation of the age.
In addition to all this you can hear the wailings and lamentations of each of the prophets, wailing and lamenting characteristically over the calamities which will overtake the Jewish people because of their impiety to Him Who had been foretold.
How their kingdom, that (6) had continued from the days of a remote ancestry to their own, would be utterly destroyed after their sin against ' For Hetlilehem as a place of jiilgrimage see also 97 c (and note) and 341 1), and Origen, c.
Cels. i. 51.
THE PROOF OF THE GOSPEL
Bk.
Christ ; how their fathers' Laws would be abrogated, they themselves deprived of their ancient worship, robbed of the independence of their forefathers, and made slaves of their enemies, instead of free men ; how their royal metroptjlis would be burned with fire, their venerable and holy altar undergo the flames and extreme desolation, their city be inliabited no longer by its old possessors but by races of otherstock,^while they would be dispersedamongtheGentiles through the whole world, with never a hope of any cessation of evil, or breathing-space from troubles.
And it is plain even to the blind, that what they saw and foretold is fulfilled in actual facts from the very day the jews laid godless hands on Christ, and drew down on themselves the beginning of the train of sorrows.
]jut the prophecies of these inspired men did not begin and end in gloom, nor did their prescience extend no further than the reign of sorrow.
They could change their note to joy, and proclaim a universal message of good tidings to all men in the coming of Christ : they could preach the good news that though one race were lost every nation and race of men would know God, escape from the da.'mons,^.
(7) cease from ignorance and deceit and enjoy the light of holiness : they could |)icturc the disciples of Christ filling the whole world with their teaching, and the preaching of their gospel introducing among all men a fresh and unknown ideal of holiness : they could see churches of Christ established by their means among all nations, and Christian people throughout the whole world bearing one common name : they could give assurance that the attacks of rulers and kings from time to time against the Church of Christ will avail nothing to cast it down, strengthened as it is by God.
If so many things were proclaimed by the Hebrew divines, and if their fulfilment is so clear to us all to-day, who would not marvel at their inspiration?
Who will not agree that their rehgious and i)hiIoso|)liir teaching and beliefs must be sure and true, since their proof is to be found not ' aWotpvAwv : so Kaliiicius.
* Satu6vuf airn<f>vyvv.
See Ilarnack :
Expausii^n of Christianily.
F.xcursus on "The Conflict with Demons."
T. i.
152-180.
P'or dxmons .is fallen ani;els. heathen gods, .nnd oracles, cf. 1\K. 329.
See Jewish legends, Book of Juhilecs,
"^ ; I Knoch 6;
,5«. 9. II;
i67; 69^-3; 86, id6'-'- '<• e'c.
; 22 '"
Ch.
A LOGICAL METHOD
in artificial arguments, not in clever words, or deceptive syllogistic reasoning, but in simple and straightforward teaching, whose genuine and sincere character is attested by the virtue and knowledge of God evident in these inspired men ?
Men who were enabled not by human but by divine inspiration to see from a myriad ages back what was to (S) happen long years after, may surely claim our confidence for the belief which they taught their pupils.
Now I am c]uite well aware, that it is usual in the case of all who have been properly taught that our Lord and Saviour
Jesus is truly the Christ of God to persuade themselves in the first place that their belief is strictly in agreement with what the prophets witness about Him.
And secondly, to forewarn all those, with whom they may enter on an argument, that it is by no means easy to establish their position by definite proofs.
And this is why in attacking this subject myself I must of course endeavour, with God's help, to supply a com|)lete treatment of the Proof of the Gospel from these
Hebrew tlieologians.^ And the importance of my writing does not lie in the fact that it is, as might be suggested, a polemic against the Jews.
Perish the thought, far from that!
For if they would fairly consider it,it is really on their side.
For as it establishes Christianity on the basis of the antecedent ])rophecies, so it establishes Judaism from the complete fulfilment of its prophecies.
To the Gentiles too it should appeal, if they would fairly consider it, because of the extraordinary foreknowledge shown in the prophetic (9) writers, and of the actual events that occurred in agreement with their prophecies.
It should convince them of the inspired and certain nature of the truth we hold : it should silence the tongues of false accusers by a more logical method of proof, which slanderers contend that we never offer, who in their daily arguments with us keep pounding away^ with all their might with the implication forsooth that we are unable to give a logical demonstration of our case. but require those who come to us to rest on faith alone.* * irp:iyfi.aTtiay : so 1'. E., 6 d, ri)v kuBoAov irpayfiaTfiav rrjs EiiayytXtKTi^ 'Airo5«t|€a>j, " general treatment of the Denionstiation of tlie Gospel "
: (G).
^ el tvyvufiovoifv, "if they would learn wisdom."
(Lightfoot.) D.C.B., art. " Eusebius," ii. 330.; ' iirtVTpiQoixivoi.
* I'lie Introduction to the Praeparatio deals luminously in the manner
THE PROOF OF THE GOSPEL
Bk.
My present work ought to have something to say to a calumny Hke this, as it will assuredly rebut the empty lies and blasphemy of godless heretics against the holy pro|)hets by its exposition of the agreement of the new with the old. jMy argument will disj)ense with a longer systematic interpretation ^ of the prophecies, and will leave such a task to any who wish to make the study, and are able to expound such works. ^ And I shall take as my teacher the sacred Sir. xxxii. command which says "sum up many things in few words,"
9and aspire to follow it.
I shall only offer such help in regard to the texts, and to the points which bear on the subject under consideration, as is absolutely necessary for their clear interpretation.
(Jo) But I will now cease my Introduction and begin my Proof.
As we have such a mob of slanderers flooding us with the accusation that we are unable logically to present a clear demonstration of the truth we hold, and think it enough to retain those who come to us by faith alone, and as they say that we only teach our followers like irrational animals to shut their eyes and staunchly obey what we say without examining it at all, and call them therefore "the faithful '" because of their faith as distinct from reason,
I made a natural division of the calumnies of our position in my " Preparation " of the subject as a whole.
On the one side I placed the attacks of the polytheistic Gentiles, who accuse us of apostasy from our ancestral gods, and make a great point of the implication, that in recognizing the Hebrew oracles we honour the work of Barbarians more of Origcn willi the spheres of Reason nnd Faith (pp.
14-16).
The char;j;e that Christians said : "Do not examine, but only believe, " and "Thy faith shall save thee" was always ailvanccd by the educated heatnen : e.c;. c Ceh. i. 9
; iii. 44.
(~)rirjcn and Kusebivis repu.liated it.
Clpment of Alexandria, as T. R. Glover notes, saw l)oth sides of the question ; he could rel)uke those who decried Reason {Strom, i, 43), and insist on the co-operation of l-'aith wiih rational inquiry, and yet say Ti) Trimfvciixi yiivov KtA h.vayivvi\^'r\va.i rfXf Iwrri^ itrriv iv (,*toj; ( Paed.'x.
27).
Conflit t of Kcli'x'ions in tlic F.arlv Ko'nan F.nipii\\ p.
242.
Modern apologetics, while rcjectin;^ a "Credo quia inq>ossil)ile," arc supported by the psycholojjy of William James in holdini; that Faith in a sense must precede Reason.
(Cf. W. lames.
The W'il! to ftlieiv, pp. 1-31 and 63-110:
1915.
First iMiMished 1S06.
Sif^nSixV ipixi)vtiav, cf.
V.V,.
S37 ^"> 7^6 d.
^ o\oi t' h,v t'ifv tltrfiy rhv rpowov.