The Onomasticon
SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY
AT CLAREM
ONT il IIA 1001704551
PE ee a a Os a FE RTE EEE Sao
THE ONOMASTICON
BY EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA
PALESTINE IN THE FOURTH CENTURY A.D.
THE ONOMASTICON
BY EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA
Translated by
G. S. P. FREEMAN-GRENVILLE
Indexed by
RUPERT L. CHAPMAN III
Edited and introduced by
JOAN E. TAYLOR
Carta, Jerusalem
Palestine in the Fourth Century A.D.
THE ONOMASTICON BY EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA
with Jerome's Latin translation and expansion in parallel from the edition of E. Klostermann First English-language edition published by Carta, Jerusalem 18 Ha'uman Street, P.O.B. 2500, Jerusalem 91024
Arrangement: Barbara Ball Cartography: Carta, Jerusalem Tirza Rockmill
ISBN 965-220-500-1
© 2003 by Carta, Jerusalem All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieveal system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher.
Printed in Israel
DEDICATION
To those who made the maps, especially The Survey Party of the Palestine Exploration Fund 1872-1878 and to
THE REv. PRoF. EDWARD ROBINSON
FATHER FELIX-MARIE ABEL
FATHER Louris HUGUES VINCENT
PROF. YOHANAN AHARONI
Pror. MICHAEL AvI-YONAH Prof. ERICH KLOSTERMANN and, above all,
EUSEBIUS PAMPHILI, BISHOP OF CAESAREA
who heard the command:
"Go up there into the Negeb, and go up into the hill country, and see what the land is like, and whether the people who live in it are strong or weak, whether they are few or many, and whether the land that they live in is good or bad, and whether the towns that they live in are unwalled or fortified, and whether the land is rich or poor, and whether there are trees in it or not. Be bold, and bring some of the fruit of the land'? (Numbers 13:17-20, NRSV) and obeyed.
st ne oh eee a:
FOREWORD by Greville Freeman-Grenville Rupert Chapman III was the real progenitor of this translation. He pointed out to me that the Onomasticon was a treasury of biblical topography, invaluable to archaeologists but locked in Greek and Latin, languages known today by few. The only translations were Dutch (1717) and Hebrew (1966). He quoted what Ben Jonson said of Shakespeare: '""Thou hadst small Latin, and less Greek." An English translation of Eusebius' Greek text and Jerome's
Latin was much to be desired.
The authors, who wrote some eighty years apart, were men of unusual distinction. Eusebius Pamphili, Bishop of Caesarea Maritima, the capital of Roman Palestine, was the father of church history, friend and confidant of the Emperor Constantine the Great, and a leader at the Council of Nicaea (325).
The Onomasticon he compiled was a dictionary of biblical topography; seemingly, he did not quite complete it. The compilation may largely have been made before the Edict of Milan (312), which freed the church as a licit association. Perhaps he then had more pressing obligations.
Saint Jerome (in full, Eusebius Sophronius Hieronymus), of Balkan origin, first travelled to Syria in 373. He lived there as a hermit until 379, studying
Hebrew, when he was ordained priest. Thence he went to Constantinople, studying Greek under St. Gregory Nazianzus. A dispute in the church at Antioch caused Pope Damasus to call him to Rome in 382, to employ him as secretary of an investigation. There he made a translation of the Gospels, and wrote other words; his great achievement was yet to come, the translation of the whole canon of scripture, in Bethlehem. When Pope Damasus died in 385 he was succeeded by Siricius, "'a pharaoh who knew not Joseph" (cf. Exod. 1:
8): Jerome found it expedient to leave Rome. Before he settled in Bethlehem he toured Palestine and visited Egypt; perhaps the journey provided material which formed the basis for his notes on Eusebius' Onomasticon. Contacts with learned men now persuaded him that he should translate the sacred texts with the aid of Jewish scholars. This was the genesis of the Vulgate so called, the official version in the west for more than a millennium and a half. No other version can have been read or heard by so many.
1 Ben Jonson, ""To the Memory of Shakespeare," 1623.
Jerome's present work now translated, represents his thoughts on Eusebius' work rather than a precise translation throughout. It can be doubted whether he intended publication. Eusebius' delicate and meticulous use of prepositions is somewhat obscured by Jerome. Eusebius' precise thinking has been brought to light by Joan E. Taylor in an essay which is scintillatingly original. A further excursus, jointly with Rupert Chapman, elucidates the measurements of distance; together these have enabled Joan Taylor to provide original maps, thus fulfilling Eusebius' own declared intention.
Finally, Rupert Chapman's exhaustive index includes notes on all the sites so far excavated or recorded, drawing upon his inestimable knowledge of the literature concerning excavations and surveys in the Levant.
We would like to thank the Palestine Exploration Fund, London, an institution with which we have all had a long association, for providing cartographic and bibliographic resources that enabled our studies to take place. In addition we are grateful to the Very Reverend R. L. P. Milburn,
Dean of Worcester; Prof. Graham Davies, Cambridge University Faculty of Theology, Dr. Ray Harlow, of Waikato University, Hamilton, New Zealand, and especially to Emanuel Hausman, of Carta, for his enthusiasm for the project, patience, help and advice.
May I record here what a very happy and uncontroversial collaboration it has been between three friends.
G. S. P. Freeman-Grenville Sheriff Hutton 28 January 2003
CONTENTS Joan E. Taylor Introduction
G. S. P. Freeman-Grenville The Onomasticon of Eusebius of Caesarea and the Liber Locorum of Jerome
Rupert L. Chapman Annotated Index to Eusebius' Onomasticon ah) Joan E. Taylor Excursus I: Directions and Locations in Eusebius' Onomasticon
Rupert L. Chapman and Joan E. Taylor Excursus II: Distances used by Eusebius and the Identification of Sites gs) General Index of Places
Maps Palestine in the Fourth Century A.D.
Biblical and Other Sites According to Eusebius' Onomasticon
hed oat = os a ani Bue —- _ ee hoes ame Lay ee apeela ie ie Lee a - ears a a tel Pawene! J eto _ ati
INTRODUCTION
by Joan E. Taylor For archaeologists specialising in the Levant, the Onomasticon of Eusebius of Caesarea (c.260—339) has long been considered to be one of the most useful works extant from antiquity. Armed with Eusebius' localisations and descriptions of Biblical sites, scholars have been able to identify ruins, or determine fruitful places for excavation, and argue about correct therefore not been as accessible as it should be.
However, the Onomasticon is of interest not only to archaeologists but also to historians of the Roman Empire and of the Church. Here we have a painstakingly methodical work of scholarship in which Eusebius maps out a landscape of sites that would become pilgrims' goals for centuries to come.* Eusebius was probably an unwitting contributor to the huge boom in Christian pilgrimage during the fourth century, and may well have been amazed at how his study became a building block in the construction of '"'the Holy
Land" as a uniting idea for Christians.> The influence of his work can be seen in the Madaba mosaic map,° as well as in pilgrim accounts.'
However, his work is more than a list of the sites of cities and towns mentioned in Scripture, since it includes rivers, hills, wadis and other geographical features. Eusebius does not indicate that any sites should be venerated as sacred by Christians or even prayed at. Despite the Onomasticon becoming a resource for the creation of a kind of Christian Palestine and, especially in Jerome's
Latin version, a help to pilgrims, Eusebius' work seems to be a kind of exegetical aid to the study of or incorrect sitings. It is curious, then, that the Onomasticon has hitherto never been translated into English, or any other international scholarly language.
It has been translated into modern Hebrew by Ezra Zion Melamed,! who has then provided a resource for Israeli archaeologists, but otherwise is only found partially translated into Dutch, in a work of 1717." The need for an English translation has become increasingly acute, as archaeologists of today are not necessarily able to read Eusebius'
Greek, nor the translation into Latin provided by Jerome some 70 years later, and, despite many who have the best intentions, they do not necessarily read modern Hebrew either.* One of the most important documents from antiquity used in the study of Biblical archaeology has
1 Ha-Onomastikon (Jerusalem: Hebrew University, 1966).
2 Kanaan en d'Omleggende Lande (Te Leeuwarden: Francois Halma, 1717). This curious and rare book may be consulted in the Palestine Exploration Fund, London.
3 The rise of archaeology as an essentially scientific discipline means that ancient and modern languages tend not to be considered quite as critical as they once were for expertise in the field.
A See Dennis E. Groh, "The Onomasticon of Eusebius and the Rise of Christian Palestine," Studia Patristica XVIII: Papers of the 1983 Oxford Patristics Conference, ed. E. A. Livingstone, Vol. 1 (Kalamazoo, Mich.: Cistercian Publications, 1985), 23-31; Pietro
A. Kaswalder, Onomastica Biblica (Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press, 2002), 63-97. For further see: Robert Wilken, The Land
Called Holy: Palestine in Christian History and Thought (New Haven/London: Yale University Press, 1992); R. N. Swanson (ed.),
The Holy Land, Holy Lands and Christian History (Studies in Church History 26; Woodridge: Boydell, 2000); Gtinter Stemberger,
Jews and Christians in the Holy Land: Palestine in the Fourth Century (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 2000).
5 See P. W. L. Walker, Holy City, Holy Places? Christian Attitudes to Jerusalem and the Holy Land in the Fourth Century (Oxford:
Clarendon, 1990).
6 See Leah di Segni, "The 'Onomasticon' of Eusebius and the Madaba Map," in M. Piccirillo and E. Alliata (eds.), The Madaba Map
Centenary 1897-1997. Travelling through the Byzantine-Umayyad Period. Proceedings of the International Conference held in Amman, 7-9 April, 1997 (Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press, 1999), 115-120.
7 See John Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrims before the Crusades (Warminster: Aris and Phillips, 2002), 29: "[t]he influence of the Onomasticon...on its ancient readers...was immense."
(De Princ. 4: 3: 4), and the wells of Ascalon supposedly dug by Abraham (Contra Celsum 4:
44)."° the Bible, and perhaps an enticement to Christian scholars like himself to investigate sites further.®
Eusebius' intended audience was not the ordinary (though usually wealthy) pious ChrisIt was Origen's Alexandrian pupil Pamphilus
(c.240-309)'* who was Eusebius' teacher, and tians who would come to see Biblical sites after 325, but rather scholars like himself who wanted
Origen's investigative journey may well have been replicated by both Pamphilus and Eusebius, if they sought to do as their teacher did. Eusebius may even have used Origen's notes, for all we know. We have no positive evidence that Pamphilus undertook a historia and walked the roads of Palestine in search of Biblical places, but the evidence that Eusebius himself did so is clear throughout the Onomasticon. He carefully notes to understand the sacred text as well as possible, even if they might not set foot in the land. If they did, Eusebius' work would help their journey."
Such scholars were people like Melito of Sardis (died c.190), who wrote that he had visited the East and arrived at "'the place where the messages of the Bible were preached and done" (Eusebius,
Eccles. Hist. 4:26:14), or the 3rd century visitor Alexander (Hist. Eccles. 6:11:2), who later became distances in milestones, and directions, to ensure that the exact placements of villages and towns he considers '"'Biblical'' in origin are recorded.
However, at times Eusebius also relied on other testimony; for example in the case of the village of Batanaia, 15 milestones from Caesarea Philippi, there are "'said to be medicinal baths" (52:24—26).
Bishop of Jerusalem (Jerome, De Vir. Ill. 62).
Christian scholars were interested in Palestine in the same way that classical scholars were interested in places associated with the stories of Homer, or Herodotus. It was Herodotus (484-418
B.C.) who had set the standard by travelling around the Black Sea, Egypt and all the way to Babylon in search of answers to why Greeks and Persians had fought one another, calling his research a historia, investigation.'° Christian scholars are described by Eusebius as undertaking just such a historia, a learned investigation (to In other words, he does not seem to have been there to verify the fact, even though he can state precisely the distance from Batanaia to Caesarea
Philippi.
The process of investigation proceeded along classical lines with the purpose to better understand the most important literature of ChristianEleona, Dem. Evang. 6:18; to Bethlehem, Dem.
Evang. 7:2:14).'' Origen (c.185-254), once he had moved from Alexandria to Caesarea (c.230), went on "'an investigation of the traces of Jesus and his disciples and the prophets" (Comm. in Joh. 1:28, ity: the Bible. Even with the flowering of the phenomenon of Christian pilgrimage, which would focus more on prayer and the intrinsic sanctity of certain sacred shrines in Palestine,
Jerome can still recommend the classical historiafocused approach: vi: 40) in order to understand the Bible better. He and other visitors could be shown (probably by local guides) a cliff near the Sea of Galilee where the Gadarene swine apparently perished (ibid.), or the cave in Bethlehem where Christ (and, coincidentally, Adonis'*) was born (Contra Celsum 1:
In the same way that they who have seen Athens understand the Greek histories better, and they who have sailed from Troy through Leucate, and from Acroceraunia to 51), the tomb of Rachel nearby (Comm. in Matt.
Sicily, and from there to the mouth of the frag. 34), the tomb of the Patriarchs at Hebron
8 So T. D. Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981), 110; Walker, Holy City, 42-3.
9 However, Eusebius can include sites outside from Palestine (e.g., Babel, Ararat), far away from the later pilgrim trails, and most of the places he lists as mentioned in the Bible are not given a precise location.
10 See R. P. Lister, The Travels of Herodotus (New York: Gordon and Ceremonsi, 1979).
11 For this and further see Joan E. Taylor, Christians and the Holy Places: The Myth of Jewish-Christian Origins (Oxford: Clarendon,
1993), 306-18.
12 See Taylor, Christians and the Holy Places, 96-112.
13 See E. D. Hunt, Holy Land Pilgrimage in the Later Roman Empire A.D. 312-460 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1984), 92-3.
14 Hist. Eccles. 6:32; 7:32; 8:13; Eusebius wrote a Life of Pamphilus in honour of his teacher.
apparently written last, since Eusebius added this introduction upon the advice of Paulinus, who was Bishop of Tyre (see 2: 3-5). Importantly,
Paulinus must have retired as Bishop of Tyre prior to the Council of Nicaea in June/July 325,
Tiber understand the third book of Virgil, so he who has contemplated Judaea with his own eyes and knows the sites of ancient cities, and knows the names of the places, whether the same or changed, will regard since he does not appear on the list of attendees
Scripture more lucidly. there. This has led C. U. Wolf to suggest that Eusebius dedicated the Onomasticon to Paulinus
Praef. in Lib. Paralip. at his retirement, which would also explain why no Constantinian discoveries, developments or churches are mentioned anywhere in the work.!?
Had the Onomasticon been completed after 325, when the imperial ladies Eutropia and Helena made their miraculous discoveries in Mambre and Golgotha respectively,*' there would have been some mention of these.
In the Onomasticon, Mambre is still the site of pagan rituals (6: 13— Curiously, we do not have any scholarly consensus about when exactly Eusebius composed the Onomasticon. Following the German scholars
P. Thomsen!? and E. Schwartz,!® D. S. WallaceHadrill considered it to be one of Eusebius' later works, since he believed it reflected the consciousness of a Christian Palestine that may be visited by pilgrims, and it was only after Helena's visit that such a consciousness could be said to exist.''
14; 124.8).*' Eusebius notes, in regard to his study of ancient Jerusalem and the Temple, that he would undertake the project "'with consideration
But, as noted above, Eusebius' consciousness was more classically exegetical and investigative than practical, more scholarly than pious. The finished version cannot be dated very early, but there are some reasons to think it should not be dated very to the existing remains of these sites' (2: 11-12), and references to Jerusalem in the body of the work reflect the city as it existed prior to the Constantinian building projects. Even the name he uses—Ailia—is the pre-Constantinian Roman name of the city: Aelia Capitolina. The final form of the work must therefore be dated between 313 and mid-325, but no later. late either.
The terminus a quo for the completed version is 313, when Eusebius became Bishop of Caesarea, since he defines himself in the opening line as 'Eusebius of Pamphilus,'* Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine." The introduction to the work was
15 P. Thomsen, "Palastina nach dem Onomasticon des Eusebius,' > ZDPV 26 (1903), 97-141; 145-188, at p.131 though cf. p.101.
16 E. Schwartz, "Eusebios von Caesarea," RE 6 (1907), 1370-1439, at p.1434.
17 D. S. Wallace-Hadrill, Eusebius of Caesarea (London: Mowbray, 1960), 55-7.
18 Jerome notes that Eusebius derived his name from "the blessed martyr Pamphilus" (3:1). He took the name of his teacher to show close affinity and respect. It perhaps even indicates that a kind of father-son relationship existed between the two men. Pamphilus was executed during the persecutions of Maximinus, in February, 309. Eusebius wrote of Pamphilus' martyrdom in a gruesome chronicle, The Martyrs of Palestine, preserved in Syriac, see Eusebius, History of the Martyrs of Palestine, ed. and transl. William
Cureton (London: Williams and Norgate, 1861), 25. The short version, in Greek, has the martyrdom of Pamphilus at 11:1—-19, and refers to him as a presbyter of Caesarea.
19 C. U. Wolf, "Eusebius of Caesarea and the Onomasticon," The Biblical Archaeologist 27 (1964), 66-96, at p.74. Wolf does not hazard a guess at when this would have been but perhaps implies it was in about 324. Wolf notes also that Jerome placed the Onomasticon late in Eusebius' career. Peter Walker places the composition of the Onomasticon early in the 290s, when Eusebius was in his thirties (42, 406-7).
20 For the dating of their trip, see J. E. Taylor, "Helena and the True Cross (Review Article)," Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel
Archaeological Society 12 (1992-3), 52-60, at pp.58-9.
21 As noted by Thomsen, "'Palastina nach dem Onomasticon," 101; Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, 25. It is unlikely that Eusebius could have blithely referred to pagan rituals at Mambre after Eutropia's visit there. After receiving a letter from her about these pagan rituals, Constantine wrote furiously to Macarius and the Bishops of Palestine, a body which included Eusebius (cf. Vita
Const. 51, where he felt personally addressed by the letter): "my truly pious mother-in-law...has informed us by letter about the unbridled foolishness of impious people, which you have hitherto not detected (at this place), so that the criminal actions you have overlooked may now by our necessary, though late, means be appropriately corrected and remedied. For indeed it is a serious impiety that sacred places should be defiled by the stain of unholy impurities" (Vita Const. 52 and cf. 53). The fact that these practices had not been reported to the emperor by the Christian bishops was considered a terrible oversight, and Constantine expected the bishops to stamp out such "impurities."
his own day, so this may not be conclusive.
Paulinus, Bishop of Tyre, was a man whom Eusebius held in the highest esteem.
It was Eusebius who had delivered the speech to dedicate the new basilical church at Tyre,*" which had been
The preface itself clearly indicates that Eusebius was gaining advice from Paulinus on how an existing work could reach its final, publishable, form. Paulinus has replied with a proposal on how this might be achieved. Eusebius writes: built following the victory of Constantine and Licinius over Maximinus in 313 (Hist. Eccles. 10:
'TjJust as you suggested at the beginning of your proposal...I shall provide and assert what I propose to do at the start of this piece of work"
4), and he subsequently dedicated all of book 10 of his Ecclesiastical History to Paulinus (Hist.
Eccles. 10:1), a book which ends with the fall of Licinius in June 324. Was the Onomasticon completed subsequently? Jerome indicates as much, for he states that the work was done "'after writing his ten books of Ecclesiastical History" (3:
(2: 3-5) and "I shall assemble things ..
. in accordance with those matters you have suggested already in your proposal for the improvement of the whole subject" (2: 12-14).
Eusebius took up the suggestions presented by Paulinus in his critique of the work, and revised the Onomasticon accordingly, adding the elegant preface in the process. Stylistically, the preface is remarkably dissimilar in style to the rest of the work, and 1-2). The evidence may then suggest that the Onomasticon was indeed a retirement present for Paulinus of Tyre.
The final completion of the Onomasticon in line with Paulinus' recommendations may then be clearly gives the impression of being written as an addition. early 325, but the date that Eusebius began working on the project is probably impossible to determine, despite what Jerome states. It would have involved a huge amount of research, both in Whatever system Eusebius used to assemble his information on each site, the work has the appearance of something that has been added to piece by piece over many years. Some sites have very full entries indicating that Eusebius or an informant has seen what was there, some have libraries and on the road. Eusebius is known to have edited his Ecclesiastical History continually for about 25 years, adding new chapters and revising it as circumstances changed."° It would fit with this working pattern, so evident in his magnum opus, if his Onomasticon were created in little more than the briefest mention with information entirely gleaned from Scripture. We can a similar fashion. The starting date for the work may have been as early as the 290s, as T. D.
Barnes has argued.** Barnes suggests an early date for the main composition of the work, since
Petra is described as both a "city of Arabia" (142:
7-8; 144:7-9) and as "'a city of Palestine" (36: 13— easily imagine a scenario in which Eusebius, based in Caesarea, undertook various journeys, and, when he had the opportunity to check on localities, he added notes to an on-going project about the places mentioned in Scripture. Eventually, it was sufficiently finished for him to offer
14), identifications that may refer to the way the boundaries of Palestine were altered in the 290s.*°
However, in describing Petra as 'a city of Palestine,'
Eusebius is actually referring to Josephus' opinion, rather than the situation in it to Paulinus.
Apart from Paulinus suggesting that Eusebius should write a proper preface outlining what he intended to do in his work, Paulinus may have suggested that he add references to New Testa22 Interestingly, Origen's tomb was at Tyre, a fact that undoubtedly had special significance for Eusebius and his teacher Pamphilus.
23 When exactly he began the Ecclesiastical History and when precisely he added which chapters has been debated over the years, see:
Barnes, Constantine and Eusebius, 128-9; 156-63; 191-2; R. M. Grant, Eusebius as Church Historian (Oxford: Clarendon, 1980),
10-21; the introductory remarks in Kirsopp Lake's translation of Eusebius' Ecclesiastical History (Loeb; London: Heinnemann,
1926/1932); Eusebius, The History of the Church from Christ to Constantine, edited with an introduction by G. A. Williamson
(Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1965), 19-21.
24 There has even been some suggestion that Eusebius' work began as marginal notes on a copy of the Hexapla in the Caesarean library, which Eusebius eventually expanded into a separate work, so Thomsen, "'Palastina nach dem Onomasticon," 130-2.
25 T. D. Barnes, ""The Composition of Eusebius' Onomasticon," JTS 26 (1975), 412-415, at pp.111—14; id. Constantine and Eusebius,
OSI
then, appears to have been conceived as an exegetical aid for scholars approaching Greek versions of the Hebrew Scriptures. The New Testament was indeed an afterthought in his ment sites. Eusebius seems to have lost interest in completing the job. While he did include a few
Gospel sites, he omitted to add anything about Jesus in his entry on Bethlehem (42: 10-14). The paucity of New Testament sites in the Onomastiproject. con has caused some discussion. Melamed suggested that Eusebius was in fact using a Jewish written source, since his study is so heavily weighted towards a discussion of places in Hebrew Scripture.2° However, early Christian exegetes were highly focused on the Old Testament overall, and this is reflected in later pilgrim
The title Onomasticon, a '"'collection of names," has fallen upon the work over the centuries. In Eusebius' Greek text, as it stands in the manuscript tradition, the Onomasticon is simply introduced with the words: peri f6n topikon onomaton ton en fé theia graphé, '"'On the Names of Places in Sacred Scripture."'
Jerome retitled the work Liber interest also.*' It seems that Eusebius was not thinking of the New Testament in his analysis when he began his project, and mention of sites such as Golgotha, Akeldama and so on were put de Situ et Nominibus Locorum Hebraicorum,
"Book on the Sites and Names of the Places of the Hebrews," though he refers to it elsewhere (De
Vir. Ill. 81) as topikon. Jerome's title undoubtedly reflects the original title given to the work by Eusebius better than the later independent Greek manuscript tradition (see below) and confirms
Eusebius' interest in places of the Hebrews. For Eusebius the "Hebrews"? were usually those of long ago, as opposed to contemporary Jews."
The omission of any reference to the Hebrews in the title of the Greek manuscript tradition can easily be explained, since a later copyist would have noted that Eusebius does include New
Testament (i.e., post-Hebrew, "Jewish''?) sites.
Jerome would then have faithfully retained what he found in Eusebius when the Greek copyist did in at a final stage; it is for this reason that one can look to Paulinus for the idea. Eusebius writes at the end of the preface that he will indeed undertake his project of collecting names "from the whole of divinely-inspired Scripture" (2: 17—
18). He is responding to some comment such as "vou have not drawn the names from the whole of divinely-inspired Scripture if you do not include the New Testament." Eusebius here asserts that it is his intention to include everything, but in practice he fails to deliver.
The total scope of his project indicates that Eusebius was firmly focused on the Greek versions of the Hebrew Scriptures. He writes in the preface that his project comprises (1) a transliteration of the ethnological terms in the Hebrew Scriptures from Hebrew into the Greek not. At any rate, the title in Jerome gives some indication that Eusebius' original project was focused on the Greek Old Testament, and only additionally included references to the Gospels.
In referring to the Greek Old Testament, we should not think of a kind of standard Septuagint that was in use in Christian communities throughout the Roman Empire. Eusebius notes the variants between Greek manuscripts, and apparently is using Origen's Hexapla as his master language; (2) an area register or map (katagraphe) of the twelve tribes' allotments; and (3) a plan of Jerusalem and of the Temple."® These lost sections all concern matters to do with the Old Testament.
It would have been consistent if the Onomasticon likewise in fact only concerned the place names of text.°° In this work, the Hebrew text in column 1 the Old Testament alone. The overall project,
26 Melamed, in Tarbiz 3 (1932), 314-27; 393-409; Tarbiz 4 (1933), 78-96; 249-84 (in Hebrew), summarised by Wolf, "Eusebius of Caesarea," 85-89.
27 See Taylor, Christians and the Holy Places, 327-8.
28 Jerome clearly indicates he knew these works, though they do not survive. Some resonance of them appears in the form of the Onomasticon as we have it, particularly in regard to tribal allotments.
29 Michael Avi-Yonah, The Jews of Palestine: A Political History from the Bar Kokhba War to the Arab Conquest (Oxford: Clarendon,
1976), 151-2.
30 See for analyses: Alison Salvesen (ed.), Origen's Hexapla and Fragments: Papers presented at the Rich Seminar on the Hexapla
(Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies, August 1994; Tiibingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1998).
was followed by a transcription of the Hebrew did not search for places in Psalms, the Song of Solomon, Obadiah, Joel, Jonah, Nahum, Zephainto Greek letters in column 2; the Greek translation of Aquila in column 3; Symmachus in column 4; Origen's version of the Septuagint in column 5 and Theodotion in column 6. Eusebius niah, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, Habakkuk,
Haggai, Malachi, Ruth, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes or Lamentations, possibly because some of these did not have many geographical references, or they referred to places far away from Eusebius' territory and he had no resources for finding out more about them.*! Alternatively, he simply did uses the version of column 5 as his standard and then notes others in his Onomasticon entries by using Greek abbreviations, which in the present translation are rendered as A (Aquila); S (Symmachus) and Th (Theodotion).
For example, Eusebius writes (38: 1): "Adama. A., S.: underground; Th.: of the earth." In this entry Eusebius gives the name of the site as is found in column 5, reflecting in fact the Hebrew word adama of Isa. not get around to completing the job.
Most of Eusebius' entries are based solely on texts, not on observations of contemporary Palestine, and most of these are extremely brief, e.g., "Iethlan. Lot of Dan" (110:7), or ""Kabseel.
Where Banaiah the son of Judah was" (118: 10).
These entries tell us nothing more than what is found in the texts Eusebius was reading. The interesting entries are when Eusebius records information from his investigations rather than just recording what he found in texts.
For example (28:22):
15:9. He then indicates that Aquila and Symmachus translate this name in their Greek versions as "underground," and Theodotion likewise has ''of the earth" instead of the place-name. Indeed, a place-name is not always a place-name in every text, and can be a misreading of a phrase.
Likewise, place-names can get lost, or translated as meaningful phrases, when they are localities.
Eusebius consistently follows Origen's text, but notes where others have different opinions. Here,
Adama is not in fact a place-name, but none of the Greek translators has rendered it correctly.
The New Jerusalem Bible translates Isa. 15: 9
'"Dimon's waters are swollen with blood."
Acheseloth. A city in the lot of Issachar. This village is called Chsalous in the plain near
Mount Thabor, eight milestones east of Diocaesarea.
In this case Eusebius links the Greek name of the town mentioned in Josh. 19:18 (Chesulloth),
Eusebius arranges his work by looking at names in alphabetical sequence, divided into the books of Scripture as found in the Septuagint. He begins with listings under the Pentateuch: Genwith its tribal identity as found in the text, but then goes on to note that there is a village named
Chsalous located in the plain (of Jezreel) near Mount Thabor. He carefully records that one reaches it by going eight milestones eastwards from the city of Diocaesarea. This provides a very precise way of identifying the site for anyone taking this road, and passing the Roman milestones. Interestingly, one can get a sense of where
Eusebius (or his source) actually went. In the case esis, Exodus, Numbers and Deuteronomy (often linked together) but not Leviticus.
In some alphabetic divisions, Eusebius refers only to the Pentateuch as a general heading under Genesis or lists sites without a title. Eusebius then refers to places in Joshua, Judges and Kingdoms (which includes 1 and 2 Samuel, and 1 and 2 Kings, 1
Chronicles, Isaiah, Hosea, Zechariah, Micah, of the routes from Diocaesarea, for example, he recorded distances only on this eastern road.
Along it he found: Acheseloth after 8 milestones Ezekiel, Amos, Jeremiah, Job, 1 Maccabees).
Finally, he lists places found in the Gospels, which sometimes get tacked on to the end of Kingdoms. Occasionally places are put in the wrong category. The places of 1 and 2 Chronicles replicate those of Kings, and therefore explicit mention of these need not be expected. Eusebius
(22: 4—S, 28:22), Thabor, a mountain, somewhat strangely recorded as being at 10 milestones (98:
23-25), which may indicate its summit, and Oullama, 12 milestones east of the city (140: 16—
18). This also shows us that "'east" to Eusebius 31 See Wolf, "Eusebius of Caesarea," 74-5.
was not necessarily due east, but rather a direction populated by "Hebrews who believe in Christ, called Ebionites."*? When Jerome wrote he mentioned numerous Biblical localities that now had churches, indicating Christian presence at places mentioned in Scripture. like this indicates the road that goes off in a more or less easterly direction, and in this case it would have gone south-east and had to wind around the hills.°* Further discussion of Eusebius' way of recording distances and the actual roadways he mentions is found in Excursus II.
There is not a wide range of manuscripts of the Onomasticon. An edition of the Onomasticon was published by J. Bonfrére in 1631 and 1659, under the name Onomasticon Urbium et Locorum Sacrae
Scripturae (Paris) which relied on the Codex Parisianus Gr. 464, dating from the 16th century.
But a far more important text is the earlier manuscript, Codex Vaticanus Gr. 1456, from the The text used for the present translation is that prepared by Erich Klostermann.** This includes the Latin translation (or expanded version) of Jerome.** Dr. Greville Freeman-Grenville has produced an English translation of this work
~ also, so that comparison can be made between Eusebius and Jerome for historical reasons, and 12th century, possibly originating at St. Catherine's in Sinai. P. de Lagarde used both manuscripts for an edition of the Onomasticon published in Gottingen (1870). This updated an so that those interested in the sites may have access to Jerome's fuller commentaries.
By comparing the two works we see how Christian Palestine has developed between the early 320s and the late 380s, when Jerome most likely undertook the revision. These works indicate the extent of settlement in the area of Palestine by different religious groups. While Jews, Christians and pagans co-existed in numerous cities of the region, it is Eusebius who gives us some indication of extensive Jewish settlement of the Daroma
(meaning "'south'') by mentioning Jewish villages earlier critical edition of F. Larsow and G.
Parthey published in Berlin in 1862. The Greek text of Eusebius used by Klostermann was mainly that of the Vatican, but with amendments on the basis of comparison with other existing manuscripts.°° For Jerome's version, manuscripts exist from the 8th and 9th centuries: the Monacensis
Lat. 6228, Codex Sangallensis 133 and 130, Bambergensis B iv 19 and there is also the Berolinensis theol. lat. 353 (12th century) for comparison.
Jerome's Latin text was published by Iohannes Martianay in 1699 and by D. Vallarsi in (e.g., Anaia 26:7; Esthemo 86:20; Thalcha 98:26;
Tettan 108:8) in this region (cf. also Ziph: 92:15); Eusebius mentions only four Christian villages corresponding to Biblical sites in the whole of Palestine: Anaia (Aneim) (26: 13-14); Ietheira
1735.°' Klostermann used the Latin manuscripts of Jerome to amend or fill in the gaps in the Greek
(108: 1, cf. 88:3), Kariatha (112: 14) and Choba (172: 1-3). Two of these (Anaia and Ietheira) are text, and arguably a new Greek edition of the Onomasticon 1s needed, especially since Syriac manuscripts can now be used for textual purin the Daroma area, one (Kariatha) is east of the Jordan near Medaba, and the last one is close to Damascus and defined by Eusebius as being poses.°*® Klostermann also relied on Procopius of Gaza's sixth-century commentary on the Octa32 See Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrims, Map 8, p. 48.
33 E. Klostermann, Das. Onomasticon der biblischen Ortsnamen, Eusebius Werke III/1 (1904/1966), in the series Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte II, 1 (GCS; Hildesheim: Georg Olms, 1904/1966), xvi; Melamed, Tarbiz 3
(1932), 409; Wolf, "Eusebius of Caesarea," 76.
34 See also J. Migne, Patrologia Graeca 111/23 (1845), columns 859-928.
35 Here Eusebius uses the term "Hebrews," possibly to define their ethnicity, as opposed to "Jews," which for him carried the implication of contemporary Jewish religious observance. The possibility that all the towns mentioned by Eusebius were in fact
Jewish-Christian needs to be noted, especially given that Anaia and Ietheira were in a region in which there were a number of Jewish villages.
36 Klostermann, Onomasticon, xvii.
37 For further on these editions and the manuscripts see Klostermann, Onomasticon, xxvii-xxxili.
38 For this see Wolf, "Eusebius of Caesarea," 81. A Syriac manuscript dating to the 14th century was discovered and partly edited in the 1920s: I. Rahmani, E. Tisserant, R. Devreese and R. Power, ""L'Onomasticon d'Eusébe dans une ancienne traduction syriaque," Revue de l'orient chretienne, 3rd series III (= XXIII, 1922-23), 225ff.
Israel/Palestine grid co-ordinates of all identified sites in the area. This index supplements the index provided at the back of Klostermann's edition, which gives the Greek names of entries in consistent alphabetical order, divided into (1) the main Greek entries and (2) other Greek names, and then (3) Latin names in Jerome's text.
Klostermann also provided a careful index to chapter and verses of the Bible in his text, and this will not be repeated here. teuch, which quotes from the Onomasticon. This exists as a manuscript from the 11th century:
Codex Monacensis Gr. 358. Klostermann's edition included a map of Palestine with Eusebius'
Greek place-names, prepared by P. Thomsen.
Eusebius' Onomasticon may not be the most exciting work from antiquity to read cover to cover; it is a kind of exegetical encyclopaedia that one can dip into. Eusebius' arrangement made sense in terms of what he expected his readers to do. He apparently imagined them engaged in a study of a particular Biblical book. They would
At the end of this book are maps showing where Eusebius' sites may be located, both Biblical and Roman. Where these are uncertain, alternative sites are indicated followed by a question-mark. These maps also update that of Thomsen, and use current information on the whereabouts of the Roman road system. They are not maps of 4th-century Palestine, but rather they complement Eusebius' text. For a full map of Roman Palestine, the reader is referred to the excellent Tabula Imperii Romani." hit a place-name beginning with a certain letter, then they would go to his work, find the section with the letter, find the book they were looking at, and locate the place-name. However, since modern scholars may use the Onomasticon somewhat differently, we provide in this edition an annotated index, assembled by Dr. Rupert Chapman, in which Eusebius' place-names are listed in English alphabetical order. In the translation we have highlighted in bold face different site names, and distinguished sites with the same name by Roman numerals, which we hope will avoid confusion. This annotated index is not only for cross-referencing sites, but is provided as a guide
Excurses on the ways Eusebius describes directions and orientations in the Onomasticon are provided to help further in the task of fixing the locations of sites. As noted above, we also consider distances and roads in Roman Palestine.
This book is very much concerned with site to site identification, both in terms of Biblical sites and those Eusebius mentions as existing in 4thcentury Palestine. There is no attempt to provide detailed information about what has been discovered at sites by means of archaeological excavations or surveys. Where "excavated site" identification, as a tool for archaeologists in the region. At the same time, however, it is also concerned with what Eusebius can tell us about Roman Palestine. Many more discussions about Eusebius and the Onomasticon could be added, but here our principal aim is to provide an is given, it means that the site may be found in works such as The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land (Jerusalem:
Carta, 1993) or in other well-known sources, including excavation reports. The index gives the accessible translation, with a helpful index, for use by anyone interested in the sites of this remarkable area of the world, as recorded in the 4th century.
39 Yoram Tsafrir, Leah di Segni and Judith Green, with Israel Roll and Tsvika Tsuk, Tabula Imperii Romani Iudaea-Palestina: Eretz
Israel in the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Periods: Maps and Gazetteer (Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1994), henceforth T/R. For an earlier study, see Michael AviYonah, Map of Roman Palestine (QDAP 5, 1936), 139—
193, republished in a 2nd rev. ed. as Map of Roman Palestine (London/Jerusalem: Published for the Government of Palestine by Humphrey Milford, Oxford University Press, 1940) and id. Gazetteer of Roman Palestine (Qedem 5, Jerusalem: Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Carta, Jerusalem, 1976).
THE ONOMASTICON OF
EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA
and
THE LIBER LOCORUM OF
JEROME translated by G. S. P. Freeman-Grenville
A Note on the Translation significant in terms of certain site identifications.
This translation attempts to render in English the Greek and Latin original text established by Erich
Klostermann and published in Die griechischen In the transliterations of the Greek into English no distinction is made between epsilon and eta
(both being transliterated as 'e'?) or omicron and omega (both transliterated as 'o'). The appearance christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte II, 1 [Eusebius
III, 1] (Leipzig, 1904, republished Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1966). It does not translate Klostermann's critical notes, and for full appreciation of the word in English may therefore not necessarily reflect the pronunciation of the word in Greek (e.g. Bethleem), let alone any regional language that gave rise to the place-name. Jerome of the textual problems and variants the specialist renders transliterations of the Greek into Latin according to the common practice of his time.
Sometimes he appears to render these in a more reader is referred to his edition. It is envisaged that some scholars will wish to read the English translation with Klostermann's edition closely to hand. The aim here is to make the text Klostermann established accessible to a wider audience of accurate way in terms of the pronunciation he knew in Palestine.
For alternative ways of rendering the place-names in English transliterascholars and other readers. tion, see the index following the translation.
Again, for specialists, it is anticipated that Klostermann's edition will be consulted.
No attempt has been made to change Eusebius' staccato note-like descriptions into more literary
English. The policy of making the translation as Exceptions have been made for place-names true to the original as possible extends also to that have become conventional in English, hence,
"Jerusalem" rather than For minutiae. For example, where Eusebius has used numbers for distances (e.g. 8) a number will be
'*Hierousalem."' personal names, the policy has been to render them in accordance with modern English Biblical found in the translation, and where words (e.g. eight) likewise.
Eusebius tends to distinguish translations, e.g. the New Revised Standard between 'miles' and 'milestones', and this distincVersion or New Jerusalem Bible. tion is found in the translation since this may be
Preface Jerome Eusebius EUSEBIUS derived his surname from the blessed martyr Pamphilus. After writing his ten books of EUSEBIUS PAMPHILI, Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine, concerning the place-names in the Divine Scripture. Just as you suggested at the beginning of your proposal, Paulinus, holy man
Ecclesiastical History, the Canons of Time— which we have edited in Latin—the Names of various Nations, which he explained were spoken of God, I shall provide and assert what I propose of formerly by the Hebrews and which are still to do at the start of this piece of work. First, I spoken, a Map of the Land of Judaea and the shall transliterate into Greek the names for the people of the world which appear in Hebrew in Holy Scripture. Then, I shall make a map of different allotments that fell to the tribes, and also a Picture of the Temple of Jerusalem with a brief explanation, he worked finally on this little book in order to bring together for us from Holy ancient Judaea from the whole book, dividing the allotted territories of the twelve tribes.
In Scripture the names of almost all the cities, addition, I shall trace the representation of their mountains, rivers, villages and different places, ancient, famous, mother-city, I mean of course that either remained the same, or were changed
Jerusalem, including in this the plan of the Temple, after comparison with the existing remains of the sites. I shall assemble things in later, or otherwise partly corrupted.
So too we, following the industry of this admirable man, have translated it, leaving aside line with this, and in accordance with those those things that do not seem to be worth remembering, and changing several. For, as I matters you have suggested already in your proposal for the improvement of the whole said once before in the Book of Time (Chronicon), subject. I shall set out the cities and villages
I am either an interpreter or the author of a new work, the more so when—scarcely initiated in contained in Holy Scripture in the ancestral tongue, designating what sort of places they early writings—one has ventured to turn what is are, and how we name them, whether similarly to not Latin in manner into the Latin tongue. The the ancients or differently. So, from the whole of careful reader will immediately see the lack of competence in our translation by comparing the divinely-inspired Scripture, I shall collect the names that are sought, and set each one down in two. Nevertheless, while I do not claim I can alphabetical order, for easy retrieval of names ascend to the heavens, I believe I can keep my when they happen to occur here and there in the feet firmly on the ground. readings. i]
Jerome Eusebius From Genesis From Genesis Ararat (Gen. 8: 4), Armenia. The Ark is reported to have settled in the mountains of Ararat, Armenia. In as much as it is asserted that the Ark settled in the Ararat mountains after Ararat, and they say that until today in the mountains of Armenia are to be seen the remains the flood, the remains of it are said to remain to this day. Jeremiah also mentions these mountains in the vision about Babylon. Likewise Josephus, of the Ark. Jeremiah also mentions Ararat, in the in the First Book of the Antiquities of the Jews, vision about Babylon. Likewise Josephus, in the setting out the historians of worldly letters, says:
Noah, realising that the earth had been freed from the Flood, let seven further days pass, and First Book of the Antiquities of the Jews {1:89-92] produces collateral evidence of the history of the place, where he writes in these words: "When
Noah perceived that the earth was freed from the released all the animals and beasts from where they had been shut up, and himself came out with Flood, he let seven days pass, and released the his offspring, offering sacrifices to God and living creatures from the Ark, and came forth rejoicing with his children. The Armenians call with his family, and, offering sacrifice to God, this place the Exit or Egress; so too the villagers rejoiced with his household." Indeed the Armein those regions bear witness that the Ark came nians call the place the landing-place. There too the local people display the surviving remains of to rest there first, and that the remains of some of the timbers survive. All those who have written the Ark even now. All the writers of the history of histories of the barbarians record the Ark and the barbarians mention the Flood and the Ark, among whom is Berosus the Chaldaean. For,
Flood, of whom one is Berosus the Chaldaean, who spoke thus concerning the Cardueni in Armenia, and that some people purify the bitumen they extract from it: they use it chiefly for describing the Flood and how they passed through it, he said that part of the vessel still existed in Armenia in the mountain of the illustration and expiation. So too Hieronymus
Korduaioi, and that some of the bitumen taken from it is still preserved. The people make great the Egyptian, who wrote a beautiful discourse on use of it, preserving it for expiation. Hieronymos the antiquities of the Phoenicians, and Mnaseas, and many others. Nicholas the Damascene mentions it in his sixth book: the Egyptian, writing of Phoenician Antiquities, mentions it also, and Mnaseas, and many others.
Nicholas of Damascus refers to it in his ninetyIn Armenia there is a mountain near Minyas called
Beris, to which they say many fled from the Flood, sixth book, saying as follows:
In Armenia there is a large mountain above Minuas and were saved there, and others swam to the hull of the Ark and reached its side, and that for many called Baris, to which it is said many fled to save years timbers from the Ark used to be shown: which themselves from the flood, and some were swept on I think, are not other than those which Moses, the to the Ark, which ran aground on the ridge, and the Lawgiver of the Jews, published in his books. remains of the timbers were preserved for a long time. This is what took place, as also Moses, the Lawgiver of the Jews, wrote.
Achad (Gen. 10:10). A city of the Kingdom of Nimrod in Babylon.
Achad, a city of the Kingdom of Nimrod in Babylon. Further, the Hebrews say that this is the city of Mesopotamia which today is called iz
Jerome Eusebius Nisibis, and which once was besieged and captured by the Roman consul Lucullus, and which the Emperor Jovian surrendered to the Persians a few years ago.
Aggai adjoins the western side of Bethel, not Aggai (Gen. 12:8). West of Baithel. They are far from it. Now on the way to Aelia from Neapolis Bethel is situated on the left hand side not far from one another. On the way from Ailia to Neapolis Baithel is on the left of the road about twelve milestones from Ailia. Even until today Baithel remains, while the deserted place of Aggai is shown alone; Scripture calls it Gai [I]. of the road about twelve milestones from Aelia, and is shown even today, although it is a small village. There also is a church built where Jacob slept as he passed through to Mesopotamia, whence also he gave it the name Bethel, that is,
House of God. Of Aggai indeed only a few ruins remain and so mark the place. It is a fact that in Hebrew there is no letter G, so it is called Ai, and written with the character they call Ain.
Astaroth Karnaim is the land of the former Astaroth Karnaein (Gen. 14:5). A land of giants on the mountain of the Sodomites whom
Chodollagomor slew. And today there are two giants whom Chodollagomor [Chedor-Laomer] slew, above the Sodomite (country). Even until today there are two villages of Batoloua in the castles by this name in Batanaea, nine miles apart, between the cities of Adara and Abila.
(province) of Batanaea lying 9 milestones away from each other between Adaron and the city of Abile.
Arboc. In our codices it is written corruptly Arboc, but in the Hebrew (codices) it is Arbe,
Arbo (Gen. 23:2). This is the same as Chebron, now a very large village, formerly the metropolis that is, four, because there the three Patriarchs,
Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, are buried, and Adam the Great, as is written in the Book of of the other tribes and the dwelling of giants, and afterwards the kingdom of David. It fell to the lot of the tribe of Judah, and was a priestly city, and Joshua: they say this also of the place of Calvary. one of refuge, lying 22 milestones south of Ailia.
The oak of Abraham and his tomb are to be seen This is the same as Chebron, which was once the mother-city of the Philistines and the habitation there, and the angels whom Abraham enterof giants, and afterwards the kingdom of David, tained, and the terebinth is contemplated and worshipped openly by the Gentiles. It was first a priestly city of the tribe of Judah and of refugees. It is about twenty-two miles away from called Arbo, and later called Chebron after the southern side of Aelia. And the oak of Abraham, which is at Mambre and which existed up until the reign of King Constantius, and his
Chebron, one of the sons of Chaleb, as in Chronicles.
[i.e. Abraham's] mausoleum, is displayed at the present time, in which a church has been built by us in the same place. The place of the terebinth under which Abraham once entertained the angels with hospitality is superstitiously worshipped by the neighbouring folk. This was first called Arbe, and then Chebron, a name taken iS
Jerome Eusebius from one of the sons of Chaleb. Read Words of the Days.
Ailam (Gen. 14:1). Lying on the Boundary of Ailath, the extreme limit of Palestine where the southern desert adjoins the Red Sea, whence they
Palestine in the desert to the south and beside the Red Sea, whence they sail to Egypt and India.
The Roman Tenth Legion is stationed there. It is sail from Egypt to India, and then (back) to Egypt. The Roman Legion called the Tenth was stationed there. Indeed formerly the ancients called Aila now. Formerly it belonged to the Elamite people. Chodollagomor was its king.
Another Ailam belonging to other tribes is mentioned in Kingdoms (2 Sam. 10:16). called it Ailath, now it is called Aila. But another
Aelam was formerly a nation that Chodollagomor ruled, of which mention is made in the Acts
(of the Apostles 2:9). And in the Books of Kings a certain city is written as Aela of Palestine.
Adama [I], one of the five cities of the Adama [I] (Gen. 14:2). One of the five cities of Sodom, destroyed with the rest.
Sodomites, destroyed with the rest.
Asasonthamar. Here there once lived the Amorites whom Chodollagomor slew, near the Cades desert. There is also another fort called
Thamara, a city separate by a day's journey from Asasan Thamar (Gen. 14:7). Here lived the Amorites whom Chodollagomor slew. It is in the desert of Kades [I]. It is said there is a certain village of Thamar [I] a day's journey distant from Mampsis on the way from Chebron to Ailam, where there is now a military garrison. the town of Mampsis on the way to Aila from Chebron, where a Roman garrison is stationed now.
Allus, a province of Idumaeans which is now Aloua (Gen. 36:40). A country of the princes of Edom in the present (province of) Gebalene, called Gebalene, near the city of Petra. lying near the city of Petra.
Aenam. On the way to Thamna it is now a Ainan (Gen. 38:14), which is in the passage of Thamna. Ainan is now a desert place lying beside
Thamna [I], a very large village inhabited up to desert place near the large village of Thamna [lI], which is situated between Aelia and Diospolis [I].
There is a spring in the place called Aena the present, lying between Ailia and Diospolis [I].
There is a spring in the place called Ainan where aforesaid: whence also Aena, which means fountain, takes its name: in it stands a very great there is an idol venerated by the country-folk. idol which is worshipped with veneration in this region. Further, the Hebrews say, Aena does not signify a place, but a road-fork, where one is obliged to choose one of two ways.
Areaatad, a place across the Jordan, where Halon Atad (Gen. 50: 10). It is across the Jordan, where they mourned for Jacob. The place once they mourned for Jacob, three milestones from Jericho, two miles away from the Jordan, which is now called Bethagla, which is translated lies three milestones from Jericho, and about two milestones from the Jordan. Now it is called
"the place of the circuit," because they circled round in the way the mourners did at Jacob's
Bethagla, which is translated the "'place of the circuit,' because they mourned Jacob (walking) in a circuit. funeral.
Eusebius Jerome From Exodus From Exodus Ailim (Exod. 15:27). Here (there are) twelve
Aelim [I] is a camp of the children of Israel springs of water and seventy palm trees. A halt of and a place in the desert, in which Moses, when the children of Israel in the desert. he came from the Red Sea, found twelve springs and seventy palm trees.
Ailous (Num. 33:13). A halt of the children of
Aelus, in the desert, where the children of 11 Israel pitched a camp.
Israel in the desert.
From Numbers and Deuteronomy From Numbers and Deuteronomy Aseroth (Num. 12:1). Part of the desert, where
Miriam and Aaron reproved Moses. The Hivites Aseroth, part of the desert, where Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses. Formerly Hivites lived in Aseroth as far as the city of Gaza. In dwelt there in Aseroth as far as Gaza. truth these places are not Aseroth, but the Hebrews think they are called Aserim.
Asemona (Num. 33:39). A halt of the children Asemona, a camp of the children of Israel in the desert. of Israel in the desert.
Antharim (Num. 21:1). A., S.: the road of the Aetherim, which Aquila and Symmachus have explained as the route of the scouts, where there scouts, where the Canaanites who dwelt in the south came upon Israel in the desert and fought. was a battle in the desert against the Canaanites, who had sallied forth from the south against Israel.
Aie, which is also Achalgai. Symmachus Aie (Num. 21:11), also Achelgai. S.: in the hills. interprets this as in the hills. It is in the province
It is said to be against the face of Moab, east of of the former Moab, now Areopolis, on the east
Areopolis. side.
Arnon, a certain rock that stood up on the boundary of the Amorites between Moab [I] and Arnon (Num. 21:13). A rock in the borders of the Amorites. It lies between Moab [I] and the the Amorites. Moab [I] indeed is the city of Arabia which is now called Areopolis. The Amorites, and there is Mount Moab which is
Areopolis in Arabia. A place is shown even until today as an extremely deep ravine called Arnon, extending over the northern parts of Areopolis inhabitants of that region show the place as horrible and frightening: a steep sunken valley, which even up to the present is called Arnonas by many people. It extends to the north of Areopo- [district]. Military detachments guard it on every side because of the dreadfulness of the place.
Formerly it belonged to Seon [Sihon], King of the lis. Here garrisons of soldiers drawn from every part threaten violence and are fearsome. Once it belonged to the Moabites, and later Seon, King
Amorites, who took it from the Moabites, then it became the boundary held by the children of of the Amorites, obtained it by right of conquest.
The land of the children of Israel also stretches Israel across the Jordan, extending from the Arnon to the mountains of Aermon and Libanus. across the Jordan from Arnon as far as Mounts
Aermon and Libanus.
Ar (Num. 21:15), a place of the Arnon, called Er by the 70.
Ar, the place or town of Arnon, which the translators of the Septuagint call Er with a long vowel.
Aesimon, a place in the desert. Finally the Aesimon (Num. 21:20), a place in the desert.
Jerome Eusebius word itself means uncultivated or desert land.
Abelsittim, a place in the desert south of the Abelsattein (Num. 33: 49). A place in the Moabites. desert west of Moab [I].
Azor or lazer is the boundary of the city of 13 Amman, which is now called Philadelphia, Azor (Num. 21: 24). The boundary of the
children of Amman, also Philadelphia, dividing it from the country of the Amorites. The village
Azer is eight milestones away from Philadelphia dividing it from the Amorite region. It is a village about eight milestones to the west, and remains to the present day. in the west, and remains to the present.
Aroer, a town of the Moabites which is Aroer (Deut. 3:12; 4:48). It is on the banks of situated on the bank of the Wadi Arnon.
Formerly it belonged to the very ancient people the Wadi Arnon. A city of Moab [I], which once belonged to the Ommein [Amorites], an ancient of Ommim, and afterwards it was owned by the people, which the children of Lot, that is, the children of Lot, that is, the Moabites, who subdued the earlier inhabitants. It is to be seen
Moabites, took. Even now it is pointed out lying on the crest of the mountain, as a wadi that falls through the ravine to the Dead Sea. Aroer fell to even today on the side of its mountain. The wadi descends abruptly, and flows into the Dead Sea. the lot of the tribe of Gad, and is said to be
Aroer fell to the lot of the tribe of Gad, opposite Rabba. opposite Rabba.
Astaroth [I] is the ancient city of Og, King of Astaroth [I] (Deut. 1:4). An ancient city of Og, where giants lived, which fell to the tribe of Manasseh.
It lies about six milestones from Adraa [I], a city of Arabia, in the [region] of Batanaea. [There is another] Adraa [II] 25 mileBasan, in which giants lived: afterwards it fell to the lot of the tribe of Manasseh: it is in the province of Batanaea, and six miles away from Adra [I], a city of Arabia. Further, Adra [II] is twenty-five miles distant from Bostra [I]. We mentioned it above in connection with Astaroth stones from Bostra [I]. We mentioned it in connection with Astaroth Karnaim above.
Carnaim.
Agri is a watch-tower mountain of the Moabites to which Balak the son of Sefor led
Balaam to curse Israel from the cliff-top, which is Agrou Skopia (Num. 23:14). The mountain of Moab in which Balak led Balaam to the mountain of cursing, overlooking the Dead Sea. called Vehement because of its ruggedness, and It is still pointed out not far from the Wadi lies beside the Dead Sea not far from Arnon.
Arnon.
Araboth Moab where the people were numAraboth Moab (Num. 26:3), where the people bered for the second time, which Aquila interwere numbered a second time. A.: Level ground prets as Low or Level Moab, a customary expression for a desert plateau, homalen, which of Moab, S.: the Plain of Moab, which is beside the Jordan by Jericho. It is a place pointed out is translated level or flat. Lastly, Symmachus even until today near Mount Fogor, which lies opposite Jericho on the way from Libias to translated Araboth Moab as the Plains of Moab.
Even until today there is a place near Mount Esbos.
Fogor, on the way from Livias to Esbus in Arabia opposite Jericho which is so called.
Araba [I]. As above, Aquila translated it level ground. Symmachus sometimes as a plain, someAraba [I] (Deut. 1:1). A.: Level, S.: Plain, Th.: in the west, and S. again: uninhabited land. times as uninhabitable, and Theodotion as west.
Ataroth [I], a former city of the Amorites that Astaroth [II] (Num. 32:34). The ancient city of
Eusebius Jerome the Amorites in Peraea, which fell to the lot of the later fell to the lot of the tribe of Gad. It was tribe of Gad. It is called Astaroth for the son of Salmo or Solomon, as in [I] Chronicles [2:54]. called Ataroth the son of Salma or Salomon, as is written in Chronicles.
Astaroth Sophar (Num. 32:35). Also a city of Ataroth Sofan. This is a city of the tribe of the same tribe of Gad.
Gad.
Arad (Num.
33: 40; 34: 4). A city of the Amorites lying alongside the desert called Kades
Arad, a city of the Amorites near the Cades desert, and until today a village is shown four
[I]. Even now there is a village at the fourth milestones from the town of Malathis, twenty from Chebron, in the tribe of Judah. milestone from Malaatha, 20 from Chebron. In the tribe of Judah.
Asemona (Num. 34: 4). A city in the desert away to the south of Judaea, adjoining the boundaries of Egypt and the way to the Sea.
Asemona, a city in the desert, in the south of Judaea, dividing Egypt and the lot of the tribe of Judah as far as it stretches to the sea. Above I also mentioned Asemona, a camp of the children
Tribe of Judah. Also a halt, above. of Israel.
Akrabbein (Num. 34:4). Eastern boundary of Judah, tribe of Judah. But it is now a very large
Acrabbi, the boundary of the province of Judaea eastward, in the tribe of Judah. There is village 9 milestones in the eastern direction from Neapolis on the way down to the Jordan as far as also a village, which is still large, nine miles from Neapolis eastwards on the way down through it to the Jordan and Jericho, which is called Acrabbitene. At the Amorite boundary it is
Jericho through what is called Akrabattine. The boundary of the Amorites is also called Akracalled Acrabbim, from which the tribe of Naphtali did not drive out the foreigners, as beim, from which the tribe of Naphtali did not drive out the other tribesmen, as in Judges [1:36]. written in the Book of Judges.
Asadada, the boundary of Judaea looking Asadada (Num. 34: 8). Boundary of Judaea northward. northward.
Arad, the very end of Judaea, twenty miles away from Chebron southward. See above.
Arad (Num. 34:4). Likewise the boundary of Judaea. It is 20 milestones away from Chebron to the south. As above.
Asarenam, the northern boundary of Judaea.
Asarenan (Num. 34:9). Northern boundary of Judaea.
Asernai, the actual end of Judaea.
Aserna (Num. 34:10). Likewise the boundary of Judaea.
Arbela [I] (Num. 34:11). Eastern boundary of Arbela [I], the end of Judaea looking eastwards. Indeed even today the village of Arbel is
Judaea. There is a certain village of Arbela [II] across the Jordan in the borders of Pella, a city of across the Jordan in the borders of Pella, a city of Palestine, and another of this name [Arbela III]
Palestine. Another Arbela [III] lies in the great in a very large plain, nine miles away from the plain, situated 9 milestones from Legio. town of Legio.
Aulon is not Greek, as some think, but a Hebrew word. It is the name of a very large
Aulon (Deut. 1:1). A large, long plain, Aulon still has this name. It is surrounded by mountains valley, a plain stretching an immense distance, which is surrounded on every side by mountains which alternately follow and connect with one on every side, stretching from Libanos even as far as the desert of Pharan. There are notable cities
in Aulon, Tiberias, and, on the same lake,
Jerome Eusebius another, which begin from Libanus and reach as Scythopolis, Jericho and the Dead Sea, and the country round about, through whose centre flows far as the desert of Faran. In Aulon itself, that is, the flat valley, there are the noble cities of the Jordan, issuing from the springs at Paneas and discharging into the Dead Sea.
Scythopolis, Tiberias and its lake beside it, and also Jericho, the Dead Sea and the regions round about. Through the middle of this the Jordan flows, rising from the spring of Paneas, and entering the Dead Sea.
Amalecitis, a region in the desert south of Judaea beyond the city of Petra on the way to Amalekitis. A region in the desert towards the south of Judaea, situated above what is now
Aila, which Scripture mentions saying: Amalek called the city of Petra, on the way to Aila. This dwells in the land to the south. Also beside it indeed Scripture indicates, saying: Amalek dwells there lived another Canaanite who also fought in the land towards the south. In their neighbourhood lived another Canaanite who made war on against the children of Israel in the desert: of whom it is written: Amalek and the Canaanite the children of Israel in the desert. To this dwell in the valley.
Scripture also bears witness, saying: Amalek and the Canaanites dwell in the valley.
Araba [I]. Aquila translates: flat land; Symmachus: plain, as said above. Farther on is another village called Araba [II], within the Araba [I] (Deut.
1: 7). A.: level, S.: plain.
Mentioned above. There is also a village called Araba [II] in the borders of Diocaesarea, and another [Araba III] at the third milestone west of borders of Diocaesarea, which once was called
Safforine, and another [Araba III] three miles Scythopolis. west of Scythopolis.
Amman, which is now Philadelphia, a noble Amman (Deut. 2: 19). Now Philadelphia, a city of Arabia, in which once there lived the notable city of Arabia. It was first inhabited by ancient people of the Rafaim, whom the sons of the Raphaein, an ancient people, whom the sons
Lot slew, and dwelt in Amman in their place. of Lot from Amman slew.
Argob. The country of the kingdom of Og of Basan beyond the Jordan, which fell to the lot of Argob (Deut. 3:4). Country of the kingdom of Og beyond the Jordan, which the tribe of Mathe half tribe of Manasseh. Even until today it is nasseh took. Even until today it is a village [Argob II] near the city of Gerasa in Arabia, about a village [Argob IT] near Gerasa, a city of Arabia, fifteen miles away from it to the west, which is
15 milestones away to the west, which is called called Arga. Symmachus translates it: measure.
Erga. Symmachus translates it: circumference.
Asedoth [I] (Deut. 3:17). City of the Amorites, Asedoth [I], a city of the Amorites, which fell to the lot of the tribe of Reuben. But it is called by the additional name of Asedoth Fasga, which that fell to the tribe of Reuben.
It is called Asedoth Phasgo, that is rock-hewn. in our language sounds like "cut-off."
Abarim, the mountain where Moses died. It is Abareim (Deut 32:49). The mountain where
Moses died. It is said to be Mount Nabau [I] which is in the land of Moab [I] opposite Jericho, beyond the Jordan on the ridge of Phasgo. On the way up from Libias to Esbos it is pointed out under that name near Mount Phogor [I], and is so also said to be Mount Nebau in the land of Moab
[I], opposite Jericho, beyond the Jordan on the ridge of Fasga. It is shown on the way up from Livias to Esbun from of old and today by this name near Mount Fogor retaining the original
— 9
Jerome Eusebius name, from which the region round about it even now is called Fasga. styled even now, whence the country is still called
Phasgo up to the present.
Auothiar, which is translated epauleis Tair.
Auoth laeir (Deut. 3: 14). The dwellings of This is Basan, in which there are sixty villages on Mount Galaad, which fell to the lot of the half
Iaeir. This is Basan. The villages of Iaeir are in the mountains of Galaad which fell to the half tribe of Manasseh, which is a place now called
Golan [I] in the land of Batanaea. tribe of Manasseh, and they are in what is called
_ the Gonia (of the region) of Batanaea.
From the Book of Joshua From Joshua the Son of Nun Antilibanus. The parts which are above Libanus that look east are called Antilibanus in Antilibanos (Josh.
1: 4). The parts beyond Libanos to the east toward the land of the the region of the city of Damascus, which fell to Damascenes. Tribe of Manasseh. the lot of the tribe of Manasseh.
Azeka (Josh. 10:10). City of the Canaanites, from which Joshua expelled the 5 kings. It fell to Azeca, a city of Canaanites in part of the tribe of Judah, whither Joshua pursued five kings.
Today indeed it is called the village of Azeca, between Eleutheropolis and Aelia. the tribe of Judah. It is still called Azeka, a village between Eleutheropolis and Aili.
Aialon [I], a rugged valley over which once, when Joshua prayed, the moon stood still near
Ailom (Josh. 10: 12). A ravine in which the moon stood still when Joshua prayed near the the village which is now called Aialon [II], village still called Aialon [II], lying at a distance opposite the east of Bethel, three miles away from it, not far from Gabaa [I] and Rama [I], of three milestones east of Baithel. It lies near
Gabaa [I] and Ramaa, cities of Saul. cities belonging to Saul. Further, the Hebrews assert that Aialon [III] is a village near Nicopolis two miles away as they go to Aelia.
Achor.
In Hebrew it is called Emecachor, which means tumultuous or disorderly valley, Achor (Josh. 7: 24, 26). Called the Valley of Achor, where they stoned Achor, convicted of because there Israel behaved tumultuously or in a robbery. It was called Achor for this reason. It disorderly way. Here they once stoned Achan who was condemned for robbery. It is north of lies in the north of Jericho [territory], and is still so called by the inhabitants.
Jericho, and even today it is called by that name by the inhabitants of that region. Hosea the Prophet mentions it.
Asedoth [II] (Josh. 10:40). This is another city Asedoth [II]. This is another city, not the one above, albeit it is called by the same name, which that Joshua besieged, killing its king.
Joshua once attacked, and killed its king.
Asor [I], a city of the Kingdom of Jabin, the Asor [I] (Josh. 11:1). City of the kingdom of
only one Joshua burnt, because it was the mother-city of the Philistines. Even today there
Jabin, the only one Joshua burnt, because it alone governed all the kingdoms of the tribes.
Even until today there is a village called Asor [I] is another village called Aser [I] in the borders of Askelon towards the east, which fell to the lot of (Josh.
15: 25) within the eastern borders of the tribe of Judah, which is also mentioned in Askalon, which fell to the tribe of Judah. The name is known as New Asor.
Scripture, calling it New Aser to distinguish it from the Old Aser.
Jerome Eusebius Aermon is a province of the Hivites, which Joshua took. A[quila] calls it a Hebrew village in Aermon (Josh. 11:3). Country of the Hivites.
Joshua took it.
I forget what explanation of the Scriptures, and says that Aermon is near Paneas, which was formerly owned by the Hivites and Amorites, from which now summer snow is brought down to give pleasure in Tyre.
Aalac, a mountain Aquila explains as a Mount Alak (Josh. 11:17). Aquila: dividing
"dividing mountain," and Symmachus as a "'light mountain," that is limpid or slippery. the mountains; S.: a plateau in the mountains. A.: mountain near Paneas.
Aermon (Josh.
11: 17). Mountain of the Aermon is the mountain of the Amorites, which is now the subject. The Phoenicians call it
Amorites which the Phoenicians call Sanior, and the Amorites call Sanir. They say Mount
Aermon is so called even until today, and that it Sanior, and the Amorites Sanir, and say that on its peak is a famous temple where the Gentiles is venerated as holy by the Gentiles, opposite
Paneas and Libanos. The boundaries of the worship, from the region of Paneas and Libanus.
Also the land of the children of Israel extends across the Jordan eastwards from the gorge of the Arnon to Mount Aermon. settlement of the children of Israel across the Jordan and eastwards were as far as Mount
Aermon from the gorge of the Arnon.
Anob, a city Joshua captured. And even up to today there is a village near Diospolis [I] about Anob (Josh.
11: 21). City which Joshua besieged, and which now is a village near four milestones to the east which is called Bet
Oannaba. Many say it lies eight milestones from Diospolis [I] at the fourth milestone to the east, which is called Betoannaba. there and is called Bethannabam.
Asdod, in the lot of the tribe of Judah, and now called Azotus, in which giants were left Asdod (Josh. 11: 22). Also Azotos. Enakim were captured in it. It is now a notable small town in Palestine. It was in the lot of the tribe of behind, who were called Enacim. And even up to today it is an important city of Palestine.
Judah.
Ader [I], a city Joshua besieged, and killed its Ader [I] (Josh.
12: 14). City that Joshua king. besieged, killing its king.
Afec [I]. This is a city Joshua besieged, the 2 dN Aphek [II] (Josh. 12:18). This is a city which Joshua besieged, cruelly killing its king. king being killed cruelly.
Acsaf. It is recorded how Joshua fought its Aksaph (Josh. 12:20). Joshua made war on its king, and today it is a small village called Chsalus king, and it is called the small village of Chsalous in the plains near Mount Thabor, 8 milestones from Diocaesarea. eight milestones from Diocaesarea at the foot of Mount Thabor in the plains.
Accaron is in the tribe of Dan—or, as I think, Akkaron (Josh. 13:3). Of the tribe of Dan, on the left of the Canaanites, a city of one of the five in the tribe of Judah, on the left of the satrapies of the foreign tribes, which was Canaanites. The city was one of the five satrapies of Palestine. It was indeed assigned to the tribe of Judah, but nevertheless not held by it, because it allocated to the tribe of Judah, but it did not rule over it because it did not kill the foreigners in it. And there is now a large Jewish village, called
Akkaron, in the eastern parts [of the country] between Azotos and Iamnia. could not expel the original inhabitants. Even until today there is a large village of Jews called
Accaron between Azotus and Iamnia, east of
Jerome Eusebius these. Some people think Accaron is Strato's Tower, later called Caesarea.
Azotus, above Asdod, even today no mean Azotos (Josh. 13:3). Also Asdod. A city which municipality in Palestine, and one of the five even until today remains in Palestine, which satrapies of the other tribes, allocated by lot to anciently was one of the five satrapies of the the tribe of Judah, but nevertheless not held by it foreign tribes. It was allocated to Judah, but it because in no way could it evict the original did not rule over it because they did not kill the inhabitants.
* Gentiles in it.
Ascalon is a noble city of Palestine, which in Askalon (Josh. 13:3). A most celebrated city in ancient times was one of the five satrapies of the Palestine. In ancient times it was one of the 5 other tribes, allocated by lot indeed to the tribe of Judah, but nevertheless not held by it because it satrapies, and allocated to Judah, but it did not rule over it, because it did not kill the foreigners could not conquer the inhabitants. in it.
Afeca [I] is the boundary of the Amorites Afeka (Josh.
13: 4). The boundary of the Amorites beyond the Jordan, which fell to the across the Jordan, in the lot of the tribe of Reuben. Even today there is a large fortress tribe of Reuben. Now there is a large village called Afeca [I] near Hippus, a city of Palestine. called Apheka near Hippe, a city of Palestine.
Agad lies at the foot of Mount Aermon.
Aemath [I], a city that fell to the lot of Reuben. Even now there is a village called Amathus across the Jordan twenty-one mileAlgad (Josh. 13:5). Under Mount Aermon.
Aimath (Josh. 13:5). A city in a deep valley, which fell to the tribe of Reuben. It is now called
Ammathous, a village in Lower Peraea, twentystones south of Pella. There is another village in one milestones southwards of Pella. There is the neighbourhood of Gadara called Ammatha, where hot springs erupt. It is written indeed in the another village of Emmatha near Gadara, where there are springs of hot water. In Kingdoms it is
Books of Kings: From the beginning of Aemath written: From the entry into Aimath [II] as far as to the sea of Araba, that is, desert, which is the Dead Sea. By research I found the town of Aemath [II] in Coele-Syria, which is now called
Epiphania in Greek. the Sea of Araba (2 Kgs. 14:25), that is, the Dead (Sea).
Ammon [I], across the Jordan in the tribe of Gad. This is Amman, which we mentioned above
Ammon [I] (Josh.
13: 10, 25). Above the
Jordan, a city of the tribe of Gad. The same is Amman and also Philadelphia, a famous city of as Filadelfia, a famous city of Arabia.
Arabia.
Addara [I], in the tribe of Judah beside the Addara [I] (Josh. 15:3), tribe of Judah right desert. There is also another village [Addara I]] beside the desert. There is also another village
[Addara II] within the borders of Diospolis [I] within the borders of Diospolis [I] around the near the region called Thamnitike from the region of Thamnia, which until today is so called from the village of Thamnia. village of Thamna [I].
Accarca, a village situated in the desert in the hands of the tribe of Judah, which Symmachus
Akarka (Josh. 15:3). S: the Pavement. It is a village lying in the desert. Tribe of Judah. translates: Pavement.
Achor, in the tribe of Judah, as stated above.
Achor (Josh.
15: 7). Tribe of Judah. Also mentioned above.
Adummin, formerly a little village, is now a Adommim (Josh. 15:7). Tribe of Judah. Now a Zi
Eusebius Jerome deserted village whose site is called Maledomnei, ruin in the lot of the tribe of Judah, which until on the way down to Jericho from Ailia, where today is a place called Maledomnus, and in Greek is called the anabasis purron. In Latin it there is a desert. can be called the Ascent of the Reds or the Blood-Stains, because of the blood that has been
~ shed there by thieves. For it is at the border of the tribe of Judah with Benjamin, on the way down to Jericho from Aelia, where also there is a military post situated to help travellers. The Lord is also recorded as mentioning it as a cruel and blood-stained place in a parable of the man going down to Jericho from Jerusalem.
Amami (Josh. 15:26). Tribe of Judah.
Aser [II] (Josh. 15:27). Tribe of Judah. Aser Amam, in the tribe of Judah.
Aser [II], in the tribe of Judah. It is called this [III] is now a very large village on the way down from Azotos to Askalon.
(Aser [III]), and is now a very large village on the way down to Ascalon from Azotus.
Asarsoual (Josh. 15:28). Tribe of Judah.
Ain (Josh. 15:32). Tribe of Judah, set aside for Asarsual, in the tribe of Judah.
Ain, in the tribe of Judah, a separate city for priests. It is now the village called Bethanin two priests. Even today there is a village called
Bethennim at the second milestone from Teremiles from Terebinthos [I], four miles from Chebron. binthus [I], that is, the tent of Abraham, four miles from Chebron.
Asthaol (Josh. 21:15). Tribe of Judah. It is now Asthaol, in the tribe of Judah. Even today the village called Astho between Azotos and Askalon. there is a small village called Astho remaining between Azotus and Ascalon.
Asna (Josh. 15:33). Tribe of Judah.
Adolam (Josh. 15:35). Tribe of Judah. Now it Asna, in the tribe of Judah.
Adollam, in the tribe of Judah. Even today a by no means small village is called by this name is a very large village about ten milestones to the east of Eleutheropolis. ten milestones east of Eleutheropolis.
Adiathain (Josh. 15:36). Tribe of Judah. It is Adithaim, in the lot of the tribe of Judah. It is said that there is a certain village of Adia near
Gaza, and another Aditha near Diospolis [I] in said there is also a village called Adia beside
Gaza, and another Aditha around Diospolis [I], the east. as if it looked east.
Adasa (Josh. 15:37). Tribe of Judah. It is now Adasa, in the tribe of Judah, until today a a village near Goufna. village near Gufna.
I wonder why he put the region of Gufna in the tribe of Judah, when it is clear that according to the second Book of Joshua it fell to the lot of the tribe of Ephraim.
Ather (Josh. 15:42). Tribe of Judah.
Asan [I] (Josh. 15:42). Tribe of Judah. It is now the village called Bethasan within the Ather, in the tribe of Judah.
Asan [I], in the tribe of Judah. Even today there is a village called Bethasan belonging to borders of Ailia, in the west, 15 milestones away.
Aelia, fifteen milestones away.
Asenna [I] (Josh. 15:43). Tribe of Judah.
Achzeib (Josh. 15:44). Tribe of Judah.
Asenna [I], in the tribe of Judah.
Agzif, in the tribe of Judah. ee
Eusebius Jerome Anab (Josh. 15:50). Tribe of Judah. It is now within the borders of Eleutheropolis. Anaia [I] is also a very large village of Jews so called in Daroma, nine milestones south of Chebron.
Anab, in the tribe of Judah, and even now a village within the borders of Eleutheropolis.
There is another large village of Jews called Anea [I] in Daroma near the southern part of Chebron, nine miles away.
Asthemo (Josh. 15:50). Tribe of Judah. It is the same as the village of Aneon in Daroma, in the Asthemoe, in the tribe of Judah, and it is indeed a village of Jews in Daroma north of the ' north. place (called) Anen.
Aneim (Josh. 15:50). Tribe of Judah. There is another Anaia [II] near the first, which now happens to be completely Christian, lying east of Anim, in the tribe of Judah. And there is a village of Anea [II] beside the other of which we spoke, looking eastwards, with inhabitants who the first. are all Christians.
Aphaka (Josh. 15:53). Tribe of Judah.
Amata (Josh. 15:54). Tribe of Judah.
Arebba (Josh. 15:60). Tribe of Judah.
Archiataroth (Josh. 16:2). City of the tribe of Joseph.
Afeca [II], in the tribe of Judah.
Ammata, in the tribe of Judah.
Arebba, in the tribe of Judah.
Ataroth [II], near Rama [I] in the tribe of Joseph.
Ataroth [III] (Josh. 16:5). Tribe of Ephraim.
Now it is the village of Atarouth about four miles away from Sebaste [I];in the north.
Ataroth [III], a city of the tribe of Ephraim.
Now the village four miles north of Sebaste [I] is called Atarus.
Adar, a city of the tribe of Ephraim.
Adar (Josh.
16: 5). A city of the tribe of Ephraim.
Aser [IV] (Josh. 17:10). City of the tribe of Manasseh. Now there is a village so called on the way down from Neapolis to Scythopolis, fifteen
Aser [IV], a city of the tribe of Manasseh.
Now it is a village fifteen milestones along the highway on the way down from Neapolis to milestones along the highway.
Scythopolis.
Ataroth [II] (Josh. 18:13). City of the lot of Benjamin. Even now there are two Ataroths near
Ataroth [II], a city of the tribe of Benjamin.
There are two places called Ataroth not far from Aelia.
Ailia.
Anathoth, a city of the lot of Benjamin, set Anathoth (Josh. 21: 18). City of the lot of Benjamin, set aside for priests, near Ailia, at around the third milestone. Jeremiah the Prophet came from there. aside for priests, at the third milestone from Aelia, from which Jeremiah the Prophet came.
Adar, a city of the lot of Benjamin.
Adar (Josh.
18: 13). City of the tribe of Benjamin.
Aelmon, a city of the tribe of Benjamin, set Ailmon (Josh. 21: 18). City of the lot of Benjamin, set aside for priests.
aside for priests.
Amekassis (Josh. 18:21). City of the lot of Amecassis, that is, the valley of Casis, in the tribe of Benjamin.
Benjamin.
Aueim (Josh. 18:23). Of the lot of Benjamin.
Avim, in the tribe of Benjamin.
Afra, in the tribe of Benjamin. Today it is a Aphra (Josh. 18:23). Of the lot of Benjamin.
Now there is a village of Aiphraim [I] near village in Ephraim five milestones east of Bethel.
Bethel, about five milestones to the east.
PS}
Jerome Eusebius Ammoenium, in the tribe of Benjamin.
Ammoenia (Josh.
18: 24). Of the lot of Benjamin.
Aphnei (Josh. 18:24). Of the lot of Benjamin.
Alph (Josh. 18:28?). Of the lot of Benjamin.
Arem (Josh. 18:28). Of the lot of Benjamin. It Afni, in the tribe of Benjamin.
(vacat) Arim, in the tribe of Benjamin. It is a village beside Diospolis [I] which is now called Betharif. is now a village near Diospolis [I] called Bethariph.
Amsa, in the tribe of Benjamin.
Asar, in the tribe of Simeon.
Asan [II], in the tribe of Simeon.
Amarchabob. In the tribe of Simeon.
Amsa (Josh. 18:26). Of the lot of Benjamin.
Asar (Josh. 19:3). Of the lot of Simeon.
Asan [II] (Josh. 19:3). Of the lot of Simeon.
Amarchabob (Josh.
19: 5). Of the lot of Simeon.
Ain. In the tribe of Judah or Simeon, a Ain (Josh. 19:7). Of the lot of Judah or Simeon, separated city for priests. a priestly city.
Asenna [II]. In the tribe of Simeon.
Ammathar. In the tribe of Zabulon.
Asenna [II] (Josh. 19:7). Of the lot of Simeon.
Ammathar (Josh.
19: 13). Of the lot of Zabulon.
Anua [I]. In the tribe of Zabulon. There is Anoua [I] (Josh. 19:13). Of the lot of Zabulon.
There is another village of Anoua [II] at the tenth milestone on the way from Neapolis to Ailia. another village of Anua [II] on the way from Neapolis to Aelia at the tenth milestone.
Anathon. In the tribe of Zabulon.
Achaseloth. A city of the tribe of Issachar.
Today the same is the name of the village of Chsalus in the plains near Mount Thabor eight
Anathon (Josh. 19:14). Of the lot of Zabulon.
Acheseloth (Josh. 19:18). A city in the lot of Issachar. This village is called Chsalous, in the plain near Mount Thabor, eight milestones east milestones east of Diocaesarea, as we have said of Diocaesarea. above.
Aefraim. A city of the tribe of Issachar. Today Aiphraim [II] (Josh. 19:19). A city of the lot of it is the village called Afarea six milestones north
Issachar. It is the village now called Aphraia, six of Legio. miles from Legio in the north.
Anereth. The lot of the tribe of Issachar.
Aemes. The lot of the tribe of Issachar.
Achsaf. In the tribe of Asher.
Alimelech. The lot of the tribe of Asher.
Amath II]. In the tribe of Asher.
Abdon. In the tribe of Asher, a separate city Anerth (Josh. 19:19). Of the lot of Issachar.
Aims (Josh. 19:20). Of the lot of Issachar.
Achsaph (Josh. 19:25). The lot of Asher.
Alimelech (Josh. 19:26). The lot of Asher.
Amod (Josh. 19:26). The lot of Asher.
Abdon (Josh. 19:28). The lot of Asher.
for Levites.
Aniel. In the tribe of Asher. There is a certain Aneiel (Josh. 19:27). The lot of Asher. It is the village by the name of Betoaenea fifteen miles from Caesarea [Philippi] situated on the eastern village of Baitoanaia, situated at a distance of fifteen milestones from Caesarea [Philippi], in the side of the mountain, at which they say there are eastern parts, lying in the mountains, where it is medicinal baths. said there are medicinal baths.
Achran. In the tribe of Asher.
Ammon [II]. In the tribe of Asher.
Accho. It is now called Ptolemais, of the lot of Achran (Josh. 19:28). A city of Asher.
Ammon [II] (Josh. 19:28). The lot of Asher.
Akcho (Josh. 19:30). Now Ptolemais. The lot
Eusebius Jerome of Asher, from which Asher did not expel the Asher, from which it was not able to expel the foreigners. original inhabitants.
Achzeiph (Josh. 19:29). The lot of Asher, from which it did not expel the foreigners. The same is
Ekdippa, nine milestones from Ptolemais on the way to Tyre.
Achzif.
In the tribe of Asher, in which foreigners remain. It is Ecdippa, nine milestones from Ptolemais on the way to Tyre.
Amma [I] (Josh. 19:30). The lot of Asher.
Aphek [I] (Josh. 19:30). The lot of Asher, from Amma [I]. The lot of Asher.
Afec [II]. The lot of Asher, in which the which it did not expel the other tribesmen. original inhabitants live.
Ademmei (Josh. 19:33). The lot of Naphthali.
Asedeim (Josh. 19:35). The lot of Naphthali.
Amath [I] (Josh. 19:35). The lot of Naphthali.
Adami (Josh. 19:36). The lot of Naphthali.
Asor [I] (Josh. 19:36). The lot of Naphthali. It Ademme. In the tribe of Naphthali.
Aseddim. In the tribe of Naphthali.
Amath [I]. In the tribe of Naphthali.
Adami. In the tribe of Naphthali.
Asor [I]. In the tribe of Naphthali, which, it is was laid waste by the King of the Assyrians. written, the King of the Assyrians laid waste.
Azanoth (Josh.
19: 34). The boundary of Naphthali. A village in the plain in the borders of Diocaesarea.
Azanoth is the boundary of Naphthali. Indeed it is now a village belonging to the plains in the region of Diocaesarea.
Ailon [I] (Josh. 19:43). A city of the lot of Dan, Ailon [I]. A city of the lot of Dan, separated set aside for Levites. The village is Alous, near for Levites. Today it is the village of Alus not far from Nicopolis. It is known that the translators
Nikopolis. The Seventy explain there are bears near Ailon. of the Septuagint explained it as '"Where-thereare-bears."'
From Judges From Judges
Arad (Judg. 1:16). A city where there lived the Arad. A city in which the sons of Jobab, the
sons of Jothor, the son of Jobab, father-in-law of father-in-law of Moses, lived in the midst of Israel.
Moses, in the middle of Israel.
Ared. A spring beside which Gideon laid out a camp.
Ared (Judg. 7: 1). A spring where Gedeon encamped.
Arisoth (Judg. 4:2). The city of Sisara, the Arisoth. The city of Sisera, prince of Iabis. But ruler of Iabis. Iabis is now a very large town on Iabis is now a very large village across the the other side of the Jordan. It is six milestones away from the city of Pella on the way to Gerasa.
Jordan, six miles away from the city of Pella on the way to Gerasa.
Ares [I] (Judg. 8:13). The ascent of Ares. A: a wood. S: mountains.
Ares. The ascent of Ares; Aquila interprets it as a pass, Symmachus as mountains.
Aroueir [I] (Judg. 11:33). There Jephtha made Aruir [I]. Where Jephtha fought a battle.
Today it is a village [Aruir II] situated in the mountain twenty milestones from Aelia to the war. And it is a village [Aroueir II] 6 miles from Ailia in the mountain to the north. north.
Arima (Judg. 9:41). There Abimelech dwelt.
Aialin (Judg. 12: 12). A city in the land of Zabulon, from which came Aialon, the judge of Arima. Scripture says Abimelech settled here.
Aialin, a city in the land of Zabulon, from which came Aialon who judged the children of Israel.
Israel.
25)
Jerome Eusebius Abel of the Vines. Where Jephtha fought a Abel of the Vineyards (Judg. 11:33). There
Jephtha fought. In the land of the sons of Ammon. Even until today there is a vine-growing battle, in the land of the children of Ammon.
Now up to the present day there is a village called Abela [I] seven milestones from Filadelfia planted village of Abela [I] 6 miles from Philadelphia.
And there is another famous city called Abela [II with vineyards. There is also another city called
"Abela [II =Arbela I] fertile for the grape twelve = Arbela I] the wine-bearing, at a distance of 12 milestones east of Gadara. There is yet a third
Abela [II] in Phoenicia between Damascus and milestones from Gadara towards the east. There is also a third Abela [III] in Phoenicia between Damascus and Paneas.
Paneas.
From the Books of Kings From Kingdoms Armathem Sofim. The city of Elcana and Samuel, in the region of Thamnica near Diospolis
Armathem Seipha (1 Sam.
1: 1). City of Elkana and Samuel. It is near Diospolis [I], from which came Joseph of Arimathaia in the Gospels.
[I]. Thence came the Joseph of Arimathaea who is mentioned in the Gospels.
Abenezer, which is translated the stone of Abenezer (1 Sam. 4:1). The stone of the helper.
The place whence the foreigners took the Ark of help, or the helpful stone. It is the place from which the Philistines took the Ark of the Covenant between Aelia and Ascalon near the the Covenant, between Ailia and Askalon, near the village of Bethsamus. village of Bethsamys.
Afesdomim. Where Saul gave battle, which Aquila translates as the borders of Dommim.
Aphesdomeim (1 Sam. 17:1). There Saul gave
battle. A: in the borders of Dommein.
Annegeb. Aquila translates it as south, Symmachus as mid-day.
Anegb (1 Sam. 20:41). A: south, S: mid-day.
Arith. Where David lived. There is a village Arith (1 Sam. 22:5). There David lived. It is the called Arath west of Aelia. village of Arath, in the west of Ailia.
Aialim. Aquila translated it deer, Theodotion Aialim (1 Kings 4:23). A: deer, Th: the stones the stones of deer. of deer.
Aendor which is in Jezrael. Where the Aendor in Jezrael (1 Sam. 29:1). There the children of Israel pitched camp to prepare for children of Israel encamped for war. Now it is the battle. Indeed it is today the large village of Aendor, near Mount Thabor, four miles to the south. very large village of Aendor near to Mount
Thabor, about four milestones away to the south.
Afec [II]. Near Aendor in Jezrael, where Saul Aphek [I] (1 Sam. 29: 1). Near Aendor in gave battle.
Jezrael, where battle took place with Saul.
Arma. Where David divided the spoils.
Arma (1 Sam. 30: 26?, 30). There David hid booty.
Athach. Here too David divided booty.
Athach (1 Sam. 30:26?, 30). There David hid booty.
Amma [II]. In the desert on the way to Amma [II] (2 Sam. 2:24). The desert road of Gabaon.
Gabaon.
Aethon Adasai. Symmachus translates it as Aeththan Adasai (2 Sam. 24:6). S: the lower the lower road. road.
Area Ornae. This is Jerusalem.
Halon Orna (2 Sam. 24:16). This is Jerusalem.
Eusebius Jerome Assour (1 Kgs. 9:15). A city in Judaea in which Solomon lived.
Assur. A city of Judaea, which Solomon built.
Abelmaelai (1 Kgs. 4:12). A city of one of Solomon's princes, from which Elisha came. It is now a village in Aulon, ten milestones from Abelmaula. A city of one of Solomon's princes, from which Elisha the Prophet came. It is now a village in Aulon, which we spoke of Scythopolis, and now called Bethmaela. There is above, ten miles from Scythopolis on the south also an Abelmea on the way from Neapolis to Scythopolis. side, called Bethmaula. A small village of Abelmea is mentioned between Neapolis and Scythopolis.
Auothiaeir (1 Kgs. 4: 13). A city of one of Solomon's princes.
Auothiair. A city of one of Solomon's princes.
Ailath (1 Kgs. 9: 26). On the banks of the outermost sea in the land of Edom. It lies above
Ailath. On the shore of the Red Sea in the land of Edom, as mentioned above.
Ailas.
Ailoth (2 Kgs. 14:22). Azarias built it.
Ainda (1 Kgs. 15:20). Asa ruined it.
Aeloth. This Azarias built.
Aenda. King Asa was its attacker and conqueror.
Asiongaber. Here Josaphat's fleet was de-
Asion Babai (1 Kgs. 22:49), also Asion Gaber.
Here Josaphat's ships were wrecked. The same is stroyed by the force of a gale. But it is said that said to be the Aisia near Aila on the Red Sea. this is the Essia not far from the Red Sea.
Alae, Abor, Gozan (2 Kgs. 17:6). Rivers in the Alle, Abor, Gozan. Names of rivers in the land land of the Medes in whose mountains Israel was of the Medes, to whose mountains Israel was taken captive. taken captive.
Abana. A river of Damascus.
Aofsithe or Afusoth. Aquila translates it Abena (2 Kgs. 5:12). A river of Damascus.
Aophsith (2 Kgs. 15: 5) or Aphousoth. A: liberty. freedom.
Aian (2 Kgs. 15:29). This is the place that the King of the Assyrians attacked.
Aian. The King of the Assyrians fought it.
Aia (2 Kgs. 17:24). Land of the Assyrians.
Aimath [II] (2 Kgs. 17: 24). Land of the Aia. A place in the region of the Assyrians.
Ameth. Region of the Assyrians.
Assyrians.
Asima. A town in the land of Judaea, which men who came from Emath [I] built.
Asimath (2 Kgs. 17:30). People from Aimath [II] built this in Judaea.
Arcem. Josephus calls this Petra, a noble city Arkem (1 Chron.
2: 43-44). According to Josephus [Antiquities 4: 161] this is Petra, a famous city of Palestine. of Palestine.
Adramelech. An idol of the Assyrians that the Samaritans also worship.
Adramelech (2 Kgs. 17:31). An idol of the Assyrians, and likewise Anemelech, who were gods of the Samaritans.
Aroniim. The name of a road in Isaiah's vision Aronieim (Isa.
15: 5). A road. Isaiah. A:
Oronaim; S: Aranneim. In the vision against the against Moab [I], which Aquila calls Oronaim and Symmachus Orannim.
Moabites.
Agallim. This Isaiah also mentions in the Agalleim (Isa. 15: 8). Isaiah in the vision against the Moabites. Now it is the village of vision against Moab [I]. It is now Aegalim, a Z/
Jerome Eusebius village south of Areopolis, eight miles away from Aigalleim eight milestones south of Areopolis. it.
Aelim [II]. A well of Dimon. This place also is mentioned in the same vision of Isaiah.
Aileim (Isa. 15:8). A well of Deimmon. Isaiah in the vision against the Moabites.
Ariel. This also Isaiah mentions. Aquila and 'Symmachus translate it as the Lion of God.
Arina (Isa. 15:9), also Ariel. A, S: the lion of God. This is said to be Areopolis because from People think indeed that it is Areopolis, because that time even up to the present those who live in even now they worship an idol, Ariel, there, apo
Areopolis call their idol Ariel, from the worship tou Areos, that is, after Mars. Because of this they of Ares [I], after whom they named the city. hold the said city in esteem. It seems to me that the meaning and the text of the prophecy of Ariel signify an allegory there of Jerusalem or of the Temple, that is, the Lion of God, which was a strong and powerful kingdom. This is discussed more fully in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
Adama [II]. In Isaiah. Aquila and Symmachus Adama [II] (Isa. 15:9). A., S: underground;
translated it soil, Theodotion land.
Th.: of the earth.
Ager fullonis. This is written in Isaiah. Even now it is pointed out in the Jerusalem suburbs.
Agros tou Gnapheos (Isa. 7:3). [Field] of the fuller. In Isaiah. The place is pointed out even now in the Jerusalem suburbs.
Asedec. Here Isaiah the Prophet foretells the Asedek (Isa. 19:18). [vacat] future in Egypt. It is known that in Hebrew this name is written as Aares, which some translate as "in the sun," others as "brick," thinking that it means either Heliopolis or Ostracine. You can find much more debate about this matter at greater length in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
Arfad. A city of Damascus which the King of Arphad (Isa. 36:19; 37:13). A city of Damascus which the King of the Assyrians attacked. In the Assyrians attacked, as is written in Isaiah and Jeremiah and the Books of Kings.
Isaiah, Jeremiah and Kingdoms.
Aneugaua. This Isaiah mentions.
Aquila Anaeougaua (Isa. 37: 13). In Isaiah. A: Ane and Gaua. S.: he begged and abased himself. In Kingdoms (2 Kings 18:34). translates it Ane and gaua, if it is allowable to take the syllable u, which is placed in the middle of the name, as the conjunction and Symmachus proposed this and wrote it down. We read about this in the Books of Kings also.
Armenia (Isa. 37:38). Isaiah. Ararat. Sarasa.
Armenia. In Isaiah, which is Ararat.
Asael. This Zechariah the Prophet mentions.
Asel (Zech. 14:5). Zechariah mentions it.
Anameel (Zech. 14:5). A tower in Jerusalem.
Anameel. A tower in Jerusalem, as is written in the Book of Zechariah.
In Zechariah.
Assaremoth. In Jeremiah. In Hebrew this is Asademoth (Jer. 31:40). In Jeremiah. Hebrew: written as Sademoth, which Aquila translates as of Sademoth. A.: suburbs. suburban.
Eusebius Jerome Aenioth (Jer. 37: 16). In Jeremiah. A.: workshops.
Aenioth.
In Jeremiah. Aquila takes it as workshops or taverns.
Aloth (Jer. 48: 5). In Jeremiah. In Hebew:
Louith.
Alaoth. In Jeremiah. In Hebrew it is read as Luith.
Aitham [I] (Jer. 49:19). In Jeremiah. A.: firm; Aethan. In Jeremiah. Aquila translates it as S.: ancient. strong, Symmachus as ancient.
From the Gospels From the Gospels Aceldama. The field of Blood. Today it is shown in Aelia on the south side of Mount Sion.
Akeldama (Matt. 27:8). Field of Blood. In the Gospels. It is pointed out even until today in Ailia in the north of Mount Sion.
Ainon (John 3:23). Near Saleim, where John
Aenon. Near Salim, where John was baptising, baptised, as in the Gospel of John. And the site is pointed out even until today 8 milestones south as is mentioned in St. John's Gospel. It is now shown as a place eight milestones from Scythoof Scythopolis near Saleim and the Jordan. polis to the south between Salim and the Jordan.
Jerome Eusebius From Genesis From Genesis ~ Babel, also Babylon, means "confusion." But Babel (Gen. 11:9), Babylon. It is translated
"confusion." It was a city of the kingdom of the it was a city of the Kingdom of Nimrod, in which those who built the tower were divided into giant Nimrod, where the tongues of people who different languages, of whom Josephus says
Nimrod was the ruler. Producing the Greek Sibyl planned the tower were confused, whose ruler,
Josephus says, was Nimrod. The same man cites as witness to his history, "the place," he says,
"where they built the tower is now called Babylon on account of the confusion of speech the Greek Sibyl as evidence for the history of the tower, writing thus: ""The place where they built the tower is now called Babylon because of the confusion of the former language.
For the Hebrews call confusion Babel" (Ant.
1: 115— of those who built the tower with all zeal; and the Hebrews call the confusion Babel.'' Concerning the tower and the diversity of languages the Sibyl
119). The Sibyl mentions the tower and the also writes as follows: differences of people's language, writing as When all mortals used one tongue, some of them follows: built a very high tower, wishing to climb to heaven
When all people spoke alike, some of them built a thereby: so the gods sent hurricanes and winds to very high tower, so as to climb up to heaven. The gods sent winds and blew the tower down, and gave overturn the tower, and assigned to each of them a different language, whence it befell that the city is each one a different language. Because of this they called Babylon. came to call the city Babylon (Ant. 1:120-1).
Baithel (Gen. 12: 8). Now it is a village 12 milestones away from Ailia on the way to Bethel is a village twelve milestones from Aelia on the right on the way to Neapolis. It was first called Luza [I], that is, amugdalon, "almond." It
Neapolis, on the right. It was originally called Oulammaous and Louza [I]. It fell to the tribe of Benjamin. Near Bethaun and Gai [I]. Joshua also fell to the lot of the tribe of Benjamin. Near
Bethaun and Gai [I]. Joshua attacked it and killed the king. Further, those who follow an attacked it, killing its king. error of the writings of the Greeks and think that anciently it was called Ulammaus, err greatly.
For they have muddled the Hebrew word and at
the same time the name of the little city. For " that is, proteron, while Luza is amugdalon, "almond," and has this meaning: but it was called Bethel before it was
Ulam means "before, Luza. Nor indeed do they realise that Bethaun 1s another town. The Hebrews think the same to be
Bethel, and that from the time that golden calves were made there by Jeroboam the son of Nabat, and were adored by the ten tribes, it was called
Bethaun, that is, the house of the idols, whereas previously it was called the house of God. We
Eusebius Jerome have spoken at length about this in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
Bala (Gen. 14:2). This is Sigor, now called Zoora, the only one of the cities of the Sodomites
Bala, that is, Segor. Now it is called Zoar, the only one of the five cities saved by the prayers of to be saved. Even now it is still inhabited, lying
Lot. It is close to the Dead Sea, and a garrison of Roman soldiers is stationed there, manned by its own inhabitants. Balsam and dates are grown beside the Dead Sea, and there is a garrison of soldiers there. And balsam and date-palms grow
' there, evidence of the ancient prosperity of the there, a proof of ancient fruitfulness. But nothing places. suggests that Segor is called by the same name as Zoara, when the same name is of one smaller or lesser; but it is called Segor in Hebrew, and Zoara in Syriac. Bala means swallowed up; but we have spoken at length about this in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
Balanos penthous [the oak of grief] (Gen. 35:
Balanus [I], that is "oak of lamentation," under which the nurse of Rebecca is buried.
8). They buried the remains of Rebecca's nurse under it.
Barad (Gen. 16: 14). The Well of Agar is Barad. Between Cades and Barad the Well of Agar is shown today. pointed out even until today between Kades [I] and Barad.
Bethleem [II] (Gen. 35: 19). Of the tribe of Bethlehem [I]. The city of David in the lot of Judah. Six miles away from Ailia on the southern the tribe of Judah, in which our Lord and Saviour was born, six miles from Aelia to the side, on the Chebron road, where the tomb of Jesse and David is pointed out. Bethlehem is also south, beside the road which leads to Chebron, where also the tomb of Jesse and David is shown.
About a thousand paces away is the tower of Ader [II], which means the tower of the flock, meaning where in prophecy the shepherds became aware of the nativity of the Lord. Near the same Bethlehem [I] is shown the tomb of [Herod] called the son of Ephratha [I], as in Chronicles [1
Chron 4:4].
Archelaus, the former King of Judaea, which is at the beginning of the fork from the public highway to our cells. Bethlehem is also called the son of Efratha [I], that is, of Mary, as is stated fully in the Book of Chronicles. Read history diligently!
From Exodus From Exodus Beelsefor. A camp in the desert of the children Beelsephon (Ex. 14:2). A halt of the children of Israel coming out of Egypt, near the Red Sea. of Israel coming out of Egypt by the desert, along the beach beside the Red Sea.
From Numbers and Deuteronomy From Numbers and Deuteronomy Baneiacan. A desert camp of the journey of Baneiakan (Num. 33: 31-2.). A halt in the the children of Israel. desert of the journey of the people.
Jerome Eusebius Bamoth. A city of Amorites across the Jordan Bamoth (Num. 21: 19, 20). A city of the in Arnon, which the children of Reuben owned.
Amorites across the Jordan in Arnon, which the sons of Reuben took [Josh. 13:17].
Basan. About it is written: "Og, the King of Basan (Num. 21:33). Og, King of Basan, the Basan." But this Machathi called Auoth Tair, place Machathi called Auoth Iaeir [Num. 32:41], which the tribe of Manasseh took, lying in Galaad. The same is Basanitis, now called that is, epauleis Jair. It fell to the lot of the half tribe of Manasseh in the land of Galaad: that is
Basanitis, which is now called Batanaea.
Batanaea.
Beelfegor, which means the Image of Shame.
There is an idol of Moab [I] by the name of Baal Beelphogor (Num. 25:3). It is translated the image of shame. It is the idol of Moab [I], which on top of Mount Fogor, which the Latins call is Baal on Mount Fogor.
Priapus. And this is discussed more fully in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
Baean, a city of the Amorites, which also is Baian (Num. 32:3). A city of the Amorites.
And the sons of Reuben took it. held by the children of Reuben.
Bethamnaram, across the Jordan, which the Bethnamran (Num.
32: 36). Beyond the tribe of Gad built. And today it is the village of Bethnamaris five milestones from Livias to the Jordan. The tribe of Gad built it. And it is now the village of Bethnambris about 5 milestones north. from Libias, in the north.
Betharran, across the Jordan, which the tribe Betharran (Num. 32:36). Beyond the Jordan, which the tribe of Gad built. of Gad built.
Beelmeon, across the Jordan, which the Beelmeon (Num. 32:38). Beyond the Jordan, which the sons of Reuben built. It is a very large children of Reuben built. It is even today a large
village near Baaru in Arabia, where hot water village near Baarou with hot waters called Beelmaous of Arabia, situated 9 milestones from
springs spontaneously from the earth, called Esbos. The prophet Elisha came from there.
Beelmaus, nine miles away from Esbus, whence Elisha the Prophet came.
Baal [I], across the Jordan, a city of the Baal [I] (Num. 32:38). Beyond Jordan, a city children of Reuben. of the sons of Reuben.
Buthan. A camp of the children of Israel in the Bouthan (Num. 33:6). A halt of the children of desert, which is also called Aetham.
Israel in the desert. It is also Aitham [II].
Bela. The eastern boundary of Judaea, about which we have spoken above by the name of Arbela [I].
Bela (Num. 34:11). The eastern boundary of Judaea. It is Arbela [I] as above.
Bosor [I]. In the desert across the Jordan, Bosor [I] (Deut. 4:43). In the desert beyond the Jordan. Of the tribe of Reuben, away to the east which fell to the tribe of Reuben. East of Jericho, it is a city of priests and a [city of] refuge. This is of Jericho, a priestly city of refuge. The same is
Bostra [I], now the mother-city of Arabia. There Bostra [I], the mother-city of Arabia. There is also another Bosor [II], the city of Esau in the is now also another Bosor [II], the city of Esau in the mountains of Idumaea, which Isaiah menmountains of Idumaea, which Isaiah mentions, saying: Who is this who comes from Edom? In dyed garments from Bosor [II]? tions, saying: Who is this who is coming from Edom, wearing a scarlet cloak from Bosor [II]?
Beroth of the sons of Jacim. A place in the Beroth of the sons of Jakeim (Deut. 10:6). A desert where Aaron died. It is pointed out even place in the desert where Aaron died. It is pointed a2
Eusebius Jerome out 10 milestones from the city of Petra at the top up to today ten milestones from the city of Petra of the mountain. in the mountain chasm.
From Joshua From the Book of Joshua Bounos Akrobustion [of the Foreskins] (Josh.
Bunos, that is a hill, of Foreskins. It is a place 5: 3). A place in Galgal [I] at which Joshua in Galgal [I] where Joshua circumcised the people circumcised the people, at the second milestone of Israel at the second milestone from Jericho.
Up to the present they show the stones which from Jericho, where even now the stones which were brought from the Jordan are shown.
Scripture recalls were brought thither from the Jordan.
Bethoron (Josh.
10: 10). Thither Joshua pursued the kings. It fell to the sons of Joseph, Bethoron, to which Joshua followed the enemy kings. It fell to the lot of the sons of Joseph, that that is, Ephraim. And there are two villages about twelve miles from Ailia on the road to is Ephraim. But there are two hamlets about two miles from Aelia for those going down from Nicopolis. One is called Upper Bethoron, which Solomon built, and the other Lower Bethoron, which was given into the possession of the Nikopolis. One is called Upper Bethoron, where
Solomon lived, which is set aside for Levites.
Levites.
Barne. This is the actual Cadesbarne, in the Barne (Josh. 10:41). This is Kades Barne, in desert that stretches up to the city of Petra. the desert that stretches as far as the city of Petra.
Baalgad is a city in the foothills of Libanus at Baalgad (Josh. 11:17). A city in the foothills of
the foot of Mount Aermon, which Joshua also Libanos, below Mount Aermon, which Joshua took. also took.
Bethfogor. A city of the sons of Reuben across Bethphogor (Josh. 13:20). Across the Jordan, the Jordan beside Mount Fogor, opposite Jera city of the children of Reuben, near the mountains of Phogor, opposite Jericho, six miles above Libias. icho, six miles above Livias.
Bethsimuth. This is the house or place of Bethasimouth (Josh.
12: 3). The place of Isimuth.
It is also even today the village of Isimouth. It is even now the village of Isimouth
Isimuth opposite Jericho ten miles away from it opposite Jericho, lying 10 miles away south towards the Dead Sea. on the south side beside the Dead Sea.
Beeroth. Below the hill of Gabaon. Today the Beroth (Josh. 9:17; 18:25). Below Gabaon. It is now a village near Ailia 7 milestones away on the way to Nikopolis. village is shown to those going down from Aelia to Neapolis at the seventh milestone.
Bothnim. A city of the tribe of Gad across the Botnia (Josh. 13:26), also Poteein. Beyond the Jordan, called by the same name even today.
Jordan, a city of the tribe of Gad. Even today it is pointed out in the same area.
Betharam. A city of the tribe of Gad beside Betharam (Josh. 13:27). A city of the tribe of the Jordan, which the Syrians call Bethramtha and which Herod named Livias in honour of Gad, near the Jordan, Bethramphtha for the Assyrians. The same is now called Libias.
Augustus.
Bethnemra (Josh. 13:27). Beyond the Jordan, Bethnemra. A city of the tribe of Gad near
Livias across the Jordan. a city of the tribe of Gad, near Libias.
Bethagla. In the tribe of Judah. There is a Bethagla (Josh. 15:6). Of the tribe of Judah. A oD
Jerome Eusebius village on the way to Gaza ten milestones from village 10 milestones from Eleutheropolis on the way to Gaza, called Agla. There is another Bethaglaim 8 milestones away, by the sea.
Eleutheropolis, which is called Agla. There is another Bethagla-by-the-sea eight milestones from Gaza.
Betharaba. In the tribe of Judah.
Betharaba (Josh. 15:6). Of the tribe of Judah.
Baal [II] (Josh. 15:9). This is Kariathiareim, ~ Baal [II]. This is Cariathiarim, that is, "the village of trees," or, as some think, "the city of the city of Iareim, of the tribe of Judah. There is a Jarim," in the tribe of Judah. Even today it is the village of Kariathiareim on the way down to village of Cariathiarim on the way down from Diospolis [I], about 10 milestones from Ailia.
Aelia to Diospolis [I] at the tenth milestone.
Baala. In the tribe of Judah.
Baala (Josh. 15:11), also Bala. Of the tribe of Judah.
Baloth. In the tribe of Judah.
Baloth (Josh. 15:24). Of the tribe of Judah.
Bethphalei (Josh. 15:27), also Bethelei. Of the Bethfali. In the tribe of Judah. tribe of Judah. ad Bersabee. In the tribe of Judah or Simeon,
Bersabee (Josh. 15:28; 19:2). Of the tribe of Judah and Simeon, it is now a very large village
even today it is a large village twenty milestones from Chebron turning to the south, in which a 20 milestones away from Chebron southwards, where a garrison is stationed. The Judaean garrison of Roman soldiers is stationed. From here the boundaries of the land of Judaea stretch boundaries begin here, and stretch as far as Dan, near Paneas. They translate Bersabee as the as far as Dan, which is to be seen near Paneas.
For indeed Bersabee means the well of oathwell of the oath from the covenant of Abraham and Isaac with Abimelech. Nor should it disturb anyone that the same cities ascribed to Judah are taking, because there Abraham and Isaac swore a treaty to be allies with Abimelech. Nor should it disturb anyone if sometimes one finds the same also found in Simeon and Benjamin. For indeed cities of Judah in the tribe of Simeon or Benjamin. For the tribe of Judah, powerful, with the tribe of Judah took the lead in the wars, and likewise the acquisition of the land was the result the most warlike men, and repeatedly overcoming enemies, held the overlordship in all of its work and the division of the lots given to the other tribes. Scripture witnesses clearly that Simeon dwelt in the middle of the tribe of Judah. ascribed to that connection. Moreover, Scripture teaches clearly that Simeon dwelt in the middle of the tribe of Judah.
Balam. In the tribe of Judah.
Bascath. In the tribe of Judah.
Bethdagon [I]. In the tribe of Judah. Even today a large village of Caferdago is pointed out between Diospolis [I] and Iamnia.
Balaam (Josh. 15:29). Of the tribe of Judah.
Baskoth (Josh. 15:39). Of the tribe of Judah.
Bethdagon [I] (Josh. 15:41). Of the tribe of Judah.
It is now the very large village of Keparadagon between Diospolis [I] and Iamnia.
Bethaloth. In the tribe of Judah.
Bethaffu. In the tribe of Judah. It is a village Bethaloth (Josh. 15:59). Of the tribe of Judah.
Bethaphou (Josh.
15: 53). Of the tribe of fourteen miles across from Rafia on the way to Judah. A village 14 milestones on the other side
Egypt, which is the boundary of Palestine. of Raphia on the way to Egypt, and also the boundary of Palestine.
Betharaba (Josh. 15:61). S.: in the places near Betharaba.
Symmachus translated it as:
'places near to uninhabited land," that is, desert. uninhabited land.
Jerome Eusebius Beesthara (Josh. 21: 27). Of the tribe of Manasseh, separate for Levites, in Basanitis.
Beesthara.
In the tribe of Manasseh, a separate [city] for Levites in the region of Basanitis.
Bethaun. In the tribe of Benjamin between Gai Bethaun (Josh.
18: 12). Of the tribe of Benjamin, near Gai [I] and Bethel, opposite Machmas.
[I] and Bethel opposite Machmas, but nevertheless many think it is Bethel, as said above.
Baliloth. In the tribe of Benjamin.
Baliloth (Josh.
18: 17). Of the tribe of * Benjamin.
Bethsur [I]. In the tribe of Judah or Benjamin.
Today it is Bethsoro, a village on the way from
Bethsour [I] (Josh. 15:58). Of the tribe of Judah or Benjamin.
It is now the village of Bethsoro 20 milestones from Ailia on the way to Chebron. A spring is also shown there beside the mountain where, it is said, the eunuch of Kandake was baptised by Philip. There is also another Bethsour [II] in the tribe of Judah [one
Aelia to Chebron at the twentieth milestone, near which a spring bubbles out from the foothills of the mountains, in which it rises and is absorbed by the earth. The Acts of the Apostles mentions that the eunuch of Queen Candace was baptised in it by Philip. There is another village of Bethsur milestone from Eleutheropolis].
[II] in the tribe of Judah a thousand paces away from Eleutheropolis.
Boon. In the tribe of Benjamin.
Bethalon. In the tribe of Benjamin, which Symmachus translates as: in the plains.
Boon (Josh. 18:17). Of the tribe of Benjamin.
Bethalon (Josh.
18: 19). Of the tribe of Benjamin. S.: in the plain.
Bethalla. In the tribe of Benjamin.
Bethagla (Josh. 18: 19, 21). Of the tribe of Benjamin.
Beroth. In the tribe of Benjamin.
Bola. In the tribe of Simeon.
Bathul. In the tribe of Simeon.
Beroth (Josh. 18:25). Of the tribe of Benjamin.
Bola (Josh. 19:3). Of the tribe of Simeon.
Bathoul (Josh. 19:4). Of the tribe of Simeon.
Beth (Josh. 19:5). Of the tribe of Simeon.
Baaleth (Josh. 19:8). Of the tribe of Simeon.
Berammoth (Josh.
19: 8). Of the tribe of Beth. In the tribe of Simeon.
Baaleth. In the tribe of Simeon.
Berammoth. In the tribe of Simeon.
Simeon.
Bethlabaoth. In the tribe of Simeon.
Bethlabaoth (Josh.
19: 6). Of the tribe of Simeon.
Bethleem [I]. In the tribe of Zabulon, as Bethleem [I] (Josh. 19: 15). Of the tribe of distinct from the other Bethleem [II] that is called
Zabulon. There is another [Bethleem IH] in Judah. of Judaea.
Bethfases. In the tribe of Issachar.
Bethphasis (Josh.
19: 21). Of the tribe of Issachar.
Batnae. In the tribe of Asher. Now the village Batnai (Josh. 19:25). Of the tribe of Asher.
Now the village is called Bethbeten at the eighth milestone eastwards of Ptolemais. is called Bethbeten, at the eighth milestone east of Ptolemais.
Bethdagon [II]. A place where the two tribes Bethdagon [II] (Josh.
19: 27). It adjoins Zabulon, in the lot of Issachar. of Zabulon and Issachar have their boundaries.
Bethemec. Symmachus calls it the place of the Bethaemek (Josh. 19: 27). S.: valley. Lot of valley. It is of the lot of Asher.
Asher.
Jerome Eusebius Bethana. In the tribe of Naphthali. It is a Bethanatha (Josh. 19:38). Tribe of Naphthali. village called Batanaea fifteen milestones from It is a village, Batanaia, 15 milestones from Caesarea [Philippi], in which there are said to be
Caesarea [Philippi], in which there are said to be medicinal baths, as we have mentioned above medicinal baths. It is mentioned above as Anaia under the heading of Anea [III].
[IIT].
~ Bane. In the tribe of Dan.
Bane (Josh. 19:45). Of the tribe of Dan.
Barakai (Josh. 19:45). Of the tribe of Dan.
Even until today there is a village of Barka near
Barac. In the tribe of Dan. Even today there is a village called Bareca near Azotus.
Azotos.
From the Book of Judges From the Book of Judges Bezec. A city of King Adonibezec. Today there
Bezek (Judg. 1:4). City of Adonibezek. Now are two neighbouring villages called Bezec there are two villages of Bezek close to one seventeen milestones from Neapolis on the way down to Scythopolis. another 17 milestones away from Neapolis on the way to Scythopolis.
Bethsan. The tribe of Manasseh could not Bethsan (Judg. 1:27). The tribe of Manasseh expel the original inhabitants from this town.
Now it is called Scythopolis, a noble city of did not expel the foreigners from it. This is
Scythopolis, a notable city of Palestine. Scripture Palestine, which Scripture sometimes calls "the House of San," which means "enemy" in our also calls it "the house of San," that is, "the house of the enemy." language.
Bethsames [I] (Judg. 1:33). A priestly city of Bethsames [I]. A priestly city in the tribe of Benjamin, which until today is pointed out on the way from Eleutheropolis, ten milestones east of the tribe of Benjamin, and even now it is 10 milestones from Eleutheropolis eastwards to Nicopolis.
Nikopolis.
Bethnath. In the lot of the tribe of Naphthali.
Nor could the tribe of Naphthali expel the Bathma (Judg. 1: 33). The lot of Naphthali.
Nor did it expel the foreigners. original cultivators.
Bethsames [II]. In the tribe of Naphthali, in Bethsames [II] ((Judg. 1:33). Another. Tribe of Naphthali. Nor did it expel the foreigners. which indeed the original cultivators remain.
Baalermon. A mountain near Libanus on the borders of the other tribes.
Baalermon (Judg.
3: 3). A mountain near Libanos, the boundary for the foreigners.
Baaleth. In the tribe of Dan.
Bethbera. It means the "House of Water," or Baleth (Josh. 19:44). The lot of Dan.
Bethbera (Judg. 7: 24). A well that Gideon took. a well, which Gideon seized on a warlike raid.
Bethasetta. Where Midian turned its back.
Balanus [II], that is, the Oak, of the Sicimi, where Abimelech was king. It is pointed out even today in the suburbs of Neapolis near Joseph's tomb.
Bethasetta (Judg. 7:22). Here Midian fled.
Balanos Sikimon (Judg.
9: 6). Abimelech ruled here. It is pointed out at Joseph's tomb in the suburbs of Neapolis.
Borconni.
Aquila: thorns; Symmachus: a Borkonneim (Judg. 8:7, 16). A.: blackthorns.
S.: threshing sledge. threshing-sledge.
Bera [I] (Judg. 9:21). Here Jotham dwelt when Bera [I]. Where Jotham dwelt when he fled from Abimelech. The village of Bera [II] is eight he fled from Abimelech. The village Bera [II] is 8
Eusebius Jerome milestones from Eleutheropolis in the northern miles north from Eleutheropolis. parts.
Baalthamar (Judg. 20: 33). Near Gaba [I], where the children of Israel drew up in battle
Baalthamar. Near Gaba [I], where the chilD7
dren of Israel had a battle against the tribe of Benjamin. Even today there is a village called
Beththamari in the places mentioned above. order for war against the tribe of Benjamin. Until
| today it is called Beththamar in these parts.
From Kingdoms From the Books of Kings Bethchur. To this place the children of Israel
Bethchor (1 Sam. 7: 11f.). There the people pursued the foreigners, and it is called the Stone followed the fleeing foreigners when they fled,
| calling it the Stone of Help.
Bama (1 Sam. 9: 12). There Saul ate with | Bama. Where Saul was to be anointed king when Samuel ate with him. Further, Aquila of Help.
Samuel, when he was about to anoint him king.
Aquila translates Bama as "'in the heavens." translates Bama as "'above the heavens."
Boses (1 Sam. 14:4). The name of a rock.
Boses. The name of the rock, of which we have | spoken in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
Basor (1 Sam. 30:9). A torrent to which David came.
Besor. A torrent to which David came.
Borasan. The place where David parted the Borasan (1 Sam. 30:30). Here David parted booty. the booty.
Baurim. The place to which the husband of Baoureim (2 Sam.
3: 16). Here Michal's husband followed her.
Saul's daughter Michal followed [her] in tears.
Baalasor. Near Ephraim, where Absalom Baalasor (2 Sam.
13: 23). Beside Ephraim, where Absalom sheared [sheep]. sheared the flocks.
Bethmacha. As far as here Joab was followed Bethmacha (2 Sam. 20:14). [vacat] by the traitor Sheba, and afterwards we read that he was taken prisoner by the King of the Assyrians. It is eight milestones from Eleutheropolis on the way to Aelia, a village now called
Machamim.
Machameim.
Balth (1 Kgs. 9:18). A city Solomon built.
Balaath. A city Solomon built.
Bethsarisa.
From here a man came with gifts Baithsarisa (2 Kgs. 4:42). Whence a man came to the prophet Elisha.
It is a village on the to Elisha. It is in the borders of Diospolis [I] 15 | | outskirts of Diospolis [I] about fifteen miles away milestones from Thamnitica towards the north.
_ from it in the region of Thamnia.
Baithaggan (2 Kgs. 9:27). The way Ahaziah | Bethagan. A road along which we read that Ochozia fled. fled.
Bazecath. An ancient city of Judaea.
Basekath (2 Kgs. 22:1). An ancient city of Judaea.
Bethcath. A village of Samaria to which Jehu King of Israel came, which is situated in a very broad plain not more than fifteen miles distant from the town of Legio. For this reason Aquila
Baithakath (2 Kgs.
10: 12). Whence Jehu came. It is a village of Samaria, fifteen miles | away from Legio in the great plain. A.: the house | a
of the archer; S.: the house of the single men. translates it '""The House of Archers," and af
Jerome Eusebius Symmachus "'the House of Single Men," because the entrance is so narrow and low that it allows no more than a single person to enter, and that not upright.
_ Baenith. Samaritans who had crossed over from the region of Babylon built it.
Baithanne (2 Kgs. 17:30), also Bainith. The Samaritans from Babylon built it.
Byblus. A city of the Phoenicians, which Bublos (Ezek. 27:9). A city of Phoenicia, in Ezekiel mentions, which in Hebrew is called Ezekiel; which in Hebrew is '""Gobel."
"Gobel."
Bubastus. A city of Egypt according to Boubastos (Ezek. 30:17). A city of Egypt in Ezekiel.
Ezekiel.
Boz. In the land of Cedar, as Jeremiah writes.
Boz (Jer. 25: 23). In the land of Kedar. In Jeremiah.
Bel. An idol of the Babylonians.
Bel (Jer. 50:2). An idol of Babylon.
From the Gospels From the Gospels Bethsaida [I]. A city in Galilee, of Andrew, Bethsaida [I] (Matt. 11:21). City of Andrew,
Peter and Philip the Apostles, near the Lake of Peter and Philip. It lies in Galilee right beside the Genesareth.
Lake of Gennesareth.
Bethfage. A little village on the Mount of Bethphage (Matt. 21: 1). A village on the Mount of Olives to which the Lord Jesus came.
Olives to which the Lord Jesus came.
Bethania. A village at the second milestone Bethania (Matt. 21:17). A village at the second from Aelia on the side of the Mount of Olives, where the Saviour raised Lazarus. His tomb is shown there, and a church has now been built milestone from Ailia, on the flank of the Mount of Olives, where Christ raised Lazarus. Lazarus' place is still shown there. there?
Bethabara. Across the Jordan, where John Bethaabara (John 1: 28). Where John was baptised unto repentance, whence even today baptizing, across the Jordan. The place is shown in which also many of the brethren even now are very many of the brethren, that is, of the number of believers, desire to be born again there and are eager to take a bath. baptised in the life-giving torrent.
Bethsaida [II]. A bathing-pool in Jerusalem which is called Probatica, and which can be
Bezatha (John 5: 2). A bathing-pool in Jerusalem which is called the Probatiké, and formerly had five porticos. Now in the same translated cattle-dip. Formerly it had five porticos, and twin pools are to be seen there. One of them is filled by the winter rains, the other place are shown twin pools, of which one is filled by the winter rains; in the other the water appears reddens somewhat remarkably as if the waters to have become red in an extraordinary way, a were stained with ancient blood and shows works and miracles. They say that the customary sign, they say, that in former times the priests purified themselves there. Because of this it is sacrifices used to be washed there by the priests, whence it got its name. called Probatiké, on account of the sacrifices.
Eusebius Jerome From Genesis
From Genesis
Gaion (Gen. 2:13). For the Egyptians the Nile, Geon. The river the Egyptians call the Nile, which rises in Paradise and flows all round ' rising from Paradise, and circling all Ethiopia.
Ethiopia.
Gomorra (Gen. 10:19). One of the five cities of Sodom destroyed at the same time as the rest.
Gomorra. One of the five cities of the Sodomites, which suffered divine vengeance like the rest.
Gerara (Gen. 20: 1). From it the Geraritic Gerara. From this the region of Geraritica region takes its name. It lies beyond Daroma, 25 across the Daroma is called now, twenty-five milestones from Eleutheropolis to the north.
Formerly it was the southern boundary of the Canaanites, and a royal city of the Philistines. It miles south of Eleutheropolis. Formerly it was the southern boundary of the Canaanites and the mother-city of Palestine. Scripture mentions it lies, as Scripture says, between Kades and Sour, between Cades and Sur, that is, between the two two deserts, one adjoining Egypt. To this the people came when they passed through the Red deserts, one of which adjoins Egypt. To this the people came when they crossed the Red Sea; the Sea; that of Kades [I] stretches to the desert of the other desert, indeed, of Cades stretches as far as Saracens. the desert of the Saracens.
Galaad (Gen. 31:21). A mountain to which Jacob came when he fled from Laban, taking
Galaad. The mountain to which Jacob fled on the seventh day of his journey from Carrae. It is seven days from Charran in Mesopotamia. It lies at the back of Phoenicia and Arabia, and joined to the hills of Libanus, and extends across the at the back of Phoenicia and Arabia, and adjoins
Libanos, and extends through the desert as far as desert to where once Seon, King of the Amorites, lived across the Jordan. The said mountain fell to Petra across the Jordan, where Seon the Amorite the lot of Reuben and Gad and half the tribe of Manasseh. As Jeremiah says: ""Galaad, you are lived. It fell to the lot of the children of Reuben and Gad and half the tribe of Manasseh. In Jeremiah it says: ""Galaad (= Gilead), you are the beginning of Libanos for me" (22: 6). There is the beginning of Libanus for me." From this mountain was chosen a name for a city founded
here, which Galaad (= Gilead) the son of Machir also the city of Galaad, with the same name as the son of Manasseh took from the Amorites. the mountain lying above it, which Galaad (=Gilead) son of Machir the son of Manasseh took from the Amorites.
Gader [I] (Gen. 35:21). A tower where Jacob Gader. A tower where Jacob lived, and where
Reuben violated his father's marriage-bed. It is lived, and Reuben rose against Ballas. written in Hebrew without the letter G.
Gethaim. In Hebrew it is written Auith, the Gethem (Gen. 36:35), in Hebrew Aueith. The city of Adad, who was the fourth to reign over city of Adad, who was the fourth to rule in the the land of Idumaea, which is now called land of Edom in Idumaea, now called Gebalene.
Gebalene.
Gesem. A region of Egypt, where Jacob lived Gesem (Gen. 45:10). A country in Egypt where with his children.
Jacob dwelt, and with his children. a0
Jerome Eusebius From Numbers and Deuteronomy From Numbers and Deuteronomy Gasiongaber. A camp of the children of Israel
Gasion Gaber (Num. 33:35). A halt in the in the desert, as it is written in the Book of desert of the children of Israel, as in Numbers; in Deuteronomy, the city of Esau. They say it is
Numbers. Farther on, in Deuteronomy, is the city of Esau, which they think is now called Essia,
Asia near the Red Sea and Aila. beside the Red Sea and Aila.
Gai [II]. A camp of the children of Israel in the Gai [II] (Num. 33:44). A halt in the desert of desert. Even today the city of Gaia of Palestine is mentioned near the city of Petra. the children of Israel, and there is still now Gaia, lying near the city of Petra.
Gelmon Deblathaim (Num. 33:46). A camp, Gelmon Deblathaeim (Num. 33:46). A halt in that is, a halt, of the children of Israel in the the desert. desert.
Gadgad. A mountain in the desert, where the Gadgad (Num. 33: 23). A mountain in the children of Israel marked out a camp. desert, a halt of the children of Israel.
Gaza. A city of the Hivites, where CappadoGaza (Deut. 2:23). A city of the Hivites, in which Cappadocians lived who had come from cians lived when the original inhabitants had been killed. Among the ancients it was the boundary of the Canaanites with Egypt, and fell the Hivite country. Long ago it was the boundary of the Canaanites right beside Egypt. It was set to the lot of the tribe of Judah. It could not hold apart for the tribe of Judah, but it did not rule it, on to it because the Enacim, that is, the giants, nor did it expel the foreign tribesmen. It remains the foreign tribesmen, remained very strong.
Even today it is an important city in Palestine. until today a famous city of Palestine.
It is questioned how in a certain prophecy Gaza is said to be an everlasting tomb in the future. It is answered thus: the site of the ancient city scarcely shows traces of its foundations as it fell down, but what is now to be seen elsewhere was built in its place.
Gergasi. A city across the Jordan adjoining Mount Galaad, which the tribe of Manasseh
Gergasei (Deut. 7:1). A city of Galaad lying beyond Jordan which the tribe of Manasseh
held. Now it is called Gerasa, an important city took.
The same is said to be Gerasa, an important city of Arabia. Some say it is Gadara.
The Gospel mentions the Gerasenes. of Arabia. Some people think it is Gadara, but the Gospel mentions the Gergasenes.
Gadgada. There are torrents of water. It is a Gadgada (Deut. 10:7). There are torrents of place in the desert. water, a place in the desert.
Gaulon or Golam [= Golan I]. In the tribe of Manasseh, a city for priests and of refuge in the Gaulon (Deut. 4:43) or Golan [II]. Of the tribe of Manasseh, a priestly city for fugitives in region of Basanitis. Even now Gaulon is the name of a large village in Batanaea, from which Basanitis. Now a very large village in Batanaia is called Gaulon. The region is called the same as the region takes its name. the village.
Gebal. A mountain in the land of the covenant where an altar was built at Moses' command.
Near Jericho there are two neighbouring mounGaibal (Deut.
11: 29). A mountain in the Promised Land where Moses ordered an altar to be built. It is said that there are two mountains tains facing one another, one called Garizin, the near Jericho facing one another close together,
40)
Eusebius Jerome one of which is Garizein, the other Gaibal. The Samaritans point out others lying near Neapolis, other Gebal. Later the Samaritans think that those two mountains are near Neapolis, but they but in error; because they are too far from one err greatly: for they are too distant from one another, so that it is not possible to hear speech another, nor could the voices pronouncing the from one to the other. blessings or curses hear one another, as Scripture records.
Garizein (Deut. 11: 29).
A mountain where Garizin. The mountain on which those stood who pronounced curses beside the aforesaid Mount Gebal. they stood pronouncing blessings near Gaibal aforesaid.
Golgol (Deut. 11:30). Also Galgal [I]. Scripture Golgol, which also is Galgal [I], beside which teaches that it is near Mounts Garizein and are the mountains written Garizin and Gebal.
Gaibal. Galgala is a place near Jericho.
But Galgal [I] is a place near Jericho. Therefore the Samaritans are in error in wishing to point out the Mounts Garizin and Gebal beside Neapolis, whereas Scripture attests that they are beside Galgal [I].
Gai [IT] (in the land of Moab [I]) (Deut. 34:6).
The valley of Moab. Near the house of Fogor, where Moses is buried.
Gai [III]. In Moab. It is translated as the valley of Moab, beside Fogor, where Moses is buried.
From Joshua From the Book of Joshua Galgala (Josh. 4:19). This is the same as the Galgala. This is where above we situated
Golgol, on the east side of ancient Jericho this Golgol mentioned above, east of ancient Jericho, this side of the Jordan, where Joshua circumcised
side of the Jordan, where Joshua circumcised the the people and celebrated the Passover, and first people for the second occasion and celebrated the
took bread when the manna failed, and placed Passover, and, when the manna failed, Israel used wheat bread. In the same place there stand the the stones from the Jordan there. Here the Tabernacle of Witness first stood. It fell to the stones which they brought from the bed of the lot of the tribe of Judah. The desert place, at about the second milestone from Jericho, subject
Jordan. There also the tabernacle of the testimony was kept for a long time. It fell to the lot of the tribe of Judah. Until today it is shown as a to the Gentiles, is shown as holy to divine desert place at the second milestone from Jericho, worship. Likewise there is another Galgal [II] to which a wonderful devotion is paid by the very near Baithel. people of that region. Near Bethel there is also another place some people call Galgal [II].
Gai [I]. It is between Bethaun and Bethel, and Gai [I] (Josh. 7:2). This is near Bethaun and was attacked by Joshua, and its king slain.
Formerly the Amorite lived in it on this side of Baithel, which Joshua besieged, and killed its king. It is now desert. Formerly the Amorites of this side of the Jordan lived here.
Jordan; now it is desert, but the site is still shown.
Gabaon. From here the Gabaonite envoys came to Joshua. Once it was the metropolis and Gabaon (Josh. 9:3ff.). From here the Gabaonite envoys came to Joshua. This was the great royal city of the Hivites, and it fell to the lot of royal capital of the Hivites, which fell to the lot of Benjamin. Now there is a village called by this the tribe of Benjamin. Now a village of the same name is shown four milestones from Bethel on name near Baithel, about 4 milestones west. It
Jerome Eusebius the western side near Rama [I] and Remmon [I], lies near Rama [I], and is set aside for the Levites where Solomon, after offering sacrifices, was near Remmaa.
Solomon sacrificed there in vouchsafed a divine oracle. It was also a separate honour of the oracle. city for Levites.
_Gabe [I]. The lot of Benjamin. This is a separate city for Levites.
Gaibe (Josh.
18: 24; [21: 9]). The lot of Benjamin. It is set aside for Levites.
Gazer [I]. In the lot of the tribe of Ephraim. A Gazer [I] (Josh. 10:33). The lot of Ephraim, set separate city for Levites, which Joshua attacked, aside for Levites. And Joshua beseiged it, killing killing its king. Afterwards it was built by Solomon. Now it is a village called Gazara four its king. Solomon also built here. It is now called
Gazara, a village of Nikopolis 4 milestones from
milestones from Nicopolis to the north. Neverit in the north. The tribe of Ephraim did not expel theless it is known that Ephraim could not expel the foreigners from it. the foreigners from it.
Goson. Joshua attacked it.
Geth. Here there remain giants called Enacim and Philistine inhabitants. The village is shown
Goson (Josh. 10:41). And this Joshua besieged.
Geth (Josh. 11:22). In this were left behind the foreign Enakim and the Philistines who were not five milestones from Eleutheropolis for those utterly destroyed. Even until today it is a village going to Diospolis [I]. not far from Eleutheropolis near Diospolis [I], near the fifth milestone from Eleutheropolis.
Gesom. A city of foreigners, which is also Gargasi in Basanitis, from which the sons of Gesoureim (Josh. 12:5). A city of foreigners.
The same is Gargasei in Basanitis, from which Israel could not expel the Gesuri. the children of Israel did not expel the Gesourei.
Gader [II]. Joshua killed its king. We read:
Gader [II] (Josh. 12:13). Joshua attacked the Jacob will set up his tent across the tower of king. Jacob set up his tent by the tower of Gader.
Gader.
Goim. In Gelgel, which Aquila and SymmaGoein of Gelgel (Josh. 12:23). A., S.: of the chus translate as the people in Gelgel. people of Gelgel.
Gelgel. This Joshua took. Now a village by the name of Galgulis is shown six milestones north of Gelgel (Josh.
12: 23). Joshua took it. It is indeed now a village called Galgoulis, around the Antipatris. sixth milestone from Antipatris, in the northern parts.
Golathmaim. A place which is translated as Golathmaeim (Josh. 15:19). A place. TransPossession of Water. lated: Possession of Water.
Gadda [I]. In the tribe of Judah. Today it is a Gadda [I] (Josh. 15:27). Tribe of Judah. Even village at the extreme boundaries of Daroma to until today it is a village in the borders of Daroma to the east, beside the Dead Sea. the east, bordering the Dead Sea.
Gadera. In the tribe of Judah. Now it is the name of a village belonging to the region of the Gadeira (Josh. 15:36). Tribe of Judah. Gidora is now a village in the borders of Ailia near the city of Aelia called Gadora-near-the-Terebinth.
Terebinth.
Gedur. In the tribe of Judah. Today it is called Gedrus, a very large village ten milestones from Gedour (Josh. 15:58). Tribe of Judah. Now it is Gedrous, a very large village 10 milestones away from Diospolis [I] on the way to EleutherDiospolis [I] on the way to Eleutheropolis. opolis.
Gabli. A land of the foreign tribes.
Gabli (Josh. 13:5). Land of foreign tribes.
Eusebius Jerome Gison (Josh. 15:51). Tribe of Judah.
Gelon (Josh. 15:51). Tribe of Judah.
Gaderoth (Josh. 15:41). Tribe of Judah.
Gethremmon [I] (Josh. 21: 24). Tribe of Manasseh, a city set apart for Levites.
Gison. In the tribe of Judah.
Gelon. In the tribe of Judah.
Gaderoth. In the tribe of Judah.
Gethremmon [I]. In the tribe of Manasseh, a separate city for Levites.
Gai [IV] (Josh. 18:16). A valley.
Gaiennoum (Josh. 18:16). It is translated 'the
Gai [IV]. A valley or ravine.
Geennom. It means "the valley of Ennom."
From this some think it was called Geennam. It
Valley of Ennoum." They also say it is the Geenna. The lot of the tribe of Benjamin. It lies fell to the lot of the tribe of Benjamin, beside the alongside the wall of Jerusalem to the east. wall of Jerusalem against the east. About this there is full discussion in the Books of Hebrew
Questions.
Geththepher (Josh. 19: 13). The lot of Zabulon.
Geephthael (Josh. 19:14). Valley of Ephthael, Geththefer. In the tribe of Zabulon.
Geefthael. That is, the valley of Efthael, in the the lot of Zabulon. tribe of Zabulon.
Gabathon [I]. In the tribe of Dan, a separate Gabathon [I] (Josh. 19:44). The lot of Dan, set city for Levites. There is also a town called Gabe apart for Levites. It is a small town called Gabe
[II] sixteen milestones from Caesarea [Philippi], and another village of Gabatha [I] on the borders
[II] about 16 milestones from Caesarea [Philippi], and another village of Gabatha [I] in the borders of Diocaesarea near the great plain of Legio, and of Diocaesarea lying in the great plain of Legio.
There is also a village of Gabaa [II] and a Gabatha [II] to the east of Daroma. There is another Gabathon [IJ] of the other tribes in the Book of Kingdoms (Josh. 21:24). not less both Gabaa [II] and Gabatha [II], villages to the east of Daroma, and also another
Gabatha [III] in the tribe of Benjamin, where Saul's house was. Likewise a certain Gabatha [II] is recorded in the Books of Kings, near Bethlehem [I] in the tribe of Judah.
Gethremmon [II]. Another city in the tribe of Dan, separate for Levites. It is now a very large
Gethremmon [II], another (Josh. 19:45). The lot of Dan, set apart for Levites. Now it is a very village twelve milestones from Diospolis [I] on large village 12 milestones from Diospolis [I] on the way from Eleutheropolis. the way to Eleutheropolis.
Galiloth. A place across the Jordan in the tribe Galeiloth (Josh. 22:10). A place across Jordan, where the sons of Reuben built an altar. Tribe of of Benjamin, where the sons of Reuben erected an altar to the Lord.
Benjamin.
Gaas. A mountain in the tribe of Ephraim, where Joshua the son of Nun is buried on the Gaas (Josh. 24:33).
A mountain in Ephraim, where Joshua is buried on the north part. Even northern side. Until today his famous tomb is shown near the village of Thamna [I]. until today the famous tomb is shown near the village of Thamna [I].
Gabaath. In the tribe of Benjamin, the city of Gabaas (Josh.
24: 33). A mountain of Ephraim, the city of Phineas, son of Eleazar, where they buried Eleazar. Even until today it is
Phineas the son of Eleazar, where Eleazar is buried. There is now a village of Gabatha [II] at the twelfth milestone from Eleutheropolis where the village of Gabatha [II] about 12 milestones from Eleutheropolis, where also the tomb of the Prophet Habakkuk is shown. It was of the tribe the tomb of the Prophet Habakkuk is displayed. of Benjamin.
Jerome Eusebius Gabaam. Up to here they fought against the Gabaan (Josh. 21:17). Benjamin fought it until tribe of Benjamin, as is written in the Book of now, as in Judges.
Judges.
From the Books of Kings From Kingdoms Geththa. The place to which they carried the Ark of the Covenant from Azotus. Now it is a Geththa [=Geth] (1 Sam. 5: 8). There they brought the Ark from Azotos. Now it is a very
large village called Giththam between Antipatris and Iamnia. Another [village] is called Geththim. large village called Giththam, halfway along the route from Antipatris to Iamnia. There is also another Geththeim [= Gethem].
Gallim. Whence came Palti, who took Michal Gallei (1 Sam. 25:44). Whence was Palti who to wife after the flight of David. Isaiah also mentions this place. There is said to be a certain took Michal, the wife of David.
Isaiah also mentions it. It is said there is a village near Akkaron called Gallaia. village near Accaron which is called Gallaa.
Gelamsur. Region of the other tribes.
Gelamsour (1 Sam. 27:8). Country of foreign tribes.
Gelbue. Mountains belonging to foreigners at Gelboue (1 Sam. 28: 4). Mountains of the the sixth milestone from Scythopolis, in which foreign tribesmen, situated 6 milestones from there is a large village called Gelbus.
Scythopolis, in which there is a village called Gelbous.
Gedud. David went down to it. Aquila Geddour (1 Sam. 30:8). Here David settled. A.: translates as dispatched or girt up, Symmachus girt up; S.: band. as a gang of thieves.
Gazera. Where David struck the foreigners.
We put it above Gazer [II].
Gazera (2 Sam. 2:24). Here David struck the foreign tribesmen. Above it is Gazer [II].
Gesur. A region of foreigners in Syria.
Gessour (2 Sam. 15:8). A country of foreign tribesmen in Syria.
Gilon. Where came Ahithophel.
Gob. Where battle was engaged in.
Galilaea. There are two Galilaeas, one called Gilon (2 Sam. 15:12). Where Ahithophel came.
Gob (2 Sam. 21:19). Where battle was joined.
Galilaia (1 Kings 9: 11). There are two Galilaias, one called Galilaia (=Galilee) of the Galilaea of the Gentiles, near the borders of Tyre, where Solomon gave twenty cities to Gentiles, lying along the borders of Tyre, where
Solomon gave Hiram twenty cities, in the lot of Naphthali, and the other is around Tiberias and around the lake nearby, in the lot of Zabulon.
Hiram, King of Tyre, in the lot of the tribe of Naphthali; the other Galilee is around Tiberias and the Lake of Genesareth in the tribe of Zabulon.
Geion (1 Kgs.
1: 38). Here Solomon was Gion. Where Solomon was anointed king. anointed.
Ger (2 Kgs. 9:27). Here Jehu attacked Ahaziah Ger. The place where Jehu, King of Israel, struck Ahaziah, King of Judah, near Ieblaam. near Ieblaam.
Geththachofer. Whence came Jonah the Geththachopher (2 Kgs. 14:25). Whence was Prophet. the Prophet Jonah.
Gaddei (2 Kgs. 12: 18). Hazael defeated it.
Gaddi [I]. Hazael, King of Damascus, defeated
Eusebius Jerome There is also another Gadda [II] mentioned above. it. There is cited above Gadda [II].
Gemela (2 Kgs. 14:7). The land of Edom. A. and S.: the Valley of Salt.
Gemela. In the land of the Idumaeans, which Aquila and Symmachus translate as the pillar of salt.
Gebein (Isa. 10:31). Isaiah mentions it. Now it Gebin. Isaiah mentions it. It is the village of Geba five milestones from Gufne on the way to
7D is the village of Geba 5 milestones from Gouphnon on the way to Neapolis.
Neapolis.
Gozan. In the region of Emath [I]. Isaiah mentions it. It is within the borders of Damascus.
Gozan (Isa. 37:12). In the land of Emath [I].
Isaiah mentions it. It is near Damascus.
Gareb (Jer. 31:39). A hill near Jerusalem. In Gareb. A hill near Jerusalem, as Jeremiah Jeremiah. records.
Gebarth.
Aquila translates it as in the Gebaroth (Jer. 41:17). A.: in defences; S.: in defences, Symmachus as in the colonies: read sojourns. In Jeremiah.
Jeremiah.
Gaimod (Isa. 16:6). Land of Moab. In Isaiah.
Gemen or Gamon. A region of the Moabites in Isaiah.
Gefa. The name of a region, as is written in Gaipha (Isa. 60:6). A country. In Isaiah.
Isaiah.
From the Gospels From the Gospels Gadara (Matt.
8: 28). A city beyond the Jordan, opposite Scythopolis and Tiberias, in Gadara. A city across the Jordan opposite
Scythopolis and Tiberias on the eastern side, the east in the mountains, where hot spring baths situated in a mountain, in whose foothills hot springs well up, with baths built above. lie in the foothills.
Gergesa. Where the Saviour restored those Gergesa (Matt. 5:1). There the Lord healed possessed by demons to health. Today too a the demoniacs. Now a village is pointed out small village is shown on the mountain beside the beside Lake Tiberias, into which the swine rushed down headlong. See above.
Lake of Tiberias, into which the swine fell headlong. We spoke of this above.
Gethsemani. The place where the Saviour prayed before the Passion. It is at the foot of the Mount of Olives where now a church has been
Gethsimane (Matt. 26: 36). A place where Christ prayed before the Passion. It is right by the Mount of Olives, in which even now the faithful built. are zealous in offering prayers.
Golgotha. The place of Calvary, in which the Golgotha (Matt. 27: 33). Place of the Skull,
Saviour was crucified for the salvation of all.
Even today it is pointed out in Aelia north of Mount Sion. where Christ was crucified, which is indeed pointed out in Ailia by the northern parts of Mount Sion.
Jerome Eusebius From Genesis From Genesis Dasem. A noble city of the Assyrians, which Ashur built between Nineveh [I] and Chalach.
Dasem (Gen. 10:12). A very large city of the Assyrians, where Ashur dwelt between Nineveh
[I] and Chalach.
Drys [I], that is, the Oak of Mambre near Chebron, which up to the time of my childhood and of the reign of King Constantine was shown
Drus Mambre (Gen.
13: 18). A terebinth shown even now in Chebron, where Abraham's
tent was, which Gentiles also worship. as a terebinth of great age, showing its years by its size, under which Abraham lived.
It is inhabited by Gentiles with a remarkable cult and as it were consecrated by the famous name.
Damascus. A noble city of the Phoenicians. It Damascus (Gen. 15:2). A famous Phoenician is called by the same name also as Masec, the son city. It is named from Masek, son of Abraham's of a handmaid of Abraham. Further on I have handmaid. disputed the hidden meaning of Masec in the Books of Hebrew Questions; and to this extent I am discharged from explanations, not because I proved Masec named for Abraham's handmaid.
Dan. A village four miles from Paneas for Dan (Gen. 14:14). A village of this name four those going to Tyre which is called this even milestones from Panias on the road to Tyre, which is the boundary of Judaea, and where the Jordan rises. today. It is the boundary of the Province of Judaea to the north, where the River Jordan rises and gives a name to the place. Ior or Rheithron, that is, river, or stream, the Hebrews call it.
Dannaba [I]. The city of Balak the son of Danaba [I] (Gen. 36:32). The city of Balak,
Beor, King of Edom, after whom Job reigned— son of Beor, King of Edom, after whom Job albeit to me it seems a long time. Even today reigned. There is now a village of Dannea eight there is a village of Dannaia eight miles from Areopolis for those going to Arnon, and another
Dannaba [II] on Mount Fogor seven miles from milestones [from Areopolis for those going to the Arnon, and another Danaba [IJ] on Mount Phogor] seven miles from Esbos.
Esbus.
Dothaim. Where Joseph found his brothers Dothaeim (Gen. 37:17). Here Joseph found his feeding sheep. It is to be seen even today twelve brothers feeding sheep. It remains within the miles from Sebaste [I] on the north side. borders of Sebaste [I], and is at a distance of 12 milestones from this [city], in the northern parts.
From Numbers and Deuteronomy From Numbers and Deuteronomy Debon, also Dibon. A camp in the desert of the Daibon (Num. 21:26ff., 30) or Dibon. A halt in children of Israel. There is another Dibon, a very the desert of the children of Israel. There is also large village beside the Arnon, which first still now another exceedingly large village near
Eusebius Jerome Arnon, which formerly belonged to the children belonged to the sons of Moab [I], and afterwards
Sihon, King of the Amorites, had it by right of of Moab [I], and then the children of Israel took conquest; it was taken by the children of Israel, and came to be owned in the part of the tribe of it from Sihon the Amorite, and it fell to the tribe of Gad. Isaiah mentions it in the vision against Moab [I], and also Jeremiah.
Gad. Jeremiah mentions it, and Isaiah in the vision against Moab [lI].
Debongad. A camp of the children of Israel.
Daibongad (Num.
33: 45). A halt of the children of Israel.
Dusmas Moab (Num. 22: Iff.). Across the Jordan by Jericho, where Balak, King of Moab
Dusmas Moab, that is, to the west of Moab.
Across the Jordan, by Jericho, where Balak, King of Moab [I], and the elders born to Midian [I]
[I], and the elders of Midian ambushed Israel, [and] where Moses wrote Deuteronomy. deceived Israel with ambushes, and where Moses wrote Deuteronomy.
From the Book of Joshua From Joshua Dabira [I]. A city in the tribe of Dan, whose
Dabeira [I] (Josh. 10: 38). Joshua smote its king Joshua killed. There is also another small king. It fell to the tribe of Dan. Now there is another village [Dabeira II] of Jews on Mount village of Jews [Dabira II] in the Mount Thabor region belonging to Diocaesarea.
Thabor, in the borders of Diocaesarea.
Dor Nafeth. Symmachus translates as Dor Maritima. This is Dora nine milestones from Caesarea [Maritima] in Palestine on the way to Dor of Nafath (Josh. 11:2). S.: Dor-by-theSea. The same is the Dor near Caesarea [Maritima] in Palestine 9 milestones from Tyre,
Tyre, now deserted. When it fell to the lot of the now deserted, which the tribe of Manasseh did tribe of Manasseh, it could not hold it, because not take because they could not expel the foreign the original inhabitants stayed there. tribesmen.
Dabir [I]. In the tribe of Judah, which was Dabeir [I] (Josh. 11:21). Tribe of Judah, called called the City of Letters. Gothoniel, brother of the City of Letters. Gothoniel, the brother of Caleb, occupied it, after the Enacim in it had
Caleb, or a son of one of the brothers of Caleb, been killed.
It was also set aside for priests. killed the Enakim in it. It fell to the priests.
Moreover, some think Gothoniel was the son of Caleb's brother.
Dabir [II]. Across the Jordan, a city of the Dabeir [II] (Josh. 13:26). Across the Jordan. A Amorites. city of the Amorites.
Dimona. In the tribe of Judah.
Dadan [I]. In the tribe of Judah.
Denna. In the tribe of Judah. It is the same as Deimona (Josh. 15:22). Tribe of Judah.
Dalaan (Josh. 15:38).
Denna (Josh. 15:49). Tribe of Judah. It is the Dabir [I], the City of Letters.
City of Letters.
Davia or David. In the tribe of Judah.
Duma. In the tribe of Judah, a large village in Daroma, that is, on the south, in the borders of David (Josh. 15:49). Tribe of Judah.
Douma (Josh. 15:52). Tribe of Judah, a very large village now in Daroma, in the borders of Eleutheropolis, seventeen miles distant from it.
Eleutheropolis, about 17 milestones away.
Damna. In the tribe of Zabulon, a separated Damna (Josh. 19:13). Tribe of Zabulon, a city city for Levites. set apart for Levites.
Dasbath. In the tribe of Zabulon.
Dabasthe (Josh. 19:11). Tribe of Zabulon.
Jerome Eusebius Dabrath. In the tribe of Issachar, a separate Dabrath (Josh. 19:20). Tribe of Issachar, a city city for Levites. set apart for Levites.
From the Book of Judges From Judges
Drys [II], that is, Oak-tree. In Efratha [II] in Drus (Judg. 6:11). In Ephratha [II]. In the lot the tribe of Manasseh, from which Gideon came. of Manasseh, whence came Gideon.
What we have thought about it we have said in the Book of Hebrew Questions. It is indeed a question whether Efratha [II] is now in the tribe of Manasseh.
From the Books of Kings From Kingdoms Dibon. We spoke of it above; Isaiah mentioned
Deibon (Isa. 15:2). Isaiah mentions it in the it in his vision against Moab [I]. vision against the Moabites.
Deseth (Isa. 16:7). A.: house-wall; S.: city-wall.
Deseth. Aquila translates house-wall, Symmachus city-wall.
Dodanim. Isaiah writes of it in his vision of Dodaneim (Isa. 21:13). Isaiah in the vision of Arabia. It is near Areopolis.
Arabia. It is near Areopolis.
Darom.
Ezekiel mentions it; Symmachus Darom (Ezek. 20:46). S.: south-west wind. In renders it the south-west wind.
Ezekiel.
Diospolis [II]. A city of Egypt, as Ezekiel Diospolis [II] (Ezek. 30:14). A city of Egypt. writes.
In Ezekiel.
Dadan [II] (Jer. 25:23). In the land of Kedar, Dadan [II]. In the region of Cedar, as Jeremiah writes. as in Jeremiah.
Dablathaim.
In the land of Moab [I], as Jeremiah writes.
Deblathaeim (Jer. 48:22). In the land of Moab [I], as in Jeremiah.
Daedan. In the region of Idumaea, as Jeremiah Daidan (Jer. 49:8). In the land of Idumaea, as writes. It is four milestones north of the mine of Faenum. in Jeremiah. It lies in Phainon, about 4 milestones north.
Decapolis. We read of it in the Gospels. It is Decapolis (Matt. 4:25). In the Gospels. It is in the region of ten cities across the Jordan near
Hippus, Pella and Gadara.
Peraea near Hippos, Pella and Gadara.
Jerome Eusebius From Genesis From Genesis Eden. The place of the holy paradise to the Eden (Gen. 2:8). The site of the divine paradise east, which is translated as pleasure and delight.
. in the east. It is translated delight.
Evila. Whence the pure gold, which is called Zaab in Hebrew, and the most precious gems,
Eueilat (Gen. 2: 11ff.). Where there are gold, coal and emeralds, a land towards the east, which carbuncles and emeralds, are born. It is also the the Phison encircles from paradise, which is the Ganges for Greeks, flowing towards India. The name of one of the descendants of Noah was region tending towards the east, which the Fison
encircles as it comes out of Paradise, and whose name we change and call it the Ganges. Evila is called Eueilat; Josephus relates [Ant. 1: 147] that he lived with his brothers from the river Kophenos in India to the region towards Seria.
Ishmael is said to have lived in the Euila desert, which Scripture says is between the desert of Sour said to be one of the descendants of Noah, whom
Josephus mentions that, with his brothers, he owned the land from the river of Cofene as far as the place that is called Ieria. Ishmael is written as dwelling in the Evila desert, which Sacred opposite Egypt and stretching as far as the land
Scripture says is in the desert of Sur, facing Egypt as far as the land of Assyria. of Assyria.
Euphrates (Gen. 2:14). A river of MesopotaEuphrates. A river of Mesopotamia, east, in Paradise. Further, Sallust, a most trustworthy mia, issuing from Paradise. author, asserts [Hist. 4:52] that the sources of the Tigris are to be seen in Armenia rather than those of the Euphrates. From this we consider we should understand differently about Paradise and its rivers.
Ellasar. A city of the King of Arioch.
Ellasar (Gen. 14:1). A city of the Kingdom of Arioch.
Efratha [I]. In the region of Bethleem, the city Ephratha [I] (Gen. 35:16, 19). The country of Bethleem, the city of David, in which Christ was of David, in which Christ was born. It is in the tribe of Judah; nevertheless some think wrongly born. Tribe of Benjamin. Right beside the road is that it is in the tribe of Benjamin. It is beside the where Rachel is buried, 4 milestones from road where Rachel is buried five milestones from Jerusalem in the place the Septuagint calls the Hippodrome. We also read of Efratha [I] in the Book (sic) of Chronicles, as stated above.
Jerusalem, in what is called the Hippodrome.
The tomb is still shown until today. The father of Bethlehem was called Ephratha, as in Chronicles.
From Exodus From Exodus Iroth. A desert place to which the children of Eiroth (Exod. 14:2). A place in the desert, to which they came out of Egypt after crossing the Red Sea.
Israel came after crossing the Red Sea.
Jerome Eusebius From Numbers and Deuteronomy From Numbers and Deuteronomy Incendium. The place of Fire—that is empurEmpurismos (Num. 11:3). [Place of fire.] A ismos. A place in the desert where certain of the place in the desert where those who blasphemed
God were consumed by fire. people were consumed by fire.
Inthaath. A camp in the desert of the children Enthaath (Num. 33:26). A halt of the children of Israel in the desert.
'of Israel.
Ebrona. In the desert, a camp of the children Ebrona (Num. 33:34). A halt of the people in of Israel. the desert.
Emath [II] (Num.
13: 21). Where Joshua's Emath [II]. The scouts Joshua sent crossed it. scouts crossed.
Ermana (Num. 14: 45). Where part of the Erma. Where part of the people of Israel were cut off by Amalek and Canaan, which Scripture people were cut off in the desert of Canaan and Amalek. The Canaanite is called Amorite in Deuteronomy. calls Amorites in Deuteronomy.
Esebon. City of Sihon, King of the Amorites in Essebon (Num. 21:26). The city of Sihon the Amorite in the land of Gilead which he took
the land of Galaad. Before the Moabites it was owned by the Amorites by nght of conquest. fighting the King of Moab [I]. Isaiah mentions it in the vision of Moab [I], and also Jeremiah. It is now called Esbous, a famous city of Arabia, in Jeremiah mentions it, and Isaiah too in his vision against Moab [I]. Further, it is now called Esbus, the mountains lying opposite Jericho, about twenty milestones away from the Jordan. It fell an important city of Arabia in the mountains, which are over against Jericho, twenty miles away from the Jordan. It was in the tribe of to the tribe of Reuben, set apart for Levites.
Reuben, set apart for Levites.
Edrai [I]. Where Og, King of Basan, a giant and a powerful man, was killed, and all his army
Edraei [I] (Num. 21:33). There Og the King of Basan, a giant, was slain, and all his men. Now it slain. Now it is Adra [II], an important city of is Adra [II], a famous city of Arabia, twenty-four
Arabia, twenty-four milestones from Bostra [I]. milestones from Bostra [I].
Eleale (Num. 32:3). A city of the Amorite in Eleale. A city of Amorites in Galaad, which fell to the lot of the tribe of Reuben. Isaiah mentions it in his vision against Moab, and also
Galaad, which fell to Reuben. Isaiah mentions it in the vision of Moab. It is also in Jeremiah. It
Jeremiah. Up to today the large village is to be survives even now as a very large village, not seen one milestone from Esbus. more than one mile from Esbous.
Enna. In the desert of Cades.
Enna (Num. 34:4). It lies along the desert of Kades.
Hermon (Deut. 3:9). Mount Hermon, which Ermon. Mount Ermon, which the Phoenicians the Phoenicians call Sanior. See above. call Sanior, as above.
From the Book of Joshua son of Nun From Joshua Emecachor.
It means the Valley of Achor, Emekachor (Josh. 7: 26). It is translated the Valley of Achor, where they stoned Achor when that is, of tumult or of disorders, where Achan was stoned because he suffered anathema. There he was the anathema for theft, whence came the appellation. It is pointed out even until today is also another place near Jericho not far from Galgal [I]. Therefore certain people think wrongly that the Valley of Achor is named from near Jericho as a place near Galgala.
Jerome Eusebius the man who was stoned, whereas he was called Achan, and not Achor or Achar.
Eglom (Josh. 10: 3; 12: 12). Also Odollam.
Joshua attacked its king, Dabir. Tribe of Judah.
Now it is a very large village 10 milestones east of Eglom. Also Odollam, in the tribe of Judah, whose king, Dabir by name, Joshua killed. It is now a very large village twelve milestones east of Eleutheropolis, as we said above.
Eleutheropolis. See above.
Enemec. Aquila and Symmachus translate it:
Enemek (Josh. 10:12). A., S.: in the valley. in the valley.
Esor (Josh. 11: 1). Also Asor [I]. Tribe of Esrom. Also Esor, beside the desert in the tribe of Judah, as said above.
Judah. Towards the desert, as stated above.
Enacim. Here indeed Joshua slew the giant Enacim from the mountain region of Chebron. It
Enakeim (Josh. 11:21). Joshua struck at the Enakim in the hill country of Chebron. seems to me that it is not the name of the place of the Enacim, but of the inhabitants of Chebron.
Ephron [I] (Josh. 15:9). Tribe of Judah. Now it Efron [I]. In the tribe of Judah. It is the very
large village called Efraea twenty milestones is the very large village of Ephraim about 20 north of Aelia. milestones from Ailia, on the northern border.
Edrai [II] (Josh. 15:21). Tribe of Judah.
Ethnan (Josh. 15:23). Tribe of Judah.
Ebeziouthia (Josh. 15:28). Tribe of Judah.
Euein (Josh. 15:29). Tribe of Judah.
Eltholad (Josh. 15:30). Tribe of Judah.
Ereb (Josh. 15:52). Tribe of Judah. Eremintha Edre. In the tribe of Judah.
Ethnan. In the tribe of Judah.
Ebiziuthia. In the tribe of Judah.
Evim. In the tribe of Judah.
Eltholath. In the tribe of Judah.
Ereb. In the tribe of Judah. Today it is a village in Daroma, that is, to the south, which 1s called is now a village in Daroma.
Eremiththa.
Esan. In the tribe of Judah.
Essan (Josh. 15:52). Tribe of Judah.
Elul. In the tribe of Judah. Even today in the Eloul (Josh. 15:58). Tribe of Judah. region belonging to Aelia there is a village called
Alula near Chebron.
Elthece. In the tribe of Judah. Today the Eltheke (Josh. 15:59). Tribe of Judah. Now it village of Thecua is nine milestones south of is Thekoua, a village of Ailia, 12 milestones east.
Amos the Prophet was from there, and his tomb Aelia, whence came the Prophet Amos, whose tomb is shown in the same place. is still to be seen there.
Engaddi. In the tribe of Judah, where David Engaddi (Josh. 15:62). Tribe of Judah. There hid in the desert, which is in the Aulon of Jericho,
David hid in the desert of Jericho in the Aulon.
Now it is a very large village of Jews, Engaddi, that is, in the region of the plain, as we have said above. Up to today Engaddi is a very large lying beside the Dead Sea, from which balsam village of Jews beside the Dead Sea, from which balsam comes, whose trees Solomon calls Encomes. Gaddi [II], see above. gaddi.
Esthemo. A priestly city. Now it is shown as a Esthemo (Josh. 15:50). A priestly city. Now it very large village of Jews in Daroma, which is a very large village of Jews in Daroma, in the region of Eleutheropolis. belongs to the region of Eleutheropolis.
Bal
Jerome Eusebius Emecrafaim. That is, the valley of Rafaim, in Emekraphaeim (Josh. 18: 16). A., S.: in the the tribe of Benjamin. valley of Raphaeim. Lot of Benjamin.
Edomia. In the tribe of Benjamin. Now it is Edomim (Josh. 18:17). Lot of Benjamin. Now pointed out as the village of Eduma in Acrabitit is the village of Edouma in the Akrabattine,
- tene about twelve miles east of Neapolis. about twelve milestones east of Neapolis.
Erma. This Joshua took and killed the king. It
Erma (Josh. 19:4). Joshua took it, killing its
was in the lot of Simeon or Judah. king. It fell to the lot of Simeon and Judah.
Ether. The lot of Simeon. Now it is a very large Ether (Josh. 19:7). The lot of Simeon. Now village called Iethira in the interior of Daroma
Ietheira is a very large village in the interior of Daroma, lying beside Malaatha. near Malatha.
Eththa. In the tribe of Simeon.
Elcath. In the tribe of Asher. A separate city Eththa (Josh. 19:13). The lot of Simeon.
Elkath (Josh. 19:25). The lot of Asher. A city for Levites. set apart for Levites.
Icoc. The lot of Naphthali on the borders of Eikok (Josh. 19:34). The lot of Naphthali. It three tribes, that is, in the tribe of Zabulon on the adjoins Zabulon away to the south and Asher to south, in the tribe of Asher to the west, and the west, and Judah to the east. further in the tribe of Judah towards the sunrise.
Edrai [III]. In the tribe of Naphthali.
Eltheco. In the tribe of Dan, separate for Edraei [II] (Josh. 19:37). The lot of Naphthali.
Eltheko (Josh. 19: 44). The lot of Dan, set Levites. apart for Levites.
Esthaol. In the tribe of Dan, where Samson Esthaol (Josh. 19:41). The lot of Dan, where
Samson died. Even now it is 10 milestones from Eleutheropolis northwards on the way to died, which even today is pointed out ten milestones northward from Eleutheropolis on the way to Nicopolis.
Nikopolis.
Elba. The tribe of Asher could not expel the Elba (Josh. 19:28). The lot of Asher. Asher did original inhabitants from here. not expel the foreign tribes from it.
Eremmon. A very large village of Jews sixteen Eremmon (Josh. 19:7). A very large village of miles south from Eleutheropolis in Daroma.
Jews sixteen miles from Eleutheropolis southwards in the Daroma.
Emathdor. In the tribe of Naphthali, separate Emmathdor (Josh.
21: 32). The lot of Naphthali, separate for Levites. for Levites.
Emath [II]. The boundary of the foreign tribes Emath [II] (Judg. 3:3). The boundary of the in the region of Damascus. foriegn tribes in the land of Damascus.
Inlechi. Aquila translates it as Jawbone.
Inaczeb. Symmachus translates it as the Zeb Valley.
Enlechi (Judg. 15:16, 19). A.: Jawbone.
Eniakebzeb (Judg. 7:25). S.: in the valley of the Zeb.
From the Books of Kings From Kingdoms Ergab. Hither Jonathan, the son of Saul, Ergab (1 Sam. 20:19). There Jonathan threw directed [himself] with a dart, as he exercised javelins. A.: stones; S.: a stone. Elsewhere S.: the with war javelins. Aquila and Symmachus perimeter. translate it as stone, but in another place Symmachus has ton perimetron [perimeter].
Echela. Here David hid. Now indeed there is a Echela (1 Sam. 23:19). There David hid. It is
Eusebius Jerome now called Enkela, 7 milestones from Eleuthervillage called Eccela seven milestones from opolis. The Prophet Habakkuk's tomb is pointed
Eleutheropolis, near where the tomb of the Prophet Habakkuk is shown. out nearby.
Elmoni. A place. It is translated as anything.
Aquila and Theodotion translate it as tonde tina, which we can say is "this or that.'' Further, as the Elmoni (1 Sam. 21:2). A place. It is translated
a certain one. A. and Th.: here or there. diligent reader knows, because I reflected on some matters at the beginning of this book, I am not able to assent to all that I am translating, but for that reason leave certain matters to Greek authority, which I have debated fully in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
Esthama. A place to which David sent.
Esthama (1 Sam.
30: 26, 28). David sent thither.
Eloth (2 Kgs. 14:22). King Azariah built it.
Emath [I] (2 Kgs. 14:25). In Isaiah (10:9; 11:
Eloth. King Azariah built it.
Emath [I]. In Isaiah a city of Damascus, which the King of the Assyrians attacked. Zacharias and Ezekiel mention it. In Amos Emath is written
11; 36:19; 37:13). A city of Damascus which the King of the Assyrians besieged. Zachariah also mentions it (9:2). It is also in Ezekiel (47:16, 17,
Rabba, which to us means Great Emath. Of it we 20; 48:1). In Amos it is Emath Rebba, which is
Great Emath (Amos 6:2). It is mentioned above.
Perhaps it is the Epiphaneia near Emesa. said, as it seemed to us above, that this is Epiphania near Emesa, which until today is this in Syriac.
Eser. A city that Solomon built.
Inachim or Inbachim. Aquila and Symmachus Eser (2 Kgs. 15:29). A city Solomon built.
Enacheim (Micah 1:10) or Enbachein. Micah. translate as weeping. The Prophet Micah also
A., S.: weeping. mentions it.
Inaraba. Aquila translates as low or flat, Symmachus as a plain.
Enaraba (2 Sam. 2:29). A.: flat; S.: plain.
Elcese. Nahum the Prophet came from here, Elkese (Nahum 1:1). Whence was Nahum the for he is called Elcesaeus.
Elkesaite.
Emacim. Symmachus and Aquila translate it Emakeim (Jer. 49:4). A., S.: the valleys. valley.
From the Gospels From the Gospels Emmaus. Cleopas, whom Luke the Evangelist Emmaous (Luke 24:13). Whence came Kleomentions, came from here. Now the place is pas in Luke's Gospel. The same is now NikopoNicopolis, a famous city of Palestine. lis, a famous city of Palestine.
Ephraim (John 11: 54). Near the desert, Efraim. Near the desert, to which the Lord
Jesus came with his disciples. We spoke of it above in connection with Efron [II]. whither Christ came with the disciples.
It is above as Ephron [I].
Up to this point the references have been to the short letter E, as we read in full in Greek as Epsilon.
Eusebius Jerome From Genesis : From Genesis Zaphoeim (Gen. 36: 43). A country of the Zafoim. A region of the princes of Edom which is now called Gebalena. princes of Edom in the present Gebalene.
From Numbers and Deuteronomy From Numbers and Deuteronomy Zoob (Num. 21:14). After this, it says in the Zoob. A city of the Amorites situated on the Bible, the war of the Lord will set fire to Zoob and the torrents of the Arnon. A city in the Amorite country, lying on the Arnon.
Arnon, about which it is written: ""Afterwards it is said in the book: the war of the lord of Zoob will even set alight the waters of Arnon."
Zephrona (Num. 34:9). Northern boundary of Judaea.
Zefron. The boundary of Judaea to the north.
Zared (Deut. 2:13). The valley of Zared in part Zared. The valley of Zared in part of the of the desert. desert.
From Joshua From the Book of Joshua Zeiph (Josh. 15:24). Tribe of Judah.
Zanaoua (Josh. 15:56). Tribe of Judah. Now Zif [I]. In the tribe of Judah.
Zannoua. In the tribe of Judah. Until today there is a village called Zanoua within the borders the village of Zanua is mentioned in the borders of Eleutheropolis on the way to Ailia. of Eleutheropolis on the way to Aelia.
Zif [Il]. Even until today the village is shown Ziph (Josh. 15:55). Tribe of Judah. Now it is a village in the Daroma within the borders of Eleutheropolis near Chebron, about 8 milestones eight milestones east of Chebron, where David hid. It was in Daroma within the borders of Eleutheropolis. to the east, where David hid.
From Kingdoms From the Books of Kings Zeib (1 Sam. 23:14). The squalid mountain of Zif [Il]. A vile, foggy or cloudy mountain near
Zeib, in which David settled, which Chermala lies Zif, in which David settled near Chermela, which beside, which is translated Karmelos [I]. Thus is called Carmel [I] in the Scriptures. Today it is a even until today it is a village of Jews, whence came Nabal the Karmelite. It is called Zeib after village of Jews, from which came Nabal of Carmel. But one of the descendants of Caleb was called Zif. Read Chronicles. one of the sons of Caleb, as in Chronicles (1
Chron. 2:42).
Zogera (Jer. 48: 34). In Jeremiah. A city of Moab [I]. The same is now called Zoora, or Zogora. In Jeremiah, a city of the Moabites.
This is what is now called Zoara or Segor, one of Sigor, one of the five cities of the Sodomites. the five cities of the Sodomites.
Zeb (Jer. 49:4). In Jeremiah. A city of Amman.
Zeb. A city of Amman. Today the village of lit is now the village of Zia about 15 milestones to Zia is pointed out fifteen milestones west of Philadelphia. the west of Philadelphia.
Zoeleth. The name of the stone where Adonyah sacrificed victims beside the spring of Rogel.
Zoeleth (1 Kgs. 1:9). A stone so called, where Adonyah sacrificed victims at the spring of Rogel.
[TA] Eusebius Jerome From Genesis From Genesis Elath (Gen. 36:41). A country of the princes of Edom and the city of Esau, 10 milestones east of Elath. A region of the princes of Edom and the ' city of Esau ten milestones east of Petra.
Petra.
Heroonpolis (Gen. 46: 28ff.).
In Egypt, whither Joseph ran to his father.
Eroum. A city in Egypt, where Joseph ran to his father Jacob.
Heliopolis. The City of the Sun, a town in Helioupolis (Gen. 41: 45). A city in Egypt, called On [I] in Hebrew, where Petephres (=Potiphar) was priest. It is also in Ezekiel (30:
Egypt, which in Hebrew is written On [I], in which Petefres (=Potiphar) was priest. Ezekiel
17).
Etham (Exod. 13: 20). A desert halt of the also mentions it.
Etham. A camp of the children of Israel in the children of Israel, also Bouthan. desert, which is also called Buthan.
From Joshua From the Book of Joshua Engannim (Josh. 15:34). Tribe of Judah. Now Engannim. In the tribe of Judah. Now it is a it is near Baithel. village near Bethel.
Enaim (Josh. 15:34). Tribe of Judah. Now it is Enaim. In the tribe of Judah. Today it is the the village of Bethenim-near-the-Terebinth. village of Bethenim-near-the-Terebinth.
Endor (Josh.
17: 11). Tribe of Manasseh.
Where the ventriloquist lived. Aendor is also Endor. In the tribe of Manasseh, where the witch was consulted by Saul, King of Judaea. We mentioned above. It is near Nain, where Christ have spoken of Aendor above also, which is raised up the widow's son, near Scythopolis. beside the town of Nain, in which the Saviour raised up the widow's son at its gates. It is near
Scythopolis.
Enganni. In the tribe of Issachar, a separate Enganni (Josh. 19:21). The lot of Issachar. A city for Levites. But there is another city called
Enganna near Gerasa across the Jordan. separate city for Levites. There is said to be another village of Enganna near Gerasa in the Peraea.
Enada. In the tribe of Issachar. Even until today there is a certain village called Enadab about ten milestones from Eleutheropolis for Enada (Josh. 19:21). Tribe of Issachar. It is now another village called Henadab near the tenth milestone along on the way from Eleutherthose going to Aelia. opolis to Ailia.
Enasor. In the tribe of Naphthali. It is put above as Asor [III].
Enasor (Josh. 19:37). The lot of Naphthali.
Mentioned above as Asor [III]. oF
Herakon (Josh. 19:46). Boundary of the tribe Ereccon. The boundary of the tribe of Dan of Dan, near Joppa. near Joppa.
From the Book of Judges From Judges Hetam (Judg. 15:8). Where Samson lived in Etam. Where Samson lived, in the cave of Etam beside the torrent. the cave of Etam beside the torrent. ee)
Jerome Eusebius From the Books of Kings From Kingdoms Ela. We read of the valley of Ela, which Aquila and Theodotion translate the Valley of the Oak.
Ela (1 Sam. 17:2). Valley of Ela. A., Th.: Valley of the Oak.
Engaddi. In the desert, where David hid. We Engaddi (1 Sam. 24: 1). The desert where
. put Engaddi above also in the tribe of Judah, David hid. Mentioned above, in the tribe of beside the Dead Sea to the west.
Judah. It lies west of the Dead Sea.
Emath [I]. Region of the foreign tribesmen.
Emath [I] (2 Sam. 8:9). Country of the other Further, according to Jeremiah, it is the city of tribesmen, as in Jeremiah. A city of Damascus.
Damascus.
Enan. The boundary of Damascus, as we read Enan (Ezek. 47:17, 19). Boundary of Damasin Ezekiel, turning eastwards from Theman [I] of cus, as in Ezekiel, from Thaiman-of-the-Palmthe Palms, which other translators give as Thamar [II].
Trees, which others call Thamar [II].
Eusebius Jerome From Genesis From Genesis Thaiman (Gen. 36:11). A land of the princes of Edom in Gebalitike, from Thaiman son of Theman [II]. The region of the princes of Edom in the land of Gebalene, of which the name
Eliphaz, son of Esau. Even until today there is comes from Theman, the son of Eliphaz, the son a village of Thaiman about five milestones away from Petra, where a garrison is stationed. of Esau. Up to today there is a village called
Theman [II] five miles away from the city of Eliphaz, King of the Thaimanites, came from Petra, where also a Roman garrison is stationed.
From this place came Eliphaz, King of the Thamanites. One of the children of Ishmael also there. It is said the son of Thaiman was called
Ishmael. All the region to the south is called this, for Thaiman is translated south. was called Theman. It is known that the whole southern region is called Theman [II].
Thamna [I]. Where Judah sheared his sheep.
Today a very large village [Thamna I] is shown in Thamna [I] (Gen. 38:12). Here Judah sheared his sheep. It [Thamna IJ] is still a very large village in the borders of Diospolis [I] halfway along on the route to Ailia. It is in the tribe of Dan or Judah. the boundaries of Diospolis [I] on the way to Aelia, in the tribe of Dan or Judah.
Another Thamna [III] (Gen. 36:40). A city of Another Thamna [III]. A city of the princes of Edom. The concubine of Eliphaz, the son of the princes of Edom. It was the concubine of Eliphaz the son of Esau who gave birth to Esau, was called Thamna; she gave birth to Amalek, whence the Amalekites.
Amalek, whence the Amelekites.
From Numbers and Deuteronomy From Numbers and Deuteronomy
Thafol. A place in the desert across the Jordan, Thophol (Deut. 1:1). A place in the desert in which Moses wrote Deuteronomy, opposite beyond the Jordan, where Moses wrote Deuteronomy, opposite Jericho.
Jericho.
Thaath. A camp of the children of Israel.
Thaath (Num. 33:26ff.). A halt of the children of Israel.
Thara (Num. 33:27ff.). A halt of the children Thara. A camp of the children of Israel. of Israel.
From the Book of Joshua the Son of Nun From Joshua Thaphphou (Josh.
12: 17). A city Joshua Thaffu. A city in the tribe of Judah which Joshua attacked, and killed its king. We have spoken above about the boundary of Palestine and Egypt which was called Bethafu. besieged, killing its king, which fell to the tribe of Judah. It is also mentioned above as Bethaphou, on the border of Palestine with Egypt.
Thanak (Josh. 12:21). A city Joshua besieged, Thaanac. A city Joshua attacked, killing its king. It was in the tribe of Manasseh, separate for killing its king, which fell to the tribe of Levites, and now a village by this name is pointed
Manasseh, set apart for Levites. Now it is 4 out four miles from the town of Legio. milestones from Legio.
Jerome Eusebius Thenath. In the tribe of Joseph. Today it is the Thenath (Josh. 16:6). Tribe of Joseph. Now it village of Thena ten milestones east of Neapolis is the village of Thena ten milestones to the east on the way down to the Jordan. of Neapolis on the way down to the Jordan.
Thaffue. In the tribe of Joseph.
Thaffuth. In the tribe of Manasseh.
Theco. Up to today the village is pointed out Thaphphoue (Josh. 15:8). Tribe of Joseph.
Thaphphouth (Josh. 17:8). Tribe of Manasseh.
Theko (Josh. 15:59). Now Thekoe is beside the beside the desert of the city of Aelia. Whence also desert of the city of Ailia, formerly a city of came the Prophet Amos. refuge. Amos the Prophet came from there.
Thersa. This Joshua took with its king.
Thersa (Josh. 12:24). This Joshua took with its king.
Therama. In the tribe of Benjamin.
Tholad. In the tribe of Judah or Simeon.
Therama (Josh. 18:27). Tribe of Benjamin.
Tholad (Josh.
15: 30). Tribe of Judah or Simeon.
Thabor [II]. The boundary of Zabulon. It is a mountain [Thabor I] in the middle of the plain of Thabor [II] (Josh. 19:12). Border of Zabulon.
It is a mountain [Thabor I] lying in the plain, ten milestones east of Diocaesarea.
It was the boundary of the tribe of Issachar and Naphthali.
Galilee, remarkably round and lofty, ten miles east of Diocaesarea, which was the border between the tribes of Issachar and Naphthali.
Thalcha. In the tribe of Simeon. Now it is a Thalcha (Josh. 19:7). Tribe of Simeon. Now large village of Jews called Thella about sixteen called Thala, it is a very large village of Jews, about sixteen miles from Eleutheropolis in the milestones from Eleutheropolis on the south.
Daroma.
Thamnathsara. The city of Joshua the son of Nun situated on the mountain, which we have mentioned above as Thamna [I], in which his tomb is shown even to the present day. In the Thamnathsara (Josh.
19: 50). The city of Joshua son of Nun situated in the mountain. It
is the same as Thamna [I], as mentioned above, where Joshua's tomb is still shown. Tribe of Dan. tribe of Dan.
The Sea of Salt. It is called the Dead Sea or The Sea of Salt (Josh. 18:19). The Sea called the Asphalt Sea, that is, of bitumen, between the Dead and that of Asphalt, between Jericho
Jericho and Zoara. and Zoora.
From the Book of Judges From Judges Thaanach. A city beside which Deborah Thaanach (Judg. 1:27). The tribe of Manasseh fought Sisera, in the tribe of Manasseh, separate did not take it, because it did not expel the for Levites, which it could not hold, because in foreign tribesmen from it. Later, Deborah made war on Sisera. The same was set aside for Levites.
Now it is a very large village three milestones no way were the original inhabitants expelled.
Now it is a very large village, three miles from Legio. from Legio.
Thebes. A city which when Abimelech fought, Thebes (Judg. 9: 50). A city which, when
Abimelech besieged it, a woman struck him on he perished from a blow from a millstone. Today it is still a village called Thebes on the borders of Neapolis about thirteen milestones on the way to the head with a piece of millstone. Even now there is a village called Thebes in the borders of Scythopolis.
Neapolis. It is at the thirteenth milestone from Scythopolis.
Jerome Eusebius Thamnatha (Judg. 14:1). It is the Thamna [IT] Thamnatha. See above: Thamna [II]. In the tribe of Judah. above. Tribe of Dan.
From the Books of Kings From Kingdoms Thelamuge. The place from which Abner sent
Land of Thelamos (2 Sam. 3:12). Here Abner to David. But it is known that Aquila translated sent to David. A.: example; S.: instead. it "example," Symmachus "'itself."
Thaad (2 Sam. 24:6). Near Galaad (Gilead).
Thamsa (1 Kgs. 4:24). Boundary of Solomon's kingdom.
Thaad. Near Galaad (Gilead).
Thamsa. The boundary of the kingdom of Solomon.
Thermoth. A city Solomon built in the desert, which we have mentioned in the Books of Hebrew
Thermoth (1 Kgs. 9:18). A city Solomon built in the desert.
Questions.
Tharsis. Where Solomon's gold was brought.
Josephus thinks Tarsus was a city of Cilicia.
Tharseis (1 Kgs. 10:22). From where gold was brought to Solomon. According to Josephus,
Further, in Ezekiel, Carthage is meant, so that in Tarsus is in Cilicia (Ant. 1: 127). According to the same place that we read in the Septuagint
Ezekiel (Ezek. 27: 12, 25; 38: 13) Karchedon, which the Septuagint has as Karchedon also, the Hebrew has Tharseis. Others think it is in India.
translation "Carthage," in Hebrew Scripture has
Tharsis. Some think it is India. The matter is debated more fully in the book of letters we wrote to Marcella, in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
Tharsa. Where Asa King of Israel was.
Tharsa (1 Kgs. 15:21). Where Asa was King of Israel.
Thersila [I]. Where Menahem came from.
Thersila [I] (2 Kgs. 15: 14). Where Manaem Until today there is a little village of the Samaritans in the region of Batanaea which is was. Now it is a village of Samaritans in Batanaea called Tharsila. called Thersila [II].
Thesba. Where the Prophet Elijah the Thesbite Thesba (1 Kgs.
17: 1). Where Elijah the came from.
Tishbite was.
Theman [II]. In Ezekiel, a city of Idumaea.
Thaiman (Ezek. 25:13). As in Ezekiel, a city of Further, Isaiah in a vision places it in Arabia.
Jeremiah also mentions it. Obadiah writes of it as Idumaea; as also Isaiah in the vision of Arabia. It is also in Jeremiah. In Obadiah it is called the city the city of Esau. One of his sons was called of Esau. One of the sons of Esau was also called
Theman, as we said above.
Thaiman. Mentioned also above.
Tharthac. The Hivites founded it in the land Tharthak (2 Kgs. 17:31). The Hivites built it in Judaea. of Judaea.
Thalasar. A region of Syria.
Thogarma. We read of it in Ezekiel.
Thafeth. We read in Jeremiah of the altar of Thalasar (2 Kgs. 19:12). Land of Syria.
Thogarma (Ezek. 27:14). In Ezekiel.
Thapheth (Jer. 7:32). The altar of Thapheth in Thafeth. In the suburbs of Aelia there is a place
Jeremiah. A place with this name is pointed out called this up to this day, near the Fuller's Pool even now in the suburbs of Ailia beside the and the Field of Aceldama.
Fuller's Pool and the Field of Akeldama. a9
Eusebius Jerome From Genesis -From Genesis Iabok (Gen. 32: 33ff.). A river in a torrent, where Jacob wrestled with the one who appeared
The Iaboc River, beside which Jacob wrestled against one who appeared to him, and so was named Israel. It flows between Amman, that is, to him, and was called Israel. It flows between Amman, that is, Philadelphia, and four milePhiladelphia, and Gerasa at its fourth milestone, and goes on from there to mingle with the River stones from Gerasa, and then goes on to mingle with the Jordan.
Jordan.
Idoumaea (Gen. 36:16). Land of Esau, from whom it was named, for he was called Edom. It is
Idumaea. The region of Esau, which took the name Edom from him. It is near the city of Petra, which is now called Gebalene. near Petra, and called Gebalene. lather (Gen. 36:40). A country of the princes
Itheth. A region of the princes of Edom of 705 which we spoke above as Gebalene.
of Edom, in the said Gebalene.
From Numbers and Deuteronomy From Numbers and Deuteronomy Ietabatha (Num. 33:33). A desert halt of the Ietabatha. A camp in the desert of the children children of Israel. of Israel.
Tanna (Num. 21:20). It is in the plain of Moab Tanna. In the plain of Moab [I] under the cliff
[I] under the vertical cliff, facing the desert near of Fasga, that is, cut off. It looks towards the the Arnon. desert near Arnon.
Tessa (Num. 21:23). There Sihon, King of the Iassa. Where there was a battle against Sihon,
King of the Amorites. Isaiah mentions it in his Amorites, made war. Isaiah also mentions it in his vision against Moab [I]. It is also in Jeremiah. vision against Moab [I], and likewise Jeremiah, and up to today it is pointed out between Medaba and Debus.
It is pointed out between Medaba and Lebous. lazer (Num. 21:32). A city of the Amorites 10 lazer. A city of the Amorites ten milestones from Philadelphia westward across the Jordan. It milestones west of Philadelphia, now in Peraea in Palestine beyond the Jordan, which became the boundary of the tribe of Gad, stretching as far as was the boundary of the tribe of Gad. It stretched as far as Aroer, which itself faces Rabba [II].
Aroer, which is opposite Rabba [II]. Isaiah also mentions it in the vision against Moab (Is. 16: 8), and Jeremiah (48: 32) too. It was set apart for Isaiah mentions the city of Iazer in the vision against Moab, and also Jeremiah. But it was separate for Levites, and fifteen miles from Esebon, from which a great river springs up and is continued by the Jordan.
Levites. It is 15 milestones away from Essebon, and from it a very large river rises and falls into the Jordan.
The River Jordan [lordanis] divides Judaea, The Jordan [Iordanes] (Num. 22:1). A river dividing Judaea from Arabia and the Aulon, on Arabia and Aulon, as we have said above, and the Dead Sea, which also flows past Jericho to flows as far as the Dead Sea, and after many meanderings mingles with the Dead Sea near the Dead Sea, and mingles with it.
Jericho, and loses its name. letabatha (Deut. 10:7). Torrents of water, a place in the desert.
Ietabatha.
A place in the desert, where torrents of water are to be seen.
Jerome Eusebius Jericho [Iericho]. A city which Joshua overJericho [Hiericho] (Deut.
32: 49). A city Joshua attacked, killing its king. In its place Ozan, from Baithel of the tribe of Ephraim, built threw after he had crossed the Jordan, and killed its king. For this reason Ozam from Bethel in the tribe of Ephraim built up another [place], which Our Lord and Saviour deigned to honour with up another [city] which our Lord Jesus Christ honoured by his presence.
Destroyed when Jerusalem was besieged as a result of the his presence. When Jerusalem was besieged by the Romans, it was captured and destroyed through the treachery of its citizens. For that treachery of its inhabitants, it was built a third time, a city which is still pointed out. Remains of reason a third city was built, which remains the earlier cities are preserved. today. The remains of each city are to be seen there to this day.
From Joshua the Son of Nun From Joshua
Jerusalem [Ierusalem]. Where Adonibezec Jerusalem [Hierousalem] (Josh. 10:1). Adonibezek reigned over it, and after that the
reigned. After that the Jebusites held it, from which it took its name. After a long time David wiped them out, and made it the mother-city of Jebusites, from whom it was called Jebus, whom
David threw out. He declared it the mother-city the whole province of Judaea. There he bought a of Judaea because of its sacred associations [...]. place for the Temple and left the expenses of In Genesis it is Salem [I], which Melchisedek building to his son Solomon. Josephus mentions ruled. It fell to the lot of the tribe of Benjamin. that in Genesis it is written as Salem [I] under King Melchisedec.
It was in the tribe of Benjamin.
Iebus. That is indeed Jerusalem.
Iarim. A city of the Gabaonites.
Iarimuth. A city Joshua overthrew. In the tribe Iebous (Josh. 18:28). The same is Jerusalem.
Iareim (Josh. 9:17). City of the Gabaonites.
Ierimouth (Josh. 12:11). A city Joshua took. of Judah, four milestones from Eleutheropolis
Of the tribe of Judah, some 4 milestones away near the village of Esthaol. from Eleutheropolis near the village of Esthaol.
Isimoth. Where David hid. We said above that Isimoth (Josh. 12:3). Here David hid. It is mentioned above and explained as Bethsimouth. it seemed to us to be Bethsimuth. But in the Book of Kings Aquila translates Isimuth as scattered
In the First Book of Kings "in the place of Iessemoun" A. has "shining out," but S. gives abroad, but Symmachus as desert.
"the desert of Edom."
Iedna. Six milestones from Eleutheropolis on Tedna (Josh. 15:23). About 6 milestones from the way to Chebron.
Eleutheropolis on the way to Chebron.
TIeconam. A city on Carmel [II] that Joshua took, and killed its king.
Iekkomam (Josh. 12:22). A city of Karmelos [II] that Joshua took, killing its king. lair. A city of the tribe of Manasseh.
Iaeir (Josh. 13: 30). A city of the tribe of Manasseh.
Iamnel. In the tribe of Judah. Even today Iamnia is a town in Palestine between Diospolis
Iamneia (Josh. 15:11). A city of Judah. Now Iamneia is a small town of Palestine between Diospolis [I] and Azotos.
[I] and Azotus.
Iabir. A city of letters in the tribe of Judah. labeir (Josh. 15:15). A city of letters. Tribe of Judah.
Iagur. In the tribe of Judah.
Iagour. (Josh. 15:21). Tribe of Judah.
Eusebius Jerome Termus. In the tribe of Judah. Until today the Iermous (Josh. 15:35). Tribe of Judah. It is now the village of Hiermochos 10 milestones from Eleutheropolis on the way to Ailia. village of Iermucha is ten milestones from Eleutheropolis on the way up to Aelia.
Iechthael (Josh. 15:38). Tribe of Judah.
Iephthan (Josh. 15:43). Tribe of Judah.
Iechthael. In the tribe of Judah.
Iecthan. In the tribe of Judah.
Tether. In the tribe of Judah, a priestly city.
Now it is a very large village called Iethira,
Tether (Josh. 15:48). Tribe of Judah, a priestly
city. It is now the very large village of Ietheira about 20 milestones from Eleutheropolis, wholly
[composed] of Christians, in Daroma, near Malatha. It is mentioned above. twenty milestones from Eleutheropolis: its inhabitants, however, are all Christians.
It is situated in the interior of Daroma near Malatha.
We have spoken of it above.
Tanoun (Josh. 15:53). Tribe of Judah. Now it is Ianum. In the tribe of Judah. It is the village of Ianua three milestones from Legio to the south. the village of Ianoua three milestones south of Legio. It does not seem to be what is described.
It does not seem to be what is written.
Iettan (Josh. 15:55). Tribe of Judah, a priestly Tetan. In the tribe of Judah, a priestly city.
Today it is a very large village of Jews eighteen city. It is now a very large village of Jews about 18 milestones south of Eleutheropolis in Daroma. milestones from Eleutheropolis in the south part of Daroma.
Tezrael [I] (Josh. 15:56). Tribe of Judah.
Tezrael. In the tribe of Judah. It is not the one above.
Tezrael [II] (Josh. 17:16). Tribe of Manasseh.
Another. It is even until today the very famous lezrael [II]. In the tribe of Manasseh. Today a very large village is to be seen in a large plain between Scythopolis and Legio.
It was the boundary of Issachar. One of the descendants village of Esdraela in the great plain lying between Scythopolis and Legio. It was also the boundary of Issachar. It was called Iezrael indeed from the name of one of the descendants of Ephrata, as in Chronicles (1 Chron. 4:3). of Efratha, as we read in Chronicles, was called
Tezreel.
Iekdaan (Josh. 15:56). Tribe of Judah.
Iephlithi (Josh. 16:3). Tribe of Joseph.
Iano (Josh. 16:6). Tribe of Ephraim. This the King of the Assyrians took also. Now it is the Tecdaan. In the tribe of Judah.
Ieflethi. In the tribe of Joseph.
Iano. In the tribe of Ephraim. This indeed the King of the Assyrians took. Today a place Iano is shown in the Acrabattine region, twelve milevillage of Iano in the Akrabattine, 12 milestones east of Neapolis. stones from Neapolis, to the east.
Iamein (Josh. 17:7). A., S.: on the right.
Iamin. Aquila and Symmachus translate it as Right Hand.
Iaseb (Josh. 17:16). A., S.: inhabitants.
Ieblaam (Josh. 17: 11). Tribe of Manasseh, which did not expel the foreign tribesmen from it.
Iaseb. The Hebrews read it as inhabitants.
Ieblaam.
In the tribe of Manasseh, which could not expel the foreigners from it.
Ierfel. Of the tribe of Benjamin.
Ierphel (Josh. 18:27). Tribe of Benjamin.
Ieknal (Josh. 19:11). The lot of Zebulon, a city Tecnal. In the tribe of Zebulon, a separate city for Levites. set apart for Levites.
Iapheth (Josh. 19:12). The Steps of the lot of Zebulon, also called Ioppe. It is also Sukaminos
Iafthie. In the tribe of Zebulon. Until today Ioppe is called the Ascent of Iafo. It is also spoken of as the city of Sycaminus on the way on the way to Ptolemais from Caesarea, a seaside
Eusebius Jerome village near Karmelos [II] called Hepha. down from Caesarea to Ptolemais by sea, past the mountain of Carmel [II] or Efa. lefthael. In the tribe of Zebulon.
Tadela. In the tribe of Zebulon.
Iermoth. In the tribe of Issachar, a separate Iephthael (Josh. 19:14). Lot of Zebulon.
Iadela (Josh. 19:15). Lot of Zebulon.
Termoth (Josh. 19:21). Lot of Issachar, a city
city for priests. We put it above as lerimuth, set aside for priests. Above it is lermouth. Hosea mentions it also. which Hosea the Prophet also mentions.
Iabnel. In the tribe of Naphthali.
Ieron. In the tribe of Naphthali.
Iethlam. In the tribe of Dan.
Telon. In the tribe of Dan. ud. In the tribe of Dan.
Ieracon. Springs in the tribe of Dan.
Iamnel (Josh. 19:33). Lot of Naphthali.
Teron (Josh. 19:38). Lot of Naphthali.
Iethlan (Josh. 19:42). Lot of Dan.
Telon (Josh. 19:43). Lot of Dan.
Ioud (Josh. 19:45). Lot of Dan.
Hieracho (Josh. 19: 46). Waters of the lot of Dan.
Iabis Galaad. This the children of Israel Iabeis Galaad (Judg. 21: 8). On this the attacked. Now it is a village across the Jordan children of Israel made war. Now it is a village six milestones from the city of Pella on the mountain on the way to Gerasa. across the Jordan 6 milestones from the city of Pella, lying in the mountain on the way to Gerasa.
From the Books of Kings From Kingdoms Iaar. A pass where there was a swarm of bees.
Iaar (1 Sam. 14:25). A wood where there was a swarm of bees.
Terameli. In the region of the foreign tribesmen.
Hieramelei (1 Sam. 30: 29). A country of foreign tribes.
Iether. Where David sent. Now it is a village in Daroma called Iethira, of which we have spoken
Tether (1 Sam. 30:27). Where David sent. The village is Ietheira in Daroma. As said above. above.
Iecmaan. A city of the princes of Solomon.
Iekmaan (1 Kgs. 4:12). A city of Solomon's princes.
Itabyrium. Aquila and Symmachus translate it Thabor in the Prophet Hosea. It is now Mount
Thabor in the great plain on the east side of Itaburion (Hos. 5:1). A., S.: Thabor. In Hosea.
It is in the great plain of Legio towards the east.
Legio.
Iecthoel. The name of Petra in the Books of Iekthoel (2 Kgs. 14:7). Petra in Kings.
Kings.
Tetaba (2 Kgs. 21:19). An ancient city of Judaea.
Ioppe (Jonah 1:3). A city of Palestine even now on the seashore. The lot of Dan.
Ietaba. An ancient city of Judaea.
Ioppe. A town of Palestine by the sea in the tribe of Dan.
From the Gospels From the Gospels Itouraea (Luke 3:1). The region of TrachoniIturaea. The region of Trachonitis, whose tis, of which Philip was tetrarch, as in the tetrarch was Philip, as we read in the Gospels.
Trachonitis is the name of the land near the Gospels. The country lying alongside the desert desert of Arabia which adjoins Bostra [I]. near Bostra [I] in Arabia is called Trachonitis.
Jerome Eusebius From the Pentateuch - From the Pentateuch Carnaim. Astaroth Carnaim. Now it is a large
Karneim (Gen. 14:5). Astaroth Karneim. It is now a very large village of Arabia which is called
Karnaia [I], lying by the Jordan. It is pointed out
village in an unfrequented part of Batanaea, and called Carnaea [I] across the River Jordan, and they have handed down that Job's home was here as the traditional home of Job. There is also there. Above we have mentioned Carnaea [II] as another village called Karnaia [II] within the a village nine milestones from Aelia. borders of Ailia.
Kades [I] (Gen. 14:7). There is here the Spring Cades. Where the Fountain of Justice is, and Cades Barne in the desert, which adjoins the city of Judgement.
Kades Barne (Num. 32:8). A desert alongside of Petra in Arabia. Here Miriam died, and Moses struck the rock to give the people water. Up to the city of Petra in Arabia where Miriam went and died, and Moses doubtingly struck the rock and gave water to the people to drink. Miriam's tomb is shown even until today. Here Chodollagomor struck the princes of Amalek. the present day too they show Miriam's tomb there. Also the princes of Amalek were slain there by Chodollagomor.
Kenaz (Gen. 36:11). A land of the princes of Edom.
Cene. A region of the Idumaean princes.
Cariathaim. A city the children of Reuben Kariathaeim (Num. 32:37). A city the sons of Reuben built. Now it is a wholly Christian built. Now it is a flourishing village wholly of Christians beside Medaba, a city of Arabia, and village, near Medaba, a city of Arabia, called called Coraiatha, ten milestones from the aboveKaraiatha, 10 milestones west of Medaba near mentioned town on the western side, near the Bare. place that is called Bare.
Cariatharbe. That is, Four-Villages, which is Chebron. See above.
Kariatharbo (Gen. 23:2). The same is Chebron. See above.
Kanath (Num. 32: 42). A village of Arabia which even until today is called Kanatha, which, when Nobah took it, he named it Naboth [I], and Canath. A village of Arabia which is now called Canatha, which, when Nobah took it, he called Naboth [I]. But it was in the tribe of Manasseh in the region of Trachonitis near was of the tribe of Manasseh. It lies even until today in Trachonitis near Bostra [I].
Bostra [I].
Catatachrysea.
That is, ""At the Gold-
Kata ta Chrusea (Deut.
1: 1). They are mountains full of gold ore in the desert, 11 days' journey from Mount Choreb, in which Moses
Mines": these are gold-bearing mountains in the desert eleven days' journey from Choreb, beside which Moses is said to have written Deuteronomy. Also from the copper mine at Faenum, which collapsed in our time, they think the neighbouring mountains were once full of veins wrote Deuteronomy. It is said that formerly the mountains of the gold mines lay beside the mines of Phainon. of gold.
Cademoth. A desert from which Moses sent envoys to Sihon, King of the Amorites.
Kademoth (Deut. 2:26). A desert from which Moses sent ambassadors to Sihon.
Jerome Eusebius Cariath. A village which was under the Kariath (Josh.
18: 28). A city under the mother-city of Gabaon. mother-city of Gaba [II].
Cedes [I]. A city which Joshua took, and killed Kades [II] (Josh. 12:22). A city Joshua took, its king. It is in the lot of the tribe of Judah. killing its king. It fell to the tribe of Judah.
Another Cademoth. A city of the children of Kademoth (Josh. 13:18). City of the children
Reuben. of Reuben.
Cedson (Josh. 21:37). In the tribe of Reuben, a Kedson (Josh 21: 37) Tribe of Reuben. Set separate city for Levites. apart for Levites.
From the Book of Joshua From Joshua Capseel. In the tribe of Judah.
Cina. In the tribe of Judah.
Kapseel (Josh. 15:21). Tribe of Judah.
Kina (Josh. 15:22). Tribe of Judah.
Keeila (Josh. 15: 44). Tribe of Judah. There David dwelt. Even until today a village of Kela is
Ceila. In the tribe of Judah, where David once dwelt. Now it is the village of Cela about eight milestones on the east side of Eleutheropolis on pointed out east of Eleutheropolis on the way to Chebron, about 8 milestones away; and the tomb the way to Chebron, where the tomb of the Prophet Habakkuk is shown. of the Prophet Habakkuk is pointed out in the same place.
Cariathbaal. The city of Iarim in the tribe of Kariathbaal (Josh. 15:60). The same is the city
Judah. of Iareim of the tribe of Judah.
Cana. In the tribe of Ephraim.
Capsaim. In the tribe of Ephraim.
Cane. In the tribe of Manasseh.
Cariathiarim, also Cariathbaal. A city of Kana [I] (Josh. 16:8). Tribe of Ephraim.
Kabsaeim (Josh. 21:22). Tribe of Ephraim.
Kane (Josh. 17:9). Tribe of Manasseh.
Kariathiareim (Josh. 18:14). It is also Karisprings, one of the cities of the Gabaonites, athbaal and the city of Iareim. One of the Gabelonging to the tribe of Judah, nine milestones from Aelia for those going to Diospolis [I]. Uriah baonite cities, of the tribe of Judah, between Ailia and Diospolis [I], lying on the road 9 milestones from Ailia. From here came Uriah the Prophet whom Joachim slew in Jerusalem, as in Jeremiah the Prophet was from here, whom Joachim killed in Jerusalem, as Jeremiah writes. In the Book of Chronicles the son of Sobal is also called (Jer. 26: 22). The son of Sobal is also called
Kariathiareim, as in Chronicles (1 Chron. 2:50).
Cariathiarim.
Cision. In the tribe of Issachar, a separate city Kison [I] (Josh. 19:20). The lot of Issachar, a for Levites. city set apart for Levites.
Cartha. In the tribe of Zebulon, separate for
Kartha (Josh. 21:34). A city of Zebulon, set
Levites. apart for Levites.
Catta. In the tribe of Zebulon, separate for Katta (Josh. 19:15). The lot of Zebulon, a city
Levites. set apart for Levites.
Cana. Near Greater Sidon, for indeed there is Kana [II] (Josh. 19:28). As far as Great Sidon, a Lesser Sidon, whence it is called Greater for the lot of Asher. In it our Lord Jesus Christ distinction. Cana was in the tribe of Asher, where turned water into wine. Nathaniel was there also,
Our Lord and Saviour turned water into wine, and it is in Galilee of the Gentiles. and where Nathaniel the true Israelite assented to the witness of the Saviour. Today it is a town in Galilee of the Gentiles.
Jerome Eusebius Cedes [II]. Of the lot of Naphthali, a priestly Kades [III] (Josh. 19:37). The lot of Naphthacity and one for fugitives in Galilee on Mount
Naphthali. This the King of the Assyrians took, li, a priestly city, and formerly one of refuge, in Galilee in the mountain of Naphthali. The King and it is now called Cydissus, twenty milestones of the Assyrians took it. The same 1s Kudissos, 20
. from Tyre near Paneas. milestones from Tyre, lying near Paneas.
Cartham. In the tribe of Naphthali, a separate Kartham (Josh. 21:32). A city of the tribe of city for Levites.
Naphthali, set aside for Levites.
From the Book of Judges From Judges Ketron (Judg. 1:30). Zebulon did not expel the Cetron. In the tribe of Zebulon, in which the original inhabitants remained. foreign tribes.
Carcar. Where Zebah and Zalmunna lived, who Gideon killed. Until today it is a fort called
Karka (Judg. 8:10). There came Zebah and Zalmunna, whom Gideon killed. And it is now
Carcaria, a day's journey from the city of Petra. the fort of Karkaria, a day's journey from the city of Petra.
Camon. The city of Jair, in which Jair is Kamon (Judg. 10:5). The city of Iaeir, where buried. He was the first to judge Israel. Today it the judge of Israel is buried. It is now the village is called the village of Cimona in the very broad of Kammona in the great plain, 6 milestones plain six miles from Legio on the north side on from Legio, in the north, on the way to the way to Ptolemais.
Ptolemais.
Kison [II] (Judg. 4:7). A torrent near Mount Cison. A torrent near Mount Thabor, where they fought against Sisera.
Thabor, where Sisera made war.
Cademi. A torrent beside which Deborah waged war.
Kademim (Judg.
5: 21). A torrent, where Deborah fought.
Koilas (2 Sam.
5: 18). [The Valley] of the Coelas Titanorum. That is, the Valley of the Giants, against whom David battled.
Titans, whom David fought.
Clauthmon. That is, the Place of Weeping, which takes its name from lamentation.
Klauthmon (Judg. 2:1). Land of weeping, the
place so called.
From the Books of Kings From Kingdoms Ceni. A region of the Philistines.
Keni (1 Sam.
27: 10). Land of the other tribesmen.
Carmelus. Where Nabal, a former Carmelite, Karmelos [I] (1 Sam. 25:2). Where Nabal was.
Even until today it is the village called Chermala, which is translated Karmelos [I], at the tenth lived; now it is a village called Chermela, ten milestones from the town of Chebron, towards the east side, where also a Roman garrison is milestone from Chebron to the east, where a stationed. garrison is stationed.
Karmelos [II] (1 Kgs. 18:42). A mountain on [vacat} the Phoenician Sea and which divides Palestine from Phoenicia. Here Elijah dwelt.
Kabseel (2 Sam. 23:20). Where Banaiah the [vacat] son of Judah was.
Kedron (2 Sam. 15:23). Torrent or valley of Kedron. It lies beside Jerusalem.
Cedron. It is called the torrent or valley of Cedron, beside Jerusalem on the east side, which
Jerome Eusebius John the Evangelist also mentions.
Cyrene. On the borders of Egypt, where the King of the Assyrians transported the DamasKurine (2 Kgs. 16:9). Where the King of the Assyrians transported the Damascus people. cenes.
Coa. This is near Egypt.
Carchedon. That is, Carthage, which Isaiah Koa (1 Kgs. 10:28). Near Egypt.
Karchedon (Isa. 23:1). Isaiah in the vision of and Ezekiel mention in the vision of Tyre, which Tyre, and Ezekiel. In the Hebrew it lies beside in Hebrew is written Tharsis. We have also spoken more fully about it in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
Tharsis.
Coelas—that is, the valley of—Iosaphat Koilas Iosaphat (Joel 3: 2). It lies between between Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives.
Jerusalem and the Mount of Olives.
Read the Prophet Joel.
Cedem. In Ezekiel, which Aquila and Symmachus translate as east.
Kedem (Ezek. 25:4). In Ezekiel. A., S.: of the east.
Cedar. In Ezekiel, the princes of Cedar. Also Jeremiah and Isaiah also mention this name in Kedar (Ezek. 27:21). In Ezekiel the "Princes of Kedar," and in Jeremiah and in Isaiah in the the vision of Arabia. There is a region in the vision of Arabia. Kedar was the son of Ishmael desert of the Saracens called Cedar from a son of the son of Abraham.
Ishmael.
Carioth. In the region of the Moabites, as Jeremiah writes.
Karioth (Jer. 48:24, 41). In the land of Moab
[I], as in Jeremiah.
Cafarnaum. Beside the Lake of Gennesar, Kapharnaoum (Matt.
4: 13). Beside Lake Gennesareth. Even now it is a village in Galilee even today it is a town in Galilee of the Gentiles situated on the borders of Zabulon and Naphof the Gentiles on the border of Zabulon and Naphthali. thali.
Up to here we read letter C, which is Greek Kappa: later we list letter X=chi, which is aspirated, and hardly exists for Latin speakers, who write and read them the same way.
Eusebius Jerome From Genesis -From Genesis Lasan (Gen. 10:19). Border of the Canaanites
Lasa. The boundary of the Canaanites, near Sodom. near Sodom.
Luza [I]. In the tribe of Benjamin, which Jacob Louza [I] (Gen. 28: 19). Jacob called this Baithel. It is inhabited even until today, a village called Bethel afterwards. Even up to today it is a on the left of the road going to Ailia from village on the left of the road for those going from Neapolis to Aelia.
Neapolis. It fell to the tribe of Benjamin.
Luza [II]. This is another one, which fell to the Another Louza [II] (Judg. 1:26). It fell to the children of Joseph, lying beside Suchem [I] at the lot of the sons of Joseph, near Sychem at the 9th milestone from Neapolis.
Lotan (Gen. 36:20). A town of the princes of Edom. third milestone from Neas Polis [= Neapolis].
Lotan. A city of the princes of Edom.
From Numbers and Deuteronomy From Numbers and Deuteronomy Lebona (Num. 33:20). A halt in the desert of Lebona. A camp of the children of Israel in the the children of Israel. desert.
Lobon (Deut.
1: 1). A place in the desert beyond the Jordan, where Moses read Deuteronomy.
Lobon. A solitary place across the Jordan, in which Moses read Deuteronomy.
From Joshua From the Book of Joshua Lacheis (Josh. 10:3). Joshua took it, killing its
Lachis. In the tribe of Judah. Joshua took it, and killed its king. Isaiah mentions it and also
Jeremiah. Now it is a village seven milestones king. Isaiah also mentions it. And even up to now it is a village 7 milestones south of Eleutheropolis on the way to Daroma. It is also in Jeremiah.
Tribe of Judah. from Eleutheropolis on the way to Daroma.
Lebna (Josh. 10:29). This Joshua took, killing Lebna. In the tribe of Judah, a priestly city. its king. It fell to the tribe of Judah. A priestly
Joshua took it, and killed its king. Now it is a city. Now it is a village in Eleutheropolitana village in the region of Eleutheropolis which is called Lobana. It is also in Isaiah. called Lobna. Isaiah writes of it.
Laseron (Josh. 12:18). Joshua took it, killing Lasaron. This Joshua took, killing its king.
its king.
Lithos Boen (Josh. 15:6). In the children of Reuben, boundary of the tribe of Judah.
Lapis Boen. Of the children of Reuben. The boundary of the tribe of Judah.
Laboth (Josh. 15:32). Tribe of Judah.
Lamas (Josh. 15:40). Tribe of Judah.
Laboth (Josh. 19:6). The lot of Simeon.
Labanath (Josh. 19:26). Lot of Asher.
Lakoum (Josh. 19:33). Boundary of Naphthali.
Laboth. In the tribe of Judah.
Lamas. In the tribe of Judah.
Labaoth. In the tribe of Simeon.
Labanath. In the tribe of Asher.
Lacum. Boundary of Naphthali.
Jerome Eusebius From the Book of Judges From Judges Laboemath. Aquila translates: the entrance to Emath [II].
Laboemath (Judg. 3:3). A.: the entrance to Emath [IJ].
Lesem. Here the children of Dan named Dan Lesem (Josh. 19:47). This the children of Dan
"taken by force." took and called Dan.
Luza [III]. There is another near Bethel in the Louza [III] (Judg.
1: 26). Another, near land of Chettiim which he founded as he left Baithel, in the land of Chettieim [I]. It was built by those who were saved from Baithel, as Bethel, as Scripture narrates. recounted in Judges.
Lechi. Aquila and Theodotion translate it Lechei (Judg. 15:19). In Lechei, A., S.: In a Jawbone. See above.
Jaw.
Laisa. This the children of Dan took and Laisa (Judg. 18:27ff.). This the children of Dan possessed, since it was far from Sidon, and called took and dwelt in, far from Sidon, and called
Dan. It became the northern boundary of Judaea it Dan. It was the boundary of the land of Judaea to the north, which stretches from Dan to that stretches from north of Dan to Bersabee.
Bersabee. Isaiah also mentions it. It is situated Isaiah mentions it also. See above. Near Paneas.
The River Jordan flows out from it. near Paneas, from which the River Jordan springs.
From the Books of Kings From Kingdoms Lamattara. The place towards which JonaLemattara (1 Sam. 20: 20). Here Jonathan than directed his arrows. Aquila translated it as a fired arrows. A.: a sign; S.: decided. sign, Symmachus as decided.
Ladabar. Where Mephibosheth was.
Ladabar (2 Sam. 9:4). Where Mephibosheth came from.
Lodabar. Where Machir was.
Lodabar (2 Sam. 17:27). Where Machir came from.
Libanus. The very high mountain of PhoeLibanos (1 Kgs. 4: 29). A high Phoenician mountain. nicia.
Luith. Isaiah mentions it. Even today there is a Loueith (Isa. 15:5). Isaiah mentions it. It is a village between Areopolis and Zoar called village now called Loueitha between Areopolis and Zoor.
Luitha.
Eusebius Jerome From Genesis
From Genesis £23 Maanasse (Gen. 10:30) A region of India where Messe. A region of India, in which the sons of the sons of Jektan, the son of Eber, lived.
Iectan the son of Eber lived.
Mambre (Gen. 12:18) The same is Chebron, where Abraham's tomb is. Mentioned above.
Mambre is called after one of Abraham's friends.
Mambre.
This is Chebron, beside which Abraham was buried, with Isaac and Jacob, of which we have spoken above.
It was called Mambre for one of the friends of Abraham.
Madiam [I] (Gen. 25:2). A city of one of the Madiam [I]. A city so called from one of the children of Abraham and Chettoura called Madiam [I]. It lies beyond Arabia to the south children of Abraham by Chettura. It is across
Arabia to the south in the desert of the Saracens in the desert of the Saracens, east of the Red Sea.
From this they are called Madianites, and it is now called Madiam. Scripture calls the daughters to the east of the Red Sea, whence they are called
Madianites and the region of Madian. We read also that the daughters of Jobab, the father-inlaw of Moses, are the daughters of Madiam.
There is another city of the same name [Madiam of Jobab the daughters of Madiam. There is another city there of the same name [Madiam II] near the Arnon and Areopolis which is pointed
II] near Arnon and Areopolis, whose ruins can out as deserted. still be seen now.
Moab [II] (Gen. 36:35). From Moab, the son Moab [II]. After one of the children of Lot who was called Moab, the city of Arabia, which of Lot, a city of Arabia now [called] Areopolis.
As above. The country is also called Moab [I], is now called Areopolis, as it is named, which we have also mentioned above. The region is also and the city Rabbath Moab. called Moab [I] from the name of the city.
Further, the city is properly called Rabbath Moab, that is, Great Moab.
Masreka (Gen. 36:36). A city of the Kingdom Masreca. A city of the Kingdom of Edom of Edom near Gebalene. near Gebalene.
Mabsar (Gen. 36:42). Even now the same is Mabsar. Up to the present day there is a large the very large village of Gebalene, subject to village called Mabsara belonging to the city of Petra.
Petra.
Magediel (Gen. 36:43). The same [is] of the Magediel. This is in the region of Gebalene, and formerly belonged to the rulers of Edom. princes of Edom in Gebalene.
From Exodus From Exodus Magdolos (Exod.
14: 2). A halt after the departure of Israel from Egypt when they crossed Magdolus. Here the children of Israel, when they came out of Egypt, arrived before they
the Red Sea. It is in Ezekiel: "From Magdolus as crossed the Red Sea. We also read in Ezekiel:
"From Magdolus up to Soene."' Further, Jeremiah mentions that Jews who had fled with him far as Soene" (Ezek. 29: 10). As in Jeremiah, where the Jews who followed Jeremiah dwelt in Egypt. to avoid the incursion of the Babylonians, dwelt in this city of Egypt.
Jerome Eusebius Merra. Which is translated Bitterness. This is Merra (Exod. 15:23ff.). Bitterness. A place in the place in which Moses turned bitter waters the desert, where Moses changed bitter water into into sweet by a stroke from a rod. sweet water by throwing a rod.
From Numbers and Deuternomy From Numbers and Deuteronomy Memoriae—that is '"tombs'"—of Lust. A camp of the children of Israel in the desert, when
Mnhemata epithumias (Num. 11:34). (Tombs of Lust), a halt of the children of Israel in the the wrath of God had arisen upon them for desert where those who. ate (human) flesh eating flesh. perished.
Maceloth. A camp of the children of Israel in Makeloth (Num. 33:25). A halt of the children the desert. of Israel in the desert.
Matheca. A camp of the children of Israel in Mathekka (Num.
33: 28). A halt of the the desert. children of Israel in the desert.
Masuruth. A camp of the children of Israel in Masourouth (Num. 33: 30). A halt of the the desert. children of Israel in the desert.
Maththane. Now called Maschana.
It is Maththanem (Num. 21:18). The same is now situated in Arnon twelve milestones away on called Maschana. It is on the Arnon 12 milethe east side of Medabus. stones east of Medaba.
Misor. A city of Og the King of Basan. Misor means "'flat places" and "'plains."
Misor (Deut. 3:10). City of Og, King of Basan.
Machanarath. The boundary of the city of Amman, which is also called Filadelfia.
Machanarath (Deut.
3: 17). Boundary of Amman, now Philadelphia.
Madbares. What we call desert, the Hebrews Madbaris (Deut. 4:43). A desert so called by call Madbarim. the Hebrews.
Misaida. A place of the children of Jakim in Misadai (Deut. 10:6). Of the sons of Jakim. A the desert, in which Aaron died. place in the desert, where Aaron died.
From the Book of Joshua From Joshua Maceda. Here Joshua shut five kings up in a Makeda (Josh. 10:10). Here Joshua shut five cave, whom he killed together with the King of kings up in a cave, when he had killed the King of Makeda. It fell to the tribe of Judah. Now it is 8
Maceda. It was in the tribe of Judah, and now is eight milestones from Eleutheropolis towards the milestones east of Eleutheropolis. east.
Madon. A city in which Jobab was king, Madon (Josh. 11:1). A city Jobab ruled, whom
Joshua attacked. against whom Joshua waged war.
2g Massefa. In the tribe of Judah, where Jephtha Massepha (Josh. 11:3). Tribe of Judah, where
lived, near Cariathiarim, where at one time the Jephtha lived, near Kariathiareim, in which the Ark once reposed, where Samuel was judge. Also
Ark of the Covenant was, and Samuel judged the people. Jeremiah also mentions it. in Jeremiah.
Merrom. Of Waters, beside which camps were Merran (Josh. 11:7). It is the water where they prepared for battle.
It is now the village of Merrous, 12 milestones from Sebaste [I] near Dothaeim. pitched when the army was drawn up for battle.
It is now a village called Merrus twelve milestones from the city of Sebaste [I] near Dothaim.
Jerome Eusebius Masrefoth Maim. Aquila translates MasreMastraiphoth Maim (Josh. 11:8). A.: Masfoth as waters, Symmachus as sea. traiphoth of the water; S.: Maistraphoth of the Sea.
Machathi. A city of Amorites across the Jordan near Mount Aermon, from which the Machathi (Josh. 12:5). A city of the Amorites near the Jordan, near Mount Aermon.
The children of Israel could not evict the Machildren of Israel did not expel the Machathi chathaites. from it.
Marom. Joshua took it and killed its king. It is Marom (Josh.
12: 20). This Joshua took, above as Marrus. killing its king. See above, under Marous.
Mageddo. This Joshua took, and killed its Maggeddo (Josh. 12:21). This Joshua took, king. When it fell to the lot of the tribe of Manasseh, it nevertheless did not possess it, bekilling its king. It fell to the tribe of Manasseh, which did not take it because it could not expel cause it could not expel the original inhabitants. the foreign tribe.
Misor. Aquila and Symmachus translate it Misor (Josh. 13:9, 16). A., S.: humble. A city humble.
It is a city of the tribe of Reuben, of the tribe of Reuben, set aside for Levites, in separated for Levites, in the region of Gebalene.
Gebalene.
Medaba. Up to today, a city of Arabia which Meddaba (Josh. 13:9). Even now there is a city keeps its ancient name, near Esebon. of Medaba in Arabia called this, near Esebon.
Mefaath. In the tribe of Benjamin. There is another one across the Jordan where there is a Mephaath (Josh. 13:18). Tribe of Benjamin.
There is another beyond the Jordan [Mephaath garrison of Roman soldiers on account of the neighbouring desert.
II], where there is a military garrison stationed beside the desert.
Masfa [I]. In the tribe of Gad, separated for Maspha [I] (Josh.
13: 26). Tribe of Gad,
Levites. There is also now another Masfa [II] in separated for Levites. There is another [Maspha the borders of Eleutheropolis to the north on the way to Aelia, which belongs to the tribe of Judah.
II] near Masseba (Josh. 15:38) within the borders of Eleutheropolis, in the north. There is also another [Maspha III], in the tribe of Judah, on the way to Ailia.
Manaim. In the tribe of Gad, separated for Manaeim (Josh. 13: 26). Tribe of Gad, set
Levites, in the region of Galaad. aside for Levites, in Galaaditis.
Moladab. In the tribe of Judah or Simeon.
Molada (Josh.
15: 26). Tribe of Judah or Simeon.
Medebena (Josh. 15:31). Tribe of Judah. Now Medemena. In the tribe of Judah, as Isaiah it is Menoeis near the small city of Gaza. It is in mentions. It is now the town of Menois beside the Isaiah. city of Gaza.
Magdala. In the tribe of Judah.
Maresa. In the tribe of Judah, now to a great Magdala (Josh. 15:37). Tribe of Judah.
Maresa (Josh. 15:44). Tribe of Judah. It is now a deserted site about 2 milestones from Eleutherextent a ruin at the second milestone from Eleutheropolis. opolis.
Maon [I]. In the tribe of Judah, east of Daroma.
Maon [I] (Josh. 15:55). Tribe of Judah. In the east of Daroma.
Maroth. In the tribe of Judah.
Maddi. In the tribe of Judah.
Masfa [IV]. In the tribe of Benjamin.
Maroth (Josh. 15:59). Tribe of Judah.
Maddei (Josh. 15:61). Tribe of Judah.
Maspha [IV] (Josh. 18:26). Tribe of Benjamin. ee
Eusebius Jerome Machthoth (Josh. 17:7). Tribe of Manasseh.
Marala (Josh. 19:11). The steps of Zebulon.
Masan (Josh. 19:26). The lot of Asher. It is connected with Karmelos [II] on the sea. A city
Machthoth. In the tribe of Manasseh.
Marala. The steps of Zebulon.
Masan. In the tribe of Asher near Carmel-onthe-Sea, a separate city for Levites. set apart for Levites.
Meeleph (Josh. 19:33). Boundary of Naphthali.
Magdiel [I] (Josh. 19:38). The lot of NaphMeeleb. The boundary of Naphthali.
Magdiel [I]. In the tribe of Naphthali. Today thali. It is still a large village [Magdiel II] 5 it is shown as a small village [Magdiel II] five milestones from Dor on the way to Ptolemais. milestones from Dora on the way to Ptolemais.
From Judges From the Book of Judges Mosfethaim. Aquila translates it lots, Symmachus neighbourhoods.
Mosphetham (Judg.
5: 16). A.:
lots; S.: neighbourhoods.
More (Judg. 7:1). A hill so called.
More. The name of a hill, which is debated more fully in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
Menneth (Judg. 11:33). Jephtha fought here.
Now it is the village of Maanith 4 milestones from Esbos for those going to Philadelphia.
Mennith. Where Jephtha gave battle. Now the
village of Mannith is pointed out four milestones from Esbus on the way to Philadelphia.
Machmas (1 Sam. 13: 12). It is now a very Machmas. Up to today a large village is shown in the borders of Aelia which keeps its large village in the borders of Ailia called Machmas about 9 milestones from Rama [I]. ancient name, nine miles away from it beside the village of Rama [I].
From the Books of Kings From Kingdoms Messab (1 Sam. 14:2). Of the foreign tribes,
Messab. An enemy town near Gabaa. near Gaba [III].
Magdon or Magron. Where Saul settled.
Magdon or Magron (1 Sam. 14:2). Where Saul lived.
Massefa. In Moab, to which David came as a Massepha of Moab (1 Sam. 22: 3). Here David came in flight from Saul. fugitive, when he avoided Saul's ambush.
Masereth. Where David settled, now deserted.
Aquila translated it as fortifications, Symmachus Masereth (1 Sam. 23:14). Desert, where David dwelt. A.: in the strongholds; S.: in the refuges; as refuges, Theodotion as caves.
Th.: in the caves.
Masbac. An enemy city of King Hadadezer.
Masbak (2 Sam. 8:8). A city of the foreign tribesmen, of King Hadadezer.
Mela. That is, Gemela, which Aquila and Symmachus translate the Valley of Salt. We also spoke of it above.
Mela, Gemela (2 Sam. 8:13). A., S.: Valley of Salt.
Maacha (2 Sam. 10:6). The country of the Maacha. A region of the King of Gesur.
Kings of Gessour.
Modeim. A village next to Diospolis [I], where Modeeim (1 Macc.
2: 1). A village near the Maccabees were, and where today their Diospolis [I] where the Maccabees were, and where their tombs are still now shown. tombs are shown. Well, I have to say I wonder why they display their remains in Antioch, and
Jerome Eusebius whether this was believed by a certain author.
Mabsar of Tyre. Aquila and Symmachus Mapsar of Tyre (2 Sam. 24:7). A.: Defence of Tyre; S.: the Stronghold of Tyre. translate as fortified Tyre.
Magao. A city Solomon built.
Meeber. Aquila translates apo peran, SymmaMasa (1 Kgs. 2:35; 9:15). A city Solomon built.
Meebra (1 Kgs. 4:12). A.: from the other side; chus ex enantias, that is, ''across'' or '"'against."
S.: from opposite.
Maces. A city of one of the princes of Solomon.
Makes (1 Kgs. 4:9). A city of the princes of Solomon.
Mello. A city Solomon built. Further, Symmachus and Theodotion translate it as filling-up. is Melo (1 Kgs. 9:15). A city Solomon built. S.,
Th.: completion.
This is discussed more fully in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
Maedam. A city Solomon built.
Menmfis. A city of Egypt, which Hosea, Ezekiel and Jeremiah mention. Also Jews, who emigrated with Jeremiah as refugees from Jerusalem, lived in Memfis.
Maidan (1 Kgs. 9:15). A city Solomon built.
Memphis (Hos. 9: 6). In Hosea. A city of Egypt. In Ezekiel. In Jeremiah: the Jews [who followed] Jeremiah dwelt in Memphis.
Machaas. In Hosea, which Aquila and Symmachus translate lusts.
Macha (Hos. 9:16). In Hosea. A., S.: lusts.
Miletus. A city of Asia, about which Ezekiel Miletos (Ezek. 27:18). A city of Asia. It is in writes.
Ezekiel.
Mariboth. Ezekiel mentions it, saying: "As far Mariboth (Ezek. 48:28). "Up to the water of Mariboth," Ezekiel. A.: an object of litigation; S.: as the water of Mariboth.'"' Aquila translates it disputes, Symmachus as altercations or contracontroversy. dictions.
Morasthi. Where Micah the Prophet came. It Morathei (Micah 1: 1). Where Micah the Prophet came, to the east of Eleutheropolis. a village to the east of Eleutheropolis.
Masagam. A region of Moabites, as Jeremiah iS Masogam (Jer. 48:1). Land of Moab [I], as writes.
Jeremiah.
Misor. A region of Moab in Jeremiah.
Misor (Jer. 48: 21). Land of Moab [lI], as Jeremiah.
Mofath. A region of Moabites, as we read in Mophath (Jer. 48:21). Land of Moab [I], as Jeremiah. See above as Mefaath.
Jeremiah. Above as Mephaath.
Maon [II]. A region of the Moabites, accordMaon [II] (Jer. 48:23). Land of Moab [I], as ing to Jeremiah.
Jeremiah.
Melchom. An idol of the Ammonites, as Molchom (Jer. 49:1). An idol of Ammon [I], as Jeremiah writes.
Jeremiah.
Magedan. To whose borders the Evangelist Matthew writes that the Lord came.
Mark Magedan (Matt. 15: 39). According to Matthew, Christ came to the borders of Magedan.
Mark (8:10) also mentions Magedan. It is now records the same name also. Now the region is called Magedena near Gerasa.
Magedane beyond Gerasa.
Jerome Eusebius From the Five Books of Moses From the Pentateuch Naid. The land where Cain dwelt. It is changed
Naid (Gen. 4:16). The land where Cain lived. It * 1s translated "'tossing." into salon, that is, "moved" or "flowing."
Nineveh [I]. A city of the Assyrians which Ashur built when he came from the land of Sennaar [I]. Even today there is another city of 137,
Nineveh [I] (Gen. 10:11). A city of Assyrians which Ashur built when he came from the land of Sennaar [I]. There is even until now a city of Jews
Jews called Nineveh [II] in the corner of Arabia, which now they corruptly call Neneven. called Nineveh [II] near Gonia [II] in Arabia.
Naaleil. A camp of the children of Israel Naaliel (Num. 21:19). Near the Arnon, a halt beside the Arnon. of the children of Israel.
Nabau [I]. In Hebrew it is called Nebo, a mountain across the Jordan opposite Jericho in Nabau [I] (Num. 32:3). A mountain across the Jordan opposite Jericho in the land of Moab, where Moses died. It is pointed out even until today at the sixth milestone eastwards of Esbos. the land of Moab, where Moses died. Until today it is pointed out at the sixth milestone east of the city of Esbus.
Nabo. A city of the children of Reuben in the Naboth [iI] (Num. 32: 38). A city of the region of Galaad, which Isaiah mentions in the children of Reuben in the land of Galaad which vision against Moab, and [also] Jeremiah. It is in Isaiah also mentions in his vision against Moab; fact the name of a certain man called Nabau, who likewise Jeremiah.
There is a man's name called Canath and other villages round about it from his own name, Naboth [I]. Even until today
Naboth, and from the same Naboth Kanath and villages about it were named. Now Nabau a desert place [called] Naba is pointed out eight
[II] is pointed out as a deserted place, 8 milemiles south of Esbus. stones southwards of Esbos.
Nageb. The south is called Nageb by the Nageb (Num. 34:3). South in Hebrew. S.: midHebrews, which Symmachus translates as midday. day. It is a fact that the same region is called by the Hebrew tribes by the names of Nageb, Theman [II], and Daram, which we can translate south, afric, and mid-day or south-wind.
From the Book of Joshua From Joshua Nefeddor. Symmachus translates as maritime.
Dor is a city now deserted, nine milestones from Naphethdor (Josh. 11:2). S.: Dora-by-the-sea.
It is nine milestones from Caesarea.
Caesarea for those going to Ptolemais.
Naftho. The name of a spring in the tribe of Naphtho (Josh. 15:9). A spring of water so Benjamin. called. Tribe of Benjamin.
Naam. A city of the tribe of Judah.
Naam (Josh. 15:41). A city of the tribe of Judah.
To:
Jerome Eusebius Neesib. In the tribe of Judah. It is now called Nesib (Josh. 15:43). Tribe of Judah. Nasib is 9
Nasibi, seven milestones from Eleutheropolis on milestones from Eleutheropolis towards Chebthe way to Chebron. ron.
Nepsam. In the tribe of Judah.
Naaratha. In the tribe of Ephraim. Now it is Nebpsan (Josh. 15:62). Tribe of Judah.
Naaratha (Josh. 16:7). Tribe of Ephraim. Now Naorath, a small village of Jews five milestones it is Noorath, a village of Jews 5 milestones from from Jericho.
Jericho.
Nafeth. In the tribe of Manasseh.
Naalol. In the tribe of Zabulon, a separate city Napheth (Josh. 17:11). Tribe of Manasseh.
Naalol (Josh. 19:15). The lot of Zabulon, a city
for Levites. set apart for Levites.
Neceb. In the tribe of Naphthali.
Nekeb (Josh. 19:33). Tribe of Naphthali.
From the Book of Judges From Judges Neela. Zabulon could not drive the foreigners
Neela (Judg. 1:30). Zabulon did not expel the out from here. Even today there is a village in Batanaea called Neila. other tribes from it. Neeila is in the Batanaea.
Nabe or Nobba. Gideon went up to it. A Nobba (Judg. 8:11). Where Gideon went up to. separate city for priests, which, we read, was overthrown afterwards by the anger of Saul.
It was a city of priests which Saul destroyed.
Nemra. A city of the town of Reuben in the Nemra (Josh. 13:27). A city of Reuben in the land of Galaad. Until the present time it is the land of Galaad. Now it is the very large village of Namara in the Batanaea. large village of Namara in the region of Batanaea.
From the Books of Kings From Kingdoms Nauioth. A place in Rama [I], where David Nauooth (1 Sam. 19:18). In Rama [I]. A city which David built. lived. We spoke of it in the Books of Hebrew
Questions.
Nachon. The area of Nachon, which Aquila Nachon (2 Sam. 6:6). The threshing-floor of Nachon. A.: a prepared threshing-floor. translates a prepared area.
Nefath. A city of one of Solomon's princes.
Nephath (1 Kgs. 4:11). A city of the princes of Solomon.
Nerigel. The Samaritans who had left Babylon Nerigel (2 Kgs.
17: 30). Samaritans from Babylon built it in Judaea. built it in the region of Judaea.
Nezab. The Hivites built it in the land of Nazeb (2 Kgs. 17:31). This the Hivites built in Judaea.
Judaea.
Nesarech. An idol of the Assyrians.
Nemerim. Isaiah mentions it in the vision Nesarach (2 Kgs. 19:37). Idol of the Assyrians.
Nebereim (Isa. 15: 6). Isaiah in the vision against Moab [I], and Jeremiah. Now it is a against the Moabites, also Jeremiah. It is now
Bennamareim north of Zoor. village called Bennamarim on the north side of Zoar.
Nebeoth. A region about which Isaiah writes.
Nabeoth (Isa. 60:7). A country in Isaiah.
Jerome Eusebius From the Gospels From the Gospels Nazareth. Whence our Lord and Saviour is
Nazareth (Matt. 2:23). From which Christ is called a Nazarene. We whom they call Christians now are also spoken of by the ancient writers as Nazarenes as a term of abuse. Even until today called a Nazarene, and we, who are now called
Christians, formerly Nazarenes. Even until today
it is in Galilee opposite Legio, about 15 milethere is a small village in Galilee opposite Legio, stones away to the east near to Mount Thabor. fifteen milestones from it, on the east side near
Mount Thabor, called Nazara.
Naim. A town in which the Lord raised the widow's son from the dead. Until today it is
Naein (Luke 7:11). A village in which he raised the widow's son from the dead. Now it is 12 pointed out two milestones from Mount Thabor towards the south near Aendor. milestones south of Thabor near Aendor.
Jerome Eusebius From the Book of Joshua From Joshua Xil. In the tribe of Judah.
Xil (Josh. 15:30). Tribe of Judah.
Tae
QC [MICRON]
Jerome Eusebius 'From Genesis From Genesis Orech. A city of the kingdom of Nimrod in Orech (Gen. 10:10). A city of the Kingdom of Nimrod in Babylon.
Babylon.
Ur of the Chaldees. Where Haran the brother Our of the Chaldees (Gen. 11: 28). Here of Abraham died, whose tomb is shown today, as Josephus mentions. With regard [to] what we
Haran, Abraham's brother, died, and the tomb is still shown even now. Josephus speaks of it (Ant. think, we have spoken of it in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
ETL):
Ulammaus. It is written in Hebrew as Luza [I].
Oulammaous (Gen. 28: 19). In Hebrew it is Louza [I]. The same place was also called Louza
It is the same as Bethel, as I said above. But there is also a certain village called Ullama pointed out
[I] and then Baithel. It is mentioned above. There twelve milestones east of Diocaesarea. is also another Oullama 12 milestones east of Diocesarea.
Olibama. A city of the princes of Edom.
Olibama (Gen. 36:14). A city of the princes of Edom.
Odollam. We spoke of it above.
Isaiah Odollam (Gen.
38: 1). As above.
Isaiah mentions it also. mentions it.
From Exodus From Exodus Othom (Exod. 13:20). The second halt they Othon. Where the children of Israel encamped for the second time, setting out from Succoth reached when they came out of Egypt. beside the desert when they came out of Egypt.
From the Book of Joshua From Joshua Ofer. And this Joshua took, killing its king.
Opher (Josh. 12:17). This Joshua besieged, and killed its king.
Oolei (Josh. 18:25). A city of the lot of Asher.
Ophra (1 Sam. 13:17). The Ophra road to [the
Ooli. A city in the tribe of Asher.
Ofra. The Ofra road leading to the land of
Soal. land of] Soal.
This O we read as a short letter, albeit we pronounce it as a long letter.
Us. Where Job came from the region of Ous (Job 1:1). Where Job came. In the land of Ausitidis. One of the descendants of Esau was
Ausitidis. Ous also was [one of] the sons of Esau. called Us, as we said in the Books of Hebrew
Questions.
Jerome Eusebius From the Pentateuch of Moses From the Pentateuch Petra (Judg. 1:36). A city in the land of Edom
Petra. A city of Arabia in the land of Edom, which was called Iechthael, and is called Recem
'in Arabia which was called Iechthoel, and which [I] by the Syrians. is also called Rekem [I] by the Assyrians.
Jerome Eusebius From the Pentateuch of Moses From the Pentateuch Rooboth [I]. A city of the Assyrians which Ashur built when he came out of the land of Rooboth |Ij (Gen.
10: 11). A city of the Assyrians where Ashur lived when he came from Sennaar [I]. We have spoken more fully about the land of Shinar [I]. this in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
Rooboth [II]. Another city near the rivers where the King of Edom was. Up until today it is
Rooboth [II] (Gen.
36: 37). Another city "beside a river," whence was the King of the Idumaeans. Now it is a garrison in the Gebalene. a garrison in the region of Gebalena and a large village is called by that name.
Ramesse. A city which the children of Israel Ramesse (Exod. 1:11). A city the children of built in Egypt. Formerly it was the name of the whole province in which Jacob dwelt with his
Israel built in Egypt. Formerly also the whole country was called this, which Jacob inhabited at children. the same time as his children.
Roob [I]. The scouts whom Joshua the son of Nun sent crossed it. Even today the village of Rooba four milestones from Scythopolis is called
Roob [I] (Num.
13: 21). Through which Joshua's scouts came. Roob [II] is a village at the fourth milestone from Scythopolis. It was set this, and was separated for Levites. apart for Levites.
Rafaca. In the desert, where the children of Raphaka (Num. 33:12). A halt of the children of Israel in the desert.
Israel encamped.
Rafidim. A place in the desert near Mount Raphidim (Num. 33:14). A place in the desert near Mount Choreb. It was here that the waters
Choreb, in which water flowed from the rock. It is known as Striving, where indeed Joshua fought
Amalek on account of Faran. flowed from the rock in Mount Choreb. And the place is called Temptation. Here Joshua made war on Amalek near Pharan.
Rathma. A camp of the children of Israel in 145 Rathma (Num. 33:18). A halt of the children of Israel in the desert.
the desert.
Jerome Eusebius Remmonfares. Where the children of Israel Remmon Phares (Num. 33:19). A halt of the encamped. children of Israel.
Ressa. A camp of the children of Israel.
Ressa (Num. 33:21). A halt of the children of Israel.
Ramoth. In the tribe of Gad, a priestly city Ramoth (Deut. 4: 43). A priestly city of the and one for fugitives in the land of Galaad. Now tribe of Gad, for fugitives, in Galaaditis. Now it it is a village fifteen milestones east of Philadelis 15 milestones to the west of Philadelphia. phia.
Recem [I]. This is Petra, a city of Arabia, in which there reigned Recem, whom the children of Rekem [I] (Num. 31:8). The same is the city of Petra in Arabia. It was ruled by Rekem, whom
Israel slew. It is said he was also King of Madiam the children of Israel slew. It is said also that he
[IT]. was King of Madiam [II].
From the Book of Joshua From Joshua Remmon [II]. In the tribe of Simeon or Judah.
Today it is a village called Remmon [III] beside Remmon [II] (Josh. 15:32). Tribe of Simeon or Judah. Now Remmon [II]] is a village near Ailia
Aelia fifteen milestones north.
15 milestones away in the north.
Rogel (Josh. 18:16). A spring so called. In the Rogel. The name of a spring in the tribe of Benjamin. lot of Benjamin.
Rama [I]. The city of Saul in the tribe of Benjamin six milestones from Aelia on the northern side opposite Bethel. Jeremiah also mentions it (31:15, 40:1).
Rama [I] (Josh. 18:25). Tribe of Benjamin, a city of Saul 6 milestones north of Ailia opposite
Baithel.
Recem [II]. In the tribe of Benjamin.
Remmon [IV]. The rock of Remmon in the Rekem [II] (Josh. 18:27). Tribe of Benjamin.
Remmon [IV] (Josh.
19: 13). The rock of Remmon. The lot of Simeon [Remmon V] or tribe of Simeon [Remmon V] or Zabulon [Remmon VI].
Zabulon [Remmon VI].
Rabboth. In the tribe of Issachar. Even today Rabboth (Josh. 19: 20). The lot of Issachar.
Even until today there is another village in [sic] Robbo within the borders of Eleutheropolis towards the east. there is another village of Rebbo within the borders of Eleutheropolis to the east.
Rethom. In the tribe of Issachar.
Roob [III]. In the tribe of Asher, a separate Rethom (Josh. 19:21). Lot of Issachar.
Roob [III] (Josh. 19:28). Lot of Asher. A city city for Levites. set apart for Levites.
Rama [II]. In the tribe of Asher as far as the Rama [II] (Josh. 19:29). Lot of Asher, until fortified city of the Tyrians. today a fortified city of Tyrians.
Rama [III]. In the tribe of Naphthali.
Rama [III] (Josh. 19:36). Lot of Naphthali.
Albeit the same names are given to villages in different tribes because while they seem to sound the same to us, they are spelt by the Hebrews with different letters.
Reccath. In the tribe of Naphthali.
Rekkath (Josh. 19:35). Of the lot of Naphthali.
Eusebius Jerome Rouma (Judg.
9: 41). Also Arima.
Here Abimelech dwelt. In Judges. It is now called Ruma. This also is Arima, where Abimelech dwelt, as is written in the Book of Judges. Now it is called Remfthis.
It is in the borders of Remphis, and is in the borders of Diospolis [I]. It Diospolis [I], and now called Arimathaea by many people. is Arimathaea.
From the Books of Kings From Kingdoms
Remmath. To which David sent part of the Remmoth (1 Sam.
30: 26ff.). Here David divided the spoils. booty.
Rachel. To which David sent part of the spoils.
Rachel (1 Sam. 30:26, 29). Here David divided the spoils.
Remmoth Galaad. A village across the Jordan near the Brook Iaboc. We spoke of it
Remmoth Galaad (1 Kgs. 4:13). It is now a village in the Peraea near the River Iabok. As above. above.
Rabbath. A city of the Kingdom of Ammon Rabbath (2 Sam.
12: 26). A city of the Kingdom of Ammon [I]. The same is Philadel- [I], now Philadelphia. Jeremiah mentions it. phia. Jeremiah also mentions it.
Roos. David crossed over it. Aquila and Symmachus translate it as stronghold.
Raos (2 Sam. 15:31). Here David came. A., S.: the mountain-top.
Rogellim. Where Berzelli the Galaadite, the Rogellein (2 Sam. 17:27). Where Bersellein the friend of David, came.
Galaadite came.
Rafaim. The valley of the other tribes on the Raphaein (2 Sam. 23: 13). A valley of the north side of Jerusalem. foreign tribes north of Jerusalem.
Remman. A city of the Kings of Syria near Damascus.
Remman (2 Kgs. 5:18). A city of the Kings of Syria near Damascus.
Reth. This King Asa struck.
Rathem. Aquila translates it arkeuthon, that is, Reth (1 Kgs. 15:20). This King Asa attacked.
Rathem (1 Kgs. 19:4). A.: juniper; S.: shelter. a juniper; Symmachus, an arbor.
Remmon [VII]. This Isaiah mentions in the Remmon [VII] (Isa. 15:9). Isaiah in the vision vision against Moab [I]. against the Moabites.
Rasef. A city of Syria.
Rafeth. A city of the Assyrians in the region of Theman [I], which is written about in Isaiah.
Raseph (Isa. 37:12). A city of Syria.
Rapheth (Isa. 37: 12). A city in the land of Thaiman of the Assyrians. In Isaiah.
Rebla. In the land of Emath [I], whence the Rebla (2 Kgs. 23:33). In the land of Aimath victorious Pharaoh carried off Joachaz prisoner
[II], where Pharaoh let Joachaz go. to Egypt.
Remma. A mountain in Isaiah, which Aquila Remma (Amos 4:3). A mountain in Isaiah. A.:
Mount Ermon; S.: in Armenia. There is also a translates Mount Emmona and Symmachus, in Armenia. There is the village of Remmus in Daroma. Further, in the Books of Kings the House of Remmam is mentioned as that of the village of En Remmous in Daroma. In Kingdoms
Remman is the dwelling of an idol of Damascus (2 Kgs. 5:18). idol of Damascus.
Reblatha. A region or city of the Babylonians, Reblatha (2 Kgs. 25: 6). Land of the Babywhich is now called Antioch. lonians.
Jerome Eusebius Ramale. Aquila translates: It will be exalted. It Ramade (Zech. 14:10). A.: He will be exalted.
is written in Zechariah. There is also another 148 In Zechariah. It is also Rama [I] of Benjamin place in the tribe of Benjamin near Bethlehem, near Bethlehem, whence ''a voice was heard in Rama [I]." about which it is said: ""A voice was heard in -Rama [I]." This is discussed more fully in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
Rhinocorura. A city of Egypt that Isaiah Rinokoroura (Isa. 27: 12). Isaiah. A city of mentions.
It is known that this word is not mentioned in Hebrew books, but was added by Egypt. the Septuagint translators in their notice of the place.
8&2
Jerome Eusebius As we said in the Book of Hebrew Names (and even now under the title of the letter S it seems noteworthy), among the Hebrews there are three letters S, that is: Samech, Sade and Sin. Whereas for the Greeks and Latins these have a similar sound, in their language they are pronounced in different ways. So it happens that the same names appear to us with diverse sounds, and have more than these letters. The places and cities and villages are rendered not from one, but from three letters.
From Genesis From Genesis Sidon. A famous Phoenician city, at one time Sidon (Gen. 10:15). A famous Phoenician city.
Formerly it was the northern border of the Canaanites, the boundary of Judaea, after which the northern boundary of the Canaanites and later of the region of Judaea. It fell to the lot of the tribe of Asher, but they did not take it, it became the inheritance of Israel. It fell to the because in no way could they drive out their lot of the tribe of Asher, but the tribe of Asher enemies. did not expel the foreign tribes, as Scripture says.
Sennaar [I]. The plain of Babylon where the Sennaar [I] (Gen. 11:2ff.). A plain of Babylon where the tower was built. Ashur [II] came from tower was built. From here Ashur set out and built Nineveh. Josephus also mentions this place here and built Nineveh. Josephus mentions it also in the First Book of the Antiquities, writing as in the First Book of the Antiquities, saying: follows:
As regards the plain called Sennaar [I] in the land of Concerning the plain which is called Sennaar [I] in Babylonia, Hestaios mentions it, saying: "Certain the region of Babylonia the historian Estiaeus says: priests who fled took sacred vessels from [the temple
"Certain of the priests who fled from the temple of of Zeus] of Ennalios, [and] came to Sennaar in Enyalius Jupiter took the sacred vessels and came to Babylonia" (Ant. 1:119). the plain of Sennaar in Babylonia."
Sychem and Salem [II], which in Latin and 1Ey Suchem [I] (Gen. 12:6). Also Sikima, and also
Salem [II] (Gen. 33:18). A city of Jacob, now a
Greek is called Sicima, a city of Jacob, now deserted. The place is pointed out in the suburbs desert. The place is pointed out in the suburbs of of Neapolis near Joseph's tomb. Abimelech overthrew it and sowed it with salt, as is written
Neapolis, where also Joseph's grave remains and is shown. Abimelech overthrew it and sowed it in the Book of Judges. Afterwards indeed it was with salt, as in Judges (9:45). Jeroboam restored restored by Jeroboam, as the history of the Kings it, as in Kings (1 Kgs. 12:25). It is in the borders tells. It is situated on the borders of the tribe of Ephraim. Also the son of Emmor was called
Sychem, from which the place takes its name.
There was also another Sychem in Mount Ephraim, a city for fugitives. of the lot of Ephraim. The son of Emmor was called Suchem, whence also the place-name.
There is also a Suchem [II] in Mount Ephraim, a city of refuge.
Jerome Eusebius Sennaar [I]. Whence came Amraphel, who made war against the Kings of the Sodomites.
Sennaar [I] (Gen. 14:1). Where Amraphel was who made war against those round Sodom.
Sodoma. A city of sinful men which was consumed by divine fire, beside the Dead Sea.
Sodoma (Gen. 14: 2). A city of sinful men which was burnt near the Dead Sea.
Seboim. This city of sinful men was swallowed Seboeim (Gen. 14: 2). A city of sinful men up in eternal ashes, next to the city of the former
Sodom. burnt near the Sodomites.
Sofera. A mountain of the east in India, beside Sopheira (Gen. 10:30). A mountain of the east, towards India, where lived the sons of Iektan the which the sons of Iectan the son of Eber dwelt, whom Josephus says came from the River Cofene and the regions of India as far as what is called son of Eber, of whom Josephus says (Ant. 1: 147):
"They are in possession from the River Kophethe region of Ieria. Also Solomon's fleet took away trade goods from there every three years. nos, both of India and of Syria."
From there too the fleet brought a cargo to Solomon every third year (1 Kgs. 10:22).
Soora. A city beside Sodoma, which is also Soora (Gen. 14:2). A city of the country round
Sodom, also called Sigor and Zoora.
Segor and Zoara, of which we spoke above.
Saue. An ancient city in which the Ommaei (=Amorites) lived, a strong people, above the Saue (Gen. 14:5). An ancient city in which the Amorites dwelt, a people above the Sodomite region of Sodoma, which Chodollagomor de- [country]. Chodollagomor destroyed them. stroyed.
Seir. A mountain in the land of Edom in which Seeir (Gen. 14:6). A mountain in the land of Edom where Esau lived in the Gebalene, called
Esau dwelt, in the Gebalene region, which, because Esau was hairy and shaggy, Seir, that after Esau: for he was hairy, and altogether
is, hairy, takes its name from it. Long ago Chorraeus, whom Chodollagomor slew, lived in shaggy; they translate Seeir as hairy. Scripture
says (Deut. 2: 12) that before Esau Chorraios these places. Isaiah mentions Mount Seir in his lived in the place and called it Seeir. Chodollagomor killed him. Isaiah (Isa. 21: 1) likewise mentions Seeir in the vision of Idoumaea. vision of Idumaea.
Salem [II] (Gen. 14: 18). City of Sikimon, which is Sychem, as Scripture says. There is also
Salem [II]. The city of Sicimites which is Sychem. Also another village of this name [Salem
III] is pointed out even in the present day beside another village [vacat| Aelia on the western side. Also, eight milestones from Scythopolis, a hamlet in the plain is called
Salumias. Josephus indeed states that Salem [I] is where Melchisedek reigned, which afterwards was called Solyma, and eventually took the name
Ierosolyma [Jerusalem].
Sour (Gen. 16:7). [vacat] Sur. Where the angel found Sarah's bondmaid Hagar between Cades and Barad. The Desert of Sur stretches as far as the Red Sea, which reaches the boundaries of Egypt. Further, the Desert of Cades is above the city of Petra. Scripture also relates that the Desert of Cades faces Egypt, and
Eusebius Jerome that the Hebrews first came to it after crossing the Red Sea.
Segor (Gen. 19:22). [...] it exists until today.
Segor. Which is both Bala and Zoara, one of Isaiah (Isa. 15:5) mentions it in the vision against Moab [I]. the five cities of the Sodomites, which was saved from the fire by the prayers of Lot, and which is pointed out even now. We mentioned it above.
Skenai (Gen. 33:17). Where Jacob dwelt in Scenz. That is, the Tents, the place where
Jacob dwelt when he returned from Mesopotatents when he came from Mesopotamia. mia, which is called Socchoth [I] in Hebrew.
From Exodus From Exodus Socchoth [I]. The first halt of the children of Sokchoth [I] (Exod. 12:37). The first halt of Israel in the desert after they set out from Egypt, the children of Israel in the desert before the Red before they crossed the Red Sea.
Sea, when they came out of Egypt.
Sin. The desert between the Red Sea and the Sin (Exod.
16: 1). The desert that stretches between the Red Sea and the Sinai desert. For Wilderness of Sinai. Thus the children of Israel after Sin they came to Raphidin, and after that
came from the Desert of Sin to Rafidim, and W aye} the desert of Sinai, beside Mount Sinai, where
Moses received the revelation of the law. from Rafidim to the Sinai desert near Mount
Sinai, where Moses received the tables of stone.
Scripture says that the same Sinai desert is that of Scripture says that the desert of Sin is called the same as Kades [I] by the Hebrews, but not by the Cades; this is according to the Hebrews, but not held by the translators of the Septuagint.
Septuagint.
From Numbers and Deuteronomy From Numbers and Deuteronomy Selmona. A camp of the children of Israel in Selmona (Num. 33:41). A halt of the children the desert. of Israel in the desert.
Safar. The Mountain of Safar in the desert, a camp of the children of Israel.
Saphar (Num. 33:23). Mount Saphar. A halt in the desert of the children of Israel.
Sattim. Where the people were polluted by Sattein (Num. 25:1). Where the people were fornication with the daughters of Moab. It is profaned, committing adultery with the daughbeside Mount Fogor, from which Joshua also ters of Moab. It lies near Mount Phogor.
From sent out scouts to investigate and become here too Joshua sent scouts out to Jericho. acquainted with Jericho.
Sabama. A city of Moab [I] in the land of Sabama (Num. 32:3, 38). A city of Moab [I] in Galaad, which the tribe of Reuben took. Isaiah
Galaad, which fell into the possession of the tribe of Reuben. Isaiah also mentions this in his vision also mentions it in the vision against Moab. against Moab.
Selcha. A city of Og's kingdom in the region of Selcha (Deut. 3:10). A city of King Og in Basanitis.
Basanitis.
Senna [I]. The boundary of Judaea. Even today a village is pointed out seven milestones from Jericho on the north side, called MagdalSenna [I] (Num. 34:4). Boundary of Judaea. It is now Magdalsenna at the eighth milestone northwards of Jericho. senna, which is translated "'the Tower of Senna."
Jerome Eusebius Sefama. The boundary of Judaea to the east.
Sephama (Num. 34:10). Boundary of Judaea eastwards.
Sadada. The boundary of Judaea.
Sadada (Num. 34:8). Boundary of Judaea.
| From the Book of Joshua From Joshua Someron [I]. This Joshua took, killing its king.
They say now that it is called instead Sebaste [I], Someron [I] (Josh. 12:20). This Joshua took, killing its king. They say it is Sebaste [I], now a small town in Palestine. It is said in Kings (1 Kgs. a town of Palestine, where the relics of St. John the Baptist are to be found. We read in the Book
16: 24) that Omri, King of Israel, bought the mountain of Semeron [I] from Shemer, and built of Kings that Omri, King of Israel, would have bought Mount Someron [II] from a certain Shemer, and would have built a city on its cliff, which he would call Semeron [I] from the name a city on it, and called it Semeron after Shemer. of its owner.
Seira [I]. This Joshua took.
Selcha. A city in the Basanitis region.
Sior [I]. A place facing Egypt. Today also a 157, Seeira [I] (Josh. 11:17). This Joshua took.
Selcha (Josh. 13:11). A city in Basanitis.
Sior [I] (Josh. 15:54). Opposite Egypt. There is
village is pointed out called Sior [II] between also a village of Sior [II] between Ailia and Aelia and Eleutheropolis in the tribe of Judah. It
Eleutheropolis. Tribe of Judah. is discussed more fully in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
Saorth. In the tribe of Reuben across the Saorth (Josh. 13:19). Tribe of Reuben beyond the Jordan.
Jordan.
Sachoth (Josh. 13:27). Tribe of Gad beyond Sachoth.
In the tribe of Gad across the the Jordan.
Jordan.
Saphon (Josh. 13:27). Tribe of Gad beyond the Safon. In the tribe of Gad across the Jordan.
Jordan.
Sacharona. In the tribe of Judah.
Samen. In the tribe of Judah.
Saal. In the tribe of Judah or Simeon.
Sachoran (Josh. 15:11). Tribe of Judah.
Sama (Josh. 15:26). Tribe of Judah.
Soual (Josh. 15:28). Tribe of Judah or Simeon.
Sikelag (Josh. 15:31). This Achish gave David.
Secelec. This Achish, King of the foreigners, gave David to live in.
Tribe of Judah or Simeon in Daroma.
Sansana. In the tribe of Judah.
Sansana (Josh. 15:31). Tribe of Judah.
Saleei (Josh. 15:32). Tribe of Judah.
Saraa (Josh.
15: 33). A village within the Selei. In the tribe of Judah.
Saara. A village within the border of Eleutherborders of Eleutheropolis towards the north, about 10 milestones away on the way to opolis about ten milestones towards the north on the way to Nicopolis, in the tribe of Dan or Nikopolis. Tribe of Dan and also of Judah.
Judah.
Sokcho [I & II] (Josh. 15:35). There are two Soccho [I & II]. In the tribe of Judah. There villages on the way from Eleutheropolis to Ailia are even today two villages on the way to Aelia from Eleutheropolis nine milestones along the highway, which are called Socchoth [II]. One is at the ninth milestone, one above, one below, both called Sokchoth [II]. Tribe of Judah. situated in the mountain, and the other in the plain.
Eusebius Jerome Saraein (Josh. 15:36). Tribe of Judah.
Sennaan (Josh. 15:37). Tribe of Judah.
Sapheir [I] (Josh. 15:48). It is a village [Sapheir Sarain. In the tribe of Judah.
Senam. In the tribe of Judah.
Safir [I]. A village [Safir I] in the mountains II] between Eleutheropolis and Askalon, tribe of Judah. situated between Eleutheropolis and Ascalon in the tribe of Judah.
Sokcho [ITI] (Josh. 15:48). As above. They say Soccho [III]. As mentioned above. They say
' Samaritans from Babylon built it [Sokcho IV]. that Samaritans founded this village [Soccho IV] when they left Babylon.
Skacha (Josh. 15:61). Tribe of Judah.
Selo [I] (Josh. 18:1). Tribe of Ephraim. Here Scacha. In the tribe of Judah.
Selo [I]. In the tribe of Ephraim, where the Ark of the Covenant remained and the Tabernathe Ark rested from of old until the time of Samuel. It [Selo II (Josh. 16:6)] is 12 milestones from Neapolis in the Akrabattine. Selon was the name of one of the sons of the Patriarch Judah. cle of the Lord until the time of Samuel. It [Selo
II] is ten miles from Neapolis in the region of Acrabbitena. We read that the son of the Patriarch Judah, was called Selom.
Suchem [I] (Josh. 17:7). A city of the tribe of Manasseh, formerly a priestly city for fugitives in Mount Ephraim, where they buried the bones of Sechem. In the tribe of Manasseh, a city for 15g priests and of refuge in Mount Ephraim, where they buried the bones of Joseph. We spoke of it
Joseph. See above as Suchem. above.
Sams [I] (Josh. 18: 17). The Well of Sams.
Sames [II]. That is, the spring of Sames, in the Tribe of Benjamin. A.: Well of the Sun. tribe of Benjamin, which Aquila translates the Fountain of the Sun.
Semreim (Josh. 18:22). Tribe of Benjamin.
Sela [I] (Josh. 18:28). Tribe of Benjamin.
Sabe [I & II] (Josh. 19:2). Tribe of Simeon.
Sarith (Josh. 19:10). Boundary of Zebulon.
Sams [II] (Josh. 19:12). S., Th.: Sun.
Semri. In the tribe of Benjamin.
Sela [I]. In the tribe of Benjamin.
Sabee [I & II]. In the tribe of Simeon.
Sarid. The boundary of Zebulon.
Sams [II]. Theodotion and Symmachus translate Sun.
Semron. In the tribe of Zebulon.
Semeron [II] (Josh. 19:15). Lot of Zebulon.
Sounem (Josh. 19:18). Lot of Issachar. Now it Sunem. In the tribe of Issachar. Even today a village called Sulem is pointed out five milestones is the village of Soulem 5 milestones south of Mount Thabor. south of Mount Thabor.
Seon or Soen. In the tribe of Issachar. Today a [vacat] village is shown near Mount Thabor.
Sasima. The boundary of Issachar.
Sasima (Josh. 19:22). Boundary of Issachar.
Sior [III]. (Josh. 19:26). Lot of Asher.
Sior [III]. In the tribe of Asher.
Senanim. An oak tree belonging to the boundary of Naphthali.
Sennanein (Josh. 19: 33). Oak, boundary of Naphthali.
Sorek (Josh. 19:41). Lot of Dan, where came Sorec. In the tribe of Dan, where, we read,
Samson was, near Esthaol. It is discussed above.
Samson, near what is called Esthaol.
Sames [I]. In the tribe of Dan. I mentioned it above as Bethsamis.
Sames [I] (Josh. 19:41). Lot of Dan. Above as Bethsamus.
Jerome Eusebius Salabim. In the tribe of Dan. Until today a Salabein (Josh. 19:42). Lot of Dan. Now it is a large village called Salaba is shown within the borders of Sebaste [I]. village within the borders of Sebaste [I] called
Selaba [II].
Sefeth. A place of Canaanites.
Sepheth (Judg. 1:17). Of the Canaanites.
From the Book of Judges From Judges Sirotha. Where the judge Ehud fled. And we spoke of it above as Seira [II].
Seirotha (Judg. 3: 26). Where Ehud fled.
Above as Seeira [II].
Sur Oreb. Aquila translates Rock of Oreb.
Selmon. A mountain Abimelech climbed when he made war on Sicima.
Sour Oreb (Judg. 7:25). A.: Rock of Oreb.
Selmon (Judg. 9:48). A mountain from which Abimelech went to battle with Sikima.
Sefina. Aquila and Symmachus translate it as
Sephina (Judg. 12:1). A., S.: north.
north.
Sorech [I]. The name of a torrent, where Samson's Delilah came from. Even until today a Sorech [I] (Judg.
16: 4). A torrent, which Delilah, Samson's wife, came from. It is also a village is pointed out on the northern side of village north of Eleutheropolis called Sorech [I].
Eleutheropolis called Cafarsorech, next to the It is near Saraa, from which Samson came. small village of Saraa, from which Samson came.
From the Books of Kings From Kingdoms Sofim. A mountain of Ephraim by Armathem.
Sopheim (1 Sam. 1:1). In Mount Ephraim of the Harmathaim.
Salisa [I]. Where Saul passed through.
Senna [II]. The name of a rock.
Saalim [I]. A village Saul passed through.
Within [Saalim IT] the borders of Eleutheropolis, Salisa [I] (1 Sam. 9:4). Saul passed through it.
Senna [II] (1 Sam. 14:4). The name of a rock.
Saaleim [I] (1 Sam. 9:4). Saul passed through it. It is a village [Saaleim II] within the borders of to the west, seven miles away from it.
Eleutheropolis in the west, about 7 milestones away.
Sthif. Where Samuel found Saul.
Sabim. Where Saul gave battle.
Seiph (1 Sam. 9:5). Where Saul found Samuel.
Sabeim (1 Sam.
13: 18). Where Saul gave battle.
Sonam [I]. Where the Sonamite woman came Sonam [I] (1 Sam. 28:4). Where the Shunamite woman came from. It is a village in the borders of from. Even today there is a village in the borders of Sebaste [I] in the Acrabbitene region, called
Sebaste [I] in the Akrabattine, called Sanim.
Sanim.
Sofamoth. To which David sent.
Saphamoth (1 Sam. 30:28). To which David sent.
Seira [III]. The name of a well from which Seeira [III] (2 Sam. 3:26). A well where Joab turned Abner back.
Joab made the leader of Abner's army turn back.
Suba. Whose king David struck.
Sarthan.
It is at the foot of Iezrael [II] Souba (2 Sam. 8:3). David attacked its king.
Sarthan (1 Kgs. 4:12). Below Iezrael [II].
(=Jezreel).
Sopheira (1 Kgs. 9:28). Also Soupheir. Where Solomon's fleet came. A mountain of the east, in Sofera. Also Sofir, where Solomon's ships came. We spoke of it above. It is a mountain belonging to the region of India.
India.
8&5
Eusebius Jerome Serora (1 Kgs. 11:26). A city on the way to Edom.
Sarara. A city on the way to Edom.
Saba [I] (1 Kgs. 10:1). A royal city [Saba IT] of Saba [I]. A royal city of Ethiopia [Saba II], which Josephus says was called Meroe by King
Cambyses, from the name of his sister. the Ethiopians, which Josephus (Ant. 2: 249) says
Cambyses called Meroe after his sister's name.
Sela [II] (2 Kgs. 12:21). Where Joash was Sela [II]. Where Joash was struck down.
» struck.
Sephpharouem (2 Kgs. 17: 24). Where the Assyrians migrated from and settled in Samaria, from whom come the Samaritans. Isaiah (Isa. 36:
Saffaruaim. Where Assyrians migrated from and settled in Samaria, and from whom the Samaritans originated. Isaiah mentions them too.
19, 37:13) mentions it too.
Sademoth (2 Kgs. 23:4). Here Josiah burnt the Sademoth. Where King Josiah burnt idolaidols. trous objects.
Sarepta (1 Kgs. 17:9). A famous village of Sarepta. A little town of the Sidonians
Sidon, where Elijah lived. situated on the public highway, where Elijah once lived.
Saron (Isa. 33: 9). Isaiah:
''Saron became marshland." Now the country is called Saronas Saron. Isaiah mentions it, saying: "It is in the marshes towards Saron." Even at present a [I] from Mount Thabor to Lake Tiberias. There is another country of Saronas [II] between Caesarea region between Mount Thabor and Lake Tiberias is called Saronas [I]. Also from Caesarea in Palestine as far as the town of Joppa all the land and Joppa. that is to be seen is called Saronas [II].
Sefela. As Isaiah writes. Aquila translates it a Sephela (Isa. 32:19). In Isaiah. A.: plain; S.: plain, Symmachus a valley. Even today the whole valley. Even until today it is called Sephela. The same is all the flat country round Eleutheropolis region beside the plain of Eleutheropolis and the flat land which tends towards the north and west to the north and west. is called Sefela.
Sennaar [II] (Micah 1:11). A.: Sennaan; S.:
Sennaar [II]. Aquila has Sennaam, Symmachus translates it breast. Micah the Prophet mentions it also. flourished.
Sedrach. Land of Damascus. We read of it in Sedrach (Zech. 9:1). Land of Damascus. In Zechariah.
Zechariah.
Sion (Zech. 9:9). Mountain in Jerusalem.
Samareia (Ezek. 16:46). Royal city of Israel, now Sebaste [I], and the country round about.
Sion. The mountain of the city of Jerusalem.
Samaria. The royal city of Israel, now called Sebaste [I]. Also the whole region round about it takes its name from the former city.
Sor Tyrus. The metropolis of Phoenicia in the Sor (Ezek. 26:2). Tyre. Phoenician metropolis. tribe of Naphthali.
Lot of Naphthali.
Soene. A city of Thebaid, which Ezekiel Soene (Ezek. 29: 10). A city of Thebaid. In mentions.
Ezekiel.
Sais. A city of Egypt, which Ezekiel mentions.
From which also is the country of the Saites.
Sais (Ezek. 30:15). A city of Egypt. [vacat] Sadala. The boundary of Judaea, as Ezekiel
Sadala (Ezek. 47:15). Boundary of Judaea, as writes. in Ezekiel.
8&9
Jerome Eusebius Sabarim. Between Damascus and Emath [I], Sabareim (Ezek. 47: 16). Between Damascus and Aimath [II], as in Ezekiel. as Ezekiel writes.
Salisa [II]. Aquila translates it triennial.
Salisa [II] (Jer. 48: 34). A.: triennial; as in Jeremiah.
Suchar (John 4:5). Before Neapolis, near the |:
Jeremiah mentions it.
Sychar. Before Neapolis, next to the field 165 which Jacob gave to his son Joseph, in which, according to John's Gospel, our Lord and Saviour talked to the Samaritan woman at the well, where a church has now been built. field Jacob gave his son Joseph. Here Christ talked with the Samaritan woman by the well. It is pointed out even now.
ttel i pve Jerome Eusebius From Genesis From Genesis Tigris (Gen. 2: 14). A river flowing from Tigris. A river that, according to scriptural
Paradise going, as Scripture says, opposite the belief, flows out of Paradise, and runs towards the Assyrians, and after many turns, as Josephus
Assyrians, and flowing out into the Red Sea, as has it, flows into the Red Sea. It is called by this name because of its speed, which resembles the Josephus (Ant.
1: 39) says.
It is called Tigris because of its swiftness, resembling in this extreme swiftness of the beast [tiger]. description the animal of that name.
The Terebinth in Sicima. Under which Jacob The Terebinth in Sikimoi (Gen. 35:4). Under which Jacob hid the tribal gods, near Neapolis. hid the idols, near Neapolis.
From the Book of Joshua From Joshua Tina. In the tribe of Judah.
Telem. In the tribe of Judah.
Tesan. In the tribe of Judah.
Tyrus. In the tribe of Naphthali.
Tina (Josh. 15:22). Tribe of Judah.
Telem (Josh. 15:24). Tribe of Judah.
Tessam (Josh. 15:52). Tribe of Judah.
Turos (Josh. 19:35). Tribe of Naphthali.
From the Book of Judges From Judges Tabath. Where they fought against Madiam Tabath (Judg. 7:22). Where they made war on Madiam [lI].
[I].
Tob. The land where Jephtha lived.
Tofeth.
In the Valley of the Children of Ennom, where the people of Israel venerated Tob (Judg. 11:3). Land where Jephtha lived.
Tapheth (2 Kgs. 23:10). In the Valley of the son of Ennom, where the people worshipped idols. It is a place in the suburbs of Jerusalem. idols in the Jerusalem suburbs.
Tanis. A city of Egypt, as Isaiah and Jeremiah Tanis (Isa. 19:11). A city of Egypt. In Isaiah write. and Ezekiel.
Tafnas. A city of Egypt. Read Hosea, Ezekiel and Jeremiah. Here there lived the Jews who fled
Taphnas (Hos. 9:6). A city of Egypt. In Hosea and in Ezekiel, and in Jeremiah (Jer. 43: 7—9).
There the Jews lived who had come to Egypt with with Jeremiah for fear of the Babylonians.
Jeremiah.
Trachonitis or Ituraea. A region of which
Trachonitis or Itouraea (Luke 3:1). A region
Philip was tetrarch according to the Gospel of that which Philip ruled as tetrarch, according to Luke the Evangelist. As above. It extends from Luke. We spoke of it above. It is beyond Bostra
[I], a city of Arabia in the desert on the south Bostra [I] along the desert to the south as far as side, as if looking towards Damascus.
Damascus.
The "'T" we read here as a simple letter is in fact not the Teth the Hebrews use, but Thau, which in Greek is written Theta, and we must aspirate it lightly.
Jerome Eusebius 'From Genesis From Genesis Fison. Which is translated crowd. The river
Pheison (Gen. 2:11). It is translated "crowd." our people call the Ganges flows out of Paradise and reaches the regions of India, after which it
It is the river the Greeks call Ganges. It rises in Paradise and flows through India, and out into pours into the sea. Scripture says it goes round the sea. They say it encircles all the land of Euilat, from which fine gold, and carbuncle, and green the whole region of Evila, where fine gold is born, and carbuncle, and green stone. stone [come].
Faran. A city the other side of Arabia Pharan. The city is on the other side of Arabia, adjoining the Saracens, who used to wander in lying along the desert of the Saracens, through which the children of Israel passed when they left the desert. The children of Israel made their way through it when they moved their camp from Mount Sinai. It is, therefore, as we have said,
Sinai. It extends across Arabia to the south, and is three days' journey east from Aila, where, as across Arabia on the southern side, and three
Scripture says, Ismael dwelt, whence the Saradays' journey east from Aila. Scripture mentions cens. And it says that Chodollagomor destroyed that Ishmael lived in the desert of Faran. From those who were in Pharan, that is, in the desert. here came the Ishmaelites, who are now Saracens.
We read also that King Chodollagomor struck those who were in the desert of Faran.
Fylistiim. Now called Ascalon, and the region Phulisteiem (Gen. 21:34). Now called Askaof Palestine round about it. lon, the well-known country of Palestine is round about it.
The Well of the Covenant which Abraham The Well of the Covenant (Gen. 21: 30).
Abraham dug it where he swore an oath. It is now called Berosoba in the Geraritike. dug, that is, Bersabee. In the Geraritica region.
We spoke of it above.
The Well of Vision. In the desert, where Isaac The Well of the Vision (Gen. 16:14; 24:62). lived.
In the desert, where Isaac dwelt.
The Well of Judgement [I]. Up to the The Well of Judgement [I] (Gen. 26:20ff.). It present in the Geraritic region. The village is is until today the village called Berdan on the called Berdan, which in Latin is spoken of as the Geraritike.
Well of Judgement.
The Well of Oath-taking. Where Isaac and Abimelech swore an oath; and it is called the town of Isaac. There are also many other wells in
The Well of Judgement [II] (Gen. 26: 33).
Where Isaac and Abimelech swore an oath. It is
also called the city of Isaac. There are many wells the Holy Scriptures, which even today are pointed out in the Geraritic region near Ascalon. in Scripture, which even until today are pointed out in the Geraritike and near Askalon.
Fanuel. The place where Jacob gained the name of Israel by wrestling all night, near the Brook Iaboc. Fanuel is translated '"The Face of God" because he saw God there.
Phanouel (Gen. 32:30). Where Jacob wrestled all night and had his name changed to Israel, near the Brook Iabok. It is called the same in Hebrew.
Jerome Eusebius Fogo. A city of King Hadad, which is in the Phogor [I] (Gen. 36: 39). City of Hadad in Gebalitic region.
Gebalitike.
Phinon (Gen. 36:41). A halt of the children of Fenon. A camp of the children of Israel in the desert. It was formerly a city of the princes of Edom, but now a little village in the desert, where copper mines are dug by those condemned to Israel in the desert. It was also a city of the princes of Edom. It is the same as the Phainon where the copper mines are, lying between the hard labour, between the city of Petra and Zoara, city of Petra and Zoor. as we said above.
From Exodus From Exodus Fithom. A city of Egypt, which the children of Phithom (Exod. 1:11). A city in Egypt which Israel built. the children of Israel built.
From Numbers and Deuteronomy From Numbers and Deuteronomy [vacat] Pharanx Botruos (Num. 13:24ff.). Ravine of Grapes. Where the scouts picked fruit as a sign of the land, which is said to be Gophna, translated as vine, 15 milestones from Ailia on the road to Neapolis. It is questioned whether it is true.
Fin. A camp of the children of Israel in the Phin (Num. 33:42). A halt of the children of desert.
Israel in the desert.
[vacat] Pharanx Zare (Num. 21: 12). Part of the desert.
[vacat] The Well in the Desert (Num. 21:10). Where the people were.
Fathura [I]. A city the other side of MesopoPhathoura [I] (Num. 22:5). A city on the other tamia, from which Balaam the Prophet came. side of Mesopotamia, where Balaam was. AnAlso near Eleutheropolis there is a certain village other Phathoura [II] exists near Eleutheropolis, called Fathura [II] on the way to Gaza. on the way to Gaza.
Fogor. Also Bethfogor, a mountain of the Moabites, to which King Balak brought the Phogor [I] (Num. 23:28). Also Bethphogor. A mountain in Moab [I], to which Balak led Balaam. It is beyond what is now called Libias.
Prophet Balaam, on the ridge of Livia. Also another village of Fogor is to be seen not far
There is another village called Phogor [II] near Bethleem [II]. from Bethleem [II], which is now called Faora.
Fasga. A city of the Amorites. There is also a Phasga (Deut. 3:17). A city of the Amorites. It
Mount Fasga on the eastern side, which Aquila is also a mountain east of Phasga. A.: cut-off; and translates cut-off. The translators of the Septuathe S[eptuagint] in another place: cut-off. gint also translate Fogor as cut-off in a certain place.
From the Book of Judges es From Judges
Fanuel. A city which Jeroboam built.
Phanouel (1 Kgs. 12: 25). A city Jeroboam built.
Jerome Eusebius Phaouel (Judg. 8: 8, 17). A tower Gideon Fanuel. A tower which Gideon overthrew. overthrew. One of the sons of Or was called
Phanouel (1 Chron. 4:4).
Also one of the sons of Or was called Fanuel.
Fraathon. Where Abdon, the judge of the Phraathon (Judg. 12: 13ff.). Where Abdon the Judge of Israel was, in the mountain of Amalek. people of Israel, came from, on Mount Amalek.
From the Books of Kings From Kingdoms Pharanx Ennom (Josh. 15:8). Land of Ennom (Hinnom) in the Hebrew. For that reason some
[vacat] say it is Geena (Gehenna).
It lies beside Jerusalem, and now is called the Valley of Iosaphat.
Felmoni Almoni. Aquila translates: this or Phelmoni Almoni (1 Sam. 21:2). A.: this or that man; Symmachus, indeed: I know not what that man; S.: this place; Th.: the place Elmoni. place; Theodotion: that place Elmoni.
It is debated more fully in the Books of Hebrew Questions.
Fogo. A city of the Kingdom of Edom.
Phogo (1 Chron. 1:50). A city of the Kingdom of Edom.
Farfar. A river of Damascus.
Fathore. A region of Egypt in Ezekiel and Jeremiah, in which Jewish refugees dwelt.
Pharphar (2 Kgs. 5:12). A river of Damascus.
Phathori (Ezek. 29:14). A region of Egypt, as in Ezekiel and Jeremiah (Jer. 44:1, 15), where the Jews lived.
-X-Chi Eusebius Jerome From Genesis From Genesis Chalanne (Gen. 10:10). A city of the Kingdom
Chalanne. A city of the Kingdom of Nimrod of Nimrod in Babylon.
It is also in Isaiah:
"Chalanne, where the tower was built." in Babylon, which Isaiah mentions, saying:
""Chalanne, where a tower was built...."
Chalak (Gen. 10:11). A city of Assyrians which Ashur built when he came from Sennaar [I].
Chalac. A city of the Assyrians, which Ashur built when he left the land of Sennaar [I].
Charran (Gen. 11:31). The same even up to the Charran. A city of Mesopotamia beyond present is called the city of Karra [= Carrhae] in Mesopotamia.
Edessa, which up to today is called Carra [Carrhae], where the Roman army was destroyed and the commander Crassus, taken prisoner.
Chebron (Gen 13: 18). Of old it was called Arbok. It was built seven years before Tanis in Chebron. It was once called Arbe, albeit in Greek codices it is wrongly written Arboc. It was founded seven years before Tanis, a city of Egypt,
Egypt. It is as described above. It was the royal city of the Enakim. was founded. We have spoken about it above also. It was the metropolis of the Enacim, by which we must understand giants and mighty men.
Chobaa [I]. On the left side of Damascus.
There is a village of Chobaa [II] in the same Choba [I] (Gen. 14: 15). It is on the left of Damascus. There is also a village of Choba [I] in
Tf2 those parts where there are Hebrews who believe regions, with Hebrew inhabitants, who believe in Christ and keep all the precepts of the Law, and in Christ, called Ebionites. are called Ebionites from the prince of heretics.
The Apostle Paul wrote to the Galatians against such teachings.
Chabratha (Gen. 35:19). A.: "by the road,"
Chabratha.
Aquila translates kath' hodon, "beside the road" which leads to Efratha [I], leading to Ephratha [I], near Bethleem, where
Rachel died giving birth to Benjamin. that is, Bethleem. Where Rachel died when she gave birth to Benjamin. We have said what we think about this word in the Books of Hebrew
Questions.
Chasbi (Gen. 38:5). Here children were born to Chasbi. Where a son called Thamar was born to Judah. A place is shown now in the desert near
Odollam within the borders of Eleutheropolis.
Judah. It is now pointed out as a deserted place in the borders of Eleutheropolis near Odollam.
See also the Books of Hebrew Questions, where it is debated more fully.
From Numbers and Deuteronomy From Numbers and Deuteronomy Choreb. The mountain of God in the region of Madiam [I] near Mount Sinai in the desert Choreb (Deut. 1:2). The mountain of God in the land of Madiam [I]. It lies beside Mount Sinai beyond Arabia in the desert. beyond Arabia, which joins the mountain and OD)
Jerome Eusebius the desert of the Saracens, which is called Faran.
To me it seems the same mountain has two names, here called Sinai, there called Choreb.
Charada. A camp of the children of Israel.
Charadas (Num. 33:24). A halt of the children of Israel.
Chennereth. The lake, where the boundary of Judaea is in the tribe of Naphthali. It is also a Chenereth (Num. 34:11). A sea, the boundary of Judaea. Lot of Naphthali. town, which later Herod, King of Judaea, rebuilt and called Tiberias in honour of Tiberius Caesar.
They say it was the first to be called by this name.
Chefira. A village belonging to the city of Gabaon in the tribe of Benjamin.
Chepheira (Josh.
9: 17). A city beyond Gabaon. Tribe of Benjamin.
Chsalon. In the tribe of Judah, a very large Chasalon (Josh. 15:10). A very large village of village on the borders of Aelia. the tribe of Benjamin in the borders of Ailia.
Chsil. In the tribe of Judah.
Chabon. In the tribe of Judah.
Chafthis. In the tribe of Judah.
Chermel. Where Nabal the Carmelite came Chsil (Josh. 15:30). Tribe of Judah.
Chabon (Josh. 15:40). Tribe of Judah.
Chaphtheis (Josh. 15:40). Tribe of Judah.
Chermel (Josh. 15: 55). Tribe of Judah, the very large village of Chermel in the Daroma, where Nabal was, near Chebron to the south. A military garrison is stationed there. from. As mentioned above.
Chilon. In the tribe of Judah.
Chefri. In the tribe of Benjamin.
Chaselath Thabor. In the tribe of Zabulon.
Cheilon (Josh. 15:51). Tribe of Judah.
Chephrei (Josh. 18:26). Tribe of Benjamin.
Cheselath Thabor (Josh.
19: 12). Lot of Zabulon.
From the Books of Kings From Kingdoms Chettim. The land of Chettim is called Cyprus,
Chettieim [II] (Judg.
1: 26). The land of in which Luza founded a city. Even today the Chettieim is Cyprus, where Louza built a city.
Cypriots call the city Citium.
Charri. Whither Joab followed Sabee as he Charrei (2 Sam. 20: 14). Joab pursued Sabee strove for new things. there.
Chomarim. Where Josiah burnt the images.
Chomarreim (2 Kgs. 23:4). Josiah burnt the idols there.
Chalanne. Where, according to Isaiah, a tower Chalanne (Isa. 10:9). Where the tower was was built, as we said above. built, as in Isaiah, above.
Charran. A city of the Assyrians in the region Charran (Isa. 37:12). A city of Assyrians near of Theman [I], according to Isaiah.
Thaiman, as in Isaiah.
Chaselath-by-Thabor. The boundary of ZaChaselath-by-Thabor (Josh. 19: 12). Border bulon. We have spoken of it above by the name of Zabulon. Above under Chessalous. of Chsalus.
Chabol. The boundary of Asher.
Chalab. Asher could not expel the original Chobal (1 Kgs. 9:13). Border of Asher.
Chalab (Judg. 1:31). Asher did not expel the inhabitants from it. other tribes from it.
Eusebius Jerome Chorra (1 Kgs. 17:3). A torrent the other side Chorath. A torrent the other side of the of the Jordan.
Jordan.
Elijah hid in the region of that river.
Chotha. A region of the Assyrians.
Chobar. The river of the Babylonians, as in Chotha (2 Kgs. 17:24). Land of the Assyrians.
Chobar (Ezek. 1:1). A river of the Assyrians, as in Ezekiel.
Ezekiel.
Charchamis. A city beside the river EuCharchamus (Jer. 46:2). A city beside the river
. Euphrates. phrates.
Chamoan. A small village near Bethleem [I].
Chamoam (Jer. 41:17). A village near Bethleem [II].
Chelon. Also Elon, a town of Moab [I], as is Chelon (Jer. 48:21). Also Elon. A city of Moab
[I], as in Jeremiah. written in Jeremiah.
Chamos. An idol of Moab [I].
Chorazin. A town of Galilee, which Christ Chamos (Jer. 48:7). An idol of Moab [I].
Chorazein (Matt. 11:21). A village of Galilee. pitied for its lack of belief, and wept over.
Christ lamented over it, according to the Gospel.
Now it is deserted, two milestones away from Kapharnaoum.
Chimarrus. That is, the torrent, of Cedron, Cheimarrous Kedron (John 18: 1). The about which we spoke above, between the Mount
Torrent of Kedron.
Beside Jerusalem, where of Olives and Jerusalem, where John the EvangeChrist was betrayed, as John the Evangelist says. list tells how the Lord Saviour was betrayed. a7
[MEGA] Jerome Eusebius
From the Pentateuch 176 From the Pentateuch On [I] (Exod. 1:11). This is Helioupolis. A city
On [I]. A city in Egypt, which is called Heliopolis in Greek, that is, the city of the Sun, in Egypt, which, according to the S[eptuagint], which the children of Israel built, as the Septuagint translators think. Otherwise it is not mentioned in the Hebrew writings. Rightly so, if the children of Israel built. It is not in the Hebrew
[text], and plainly, for it antecedes the arrival of the children of Israel. The priest there was the indeed before Jacob entered Egypt the city had father of Asennec (Asenath). already been built and had as priest Petefres
(Potiphar) the father of Asennec (Asenath).
Or (Num. 20: 22, 28). A mountain in which Aaron died near the city of Petra, in which even
Or. The mountain where Aaron died, near the city of Petra, where even until today the stone is shown which Moses struck and gave water to the until today the rock is shown that Moses struck. people.
Oboth. In the desert, a camp of the children of Oboth (Num. 21:10). A halt of the children of Israel.
Israel in the desert.
From Joshua and the Books of Kings From Joshua and Kingdoms Osa. In the tribe of Aser.
Oram. In the tribe of Naphthali.
Osa (Josh. 19:29). Lot of Asher.
Oram (Josh. 19:38). Lot of Naphthali.
Opheir (1 Kgs. 9: 28). From there gold was brought to Solomon, as in Kings. One of the Ofir. As we read in the Books of Kings, gold was brought to Solomon from here. One of the descendants of Eber was called Ofir, from whose descendants of Eber was called Oupheir, where, family they came from the river Cofene as far as as Josephus relates (Ant. 1: 147), his descendants the region of India which is called leria, and dwell from the river Kophenos in India as far as inhabited it, according to Josephus, from which I Syria, whence evidently the country obtains its think the region also takes its name. name.
On [II]. A city of Samaria, which in Hebrew is On [II] (Hos. 10:5). A city of Samaria. In Hebrew it is Aun. A., S.: useful; Th.: unjust. written Aun, which Aquila and Symmachus translate useless, and Theodotion iniquity.
Ocho. A priestly city.
Oronaim. A city of the Moabites, as is written Olo (Josh. 21:15). A priestly city.
Oronaeim (Jer. 48:34). A city of Moab [I]. In in Jeremiah.
Jeremiah.
ANNOTATED INDEX
EUSEBIUS' ONOMASTICON
by Rupert L. Chapman
Introduction to the Annotated Index The Onomasticon of Eusebius of Caesarea, in its original Greek and in the Latin translation of Jerome, is one of the most important sources for site identification in the Levant, and, hence, historical geography, for both the Byzantine and earlier periods. This index to Eusebius provides notes on site identifications and shows references to excavation reports and other archaeological literature which are relevant to arguments concerning the identification of the site; (5) the page numbers to Klostermann's edition showing where the site is referred to by Eusebius and/or Jerome, and which appear outside the columns, in bold, of this translation.
The main entries generally follow Eusebius in using his Greek forms of Biblical place-names rather than the actual names of towns and villages in fourth-century Palestine.
These actual names are sometimes identical or very similar. At times Eusebius connects a Biblical place with a site with a similar-sounding name which has no claim to authenticity, and at other times Eusebius reads a place-name where no place has ever existed. This index may be read alongside the maps, which follow the main entries and likewise do not attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of fourth-century Palestine, but rather a visual summary of Eusebius' information. if a site has been excavated.
It follows the English alphabet, using the transliterated forms of names from Eusebius' text as found in the translation. Since those approaching the Onomasticon from a modern site may find it most convenient to locate it via one of its modern names rather than the name(s) by which Eusebius refers to it, all the names by which each site has been known will be indexed at the back of this book. The references and crossreferences are to sites as they are found in Eusebius, unless a site only appears in Jerome
(either as an addition to Eusebius' text, or because Eusebius' text is missing at that point), e.g., the Tomb of Archelaus (Lib. Loc. 45).
Jerome's translation, sometimes with additional information, will be found on next page of Klostermann's text, and on the right column of No attempt has been made to make this a comprehensive index to Biblical place-names.
Any site not referred to even indirectly by Eusebius or Jerome will not be found in this annotated index or in the general index at the back of the book. This index does not deal with the archaeological literature, but focuses on issues of site identification. These notes are a handy reference to currently accepted identifications. Only in the few cases in which the available evidence appears to provide the basis for an alternative argument has any attempt been made to propose a new identification, the this translation.
The notes on the identification of the sites are constructed as follows: (1) the alternative names found in Eusebius, preceded by an equal sign
(=), followed by the spellings found in Jerome (J) that differ from the transliterations of Eusebius' names in this English translation, and which sometimes indicate a variant name tradition; (2) the various names by which the site has been known, starting with the earliest intention being to pull together the views advanced in the works of the best authorities on toponymy, rather than to carry out original
Biblical place-name as found in most standard English Bibles (in this case the New Jerusalem
Bible was used) and proceeding to the most research on the subject. Sites have been marked recent in terms of site identifications; (3) refas either "'excavated''—in which case reference erences to various works giving identifications should be made to The New Encyclopedia of with page number(s) followed by map referArchaeological Excavations in the Holy Land ences given in terms of the Palestine/Israel
(henceforth NEAEHL), and other easily availGrid, except for those places which lie beyond able relevant literature—or ''unexcavated,"' awaiting scholarly investigation. the limits of that grid, in which case the latitude and longitude have been given; (4) comments,
Abbreviations A Historical Geography, translated from the Hebrew and edited by A. F. Rainey, 2d ed., rev. and enl. (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, ABD David Noel Freedman, Gary A. Herion, David F. Graf, John David Pleins, Astrid B.
Beck (eds.), The Anchor Bible Dictionary (New 1979).
MABL BB. J. Beitzel, The Moody Atlas of the York: Doubleday, 1992).
Abel Felix-Marie Abel, La Géographie de la Bible Lands (Chicago: Moody Press, 1985).
MBA Yohanan Aharoni, and Michael AviYonah, The Macmillan Bible Atlas (London:
Palestine, 2 vols.
(Paris:
Librarie Lecoffre, 1933-1938).
AEHL A. Negev and S. Gibson (eds.), Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land,
Macmillan, 1968).
3rd ed. (London: Continuum, 2001).
Ahituv Musil A. Musil, Arabia Petraea, 2 vols.
Shmuel Ahituv, Canaanite Toponyms in (Vienna, 1906—1908).
NBA J. J. Bimson, New Bible Atlas (Leicester, Ancient Egyptian Documents (Jerusalem:
Magnes Press, Hebrew University, 1984).
BDB FF. Brown, S. R. Driver and C. Briggs InterVarsity Press, 1985).
NEAEHL Ephraim Stern, Ayelet Lewinson- (eds.), A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old
Gilboa, Joseph Aviram (eds.), The New EnTestament (Oxford: Clarendon, 1968).
BT Denis Baly and A. D. Tushingham, Atlas of cyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land, 4 vols. (Jerusalem: Israel Explorathe Biblical World (New York: World, 1971).
CAH I.E. S. Edwards, C. J. Gadd and Hammond, The Cambridge Ancient History (Camtion Society/Carta, Jerusalem; New York:
Simon & Schuster, 1993).
OBA H.G. May, Oxford Bible Atlas, 3rd ed.
(London: Oxford, 1984).
PEF Palestine Exploration Fund RS R. Thomas Schaub and Walter E. Rast, Bab edh-Dhra: Excavations in the Cemetery bridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971).
Davies Graham I. Davies, The Way of the Wilderness: A Geographical Study of the Wilderness Itineraries in the Old Testament (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979). directed by Paul W. Lapp (1965-67), (Winona
Lake, Ind.: published for the American Schools Gaz.
Michael Avi-Yonah, Gazetteer of Roman of Oriental Research by Eisenbrauns, 1989).
SECB James Strong, Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible (Grand Rapids, Mich.:
Palestine (Qedem 5; Jerusalem:
Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Carta, Jerusalem, 1976).
Glueck Nelson Glueck, Explorations in Eastern Baker Book House, reprint 1980).
Smith George Adam Smith, The Historical Geography of the Holy Land, introd. by H. H.
Rowley, 30th ed. (New York: Harper & Row, Palestine (Philadelphia: American Schools of Oriental Research, 1934-1951).
IDB George Arthur Buttrick, et al. (eds.), The Interpreters' Dictionary of the Bible, 4 vols.
(New York: Abingdon Press, 1962), suppl. vol.
1966).
SMM — J. Monson (ed.), Student Map Manual:
Historical Geography of the Bible Lands, (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1979).
TIR Yoram Tsafrir, Leah di Segni and Judith ed. Keith Crim (Nashville: Abingdon, 1976).
Jerome Jos.
Flavius Josephus Green; with contributions by Israel Roll and Land Yohanan Aharoni, The Land of the Bible:
Tsvika Tsuk, Tabula Imperii Romani IudaeaVivian Filson (eds.), The Westminster HistorPalestina: Eretz Israel in the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Periods; Maps and Gazetteer ical Atlas to the Bible, rev. ed. (Philadelphia:
Westminster Press, 1974).
(Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1994), WHAB George Ernest Wright and Floyd Wilkinson John Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrims Before the Crusades (Warminster, England:
Aris & Phillips, 1977).
Additional Bibliography The British Museum Press, 2002).
Koenig, J.
For specific issues of site identification, mention is "Ttineraires sinaitiques en Arabie,"' also made of the following:
Revue de l'Histoire des Religions, Tome 166 (1964), 121-141.
Dorsey, David A.
The Roads and Highways of Ancient Israel (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Koenig, J.
"La localisation du Sinai et les University Press, 1991). traditions des Scribes," Revue d'Histoire et de
Philosophie Religieuses 43 (1963), 1-31.
Koenig, J.
"La localisation du Sinai et les Flinder, A.
'The Island of Jezirat Fara'un: Its Ancient Harbour, Anchorage and Marine traditions des Scribes," Revue d'Histoire et Defence Installations,'
Jnternational Jounral of Nautical Archaeology and Underwater ExPhilosophie Religieuses 44 (1964), 200-235.
Maigret, A.de Arabia Felix: An Exploration of cavation 6/2 (1977), 127-139. the Archaeological History of Yemen (London:
Beneath the Gibson, S. and Taylor, J. E.
Church of Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem:
The Archaeology and Early History of Traditional Golgotha (London:
Palestine Exploration Fund, 1994).
Glueck, N.
Explorations in Eastern Palestine Stacey International, 2002).
Pratico, G. D.
Nelson Glueck's 1938-1940 Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh:
A Reappraisal (Atlanta, Georgia: Scholars Press, 1993).
Rothenberg, B.
Timna: Valley of the Biblical Copper Mines (London: Thames and Hudson, IV; Annual of the American Schools of Oriental
Research 25-28 (New Haven:
American 1972).
Smith, G. A.
Atlas of the Historical Geography of the Holy Land (London: Hodder and Schools of Oriental Research, 1951).
Hoyland, R.
"Kings, Kingdoms and Chronology," I. N. Simpson, St. J. (ed.), Queen of Stoughton, 1915).
Sheba: Treasures from Ancient Yemen (London:
A © Gaz.: 25 [231231] « Abel: 234-235. Excavated Abareim. Range of mountains of which Mt. site. 6
Nebo was one. 16
Abor. Nahr el-Khabur. A river in northern Syria, Abdon. Rasabde, Khirbet 'Abdeh, Tel 'Avdon— tributary to the Euphrates, with its sources in Land: 429 [165272] ¢ Abel: 233. Unexcavated. southern Turkey. 36
Achad. Akkad/Agade—CAH I:2:417-463. Capi-
Abel = Abela I (of the Vineyards). Abel-keramim, tal of the Sargonid Empire, location unknown.
Na'tr?—Land: 429 [228142] ¢ Abel: 233-234.
Unexcavated. 32
Abela II (in Gilead), see Arbela II.
Abela III (Damascene). Abila, Suq Wadi BarAchelgai, see Aic. 10
Acheldamach, Field of, see Akeldama. 102
Acheseloth = Kartha, Cheselath Thabor, Thabor ada—Land: 429 [254337]. Unexcavated. 32
II, Chessalous, Chsalous, J: Achaseloth, Cartha, Abelmaelai= Bethmaela, Saleim, J: Abelmaula,
Chsalus, Tabor.
Kartah, Tabor, Chesulloth, Chisloth-tabor, Chsalous, Iksal6, Exaloth, Iksal—Land: 433 [180232] ¢ Gaz.: 57 [180232] e
Bethmaula, Salim, cf. J: Salumias. Abel Meholah, Saleim, Bethmaela, Aula, Tell Aba Sis—
Land: 429 [203197] © Gaz.: 92 [202197] ¢ Salem, Salumias, Tell er-Radgha—T/R:
219-20 TIR:
124 [180231] ¢ Abel: 299, 414. Unexcavated. 22, 28, 98, 116, 174 [199200] ¢ Jabes, Tell Abt Sifri—Abel: 234
Achor (Valley of)=Emekachor, J: Amecachor.
[197193] e Avi-Yonah identifies Bethmaela with Khirbet Tell el-Hilu—Gaz.:
39-40 [197192], and places the village of Saleim at Tell Aba Site of the stoning of Achan (Josh. 7:1, 18-20,
24; 22:20). Variously identified with the modern el-Bugei'ah, south of Jericho, west of the Dead
Sea—IDB: 1:27 ¢ BT: 194 ¢ 185121 to 188128 e Sas ¢ Khirbet Tell el-Hilu—7/7R: 84 [197192].
In 1 Kings 4:12, and in Judges 7:22 Abelmehola TIR: 92—and Wadi en-Nu'eimeh—Gaz.:
is associated with Zarethan. If Zarethan is to be [191144] ¢ Wilkinson: 149 ¢ Achor Vallis, Wadi en-Nu'eima—T/R: 56 [191144]. Unexcavated. identified with Tell es-Saidiyeh, then all proposed identifications for Abelmehola may lie
18, 24, 84 Achran. Arce (Jos., Ant. 5: 1:22), Arket, Yerka, too far to the north. It is also possible that Eusebius' identification of Abelmehola with the Yirka—Abel: 66, text and footnote 3 [170262].
The text of Joshua appears to be corrupt at this village of Bethmaela, on which all modern identifications depend, was mistaken. Unexpoint, reading ""Ebron" in the Hebrew, perhaps cavated. 34, 40 a copyist's error reading beth for goph in paleoHebrew script, which the New Jerusalem Bible
Abelmea. Abelmain, Khirbet el Malih—77R: 55
[195192]. Unexcavated. 34
Abelsattein = Sattein, J: Abelsattin, Sattim. Abelreads as Abdon, based on Josh. 21:30 ¢ Abel's identification is based on the similarity between hash-shittim, Abel-shittim, Abelsattein, Tell elHammam—Land: 419 [214138] ¢ Abel: 234 ¢
Josephus' Arce, identified with Ecdippa, and Eusebius' Achran. As Achzib is not mentioned
Davies: 36. Beside Mt. Peor. Unexcavated. 10 in Josh. 19:28, but does appear in Josh. 19:29,
Abena. Abana, Nahr. One of the two rivers of and is reliably identified with ez-Zib, one must
Damascus. 36, 154 consider the possibility that the text used by Josephus and Eusebius had either Arke or Abenezer. 'Izbet Sarta?—SMM: §15:2, No. 296
[146167] ¢ Abenezer, Deiraban?—Gaz.:
Ekron at this point. At any rate, an identifica- [151127] ¢ Abel: 309. 32 tion with Ecdippa/Achzib is very unlikely. 30
Abile. Abel, Abila, Tell Abil—Land: 429 [231231]
Achshaph, see Aksaph. 30 ed-Deir?—TIR: 57 [166174]. Unexcavated. 24
Ademmei=Nekeb, J: Ademme, Neceb. AdamiAchzeib (in Judaea). Achzib, Khirbet Tell elBeida?, Horvat Lavnin—Land: 429 [145116] e negeb, Adami-ha-Negeb, Adami-nekeb, Admm
Abel: 237 (Achzib [2]). Unexcavated. 26
Achzeiph = Ekdippa, J: Achzif, Ecdippa. Achzib (Egyptian), Udm (Ugaritic), Damin, Rimmon?,
Khirbet et-Tell (ed-Damiyeh), Tel Adami— (in Asher), Ecdippa, ez Zib, Tel Akhziv—Land:
Land: 429 [193239] ¢ Abel: 238 © Gaz.: 51
429, (159272) © Gaz:
'53: (159272) e: TER: 115
[194239] ¢ Khirbet ed-Damiye?, Horvat Damin—T77R: 107-108 [194239] notes that Rimmon is a variant in one Biblical manuscript.
[159272] ¢ Casal Imbert—Abel: 237. Excavated site. 30
Adad, City of, see Bethphogor. 168
Adama I= Segor. Admah. Possibly one of the five Abel notes that in some of the versions of the text, Adami and Nekeb are separate places, for which eventuality he proposes the following:
Negeb, Negb (Egyptian), Khirbet Seyade or elEarly Bronze Age sites on the east side of Wady
Arabah south of the Dead Sea—Bab edh-Dhra, Numeira, Safi (see Zoar), Feifa, and Khanazir
Bossa (Abel: 398). Unexcavated. 30, 138 (RS: 1981, Fig. 1 ¢ Abel: 238-239). Bab edhAder I= Edrai II, J: Edre. Eder. In Josh. 12:14 and 15:21 this name is probably an error for Dhra and Numeira have been excavated. 8, 152
Adama II. Adam, "blood" (Hebrew). Not a placeArad, q.v., due to the similarity of the letters daleth and resh in the Phoenician and Aramaic name. 38
Adami. Adamah, 'Adumim (Ahituv:
53-54), Shemesh-adam, Kefar Hittaia?, Qarn Hattin?, Horvat Qarne Hittim—Land: 429 [193245] e scripts, which, it seems, occasionally resulted in scribal transposition (Land: 117). Edrai II is identified with Khirbet el 'Ader—T7/R:
Gaz.: 72 [192245] ¢ Abel: 238. Unexcavated. 30
[096093]. 20, 86 Ader II. Ader, Tower of. A tower near Bethlehem. 43
Adar, see Ataroth I and II. 26
Adaron= Adraa II, J: Adara, Adra II. It seems Adia. A village near Gaza. Unidentified. 24 likely that this reflects the Hebrew name Aduru/Adurun. The Sheshonk list refers to an 'Adoraim in the Valley of Succoth (Ahituv: 52).
There was a site with this name near the Jordan (ed-Dtira—Land: 429 [212266]), though it is
Aditha. Adida, Aditha, Hadid, el Hadithe—Gaz.::
63 (Hadid I) [145152]
¢ TYR: 138 [145152].
Unexcavated. 24
Adiathain. Adithaim, el-Hadite? (4 km. north of Yalu/Aijalon)—Abel:
238 [151143]. Unexcaalso possible that this is a textual error for Gadara. Neither of these readings makes any vated. 24
Adolam = Odollam, J: Adollam. Adullam, 'Odolsense in terms of Eusebius' statement that Astaroth and Astaroth Karnaim lie between Adaron and Abile. A site which would fit is lam, esh-Sheikh Madhktr—Lanad: 429 [150117] e Abel:
239. The Byzantine site to which Eusebius refers is located at Khirbet 'Id el Minya—Gaz.: 26 [150118] ¢ Khirbet 'Id elMiye—77R:
197 [150118]. On the multiple Edhra'a in Syria [267256]. 6, 12 Adasa.
Hadashah, Dessaon, 'Adase, Khirbet 'Addase—Gaz.:
26 [165139] © Adasa [II], confusions involved in Eusebius' entry, see Khirbet 'Adas—TIR: 57 [167147] ¢ Abel: 238.
Odollam. Unexcavated. 24, 84, 140, 172 Adommim, The Ascent of=Maledomnei, J:
Adummim, Maledomnus, Ascent of Flames, Unexcavated. 26
Addara I. In the district of Kadesh-barnea, see also Num.
34: 5. Hazar-addar, Addar, 'Ain Qedeis?—Land: 72, 436 [100999] ¢ Abel: 238.
An oasis southeast of Kadesh-Barnea. UnexAscent of the Blushes [Bloodstains?], Ascent of the Reds. The road leading from Jerusalem to Jericho and the Dead Sea region—Land: 59-60,
Map 3, No. 9. The village to which Eusebius cavated. 24
Addara II (Addara in the district of Thamna I). refers is identified as Adummim or MaledomKhirbet ed-Deir?—Gaz.: 26 [166174] ¢ Khirbet
Gaz.: 54 [123108] « T/R: 58 [123108]. This unexcavated site is Roman-Byzantine Eglon.
The city of the Bronze and Iron Ages is identified with Tell el-Hesy—Land:
nei (ma'ale adommim) is Tala'at ad-Damm— Wilkinson:
149 [184136], although the name may have moved about in the district e Ma'ale Adummim, Tal'at ed-Damm—T/R:
[184136]. Unexcavated. 24
[124206]. 48, 84 Agros tou Gnapheos=J: Ager fullonis. Kabas Adra I, see Adraa I.
Sadeh, ''Fuller's Field" (Hebrew). A place in Adra II, see Adaron. 13, 84 Adraa I=Edraei I, J: Adra I, Edrai I. Edrei, the suburbs of Jerusalem, later the burial ground of suicides, paupers, etc. 38
Agrou Skopia=J:
Agri. Mount Pisgah, Ras Siyagha—SMM: §15:2 [218130]. 12
Adri'a, Adra'a, Cité Bernard d'Etampes, Der'a—Land: 433 [253224] © Gaz.: 53 [254224] e Edrei (1)—Abel: 310. Unexcavated. 12, 84
Aia. Avva. A Mesopotamian city from which the Adraa II, see Adaron. 12
Adramelech. A god of the people of Sepharvaim Assyrians brought exiles to settle in the territory of the former kingdom of Israel. 36 who were settled at Samaria by the Assyrians.
Aialim. cf. 1 Kings 4:23—Ayal, male deer, hart
(Hebrew)—BDB: 19, though the plural form is Aelia, see Ailia.
Aendor (in Jezrael)=J: Endor. Endor, Khirbet not present in this passage in the text of Biblia
Hebraica Stutgartensis (though cf. Cant. 2:9, Safsafa near 'Indur, Horvat Zafzafot—Land:
17; 8:14 and Lam. 1:6). Not a place-name. 34
434 [187227] © Gaz.: 55 [187227] ¢ TIR: 121
Aialin (in Zebulon). Elon (II), Aijalon. Un- [186227] ¢ Abel: 316. Unexcavated. 34, 94, 140 identified. 32
Aenioth. Hanuth, ''a vault or cell" (Hebrew). Not Aialon I, see Ailom. 19 a place-name. 38
Aermon=Baalermon, Remma, Sanior, Sanir, Aialon II, see Ailon I. 18
Aian. Ijon, Tell ed-Dibbin—Land: 436 [205308] ¢ Mount Ermon, Mount Hermon, J: Mount Abel: 352. Unexcavated. 36
Emmona. Mount Hermon, Ba'al-hermon, Jebel esh-Sheikh/et-Talg ('the mountain of snow'') ¢
Aie = Achelgai, Gaia, Gai II, J: Achalgai, Well in the Desert. Iye-abarim, Achelgai, Khirbet elHermon Mons, Har Hermon—T7/R:
142-143 Medeiyineh?—Land: 436 [223041] ¢ Gai, Gaia, Gayah, el-Ji—Gaz.:
58 [194971] ¢ Mahaiy— [225310]. 10, 20, 22, 48, 54, 84, 128, 146 Aesimon, see Asemona. 10
Aetherim, see Antharim. 10
Abel: 351-352 [238045], 11 km east of Dat Ras.
All unexcavated. 10, 62, 168 Aeththan Adasai=J: Aethon Adasai. Kadesh in Aigalleim, see Agalleim. 36, 62 the Land of the Hittites, Kadesh-on-Orontes,
Qidsha (Akkadian), Laodicea ad Libanum, Aila, see Ailath. 8, 16, 36, 62, 166 Ailam=J: Aela, Aelam. Elam. A kingdom in Laodicea Scabiosa, Tell en-Nebi Mendoh— southern Persia. The reference to Chedorlaomer is to Gen. 14: 1ff. and Acts 2:9.
Land: [291444]. The Hebrew text is corrupt at this point, and reads Tahtim-hodshi, the source
Ailas. Unidentified site said by Eusebius to lie of Eusebius' error. Excavated site. 34
Agalleim = Aigalleim, J: Agallim, Aegalim.
Eglaim, Mazra'a?—Land: 463 [201078] ¢ Rujm south of Ailath. 34
Ailath = Ailoth, Elath, Eloth, Asion Babai, Asion Gaber, J: Aeloth, Asiongaber, Esau, Gasonel Jalame, Humeimat on the Survey of Israel
Map—Gaz.:
54 [221078] ¢ Abel:
310-311. gaber, Gasion Gaber. Elath, Eloth, El-Paran, Aila, Berenice, 'Aqabah—Land: 434 [150882] «
Unexcavated. 36, 62 Aggai=Gai I, J: Ai. Khirbet et-Tell—Land: 430
Gaz.: 27 [150881] ¢ 'Aqaba—TYR: 59 [150881] e Essia—TIR: 123 ¢ Abel: 311-312. The true site
[174147] ¢ Abel: 239-240. Excavated site. 4, 6, of this Biblical city is unknown. The site of Tell
40, 43, 50, 66 Agla=Eglom.
Eglon, 'Agla, Khirbet 'Ajlan— el-Kheleifeh, excavated by N. Glueck in 1938—
1940 and never fully published, was, until Ailon I= Alous, J: Alus (in Dan). Elon, Ayalon,
Alous, Alus, Yalu, Yalo—Gaz.: 28 [152138] Wilkinson: 149 e 77R: 59 [153138] ¢ Abel: 240recently, accepted as the correct one. However, recent reappraisal of the unpublished evidence by Pratico (1993) has cast serious doubts on 241 (Aialon [1]) identifies this site with the Aialon of 1 Kings 4:9, and locates it at 'Alein this identification. It has also been pointed out that the equation of Elath and Ezion-geber
[153134], to the west of Beit Mahsir, or Khirbet Wady 'Alin [149128], between Deir Aban and does not necessarily hold, and that the two may, perhaps, be identified with completely
'Ain Shems—Abel: 312-313. While it is clear that Aharoni did not accept the identity of separate sites. A suggested alternative identifiAijalon and Elon, the spelling of Eusebius would certainly seem to lend itself to this cation for Ezion-geber is Coral Island (Jezirat
Fara'un, Ile de Graye, el Qureiye, el Deir, el Kasr Hadid, Emrag)—Rothenberg (1972) 202— interpretation. Unexcavated. 30
Ailon II. Ailon, Khirbet Haiyan?—Gaz.:
207, Fig. 1 [136875]. This identification is also supported by Alexander Flinder (1977). The [175145] ¢ Aialon II, Ailon—T/R: 59 [175145].
This tentative identification was made by AviYonah on the basis of Eusebius, and Khirbet
Haiyan does lie three Byzantine miles from island is unexcavated, but is known to have medieval remains. 6, 34, 36, 62, 90, 94 Aileim=J: Aelim II. Beer-elim. A town in Moab—see Abel: Vol. I: 461. 36
Beitin.
However, the argument is clearly circular, depending on the identification of Ailia= Jerusalem (Gk. Heirousalem), Iebus, Beitin with Bethel. An alternative identification
Salem I, J: Aelia, Solyma. Jerusalem, Aelia has been proposed by T/R: 60 with Ailmon as Khirbet 'Almit (q.v.), which would fit well with Capitolina, el-Quds al Maqdis—Land:
[172131] © Gaz.: 69-70 ¢ Hierosolyma—TIR: an identification of Bethel with El-Bireh.
Excavated site. 18
145-146 [171132] ¢ Abel: 360-363. Excavated site. 4, 6, 12, 14, 18, 24, 28, 32, 34, 37, 40, 42,
46, 48, 52, 58, 68, 70, 74, 82, 86, 92, 94, 96, 98, Ailoth, see Ailath. 34
Ailous = J: Aelus. Alush—Davies: 22, 84. Uniden102, 104 106, 108, 112, 114, 118, 120, 130, 132, tified. 10
Aimath I. The Entrance/Pass of Hamath, Ard 135, 144, 146, 153, 156, 162, 164, 168, 170, 172,
Ailim = J: Aelim I. Elim, Oasis in Wadi GaranDjouni?, Sahl Akkar/Sahl Bukeia—36°4' East
34°40' North. Probably the pass between the northern ends of the Lebanon and AntiLebanon ranges and the southern end of the del?—Davies: 83 ¢e Arandara, Garindani—7/7R:
66 [952856] ¢ Surandala—TIR: 237 ¢ Abel: 312.
One of the camps of the Exodus. Both Abel and Davies place it at an oasis in the Wady Garandel in southern Sinai. Unexcavated. 8
Ailmon=J: Aelmon. Almon, Alemeth, Ailamon, Jebel Ansariyeh range, though Aharoni identified this as the name of a town, Lebo-Hamath
(Lebo Hamath, Lebo, Labana, Lebweh—Land:
439 [277397]). Lebweh is unexcavated. 22
Khirbet 'Almit—Land: 430 [176136] © Gaz.: 27
Aimath Il=Epiphania, Emath I, Great Emath, [176137] © TIR: 60 [176137] © Abel: 242. TIR
Emath Rebba, J: Aemath II, Ameth, Emath Rabba. Hamath, Hama, Epiphania, Hama— states:
'"'Site in Judaea, identified by the Madaba Map as the site where the moon stood
Land: 435 [312503] « OBA: 128. Excavated site. still at the time of Joshua. Possibly identical
22, 37, 74, 82, 90, 96, 147, 163 Aims = J: Aemes. Ebez? Unidentified. 28
Ain=En Remmous, Eremmon, Ramade, Ramale, with Aialon II (q.v.)." (77R's Aialon II = Ailon
II in the present index.) This identification would fit much better with an identification of Remmon II, Thala, Thalcha, J: Remmus, Thella.
Bethel with El-Bireh. Unexcavated. 28
Ailom=Enemek, J: Aialon I, Enemec. Valley of 'En-rimm6n, Rimmon, Eremmon, Thala, Khirbet Khuweilfeh, Tel Halif—Land: 434 [137087]
Aijalon, Wady Selman—OBA: 121. 18, 84
[155259] © TIR: 204 [155259] ¢ Abel: 235-237.
¢ Khirbet Umm er Rumamin—Gaz.: 91 (Rimmon ['En Rimmén] II) [137086] ¢ Thala—Gaz.:
30, 52, 108, 116, 130, 137 Akeldama= Acheldamach, Field of Blood, J:
Aceldama.
Hagel dama', 'Field of Blood"
(Aramaic). Excavated site. 38, 102 Akkaron=J: Accaron. Ekron, Khirbet el-Mu-
100 [137087] © T7R: 122 [137086], 247 [137087] ¢
Abel: 318. 'En-rimmon is one of the towns of the Negeb of Judah. Eusebius appears to have confused it with the Levitical city of Juttah, which is located southwest of the Terebinth, ganna', Tel Miqne—Land: 434 [136131] ¢ Gaz.:
* $4 [135/6 131/2] ¢ Accaron, Ekron—TIR: 56 just south of Hebron, which appears also to [135131] © Abel: 319. Excavated site. 22, 72 have been called 'Ain at some time (perhaps in Akrabattine = J: Acrabittene, Acrabittena. Acrabthe text he was using) and Bethanin in his day. bein. The toparchy of which Akrabbein was the See also Asenna II. Excavated site. 24, 28, 88, headquarters. 14, 86, 108, 156, 160 Akrabbein= J: Acrabbi, Acrabbim.
Acrabeta, Acrabetta, 'Acraba, 'Aqrabah—Gaz.:
98, 144, 146 Ain II, see Bethanin.
Ainan= J: Aenam. Onan, Aenam, spring in Wadi Ri'a—Gaz.:
26 [163158] e Abel:
316.
Unexcavated. 8
Ainda= J: Aenda. Chinnereth, Chinneroth?, Gin- [182170] « Acraba—TIR: 56-57 [182170]. Unexcavated. Eusebius has confused this Roman city, which was the headquarters of a toparchy, with the "Ascent of the Scorpions" (Acrabnosar, Gennesar, Gennesaret, Genezareth, Ginbim), which was located somewhere southwest nosar, Khirbet 'Ureime, Khirbet el-'Oreimeh, of the Dead Sea. Unexcavated. 14
Aksaph= Achsaph, J: Acsaf. Achshaph, '"Aksap/ Tel Kinrot—Land: 433 [200252] ¢ Gaz.: 60
[200252] « Kinereth—T/R: 132 [200252] ¢ Abel:
Yaksap (Ahituv:
48-49), Aksaf, Chsalus?, Khirbet el-Harbaj?, Tel Regev?—Land: 429
299. Unexcavated. 34
Ainon= J: Aenon. Aenon, springs near Umm el 'Umdan—Gaz.: 26 (Aenon J) [201201] ¢ Khir- [158240] ¢ Abel: 237 is uncertain about which of several sites, not including Khirbet elbet Khisas ed-Deir—T7/R:
58 [200199].
Unexcavated. 40
Aiphraim I (in Benjamin), see Aphra. 28
Aiphraim II=J: Aefraim, Afarea (in Issachar).
Harbaj, is the correct location. Unexcavated.
On the location of Chsalus, which is probably incorrectly identified with Achshaph by EuHapharaim, Aphraia?
See Arbela III for sebius, see Acheseloth. 22, 30 Alae=J:
Alle. Halah on the Khabur, in the discussion of the problems of this site identifiterritory of Gozan, in southern Turkey. 36 cation. Et-Taiyibeh—Land: 435 [192223] e Alak, Mount = J: Aalac. Mt. Halak, Jebel Halaq.
Mountain in the central Negev southwest of the Dead Sea—Land: Maps 4, 14, 17. 20
Algad = Baalgad, J: Agad. Ba'al-gad. A site in the Abel:
¢ however, Apharaea, Khirbet Fureir—T/R: 64 [159226]. Unexcavated. 28
Aisia = J: Essia. Unidentified site near Eilat, on the shores of the Gulf of Aqaba. 36
Aitham I=J: Aethan.
'Eythan, "strong" (Hevalley between the Lebanon and Antilebanon mountains west of Mount Hermon. Possibly
Hasbaiya—Abel: 258-259 [214312]. 22, 48 brew). Not a place-name. 38
Aitham II, see Bouthan. 46
Akarka=J: Accarea. Karka, Karkaa, 'Ain QeAlimelech.
Allammelech, Elimelek—Abel:
66, seimah—Land: 72 [089007]. An oasis slightly northwest of Kadesh-barnea. Unexcavated. 24
Akcho= Amma I?, Ptolemais, J: Accho. Acco, Akko, 'Aka (Ahituv:
48), Ake, Ptolemais, Colonia Claudia Felix Ptolemais Germanica 241. Unidentified. 30, 31 Aloth=Louith, Loueith, Loueitha, J: Alaoth, Luith, Luitha. Luhith, Loueitha, Luhitu, Khirbet el-Dubab—Gaz.: 75 [206077] ¢ Abel: 370371 notes that Musil suggested Khirbet Fas,
Khirbet Medinet er-Ras, Rujm Madinat er-Ras Stabilis, Acre, St. Jean d'Acre, Tell el-Fukh- [204051] in the Ghor es-Safiye—also proposed khar, Tel Akko—Land: 429 [158258] ¢ Gaz.: 89
by Musil, while Abel himself suggests Jebel elHammtah, el Hammam, Hammam Tabariyeh,
Hame Teveriya—Land: 435 [201241] ¢ Gaz.: 64
Witat, Umm el-Witat on Musil's Map [205075] [202242] © Hamme Tiveria—7/R:
138-139 in the descent along Wadi Kerak, between ErRaba Rabbath-Moab/Kerak and the Ghor, not [201241] ¢ Abel: 342. Excavated site. 30
Amath II (in Asher), see Amod. 31
Amekassis = J: Amecassis. Emek-keziz, "abrupt far from Umm el-Qala, also on Musil's Map
[207077].
Both are unexcavated.
Aharoni (MBA: Map 7) refers to the slopes from the Transjordanian Plateau to the shores of the Dead Sea between al-Lisan and the northern
[cut-off] valley'? (Hebrew). A village, location unidentified, associated, in Josh. 18:21, with the towns of Jericho and Beth-hoglah, both of which are located on the west side of the River end of the Dead Sea simply as ""The Slopes."
See also Ares. 38
Aloua=J:
Allus. Alvah.
It is interesting that Eusebius records this as a place-name, as it 1s Jordan at the north end of the Dead Sea, meaning that this village was located in this area also. 28
Amma I. Ummah. Unidentified.
A number of listed in Genesis as the name of the head of an Edomite clan. 8 recent translators take this as a scribal error for Akko. 30
Amma II. Ammah, Hill of. An unidentified Alous, see Ailon I. 30
Alph=Sela I. Zela Haeleph, "the rock of the location on the road to the east of Gibeon. 34
Amman= Rabba I, Rabbath (Amman), Philadelthousand"?
(Hebrew).
Unidentified village grouped with Jerusalem, Gibeah, and Kiriath in Josh. 18:12, and hence probably somewhere phia, J: Amman I. Rabbah, Rabbath-ammon,
Rabbatamana, Philadelphia, 'Amman—Land: in the same region of south-central Benjamin.
441 [238151] ¢ Gaz.: 87-88 [238152]. Excavated Abel: 453 notes that Khirbet Salah [1695 1345] site. 12, 16, 24, 32, 94, 102, 104, 126, 132, 144, has been proposed, but that it is poorly suited by its situation.
Caphar Salama, Khirbet Salama, should perhaps also be noted. 28, 158 Amalek. The Biblical reference is to Gen. 14:7.
Ammathar (in Zebulon)=Remmon VI, Damna.
Dimna, Dimnah, Rimmon[ah], Rume, Rimmon, Rimmona, Rimmono, Romene, RumThe Amalekites were a nomadic people who mane, Rummdaneh, Horvat Rimona—Land: lived in the Negeb and northern Sinai and fought against the Israelites until their final
441 [179243] ¢ Abel: 437. Unexcavated. Dimnah is a textual error for Rimmon. 28, 78, 144
Ammathous=J: Aemath I, Amathus. Ammata, defeat by David. 112
Amalek, The Mountain of. An unidentified mountain in the territory of the Amalekites.
Ammathous, 'Amatho, 'Amathus, Hamtan, 'Amta, Tell 'Amtah—Gaz.: 28 [208182] ¢ Abel:
Amalekitis = J: Amalecitis. Region north of Petra 242-243. Unexcavated. 22
Ammoenia= J: Ammoenium. Chephar-ammoni.
Unidentified village associated, in Josh. 18:24, in Transjordan. 16
Amam. Unidentified town in the Negeb of Judah. with Ophni, also unidentified, and Geba, which Abel: 242 places it in the Wadi es-Sini (Wady
Khashim Zanna/Nahal 'Anim). The name appears to be preserved in Bir el-Hamam is tentatively identified with Khirbet et Tell
[174158] by Aharoni—Land: 434. 28
Ammon I, see Amman. 24, 134, 146 Ammon II (in Asher). Hammon, Umm el- 'Awamid—Land:
435 [164281] ¢ Abel:
(Hammon [1]). Unexcavated. 30
Amod=J:
Amath II. Amad, Amaad.
Un- [140068], which is unexcavated. 24
Amarchabob.
Beth-marcaboth.
Unidentified town in the Negeb of Judah, in the territory of Simeon. 28, 35 Amata=J: Ammata. Humtah. Unidentified vilidentified. 30
Amsa.
Mozah, 'Ammonus Kolonia, Qaluna, lage near Hebron. 26
Amath I (in Naphtali). Hammath, 'Ammathous,
direction, and Eusebius' translation of it as a place-name is incorrect. 34
Aneiel = Baitoanaia, Anaia III, Bethanatha, BataMosa, Qaloniya, Qalunya, Mevasseret
Ziyyon—Land: 440 [165134] ¢ Gaz.: 82 [165133] « Colonia, Emmaus, Moza—TIR: 105 [165133] e naia, J: Aniel, Betoaenea, Anea, Bethana, Abel: 392-393. Unexcavated. 28
Batanaea. Neiel, Ianahl (Greek), Inahl (Greek), Anab, see Anob. 26
Anaeogaua (of Hena, of Ivvah)=J: Aneugaua.
Inhi (Egyptian hieratic), Batanaia, Beityannay, 'Anin, Khirbet Ya'nin, Horvat Ya'anin—Land:
Two cities in Syria, probably north Syria, each 440 [171255] ¢ Abel: 398 © 'Anin—Gaz.: 37 the capital of an independent kingdom.
(Beth Anath I) [165211] * Betoaenea, Batanaea, Unidentified. 38
(Beth Yannai?)—T/7R: 88 [165211]. In Onom. 30
Euesbius refers to Aniel = Baitoanaia as tribe of Asher (Josh. 19:27) but in Onom. 52 he refers to Bethanatha=Batanaia as tribe of Naphtali Anaia I= Aneon, J: Anea I, Anen. Anim, Khirbet
Ghuwein et-Tahta, Horvat 'Anim—Land: 430
[156084] e Anae, Ghuwein el Gharbiye, Ghuwein esh Shargiye—Gaz.: 28 [156084] ¢ Anaea,
(Josh. 19: 38). He equates two Biblical sites Ghuwein el Gharbiye et Tahta, Horvat 'Anim—TIR: 62 [156084] ¢ Abel: 244. While with the same village—Baitoanaia/Batanaia—
15 milestones east of Caesarea Philippi. In Onom. 52 Eusebius notes a previous mention of there seems to be agreement that these two sites are the ones in question, Avi-Yonah was '""Anaia" when it is in fact '"'Aneiel,"' the site most likely corresponding to the village. For unclear which was which. 77R seems more certain and probably more correct.
UnexBethanatha, see below. Unexcavated. 30, 52 cavated. 26
Aneim, see Anaia II. 26
Anemelech. Anammelech. A god of the people of Anaia I[=Aneim I, J: Anea II. Anaea, Anim,
Aneim (1), Khirbet Ghuwein et-Tahta, Horvat Sephervaim settled at Samaria by the 'Anim—SMM: §15: 1-061 & Section 15: 2-061
Assyrians. 36
[156084] « Ghuwein esh-Sharqiye el-Fauqa— Aneon, see Anaia I. 26
Anerth=J: Anereth. Anaharath, Anhrt (EgypTIR: 62 [157085]. Here, as with Anaia I, TIR seems preferable. Unexcavated. 26 tian), Tell el-Mukharkhash?, Tel Rekhesh—
Anaia III, see Bethanatha. 52
Anameel. Tower of Hananel. A tower on the city Land: 430 [194228] ¢ en-Na'ura, Neoran—A bel: walls of Hellenistic Jerusalem, probably located
243 ¢ Gaz.: 84 [187224]. Unexcavated. 28
Anob= Anab. Anab, Khirbet 'Anab es-Seghireh beside the Fish Gate, on the northern wall of —Land: 430 [145091] ¢ Abel: 243 ¢ Khirbet the city and of the Temple enclosure. NBA:
'Anab el Kabir—Gaz.: 28 [143089] ¢ Khirbet 'Anab—TIR: 62 [143089]. Unexcavated. Eu103. 38
Anathon. Hannathon, Hinnatuna (el-Amarna), sebius wrongly identifies this with Betoannaba.
Asochis, Tell el-Bedeiwiyeh, Tel Hannaton— Land: 435 [174243] ¢ Gaz.: 33 [174243] e Shihin—T/R:
70 [174243] © Abel:
343.
Unexcavated. 28
20, 26 Anoua I= J: Anua I. Neah. Unidentified. ""One of the tells of the Sahel el-Battof' (Abel: 396). 28
Anoua I= J: Anua II. Neah?, Anuathu Borcaeus, Anathoth. Anathoth, Ras el-Kharribeh—Land:
Khirbet Bergit—TI/R: 63-64 [175166]. Unexca430 [174135] e 'Anata—Gaz.: 28 [174135] ¢ TTR: vated. A village 10 stadia (c. 1.15 miles, or 1.85 km) south of Neapolis/Nablus. 28
Antharim= J: Aetherim. Way of the Atharim— 62 [174135] e 'Anata, Ras el-Kharribe—Abel:
243-244 e 'Anata—Wilkinson: 49-50 [174135].
Unexcavated. 26
Anegb=J: Annegeb. Ha-negeb, "the south"
(Hebrew). The proper name of the desert region Land: Map 3, Road 19 e Dorsey 1991: 49-50,
124-127, 217-218, who identifies the route reconstructed by Aharoni as running from Tell
Malhata to Hebron via Arad. 10 to the south of Judaea, equivilant to the later Daroma, is used here as a simple indication of
Antilibanos = J: Antilibanus. Antilebanon range Aphousoth, see Aophsith. 36 of mountains which parallels the portion of the Aphra= Aiphraim I, Ophra, J: Afra, Ofra.
Ophrah, Apharaema, Chateau de Saint-Helyes, et-Tatyibeh—Land:
440 [178151] © Gaz.: 29
Great Rift Valley between the Homs Gap on the north and Mt. Hermon on the south. 18
[178151] ¢ Ephraim, Horvat 'Ofrat—TIR: 64
Antioch.
Antioch in Syria, Antioch on the [178151] ¢ Abel: 402 ('Ophra [1]). Unexcavated.
Orontes, Antioch near Daphne, Antakiyeh, Antakya (Turkish)—OBA:
122 [36°15' East 28, 142 Aphraia, see Aiphraim II and Arbela III. 28
36°55' North]. Excavated site. 133, 147 Ar, see Areopolis. 10
Antipatris, see Aphek II (in Sharon). 68, 72 Aophsith = Aphousoth, J: Afusoth, Aofsithe. HofAraba I= Gemela, Mela, J: Safforine. The portion of the Great Rift Valley between the shuth, "separate, apart" (Hebrew). Not a placename. 36
Aphaka (in Judaea)=J: Afeca IH. Aphekah, Khirbet ed-Darrame? (Alt), Khirbet Kana'an —Abel: 247 (Aphega [2]) ¢ Khirbet el-Hadab— southern end of the Dead Sea and the northern end of the Gulf of Aqaba, also known as the Valley of Salt. Probably the plain at the southern end of the Dead Sea. 12, 16, 72, 132
Araba II. 'Arraba—Gaz.: 30 [182250] ¢e Gabara— SMM: §15:2-072 [155098]. Unexcavated. 26
Aphek I (in Asher)=J: Afec Il. Aphigq, RecorTIR: 127 [182250]. Town in Lower Galilee.
District headquarters. Seat of priestly family Pethahiah (Gaz.: 30). Unexcavated. 16
Araba III. 'Arrabtine—Gaz.: 30 [184213], cf. Tell dane, Tell Kurdane, Tel Afeq—Land: 430 [160250] ¢ Abel: 246 (Apheq [2]). Unexcavated. 34
Aphek II (in Sharon)=Antipatris, J: Afec I, Zahra—TIR: 66 [192213]. Village three miles
Afeka I, Arethusa. Aphek, Pegae, Arethusa, west of Scythopolis. Unexcavated. 16
Antipatris, Antoniniana, Le Toron aux FounAraba, Sea of = Sea of Asphalt, Sea of Salt, Dead taines Sourdes, Rosh ha-'Ayin, Ras el-'Ain, Tel
Afeq—Land: 430 [143168] ¢ Gaz.: 29 [143168] « Sea. Dead Sea, Asphaltites lacus—Gaz.: 51 ¢
Mare Mortuum, Mare Salinarum, Asphaltites TIR: 63 [143168] ¢ Abel: 245-246 (Antipatris),
246 (Aphek [1]) ¢ Wilkinson: 150. Excavated Lacus—T7/7R: 179 ¢ Bahr Lut—OBA: 127. 12,
16, 22, 42, 48, 68, 86, 96, 100, 104, 150 site.
It may also appear under the name Arabia. The Roman province of Arabia, later Laseron (q.v.). 22
Aphek III (in Gilead), see Apheka I.
Apheka I (in Gilead)=J: Afeca I. Aphek, Arabia Petraea. 10, 12, 16, 24, 46, 47, 60, 64,
80, 84, 102, 104, 110, 112, 118, 124, 128, 136, 142, 144, 166, 172 Araboth Moab = Plain of Moab. The area of lowApheca, Khirbet el-Asheq? = 'En Gev— Land:
430 [210243] ¢ Fiq?—Gaz.: 29 [216242] e Afiq— lying level land on either side, or on the east, of TIR: 64 [216242] ¢ Fiq—Abel: 246-247 (Aphek the River Jordan immediately north of the [3]). Unexcavated. 22
Aphesdomeim = Dommein, J: Afesdomim, DomDead Sea. Land: 262. 12, 104 Arad = Ader I, Edrai II, J: Edre. Tell "Urad, Tell mim. Ephes-dammim, Gennabatein?—Abel:
'Arad, Tel 'Arad—Land: 430 [162076] © Gaz.:
318. Possibly the name of an area, between 30 [162076] ¢ TTR: 66 [162076] ¢ Abel: 248-249.
The site of Eusebius' Arad was identified by Abel as Kh. el-Milh. Aharoni's excavations at Socoh and Azekah, rather than a town or village. 34
Aphnei=J: Afni. Ophni. A village, precise locaTell 'Arad revealed a complete gap between the tion unidentified, associated, in Josh.
18: 24, Early Bronze city and the border fortress of the with Geba, which is tentatively identified by Aharoni with Khirbet et-Tell—Land:
Israelite kingdom. At the same time the excavations of M. Kochavi at Kh. el-Milh/Tel
Malhata revealed a major Middle Bronze II [174158] and hence is probably also located somewhere in the northern part of the territory city, destroyed early in the life of the Late of Benjamin. 28
Ill
[214203] not far from Pella, which is a possible candidate. 14
Arbela III (in Jezreel)=Aphraia, Ephratha, J:
Bronze I culture. Because a battle with a king of Arad forms part of the conquest narrative,
Aharoni has identified the Canaanite city of Arad with Tell el-Milh (see Amalaathos). As Efratha II. Ophrah of Abiezer?, 'pr (Egyptian),
'Ophrat-Ba'ala, 'Afrabala, 'Aphariym, 'AphBimson has pointed out, this does not provide raia, Ephratha, Forbelet, el-"Affuleh, "Afula—
Land: 440 [177223] ¢ TIR: 67 [177223]. Aviany evidence to resolve the problem confronting Aharoni, as Tell el-Milh was also unoccu- '
Yonah saw Arbela as separate from Apharaea, which he sought to locate at Khirbet Fureir— pied at the time of the generally accepted date of the Exodus and Conquest in the 13th century
Gaz.: 29 [159226] ¢ TIR: 64 [159226]. As Abel points out (Abel: 343), it has been objected that this site is too far to the west to be identified with the village and location named by Eusebius. Similarly, the alternative, et-Taiyibeh
(see Aiphraim II), is too far away from Legio, and is east, not north, of it. In consequence, neither of these proposed sites seems really convincing, if Eusebius' description of the location of the village is taken seriously.
Aharoni argues (Land: 263), in effect, that Aphraia and Arbela are the same, which would not be unusual given Eusebius' multiple reduplication. The most widely accepted identification for Ophrah of Abiezer is et-Tatyibe—
Abel: 402 [192223]. However, Aharoni argues against this, and identifies this site as Hapharaim (Josh. 19: 19; see above as Aiphraim II).
Only Afula has been excavated. 14, 28 Arbo=Chebron, Arbok, Kariatharbo, J: Arbe, Arboc, Cariatharbe. Kiriath-arba, Hebron, el
Khalil—Land: 436 [160103] ¢ Gaz.: 64 [160103] B.c. The possibility of a confusion of traditions in the compilation of the text, or of an aeteological legend, cannot, however, be ruled out. 14, 20, 32, 86 Aranneim, see Aroneiem. 36
Ararat. Range of mountains in Eastern Anatolia (Urartu). 2, 38 Arath. Khirbet Hareish, Horvat Harat—Gaz.: 30
[164132], see also Arith. Unexcavated. 34
Arbela I (in Gilead)= Abela I], Bela, J: Arbel.
Riblah—Land: 73. Location unknown. Possibly modern Irbid=Roman/Byzantine Arbela, cf. Gaz.: 30—Arbela III [230218] ¢ Beth-arbel,
Arbela, Irbid—OBA: 122 ¢ Abel: 249. In Onom.
14 Eusebius refers to Arbela, calling it a city on the eastern boundary of Judaea. However, the item falls in a set of place-names associated with the boundaries of Canaan, not Judaea.
The Biblical reference given (Num. 34:11) refers to Riblah, a point on the eastern boundary of Canaan left unidentified by Aharoni (Land:
73). Eusebius distinguishes the Arbela near Legio (Gaz.: 30—Arbela in Jezreel='Affula e Hevron—T/7R: 141 [160103] ¢ Abel: 345-347.
Unexcavated. 6, 8, 14, 24, 26, 42, 50, 52, 76, 84, 85, 92, 106, 112, 114, 118, 124, 136, 170, 172
Arbok, see Arbo. 170
Archelaus, Tomb of. Tumulus Archelai. Road [177223]) and he makes no mention of Arbela by Tiberias (Gaz.: 30—Arbela I [196247]), so he must be referring to Arbela in northern Transjordan—modern Irbid. Aharoni identiStation. Name may be a mistake for Rachel's
Tomb (Gaz.: 31 [169125]). Unexcavated. 45
Archiataroth = Ataroth II? Archi, Archi-Ataroth, Ataroth, Ataroth-Addar, Addar, 'Ain elArik—Abel: 249-250 [163146] ¢ Kefr 'Aqab—
Abel: 255-256 [171143]. As Ataroth must be west of Bethel, the former of these two identifications is the least unlikely. Unexcavated. 26
Arebba= Robbo, J: Rebbo. Rabbah (in northern fied this as ancient Beth-arbel (Land: 431
[229218]), which need not be any obstacle to its identification as Riblah, as many towns had several names, or several variations on a single name. Unexcavated. 14, 32, 46 Arbela If (in Gilead).
Unidentified.
Eusebius appears to distinguish this from Arbela I, which was clearly not a village in his day, and is, moreover, too far east to be in the borders of Judaea), Rabba, Rabatou, Robboh, Rubute Pella. There is today a village called Kufr Abil
(el-Amarna), Khirbet Hamideh—Land:
road running along the Wadi Sirhan (Land:
Map 3, Road 12). He is said to have attacked [149137] ¢ Robbo, Rebbo, Khirbet Rebba— TIR: 215 [148118] ¢ Abel: 423-424 identifies it the Midianites at Karkor, and then returned to with Suba, which is today identified with Seboim—Gaz.: 94 [162132] ¢ Khirbet Ribba— the Jordan Valley by the Ascent of Heres. The name 'Heres' (""devoted"—BDB:
355-356) Gaz.: 90 [148118]. These may be two different occurs several times in place-names in the sites called Rabbah, or they may represent the movement of the site with the preservation of Bible, twice in connection with a place in Mt.
Ephraim (Har-heres—Judges 1: 35, Timnaththe name in different periods. Unexcavated. 26, heres—Judges 2:9), and twice in connection
with a place in Transjordan (Kir-Heresh— Jeremiah 48: 31, 36), which is identified as Kerak (Kir-hareseth—Land: 438 [217066]). The most striking ascent in the immediate neighbourhood of Kerak is the route up the Wady
Kerak from the Wady Arabah, and a return home by this route would fit the narrative, as Ared. 'En-harod, 'Ain Jalud—MB4A: 178° SMM:
§15:2, No. 326 [183217]. Unexcavated. 32
Arem=Bethariph, J: Arim, Betharif.
Betharif, Bethariph, Beit Arif, Deir Tarif—Gaz.:
[1434.151] ¢ 7T7R: 80 [143151]. Unexcavated.
Neither Arem nor Bethariph occurs in the the next site mentioned is Succoth. Aharoni
Bible. According to SECB "'Arim"' is a variant identifies this as the Way of Horonaim (Land:
Map 3, Route 17). However, the narrative he of the name Kiriath-jearim, and a town of Kiriath is mentioned in Josh.
18: 28, which, cites as evidence for this identification (Isa. 15: being a verse in a list of the towns of Benjamin, may explain the reference to Arem in the 5) gives insufficient evidence for a precise identification. If, as Aharoni suggests, Horonaim should be identified with el-'Iraq (Land: territory of Benjamin. This does not, however, explain the identification of Arem with Beth436 [211055]), it is possible that there was an ariph, which is unquestionably in the territory of Ephraim. Two possibilities remain: either ancient route up Wadi Hudeira, although this seems somewhat unlikely, or possibly Wadi there has been some textual corruption, or Eusebius had acquired a confused tradition, which conflated Arem (Kiriath-arim/KiriathHasa, which is more probable. 32, 36
Argob. A region within Bashan—Land: 314, Map 23, and see Erga. 16 jearim) with Arimathea, which is near DiospoAriel. "Lion of God' (Hebrew). Not a placelis. Alternatively, ""Arem" may represent an name. 36
Arima =Rouma, J: Ruma. Arumah, Khirbet elotherwise unrecorded place named Ramah in Ephraim. 28
Areopolis= Ar, Rabbath Moab, Aroer, Aroueir, Moab II, J: Aruir I, Er, Great Moab, Rabba II.
Rabbath Moab, Rabbathmoba, Rabathmoma, 'Ormah—Land:
430 [180172] ¢ Abel:
251.
Unexcavated. 32, 144 Arimathaia, see Armathem Seipha. 32, 144 Arina (Ari).
A Hebrew word meaning a young 'Ar Moab, Ar, Er, Aroer, Khirbet er Raba— lion. Not a place-name. 36
Gaz.: 90 [220076] « Abel: 425. Excavated site.
Arisoth.
Harosheth-ha-goiim, Tell el--Amr— OBA:
130 [159237] ¢ Gaba Hippeum, elHarithiye?—Gaz.: 57 [160236] e Gaba Hippeon, el-Harithiyeh—T/R: 125 [160236] ¢ Haritiye?,
10, 32, 36, 76, 80, 104, 122, 124.
Ares. The Ascent of Heres. The verse cited forms part of the narrative of Gideon's battle at Karkor (Judges 8:10). Gideon is said to have crossed the River Jordan at Succoth (see Therama), and along the Way of the Nomads
Tell 'Amar?—Abel: 343-344. Aharoni prefers to see this as a regional name, the earlier equivalent of "Galilee of the Nations" (Isa. 9:
"eastwards of Nobah [Nobah/Kenath in southern Syria] and Jogbehah" (NJB Judges 8:11).
Aharoni identifies the Way of the Nomads as a 1)—Land: 221. Unexcavated. 32
Arith. The Forest of Hereth, (near) Khirbet
Asademoth= J: Assaremoth.
Shedemah, "'cultiHarat?, Khirbet Hareish—Gaz.:
30 [164132], vated field" (Hebrew). Not a place-name. 38
Asan I (in Judaea).
Bethasan, Khirbet Deir Hassan—TIR:
80 [160145] ¢ Abel:
268. see Arath e near Keilah (Khirbet Qila—Land:
438 [150113]) ¢ Abel: 343. Unexcavated. 34
Arkem. Rekem (III). Unidentified town in the Unexcavated. 26 district of Hebron. Eusebius has confused it with Rekem (I) in Midian. 36
Arma = Ermana, Sepheth, J: Erma, Sefeth. ZephAsan II (in Simeon)=Euein, J: Evim. Ezem, Azem, Khirbet Umm el-'Azem (on Musil's map
[140057]), Thaffa (on PEF Map of the Negev [142057])—Abel: 254. Unexcavated. 26, 28, 86 ath, Sephath, Hormah, Khirbet el-Meshash,
Tel Masos—Land: 436 [146069] ¢ Abel: 350.
Asar, see Asarsoual. 28
Excavated site. 34, 82, 158 Armathem Seipha=Arimathaia, Harmathaim, Asarenan= Aserna, Enan, J: Aserenam, Asernai.
Remphis, J: Arimathaea, Armathem Sofim, Armathem, Remfthis. Ramathaim-zophim, RaHazar-enon,
Hazar-enan, Qaryatein—Land:
436 [360402] ¢ Abel: 344. Unexcavated. 14, 96 mathaim, Arimathea, Armatha, Remphthis, Rentis—Gaz.: 31 [151159] ¢ TIR: 67 [152159] «
Asarsoual= Asar, Soual, J: Asarsual, Saal. Hazar-shual, Khirbet Watan?—Abel: 51 [131062] e
Abel: 428-429. Unexcavated. See also Arem.
Land: 410 identifies Khirbet el-Watan as Molo32, 144, 160 Armenia. A district in eastern Anatolia. 2, 4, 38, day. Town in the Negeb of Judah. Unexcavated. 24, 28, 156
Arnon=J: Arnonas. Wady Muyjib [202098 to Asasan Thamar=Thamar I, J: Asasonthamar, Thamara.
Hazazon-tamar, Tamar, Tamara, 226098 to 235070]. 10, 12, 20, 44, 76, 92, 104, Qasr el-Juheiniye, Mesad Tamar—Land: 442,
124, 136 'Ain Husb, Hazeva [173024] ¢ Gaz.: 99 [173024] Arnonas, see Arnon. 11
Aroer (in Moab), see Areopolis. 12, 104 Aroneiem = Aranneim, J: Aroniim, Orannim. The Ascent of Horonaim. A road leading from Zoar e Mezad Tamar, Qasr el-Juheiniye? or 'En Hazeva, 'Ein el-Husb?—T7/R: 247 [173048] or [173024], respectively « Abel: 344-345, 475.
This name is identified with Old Testament into the hill country of Moab. Possibly the Tamara, although excavation makes it clear same as the Ascent of Heres (see Ares), that is,
Wadi Kerak, or possibly one of the other major that two separate sites must be involved.
Biblical Tamar was fortified by Solomon (1 Kings 9:18), while excavations at 'Ain Husb by wadis slightly to the south. 36
Aroueir I, see Areopolis. Eusebius' identification Prof. M. Gichon revealed an initial Nabataean occupation, followed by one phase of Roman of this site with a village north of Jerusalem
(Aroueir II) is erroneous, since Judges 8: 11 makes it clear that the reference is to Aroer in and two of Byzantine occupation. 8
Asdod= Azotos, J: Azotus.
Ashdod, Azotus Hippenus sive Mesogaeus, Esdtid, Isdtd, Tel Ashd6d—Gaz.:
34 [1178.1289] e Land: 431
Transjordan. 32
Aroueir I[=J: Aruir II. Aruir, 'Arura—T7/R: 68
[166161]. Eusebius states that this village is 6 [117129] ¢ Azotos Hippenos sive Mesogaios— miles north of Jerusalem, while Jerome states
TIR: 72 [117129] ¢ Abel: 253-254 ¢ Wilkinson: that it is 20. Unexcavated. 32
Arphad=J: Arfad. Arpad, Tell er-Refad, Tell 150 [1173.1292]. Excavated site. 20, 22, 24, 54,
72, 106 Asedeim = J: Aseddim. Ziddim, Khirbet Kadish?
—OBA: 143, map on p. 63 [c. 201237]. UnexRifa'at [36°30' East 36° North]. City, capital of a kingdom north, and slightly west, of Aleppo in northern Syria. Excavated, but unpublished, cavated. 30
Asedek = J: Aares, Asedec. Ir Haheres. Unidentisite. 38
Asadada, Sadada, Sadala. Zedad, Sadad—Land: fied Egyptian city. 38
Asedoth I. Ashdoth, "slopes" (Hebrew). The 443 [330420] ¢ Abel: I: 304. Unexcavated. 14,
154, 162
foothills of Mount Pisgah. 16
Asedoth II. Foothills of the Central Range of the 70 [187194] ¢ Abel: 254
¢ SMM:
9815: 2, Reference No. 097—Aser [187194]. 26
Judaean hill country, otherwise known as the Shephelah. 18
Aserna, see Asarenan. 14
Aseroth=J:
Azeroth.
Haseroth (Sinai), 'Ain Khadra/Khudra/Hudra—Land: 436 [095814] e Asedoth Phasgo = J: Asedoth Fasga. This appears
Abel: 344. Unexcavated. 10 to be a mistranslation of the statement that Joshua "cut off' (killed) the inhabitants of the Ashur. Ashur, Qalat Sharqat (43°16 East, 35°27'
North). The original capital of the Assyrians. land. 16
Asel = J: Asael. Jasol. A point on one side of the Hinnom Valley in Jerusalem. 38
Excavated site. 136
Asia = J: Essia. A site near Elath and the Gulf of Aqaba, location unknown. 62
Asimath= J: Asima. Ashima. A god of Hamath, Asemona = Aesimon. Hashmonah, Asemon, Aserim, Azmon,
'Ain el-Quseimah—Davies:
47, not a place name. 36
100, n. 13 ¢ Abel: 254-255. An important oasis Asion Babai, see Ailath. 36 near Qadeis. A stopping place of the Exodus.
Asion Gaber, see Ailath. 36
Askalon= Phulisteiem J: Ascalon, Fylistiim. AshUnexcavated. 10, 14 Asenna I (in Judaea). Ashnah, Idna, Adna, kelon, 'Asqalan, Tel Ashqelon—Land:
'Iedna, Jedna, Idna—Abel: 255 (Asna [2]) ¢ [107118] ¢ Gaz.: 32 [106118] ¢ Wilkinson: 150
Gaz.: 68 [147107] ¢ TIR: 151 [147107]. 26
[107119] ¢ T7R: 68-70 [107119] * Abel: 252-253.
Excavated site. 20, 22, 24, 32, 156, 166, 168 Asna (in Judaea). Ashnah, 'Aslin, Horvat Kefar
Asenna II (in Simeon) = Borasan, Essan, J: Esan.
Borashan, Ashan, Ain, Khirbet 'Asan, Ha Nasi?—OBA: 123 [121082] ¢ WHAB: 122 « Tell
Soreq—Abel: 255 (Asna [1]) [145131] ¢ Kefr Hasan, Ta'oz-Smith (18th ed.): Plate IV [148
Beit Mirsim, Tel Bet Mirsham?, where, according to T7R: 70 there are 'Hellenistic remains," excavated by W. F. Albright, cf. Ain ¢ Land:
1345]. Unexcavated. 24
Asochis, see Anathon.
262, 354, 460 [141096] ¢ Abel: 52 suggested Asor I (in Naphtali)=Assour I, Eser, Esrom, J:
Khirbet 'Asan [125076]. 28, 56, 86 Assur, Old Aser.
Hazor, Tel Waqqas/Tell Waggas, Tell el-Qedah, Tel Hazor—Land: 436
Aser I, see Asor I. 24
Aser II. Hazar-gaddah, Khirbet Ghassa, Horvat [203269] ¢ Abel: 345 (Hazor [1]). Excavated site.
Uza—Abel: 344 [165068]. However, SMM: §15:
20, 30, 34, 84, 90 2, No. 702 proposes this as possibly the site of Ramoth Negeb, as does Land: 441. Of course
Asor Il1=New Asor, J: Aser I, New Aser. Hazor Hadattah, "'New Village' (Hebrew), el-Hudeira
—Abel: 345 [169086]. Unexcavated. 20, 24 the two suggestions need not be mutually exclusive. Eusebius has confused this town with Asor III, see Enasor. 96 a village with a similar name, in the text he was
Asphalt, Sea of, see Araba, Sea of. 100 using, between Ashdod and Ascalon. 24
Assour, see Asor I. 34
Aser III. Hazor Ashdod?, Aser?, Yasur?—T/R:
Assyria = Land of the Assyrians, Nimrod. A king70 [126130]. A village between Ashdod and Ascalon whose name was similar to that of dom in northern Mesopotamia. 4, 40, 82, 140,
Aser II (Hazar-gaddah) in the text used by Assyrians, Land of the, see Assyria. 174
Eusebius. If the current identification is correct, Hazor Ashdod does not lie between Ashdod
Astaroth I, see Astaroth Karnaein. 12
Astaroth I[=J: Ataroth I. Ataroth (Reuben/ Gad), Khirbet 'Attarus—Land: 431 [213109] and Ascalon, but northeast of Ashdod; some doubt must, therefore, exist as to its identity
Abel: 255 (Ataroth [1]). Unexcavated. 12 with Yasur. 24
Aser IV. Asher (perhaps also Michmethath— Astaroth Karnaein= Astoroth Karneim, Astaroth
Karnaim, Astraroth I, Beesthara, Karnaia I, Josh. 17:7), Tayasir—Gaz.: 32 [187194] ¢ TIR:
LS:
II) [165192] © TYR: 71 [165192] ¢ Abel: 256. 26
Karnaeim, J: Astaroth Carnaim, Carnaea I, Atarouth, see Ataroth I and II.
Athach. Athach—Abel: 56 suggests that this is a Carnaim. Ashtaroth, Astaroth Karnaim, Tell
'Ashtara—Land:
[243244] e Gaz.:
scribal error for Ether (Abel: 321—Ether [2]), which he locates at Khirbet 'Attir, 10 km southwest of Beersheba. 34
[245246], or Tell esh Sheikh Sa'ad [247250].
Unexcavated. 6, 12, 50, 112 Astaroth Karneim, see Astaroth Karnaein. 112
Astaroth Sophar. Ataroth Sophar, Atrothshophan—Abel: 56. Unidentified. 12
Asthaol=Astho, Esthaol.
Eshtaol, Esthaol, Eshthaol, Ishwa', Eshtaol—Land:
Ather. Ether, Khirbet el-'Ater, Tel Eter—Land:
434 [138113] ¢ Abel: 321 (Ether [1]). Unexcavated. 26
Aueim= J. Avim. Avvim, 'Awim, Khirbet Haiyan?—Abel: 257 [175145] ¢ Aharoni, however, [151132] + Gaz
SG (151131)
te TR
identified Khirbet Haiyan as Aiath—Land: 430.
[151131] ¢ Abel: 320-321. Unexcavated. Eu-
sebius locates it at a village called Astho between Ashdod and Ascalon.
If the place Aueith, see Gethem. 62
Aulon= Aulon of Jericho, Desert of Jericho. The Eusebius refers to was named Eshtaol, it is
Jordan Valley—Gaz.: 33 ¢ TIR: 71. 14, 34, 86, additional to the city mentioned in the Bible.
The location given above is that of the Danite
Aun, see Bethaun. 176
Eshtaol (see Josh. 19:41) listed in the Judaean Auothiaeir, see Auoth Iaeir. 34 towns in the verse referred to. T/7R: 68 refers to Auoth Iaeir=Auothiaeir, Iaeir, J: Auothiair, a possible identification of this town with Auoth Jair, Auothiair, Epauleis lair. Havvoth- 'Artuf [150130]. 24, 88, 106, 158 Asthemo = Esthemo, Esthama, J: Asthemoe. Eshjair, "The encampments of Jair" (Hebrew). A region in northern Gilead—Land: 209, Maps 15 temoh, Eshtemoa, Esthemoa, Asthemo, Estheand 23. 18, 34, 44, 106, 116
Ausitidis = J: Ausitis. The region from which Job mo, es-Semt'—Land: 434 [156089] © Gaz.: 56
[156089] ¢ es-Samu'a—T/R:
123 [156089] ¢ is said to have come, probably in the south of Abel: 321. Unexcavated. 26, 86, 90 Edom. 142
Astho, see Asthaol. 24
Ataroth I (in Reuben/Gad).
Azanoth. Aznoth-tabor, Umm Gebeil?, Khirbet el-Jebeil?, Tel Aznot Tavor—Land:
Ataroth III (in Benjamin)=Atarouth, Adar, J:
[186237] ¢ Abel: 64, 258. Unexcavated. 30
Azeka=J: Azeca. Azekah, Khirbet Tell ZakariAtarus.
Ataroth-addar, Ataroth, Khirbet 'Atara & Khirbet Rafat—Gaz.: 33 (Ataroth I) [168142 & 170142] (double village)
© 77R: 71
yeh, Tel 'Azekah—Land: 431 [144123] © Gaz.:
34 [144123] ¢ Khirbet el-'Almi, at the foot of [168141 & 170142] ¢ Abel: 255-256. UnexTel 'Azeqa—TIR:
72 [144123] e Abel: 257. cavated. 26
Ataroth III (in Ephraim). Ataroth, AtarothExcavated site. 18
Azor, see lazer. 12 addar, Atarouth, el 'Attara—Gaz.: 33 (Ataroth
B Baal I, see Baian. 46
35 [219121] « Abel: 159, 264. Unexcavated. 44, 46, 48, 134 Baal I1=Kariathbaal, Kariathiareim, Iareim, J:
Bainith, see Baithanne. 58
Baithaggan=J: Bethagan. Beth-haggan, Gina, Cariathbaal, Cariathiarim, Iarim. Baalah, Kiriath-ba'al, Kiriath-jearim, Jarim, Deir el 'Azar,
Tel Qiryat Ye'arim—Land: 438 [159135] ¢ Gaz.:
Ginae, Ginan, Ginnay, Jenin—Land:
74 [159135] ¢ Deir el-Azhar—T7R: 100 [159135] [178207] © Gaz.: 62 [178207] © TIR: 135-136
[178207]. Unexcavated. 56 e Abel: 419-421. Unexcavated. 48, 106, 114,
Baithakath. Beth-eked, Bethacath, Beit Qad— Gazz 36 [183208] «s77Rs 79" [183203].
Unexcavated. 56
Baithanne = Bainith, J: Baenith. Succoth-benoth.
A shrine built by the Babylonians settled at Samaria by the Assyrians. Not a place-name.
Baala, see Baian. 48
Baalasor.
Baal-hazor, Tell '"Astr—Land:
[177153] ¢ Jebel el 'Astr—Gaz.: 34 [177154] Abel: 259. Unexcavated. 56
Baalermon, see Aermon. 54
Baithel = Bethel, Louza I, Oulammaous, J: AmugBaaleth, see Baloth. 52, 54 Baalgad, see Algad. 48
Baalthamar = Beththamar, J: Beththamari. Ba'aldalon, Bathel, Luza I, Ulammaus. Luz, Bethel,
Beitin—Land: 432 [172148] ¢ Gaz.: 38 [173147] e tamar, Beththamar, Beit Tamar—Gaz.:
TIR?
81 {173.147} (¢- Abel® 270227 ti his [172137]. Unexcavated.
OBA:
123 suggests Ras et-Tawil [172136]
¢ TIR: 86 [172137]
¢ identification was first made by Robinson in while Abel: 260 suggests Dahret el-Qebliye, which is perhaps the same as Ras et-Tawil.
1838, and, in spite of some objections, most recently by Bimson, is still generally accepted, although it can in no sense be said to be proven,
Excavations at this site by S. Gibson and A.
Kloner revealed a Byzantine monastery which continued in use well into the early Islamic as it is based on Robinson's comparison of the ancient and modern place-names, and remains unsupported by any direct ancient inscriptional period. Although no earlier occupation is mentioned in the reports, the text where this name is found is equally open to interpretation evidence.
Eusebius gives unusually detailed information on the location of Bethel. In the entry concerning Gibeon (see Gabaon, 66), as referring to a place in the countryside, as opposed to a town. 56
Baarou = Bare, J: Baaru. Baaras, Zerqa Ma'in— Bethel is placed four milestones east of Gibeon, the location of which is fixed with certainty at el-Jib. The SWP map shows a track leading
Gaz.: 34 [207113] ¢ Abel: 260, & Vol. I: 460. directly north from el-Jib to Raf-fat and on to Unexcavated. 44, 112 Babel (Babylon). A city of southern Mesopotael-Bira (the ancestor of the present RafatRamallah road, which has grown from a branch of the old track). The direct distance between el-Jib and el-Bira following this track mia, capital of a kingdom, and, under the dynasties of Hammurapi and Nebuchadrezzar
II, an empire. 4, 58, 138, 140, 148, 156, 170 is slightly over four Byzantine miles, while that between el-Jib and Beitin is over six Byzantine
Babylonia. Southern Mesopotamia. Also appears as Mesopotamia. 148
Baian= Baal I, Baala, Beelmaous, Beelmeon, J: miles. In the entry for Ophra (see Aphra, 28)
Bethel is placed five milestones west of Ophra, which is generally agreed to be et-Tatyibeh.
Baean, Beelmaus, Maon II. Beon, Ba'al-ma'on, Ba'al Meon, Beth Ba'al Meon, Beelmaos, Beelmaus, Ma'in—Land: 431 [209120] © Gaz.:
Because of the nature of the topography
that at a number of other points the text of between et-Taiyibeh and both Beitin and Bireh,
Jerome's translation may be shown to be a there is no direct road between them, the road better recension than the Greek text as we have circling round to the north before running it, a location of Bethel on the east of the Jerusalem-Nablus road would seem preferable. south along the ridge to Beitin and al-Bira. The direct distance between et-Taiyibeh and el-Bira
This location is consistent with either el-Bireh is c. five-and-a-half miles, while that between or Beitin. Bethel is said to be 12 milestones et-Taiyibeh and Beitin is c. four-and-a-half north of Jerusalem (see Bethel, 40). Beitin is an miles. In addition, in the entry for the Valley of excavated site, but no excavations have ever
Aialon (see Ailom, 18), the village of Ailon (II) been undertaken at el-Bireh. 4, 6, 18, 28, 40, 43, is said to be three milestones east of Bethel.
Avi-Yonah identifies this village, which should 50, 66, 94, 104, 120, 122, 140, 144 Baithsarisa = J: Bethsarisa. Baal-Shalishah, Kefr be clearly distinguished from the Biblical city of Aialon, with Khirbet Haiyan, which has Thilth, Kafr Thulth—OBA:
123 [154173] ¢ Bethsarisa, Khirbet Sirisya—T/R: 86 [151168] revealed archaeological remains which make e Khirbet Serisia or Kefr Thilth—Abel: 259this identification a possibility, and Khirbet
Haiyan lies almost exactly 3 Byzantine miles from Beitin. However, the identification is open
260. Unexcavated. 56
Baitoanaia, see Anciel. 30 to question on the grounds that Avi-Yonah's Bala, see Zoar. 42, 48 Balaam = Bola, J: Balam. Eusebius here appears identification may have been influenced in a to have conflated the two sites of Baalah:
Tululel-Medbah near Khirbet el-Meshash— circular fashion by the identification of Beitin as Bethel. T/R has produced an alternative
Abel: 258 (Ba'ala [2]) [141070], and lim (Deir identification of this village of Aialon with el-Gawi, Khirbet Tat Beit)—Smith: [144085]—
Ailmon, Khirbet 'Almit (see Ailmon), which would fit quite well with an identification of near Umm Diemne—Abel:
[143189].
Bethel with El-Bira. None of these references Unexcavated. 50
Balanos Penthous= J: Balanus I, Oak of Grief, Oak of Lamentation. Alon Bakuth, "The Oak of Mourning" (Hebrew). A tree near Bethel. 42 was noted by E. Robinson in his identification of Bethel with Beitin, or by W. F. Albright in his acceptance of that identification in the report on his excavations at Beitin, although
Balanos Sikimon=J: Balanus II. ""Oak of the pillar at Shechem" (Hebrew) ¢ Platanus—T77R:
J. B. Pritchard did note the reference to Gibeon in his preliminary report on the excavations at 204 [176179]. Not a place-name. 54
Baleth (in Dan)=Balth, J: Balaath. Baalath, elel-Jib.
In three places Eusebius relates the location of Bethel to the Jerusalem-Nablus Mughar?—Land:
[129138] ¢ Abel:
(Ba'alath [1]). Unexcavated. 54, 56 Baliloth = Galeiloth, J: Galiloth.
Geliylah haroad, in two of which he gives its distance from Jerusalem: Bethel is on the left of the road when going from Jerusalem to Nablus (4-6),
Yarden, "'the circles of stones of the Jordan"
(Hebrew). Probably one of the megalith fields while the comparable passage in Jerome has it of Transjordan. The proximity of the site to the on the left when going from Nablus to Jerusalem (5-7); Eusebius places it on the right fords of the Jordan at Jericho, which was opposite, suggests that the most likely site is the of the road as one goes from Jerusalem to Ghassulian cemetery at El-'Adeimeh [211131].
Nablus (40), as does Jerome (41); and Eusebius places it on the left when going from Nablus to Excavated site. 50, 70 Baloth = Baaleth, Berammoth. Bealoth, Ba'alath Jerusalem (120), as does Jerome (121). In view
Beer?, Bir Rekhme.
Beer Yeroham—SM™M: of the fact that Eusebius' first reference is §15: 2, No. 120 [138043] ¢ near Rhoboth I— inconsistent both with that of Jerome and with precise location unknown—WHAB:
122 ¢ in his other two references, and in view of the fact
the neighbourhood of Ma'in—Abel:
262.
Unexcavated. 48, 52, 55 Bathoul=J:
Bathul.
Bethul, Khirbet er-Ras/ Horvat Rosh—Abel:
283 [138081]. UnexBalth, see Baleth. 56
Bama. "High place" (Hebrew). Not a _placecavated. 52
Batnai=J:
Batnae.
Bethbeten, Beten, Khirbet name. 56
Ibtin?, Horvat Ivtan—Land: 431 [160241] e Bamoth. Bamoth, Bamoth-Ba'al, Beth-bamoth,
TIR: 80 [160241] ¢ Abel: 264. Unexcavated. 52
Khirbet el-Queiqiye—Abel:
261 [220126] « Khirbet el-Quweiqiyeh—OBA:
123. UnexcaBatoloua, see Batanaea. 6
Beelphegor = J: Beelfegor, Image of Shame. Baal vated. 44
Bane = Barka, Barakai, J: Barac, Bareca. Beneof Peor. Not a place-name. 44
Beelmaous, see Baian. 46 barak, Kheiriyeh (Ibn Ibraq), Ibn Ibreiq, Horvat Bene-beraq—Land:
431 [133160] e Beelmeon, see Baian. 44
Beelsephon = J: Beelsefor. Baal-zephon, Ras Qasrun—Davies: 81-82 ¢ Baal-zephon is known from various sources as a temple for mariners
Gaz.: 36 [133160] ¢ Bareca, Barqa—TIR: 74
[121131] ¢ Abel: 263-264. Unexcavated. 54
Baneiakan=Beroth of the sons of Jakeim, J: located on the arm of land that embraces the Gulf of Serbonitis (Sabkhat Bardwil)—Land:
Baneiacan. Bene-jaakan. Point or region on the 196 ¢ Abel: 260 « "Although (Exodus) 14: 2 and route from Eilat and Akaba to the Kadesh region and on to Beersheba and/or Gaza— Routes 22 and 23 in Land: Map 3. 44
Baoureim = J: Baurim. Bahurim, Ras et-Tumein?
—SM™M: §15: 2, No. 127 [174133] © Gaz.: 35
9 give precise details of where the Israelites encamped by the yam suf ('sea of reeds'), they are of little use in locating the place because
Migdol and Baal-zephon can each be identified [173132] ¢ Abel: 260. Unexcavated. 56 with more than one site near Egypt's E border' —NBA: 31 ¢ "There were several places
Barad = Well of Agar. Bered, Wady Jedur—Abel:
264. The Wady Jedur flows from 159116 to 150119 where it debouches into a larger wady. in Egypt with the name Baal-zephon and it is not certain which one exactly is referred to 42, 84 here. It was presumably somewhere in or near the region of the Wadi Tumilat"—OBA: 123 e
Muhamadiyeh—MBA:
¢ Tell Defneh— WHAB:
122 (32°12'
East, 30°46' North).
Barakai, see Bane. 54
Bare, see Baarou. 112
Baris = J: Beris.
A mountain in Armenia. 4
Unidentified. 44
Barka, see Bane. 54
Beesthara, see Astaroth Karnaein. 50
Barne, see Kades I. 46
Bel. The chief god of the Babylonian pantheon.
Basan, see Batanaea. 18, 44, 84, 126
Basanitis, see Batanaea. 44, 50, 64, 68, 154, 156 Bela, see Arbela I. 46
Basekath, see Baskoth. 56
Bennamareim, see Nebereim. 138
Basileia, see Gabatha IJ. 70
Baskoth = Basekath, J: Bascath, Bazecath. BozBera I. Beer, el-Bireh—WHAB: 122 [197223] ¢
OBA:
124 e Abel: 262. The Biblical text is kath, perhaps ed-Dawaimeh on the Survey of Western Palestine Map, Dawa'ime—Abel: 261 generally taken as referring to Beer or Beeroth in Benjamin (on which see Beroth). However,
[140105]. Unexcavated. 50, 56 Basor = J: Besor. Nahal Ha-Besor, Wadi ShallaWHAB and OBA follow Abel in referring the passage to a "'Beer" in the territory of Issachar. leh or Ghazzeh?, Nahal Besor—Land: 461. The major wadi which reaches the sea at Gaza. 56
Batanaea = Basan, Basanitis, Batoloua. Bashan— Eusebius' "modern" reference is to a village in the Shephelah, listed here as Bera II.
Unexcavated. 54
Land: Map 2. 6, 12, 18, 44, 50, 52, 64, 68, 84, Bera II.
Beera, Khirbet el-Bir?—T7/R:
103, 113, 126, 138, 154, 156 [143129]. Unexcavated. 54
Bathma, see Bethanatha. 54
'Anan—Land: 431 [162107] © Gaz.: 38 [162107] Berammoth, see Baaleth. 52
Berdan= Well of the Judgement I, J: Burdan. e TIR: 82 [162107] Abel: 267 but on 316 Abel proposes Khirbet Beit Ika, which is "at the beginning of the rise towards Timna."
Unexcavated. 50, 94 Bethanatha=Bathma?, J: Bethana, Bethnath?.
Beerotayim?, Beraein, Bir Birein—Gaz.:
[099021] ¢ TR: 78 [099022]. Unexcavated. 166
Berosoba, see Bersabee. 166
Beroth=J:
Beeroth.
Beeroth (in Benjamin), Khirbet el-Burj—Land: 431 [167137] ¢ el Bire | —Gaz.: 35 [170146] ¢ Abel: 262. Abel points out
Beth-anath, Safed el-Battikh?—Land:
[190289] ¢ el-Bu'eina?—Gaz.: 37 (Beth Anath IT) [184245] el-Bu'eina? or Ba'ina?—TIR: 80 that Eusebius mistakenly says the city is on the road to Nicopolis, at least in the recensions
[184245] and [175260], respectively. Eusebius appears to have made a mistake in equating which we possess, while Jerome places it on the road to Neapolis. If el-Bireh is Bethel, Ahathis Biblical site with a village named Baitoanaia or Batanaia, 15 miles east of Caesarea roni's identification of Beeroth with Khirbet elBurj would be preferable. T/R: 76 also notes
Philippi. None of these sites corresponds to either of the sites called Anaia already menthat variants of the ancient name of Bir Zeit
[168152] include Berea and Bereth, names associated with Beer and Beeroth.
Unextioned by Eusebius; this site therefore becomes Anaia III. It is evident from the suggested identifications given (in Galilee)—Land: 431 ¢ cavated. 48, 52 in the Plain of Sharon—Gaz.: 37, that there is
Beroth of the sons of Iakeim, see Baneiakan. 46 no agreement on the identification even of the region in which the site is located. UnexcaBersabee = Berosaba, the Well of Judgement II, J:
Beersheba, Well of Oath-taking, Sabe I, Town vated. See also Aneiel. 52, 54 Bethania. Bethania, Lazarion, el-'Azariye—Gaz.: of Isaac. Beer-sheba, Tell es-Seba'*, Tel Beer
Sheva—Land: 431 (Iron Age) [134072] ¢ Bir es Saba'—Gaz.: 35 (Beersheba I—Roman Byzan37 (Bethany I) [174130] ¢ 77R: 80 [174130]
Abel: 266-267. Unexcavated. 58 tine) [12930 0712] ¢ Beersheva—TIR:
Bethanin=Iettan, J: Bethennim, Ietan.
'Ain, [130072] ¢ Abel: 263. Excavated site. 50, 122, Juttah, 'Iettan (Greek), Yatta—Land:
158, 166, 168 [158095] © Gaz.: 71 [158094] ¢ Iutta—TYR: 155
[158094]. A Levitical city. Unexcavated. 24,
Bethannabam.
Beit Naiba—Gaz.: 42 [154140] ¢ Bethannaba—T/R:
88 (Betoannaba II) [154Beth, see Amarchabob. 52
Bethaabara= J: Bethabara. Bethany, Bethania, Bethabara, Tell Medes—Gaz.: 37 (Bethany I)
[203144] ¢ Abel: 264-265. However, Makhadet el-Hajla—TIR: 78-79 [201137]. Unexcavated.
140]. Jerome suggests this site is where Biblical Anob was situated (Josh. 11:21), adding to Eusebius' identification of Betoannaba.
Bethaemek = J: Bethemec. Beth-emek, Tell Mimas, Tel Bet ha-Emeq—Land: 432 [164263]
Unexcavated. 21
Bethaphou=Thaphphoue, J: Bethaffu, Bethafu, Thaffu.
Beth-tappuah, Taffth—Land:
Beth ha-'Emeq, 'Amqa—Gaz.: 71 [166264] ¢ SMM: §15: 2, No. 174 [164263] ¢ 'Amqa—TIR:
162 [166264]. Unexcavated. 52
(Iron Age) [154105] ¢ Abel: 283 ¢ Tell Abu Bethagla, see Halon Atad. 8, 48, 52 Bethaglaim=J:
Bethagla-by-the-sea.
BethSelima, Tell esh-Sheikh Zuweid—Gaz.: 41 (Roman-Byzantine) [065071] ¢ Boutafis, Bethafu,
'eglaim, Sharuhen, Palaia Gaza, Tell el-"Ajjul —Land: 432 [093097] © Gaz.: 37 [093097] « OBA: 124
TIR: 79 [093097]. Excavated site. 48
"Vicinity of esh-Sheikh Zuweid'—TIR:
[065070] * however, T/R: 91 [065071] tentatively proposes to identify Tell esh-Sheikh Zuweid with Bitulion. Tell esh-Sheikh Zuweid
Bethalon, see Halon Atad. 52
Bethaloth = Bethenim-near-the-Terebinth, Enaim. is an excavated site. 50, 98 Beth-anoth, Enam, Bethennim, Khirbet Beit
Betharaba.
Beth-arabah, 'Ain el-Gharabeh— aglaim), precise location unknown—WHAB:
Land: 431 [197139] ¢ Abel: 267 ¢ Rujm elBahr—Zvi Greenhut, BAR 19/4 (1993): 42.
Unexcavated. 48, 50 Betharam, see Libias. 48
125, Abel: 269 and 368 suggests that this is one of the sites between Wady Sheneq/Shanug and Wady Imleih, near Tell el-Far'ah (S). In his note on Beth Biri he suggests the region of Jebel
Bethariph, see Arem. 28 el-Biri southwest of Ruheibe. Unexcavated. 52, Betharran, see Libias. 44
Bethasan, see Asan I. 26
Bethleem I (in Zebulon). Beit Lahm, Beit Lehem Bethasetta. Beth-shittah, Tell Sleihat/Slekhat?—
Soraia, Bet Lehem Harelit—Land: 432 [168238] '
ABD: I: 698 [204192] © IDB: 403. Unexcavated.
¢ Gaz.: 39—Bethlehem (II) [168237] ¢ T7R: 83— 84 [168238] ¢ Abel: 277. Unexcavated. 42, 52 Bethleem II (in Judaea) = Ephratha I, Chabratha,
Bethasimouth=TIessemoun, Isimouth, Isimoth, Desert of Edom, J: Bethsimuth, Isimuth. BethJ: Efratha
I. Bethlehem, Ephratha, Beit Lahm—Lanad: 432 [169123] ¢ Gaz.: 39 [169123] jeshimoth, Suesme or Sueme, Sweime, Khirbet
Suweime, Tell el--Azeimeh—Land: 432 [208132] e TTR: 83 © Abel: 276. Excavated site. 42, 52, 82,
© Gaz.: 39 [206132] ¢ Abel: 275. Unexcavated.
168, 172, 174 Bethmacha = Machameim, Charrei, Macathi, J:
48, 106 Bethaun= Aun, On II. Beth-aven, Beth-On, Tell Charri. Abel-beth-maacah, Abel, 'Abilum— Maryam?—Land: 431 [175141]
« SMM: §15: 2,
Ahituv: 45-46 « Tel Abil—77R: 55 [204296] Abil el-Qamh, Tel Avel Bet Maakha—Land:
No. 166. However, if Bethel=el-Bireh, Beitin may be Beth-aven, which is linguistically 429 [204296] ¢ Abel: 233. Unexcavated. 56, 174 possible. Unexcavated. 40, 50, 66, 176 Bethmaela, see Abelmaelai. 34
Bethbera.
Beth-barah, Tell el-Far'ah?—Abel:
268-269 [182188]. Alternately, it is possible Bethnambris, see Bethnamran. 44
Bethnamran = Bethnambris, Bethnemra, Nemra, Namara, J: Bethamnaram, Bethnamaris. Beththat it should be identified with Beth-araba (see
Betharaba). 54 nimrah, Beth Nimrin, Betenabaris, Bethennabris, Bethnambris, Tell el Bleibil—Land:
Bethbeten, see Batnai. 52
Bethchor = Stone of Help, J: Bethchur. Beth-car, [210146] (Bronze and Iron Ages) e Tell Nimrin
—Gaz.: 40 (Beth Nimrin I) [209145] (Hellenissee Bethoron, Lower. Abel: 269 points out that tic, Roman, Byzantine) « Abel:
278. Unexthe name is linked, both by 1 Sam. 7:11—12 and by Eusebius, with Ebenezer—see Abenezer. cavated. 44, 48, 138 Bethnemra, see Bethnamran. 48
Unexcavated. 56
Bethdagon I=Keparadagon, J: Caferdago. Beth Bethoron, Descent of. The road from the coast via Gezer and Beth-shemesh to Gibeon and Jerusalem—Land: Map 3, No. 8. 46
Dagan, Beth-dagon, Caphar Dagon, Beit Dajan, Bet Dagan—Land: 432 [134156] ¢ Gaz.: 37
Bethoron, Lower. Beth Horon Tahton (Lower (Beth Dagon I) [134156] ¢ T/R: 81 [134156] «
Beth-horon), Beit 'Ur el-Tahta—Land:
Abel: 269. Unexcavated. 50
Bethdagon II. Beth-dagon (in Asher), Jelamet el- [158144] ¢ Gaz.: 39 (Beth Horon I) [158144] e
Beit 'Ur et Tahta—T/7R: 84-85 [160143] ¢ Abel:
'Atika—Abel: 269 (Beth Dagon [2]). This is modern Tel Me'amme [159237], at the foot of 275. Unexcavated. 47
Bethoron, Upper. Beth Horon 'Elyon (Upper Mt. Carmel. 52
Beth-horon), Beit 'Ur el-Foqa—Land:
Bethel, see Baithel. 50
[160143] ¢ Gaz.: 39 (Beth Horon I) [160143] e Bethelei, see Bethphalei. 48
Beit 'Ur el Fauqa—TTR: 84-85 [158144] ¢ Abel:
Bethenim-near-the-Terebinth, see Enaim. 94
Bethlabaoth = Laboth, J: Labaoth. Beth-lebaoth, 274-275. Unexcavated. 46
Bethphage = J: Bethfage. Bethphage, Beit Fagi, Lebaoth, Beth Biti, near Sharuhen (see Beth-
SMM: §14: 2. A large twin pool near the Sheep Gate in the suburb on the north of Jerusalem known as Beth-zatha. This suburb was outside
Kefr et-Tair—Gaz.:
40 [173131] ° TIR:
[173131] ¢ Abel: 279. Unexcavated. 58
Bethphalei = Bethelei, J: Bethfali. Beth-pelet, Tell the city walls in Jesus' day, but was later enclosed within the line of what Flavius es-Saqati, Tel Shoget—M
BA: 176 © SMM: 815:
2, No. 201 [215133]. Unexcavated. 48
Bethphasis = J: Bethfases. Beth-Pazzez, Kerm elHadete, Tel 'En-Hadda—Abel: 279 [196232].
Unexcavated. 52
Bethphogor = Phogo, Phogor I, J: Bethfogor, Fogor, Fogo. Pau, Beth-peor, Bethphoyor,
Khirbet esh-Sheikh Jayil—Gaz.: 40 [216133] ¢ Josephus referred to as the "third" north wall, presently known as the ""Meyer-Sukenik Wall."
Bezek =J: Bezec.
Bezek, Khirbet Ibziq and Khirbet Jabrish—Land: 433 [187197] © Gaz.:
42 [188197] « TIR: 88 [188197] ¢ Abel: 285.
Unexcavated. 54
Abel: 278. Unexcavated. 48, 168, 170 Bola, see Balaam. 52
Boon. Stone of Bohan, see Lithos Boen. 52
Bethramphtha, see Libias. 48
Bethsaida I. Bethsaida, Julias, et-Tell ¢ el--Araj— Borasan, see Asenna II. 56
Borkonneim = J: Borconni.
Wath-ha-borogonim, Gaz.: 40 [209256] et-Tell—TIR: 85 [208257] and el-'Araj—TIR: 85 [208255] ¢ Abel: 279- "the thorns of the wilderness" (Hebrew). Not 280. Excavated site. 58 a place-name. 54
Bethsaida II, see Bezatha. 59
Boses. Bozez. A prominent rocky outcrop on the Bethsames I, see Bethsamus. 54
Bethsames II. Beth-shemesh (in Naphtali), Khirnorth side of Wadi Suweinit, facing a similar outcrop on the south side of the wadi called bet Tell er-Ruweisi?, Tel Rosh—Land:
[181271] ¢ Abel: 282-283 (Beth Shemesh [2)).
Unexcavated. 54
Bethsamus = Bethsames I, Sames I, J: Bethsamys, Seneh, standing on either side of the approach said to have been taken by Jonathan and his armour-bearer in their surprise attack on the Philistines at Michmash. Possibly the hill at Bethsamis. Beth Shemesh (in Judah), Rabah?,
17708 141. 56
Bosor I. Bezer, Umm el-'Amad?—Land:
Har-Heres, Ir-Shemesh, 'Ain Shems, Tell Beth Shemesh, Tell er-Rumeileh, Tel Bet Shemesh—
[235132] ¢ Abel: 264. Unexcavated. Eusebius Land: 236, 432 [147128] ¢ Gaz.: 41 [147128] e identifies this site with Bozrah in Bashan. 46
'Ein Shemesh—TI/R: 86 [147128] © Abel: 282, Bosor II. Bozrah in Edom, Buseirah—Land: 433
343, 351. Excavated site. 32, 54, 158 [208016] * Gaz.: 43 (Bosor IT) [208017] ¢ Abel:
Bethsan, see Scythopolis. 54
Bethsimouth, see Bethasimouth. 106
287 (Bosra [1]). Excavated site. 46, 110 Bostra. Bozrah in Bashan, Busruna, Busra EskiBethsoro, see Bethsour I. 52
Bethsour I=Bethsoro, J: Bethsur.
Beth Zur, Khirbet et-Tubeiqeh—Land: 433 [159110] ¢ Sham—Land: 433 [289214] ¢ Abel: 286-287.
Unexcavated. 12, 46, 84, 112, 166 Botnia = Poteein, J: Bothnim. Betonim, Khirbet Batneh—Land:
120 [217154] ¢ Abel:
285.
Gaz.: 42 [159110] ¢ Khirbet et-Tubeiqga—T/R:
87-88 [159110] ¢ Abel: 283. Excavated site. 52
Unexcavated. 48
Boubastos = J: Bubastus.
Pi-beseth, Bubastis, Bethsour If. An unidentified village in the neighbourhood of Beit Gubrin. 52
Zagazig, Tell Basta—OBA:
125 (31°33' East, Beththamar, see Baalthamar. 56
Betoannaba = J: Bet Oannaba. Betoannaba, Khir30°42' North). A city in the eastern Delta of Egypt, centre of the worship of the cat goddess bet Beit 'Annaba—Gaz.: 42 [145146] ¢ T/R: 88
(Betoannaba I) [145145] ¢ Abel: 284. UnexBast, who manifested either as a cat-headed he woman, or as a cat-headed lioness. cavated. 20
Bezatha=Bethsaida II. Beth-zatha, Bezetha, Bethesda, The Sheep Pools—OBA:
foundations of the temple of Bast were laid at least as early as the reign of Khafre. Bubastis dee
33: 8). He also reports another set of possibiwas the capital of the Libyan kings of the XXII
Dynasty and lies at the end of the canal built between the Nile and the Red Sea as early as lities: (1) That it is a reference to a defence line of forts (cf. ""Wall of the Ruler"—AWNET: 19),
(2) to the htm of Seti-Merenptah in Papyrus the reign of Rameses II, cleared and deepened by Necho, Darius the Great, and Ptolemy I. 58
Anastasi vi. 55, 60 at Tkw, (3) that Sile is also described as a htm. The only certainty is that Etham was on the edge of the wilderness. All
Bounos Akrobustion = J: Bunos, Hill of Foreskins.
Gibeah Orlah, "Hill of the Foreskins'' (Hethree of the above possibilities present philolobrew). A hill in the Jordan Valley near Jericho.
Unidentified. 46
Bouthan = Aitham II, Othom, J: Buthan, Aetham, gical difficulties. See also Etham. 46, 94, 140,
Boz. Buz. A city or region within the kingdom of Etham, Othon, Sior I. Etham, Davies: 79-80
Kedar in northern Arabia. 58
Bublos = Gabli, J: Byblus, Gobel. Gebal, Jebeil— reports that it has been suggested that this name is possibly the Hebrew of him, ''fort"
Land: 433 [210391]. Excavated site. 58, 68 (Egyptian), possibly Shur (Ex. 15:22 with Num.
C Chaphtheis= J: Chafthis.
Chitlish, Khirbet elMak-haz?—Abel: 299 [148102]. Unexcavated.
Caesarea (Maritima) (Gk. Kaisareia) = J: Strato's Tower. Colonia Prima Flavia Augusta f(elix?)
Charadas=J:
Charada.
Haradah, Naqb el- 'Arud—Abel: 215 [101982]. Abel places Haradah in Wady Lussan which runs from 083989 c(onstans) Caesarea (Antoniniana) metropolis provinciae Syriae Palaestinae, Kaisareia, Qesari, Qisari, Qeisari, Qisarin, Qaisariye, Qaisariye—Gaz.:
44 [140212] ¢ Wilkinson:
[140212] © Qesaria—TIR: 94-96 [140212] ¢ to 104986. The mountain he refers to, which is south of the wady, Ras el-Khorasha, is shown
Abel: 296-297. Excavated site. 23, 78, 108, on the Survey of Israel Map as Jebel er-Riyash
136, 162 Caesarea (Philippi), see Panias. 30, 52, 70 [087981]. 172
Charchamus = J: Charchamis. Carchemish, DjerChabon. Cabbon, Chabbon, Chabra, Hebra?— abis, Jerablus—OBA: 125 (38°1' East, 36°25'57"
Abel: 298 [139107]. Unexcavated. 172
North). Excavated site. 174
Charran=Karra, J: Carra, Carrae, Carrhae.
Haran, Harran—MBA:
179 (39° East, 37° Chabratha, see Bethleem I. 172
Chalab. Helbah, Mehebel, Meheleb, Mahaliba (Assyrian), Ahlab, Khirbet el-Mahalib—Land:
430 [172303] © Abel: 384. Unexcavated. 174
North). Excavated site. 60, 170, 174 Charrei, see Bethmacha. Abel, Abil el-Qamh, Tel
Chalach, see Chalak. 74
Chalak = Chalach, J: Chalac, Chalanne. Calah, Avel Bet Maakha—Land: 429 [204296] ¢ Abel:
233. Unexcavated. 174
Chasalon = J: Chsalon. Chesalon, Kesla, Kesalon —Land: 433 [154132] ¢ Gaz.: 49 [154132] e Kasla—TIR* 103; 161) [154132)*e "Abel> 299.
Kalhu, Nimrud—MBA:
176 (43°36'
East, 35°56'58" North). Excavated site. 74, 170, 174 Chalanne, see Chalak. The Masoretic Text reads
Calneh, which is now considered to be a scribal Unexcavated. 172
Chaselath-by-Thabor, see Acheseloth. 174 error for Calah. 170, 174 Chamoam, see Gebaroth. 174
Chamos.
Chemosh.
The chief god of the Moabites. 174
Chasbi. Chezib, Chesil/Bethel (Negeb)?—Land:
116, 462 ¢ 'Ain el-Kezbe—Abel: 298 [149122],
[242453]), near the western end of the "Homs Gap," the pass leading between the northern although he notes the similarity to the Achzib of Joshua 15:44. This reference is in the story of end of the Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon MounJudah and Tamar, which revolves around the tains and the southern end of the Jebel Ansariyah. 172
Choba Il[=J: Chobaa II. Kochaba, Cochabah, results of the misdeeds of Onan, which Aharoni
(Land: 245) thinks might have a connection with the Jerahmeelite and Horite clan of Onam.
The Jerahmeelites inhabited the Negeb of Judah (Land: 201, Map 15). 172
Chebron, see Arbo. 6, 8, 14, 24, 26, 42, 50, 52, 76, Kokhabah, Kaukab. Eusebius refers to this site as west of Damascus, and the village of Kaukab (36°9' East, 33°24' North), 15 km southwest of Damascus, would suit this description. On the other hand, Epiphanius refers to the same village as near Ashtaroth and Ashtaroth Karnaim, c. 25 km east of the Sea of Galilee, where there is today another Kaukab
(Gaz.: 50 [237248]). Epiphanius is notoriously unreliable, and Eusebius may have confused the village of Choba/Kaukab with the Egyptian province of Upe/Ube/Hobah. "Kaukab" was, and is, a relatively common place-name.
Neither of these identifications may be considered to be at all reliable. 172
Chobal = J: Chabol. Cabul—Abel: 287 [170251] ¢ Chabulon, Kabul—7/R:
102-103 [170252].
Unexcavated. 174
Chobar. River Chebar, Shatt Hilla—MBA: Map 84, 87, 92, 106, 113, 114, 118, 124, 136, 170, 172
Cheilon= J: Chilon. Giloh, Khirbet Jala—Abel:
338 [157114]. Unexcavated. 172
Cheimarrous Kedron, see Kedron. 174
Chelon= Elon. Holon, Aleyan? or, more likely, Kafeir Wusta, Kfer Abu Khinan—Abel: 349
(Holon [2])—238105 and 226128, respectively.
Unexcavated. 174
Chenereth, see Gennasareth, Lake. 172
Chepheira = Chephrei, J: Chefira, Chefri. Chephirah, Khirbet el-Kernreh—Land: 433 [160137]
Abel: 298. Unexcavated. 172, 174 Chephrei, see Chepheira. 174
Chermala, see Chermel. 92
Chermel = Chermala, Chermela, Karmelos I, J:
Carmel, Carmelus, Rachel. Carmel (in Judaea), Chermela, Khirbet el-Kirmil—Land:
[162092] © Gaz.:
49 [162092] ¢ TIR:
163 (44°15'57"
East, 32°42'32" North to 44°41'33" East, 30°41'21" North). 174
Chomarreim = J: Chomarim. Fields of the Kidron/Kedron. The level ground in the Kidron
[162092] ¢ Abel: 296. Unexcavated. 92, 108, 118, 172 Valley east of the city; see also Tapheth,
Cheselath Thabor, see Acheseloth. 174
Sademoth. 174
Chorazein=J:
Chorazin.
Chorazin, Chorazein, Korazin, Khirbet Kerraze—Gaz.: 49 [203257] ¢ Chessalous, see Acheseloth. 174
Chettieim I. The Land of the Hittites. An unspecified territory to the north of Canaan, probably somewhere in present-day Syria. 122
TIR: 103 [203257] ¢ Abel: 299-300. Excavated site. 174
Choreb= Mount Sinai. Mount Horeb, Mount Chettieim II. Cyprus. Eusebius has confused the Kittim or Chittim from Cyprus (Gen. 10:4; 1
Chron. 1:7) with the Hittites (more accurately Sinai. Not conclusively identified. Probably one, or all (collectively), of the peaks in the highlands of the southern Sinai Peninsula near
Wady Feiran (Land: 199 ¢ Davies: 84-85). The the Neoor Syro-Hittites) of Inland Western
Syria. 174
Choba I= J: Chobaa I. Hobah, Ube/Upi?—Abel: traditional location is at Jebel Musa [0415 299. Upe was a province of the Egyptian Empire which included Upper Galilee, the Lebanese coastal region, the northern Lebanese
76125]. Horeb Mons, Jebel Sufsuffeh—T/R:
147-148 [047774] ¢ Sina Mons, Solitudo et Monasteria—7/R:
232-233 (St. Catherine's Monastery) [051775]. 114, 142, 154, 166, 172 Chorra= J: Chorath. Brook Cherith, Wadi Yabis
Beqa', and the Lebanese kingdom of Amurru.
The provincial capital was at Sumur (Land:
164). Sumur is probably Tell Kazel (Land: 442
City of David, see Ailia. 82
—OBA: 126 [208200 to 218200]. 174
City of Esau, see Ailath. 94, 102 Chotha.
Cuthah, Tell Ibrahim—MBA:
(44°36'52"
East, 32°46'15"
North). UnexCity of Letters, see Dabeir I. 78 cavated. 174
City of the Sun, see Heliopoulis. 95, 177 Coelas Titanorum. The Valley of the Titans
Chsalous, see Acheseloth and Aksaf.
It seems (Latin), see Koilas. 117 unlikely that this village was also the location
Coele-Syria. Inland Western Syria (in the usage of Achshaph. 22, 28 of Jerome), otherwise, the Lebanese Beqa', or Chsil, see Xil. 172 southern Syria (the Damascus region). 23
Cilicia= Koa, J: Coa. Kue, Cilicia. A region composed of a plain enclosed by the Taurus
Covenant, Well of the, see Bersabee. 166
Cyprus = Chettieim II, J: Chettim. A large MedMountains on the north and Amanus Mouniterranean island south of Turkey and west of tains on the east. 100, 118 Syria. 174
East, Citium.
Kition, Larnaca—33°38'28"
34°54'12" North. Excavated site. 175
D Dadan II. Dedan, el-'Ula—OBA:
127 (37°12'
Dabasthe=J:
Dasbath.
Dabbesheth, Tell eshShamméam?, Tel Shem—Land: 433 [164230] SMM: §15: 2, No. 273 [164230] ¢ Abel: 301.
East, 26°30' North). 80
Daibon, see Deimmon. 76
Daibongad, see Deimmon. 76
Daidan= J: Daedan. Dedan, Khirbet Nahash— Unexcavated. 78
Dabeir I, see Dabeira I. 78
Abel: 304 [192009]. Unexcavated. 80
Dalaan=J: Dadan I. Dilean, Tell Negile—Abel:
Dabeir I1=Ladabar, Lodabar, J: Dabir II. Lodebar, Lidebir, Umm ed-Dabar?—Land: 439
305. 78
Damascus.
Esh-Sham, Dimasq—Land:
[207219] ¢ Abel: 304 © Gaz.: 63 gives the same co-ordinates as those of Hammath-Pella, also known as Hammat-depahel. The identification
[272324] « Abel: 301-302. Unexcavated.
19, 32, 36, 38, 73, 74, 76, 89, 90, 96, 118, 146, 162, with Tell el-Hammi is mistaken—SM™M: §15: 2,
166, 170, 172 Damna (in Zebulon), see Ammathar. 78
Dan= Laisa, Lesem, J: Ior, Rheithron. Leshem, No. 412 ¢ Hammatfh] Pella=Tell el-Hammi [208208] is correct. Unexcavated. 78, 122
Dabeira I=Dabeir I, David, City of Letters, Laish, Dan, Tell el-Qadi, Tel Dan—Land: 433
Iabeir, J: Dabira I, Dabir I, Davia, Iabir. Debir, [211294] e 77R: 108 [211294] adds, "perhaps
Kiriath-sepher, Khirbet Rabtiid—Land:
Hellenistic Paneion"
¢ Abel: 302. Excavated [151093] ¢ Abel: 303-304 accepted Albright's site. 50, 76, 122 Danaba I= J: Dannaba I. Dinhabah—Abel: 305 identification of this site with Tell Beit Mirsim, which is now thought to be Ashan. 78, 106 proposes either el-Basta [201960], although edDinaryiya [200962] might be a better candidate,
Dabeira I1=Dabrath, Dabira I]. Dobrath, Daberath, Dabarath, Dabaritta, Dabarittah, Dabiriyeh—Land:
433 [185233] ¢ Gaz.:
[185248] « Dabburiye—7/R:
106 Plss233) °° Abel: 301. Unexcavated. 78 or 'Iraq el-Ghanubiye (Khirbet 'Iraq Um Sawwana [198984]). All unexcavated. 76
Danaba I[=J: Dannaba II. Danaba, Tell elMataba, Tell el-Matabi—Abel: 302 [215139].
Unexcavated. 76
Dabrath, see Dabeira II. 78, 79 Dadan I, see Dalaan. 79
Diocaesarea (Gk. Diokaisareia).
Sepphoris, Autokratoris, Saffuriye—Gaz.: 95 [176239] e Zippori—T/IR: 227-228 [176239] ¢ Sippori— Dannea = J: Dannaia. Dannaea, Dannaiak, Khirbet ed-Denn—Gaz.: 51 [220085] ¢ Abel: 305
Khirbet ed-Dann [201087] on the map of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan.
TIR: 233 ¢ Abel: 305-306. Unexcavated. 17, 22, 28, 30, 70, 78, 98, 140 Unexcavated. 76
Diospolis I. Colonia Lucia Septimia Severia Darom, see Daroma. 80
Daroma=Darom. Negeb, "the south" (Hebrew), Diospolis, Lod, Lydda, al-Ludd—Land: 439
[140151] © Gaz.: 756 [140151] ¢ Georgioupolis— Classical Daromas, Darom—Gaz.: 51 [120185—
TIR: 171 [140151] ¢ Abel: 370. Unexcavated.
090095] ¢ T/R: 108-109. " 'The South'—region extending from the Dead Sea to the Saltus
28, 32, 48, 50, 56, 68, 70, 96, 106, 114, 132, 144 Diospolis II. Diospolis Magna, No-amon, No,
Gerariticus (q.v.)"' (Gaz.: 51). 26, 60, 68, 70, 78, Karnak, Luxor, Thebes—MBA:
181 (32°29'
80, 86, 88, 92, 98, 108, 110, 120, 130, 146, 156, East, 24°57' North) ¢ see also WHAB:
126.
Dasem. Resen—Assyrian city between Nineveh Excavated site. 80
Dodaneim= J: Dodanim.
Dedanites.
Bedouin (modern Mosul in Iraq) and Calah-Nimrud in tribe from the Hejaz region of northwestern
Arabia—MBA: Map 15. It has been identified Iraq. 74
David. This is a textual error for Debir, see as the ancient name of the oasis of el-'Ula
Dabeira I. 78
Dead Sea, see Araba, Sea of. 12, 16, 22, 42, 48, (37°12' East, 26°30' North) in Arabia and the surrounding region—OBA: 127 ¢ WHAB: 123
69, 86, 96, 100, 104, 150 Abel: 304 (see also Dadan II). 80
Dommein, see Aphesdomeim. 34
Dora-by-the-Sea, see Dor of Nafath. 136
Deblathaeim, see Gelmon Deblathaeim. 80
Debus, see Lebous. 60, 142 Decapolis. A league of ten cities, Hippus, Dium, Dor-by-the-Sea, see Dor of Nafath. 78
Abila, Gadara, Scythopolis, Pella, Gerasa, and Philadelphia, formed by Pompey the Great in Dor of Nafath = Dor/a-by-the-Sea, J: Dor Nafeth,
63 B.c. 80
Dor, Dora, Dor Maritima. Naphah Dor, "the heights of Dor" (Hebrew). Dor, Dora, Dora
Deibon, see Deimmon. 80
Deimmon = Daibon, Daibongad, Deibon, Dibon, J: iera asulos autonomos nauarkhis, Doros, Khirbet el-Burj, Burj et-Tantura, Tel Dor—Land:
Debon, Debongad, Dimon. Dibon, Dibon-gad, Daibon, Dibban, Dhiban—Land: 433 [224101]
433 [142224] © Gaz.: 52 [142223] e TIR: 113
[142224] ¢ Abel: 308. Excavated site. 78, 130, © Gaz.: 51 [224101] ¢ Abel: 304-305. Excavated
Dothaeim=J:
Dothaim.
Dothan, Dothaeim, site. It may also appear as ""Lebous," q.v. 36, 76, 80 Deimona= J: Dimona. Dimon, Dibon Qebab to Dothaim, Tell Duthan, Tell Dothan—Land:
433 [172202] © Gaz.: 52 [172202] « TTR: 113-114 the northeast of 'Ar'ara, or perhaps Ed-Deib—
[172202] ¢ Abel: 308. Excavated site. 76, 128 Douma= J: Duma. Dumah, Douma, Khirbet edAbel: 305. Unexcavated. 78
Denna. Dannah, Deir esh-Shemesh/Simya— OBA: 127. Unexcavated. 78
Deir Domeh, Khirbet Juma ed-Deir—Land:
433 [148093] ¢ Gaz.: 53 [148093] ¢ Khirbet Duma ed-Deir—T7R: 114 [148093] ¢ Abel: 308—
Desert of Canaan and Amalek. The Negeb desert to the south of Judaea. 82
309. Unexcavated. 78
Drus=J: Drys Il. 'Elah, '"'oak" (or terebinth) Deseth. Kir-hares, Kir-heres, Kir-hadeseth, Qorha?, Kir-hareseth,
Kir of Moab, Kerak of Moab, Charachmoba, Krak, el-Kerak—Land:
(Hebrew). Not a place-name. 80
438 [217066] © Gaz.: 48 [217066] ¢ Abel: 418— Drus Mambre = J: Drys I. ""The Oak of Mamre."'
A sacred tree at Hebron. 76
Dusmas Moab, see Araboth Moab. 78
419. Unexcavated. 80
Dibon, see Deimmon. 76, 81
E Ebeziouthia = J: Ebiziuthia. Biziothiah. UnidentiEdomim = J: Edomia, see Adommim. Eusebius fied town in the Negeb of Judaea near Beersheba. 86 has conflated this road with the village of Edouma. 86
Edouma= J: Eduma. Eduma, Edouma, Duma— Ebrona.
Abronah, 'Ain Defiye—Abel:
[151898]. Unexcavated. 82
Gaz.: 53 [184162] ¢ T7R: 115 [184162] ¢ Abel:
' Echela (Hill of Hachlilah). Unidentified place in 310. Unexcavated. 86 the southern part of the Judaean Desert.
Modern scholars have viewed the spelling found in the Hebrew text as an error for Havilah due to the similarity of Kaph and Waw
Edraei I, see Adraa I. 84
Edraei If=J: Edrai HI. Edrei (in Naphtali), Edrei, itr' (Egyptian—Land:
162), Tell Khureibé?—Abel:
310 (Edre'i [2]) [200276].
Unexcavated. 88 in some of the early scripts. Also appears as Edrai I (in Bashan), see Adraa I. 85
Eccela, Enkela. 88, 89 Edem = J: Eden. Eden. The primal paradise. It is Edrai II (in Judaea), see Ader I. 86 generally thought that the writers of the Bible thought of it as having been located in Mesopotamia, modern Iraq. 80
Edrai III (in Naphtali), see Edraei I. 89
Eglom, see Agla. 84
Egypt. North African country surrounding the Edessa. Edessa, Urfa (in Turkey)—39°48' East,
Nile River. 7, 15, 39, 44, 50, 58, 60, 62, 80, 82, 94, 98, 118, 124, 126, 134, 140, 142, 147, 149,
39°24' North. This city is first mentioned in the 152, 156, 162, 164, 168, 170, 176 Eikok = J: Icoc. Hukkok, Khirbet el-Jemeijmeh,
Horvat Gamom—Land: 436 [175252] ¢ Yaquq —Gaz.:
66 [195254] ¢ Huqoq—TIR:
fourth century B.c. It became the capital of the kingdom of Osroene in c.
137 B.c., and a Roman city until A.D. 260 when Shapur I of Persia defeated and captured the Emperor
[195254] ¢ Abel: 350. Unexcavated. 88
Eiroth = Place of Fire, J: Iroth. Pi-hahiroth. Not Valerian. By the third century A.D. it was a centre of Syrian Christianity.
It fell to the Muslims in A.D. 639, and, except for a brief certainly identified due to possible multiple occurrence of the name—Davies: 81. 82
Ekdippa, see Achzeiph. 30 period during the Crusades, has since remained a Muslim centre. 171
Edom, Desert of, see Bethasimouth. 106
Edom=Land of Esau. The name of a region, Ela. Valley of Elah, Wady es-Sant. A major valley of Judaea, leading down from the hills southwest of Jerusalem past Azekah to the sea characterized by red sandstone rock (hence the near Ashdod. 96 name Edom, ''red"' (Hebrew), southeast of the Dead Sea, bordered on the north by Wady Hesa (Brook Zered), on the west by the Dead
Elath, see Ailath. 94
Elba, see Abdon. Elba would appear to be a textual error. 88
Sea and Wady Arabah, and on the south and Eleale. Elealeh, el--Al—Land: 434 [228136]
¢ east by the Arabian Desert. The name was also Gaz.: 54 [229136] ¢ Abel: 312. Unexcavated. 84 used for the people who inhabited the region from at least the thirteenth century B.c. until
Eleutheropolis.
Beth Gubrin, Colonia Lucia Septimia Severia Eleutheropolis, Beit Govrin, they were driven out and/or assimilated by the Nabataeans between the fourth and second
Beit Jibrin—Gaz.:
38 [140112] ¢ 7/7R:
[140112] ¢ Abel: 272. Unexcavated. 18, 24, 26, centuries B.C. 8, 34, 46, 62, 72, 76, 92, 94, 96,
48, 52, 55, 57, 60, 68, 70, 78, 84, 86, 88, 92, 94, 102, 104, 112, 120, 124, 140, 142, 150, 161, 168,
98, 106, 108, 114, 120, 126, 130, 134, 136, 144,
Valley of the Raphaim'" (Hebrew), el-Bugei'a 156, 160, 162, 168, 172 Elkath=J: Eleath. Helkath, Tell el-Qassis?, Tel
("the valley" [Arabic]}—OBA:
138. A valley southwest of Jerusalem, which leads to Wady Qashish—Land: 436 [160232] ¢ Abel: 347 is es-Surar, and then to the coast. 86, 146 uncertain. Unexcavated. 88
Elkese=J: Elcese. Elkosh. Unidentified. Abel:
Emesa.
Emesa, Emessa, Homs—WHAB:
(36°42' East, 34°44' North). A city in west 313 demonstrates that its location cannot even central Syria in a strategic position at the be pinned down to a particular region within eastern end of the ""'Homs Gap," the great pass through the Lebanon—Anti-Lebanon—Jebel Anthe country. MABL: 136 (Map 57) suggests a site at the junction of the River Jordan and Wadi Abu Gharaba [225135]. However, no sariya Range to the Mediterranean, whose western end is near Byblos. Unexcavated. 90 argument in support of this identification is
Emmaous, see Nicopolis. 90
Emmatha=J: Ammatha. Hammat Gader, Tell offered, and there does not appear to be a site at the location suggested. 90
Bani, Tell el Hamme—Gaz.: 54-55 [212232] Hammatha—T77R:
139 [212232] ¢ Abel: 342.
Excavated site. 22
Emmathdor = J: Emathdor. Hammoth-dor, Hammon, Hammath—Land:
304 suggests that Hammath and Dor originally formed separate Ellasar. Ellasar. An ancient kingdom, location unknown. 82
Elmoni. 'A/moni, "'someone," '"'so and so" (Hebrew). Not a place-name. 90, 171 Elon I, see Chelon. 174
Eloth, see Ailath. 90 entries in the list of Levitical cities. Aharoni (Land) makes no attempt to identify this city.
Abel: 342 identifies this Hammath with Hammath-Tiberias, see Amath I. 88
Empurismos = J: Incendium. Taberah, "burning"
(Hebrew). One of the halts in the desert during the Exodus. Unidentified. 82
Enacheim = Enbachein, J: Imachim, Inbachim.
Eloul = J: Elul, Alula. Halhul, Aloulos (Alouros), Halhul—Land: 435 [160109] ¢ Gaz.: 28 [160109] e Alula, Alulos—T/R: 61 [160109] ¢ Abel: 341.
Unexcavated. 86
Eltheke = Eltheko, Elthece, Eltheco. Eltekeh, Tell esh-Shallaf?, Tel Shalaf—Land: 434 [128144] e
Abel: 313-314 is uncertain. Eusebius appears to have conflated two towns which appear in the same verse, Eltekeh and Tekoa (see Thekoua).
Bakhah, "weep" (Hebrew). Not a place-name.
Enada. En-Haddah, el-Hadatheh, Tel 'En Hadda 86, 88 Eltheko, see Eltheke. 88
Eltholad = Tholad, J: Eltholath. Eltolad, Khirbet Erga Saqra (on Musil's map)?, el-Shegeib (on PEF Map of the Negeb)—Abel: 314 [1415 059].
Unexcavated. 86, 98 Emakeim = J: Emacim. Emegqim, "valleys" (He- —Land: 434 [196232] ¢ Abel: 318. Unexcavated.
Enaim, see Bethaloth. 94
Enakeim = J: Enacim. Anakim, "giants" (Hebrew).
One of the pre-Israelite peoples of Canaan, appearing chiefly around Hebron and in brew). Not a place-name. 90
Emath I, see Aimath II. Eusebius' text specifies Philistia. 84
Enan, see Asarena. 96
Enaraba=Inaraba. Araba, '"'plain'" (Hebrew), in the references to Hama/Epiphania in Isaiah, although this city is not as close to Emesa/
Homs as is the Pass of Hamath. 74, 90, 96, 147, this case the floodplain of the River Jordan—
BDB: 787, cf. also 2 Kings 14:25, 25:4, 25:5. 90
Enasor = Asor III. En-hazor, 'Ainitha, 'Ainata—
Emath II, see Aimath I. 37, 82, 88, 122 Emath Rebba, see Aimath II. 90
Land: 464 [191281] ¢ Khirbet Hasire, Khirbet Sara—Abel: 318 [200264]. Both unexcavated.
Emekachor, see Achor. 84
Emekraphaeim = Valley of Raphaein, J: Emecra-
Enbachein, see Enacheim. 90 faim, Valley of Rafaim. Emek Raphaim, "The
Ephraim with Apharaema (see Aphra). Abel's Endor, see Aendor. 94
Enemek = J: Inemec. Emek Aijalon, "the Valley of view would appear to be in better agreement
Aijalon" (Hebrew), see Ailom. 84
Engaddi=Gadda.
Engedi, En-gedi, Eggaddi, Aingaddon, 'Eyn Geddi, 'Engaddi, 'Ain Jidi with Eusebius.
However, Avi-Yonah's site would also appear plausible, especially as the two names could easily have been conflated. 56,
(Tell el-Jurn), 'En Gedi (Tel Goren)—Land:
86, 90 Ephraim, Mount. Jebel Nablus. The part of the 434 [187097] © Gaz.: 55 [187098] ¢ T/R: 121
Central Range of the hill country of Israel [187098] ¢ Abel: 316-317. Excavated site. 68,
72, 86, 96 north of Jerusalem and south of Dothan. 150, ' Enganna. En-Gannim (in Gilead/Peraea), Eggan158, 160 ni, Enganna, 'Ain Jinne—Gaz.: 55 [224194].
Unexcavated. 94
Ephratha I, see Bethleem I. 42, 82, 172 Ephratha II, see Arbela II. 80
Ephron I, J: Efraea, Efron I. Mount Ephron, elEnganni. En-gannim (in Issachar), Khirbet Beit
Qastel, Har Ma'oz—MBA: 178 see Map 73. A Jann?—Land: 434 [196235] ¢ Beth Gan—TTR: ridge west of Jerusalem running between 77 [196235] ¢ Jenin—Abel: 317 ((Engannim [2])
161131 and 164133. If the reference to Joshua [178207]. However, Aharoni (Land: 432) identifies Jenin as Beth-haggan. Its Classical name
15:9 is correct, then Eusebius' identification of the site with Apharaema (see Aphra) is (Ginae, Ginan—Gaz.: 62) certainly is compatincorrect. 86
Ephron II, see Ephraim. 90
Ephron, Mount, see Ephron I. ible with Abel's suggestion. Unexcavated. 94
Engannim. En-gannim (in Judaea), Beit Jemal?— WHAB: 123 [148126]. Eusebius' information is somewhat confused, as Bethel was never in the Ephthael, Valley of, see Geephthael. 70
Epiphaneia, see Aimath II. 23, 90 territory of Judah. The Judaean En-gannim Er, see Areopolis. 10
Ereb = Eremintha, J: Eremiththa. Arab. Unidenwas in the Shephelah. 94
Eniakebzeb= J: Inaczeb.
Yegeb-Zeeb, "in the winepress of Zeeb'' (Hebrew). Unidentified.
While ''the winepress of Zeeb" was probably a well-known local landmark, it is unlikely ever tified town in the Negeb of Judah. If Eusebius' identification of Arab with Eremintha is correct, perhaps his Eremintha is the same as his Eremmon, on which see Ain. Abel: 248 to be identified. 88
Enkela. Unidentified village seven milestones in identifies it with er Rabiye, also known as Khirbet Rabud. However, this excavated site is now identified with Kiriath-sepher/Debir (see an unstated direction from Eleutheropolis/Beth
Gubrin. 88
Dabeira I). 86
Enlechi= In Lechei, J: Inlech. B'/echiy, "with the Eremintha, see Ereb. 86
Eremmon, see Ain. 88
Erga=Arga. Argob, 'Arjan—Gaz.: 56 [219200] jawbone" (Hebrew). Not a place-name. 88, 122
Enna. Azmonah, Azmon, 'Ain Muweilih?—Land:
431 [085010]. Unexcavated. 84
Ennom, Land of, see Pharanx Ennom. 170
Ennom, Valley of, see Gaiennoum. 71, 164 (see also Argob). Unexcavated. 16
Ergab.
'Argob, "stony" (Hebrew). This word does not appear in the text at this point in the Masoretic Text, where it is replaced by ha eben
Ennoum, Valley of, see Gaiennoum. 70
En Remmous, see Ain. 146
Enthaath = J: Inthaath. Thahath? 82 ha ezel. However, it is now thought that the correct reading should be ha ergab ha latz, "'this mound of stones"—BDB: 229. Not a placeEpauleis Tair, see Auoth Iaeir. 45
Ephraim = Ephron I. Ephraim, Ephra(ia), Khirname. 88 bet el Bayadir—Gaz.: 56 [181155] ¢ Abel: 318
('Ephraim [2]) does not specify a site, but refers Erma, see Arma. 83, 88, 90 Ermana, see Arma. 82 to 'Ophra (1)—Abel: 402, where he identifies
However, there is a site marked beside the Ermon, Mount, see Aermon. 146 wadi, called Khirbet Abu Tellul el Medbah on Esau, City of, see Ailath. the Survey of Western Palestine Map [140070], el-Medbah on Musil's map [140070], Horvat
Mizbah on the Survey of Israel map [144066], which would seem a reasonable candidate. T/R:
Esau, Land of, see Edom. 102
Esbos= Esbous, Essebon, J: Esbun, Esbus, Esebon. Heshbon, Hesban—Land: 436 [226134],
Gaz.: 65 [224137]. Excavated site. 12, 16, 46, 76, 56 [141061] lists a Khirbet Abu Tulul, which it makes no attempt to identify, which may also
84, 104, 128, 132, 136 Esbous, see Esbos. 84 relate. 86, 106 Esdraela, see Jezrael. 108
Eththa.
Ittah-kazin. Unidentified town in the Eser, see Asor I. 90 territory of Zebulon, not Simeon, if the Esor, see Asor I. 84
Essan. Eshan—probably an error for Ashan, see reference to Josh. 19: 13 is correct. Abel: 351 believes it should be sought in the vicinity of Saffuriye/Zippori. 88
Eueilat = Euilat. Havilah, Hadramawt?—de MaiAsenna II. 86
Essebon, see Esbon. 84, 104, 128 Esthama, see Esthemo. 90, 91 gret: 224 suggests, based on its association in Esthaol, see Asthaol. 88, 106, 158 the Hebrew text with Sheba/Saba, that this is
Esthemo, see Asthemo. 86 the South Arabian kingdom, which flourished Etam, see Hetam. 96 between c. 400 B.c. and A.D. 300. 80, 166
Etham, see Bouthan. 94
Euein, see Asan II. 86
Ether, see Ietheira. 88
Ethiopia. Country in north-east Africa. 60, 161 Ethnan = Iedna. Ithnan, el-Gebariye, Be'er Nevatim?—Abel: 351 refers only to a spring called
Euila, see Eueilat. 82
Euphrates. A river of Paradise, whose relation to the actual Euphrates is unclear. 82, 83, 174, 175 el-Gebariye on Wadi Imitnan/Nahal Nevatim.
F conduit of the upper pool on the Fuller's Field Fuller's Pool. Unidentified. It is interesting to road," as does Isaiah 36:2. The only pools with note that Eusebius connects the Fuller's Pool conduits known in Pre-Exilic Jerusalem were with Topheth (see Thapheth) and the Field of on the eastern slope of Ophel which does not fit
Blood (see Akeldama). In 2 Kings 18:17 "the Eusebius, but would locate the road leading to upper pool' is said to be on the road to the the Fuller's Field. 102
Fuller's Field, while Isaiah 7:3 refers to "'the
G directed by J. B. Pritchard on behalf of the Gaas. Mount Gaash, Mount Gaas, ""Mountain
University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania in 1956-1962 yielded evidence
N. of Kh. Tibne"—Gaz.: 57 [160158]. 70
Gaba I (in Benjamin/of Saul)=J: Gabatha III. indicating that the main industry of the town in Gibeah of Benjamin/of Saul, Gabath Saul, Tell
Iron II was winemaking. The jars in which the el-Fal, Giveat Shaul—Land: 435 [172136] e wine was stored and shipped bore the name of Gaz.: 57 [172136] ¢ Gabath Saulis—TIR: 127 the town, thereby rendering the identification
[172136] ¢ Abel: 334 (Gibe'a [3]). Although the of the site certain beyond any reasonable identification of this site is generally accepted, substantial doubts are still being raised, partidispute. 34, 48, 66, 114, 172
Gabatha I (in Jezreel). Gabatha, Jebata—Gaz.: 57 cularly by J. M. Miller and A. Demsky, indicating that serious problems remain [170231] e Gevat—TIR: 127 [170231] ¢ Jabata—
TIR: 156. Unexcavated. 70 unresolved. 56, 71 Gaba II, see Gabaon. 115
Gabatha II (in Judaea)=Gabathon II, Basileia.
Gabbaththa?, Jaba'—Gaz.: 57 [157120] © TIR:
Gaba III, see Gabaa I. 132
Gabaa I (in Benjamin)=Gaba III, Gabaan, 127 [157120]. Unexcavated. 70
Gabathon I. Gibbethon, Tell el-Melat, Tel Malot Gaibe, J: Gabe I. Geba, Gaba, Gibeah, Jeba'
—Land: 435 [175140]
¢« TIR: 126 [175140] ¢
—Land: 435 [137140] ¢ SMM: §15: 2, No. 389
[137140] ¢ Abel: 333. Unexcavated. 70
Gabathon II, see Gabatha IJ. The text of Eusebius would appear to be corrupt at this
Abel: 328-329. Unexcavated. This identification is disputed by J. M. Miller. 18, 66, 70, 132
Gabaa II. Gubba?, Be'er 'Oded—Gaz.:
point, Basileia being otherwise unknown, while [124987]. Unexcavated. 70
Gabaan, see Gabaa I. 70
Gabaas=J:
Gabaath.
Gibeah (in Ephraim), Gibe'ath Pinehas, Jibya?—Abel: 335 [165154]. that of Jerome, which reads Bethlehem, makes sense and indicates Gabatha II. 70
Gabe II. Gebe, Gev'a ha-Karmel, Jaba'—Gaz.:
60 [146228] ¢ Gaba on the Carmel—TIR: 126
Eusebius' identification of this site with Ga- [146228]. Unexcavated. 70 batha II, located twelve miles from EleutherGabli, see Byblos. 68
Gadara. Polis Pompeianain ton Gadareon, Gaopolis, is erroneous, since this Gabatha is in Judaea, not Benjamin, and cannot be placed in Mount Ephraim by any means. Jerome's text, der, Umm Qeis—Gaz.: 58 [214229] ¢ Abel: 323.
22, 23, 32, 64, 74, 80 Gadda I (in the Negeb), see Aser II.
Gadda II, see Engaddi. 68 as we have it, locates this Gibeath in Benjamin, whereas Eusebius places it in Ephraim. There is no present means of resolving this discrepancy.
Gaddei, see Geth. 72
Unexcavated. 70
Gabaon=J: Gaba II. Gibeon, Gabaon, el-Jib— Gaddi II. Eusebius writes ""Gaddi, see above," at the end of a discussion of Engaddi. This is a Land: 435 [167139] © Gaz.: 62 [167139] ¢ TIR: reference to Gadda I, in the discussion of which 126-127 [167139] ¢ Abel: 335-336. The identihe confuses Gath with En Gedi. 86 fication was first proposed in 1666 by F. F. von
Toilo, in 1738 by R. Pococke, and by E.
Robinson in 1838. Eusebius' statement that Gibeon was four miles west of Bethel is wholly
Gadeira, see Gader II. 68
Gader I = Tower of Gader. Probably the same site as Ader I, q.v. Migdal-eder, Khirbet es-Siyar,
Khirbet Siyar el-Ghanam—Gaz.: 80 [171123] e SMM:815:
2, No. 603 [171123]. Unexcavated. 62 incompatible with the currently accepted identification of Bethel with Beitin. Excavations, feel
Gaipha=J: Gefa. Ephah. Unidentified place in Gader II =Gadeira, Gidora, J: Gadera, GadoraArabia. 74
Galaad = Galaaditis. Gilead. Region in northern Transjordan between the River Yarmuq on the near-the-Terebinth. Geder (in Judaea), Gederah, Gedor, Gedora, Khirbet Ijdur, Khirbet
Jedur, Khirbet Judur—Land: 435 [158115] ¢ north and the Wadi Zerqa/River Jabbok (or perhaps Wadi Nimrin or Kefrein) on the south.
Gaz..
60 (Gedora
I) [159116]
¢ 7/R:
[158115] ¢ Abel: 330 (Gedor [1]) © SMM: 815:
18, 44, 60, 62, 64, 84, 100, 130, 136, 144, 154 2, No. 374 [158115]. Unexcavated. 68
Galaaditis, see Galaad. 130, 144 Gader, Tower of, see Gader I. 68
Gaderoth. Gederoth, Gedrus?—Abel:
330, see Gedour. 68
Gadgad = Mount Saphar, J: Safar. Mount SheGaleiloth, see Baliloth. 70
Galgal I=Galgala, Golgol.
Gilgal, Galgala, Khirbet el-Mefjer?—Land: 435 [193143] ¢ Tell es Sultan?—Gaz.:
58 [192141] (but this is pher. Unidentified mountain located someancient Jericho!) ¢ Juljulich near Khirbet enNitle—TIR: 128 [196139] ¢ Khirbet en-Netele where in the northern Sinai Peninsula. 62, 154
Gadgada. Gudgodah, Wadi Gadaged—Abel: or el-Etele, Khirbet en-Nitla—Abel: 336-337.
Unexcavated. 46, 64, 84 Galgal II. Gilgal. An unidentified site near 339-340. A site in Sinai—Wadi el-Ghaghib?—
SMM: inside back cover [103808 to 100780].
Unexcavated. 64
Bethel. 66
Gai I, see Aggai. 6, 40, 43, 50, 66 Galgala, see Galgal I. 64, 84 Galgoulis = J: Galgulis. Galgulis, Jaljulye—Gaz.:
Gai II, see Ate. 62
Gai III (in Moab) = Valley of Moab. Gay' bearetz Moab, ''a valley in the land of Moab"
(Hebrew). Not a specific place-name. 64
58 [145173] ¢ TIR: 128 [145173]. Unexcavated.
Galilaia, see Galilee. 44
Gai IV. Gay', ''a valley" (Hebrew). Not a placeGalilee (Gk. Galilaia) = Galilee of the Gentiles, J: name. 70
Galilaea. Although Eusebius correctly states Gaia, see Gai II. 62
Gaibal = J: Gebal. Mount Ebal, Jebel Islamiye— that there were two Galilees, he has mistaken the division, which is correctly between Upper,
Gaz.:
53 [175182] ¢ Ebal Mons—T7IR:
or northern, Galilee, and Lower, or southern, [175182]. 64
Galilee, not between eastern and western Gaibe, see Gabaa I. 66
Gaiennoum = Geena, Valley of Ennoum, Land of Ennom, J: Geenna, Geennom, Valley of Ennom.
Gay' Hinnom, "Valley of Hinnom" (Hebrew).
The valley which runs round the western and southern sides of ancient Jerusalem. The site of Tophet, the place where children were sacriGalilee, as he states. 58, 72, 99, 116, 120, 140,
Galilee, Upper, see Naphthali, Mount.
Galilee, Sea of, see Gennasareth, Lake.
Galilee of the Gentiles, see Galilee. 72, 116, 120 Gallaia. Gallaia, Gallaa, Jilya—Gaz.: 58 [137130] e Galaia, Galaa—TIR:
127 [137130] ¢ Abel: ficed to Molech, used in the New Testament as 324. Unexcavated. 72
Gallei= J: Gallim. Gallim, Khirbet Ka'kul or Qa'quli—WHAB:
124 [174135] ¢ OBA: 73 e the name of a place of eternal punishment. 70,
Gaimod = J: Gamon, Gemen. Gd'6wn Moab, "'the Abel: 324-325 ¢ the location of this site is most pride of Moab" (Hebrew). Not a place-name. clearly shown on AASOR 45: Fig. 2. Unex-
cavated. 72
Ganges, see Phison. 80, 166 Gareb. The Hill of Gareb. A hill on the southwest Gaion = Geon, Nile. Gihon. One of the four rivers of paradise, not to be confused with the spring of Jerusalem—BDB: 173; possibly the '""Westof the same name in Jerusalem, known today as the Virgin's Fountain. 60 ern Hill." 74
Gebein= J: Gebin. Gebim. Abel: 329 prefers the Gargasei, see Gergasei. 68
Garizein= J: Garizin. Mount Gerizim, Jebel etTar—Gaz.: 61 [175178] ¢ Gerizim Mons—TYR: reading 'the cisterns' to '"'the hills,' and proposes the cisterns of Batn el-Battash [171131]. The reading ''the hills," taking the word as a general reference and not as a specific
133-134 [175178]. 64
Gasion Gaber, see Asion Babai. 62 place-name, would fit the context perfectly Gaua, see Anaeougaua. 38
Gaulon=Golan II, J: Golam. Golan, Gaulan, Sahm el-Jolan?, Sahm el-Jaulan—Land:
well. 74
Geddour=J:
Gedud.
Ha-gedud, "this band"
(Hebrew). Not a place-name. 72
Gedour = Gaderoth, Gedrous, J: Gedur, Gedrus.
Kidron, Gedrus, Qatra—Gaz.: 74 [129136] ¢ [238243] © Gaz.: 59 [238243] ¢ Abel: 338-339.
Unexcavated. 64
Gaza. Gazatu, Qazatu (Egyptian), Hazati, Azzati Abel: 296. However, Gidirtha, Khirbet Jadira,
Horvat Gader—TI/R:
132 [146137].
Both unexcavated. 68
(El-Amarna), Azzah, el-Ghuzze, Ghazzeh— Land: 434 [099101] © Gaz.: 59 [099101] e elGhazze—TIR: 129-131 [099101] ¢ Abel: 327Gedrous, see Gedour. 68
328 e Wilkinson: 157. Unexcavated. 10, 24, 48, Geenna, see Gaiennoum. 70, 170 Geephthael= Valley of Ephthael, Iephthael, J:
62, 130, 133, 168 Gazara, see Gazer I. 66
Gazer I= Gazara. Gezer, Tell Abu Shusheh, Tell Geefthael, Valley of Efthael, Iefthael.
Gay'
Iphtahel, Valley of Iphtahel, Wadi el-Khalladiyeh and Wadi Rummaneh. A valley in the Jezar, Tell Jezer, Tel Gezer—Land:
[142140] © Gaz.: 62 [142140] ¢ Gazara (II), Gadaris—T/R: 131 [142140] ¢ Abel: 332-333.
Plain of Jezreel. 70, 110 Geion=J: Gion. Gihon, "The Virgin's FounThe discovery of a series of boundary markers tain." The spring which constituted the water dating from the Hellenistic period by C. supply for ancient Jerusalem, located at the Clermont-Ganneau in 1871 has firmly estabfoot of the slope of the eastern side of the hill of Ophel. 72
Gelamsour = J: Gelamsur. Gelowm Shur, "wraplished the identification of the site. Excavated site. 66
Gazer II. Textual error for Gibeon—see Gazera. ping or garment Shur" (Hebrew). The text used by Eusebius, probably the Hexapla of Origen,
TZ Gazera= Gazer II. This appears to represent a was clearly corrupt at this point, and should be corruption in the text used by Eusebius, in corrected to read '"'from Telam in the direction which Gezer is substituted for Gibeah, and Gazer for Gibeon. 72
Geba (in Ephraim). Geeba, Geba, et-Tell—Gaz.: of Shur' (Jerusalem Bible). Telam is identified as Khirbet Umm es-Salafe—Abel:
[145046]. Shur was "The line of Egyptian border forts in the eastern Delta'"—Land: 10.
59 (Geba I) [174158] ¢ Gaba in Ephraim—T/R:
125 [174158] © Abel: 329 (Geba [3]). Unex- (p Gelboue = J: Gelbue. Mount Gilboah, Jebel Fuqu'ah—WHAB:
124. A ridge to the west of Beth-shan, whose peak, at 497 m, is located at cavated. 74
Gebalene = Gebalitike, J: Gebalena, Gebalitica.
Roman/Byzantine province in the area of ancient Edom. 8, 62, 92, 96, 102, 104, 124,
188213. 72
Gelbous = J: Gelbus. Gelbus, Belbous, Jalbun— 128, 142, 150, 168 Gebalitike, see Gebalene. 96, 168 Gebaroth=Chamoam, J: Gebarth. Unidentified
Gaz.: 60 [189207] ¢ TIR: 132 [189207]. Unexcavated. 72 site near Bethlehem in Judaea. The word géruwth means a temporary habitation, and is
Gelgel, see Goein of Gelgel. 68
Gelmon Deblathaeim = Deblathaeim, J: Gelmon translated in the New Jerusalem Bible as "khan." 74, 174 Deblathaim, Dablathaim.
Almon-diblathaim,
[135123] © SMM: §15: 2, No. 362 [135123] ¢ Beth-diblathaim, Khirbet Deleilat esh-Shergiyeh?—Gaz.: 228226 (Kh. Duleilat) ¢ Land:
Gaz.: 92 [135123] ¢ TIR: 134, 222 [135123].
Excavated site. 68, 72 Gethem= Aueith, J: Auith, Gethaim, Geththim.
430 [228116] ¢ Deleilet el-Gharbiye—A bel: 242, 269. Unexcavated. 62, 80 Gelon=Gilon.
Holon, Hilen, Khirbet 'Alin— Avith, Geththaim, Khirbet el-Gitte—Abel: 257 locates this city at this site, which is not marked
Abel: 349 (Holon [1]) [156114] ¢ Giloh, Khirbet Jala—A bel: 338 [157114]. This entry appears to . on the maps available to me, but which is somewhere in the region of Jebel el-Juth-tha, whose peak is marked at 208957 on the map of reflect a textual error conflating Holon and Giloh (for Giloh see Cheilon). 68, 72 the Department of Antiquities of Jordan. 62, 73
Gethremmon I (in Manasseh).
Gath-rimmon, Gitirimunima (el-Amarna), Rummane—Abel:
Gemela, see Araba I. 72, 132 Gennesareth (Gk. Gennesaritis) = Chenereth, Lake of Tiberias, J: Genesareth, Chennereth,
Lake of Gennesar. The Sea of Galilee, Mare 327 (Gath Rimmon [1]) [169214] ¢ Gaz. 169214.
Unexcavated. 68
Gethremmon II (in Dan). Gath-Rimmon, Tell Tiberiadis, Gennesar Lacus, Kinneret—T7/7R:
179,58, 74, 120, 172 Ger. The Ascent of Gur. A section, near Ibleam Jerisheh?, Tell Napoleon, Tell Jerisheh, Tel Gerisa—Land: 434 [132166]
« SMM: §15: 2,
(see Ieblaam), of the road between Jezreel and Beth-haggan (Jenin). 72
Gerara = Geraritike, Geraritic region, J: GeraritiNo. 366 [132166] © OBA: 129 ¢ Tell Abu Zeitun or Beit Jiz—Abel: 327-328 (Gath Rimmon [2])
—135168 or 145135, respectively ¢ Tell Abu Zeitun?—WHAB, lst Edition:
109. Given ca. Gerar, Saltus Gerariticus, Tell Abu Hureireh, Tel Haror—Land: 435 [112087] « SMM:
Eusebius' information that the site is between §15: 2, No. 379 [112087] ¢ Tell esh-Shari*a—
Diospolis I/Lod and Eleutheropolis/Beit GuvGaz.: 61 [119088] ¢ TIR: 132-133 [112087] e
Silvani Monasterium—T7/R: 232 @ Abel: 330— rin, Tell Jerisheh, and Tell Abu Zeitun, are not good candidates, as they are north of Lod. This may indicate that the name had moved to Beit
331, 443. 60, 166, 168 Geraritic region, see Gerara. 60, 167, 169 Jiz by his time. Tell Jerisheh is an excavated
Geraritike, see Gerara. 166, 168 Gerasa. Jerash. The city of the Antiochenes on site. 70
Gethsimane = J: Gethsemani. Gethsemane. 74 the River Chrysorhoas, formerly (of) the people of Gerasa, holy and sacrosanct; Jerash—Gaz.:
Geththa, see Geth. 72
Geththachopher, see Geththepher. 72
Geththepher = Geththachopher, J: Geththefer, 61 (Gerasa I) [234187]. Excavated site. 16, 32,
64, 94, 102, 110, 134 Gergasei = Gergesa, Gargasei, J: Gargasi. GergeGethtthachofer. Gath-hepher, Geth quae set in Ofer, Hefer, Gubbeta de Sipporin, Khirbet ezsa, Chorsia, Kursi—SMM:
§15: 2, No. 384
[211248] ¢ Gaz.: 49 [211248] ¢ T7R: 104 [211248] Zurra', Meshed, Tel Gat Hefer—Land:
[180238] ¢ Gaz.:
62 (Geth II), 64 (Hefer) e Abel: 332. Unexcavated. 64, 68, 74 [180238] ¢ T7R: 134 [180238] ¢ Abel: 326-327.
Gergesa, see Gergasei. 74
Unexcavated. 70, 72 Gesem. Goshen, Wadi Tumilat—Land:
196. A Gidora, see Gader II. 68 region in the north-eastern Delta of the Nile. 62
Gesoureim = Gesom, Gessour, J: Gesur. GeshurGilon. Probably identical with Giloh ¢ see Gelon.
ites, Gari, Gaulonitis—Land: 38 ¢ Gesher, Jisr el-Majami—SMM: §15: 2, No. 386 [203225] e
Gison, see Goson. 68
Giththam. Gittham, Giththam, Ras Abu HaLand: 465. Unexcavated. 68, 72, 132 mid—Gaz.: 62 [139145] ¢ 77R: 136 [139145] e
Gessour, see Gesoureim. 72, 132 Geth = Gaddei, Geththa, J: Gaddi I. Gath, SaAbel: 338. Unexcavated. 72 phitha, Tell es-Safi, Tel Zafit—Land:
Gob. Unidentified. The account of the same inci-
that on p.136 is to the period when it was part dent in | Chron. 20:4 has Gezer—Abel: 338. 72 of Provincia Arabia.
Jerome's reading of Gobel, see Byblos. 58
Eusebius' text in Onom. 18 as referring to the Golan (19) would appear to be an error. His
Goein of Gelgel = Gelgel, J: Goim in Gelgel. Goiim in Galilee, "'the nations in Galilee' (Hebrew). reading of the same word later as '"'corner"
Eusebius' identification of this with a village (137) may give a clue as to the correct meaning, near Antipatris is most likely due to an error in the text he was using. Not a place-name, although used as such in the text of the Book although Nineveh II= Naveh is in the Golan, unlike the Auoth Iaeir, which are in Gilead. 18,
Gophna, see Gouphna. 168
Goson = Gison. Goshen, Tell el-Khuweilifeh?, Tel of Joshua (it occurs in the list of Canaanite kings and their towns as a town). 68
Golan II, see Gaulon. 64
Golathmaeim = J: Golathmaim.
Golath may'im, Halif—Land: 201 [137087]. Elsewhere, however (Land: 434), Aharoni suggests that this site is
En-rimmon ¢ SMM: §15: 2, No. 328 [137086]— "give me springs of water" (Hebrew). Not a place-name. 68
Khirbet Umm er-Ramamin, Horvat Rimmon 1s Golgol, see Galgal I. 64
Golgotha = Place of the Skull, J: Calvary. Golplausibly suggested as En-rimmon e Abel: 318.
Goshen was a city which gave its name to a gotha, from gulgoleth, "'skull" (Hebrew). The region, the latter being referred to in the verse site of the crucifixion of Jesus, traditionally cited. 68
Gouphna = Gophna, Gouphnon, J: Gufna, Gufne.
Gophna, Beth Gophnah, Beit Gufnin, Jifna— located near Christ's tomb and now in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, though relocated further south in Gibson and Taylor
Gaz.: 63 [170152] « TIR: 137 [170152] © Abel:
(1994: 59-60). 74
Gomorra. Gomorrah. One of the five "Cities of 339. Unexcavated. 26, 74, 168 Gouphnon, see Gouphna. 74
Gozan. Gozan, Tell Halaf—WHAB:
124 (40° the Plain' whose destruction is recorded in Gen.
19: 25. Perhaps one of the five Early Bronze cities discovered on the eastern side of East, 36°46' North). Excavated site. 36, 74
Great Emath, see Aemath II. 90 the Wadi Arabah, see Adma I. 60
Great Plain (of Legio)= Mega Pedion. "Great Gonia. Northern Gilead and the Golan. The Plain,' Campus Maximus, Plain of Jezreel, reference in Onom. 18 is to the period in which Esdraelon, Plain of Esdraelon, Jezreel Valley— the area east of the River Jordan, north of Wadi Yabis, and south of the River Yarmuk
TIR: 182. 14, 58, 70, 108, 110, 116
was part of the province of Batanaea, while H Halon Orna=J: Area Ornae. The Threshing Halon Atad=Bathagla, Bethagla, Bethalon, J:
Floor of Araunah the Jebusite. This is identiAreaatad, Bethalla.
Goren-ha-Atad, "The Threshing Floor of Atad" (Hebrew), Alon fied as the site of the construction of the Altar of the Temple of Solomon. Some scholars Atad, Abel-mizraim, Beth-hoglah, Deir Hajlah,
Qasr Hajle—Land: 432 [197136] * Gaz.: 39 identify this with the stone beneath the Dome of the Rock. Others reject this in favour of [197136] © TIR: 79 [197136] © Tell el-Aglab or other locations on the Temple Platform/Haram
Khirbet Garbe?—Abel: 234. Unexcavated. 8, esh-Sharif to the north of the Davidic city of 48, 52
TIR: 123 [166122] ¢ Abel: 321 ¢ Gaz.: 56 locates 'Eyn 'Etam at 165122. Unexcavated. 96
Hierako = J: Ieracon. Me-jarkon, Yarqon?, Nahr Jerusalem, notably, the rock beneath the Dome of the Chain, to the east of the Dome of the Rock. 34
Harmathaim, see Armathem Seipha. 160
Helioupolis = City of the Sun, On I, J: Heliopolis. el-'Auja, Nahal Yarkon, River Yarkon—MBA:
181 [143168 to 129168]
« WHAB: 125. 110
Hiericho, see Jericho.
Hierousalem, see Jerusalem.
Hieramelei= J: Ierameli. Jerahmeel, the Negeb On, On-mehit ('the northern On,"
BethShemesh [Jer. 43: 13]), Heliopolis—Land: 378
(31°16'54" East, 30°5'51" North). The centre of of. A region in the northern Negeb centred on Arad—Land: 201, Map 15. A tribe, affiliated to the worship of the sun in northern Egypt. The origins of the city go back into the prehistoric period. Excavations at the site by Sir Flinders
Petrie in 1912 were disappointing. The site is now a fashionable suburb of Cairo, and no longer accessible to excavation. 39, 176
Henadab=J: Enadab. Enadab, Henadab, Beit Judah, inhabiting the region south of Beersheba—WHAB: 125, Map VI: B6. 110
Hiermochos, see Ierimouth. 106
Hill of Foreskins, see Bounos Akrobustion. 47
Hinnom, Valley of, see Gaiennoum.
Hippe = Hippos. Susitah, Hippus, Qal'at el-Husn —Gaz.: 65 [211242] ¢ Wilkinson: 159 (Hippene)
'TItab—Gaz.: 55 [155126] ¢ TIR: 120 [155126].
Unexcavated. 94
Hepha= J: Efa. Haifa, Hepha, Heyfah, Haifa— [212242] ¢ Hippos—TYR: 147 [211242], Horvat
Susita—T/R:
¢ Abel: 471-472.
UnexGaz.:
63 [149248] * Hefa—T/R:
141-142 cavated. 22, 80 Hippodrome. A place five miles south of Jerusa- [149248] ¢ Abel: 347-348. Unexcavated. 108
Herakon = J: Ereccon. Rakkon, Tell er-Reqqiet— lem, at the Tomb of Rachel, see Archelaus,
Tomb of. 82
WHAB:
126 [c. 130171] ¢ Abel: 433. Unexcavated. 96
Hermon, Mount, see Aermon. 20, 84 Heroonpolis. Goshen, see Phithom. 94
Hetam=J:
Etam.
Etam, Htan, Khirbet elKhokh—Land: 434 [166121] ¢ 'Ein 'Atan— Hippos, see Hippe. 80
Hivite. Avvites. A people said to have preceded the Caphtorim/Philistines in the region of Gaza. 62
J [Jacob's Well. Puteus Iacobi—T/7R: 205 [175180].
Iaar.
Ya'ar, "honeycomb"
(Hebrew). Not a
place-name. 110
Iadela. Iralah, Idalah, Ideala, Hivria, Heireiah, Iabeir, see Dabeira I. 106
Haureiah, Khirbet el-Hawara, el-Huwwara— Iabeis Galaad, see Iabis. 110
Land: 126 ¢ Gaz.: 65 (Hivria IT) [167236] ¢ Abel: labis=Iabeis Galaad, J: Iabis Galaad. Jabesh-
e WHAB: 124. Unexcavated. 110 gilead, Tell el-Maqlub—Land: 437 [214201] laeir, see Auoth Iaeir. 106, 116 Tell er-Ras, in Wadi el-Yabis—Gaz.:
Iafo, Ascent of. Road leading from Jaffa to Beth [213202] ¢ Deir Halawa—Abel: 352. UnexcaHoron and Jerusalem—Dorsey (1991): 181-184 vated. 32, 110 and Map 13. See also Zebulon, Steps of. 109
Iagour = J: Iagur. Jagur, Tell Gurr—Abel: 353
Iabok = J: Brook Iabbok. River Jabbok, Nahr ezZerqga—M BA: 179 ¢ Gaz.: 67 [200162-246178].
[145070]. Unexcavated. 106
102, 147
[177205] ¢ Abel: 357. Unexcavated. 72, 108 Iamein = J: lamin. Yamin, "the right hand," 'the south" (Hebrew). Not a place-name. 108
Iamneia = Iamnia, J: Iamnel. Jabneel (in Judah), Yavneh (in Judah), Jamnia, Jabneh, Yibnah,
Yebna, Yavne—Land: 437 [126141] © Gaz.: 67
Iebous, see Ailia. 106
Iechthael.
Joktheel.
Unidentified town in the Shephelah of Judah—MBA: Map 130 ¢ Abel:
366. 106
[126141] ¢ Wilkinson: 160 ¢ Yibna—T77R: 149Iechthoel, see Petra. 142
150 [126141] ¢ Abel: 354. Unexcavated. 22, 50, Iedna, see Ethnan. 106
Iekdaan= J: Iecdaan. Jokdeam, Khirbet Raqa— 72, 106 Iamnel = J: Iabnel. Jabneel (in Naphtali), Kefar
Iamma, Kefar Yamma, Tell en-Na'am, Tel Yin'am—Land: 437 [198235] ¢ Gaz.: 72 [197234]
Abel: 365 [160095]
¢ OBA: 132
© WHAB: 125.
Unexcavated. 108
Iekkomam = Ieknal, Kammona J: Ieconam, Iecnal. e Abel: 353 (Jabneel [2]). Unexcavated. 110
Jokneam, Kammona, Cimona, Tell Qeimun, Iamnia, see lamneia. 106
Ianna= J: Cliff of Fasga. Yeshiymown, "waste, Tel Yoqneam—Land: 437 [160230] © Gaz.: 50
[160230] * Camona—TIR: 96 [160230] ¢ Abel: wilderness" (Hebrew). Not a place-name. 104
365-366. Excavated site. 106, 108, 116 Iekmaan = J: Ieemaan.
Jokmeam, Coreae, Tell elMazar?—Land: 437 [195171] ¢ Gaz.: 50 [195171] Iano.
Janoah, Khirbet Yanun—Land:
[184173] ¢ Janua—Gaz.: 68 [184173] ¢ TIR:
150 [184173] ¢ Abel: 354 (Janoha). Unexcae Tell Zamadi (el-Qarawa)?—TIR:
105-106 vated. 108
Ianoua= J: Ianua. Janua, Yamon, el-Yamtn— [196171]. While Aharoni's identification may well be accurate for the Iron Age settlement,
Gaz.: 68 (Janua IT) [171210] ¢ lanua—TYR: 150
TIR is preferable for the Roman-Byzantine [171210] © Tell en-Na'mi?, Yanouh—Abel: 354 period, because, as the authors state, there are
[179296]. Unexcavated. 108
Ianoun=Ianum. Janum. Unidentified town near no Roman-Byzantine remains at Tell Mazar.
Tell Zamadi (el-Qarawa) is unexcavated. 110
Hebron—Abel: 354. Unexcavated. 108
Iapheth= J: Iafthie, see Ioppa. Eusebius erroneously identifies Japhia/Joppa with SycamiIeknal, see Jekkonam. 108
Iekthoel, see Petra. 110
Telon. Elon—Abel: 312-313 (Elon [2]) suggests num, and also with Haifa. 108
Deir 'Alein [152138], to the west of Beit Mahsir, Beit Meir, or Khirbet Wady 'Alin [149127] between Deir Aban and 'Ain Shems. Both Iareim, see Baal II. 48, 106, 114 Iaseb.
Yashab, ''to inhabit" (Hebrew). Not a place-name. 108 unexcavated. 110 lephlithi= J: Ieflethi. Japhletites. The inhabitants lather = J: Itheth. Jetheth. An Edomite clan and of the unidentified town of Japhleth on the an unidentified locality. 104 lazer = Azer, Azor. Azor, Jazer, Jaazer, Khirbet es-Sar?—Land: 437 [228150] ¢ Abel: 356-357 southern border of the territory of Ephraim.
Iephthael, see Geephthael. 110
Iephthan= J: Tecthan. Iphtah, Tricomias, Terqumiye—Gaz.: 102 [151109] « Abel: 365 ¢ OBA:
Gaz.: 68 [227152]. Unexcavated. 12, 105 Idumaea = Idoumaea, Idoumaia. A region, originally in southern Transjordan as Edom (q.v.),
131. Unexcavated. 106
Jerahmeel, The Negeb of, see Hieramelei. but Idumaea proper belongs to the Hellenistic and Roman periods, when the Edomites moved
Ieria = Seria. Jos. Ant. 1:147 has Aria as a region into southern Cisjordan, and, later, into southin India. The reading in Eusebius of "Syria" would appear to be a textual error. 82, 151, 177 ern Judaea. 46, 62, 80, 102, 152 Ieblaam.
Ibleam, Yb'am (Egyptian), Jibleam, Jericho (Gk. Hiericho). Iericho (Latin), Tell esBelemoth,
Khirbet Bel'ameh—Land:
Sultan, Eriha—Land: 437 [192142] e Abel: 357— (177205] ¢ Gaz.:
70 [177205] * TIR:
360. In the Hasmonaean and Herodian periods
lotapata, Khirbet Shifat, Khirbet Jefat, Horvat Yodefat—Land:
437 [176248] ¢ Gaz.:
[176248] ¢ TIR:
154 [176248] ¢ Abel:
(Jotapata and Jotbah). Unexcavated. 110
Ietabatha.
Jotbathah, Tabeh?—Land:
[139878] ¢ Abel: 366. Unexcavated. 104 occupation at Jericho shifted to nearby Tulul
Abu el 'Alayiq—Gaz.: 68-69 [192140] ¢ Hiericho—TIR: 143-144 [192140]. Excavated site.
8, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24, 46, 48, 64, 66, 78, 84, 98, 100, 104, 136, 154 Jericho, Desert of, see Aulon. 86
Ierimouth = Hiermochos, Iermous, J: larimuth, Termucha, Iermus. Jarmuth (in Judaea), Jarmu_ Jetheira = Ether, J: Iether, Iethira. Ether, Jattir (in Judaea), Jethira, Khirbet 'Attir, Horvat Yatir
—Land: 437 [151084] ¢ Gaz.: 70 [151084] ¢ Iethira—T/R:
151-152 [151084] ¢ Abel: 356. cha, Hiermochos, Khirbet el-Yarmuk/Tel Yarmut—Land: 437 [147124]. However, Jarimuth,
Khirbet el-Marmita—Gaz.: 68 [151130] ¢ Abel:
Unexcavated. 88, 106, 108, 110 Iether, see Ietheira. 108, 110 Iethlan=J: Iethlam. Eusebius appears to have
356 (Jarmouth [1]). Jarmuth in Judaea appears to be correctly identified with Khirbet elYarmuk so far as the references down to Nehemiah 11:29 are concerned, but the name conflated two sites mentioned in Josh. 19: 42, viz., Jethlah (Ythlah, Silta, Tel Shelat—Abel:
364 [152147]) and Aijalon (Alous, Alus, Yalu, Yalo—Land: 430 [152138] © Gaz.: 28 [152138] e of this site appears to have changed to Jarmuch by Roman/Byzantine times, with the name Jarmuth having transferred to Khirbet elMarmita. Khirbet el-Yarmuk is an excavated
Abel: 240-241. See Ailom). Both unexcavated.
Iettan, see Bethanin. 108 site; Khirbet el-Marmita is unexcavated. 106
Tezrael I. Jezreel (in Judaea), Khirbet Terrama, Iermoth =Iermouth, J: Hiermochos, J: Ierimuth,
Khirbet el-Majnuna?—Abel: 365 (Jezreel [2]) Iermoth. Remeth, Yarmouth, Agrippina, K6kab el-Hawa?, Belvoir de l'Hopital, KokhavHayarden—Land:
[199222] ¢ Gaz.:
[154099] ¢ OBA: 132. Unexcavated. 108
Iezrael Il =Esdraela. Jezreel, Esdraela, Yizra'el, Zir'in, Zer'in, Tel Yizre'el—Land: 437 [181218]
[199222] ¢ Gropina, Kokhav ha-Yarden, Kaukab el-Hawa—TIR: 168-169 [199223] ¢ Abel:
© Gaz.: 70 [181218] ¢ lezreel—TIR: 152 [181218] e Abel: 364-365 (Jezreel [1]). Unexcavated. 34,
435. 110
108, 160 Iermous, see Ierimouth. 106
India. Region in the East. 7, 80, 82, 102, 122, 150, Iermouth, see Jermoth. 110
160, 166, 176 Ioppa=Iapheth, Sukaminos, J: loppe, Iafthie, Sycaminus. Joppa, Japhia, loppee, Yafo, Flavia
Ieron. Yiron, Yarun—Land: 443 [189276] ¢ Abel:
351 (Ire'on). Unexcavated. 110
Ierphel=J:
Ierfel.
Irpeel, Rapha?, Rephaia?, Rafat—Abel: 351 [168142]. Unexcavated. 108
Jerusalem = Gk. Heirousalem, see Ailia. 25, 37, Joppe, Yafa, Yafo—Land: 437 [126162] ¢ Gaz.:
70 [126162] ¢ Jaffa—TIR: 152-153 [126162] Abel: 355-356. Excavated site. It may also appear under the name "Laseron," q.v. 96, 108,
38, 58, 70, 74, 82, 104, 106, 108, 114, 118, 135, 146, 153, 162, 164, 170, 174 Tessa = Maththanem, J: Iassa, Maththane, Mas110, 162 Jordan (Gk. Iordan). River Jordan, Nahr Urchana. Jahaz, Jahazah, Mattanah, Machana,
Maschana?, el-Medine, Mudaiyina, el-Mudunn, Iordanes Flumen—T7/7R: 153-154. 8, 10,
12, 14, 16, 20, 22, 25, 32, 40, 44, 46, 48, 58, 60, daiyina, Khirbet el-Medeiyineh?—Land:
62, 64, 66, 70, 75, 76, 78, 81, 84, 98, 102, 104, [236110] © Gaz.: 79 [236111] ¢ Jalul?—Abel:
110, 112, 120, 122, 128, 136, 147, 156, 174 Jordan Valley, see Aulon.
381 [231125] ¢ Khirbet Iskander?—Abel: 354
[224109]. Of these sites only Khirbet Iskander Iosaphat, Valley of, see Koilas losaphat. 119, 170 has been excavated. 104, 126 Joseph's Tomb. Monumentum Iosephi, Qever Yosef—TIR: 188 [177179]. 54
Iessemoun, see Bethasimouth. 106
Ietaba.
Jotbah, Yodphat, Yotbat, Jotapata,
mostly east of the Jordan and west of the Iloud=J: Iud. Jehud, 'Ioudaia, Iuda, el-Yehudiyeh, Yehud—Land: 437 [139159] ¢ Gaz.: 68 latitude of Dium. 110, 166 Judaea.
Region comprising the allotment of [139159] ¢ Abel: 357. Unexcavated. 110
Judah. 14, 16, 36, 45, 47, 51, 53, 76, 92, 95, Isimoth, see Bethasimouth. 106
102, 104, 110, 122, 138, 148, 154, 162, 172 Judgement I, Well of. Esek, "quarrel" (Hebrew).
Isimouth, see Bethasimouth. 48
Itaburion, see Thabor (I), Mount 110 A well dug by the servants of Isaac near Gerar.
Itouraea (Gk. Itouraia)=J:
Iturea.
Ituria. A
Judgement II, Well of, see Bersabee. 168 region on the Golan Heights northeast of the Sea of Galilee, stretching from approximately
Dium in the south to Panias in the north, lying K Kades II[=J: Cedes II. Kedesh (Naphtali), Kabsaeim = J: Capsaim. Kibzaim, Qusein—Abel:
Khirbet Qedish, Horvat Qedesh—Land: 438
417 [167183]. Unexcavated. 114
Kabseel= Kapseel, J: Capseel. Kabzeel, Jekab- [202237]. Abel: 416 identifies Kedesh Naphtali with Kedesh in Galilee, at Qadas or Qades see zeel, Khirbet Ghareh?, Khirbet Hora, Tel 'Ira
—MBA:
179 [144077] ¢ OBA:
132. UnexcaKudissos. Unexcavated. 116
Kades, Desert of, see Kades I. 84
Kades Barne, see Kades I. 112
Kammona, see Iekkonam. 116
Kamon=J: Camon, Cimona. Kamon, Camus, vated. 114, 118 Kademim = J: Cedemi. Kadumim, "'ancient" (Hebrew). Not a place-name. 116
Kademoth = Kedson, J: Cademoth, Cedson. Kedemoth, 'Aleiyan?—Land: 438 [233104] ¢ either
Qasr ez-Za'feran, Khirbet et-Tannur [217042] Kamous, Qamm?—Land: 438 [218221] © Gaz.:
45 [219222] ¢ Abel: 412. Unexcavated. 116
Kana I=Kane, J: Cana I, Cane. Kana (Brook), or Khirbet er-Remeil [219036]. All unexcaWadi Qanah, Nahal Mikhman, Mochmur
Brook—Land: 469 e MBA: 180. 114, 117 Kana II=J: Cana II. Kanah, Qana—Land: 438 vated. 114
Kades I=Kades Barne, Barne, Desert of Kades, Mariboth, J: Cades, Cades Barne, Cadesbarne,
[178290] * Kafr Kanna? or Horvat Qana?— Desert of Cades. Meribah in Kadesh, KadeshTIR: 96-97, 159 [182239 or 178247, respecbarnea, 'Ain el-Qudeirat—Land: 438 [096006] ¢ tively] ¢ Abel: 412 (Qana [1]). Unexcavated. 116
Kanath = Kaniatha, Nobba, Naboth I, J: Canath, Cadesh Barnea—TI/R: 94 [096006] ¢ Abel: 412.
In spite of much early dispute and a few Canatha, Nobah, Nabe. Nobah, Kenath, Qanu modern dissenters (for both see Davies: 74), the (Egyptian), Canatha, Qanawat, el-Qanawat— identification now generally accepted is with Land: 438 [302241] © Gaz.: 45 [302242] ¢ KerakKanata—Abel:
417, who erroneously places Kanawat west of Suweida. Unexcavated. 112, Tell el-Qudeirat (Davies: 74-75). Excavated site. 8, 14, 42, 46, 60, 84, 112, 134, 153, 154
Kades II[=J: Cedes I. Kedesh (in Issachar), 136, 138 Kidshon or Kishion, Tell Abu Qedeis—Abel:
Kanatha, see Kanath. 112
415 [169220]. Unexcavated. The context here, Kane, see Kana I. 114
Kapharnoum= J: Cafarnaum. Kapharnaoum, Kefar Nahum, Capernaum, Tell Hum—Gaz.: in the list associated with Taanach, Megiddo, and Jokneam in Carmel, seems to demand this site, rather than Kedesh Naphtali or Kedesh in 46 [204254] ¢ TIR: 97 [204254] ¢ Abel: 292-293.
Galilee. 114, 116
information concerning the location of the site.
Excavated site. 120, 174
Kapseel, see Kabseel. 114
Karchedon= J: Carchedon, Carthage. Carthage.
A Phoenician colony in Tunisia, North Africa.
The references in 1 Kings 10:22 and Isa. 23:1
Karnaia I[=J:
Carnaea.
Carnaea, Karnaia, Khirbet and Tell Qureine—Gaz.: 48 [179138] ¢ Beth Qarnayim?—T/7R: 101 [179138]. Unexcaare to Tarshish (see Tharseis), identified by vated. 112
- Karnaeim, see Asteroth Karnaein. 112
Eusebius and Jerome as Carthage. 100, 102, Karra, see Charran. 170
Kartha, see Acheseloth. 116
Kartham=Rekkath, J: Cartham, Reccath.
Karthan, Rakkath, Rgd (Egyptian), Khirbet Kariath=J: Cariath. Kiriath, Gibeath—Kiriathjearim, Abu Ghosh?—MBA:
178 ¢ Deir elAzhar—TIR: 100 [159135]. Josh. 18:28 refers to Gibeath and Kiriath, which, according to Aharoni (Land: 350-351, 356), should read Gibeath—Kiriath-jearim. See Baal I]. 114 el-Quneitireh, Tel Raqqat—Land: 441 [199245] e Abel: 432-433. Unexcavated. 116, 144 Kata ta Chrusea = J: Catatachrysea. Unidentified range of mountains. 114
Katta=Ketron, J: Catta, Cetron. Kattath, KitKaraiatha, see Kariathaeim. 112
Kariathaeim = Kariatha, Kariathen, Karioth, J: ron, Qetonith, Khirbet Koteineh, Khirbet Qoteina?—Abel: 415 [152224]. Aharoni would locate it on the northwestern edge of the Plain of Jezreel (Land: 235). Unexcavated. 116
Kedar = Cedar, Desert of the Saracens. A kingdom in northern Arabia. 58, 80, 118
Kedem=J: Cedem. Qedem, "the east" (Hebrew).
Cariathaim, Coraiatha, Carioth. Kiriathaim (in Reuben), Qaryathen, Kariathen, Karaiatha, Cariatha, Coaiatha, Qaryat el-Mekhaiyet?—
Land: 438 [220128] ¢ Khirbet el-Qureiyat, elQureyat—Gaz.:
47 [215105] ¢ Abel:
[215105]. Unexcavated. Note that Eusebius places the site to the east of Madeba, whereas
Jerome places it west of Madeba, which
Kedron= Torrent of Kedron (Cheimarrous Kedappears right. 112, 120 ron), J: Chimarrus, Cedron.
Nahal Kidron, Kidron Valley, Brook Kedron, Wadi en-Nar —MBA: 180 © Wadi Siti Maryam—OBA: 133
Kariatharbo, see Arbo. 112
Kariathbaal, see Baal II. 114
Kariathiareim, see Baal II. 48, 114, 128 [174-1324 to 1728-130] ¢ Nahal Qidron, Cedron
Torrens—T7R: 102. This valley runs down the Karioth, see Kariathaeim. 120
Karka = J: Carcar. Karkor, Qarqar—Land: 264
OBA: 61 [397086]. 116
eastern side of the Temple Mount/Haram eshSherif and the Ophel, site of Old Testament
Karkaria = J: Carcaria. Unidentified Roman fort.
Jerusalem. 118, 174
Kedron, Torrent of, see Kedron. 174
Karmelos I, see Chermel. 92, 108, 118 Kedson, see Kademoth. 114
Keeila=Kela, J: Ceila, Cela.
Keilah, Kaiilti, Karmelos II= J: Carmel-on-Sea, Carmel. Mount Carmel, "'Antelope's Nose'? (Old Kingdom
Keilte, Kela, 'Enkela, Cela, Khirbet Qila, Egyptian), Bal'li-ra'si, User?, Jebel Mar Elyas,
Khirbet Qeila—Land: 438 [150113] ¢ Gaz.: 73
Jebel Kurmul—Land: 462 ¢ Smith: 508 [147247 [150113] ¢ T7R: 102 [150113] ¢ Abel: 416-417.
Unexcavated. 114 to 157233] « Carmel Mons—77R: 100-101. A long mountain ridge running northwest to Kela, see Keeila. 114
Kenaz = J: Cene. A tribe inhabiting the southern Shephelah southeast of Lachish and southwest southeast on the southern edge of the Plain of Jezreel. 106, 108, 130 Karnaia I, see Asteroth Karnaein.
Eusebius' of Hebron. 112 description of this city as "lying by the Jordan"
Keni= J: Ceni. Negeb of the Kenites. The area of does not appear to agree with the rest of our the northeastern Negeb inhabited by the
Kenites, located between Arad on the south and Eshtemoa on the north. 118
Keparadagon, see Bethdagon I. 50
Koa, see Cilicia. 118
Koilas=J:
Coelas Titanorum, Valley of the Titans. Koilos, "hollow," "valley" (Greek). 116
Koilas Josaphat=Coelas, Valley of Josaphat.
Ketron, see Katta. 116
Kina=J: Cina. Kinah, Khirbet Taiyib, Horvat Koilos Josaphat, Valley of Jehoshaphat. Eusebius identifies this with the Kidron Valley
(Kedron, q.v.) in this entry, but with the Hinnom Valley (Pharanx Ennom, q.v.) elseTob—Land: 438 [163081]
¢ Khirbet Samra, Horvat Samar and Khirbet Gazzi—Abel: 417— 418 [163071 and 165069, respectively]. All three where in his work. 118
Kophenos= J: River of Cofene. An unidentified _ unexcavated. 114
Kison I= J: Cision. Kishion, Khirbet Qasyun, Tel river in India. 82, 150, 176 Kudissos = J: Cydissus. Kedesh (in Galilee), CaQishon—Land: 438 [187229] ¢ Abel: 423. Unexcavated. 114
Kison II=J: Cison. Nahr el-Mugqatta', Nahal dasa, Tell Qades, Tel Qedesh—Land:
[199279] © Gaz.: 44 [200279] ¢ TR: 93 [200Qishon—MBA: 180 ¢ Pacida rivus—T/7R: 198
279] ¢ Abel: 416 (Qedes [2]). Unexcavated. 116
Kurine = J: Cyrene. Kir. "A country in Mesopo- [153247]. River flowing through the Plain of Jezreel into the Bay of Akko. 116
Klauthmon=Land of Weeping, J: Clauthmon, Place of Weeping. Klauthmos, '"'weeping"' tamia"' (Isa. 22: 6), from which Syrians came
(Amos 9:7) and to which they were later exiled (2 Kgs. 16:9; cf. Amos 1:5), OBA: 133. Jerome mistakenly equates this name with Cyrene in (Greek). The place of weeping is called Bochim in Hebrew, and is unidentified, although it would appear to be near Bethel. 118
Libya. 118
L el-Mansurah?—Land: 471 ¢ Abel: 368 « SMM:
Labanath=Sior III. Shihor-libnath, Libnath, Calamon, Tell Aba: Hawam?—Land:
§15: 2, No. 544 [202233]. Unexcavated. 122
Lamas. Lahmas, Khirbet el-Lahm, Horvat Le- [152245] ¢ Gaz.: 45 [152246] ¢ Calamon Mutatio
—TIR: 96 [152246]. Excavated site. 122, 158 hem—Abel: 368 [140109]. Unexcavated. 122
Lasan= J: Lasa. Lesha', Lasha'. Abel: 368 notes Jerome's identification of this name with Laboemath, see Emath II. 122
Laboth, see Bethlabaoth. 122
Lacheis = J: Lachis. Lachish, Tell ed-Duweir, Tel Callirhoe (Kallirron, Qalirohi, "Uyin ez Zarah
—Gaz.: 45 [203112]; unexcavated), but he also Lachish—Land: 439 [135108] (Bronze and Iron
Age Lachish) * Qubeibe—Gaz.: 74 [136108] (Roman and Byzantine Lachish) ¢ TIR: 169 notes Wellhausen's suggestion that this may be a mistake for Leshem, Dan. In view of the location of the other sites mentioned in the [136108]; at some stage the name moved to Umm Lakis [110110] / Khirbet Umm Laqis— verse (Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah and Zeboim), and Eusebius' transliteration "Lasan,"
TIR: 254 [120109], which Petrie demonstrated another possibility might be al-Lisan. 120 to be a purely late Roman site. Tell ed-Duweir
Laseron=J: Lasaron.
Sharon. Aharoni (Land: is an excavated site; neither Qubeibe nor Umm Lakis has been excavated. 120
165) suggests that this name may refer to one of the towns of the coastal plain, such as Aphek or Ladabar, see Dabeir II. 122
Joppa. 122
Lebna = Lobana, J: Lobna. Libnah, Rbwn (EgypLaisa, see Dan. 122
Lakoum=J: Lacum. Lakkum, Luqim, Khirbet
single occupation, an extensive and wellplanned settlement of the Middle Bronze I (EB-MB, EB IV) culture was revealed. Ahatian), Tell Bornat, Tel Burna—Land:
[138115] e Lebona, Khirbet el-Birndta—Gaz.:
74 [137116] ¢ Lobana, Khirbet el-Birnata, Tel Bornat—TIR: 170-171 [137116] ¢ Abel: 369roni's identification is, therefore, extremely unlikely. Tell er-Rame is unexcavated. 12, 16,
44, 48, 168 370. Unexcavated. 120
Lebona.
Libnah, Umm Leben—Davies:
88.
Lithos Boen= Boon, J: Lapis Boen. The Stone of Unexcavated. 120
Lebous.
Libba?, Khirbet Libb—Gaz.:
Bohan, Hajar el-Asbah—WHAB: 122 ¢ Abel:
48 [193129]. 52, 122 [222113], but to judge from Jerome's version Lobana, see Lebna. 120 this may be an error for Dibon. Unexcavated.
Lobon. Laban, Tell Abu Seleimeh?—Land: 438
[065071] ¢ Khirbet Libben, el-Lubban—Abel:
Lechei. Lehi. Unidentified (see Abel: 369 for a 367 [241137] ¢ Libona—Gaz.:
75 [241137]. discussion of early suggestions). 122
Legio (Gk. Legeon). Kefar 'Otnay, MaximianouUnexcavated. 120
Lodabar, see Dabeir II. 122
Lotan. Aharoni (Land: 66-67, 471) is attracted by polis, Capercotnei, Lejjun—Gaz.: 74 [167220] e
Legio, Capercotani, Kefar 'Othnai, Maximianopolis—T/R: 170 [167220]. "Village on borthe suggestion of Gardiner to equate this term with the Egyptian term Retenu, and apply it ders of Galilee, selected by Hadrian as site of camp of Legio VI Ferrata" (Gaz.: 74). Unprimarily to southern Transjordan. 120 excavated. 14, 28, 58, 70, 98, 100, 108, 110, 116,
Loueith, see Aloth. 122
Loueitha, see Aloth. 122
Lemattara=J: Lamattara. Lemattarah, "mark, Louith, see Aloth. 38
Louza I. Luz, see Baithel. 40, 120, 140 target," (Hebrew). Not a place-name. 122
Louza II=J: Luza If. Luza, Lonza, Khirbet Lauze—Gaz.: 76 [174178] ¢ Horvat Luza—TIR:
Lesem, see Dan. 122
Libanos=J:
Libanus.
Mt.
Lebanon, Jebel Libnan. 10, 14, 17, 18, 20, 62, 122, 48, 60, 123 Libias = Betharran, Bethramphtha, Libiad, J: Li172 [175178] ¢ Abel: 371 [Louza]. Unexcavated.
Louza III = J: Luza II. Luz. A unidentified town vias. Beth-haran, Beth-haram, Betharamphtha, in Hittite territory. Abel:
371 (Louza [2]) Bethramth, Beth ha-Ramatha, Beth Ramatha, suggests Luweize [184323] to the south of Livias, Julias, Libias, 'Ioulias, Tell I[ktanti—
Jezzine [192330], Medieval Loaize.
C. R.
Conder suggested Khirbet Luweizie to the west Land: 432 [214136] ¢ Tell er-Rame—Gaz.: 75
[212137] ¢ SMM: §15: 2 [211137] ¢ Abel: 273
Tell Iktani is an excavated site at which a of Baniyas [208297]. 122
M Macha= J: Machaas. Machmad, "beloved" (HeMaacha. Maacah, Bashan, The Golan Heights— brew). Not a place-name. 134
Machameim = J: Machamim. Unidentified—T7/R:
Land: 145 (Map 8). An alternative possibility is that this is a variation of Maagga in Batanaea,
172-173. Eusebius has confused this village see Machathi. 132 with Abel Beth Maacah. 56
Maanith, see Menneth. 132
Mabsar = J: Mabsara. Mibzar. Abel: 386 identiMaschana, see lessa. 126
Machanarath, see Ainda. 126 fies this name with Bosra in Edom, see Bostra II. 124
Machathi. Maacathites. The inhabitants of Maa-
chah, Maagga, Mahagga (Syriac), Mahaijje (elMughayir?)—Abel:
[253208?] ¢ district around Abel-beth-maacah (Abil el-Qamh, Tel Avel Bet Maakha—Land:
429 [204296])— WHAB: 125, see Bethmacha. 128
Machmas.
Michmash, Michmas, Mukhmas— identification of Merrus with Madon/Marom is erroneous ¢ Qarn Hattin—Abel: 372-373 e OBA:
134 is identical with Khirbet Madin.
Abel: 385 erroneously identifies Merom with Meiron. Both unexcavated. 126, 128, 130 Magdala.
Migdal-gad, Khirbet el-Mejdeleh?, Horvat Migdal Gad—Land: 439 [140105] e Land: 439 [176142] ¢ Gaz.: 77 [176142] © TIR:
173 [176142] ¢ Abel: 386. Unexcavated. 50, 132 Machthoth.
Michmethath, Macher, Khirbet Makhneh el-Féqa—Land: 439 [175176] ¢ Gaz.:
Abel: 387. 130
Magdalsenna= J: Tower of Senna. Migdalsenna, Magdalsenna, Khirbet Beiyudbt—Gaz.:
76 [176175]. Eusebius has Machthoth in Benja- [194152] ¢ Khirbet el-"Auja et Tahta—TTR: min, while Jerome has it in Manasseh, which would appear to be more accurate. Unexca71, 174 [194150] or Archelais, Khirbet Beiyudat
—TIR: 77 [194152]. Unexcavated. 154
Magdiel I. Migdalel, Mujeidil, Majadel—Abel: vated. 130
Madbaris= J: Madbares, Madbarim.
Midbar, 386-387 [184292] (suggested by Guerin and Conder)—is mentioned along with Khirbet elMejdel [199285], and dismissed. Abel himself
"'wilderness" (Hebrew). The wilderness on the tableland of Bashan. 126
Maddei= J: Maddi. Middin, Khirbet Abu Tabaq?—Land:
439 [188127] ¢ Khirbet Qumran?—Abel:
386 [193127] ¢ Khirbet Mazin/ Qasr el-Yahud—Zvi Greenhut, BAR 19/4 prefers Mejdel Islam [194292]. All unexcavated.
Abel: 387 suggests that Eusebius has been misled into identifying Magdiel I with Magdiel
II, q.v., by the similarity of the names. 130
Magdiel II. Migdal Malha (Talmud), Khirbet (1993): 42. 130
Madiam I. Midian. Unidentified area in north Mitla?—Gaz.: 77 [147238] ¢ Khirbet Mitilya,
Arabia inhabited by the nomadic Midianite Horvat Mitla or Khirbet Maliha, Horvat Migdal Malha—7/R:
174—147238 and tribesmen. 79, 124, 144, 164, 172 Madiam II =J: Madian. Midian. Eusebius' iden144231 respectively ¢ Khirbet Maliha—Abel:
387. 130
Magdolos= J: Magdolus. Migdol, Tell el-Heir— tification of a ruined site between Areopolis/ErRabba and the Arnon/Wadi Mujib suggests
Land: 472 [907046]. Unexcavated. 124, 126 Magdon= Magron. Migron, Tell Miriam—Abel: either Khirbet el-Medeiyineh (Khirbet el-Mudaiyina) south [234073], or Khirbet el-Medeiyi387-388 [177142]. Unexcavated. 132
Magedan. Magdala, Migdal Nonnayah, Migdal neh (Khirbet el-Mudaiyina) north [232081], probably the former. Surveys have revealed remains of the Iron I and II cultures at Khirbet el-Medeiyineh (south), while a sounding at Tsab'aiyah, Taricheae, Mejdel—Gaz.:
[198247] ¢ Migdal Nunia, Migdal Sebaya— TIR: 173 [198247] ¢ Abel: 373 points out the Khirbet el-Medeiyineh (north) revealed remains of the Iron I culture. The site was occupied from the late thirteenth century B.C. to textual error which substitutes Magadan for Magdala. Unexcavated. 134
Magedane. Dalmanutha, Migdal?, Magdalena?— the first half of the eleventh century B.c., when
Abel: 373. Unidentified. Both Eusebius and Jerome clearly connect the passage with a it was violently destroyed. 124, 144 Madon=Marom, Marous, Marrus, Merran, J: district in the neighbourhood of Jerash, while
Merrom. Madon, Merom?, Khirbet Madin?— the verses to which Eusebius refers would Land:
117-118 [193245], or, if Madon is suggest a return to the region of Magdala west identical with Merom, as Aharoni proposes, of the Sea of Galilee (see Magedan). 134
Mageddo, see Maggeddo. 129
Magediel.
Magdiel.
Unidentified.
The name Tell el-Khirbeh—Land: 439 [190275]—this is supported by Eusebius' identification (Onom.
128) of Marom with Madon, although his
Unexcavated. 8
Manaeim = J: Manaim. Mahanaim, Tell ed-Dhasuggests a Migdal-el, resulting, perhaps, in a Mejdel or Majdal, such as the one [196962] just south of Petra. 124
Maggeddo = Masa, Maidan, J: Mageddo, Magao, hab el-Gharbi—Land:
439 [214177] ¢ Abel:
373-374 (Mahanaim [1]). Unexcavated. 130
Manasse = J: Messe. Mesha. Unidentified region.
Maedam.
Megiddo, Tell el-Mutesellim, Tel Megiddo—Land: 439 [167221] ¢ Abel: 382-
~Maon I. Ma'on, Khirbet Ma'in—Land:
384. Excavated site. 128, 132, 134 Magron, see Magdon. 132
Maidan, see Maggeddo. 134
Makeda= J: Maceda. Makkedah, Beit Makdum —Abel: 378 [147105] ¢ Maceda, Khirbet Beit Maqdum—T77R:
172 [147104]. Unexcavated.
[162090] © Gaz.: 78 (Maon I) [162090] ° TIR:
178 (Maon I) [162090] ¢ Abel: 377. Unexcavated. 130
Maon II, see Baian. 134
Maon III (south of Gaza), see Menoeis.
Mapsar of Tyre. Mabtsar-Tsur, ""The Fortress of
Makeloth= J: Maceloth. Makheloth, al-Malqata —Davies: 88-89. Unexcavated. 126
Makes=J: Maces. Makaz, Khirbet el-MukheiTyre" (Hebrew), the island of Tyre—Abel: 386
(Mibsar Sor), see Tyre. 132
Marala=The Steps of Zabulon. Maraalah, Tell Thorah?, Tel Shor—Land: 439 [166228] ¢ Tell
Galta?—Abel: 379. Both unexcavated. 130 zin?—OBA: 134 [144136] ¢ Abel: 377. Unexcavated. 132
Malaatha = Malatha, J: Malathis. Malatha, Tell Maresa. Mareshah, Marisa, Tell Sandahannah,
Tel Maresha—Land: 439 [140111] ¢ Gaz.: 78
[140111] © Tell Sandahanna—T7I/R:
179-180 [140111]. Excavated site. 130 el-Milh, Tel Malhata—Land: 430 [152069] « Gaz.: 78 [152069] ¢ TR: 176 [152069]. Two seasons of excavations were conducted on this site by M. Kochavi (1967, 1971). The site
Mariboth, see Kades I. 134
Marom, see Madon. 128
Maroth.
Maarath, Beit Ummar?—Abel:
revealed Chalcolithic, Early Bronze, and Middle Bronze II occupations, the latter ending c.
[159114] (suggested by Conder); alternatively, Abel suggests a site related to the caves of Wady Khareitun [174116]. The nearest site is
Khirbet Hurab el-Beid [173116]. Both are unexcavated. 130
Marous, see Madon. 128
Masa, see Maggeddo. 132
Masan. Mishal, Mishe'al, Masil (Syriac), Tell 1550 B.c., and also later, Iron Age, and Roman to early Islamic occupations. In the Roman period the fort here was garrisoned by Cohors I Flavia, which took over the formerly Idumaean fortress. The accompanying civil settlement (Malathis oppidum) was located at Khirbet el-Quseife/Kseife (on Musil's map). Small Tel
Malhata [1523.0697] was excavated by R.
Amiran in 1979 (NEAEHL 3: 937-939). 14, Keisan?, Tel Kison—Land: 439 [164253] ¢ Abel:
388 offers no identification. Excavated site. 130
Masbak = J: Masbac. Betah, Tibhath, Tubihi (elAmarna), Tebah, possibly '"Taiyibe'*?—Abel: 7
88, 108 Malatha, see Malaatha. 108
Maledomnei, see Adommin. 24
Mambre=Oak of Mambre. Mamre, Mambre, or Berothai, Berothah, Bereitan—Land:
[257372]. Unexcavated. 132
Masereth. Possibly metsdd, "stronghold" (HeTerebinth, Terebinthos, Ramat el-Khalil— Gaz.: 99 [160107] « SMM: §15: 2, No. 572 brew). Not a place-name. 132
Masogam= J: Masagam. Misgab, "high fort" or "tower" (Hebrew). Not a place-name. 134
Masourouth = J: Masuruth. Moseroth. Unidenti- [160107] * Beth Ilanim, Botana, Ramet elKhalil—TIR: 83, 177-178 [160107]. A village north of Hebron. Unexcavated. 7, 124 Mampsis. Kurnub—Gaz.: 78 [156048] ¢ Mamshit fied site in northern Sinai or the southern
—TIR: 177 [156048] ¢ Abel: 376-377. A walled town on the road between Hebron and Elath.
Negeb. 126
Maspha I=J: Masfa I. Ramath-mizpeh, Raany map available to this author (R.C.), and the identification depends on acceptance of a moth, Khirbet Jel'ad—Land: [223169] ¢ Gaz.: location of Mt. Sinai in Arabia with which few
90 [224170] ¢ Abel: 390 (Mispa [2]). Unexcavated. 130
Maspha II = Maspha IIIT?, J: Masfa I. Mizpah (in scholars would agree. 126
Maththanem, see Iessa. 126
Medaba= Meddaba, J: Medabus. Medeba, MaJudaea), Mizpeh, Khirbet es-Safiye?—Gaz.: 81
(Mizpeh II) [142114] ¢ Masepha—7/R:
deba—Lanad: 439 [225124] © Gaz.: 79 [225125] e Abel: 381-382. Although no formal excava- [142114] ¢ Abel: 390-391 (Mispeh [1]). Unexcavated.
Eusebius indicates that there is a Maspha (II) near a site named Masseba, within tions have been carried out at Madeba, at least ten Byzantine churches are known there, including the one which contained the famous
Madeba mosaic map (see cover). 104, 112, 126, the borders of Eleutheropolis, and another
Maspha (III) on the road between Eleuther-
Meddaba, see Medaba. 128
Medebena= J: Medemena. Madmannah, Medeopolis and Aelia/Jerusalem.
Jerome's text makes it clear that Maspha HI and HI are references to a single site on the EleutheropolisJerusalem road. Masseba may be another way bena (Greek), Medemena (Latin), Khirbet Tatrit—Land: 439 [143084] e Umm Deimne— of referring to Maspha II/III and Eusebius
Abel: 372 [145086]. Both unexcavated. Eusecould here have become confused. 130
Maspha III, see Maspha II. 130
Maspha IV, see Massepha. 130
Masreka = J: Masreca. Masrekah. Abel: 380-381 bius erroneously identifies this site with Maiumas (see Menoeis). 130
Meebra=J: Meeber. M'eber, "beyond," "opposite' (Hebrew). Not a place-name. 132
Meeleph = J: Meeleb. Heleph, Khirbet 'Irbadeh?, Horvat 'Arpad—Land: 436 [189236] ¢ Abel: 64.
Unexcavated. 130
Mela. Gai Melih, 'The Valley of Salt' (Hebrew), notes that the name is preserved by Jebel elMushrag [187916]. 124
Masseba, see Maspha II.
Massepha= Maspha IV, J: Massefa, Masfa IV.
Mizpeh (in Benjamin), Mizpah, Tell en-Nasbeh —Land: 439 [170143] ¢ Masepha—TIR: 180Wady Arabah? See Araba I. 132
Melo= J: Mello. Millo, "'filling'' (Hebrew). Not a place-name. This term almost certainly refers to 181 [170143] ¢ Abel: 388-390 ¢ en Nabi Samwil
—Gaz.: 81 (Mizpeh I) [167137]. Tell en-Nasbeh the terraces that enabled structures to be built is an excavated site; en-Nabi Samwil is unon the eastern slopes of Jerusalem, as first proposed by Kenyon, and since reaffirmed by excavated. 128, 130 Massepha of Moab=J: Massefa in Moab. MizShiloh. 134
Memphis= J: Memfis. Memphis, Noph (Egyppeh (or Mizpah) in Moab, Rujm el-Mishrefe?—
Abel: 391 (suggested by Musil). Unexcavated. tian), Mit Rahneh—OBA: 135 [810928]. 134
Menneth = Maanith, J: Mannith, Mennith. Min-
Mastraiphoth maim=J: Masrefoth maim. Misnith, Maanith, Umm el-Hanafish and Khirbet
Hamze—Gaz.: 76 [233137] ¢ Abel: 388. Unrephoth-maim, River Leontes, Nahr el-Kasimiyeh, Nahr Litany, River Litani?—Land: 238.
The traditional identification (Abel: 388) with Khirbet el-Musheirefeh [165276] has been excavated. 132
Menoeis=J:
Menois.
Menois, Maon, Khirbet Ma'in—Gaz.: 78 (Maon II) [093082] ¢ Nimrim—TT7R: 183 [093082]. Excavated. 130
Mephaath = Mophath, J: Mefaath, Mofath. Mephaath, Mefa, Kastron Mefaa, Umm er-Rasas/ disproved by excavations which revealed no remains of the Late Bronze or Early Iron cultures at this site. 128
Mathekka=J:
Matheca.
Mithkah, al-Hadab massif(?)—Koenig 1964:
134, note 1. It has Umm er-Risas [238101]; incorrectly identified as Tell Jawah? (Late Bronze and Iron I)—Land: not been possible to identify this mountain on
of Bashan (126). Also the plain of Moab. 126, 439 [239140] « Na'afa (Roman and Byzan128, 134 Mnemata epithumias = Tombs of Lust, J: Memortine)—Gaz.: 80 [240142] ¢ Abel: 385. Excavated site. Some Iron Age sherds have been found
(comm. Father Michele Piccirillo, 31 January, ia. Kibroth-hattaavah, Rigm al-Fashed—Davies: 88. Unexcavated. 126
Moab I. Region in Transjordan bordered on the 1991) beneath the Nabataean, Roman, Byzantine, and early Arabic periods.
Eusebius' east by the Arabian Desert, on the west by Wady Arabah and the Dead Sea, on the north by Wady Mujib (River Arnon), and on the south by Wady Hesa (Brook Zered). 10, 12, 16,
37, 44, 64, 76, 78, 80, 84, 94, 104, 120, 125, 134, 136, 139, 147, 152, 154, 168, 174, 176 Moab II, see Areopolis. 124
Moab, Valley of, see Gai III. 64
Modeeim=J:
Modeim.
Modin, Modi'in, elMidye—Gaz.: 81 [150149] ¢ T7R: 188 [150149] reference to a Mephaath in Benjamin is unsupported by any known Biblical reference.
128, 134 Meroe, see Saba I. 160, 161 Merra.
Marah, Wells of Marbouk, Bir elMurr?—Davies: 68 [939935] ¢ Well of Hawara, 'Ain Hawara?—Davies:
84 [944883].
Both unexcavated. 126
Merran, see Madon. 128
Merrous=J: Merrus.
Merrous, Merrus, Qasr Mahriine—Gaz.:
80 [174202] ¢ Khirbet elMahrune—7/R:
175, Qasr Mahrune—TYR: e Abel: 391. Excavated site. 132
Molada=J: Moladab. Moladah, Khereibet elWaten?, Horvat Yittan—Land: 439 [142074] e
184 [174202]. Unexcavated. Eusebius erroneAbel: 391-392 identifies Moladah with Maously identifies this with Merom, see Madon. laathos and Khirbet el-Watan with Hazar-
Mesopotamia. The Land Between the Rivers shual, q.v. 130
Molchom=J: Melchom. Milcom. Chief deity of Tigris and Euphrates, in modern Iraq. 5, 7, the Ammonites in the Iron Age. 134
Mophath, see Mephaath. 134
Morathei=J: Morasthi. Moresheth-gat, Tell ej60, 82, 152, 168, 170 Messab. Matstsdb, "garrison," "'military post"
(Hebrew). Not a place-name. 132
Judeideh?, Tel Goded—Land: 439 [141115] e Midian, see Madiam I and II.
Abel: 392 ¢ Khirbet Umm el-Batsal—Gaz.: 81
Miletos. Miletus (Classical Greek), Milawata or [140114] ¢ Morasthi, Birat Sati, Cariasati, elBassal—T/R: 189 [140114] ¢ Tell el-Judeiyida,
Millawanda (Hittite), Milatos or Milwatos (Mycenaean Greek)—27°23' E, 37°44' N. 134
Minuas = J: Minyas. Place in Armenia below Mt.
Tel Goded—TIR: 242 [141115]. Excavated site.
More. Hill of Moreh, Jebel ed-Dahi—M BA: 181
Baris. 4
Misadai= J: Misaida. Moserah. Abel (I: 387) [184225]. 130
Mosphetham=J:
Mosfathaim.
Mishpathim, places this in the neighbourhood of Birein, Be'erotayim, "Ezuz [099022]. 126
'"sheepfolds" (Hebrew). Not a place-name. 130
Misor. Miyshor, 'plain' (Hebrew). The tableland
N Naaliel.
Nahaliel, Wady Enkheileh?—Palmer: which is no longer identifiable. 138
525 ¢ Wady Zerqa/Main?—225119 via a very winding course to 203114, Davies:
92.
Unexcavated. 136
Naalol=J: Neela, Neeila. Nahalal/Nahalol/NaNaein, see Nain. 140
Nageb, see Anegb. 136
Naid=J: Salon. Nod. Unidentified land, generally thought to be somewhere in eastern Mesopotamia. 134
Nain = Naein. Nain, Naein Komee Nais (Greek), Na'im, Nein—Gaz.: 82 [183226] ¢ TIR: 192 halul, Mahalol, Ma'lul—Gaz.: 77 [172233]
Land: 126-127, 473 [172233] « Ma'alul—TIR:
174 [172233] ¢ Tell Nahl—Abel: 394 [156242].
Both unexcavated. 138
Naam. Naam, Maamah, Maaman, Khirbet Fered [183226] ¢ Abel: 394-395. Unexcavated. 94, 140
Namara, see Bethnamran. 138
Napheth=Nephath, J: Nafeth, Nefath.
"The —Abel: 393 [139130]. Unexcavated. 136
Naaratha = Noorath. Naarah, Naorath, Noorath, Neara, Na'aran, Tell el-Jisr—Land:
slopes" (Hebrew). Possibly identical with "the slopes of Dor''—see Naphethdor. The context would seem to suggest the southern slopes of Mount Carmel. 138
Naphethdor = Napheth?, J: Nefeddor. Napheth Dor, "The Slopes of Dor' (Hebrew). Uniden- [190144] ¢ Duyuk—Gaz.: 84 [191143] (Naorath on Map 7) ¢ Abel: 393-394 e 'Ein Duyuk—T7R:
197 [190144]. Excavated site. 136
Nabau I=Mount Nebau, Phasga, Phasgo, J:
Nebo, Fasga, Mount Fasga, Ridge of Fasga.
Mount Nebo, Mount Pisgah, Jebel Neba/Naba —Land: 473 [221130] ¢ Abel: 397-398. 16, 18, tified; however, see Napheth and Dor of Nafath. 136
Naphthali, Mount. Jebel Jermaq—OB4A: 48-49.
137, 168 Nabau II, see Naboth II. 136
Nabeoth. Nebaioth, Nabate—Abel: 295-296. An Upper Galilee, that is, the mountainous region to the north of Wadi esh-Shaghur/Nahal Beth
Kerem, east of the coastal plain, west of the Arabian tribe which Abel: 289, 291, and esp.
295-296 associates with the Nabataeans. The River Jordan, and south of the River Leontes/
Nahr Litani. 116
Naphtho = J: Naftho. Waters of Nephtoah, Lifta, Me-Neftoah, Well of Merneptah (Me[r]neptoah—Egyptian)—Land: 440 [168133] © Gaz.: earliest record of the Nabate is in Asurbanipal's record of his defeat of the Arab revolt of 640
B.C. 138
84 [168133] ¢ Nephtho, 'Ein Lifta—TIR: 196
Naboth I, see Kanath. 112, 137 [168133] ¢ Abel: 398. Unexcavated. 136
Naboth II=Nabau II, J: Nabo, Naba. Nebo, Nabau, Kefar Nebo, Khirbet 'Ayan Mtasa?—
Nasib, see Nesib. 136
Land: 440 [220131] ¢ Ras Siyagha, Khirbet elMukhayyet—Gaz.: 83 [219131] ¢ Abel: 397—
Nauioth. Nauyoth, "huts" (Hebrew). Not a placename. 138
Nazareth = Nazara. Nazareth, Natsrat—Gaz.: 82
398. Khirbet el-Mukhayyet is the site of the [178234] «© TIR:
194 [178234] ¢ Abel:
395. village of Nebo (Eusebius' Naboth or Nabau), while the Byzantine Memorial of Moses was
Excavated site. 138, 141 Nazeb= J: Nezab. Nibhaz. God of the Avvim. located at the end of the ridge (Eusebius'
Nabau I, Phasga, et al.). Excavated site. 136
Nachon. E/-Goren Nachon, "The Threshing-floor
Neapolis = Salem II, Sechem, Sikima, Suchem, J: of Nachon" (Hebrew). This name probably Sicima, Sicimon.
Shechem, Colonia Flavia Neapolis, Colonia Julia Neapolis, Colonia refers to a familiar local landmark on the road
Seria Neapolis, Tell Balatah/Nablus—Land: between Gibeath-kiriath-jearim and Jerusalem,
Assyrian deity, possibly a corruption of Ninurta or Nusku. 138
Nesib = Nasib, J: Nasibi, Neesib. Nezib, Khirbet 442 [176179] © Sichem—Gaz.: 96 [176179] Sychem—TIR: 238 [176179], Mabartha—T/R:
194-195 [174180] ¢ Abel: 458-460. Excavated Beit Netsib—Land:
440 [151110] ¢ Nasib, Khirbet Beit Nasib—T7/R: 193 [151110] ¢ Abel: site. 4, 6, 14, 26, 28, 34, 40, 43, 49, 54, 64, 67,
74, 86, 98, 100, 108, 120, 150, 152, 156, 158, 399. Unexcavated. 136
New Asor, see Asor II. 20
Nikopolis = Emmaous, J: Emmaus. Emmaus, Ni164, 168 Nebereim = Bennamareim, J: Nemerim, Bennamarim. Nimrim, the Waters of, Wadi enNumeirah—Land:
120, 473 [211051 to + copolis Antoninopolis, Hamta, 'Imwas—Gaz.:
55 [149138] © TIR: 119-120 [149138] ¢ Abel:
314-316. Excavated site. 19, 30, 46, 48, 54, 66, 200060]. It is important not to confuse the Waters of Nimrim with the Waters of Nimrin,
88, 90, 156 identified as Wadi Nimrin (210146 to 201142, Land: 34, 473). Nebereim is located possibly at Nile, River, see Gaion. 60
Nimrod, Kingdom of, see Assyria. 170
Nineveh I (Gk. Nineue). Nineveh, Tell Quyunjiq Tell Nimrin near North Shuna in Jordan. 138
Nebpsan= J: Nepsam. Nibshan, Khirbet el-Maqari?—Land: 440 [186123] ¢ Ein el-Ghuweir— and Tell Nabi Yunus at modern Mosul, Irag—
OBA: 136 (43°10' East, 36°18' North. ExcaZvi Greenhut, BAR 19/4 (1993): 42. Unexcavated site. 74, 136, 148
Nineveh Il (Gk. Nineue)=J: Neneuen. Naveh, vated. 136
Neeila=J: Neila. Neela, Khirbet en-Nile—Gaz.:
Neve, Naweh, Naw4—Gaz.: 82 [248255]. Unexcavated. 136
83 [246245]. Unexcavated. 138
Neela, see Naalol. 138
Nisibis. Nisibis, Nisibin, Nuseybin—OBA:
Nekeb, see Ademmei. 138
(41°12' East, 37° North). Assyrian city (Nisibina) in northeast Syria, on the modern border
Nemra, see Bethnamran. 138
Nephath, see Napheth, Naphethdor, and Dor of with Turkey; reached by Nabopolassar, in his conquest of Assyria, 612 B.c. "Roman frontier fortress" (OBA: 136). 5
Nafath. 138
Nerigel. Nergal. Sumerian god of war and pestilence, husband of Ereshkigal, the Sumerian equivilant of Persephone. 138
Nesarach= J: Nesarech. Nisroch. Said to be an Nobba, see Kanath. 138
Noorath, see Naaratha. 136
O Odollam, see Adolam. Eusebius' confusion of Oak, Valley of the, see Ela, Valley of. 96
Adullam, which is east of Eleutheropolis, as he Oak of Abraham, see Mambre. 6
Oak of Grief, see Balanos Penthous. 42
Oak of Lamentation, see Balanos Penthous. 43 states, with Eglon (see Eglom) is so dramatic as to lead one to suspect a textual corruption. The confusion is heightened by his reference (140)
Oak of Mambre, see Mambre. 77
Oath-Taking, Well of, see Bersabee. 169
Oboth.
Oboth, el-Weibe—Abel:
400-401 to a mention of "Odollam" in Isaiah. Since neither Eglon nor Adullam is referred to by Isaiah, this must refer to Eglaim (see Isaiah 15:
[168003]. Unexcavated.
Aharoni (Land:
and 204) sees it as a station on the King's Highway between Punon/Feinan and [jeAbarim. 176
8), tentatively identified with Mazra* (Land: 35
[201078]). 84, 140, 172 Olibama. Oholibamah. Wife of Esau, daughter of
Anah ben Zibeon. As the names of the Edomite genealogy frequently represent eponymous city of Petra," which would appear to fit Jebel
Harun [18875.96975] so identified in later ancestors of the inhabitants of a town or Islamic tradition. Unexcavated. 176, 177
Oram, Horem, Khirbet Qatamun—Abel:
district, it is possible that this name also did so, but, even if this were the case, the site is
[185275]. Unexcavated. 176 unidentified. 140
Orech. Erech, Uruk, Warka—45°38' East, 31°12'
Olives, Mount of. Mount of Corruption, Jebel etNorth. Excavated site. 140
Oronaeim = Oronaim. Horonaim, el-"Iraq—Land:
Tar—WHAB: 126 [17325.13175]. 58, 74, 118,
436 [211055] © Gaz.: 85 [211055] ¢ Abel: 350.
Olo=J: Ocho. Holon, Khirbet 'Alin—Abel: 349
Unexcavated. 36, 176 (Holon [1]) [151118]. Unexcavated. 176
Ommein= J: Ommim. The Ammonites. 12
On I, see Heliopoulis. 94, 176 On II, see Bethaun. 176
Oolei=J: Ooli. Hali, Khirbet Ras 'Alil—Land:
Oronaim, see Oronaeim. 36, 37, 177 Osa. Hosah, Usu?, Tell Rashidiyeh—Land: 443
[170293] ¢ Abel: 12. Unexcavated. 176
Ostracine. A city of ancient Egypt. Unidentified.
Othom, see Bouthan. 140
Oulammaous. Uwlam, "'but; howbeit; however"
435 [164241] ¢ Abel: 341. Unexcavated. 142
Opheir = J: Ofir. Ophir. Unidentified. A land from which Solomon's fleet, sailing from Elath, brought gold. It has been variously identified
(Hebrew). Not a place-name. 40, 140 Oullama = J: Ullama. Ullama, 'Ulam—Gaz.: 103
[197230] ¢ Ulama—7TYR: 253 [197230]. Unexcawith southern Arabia, Ethiopia, the Horn of vated. 140
Africa, and even the coast of Africa south of Our of the Chaldees= J: Ur of the Chaldees. Ur, the Horn. 176
Opher = J: Ofer. Hepher, Tell Ibshar, el-Ifshar?, Tell Mugayyar (46°5'3" East, 30°57'17" North).
Excavated site. 140
Ous= J: Us. Uz. Unidentified Edomite region.
Tel Hefer—Land: 436 [141197] ¢ Abel: 348.
Unexcavated. 140
Ophra, see Aphra. 142
Ozan=J: Ozam. This would appear to be a Or. Mount Hor (Negeb), 'Imaret el-Khureisheh?
—Land: 436 [107017] ¢ Abel: 386-389 © Jebel er textual error, as it is clear from the context that what is intended is Hiel the Bethelite (1 Kings
Risha?—Land:
201-202 [068011].
Eusebius 16:34). 104 refers to the location of Mount Hor "near the P Paradise. 164, 166 Palestine. Roman province. 6, 14, 20, 22, 36, 50,
Pella. Pehel [Amarna texts], Peheli [Akkadian], 54, 61, 62, 79, 90, 98, 104, 106, 110, 118, 154,
Pa-hira [Egyptian], Pililum [Egyptian], Berenice [Greek and Latin], Khirbet Fahil, Tabaqat
Fahl—Land: 440 [207206] © Gaz.: 86 [208206] 163, 166 Palmetis, see Thaiman-of-the-Palm-Trees. 98
Paneas = Caesarea (Philippi). Caesarea Philippi, e Abel: 405-406. Excavated site. 14, 22, 32, 80,
Caesaria-Paneas, Panias, Qisarién, Belinas, Banias—Gaz.:
44-45 [215295] ¢ Neronias, Paneas—TIR:
199 [215295] ¢ Abel: 297-298.
Peraea (Gk. Peraia). Perea—OBA: Map on pp.
86-87. A district east of the River Jordan Excavated site. 16, 20, 30, 32, 50, 52, 70, 77, which, in Jesus' time, was ruled by Herod 116, 122
Haske/Burj Heskah [158107], then, presumAntipas as Tetrarch. It centred on Wadi Zerka ably, the adjacent wady [159108 to 156109],
(River Jabbok), with its northern border at Wady Yabis (Brook Cherith), its southern which is unnamed even in the SWP, would be
Nahal Eshcol, Eusebius' Pharanx Botruos. 168 border at Wady Mujib (River Arnon), and its
Pharanx Ennom, see Gaiennoum. 170 eastern border running through the hill country
Pharanx Zare, see Zared. 168
Pharphar = J: Farfar. Parpar, Pharphar, Pharpar, to the west of the territories of Gerasa and Philadelphia. It was bordered on the southeast
Nahr el-'Awaj—MBA: 182 ¢ Abel: I: 487, note and south by the Nabataean kingdom. 12, 94,
1. The southerly of the two rivers flowing into 104, 80, 146 Petra=Arkem, Rekem I, Jecthael, Iechthoel, the oasis of Damascus. 170
Iekthoel, J: Arcem, Recem I, Iecthoel. Ha-sela, Phasga, see Nabau I. 168
"the rock" (Hebrew), Joktheel, Rekem?, Umm el-Bayyareh?—Land:
[192971] * Wady Musa—Gaz.: 86-87 [192971] ¢ Abel: 407-408.
Phasgo, see Nabau I. 16, 18 Phathori= J: Fathore. Pathros is the "land of the South," i.e. Upper Egypt—New Jerusalem Capital of the Nabataean kingdom. It may also have been at the site of Umm el-Biyara, the Bible 1443, note 29: h e MBA: Map 164. 170
Phathoura I=J: Fathura I. Pethor on the River, capital of the kingdom of Edom. Excavations
Pitru, Ana-Asshur-utir-asbat, "I settled it again for Asshur [Assyria]"—JDB: 3: 772. Although on Umm el-Biyara have shown occupation from the eighth to seventh centuries B.c. The Nabataean occupation does not begin before the precise location of this ancient city is unknown, Assyrian records place it on the west the third century B.c., and continues until the side of the River Euphrates, beside the River
Sajur in northern Syria. 168 beginning of the second century A.D., with some poor occupation perhaps in the second and Phathoura Il=J:
Fathura II.
Phathura, third centuries A.D. 8, 16, 36, 46, 60, 62, 94, 96, Phathoura, Khirbet Furt—Gaz.: 87 [132110]
Horvat Petora—T/R: 203 [132110] ¢ Abel: 409.
102, 110, 112, 116, 124, 142, 144, 153, 168, 176 Phainon = Phin, Phinon, J: Faenum, Fin, Fenon.
Unexcavated. 168
Pinon, Punon, Phainon, Feinan—Land:
Phelmoni Almoni= J: Felmone. Pe/oniy 'almoniy, [197004] © Gaz.: 89 [195004] ¢ Abel: 410-411.
"such and such" (Hebrew). Not a place-name.
Excavated site. 80, 114, 168 Almoni. 170
Phanouel = J: Fanuel. Peniel, Penuel, Tell edhDhahab esh-Shergiyeh—Land: 440 [215176] ¢
Philadelphia = J: Filadelfia, see Amman. 12, 16, 24, 32, 94, 102, 104, 126, 132, 144, 146
Abel: 406. Unexcavated. 168, 170 Phin, see Phainon. 168
Pharan=J: Faran. Paran, wady and oasis of Feiran—Land: 440 [018792] ¢ Tell el-Maharrad
—TIR: 202 (Pharan I) [016792]. A survey of the Phinon, see Phainon. 168
Phison=J:
Fison. One of the four rivers of site by Aharoni and B. Rothenberg has Paradise, identified with the Ganges by Eurevealed remains from the seventh century B.C. sebius. Ganges, Pheison. 80, 166 to the Islamic period with no noticeable gap.
Phithom = Heroonpolis, J: Fithom, Eroum.
142, 166 Pithom, Per-Atum [Egyptian], Tell el-Maskhuta—A bel: 410 (32°6'35" East, 30°33'16"" North).
Pharan, Desert of = J: Desert of Faran. The desert region in the centre of the Sinai Peninsula—see
Excavations at Tell el-Maskhuta in 1883 by E.
Land: Map 13. Eusebius, however, uses the Naville revealed inscriptions which in the view term to refer to the Wady Arabah. 14 of the majority of scholars identify this site as Pithom. Naville identified three strata, none of which is now dated earlier than the reign of Pharanx Botruos. Nahal Eshcol. If Gaz.: 56 is correct in identifying Eshcol with Burj el-
Rameses II. A. Gardiner preferred to identify Pithom with Tell er-Retaba (32°1'43"
East, west of Mount Nebo, precise location unknown. 12, 18, 44, 48, 64, 76, 154, 168
Phraathon=J:
Fraathon.
Pirathon, Far'ata— 30°30'44" North), although this is not generally accepted. Still other scholars have identified
Land: 440 [165177] ¢ Abel: 409. Unexcavated.
Tell el-Maskhuta with Succoth, the first stop of Later there was a station on the road nearby the Israelites after their escape from Pharaoh.
Excavations by Flinders Petrie at Tell erRetaba, which he erroneously identified as called Pardoketon, Pundagq, el-Funduq—Gaz.:
89 [163177]. Also unexcavated. 170
Phulisteiem = J: Fylistiim, see Ascalon. As Eusebius clearly shows, he was aware that the Per-Ramese, the Biblical Pi-Rameses, in 1905— term 'Palestine' was originally applied only to 1906 revealed another temple of Atum, also the southern coastal plain, the heartland of the dating to the reign of Rameses II. In the Philistine pentapolis. 166
Hellenistic period the city was renamed Heronopolis, "the city of the god Heron." 94, 168
Place of Fire, The, see Eiroth. 83
Plain of Esdraelon, see Mega Pedion.
Phoenicia. The coastal region of the Levant, Plain of Jezreel, see Mega Pedion. north of Mount Carmel, west of the AntiLebanon and Jebel Ansariyeh ranges, and Plain of Moab, see Araboth Moab. 12, 104
Poteein, see Botnia. 48
Probatiké = J: Probatica. Pool in Jerusalem, see south of Jebel Aqra. 58, 60, 118, 163 Phoenician Sea. The Mediterranean. 118
Phogo, see Bethphogor. 170
Phogor I, see Bethphogor. 168
Phogor If=J: Faora. Phaora, Faora, Khirbet Bethzatha. A Probatiké church was built over the pool in the reign of Constantine the Great.
Faghtr—Gaz.: 87 [163120] ¢ Fogor—TIR: 202
Psil, see Xil. 140
Ptolemais, see Akcho. 30, 52, 108, 116, 130, 137 [163120]. Unexcavated. 168
Phogor, Mount=J. Fogor. A peak north and R e Rama—TIR: 211 [172140] ¢ Abel: 427 (Rama
Rabba I, see Amman. 12
Rabba II, see Areopolis. 104
[1]). Unexcavated. 18, 27, 66, 132, 138, 144, 148 Rama II. Ramah (in Asher), Ramie?—Abel: 427—
Rabbath, see Amman. 146
Rabbath Moab, see Areopolis. 124
428 (Rama [3]) [1795.2795]. Unexcavated. 144
Rama III. Ramah (in Naphtali), Khirbet Zeitin Rabboth.
Ha-Rabbith, Dobrath (an ancient er-Rameh, Khirbet Jal—Land: 441 [187259] e scribal error—see Abel:
425), Raba—Abel:
Abel: 427 (Rama [2]). Unexcavated. 144
425 [186199]. Unexcavated. 144
Ramaa, see Rama I. 18
Ramade, see Eremmon. 146
Rachel, see Chermel. The reading "Rachel" or "Rachal" is a textual error. 146
Rachel, Tomb of. A funerary monument located Ramesse.
Avaris, Pi-Rameses, Tell ed-Daba— Bietak: 271-283 (31°50' East, 30°50' North). near Bethlehem—Gaz.: 31 [169125] ¢ Monumentum Rachel—T/R: 188-189 [170127]. See
Excavated site. 142
Ramoth=Remoth Galaad. Ramoth-gilead, Tell Archelaus, Tomb of. 82
Rama I (in Benjamin)=Ramaa, Remmaa, J:
Remmon I. Ramah, er-Ram—Land:
Ramuth—Land: 441 [244210] ¢ Husn 'Ajlun, Tell Husn—Abel: 430-431 [233210]. Unexcavated save for a single tomb. 144, 146
[172140] © Gaz.: 90 [172140] ¢ Wilkinson: 168
'ey!
Remmon III (in Benjamin). Rimmon, er-RamRaos=J: Roos. Rd'sh, "head" (literal), "top" mun—Gaz.: 91 [178148] (Rimmon II) e Abel:
437 (Rimmon [2]). Unexcavated. 144
Remmon IV. The entries in this section come (figurative) (Hebrew). Not a place-name. 146
Raphaein, Valley of, see Emekraphaeim. 146
Raphaka=J: Rafaca. Dophkah.
Unidentified. from Joshua, which contains two mentions of Rimmon in the boundary descriptions of Simeon (Josh. 19: 7), Zebulon (Josh. 19: 13),
Davies: 84 rejects the derivation from mafqat, "turquoise" (Egyptian). 142
Rapheth, see Raseph. 146
Raphia=J: Rafia. Raphia, Tell Rafah—Land: and one in the list of towns in the Negeb (Josh.
15:32). The Rock of Rimmon is a place in the 441 [077079] © Gaz.: 90 [077078] ¢ TIR: 212-213 desert in the east of Benjaminite territory, not [077078] « Abel: 431-432. Unexcavated. 50
Raphidim = Raphidin, J: Rafidim.
Rephidim, Wadi Refayid—Davies: 84—the mouth of the wady is located at 33°53'23" East, 28°37'25°
North ¢ Jebel Tanune—T7/R:
214 [015794]. mentioned in Joshua (see Judges 20:45 and 47, 21: 13). As this Remmon follows Rekem, it should logically be Remmon in Simeon (Remmon
II), not Remmon in Zebulon, and certainly not the Rock of Rimmon; see Remmon II. 144
Remmon V, see Remmon II. 144
Remmon VI, see Ammathar. 144
Remmon VII. Dimon, see Deimmon. 146
Remmon Phares=J: Remmonfares. RimmonUnexcavated. 142, 152 Raphidin, see Raphidim. 152
Raseph=Rapheth, J: Rafeth, Rasef.
Rezeph, Resafeh—MBA:
(38°47'28"
East, 35°36'46" North). Unexcavated. The name seems to be derived from that of Resheph,
Canaanite god of war and pestilence. 146
Rathem. Rethem or rothem (Hebrew), a type of Perez, Nagb el-Biyar?—Abel:
214 [121880].
Unexcavated. 144
Remmoth = J: Remmath. Ramoth-negeb, Khirbet Ghazzah, Horvat 'Uzza—Land: 441 [165068] ¢ shrub identified as Retama raetam, or white broom (Hepper 1987: 57 and Pl. 25). Not a Khirbet Ghazza, Horvat 'Uza—TIR:
place-name. 146
Rathma Rithma. Unidentified. 144, 145 [165068]. Unexcavated. 146
Remmoth Galaad, see Ramoth. AviYonah (Gaz.:
Rebla= Reblatha. Riblah in Hamath, Shabtuna?
90 and 51) records a Ramatha/Dathema in (Egyptian), Ribleh—Land: 441 [296427] ¢ Abel:
436-437. Unexcavated. Jerome (in his entry on Reblatha) erroneously identifies this with AntiGilead located at Tell Hamad [155248]. 146
Remphis, see Armathem Seipha. 144
Ressa. Rissa, Kuntilla—Abel: 214 [120934]. Unoch, presumably Antioch-on-the-Orontes. 146 excavated. Abel would see the route of the Exodus leading north along Wady Hirteh, Wady Agheidira towards Kuntilla. He identiReblatha, see Rebla. 146
Red Sea. 7, 35, 36, 44, 60, 63, 82, 124, 152, 164 Rekem I, see Petra. 142, 144 Rekem II=J: Recem II. Rekem, Kalendie, Calandria, Qalandiye—Abel: 434-436 (Reqem fies Wady Beida with Libna. The route is a portion of the Darb el-Gaza. 144
Reth. Chinneroth is the district west of the Sea of [1]) [170141]. Unexcavated. 144
Galilee named after its major Iron Age city.
Rekkath, see Kartham. 144
Remma, see Aermon. 146
Remmaa, see Rama I. 66
Remman=J:
House of Remmam.
Rimmon, Chennereth, Chinneroth, Gennesar, Gennesaret, Ginndsar, Gennezareth, Khirbet el-'Oreimeh, Tel Kenrot—Land: 433 [200252] © Gaz.:
60 [200252] ¢ Abel: 299. It was not King Asa of Judah who attacked the region, but King Ben- "thunderer" (Hebrew). A title of the stormgod Hadad, worshipped as Hadad-Rimmon in Damascus. 146
Remmon I (in Benjamin), see Rama I. 67
Remmon II (in Simeon), see Ain. 144
Hadad of Damascus. 146
Rethom, see Jermoth. 144
Rhinokoroura = J: Rhinocorura. Rhinocorura, elIBY
[197207] © Gaz.: 191 [197207] ¢ Rehov, Rooba, 'Arish—M BA: 182 (33°48' East, 31°8' North) « Sheikh er-Rihab—TIR: 216 [197207] ¢ Abel:
TIR: 214-215 [036060]. Unexcavated. 148
433-434. Unexcavated. 142
Roob III (in Asher). Rehob, Tell el-Bir elRobbo, see Arebba. 144
Rogel, Spring of. En-Rogel, Bir Ayyub—Land:
Gharbi?, Khirbet el-'Amri (Tell el-Gharby?) 255, 464 ¢ SMM: §15-2: No. 329 [172130]. A or el-Batstsa—Abel: 433 [162259 or 167259, spring. 94, 95, 144, 145 Rogellein= J: Rogellim.
Rogelim, Bersinya?— respectively]. Unexcavated. 144
Rooboth I. Rehoboth-Ir. A city in northern Mesopotamia. 142
Rooboth II. Rehoboth-ha-Nahar, Robotha, Khirbet er-Ruwat—Gaz.: 91 [211014] « SMM:
Land: 441 [223215] ¢ Abel: 437-438. Unexcavated. 146
Roob I=J: Rooba. Rehob (in Galilee), Beth Rehob, Tell el-Balat?—Land: 441 [177280] ¢
§15-2, No. 714 [205038] ¢ Khirbet Rihab [c.
Abel: 279 erroneously suggests Baniyas. Un209037], Khirbet Musrab [206038], Khirbet Bir
Melih [103038]—Abel:
434-435. The river concerned is Seil el-Qerahi. Unexcavated. 142 excavated. 142
Roob II. Rehob (near Beth Shan), Rhb (Egyptian), Roob, Rehap (Medieval), Tell es-Sarem,
Rouma, see Arima. 144
Sheikh er-Rehab, Tel Rehov—Land:
S 202 B.c.) (Hoyland: 69), or the Periplus (HoySaaleim I= J: Saalim I. Shaalim. A region in the land: 71), and has mistakenly identified Saba/
Sheba with the kingdom of Meroe in the borders of Benjamin and Ephraim, north of Rimmon. 160
Saaleim Il=J: Saalim II. Saalis, Saaleim, KhirSudan, of which he does know. Thus, Eusebius' entry refers to Meroe (which is not referred to bet Umm Kalkha, Khirbet Shalkha—Gaz.: 91 in the Hebrew Bible), but the position of Saba I [132113] ¢ Saalim, Horvat Shelah—T7YR: 218 in the sequence of entries, and the verse [132113]. Unexcavated. 160
Saba I. Sheba, Saba, Yemen (North and South)—Land: 296, 306. Between c. 700 B.C. and A.D. 270/280 the Kingdom of Saba in the southwestern corner of the Arabian peninsula, identified by Klostermann (which is clearly correct) indicates that Saba/Sheba in Yemen is meant by the Biblical verse. 160
Saba II. Meroe (33°15' East, 15°52' North). The capital of the kingdom of Meroe in the Sudan. with its capital at Marib (45°22' East, 15°28'
Sabama. Sabam, Sibma, Qurn el-Kibsh—Abel:
North), the home of the Sabaeans, was one of the most significant kingdoms in the south458 [222133]. Unexcavated. 154 western corner of the Arabian peninsula. From Sabareim, see Zephrona. 162 the late first century B.C. until some point in the second century A.D. Saba was in decline; it
Sabe I=J: Sabee I, see Bersabee. The Hebrew text of Joshua was corrupted at this point, so recovered something of its old significance, but that it reads '"Beersheba and Sheba" instead of was finally destroyed in A.D. 270/280 (Hoyland:
'"'Beersheba and Shema.'' Consequently Shema, 69-71; de Maigret: 227-246). Eusebius does not to which Eusebius may have been referring as appear to have had access to the works of the Sabe/Sheba, has been included as Sabe I, q.v.
Classical writers who dealt with southern
Sabe II=J: Sabee II. Shema.
Unidentified.
Arabia, such as Theophrastus of Eresus (372287 B.c.) and Eratosthenes of Cyrene (c. 284-
city on the western, Rosetta, branch of the Aharoni (Land: 244) notes this name for a River Nile, capital of the Twenty-Sixth (Saite)
Dynasty of Nubian kings (664-525 B.c.). 162
Calebite clan mentioned in an inscription of Ramesses II in connection with Mount Seir (see
Salaba.
Salaba, Khirbet Selhab—Gaz.:
Seeir). Josh. 15:26 lists Shema between Amam, [185195] ¢ Shelaf—TYR: 219 [185195]. Unexcathe name of which appears to be preserved in vated. 158
Bir el-Hamam [140068], and Moladah (Land:
Salabein (in Dan)=J: Salabim. Shaalbim, Shaa142074). Shema should be somewhere in the same area. Abel: 242 suggests that it was on Wady es-Sini (Wady Khashim Zanna/Nahal labbim, Sha-alabbin, Selebi, Selbit, Tel Sha'alevim—Land: 442 [148144] ¢ Gaz.: 95 [148141] e
TIR: 226 [148141]. Unexcavated. 158
Saleei = J: Selei. Shilhim, Saaleim, Caphar Shil- 'Anim), along which the only significant site is
Khirbet Saweh [148075], and is unexcavated. him, Khirbet Shalha, Khirbet Shalkhah—A bel:
Sabeim = J: Sabim. Valley of Zeboim. The route 462 [131113]. Unexcavated. 156
Saleim, see Abelmaelai. 40
Salem I, see Ailia. Abel: 441 (Salem [1]) outlines taken by the Philistine raiding party lay along an ancient road mapped by the SWP in the the history of the tradition linking the Salem/
1870s between Michmash/Mukmas and _JerShalem of Gen. 14:18 with Jerusalem. 106, 153 icho/Tell es-Sultan, which ran along the ridge of high ground north of Wady Kelt starting from Wady Shamtt, then running to Wady Ry'an, Wady el-Mefjer, and Wady Abu RetSalem II, see Neapolis. 150, 152
Salem III. Shalem. Unidentified. Wady Saleim flows from West to East north of Jerusalem, and Deir es Salib, which could result from a mem to beth shift (Land: 123), is located west of meh, which has its outfall at Deir el-Quruntul/
Jebel Kuruntul directly west of Jericho. Thus the Valley of the Zeboim, "'hyenas" (Hebrew),
Jerusalem (169131). 153
Salisa I. Shalishah. A region on the border between Ephraim and Benjamin (Land: 244 e
MBA: Map 86). 160 will have been one of the wadis paralleling the route, probably the Wady Kelt. The route itself is known as 'The Way to (or of) the Border" (1
Sam. 13:18), or "The Way of the Wilderness"
Salisa II. Eglath-Shelishiyah. Unidentified city somewhere in the region of modern Kerak in (Josh. 8:15; Judg. 20:42), see Land: 60. 160
Sachoran=J: Sacharona.
Shikkeron, Tell elFal—Land:
442 [132136] ¢ Zernukah, or Khirbet el-'Ajjuri—Abel:
460 [129144 and Jordan. Eth-Thaniyyeh [219064] could be a possibility. 162
Salt, The Sea of. Dead Sea, Lake Asphaltitis. 100
Salt, Valley of, see Araba I. 72, 132 Sama=J: Samen. Shema, Tell es-Sa'weh, Tel 127144, respectively]. Unexcavated. 156
Sachoth, see Therama. 156
Jeshu'a or Khirbet el-Far—Abel: 452 [149076 and 106074, respectively]. Birsama is identified
Sadada, see Asadada. 154
Sadala, see Asadada. 162
Sademoth. Shademoth, "cultivated fields" (Heas Khirbet el-Far [106074] by Avi-Yonah—
Gaz.: 43 ¢ Aharoni (Land: 437) identifies Tell es-Sa'weh with Jeshua. Both unexcavated. 156 brew). Not a place-name. Possibly the reference is to the southern end of the Kidron in Jerusalem, east of the present Pool of Siloam.
However, given the colossal build-up of debris Samareia, see Sebaste I. 58, 160, 162, 176
Sames I, see Bethsamus. 158
Sams I= J: Sames IH. En-Shemesh, 'Ain H6d— against the eastern face of the Haram eshSharif/Temple Platform since the destruction of Land: 434 [175131]. A spring. 158
Sams II. Shemesh, "the sun" (Hebrew). Not a the Second Temple in A.D. 70, it is possible that level, arable ground extended much further place-name. 158
Sanim. Salem, Salim—Gaz.: 92 [181179] e Salem north in antiquity. 160
Rabatha—TIR: 219 (Salem IT) [181179]. UnSais. Sais (30°58'14" East, 30°58'30" North). A
epta, Sarepha, Sariphtha, Drpt (Egyptian), excavated. 160
Sariptu (Assyrian), Careptha Makrakomhe, Sarafand—Land:
443 [176316] ¢ Abel: 449.
Sanior, see Aermon. 20, 84 Sanir, see Aermon. 20
Excavated site. 162
Sansana. Sansannah, Khirbet esh-Shamsanityat, Horvat Sansanna—Land: 441 [140083] ¢ Abel:
Sarith=J: Sarid. Sadud, Sarid, Tell Shadid— Land:
[172229] « Abel:
449-450.
447. Unexcavated. 156
Unexcavated. 158
Saron=Saronas II. Sharon, "even," i.e. level ground (Hebrew). Sarona (IJ), Sharon—TIR:
Saorth.
Zareth-Shahar, Callirhoe, Ez-Zarat?— Land: 443 [203111] ¢ 'Uytn ez Zarah—Gaz.: 45
[203112] ¢ Abel: 457-458. Excavated site. 156
Saphamoth=J:
Sofamoth.
Siphmoth, Saphet, Saphech. An unidentified town in the Negeb 223. Interestingly, Eusebius refers to two areas known as "Sharon" in his time. Only that on the Mediterranean coast south of Mount Carmel appears to have been known as such of Judah. Abel: 465 suggests that it should be identified with Shepham, home of one of in the Old Testament. 162
Saronas I. Sharon in the Plain of Jezreel. Sarona David's senior officials, Zabdi of Shepham (1
Chron. 27:27). This seems unlikely. WHAB (lst (1), Sarunah—T/R: 223. 162
Edition): 107 and WHAB (2nd Edition): 122 places it in the vicinity of Aroer in the Negeb of Saronas II, see Saron. 162
Sarthan. Zarethan, Tell Umm Hamad?—Land:
Judah, which Aharoni locates at Khirbet 'Ar'arah/Horvat 'Aroer—Land: 430 [148062] ¢
443 [205172] ¢ Qarn Sartabe—Abel: 450-451 [193167]. Excavations at Tell Umm Hamad esh
Shargiya revealed a long occupation beginning 'Aro'er, Bir 'Ara'ir—TT7R: 68 [147062]. 160
Saphar, Mount, see Gadgad. 154
Sapheir I= J: Safir I. Shamir, el-Bire—Abel: 446 with the Chalcolithic cultures, followed by Early Bronze I and II, Middle Bronze I (EB—
MB), and, beneath the present-day use of the [142094]. Unexcavated.
Sapheir is a textual error for Shamir in the Greek texts of the Bible. site (a Muslim cemetery) the remains of a small,
Sapheir II=J: Safir Il. Sapheir, Sawafir—Gaz.: possibly fortified, Iron II farmstead.
This would seem conclusive evidence against the 92 [121123] ¢ Saphir—TIR: 222 [122123] ¢ Abel: identification offered by Aharoni. No remains
447-448. Unexcavated. 156
Saphon=Sephina, J: Safon, Sefina. Zaphon, 'Asephen, Tsafon 'Ammato, Tell es-Sa'idiyeh
—Land: 443 [204186] ¢ Abel: 448 ¢ Khirbet dated earlier than the reign of Alexander
Jannaeus (103-76 B.C.) have been reported at Qarn Sartaba, where the most important remains are of Herod the Great's fortress, the Buweib or Khirbet Faqaris—Gaz.:
[207186]. Tell es-Sa'idiyeh is an excavated site; Alexandrion; additionally, the consensus view is that Zarethan was located east of the Jordan,
Khirbet Buweib and Khirbet Faqaris are both while Qarn Sartaba lies west of the river. In unexcavated. 156, 158 Saraa=Sorek, J: Saara, Sorec. Zorah, Sar'ah, light of these observations, Abel's identification of the site with Zarethan also need not be taken
Tel Zora—Land:
443 [148131] ¢ Gaz.:
seriously. Zarethan has been identified with [148159] (but this is a mistake)
¢ 77R: 263
Tell es-Sa'idiyeh [204186] by Glueck (1951:
[148131] ¢ Abel: 468-469. Unexcavated. 156, 292), an excavated site. However, J. B. Pritch158, 160 ard and J. N. Tubb, the excavators of the site,
Saracens, Desert of the, see Kedar. 60, 119, 124, prefer the identification of Tell es-Sa'idiyeh
166, 173 Saraein=J: Sarain. Shaaraim. An unidentified with Zarethan (pers. comm., see Sarthan).
Additionally, if, as H.
J. Franken would prefer, site in the neighbourhood of Tell es-Safi—A bel:
Tell Deir 'Alla is not identified with Succoth, 439. 156 the possibility must exist that it is either Sarepta. Zarephath, Zarphath, Zarphathah, Sar-
Judaea. 150, 152, 156 Zarethan or Zaphon. 160
Seeira I, see Seeir. 156
Sasima. Shahazima, Tell el-Mekurkhsh?—Abel:
Seeira II. This does not appear to be the same 439-440 [194229]. Tell el-Mekurkhsh is said by Abel to contain remains of the Middle and Late place as the region/mountain of Seir. Only one suggestion as to its location has been made, see
Bronze cultures, and of the Iron Age. It cannot Seirotha. 158 be the correct site, however, as it does not lie on Seeira III=J: Seira III. Sira, Siret el-Bella'— a probable line between Mount Tabor (186232:
| Abel: 465 [159109]. Unexcavated. 160
Segor, see Zoar and Adama I. 43, 95, 151, 152 see Thabor) and Beth-shemesh (in Issachar—
Khirbet Sheikh esh-Shamsawi, Khirbet SheSeiph, see Sopheim. 160 main, Horvat Shemesh, so tentatively Land:
Seirotha =Seeira II, J: Sirotha. Seira II. Seirah, 432 [199232]). A better suggestion would be
Khirbet es Seiyada (Sayyadatah—Gaz.:
Tor Umm Sira—Abel: 453 [187146]. Unexcavated. 158
[198237]), although this presents phonological Sela I, see Alph. 158 problems. It is worth noting that Hebrew sade
Sela II. Silla. Place-name resulting from a textual yields a "d" sound according to Egyptian transcription, and a "d" or "z" in Protoerror. 160
Selcha.
Salecah, Salchah, Tricomias, Salchad, Qasr el-Bahiz near Salkhad—Land:
Semitic (Land: 115). 158
Sattein, see Abelsittim. 154
Saue=J: Save. Zuzim? A people said to have [311212] © Gaz.:
102 [311212] ¢ Abel: 440.
Unexcavated. 154, 156 been defeated by Chedolaomer whose city was Ham ¢ Ham—Land: 435 [226213] ¢ Abel: 341.
Unexcavated. 150
Scythopolis (Gk. Skuthopolis) = Bethsan. BethSelmon. Mount Zalmon. From the context, one of the mountains near ancient Shechem, presumably either Mount Gerizim or Mount Ebal, see Garizein, Gaibal. 158 shan, Beth-shean, Nysa, Tell el-Husn—Land:
Selmona. Zalmonah, es-Salmaneh?—Land: 443
432 [197212] © Gaz.: 93-94 [197211] © Nyssa, Beisan—TIR: 223-225 [197211] ¢ Abel: 280—
[188021] ¢ Davies: 118, n. 51. Unexcavated. 154
Selo I=Selon.
Shiloh, Silo, Khirbet Seilain— 281. Excavated site. 16, 26, 34, 40, 54, 72, 74, Land: 442 [177162] ¢ Gaz.: 96 [177162] ¢ Silo—
94, 100, 108, 142 Sebaste = Samaria, Semeron. Samareia, Samareia TIR: 232 [177162] ¢ Abel: 462-463. Excavated site. The original Hebrew '""Tanaath-Shiloh"
(Greek), Shomron, Sebaste, Sebastiyeh—Land: has been entered here as Selo II. 156
441 [168187] © T7R: 220-221 [168187] ¢ Abel:
Selo II, see Thenath. 156
443-446. Excavated site. I, Someron II. 26, 58, 76, 128, 154, 158, 160, 162, 176 Seboeim. Zeboiim. Unidentified. See Adama I.
Selom, see Selo I. 156
Semeron I, see Sebaste. 154
Sedrach. Hadrach. Unidentified city in Syria. 162
Semeron II, see Someron I. 158
Semreim = J: Semri. Zemaraim, Ras et-Tahtneh?
Seeir=Seeira I, J: Seir. Mount Seir. Various —Land: 443 [170147] ¢ Abel: 454. Unexcavated. locations have been proposed for this moun-
tain, and it seems possible that the location changed with time. In the Exodus narratives it
Senna I. Zin. Probably originally a reference to Nahal Zin, Wady Fugqrah (Land: 202, 481)— appears to have been in the southern Negeb,
187050 to 147124 to 129028—which forms a south of Arad (Davies: 86). At other periods it appears to have been located in Edomite line from the southwest corner of the Dead Sea leading to Kadesh Barnea. Eusebius has conterritory east of the Wady Arabah. However, fused the Wilderness of Zin, part of the southern boundary of Judaea, with Magdalthis may be misleading, as Edomite territory may have extended into the Negeb south of
weilfeh—aA bel: 465 [136088] © Gaz.: 61 identifies senna, which is not mentioned in the Bible. 154
Tell esh-Shari'ah [119088] as Gerar, Saltus Geraiticus—see Gerara.
Tell esh-Shari'ah is Senna II. A prominent rocky outcrop on the south side of Wady Fuqrah/Nahal Zin called
Bozez (see Boses), which stood on one side of an excavated site; Tell el-Khuweilfeh is unexcavated. 156 the approach taken by Jonathan and his armour bearer in their surprise attack on the Sikima, see Neapolis. 150, 158 Sikimon, see Neapolis. 152
Sin = Desert of Sinai. The desert in the southern Philistine outpost at Michmash. Possibly the hill at 177140. 160
Sennaan = Sennaar II, J: Senam. Zaanan, Zenan, Sinai Peninsula below Elim (see Ailim)— Davies: 83. 152, 154 Senan, 'Arak el-Kharab—Abel: 455 [130112].
Sinai, Desert of, see Sin. 152, 154 156, 162 Sennaar I. Shinar, Sumer.
Southern Mesopotamia. 136, 142, 148, 150, 170 Sinai, Mount, see Choreb. 154, 166, 172 Sion. Mount Zion. The south-western hill of the Old City of Jerusalem, extending beyond the Sennaar II, see Sennaan. 162
Sennanein = J: Senamin. Oak of Zanannim, Hurpresent city walls. Excavations have shown that this area was occupied at least as early as the shat Ya'ala? (En Ya'ala), Shajarat el-Kalb eighth century B.C., as the city expanded beyond
('Ain el-Kalb)—MBA: 181 [230.2325] ¢ Khan et-Tujjdr—Abel: 64 [188.2365]. Unexcavated. the confines of Bronze Age Jerusalem on the hill known today, probably only half correctly,
Sephama=J: Sefama. Shepham, Tell Shaf?— as the Ophel. 38, 74, 162 Sior I, see Sour and Bouthan. 156
306221 might be a possibility ¢ Land: 73 refers Sior II. Zior, Sior, Si'ir, Sa'ir-—Gaz.: 97 [163110] ¢ to it as unidentified. Unexcavated. 154
Sephela = J: Safela, Sefela. Shephelah, "lowland"
TIR: 233 [163110] ¢ Abel: 454. However, T/R:
233 notes: "'The identification with Si'ir is not (Hebrew). Shephela, Pedias, Koilas—T7YR: 231. in accord with Eusebius' description, as it is
The foothills lying to the west of the southern located between Jerusalem and Hebron." Unexcavated. 156 part of the central mountain range, the Judaean hills, from about the latitude of Jerusalem to Sior III, see Labanath. 158
Skacha = J: Scacha. Secacah, Sekakha, Secacha, Khirbet es-Samrah?—Land: 441 [187125] ¢ just north of Beersheba, and east of the coastal plain. 162
Sepheth, see Arma. 158
Gaz.: 94 [187125] ¢ Kh. Qumran—John AlleSephina, see Saphon. 158
Sephpharouem=J: Saffauraim.
Sepharvaim. A gro, The Treasure of the Copper Scroll (1960):
68-74, 144-145. Excavated site. 156 town in Syria—Land: 80, note 39. 160
Skenai, see Therama. 152
Seria, see Ieria. 82
Serora = J: Sarara. Zeredah, Sereda, Deir GhasSkull, Place of the, see Golgotha. 74
Soal. Shual, a region in the border districts of saneh, Khallet Seride—Land: 443 [159161]
Benjamin and Ephraim—Land: 244. 142
Sodom =Sodoma. Sodom, Sodoma—T/R:
235.
Gaz.: 96 [159161] ¢ Abel: 457. The reference to Zeredah on the road to Edom may reflect the Unidentified. One of the five cities of the plain. scribal error which has replaced "Zarethan"
See Adama I. 60, 121, 150 with "'Zeredah' in 2 Chron. 4:17 (cf. 1 Kings 7:
Sodoma, see Sodom. 150
46). 160
Soene.
Syene, Es-Souan, Aswan—32°55'
East, Sidon. Sidon, Saida—Land: 442 [184329] ¢ Abel:
24°10' North. The southernmost border of 461. Unexcavated. 116, 122, 148, 162 ancient Egypt, hence, the meaning of Ezek.
Sigor, see Zoar. 42, 94, 150 Sikelag = J: Secelec. Ziklag, Tell esh-Shari'ah?, 29:10 is "from one end of Egypt to the other."
126, 162 Tel Sera'—Land: 443 [119088] ¢ Tell el-Khu-
Eusebius has confused this with Solomon's Ophir fleet, which sailed from Elath, supported by some sailors sent by Hiram of Tyre. 150, 160
Sokcho I (in the Shephelah of Judaea—double village)=J: Socchoth II, Soccho I. Khirbet 'Abbad, Horvat Sokho—Land: 442 [147121] e
Sor, see Tyre. 162
Gaz.: 97 (Socho I) [148120, taken from Map 6, Sorech I. Valley of Sorek, Wady es-Sarar, Nahal because the grid ref. is wrong] ¢ T/R:
Soreq?—MBA:
183 [122149 to 140134 to [150120] ¢ Khirbet Shuweika, Horvat Socho— 150129]. 160
TIR:
234 (Socho
JI) [147121
and 150120, respectively] « Abel:
[14675.1215].
~Sorech Il=J: Cafarsorech. Sorech, Khirbet esSdreik—Gaz.: 98 [145131] ¢ Caphar Sorech— Unexcavated. 156
Sokcho If[=Sokchoth II, J: Soccho II. Sochoh, TIR: 235 [145131] ¢ Abel: 469. Unexcavated.
Socoh, Khirbet Shuweikeh—Gaz.: 97 (Socho I) [148120] (wrong) ¢ Abel: 467 [147125] (right).
Unexcavated. 156
Sokcho III=J:
Soccho III.
Socoh, Khirbet Shuweikeh—Land: 442 (Mt. Judah) [150090] Sorek, see Saraa. 158
Soual, see Asarsoual. 156
Souba = J: Suba. Zobah, Zoba, Aram-Zobah. An Aramaean kingdom in the Lebanese Beqa'. 160
Abel: 467 [150091]. Unexcavated. 156
Sokcho IV=J: Soccho IV. Sochoh, Socoh (in Soulem, see Sounem. 158
Sounem = Sonam, Soulem, J: Seon, Soen, Sulem, Sunem.
Shunem, Sounem, Soulem, Sulem, Salem, Sdlem, Shuem—Land: 442 [181223] « Sharon), Khirbet Shuweiket er-Ras, Shuweike—Land: 442 [153194] ¢ Gaz.: 97 (Socho
Gaz.: 98 [181223] ¢ TIR: 236 [181223] ¢ Abel:
II) [153194] ¢ Shuweika—TIR: 234-235 (Socho II) [153194] ¢ Abel: 467 (Socho [3]). Unexca470-471. Unexcavated. 158, 160 Soupheir, see Sopheira. 160 vated. 156
Sour =Sior I, Sur, J: Desert of Sur. Shur, The Sokchoth I= J: Socchoth. Succoth, Wadi Tumilat —Davies: 82 (31°15'26" East, 30°30'26" North
Wall-of-the-Ruler (Egyptian)—Land:
142. A line of fortresses guarding the eastern approaches to the Egyptian Delta. 152, 156 to 32°8' East, 30°31'18" North). 152
Sokchoth II, see Sokcho II. 156
Someron I=Semron, Semeron II. Shemron, Shimron-meron, Shimron, Shimrom, Shim'on Sour Oreb= Rock of Horeb, J: Sur Oreb. Sziwr
Oreb, ""The Rock of Oreb' (Hebrew). Unidentified. While '"'the rock of Oreb" was probably a well-known local landmark, it is unlikely ever to be identified.
See also Eniakebzeb. 158
(Egyptian), Shamhuna (Egyptian), Simonias, Simoniyah, Khirbet Sammitniyeh, Tel Shimron
—Lanad: 442 [170234] ¢ Gaz.: 97 [170234] e Abel:
464. Unexcavated. Eusebius' identification of Stone of Help, see Bethchor. 56
Suchar = J: Sychar. Sychar, 'Eyn Sokher, 'Askar —Gaz.: 98 [177180] ¢ TIR: 238 [177180] ¢ Abel: the site with Samaria is incorrect—see Sebaste.
154, 158 Sonam, see Sounem. 160
472-473. Unexcavated. 164
Suchem I, see Neapolis. 120, 150, 152, 158 Suchem II, see Ephraim, Mount. Unidentified
Soora, see Zoar and Adama I. 150
Sopheim = J: Sthif. Zuph. An Ephraimite clan, and the territory between Ramah and Mizpah site. 150
Sukaminos = J: Sycaminus. Shikimonah, Shiqmobelonging to this clan. 160
Sopheira=Sophir, Soupheir, J: Sofera, Sofim, Mount Sepphar.
Unidentified.
A mountain nah, Sukaminon, Sycaminum, Tell es-Samak, Tel Shiqmona—Land: 442 [146247] ¢ Gaz.: 98 range said to be to the east of the territory occupied by the sons of Joktan, which is itself
[146247] « Sycamina, Shiqmona—T/R:
[146247]. 108 to the east of Moab. | Kings 10:22 describes Solomon's Tarshish fleet which sailed the Mediterranean with that of Hiram of Tyre.
Syria, Land of. Region of Syria north and east of Palestine. 102, 146, 150, 176
i} Tabath. Tabbath, Ras Abu Tabat?—Land: 284, Thaad. Tahtim, "in the place where'? (Hebrew). note 222, 476 [208188] ¢ Abel: 474. Unexcavated. 164
Not a place-name.
This stems from the mistranslation of a passage of Hebrew as Tanis.
Tanis, Zoan (Hebrew), San el-Hagar Tahtim-hodshi, a name, rather than "in the (31°54'52" East, 30°58'34" North). Excavated land of Qadesh (on-the-Orontes)." 100 site. 164, 170 Tapheth, see Thapheth. 164
Taphnas = J: Tafnas. Tahpanes, Tahpanhas, TahThaanach, see Thanak. 100
Thaath. Tahath. Unidentified. 98
Thabor I[=Itaburion, Mount Thabor.
Mount Tabor, Jebel et-Tur—Gaz.:
99 [186232] « Thabor Mons—T77R: 246-247 [186232] ¢ Abel: panhes, Daphnae, Tell Dafane, Tell Defenneh—M BA: 183 (32°12' East, 30°55'36" North).
Excavations at the largest mound of Tahpanhes, Qasr Bint el-Yahudi, ""The Castle of 474. 22, 28, 34, 78, 98, 110, 116, 140, 158, 162
Thabor II, see Acheseloth. 98
Thaiman=Thamna III, J: Theman II. Teman, Tawilan?—Land:
442 [197971] ¢ Thaiman, Theman, esh-Shobek?, Theman—Gaz.:
the Jew's Daughter," revealed the remains of the citadel of the city founded by Psammeticus
I for his Carian and Greek mercenaries. 164
Tarsus. A city in Cilicia in Turkey, 34°54' East [204993] ¢ Abel: 479-480. The view that Teman
36°53' North. 100 was a city, and should be identified with Tawilan was overturned by R. de Vaux.
Telem. Telaim. Abel: 477-478 discusses three sites, Khirbet Umm es-Salafeh [145044], etTilma [147054], and Ras el-'Eleim [132045], but Tawilan is an excavated site; esh-Shobek is unexcavated. 96, 102, 174 Thaiman-of-the-Palm-Trees = Thamar II, Therfinds none of them satisfactory. 164
Terebinth in Mambre, see Mambre. 68 moth, Palmetis, J: Theman I. Tadmor, Tadmar, Terebinth in Sikimoi= J: Terebinth in Sicima. The Palmyra, Tudmur—OBA: 137, 141 ¢ MBA: 83
WHAB: 127—38°16' East, 34°37' North. A city Terebinth in (or near) Shechem. Undoubtedly a located in an oasis in the centre of the north sacred tree in a sacred precinct. G. E. Wright
Syrian desert. Tadmor became a vital watering has sought to identify the precinct with Stratum
XXII (wall 968 phase) in the sacred area at Shechem (see Neapolis). Wright's own conclupoint for caravans between Mesopotamia and Damascus or Qatna at least as early as 2000
B.c., but the city's rise to wealth and power came only as a result of the diversion of trade sion was that the sacred area referred to in the Biblical account ''was on the outskirts of the routes following the Roman conquest of the Levant in the first century B.c. The form of the name given here reflects the confusion of later city of that era," but still inside the city walls.
Although the area in question later became the site of a temple, in Stratum XVI, there is nothing to suggest it was so in the Strata XXII
Biblical writers between Tadmor and Tamar, an oasis in the Negev (see Asasan Thamar), which resulted in the dissemination of a false etymology for the name Tadmor and Palmyra, and XXI structures. 164
Terebinthos. Terebinth—Gaz.: Map 6 [160097]. A village two Roman miles south of Hebron. see AEHL (3rd Edition): 405. It also represents
Unexcavated. 6, 24, 76 Tessam=J:
Tesan.
Eshan, Eshean, Seana?— a confusion with another desert city region, Teman in Edom (see Thaiman), and, possibly,
Abel:
320 [105095] © Gaz.: 94 [105095] or Khirbet Sam'a—Abel: 320 [147093] ¢ OBA:
Tema, an oasis in Arabia. 96, 100, 146 Thala, see Ain. 98
128. Unexcavated. 164
Gehenna for a place of eternal torment, "hell"
Thalasar. Tel Basar. An unidentified town, or the in New Testament terms. The Tophet of Carthage has been excavated, and found to ruin of one, probably located in north Syria.
Thalcha, see Ain. 98 contain cremation burials of children, and inscribed tombstones. 102, 164 Thaphphou. Tappuah, see Bethaphou. 98
Thaphphoue = Thaphphouth, J: Thaffue, Thaffuth.
Thamar I, see Asasan Thamar. 8
Thamar II, see Thaiman-of-the-Palm-Trees. 96
Thamna I=Thamnathsara.
Thimnath-serah, Timnah, Khirbet Tibnah/Tibneh—Land: 442
Tappuah (in Ephraim), Jeshub, Sheikh Abu Zarad, Yasuf—Land: 442 [172168] ¢ Gaz.: 70
[160157] © Gaz.: 100 (Thamna 1) [160157] Thamnatsare—T/R: 247 (Thamna J) [160157] ¢
[172168] ¢ Abel: 475-476 (Tappouah [2)).
Unexcavated. 98
Thaphphouth. Tappuah, see Thaphphoue. 98
Abel: 481 (Thimna [1]). A village/town in Mount Ephraim, traditional burial place of Joshua son of Nun. Unexcavated. 8, 24, 70, 96,
Thara. Terah. Unidentified. 98
Tharsa, see Thersa. 102
Tharseis = Tharsis. Tarshish. Unidentified foreign
Thamna I1=Thamnatha. Thamna, Khirbet et Tibbane—Gaz.:
100 [144127] ¢ Thamnata— locality from which "gold and silver, ivory, apes and baboons"' were brought to Solomon by the combined Israelite and Tyrian fleets. Its
TIR: 247-248 (Thamna II) [144127]. This is Hellenistic to Byzantine Thamna, the latest phase in the life of a much older city. The location has been sought to the south, on the assumption that the Tarshish fleet sailed from Ezion-geber, or in the western Mediterranean earlier phases of Timnah are now identified with Tell el-Batashi, Tel Batash—Land: 442 in Spain or Sardinia (WHAB: 127), or Sardinia
[141132]. Khirbet et Tibbane is unexcavated; alone (MBA: Maps 15, 117). Possibly the name
Tel Batash is an excavated site. 96, 100 Thamna III (in Edom), see Thaiman. Timnah in reflects that of Tartessos in Spain. Eusebius has conflated it with Tarsus, which he correctly
Gen. 36:40, but Teman in Gen. 36:11. 96
Thamna, Passage of. The Passage of Timnah, The locates in Cilicia. A western Mediterranean location is supported by the LXX rendering of Road to Timnah, The Way to Timnah—Land:
Map 3, Road 10. A road running between Jerusalem and Timnah. 8
Thamnatha, see Thamna II. 100 the name as Carthage (see Jerome, 101). 100,
Tharsila, see Thersa. 102
Tharthak = J: Tharthac. Tartak. A shrine built by Thamnathsara, see Thamna I. 100 the Avvites and brought to Samaria when they
Thamnatika = Thamnitike, J: Thamnia. The rewere colonists under the Assyrians. 102 gion around the city of Timnah (see Thamna), near Lod/Diospolis. 24, 33, 56 Thamsa. Tiphsah, Thapsacus, Dibseh—Abel: 484
Thebaid. The area around Thebes in Egypt. 162
Thebes. Thebez, Tubas—Gaz.:
100 [184192] e TIR: 248 [184192] ¢ Abel: 477 © SMM: 815: 2, No. 801 [185192] ¢ Aharoni proposes that Thebez and Tirzah were the same place—Land:
264-265. Unexcavated. 100
Theko=J:
Theco.
Eltekon, Khirbet ed-Deir beneath Ain et-Taga—Abel: 314 [c. 160122].
Unexcavated. Eusebius has confused Eltekon (Theko) with Tekoa (Thekoe). 98
Thekoe=Thekoua, J: Thecua. Tekoa, Khirbet Tequ'—Land: 442 [170115] ¢ Gaz.: 99 (Tekoah
(38°9' East, 35°58' North) ¢ OBA: 142. A city on the River Euphrates in north Syria. 100
Thanak = Thaanach, J: Thaanac. Taanach, Tell Ta'anek, Tell Ti'innik—Land: 442 [171214]
Thaanach—T/R: 246 [170214] ¢ Abel: 473-474.
Excavated site. 98
Thapheth = Tapheth, J: Thafeth, Tofeth. Topheth.
The cemetery in which the children sacrificed to Molech were buried in the Hinnom Valley outside Jerusalem. It was in part this horror and defilement which led to the use of the term
I) [170115] ¢ Thecoa, Khirbet et-Tuqu', Teqo'a
—TIR: 248 [170115] ¢ Abel: 478-479. UnexcaThophol = J: Thafol. Tophel, Augustopolis?, etTafileh?—Land:
443 [208027] ¢ Gaz.:
vated. 86, 98, 99 Thekoua, see Thekoe. 86
Thelamos, Land of=J: Thelamuge.
Tachth [208027] ¢ Abel: 487. Unexcavated. 98
Tiberias. Claudiopolis Syriae Palaestinae—Gaz.: l'amar, "on his behalf, saying" (Hebrew). Not 101 [201243] ¢ TIR: 249-250 [201242]. Excaa place-name. 100 vated site. 16, 72, 74, 173 Tiberias, Lake of, see Gennesareth, Lake. 74, 162
Thena, see Thenath. 98
Thenath=Selo II, J: Thena.
Tanaath-shiloh, Taanath-shiloh, Thena, Khirbet Ta'na el-Foqa —Land: 442 [185175] ¢ Gaz.: 101 [185175] e
Khirbet T*ana el-Fauqa—T/R: 249 [185175] Tigris. A river in Mesopotamia, whose connection to the river flowing from Paradise is unclear. Jerome notes that Sallust (Hist. 4:52) states that the headwaters of the Tigris are in Abel: 474. Unexcavated. 98, 156 Therama = Sachoth, Skenai, J: Socchoth I, SceAnatolia, which is right, but Sallust was incorrect in asserting that those of the Euphrates are not. The headwaters of the two nae. Taralah, Succoth, Beth Succoth, Tar'elah, rivers are about ten kilometres apart. 83, 164
Dar'allah, Tell Deir 'Alla—Land:
126, 442 [208178] © Gaz.: 41 [207179] ¢ Abel: 470 rejects Tina, see Kina. 164
Tob. At-Taiyibeh—Land: 443 [266218] ¢ Abel: 10. the identification of Tell Deir 'Alla with Unexcavated. 16
Tombs of Lust, see Mnemata Epithumias. 126
Succoth, which he would locate at Tell Shsas, Tell Khisas [206178]. The first excavator, H. J.
Franken, also has serious doubts concerning Trachonitis.
A vaguely defined region lying east and north of Raphana/Raphon and north of Bosra-eski-Sham—WHAB: Map VII: K4-5. the identification of Tell Deir 'Alla with Succoth. Excavated site. 98, 152, 156 Also known as Iturea. 110, 112, 166 Turos=J: Tyrus. Zer?, Turan?, Tar'an?—Gaz.:
Thermoth, see Thaiman-of-the-Palm-Trees. 100,
Thersa=Tharsa, Tharsila, Thersila I. Tirzah, Khirbet Tell el-Far'ah—Land: 442 [182188] e
102 [184242] ¢ Abel: 457 offers no identification. Unexcavated.
The multiple question marks are to indicate uncertainty (1) that Turos Abel: 485-486. Excavated site. 98, 102 refers to Zer, (2) that Zer is the same as Turan,
Thersila I, see Thersa. 102
(3) that Avi-Yonah is uncertain that Turan Thersila II. Tharsila, Tsil—Gaz.:
100 [241249]. should be identified with Tar'an. 164
Tyre (Gk. Turos)=Sor, Defence of Tyre, The Unexcavated. 103
Thesba. Tishbe, el-Istib, Settip, Lisdib, Khirbet Stronghold of Tyre, Mapsar of Tyre, J: Sor
Listib—A bel: 486 [218197]. Unexcavated. 102
Thogarma. Beth-togarma, Togarma, Til-garimTyrus, Fortified Tyre, Mabsar of Tyre. EsSur—Land:
443 [168297] ¢ Wilkinson:
mu, Gurun—OBA:
142 (37°9' East, 38°45'
North) ¢ MBA: 184, Map 116. Unexcavated.
[168297]. Excavated site. 21, 30, 72, 76, 78, 116, 118, 132, 162
Tholad, see Eltholad. 98
Vv U | Vision, Well of the, see Well of the Vision. 166
Upper Bethoron, see Bethoron, Upper. 46
W:-X Unidentified. See also Berdan. 166
Way of the Nomads (Judges 8:11). A road Well of Judgement II, see Bersabee. 168 running from Nobah/Kenath in southern Syria
Well of Oath-taking, see Bersabee. 169 via Syrian Bozrah to Jogbehah and/or Rabbath-Ammon. This is probably the un-named
| Well of the Covenant, see Bersabee. 166
Well of the Vision. Bir Lahai Roi, Lahai Roi. road shown as running between these two Unidentified. 166 localities by Aharoni (Land: Map 3).
Weeping, Land of, see Klauthmon. 118
Xil=Psil, Chsil. Chesil, Bethel, Bethuel, Khirbet Well in the Desert, see Aic. 168 er-Ras—Abel: 51 [136082]. Unexcavated. 140,
Well of Agar, see Barad. 42
Well of Judgement I. Esek, ""contend"' (Hebrew).
LZ Zeiph=J:
Zif I. Ziph, ez-Zeife—Abel:
(Ziph [2]) [146034]. Unexcavated. 92
Zephrona = Sabareim, J: Zefron, Sabarim. SibraZabulon, The Steps of, see Marala. 130
Zanaoua=J:
Zannoua. Zanoah, Khirbet Beit 'Amra (El Khudr on PEF Map of the Negev) —Abel: 489 (Zanoah [2]) [155096]. Unexcaim, Ziphron, Hawwarim—Land: 443 [347407].
Unexcavated. 92, 162 vated. 92
Zanoua= J: Zanua. Zanoah, Zanoua, Zanohah, Khirbet Zanu, Horvat Zanoah—Land:
[150125] © Gaz.: 103 [150125] ¢ Khirbet Zanu'
—TIR: 261 [150125] ¢ Abel: 489 (Zanoah [1]).
Zia. Zia, Khirbet Zey—Gaz.: 104 [217168] ¢ Abel:
490. Unexcavated. 94
Ziph = Mountain of Zeib, Zeib, J: Zif I. Ziph, Khirbet Zif, Tell Zif—Land: 443 [162098] e Gaz.: 104 [163098] ¢ TIR: 262 [163098] ¢ Abel:
Unexcavated. 92
Zaphoeim = J: Zafoim. Unidentified in Gen. 36:
490 (Ziph [1]). Unexcavated. 92
Zoeleth. Zocheleth, "The Sliding Stone" (He43. Could this be Zeboiim (Gen.
14: 2)?
Although this is unidentified on the ground, it brew). A place beside the spring of En-rogel,
Bir Ayyub—SM M: §15: 2, No. 329 [172130]. 94 is one of the '"'Cities of the Plain," whose sites, collectively, may be plausibly identified (see
Adama I). 92
Zared=Pharanx Zare. Zered, Wady Hasa— Zogera, see Zoar. 94
Zoob. Suphah. Unidentified. 92
Zoor = Bala, Zoora, Segor, Sigor, Soora, Zogera, J: Zoara, Zogora. Bela, Zoar, Zoara, Tell esLand: 481 [243026 to 200047]. A large valley running down from the highlands of Moab to Safi—Land: 443 [194049] ¢ Gaz.: 104 [194049] e
Zoora, Ghor es-Safi—T/R: 263 [194049]. One the Wady Arabah just south of the Dead Sea. of a series of five sites with occupation of the 92, 168 Zeb. Zub, "flow, gush" (Hebrew). Not a placeEarly Bronze culture on the east side of the Wadi Arabah beside the southern end of the name. 94
Zebulon, Steps of =Ioppe, Steps of, J: Ascent of Dead Sea. The town was occupied in the Roman and Byzantine periods. 42, 94, 98,
Iafo. Road leading to/from Jaffa. 108, 109 100, 122, 138, 150, 152, 168 Zeib. The Wilderness of Ziph, see Ziph. 92
Zoora, see Zoor. 94, 150 Zeib, Mountain of, see Ziph. 92
EXCURSES
- a '
: ion — ie
rh An a oe a a bes . aK, wie is ve ville nn
EXCURSUS I:
Directions and Locations in Eusebius' Onomasticon by Joan E. Taylor In English, we have few ways of indicating direction or location, and we tend to use these rather ambiguously: something situated ''on the rendering of the Greek. A vague translation could lead to mistakes of identification. In Jerome's translation of Eusebius, he was not so concerned with this accuracy. He pared the terms down, so that he generally uses quite simple directions: ad north side of the mountain" can, for example, mean on the north side within the area of the mountain (on the slopes), or on the north side somewhere outside the area of the mountain
(beyond the slopes). International orienteering has invented different signs for indicating whether one should go to a place "in the north'? which is or contra septentrionem|/ meridiem/ orientem|/ occidentem| aquilonem| solis ortum plagam, meaning "'to" or "towards" (lit: "against"') the north, the south, the east, the west, or to the rising sun
(=east). In using the term plagam with these terms, which means "territory, region, area,"
Jerome tends to refer to things as being "'to the north side" or "'to the south side" and so on ina way that is often more directional than locational. situated in the area of the mountain, or "'to the north,' which is situated outside, beyond the mountain.
Greek also distinguishes carefully between these.
In English, the difference is between a locational understanding, i.e. "'the village is situated on the north side of the mountain (on the slope)' and a directional understanding, i.e. "the village is situated on the north side of the mountain (somewhere in the It is important that we understand Eusebius' terms very well, because throughout the course of the fourth century Christians identified all kinds of sites as being those mentioned in the Bible, but their identifications were not always based on careful assessment. valley)."" In the second instance the mountain becomes the place from which directions can be pointed: north, south, east, west. It is as if one is standing on top of it pointing outwards. In the Eusebius refers to four quarters, or four corners from which the winds blow. This stretch over 45 degrees of the compass goes for all his directions.
In the case of pros borran, for example, this can indicate north-east and north-west as well as due north. The simple directions in Eusebius' Greek case of a locational understanding, the mountain is the total field in which anything can be located, either in the north, south, east, west of this area.
Eusebius has very many different ways of using prepositions to indicate location and direction.
Since this English translation of the Onomasticon text are: borra' the north notos" the south mesembria_ the south anatolai the east (lit. "risings": always used in plural) dusmai the west (lit. "settings": always used in plural) is intended for those who do not read Greek, and are concerned with the archaeology and history of places in the region of the current areas of Israel,
Jordan and Palestinian territories, it is important to determine as exactly as possible how Eusebius fixes sites by means of an accurate English 1 Borran appears on its own as the interpretation of the name Sephina (160: 1).
2 cf. Nageb 136:14: Symmachus interprets the name as ho notos.
e kata with the accusative Basic meaning: "'in/ towards the direction of" the north/ south/ east/ west. Kata is found eight times with the accusative forms of the four quarters, and is usually relational, i.e. it is found
As a basic rule, Eusebius uses these references to the four winds or four quarters when he means to refer to something being towards a certain direction, i.e. "to the north/ south/ east/ west."
When referring to location, however, Eusebius tends to use the adjectival neuter plural forms of north/ south/ east/ west, preceded by a definite in forms indicating ''west of y, north of x" etc.
Aggai 4: 27 is kata dusmas Baithel, "'west of Baithel"; Aie (10: 13-14) is tés Areopoleos kata anatolas, "east of Areopolis'; Ianoun (108: 6) is
"south (kata noton) of Legio"; Raphaein (146:11) article, to read, literally:
"'in/ by/ upon the northern/ etc. parts' of some geographical feature. Given that writers can use words in distinctive ways, the following analysis of Eusebius' methods of referring to the direction or location of sites will make his usage clearer.
Essentially, the difference between a directional sense and a locational sense can be the difference between something "beyond the mountain" and "on the mountain." It is not always important, but every now and then it can be critical in terms of siting a Biblical place. is kata borran Ierousalem, "north of Jerusalem," and see also: Abelsattein (10: 28); Thabor (98: 24);
Naein (140: 4); Sounem (158: 12). e eis with the accusative The basic meaning is "into" or "towards" the north/ south/ east/ west.° In the Onomasticon, eis borran, etc., refers to the direction towards which one is travelling (mentally or physically). This form is associated with milestones one should be counting whilst going in a certain direction (e.g.
99: 25° 52: 20: 882132136: 8, 137144515; 1I54e iy DIRECTION: Nominal Forms Very generally, when Eusebius indicates direction
It is also found with the imprecise siting of Eden which is to be found somewhere eis anatolas, alone, he uses certain prepositions with the four quarters: pros with the nominal accusative form,
"towards the east" (80:20, cf. LXX Gen. 2:8; 12:8 kata anatolas). Regarding Antharim (10:10), there is a definite article in the phrase: eis ton noton.
Eusebius refers to Num. 21:1 (though not the LXX version) regarding the "Canaanite (king) who ruled (lit. '"'sat,"" Heb. yosheb) towards the south (Heb. hannegeb)." It may have an adjectival usage. For example, a village named Asor is located en horiois Askalonos tois eis anatolas, literally "within the borders of Ascalon [region], those towards the east" (20: 4), i.e. "'within the eastern borders of Ascalon." The directional sense is found also regarding Engaddi, which "'lies beside the Dead Sea, westwards'
(96: 10-11).
Engaddi is to be found by going in a western direction from the Dead Sea, "to the west," rather than in the western part of the Dead Sea. In English translation, the Greek preposition may be dropped, so that the phrase is rendered, as in this case, "'it lies west of the Dead Sea." eis with the accusative, and sometimes kata with the accusative; ek with the genitive, or epi with the accusative or genitive; or apo with the genitive.
These have a slightly different meaning, depending on the preposition used. e pros with the accusative Basic meaning: "'to" or "towards the north/etce.?
This is Eusebius' most common way of referring to direction. He uses it as pros borran/ noton/ anatolas/ dusmas/ mesembrian. To take some wellknown places as examples: Arad (14: 15): "it is twenty milestones away from Chebron to the south"; Geenna [Gehenna] (70:4): "'it lies alongside the wall of Jerusalem to the east'; Nazareth
(140: 1-2): "even until today it is in Galilee opposite [the city of] Legio, about 15 milestones away to the east, near to Mount Thabor.'"
3 See H. G. Liddell, R. Scott and H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed. with rev. suppl. with assistance of R. McKenzie [LSJ]
(Oxford: Clarendon, 1996) 1497, C.3.
4 Nazareth is due north-east from Legio, but Eusebius indicates that you should take the eastern gate from Legio.
SESI8o3, By IT.
6 LSJ, 491.
e ek with the genitive Basic meaning: literally 'out of' or "from" the north/ south/ east/ west, but with the sense of "to" the north/etc. In Hebrew min with direction means "to the north/etc.," e.g. minnegeb, "'to the south" (1 Sam. 14: 5, cf. Num. 34: 4), but the Hebrew forms are not usually translated with ek
(34: 9-10): ""Now it is the very large village of Aendor near to Mount Thabor, about four milestones away to the south (epi notou hos apo sémeion d')." e apo with the genitive This usage denotes a site away from a given place, usually indicating some distance, though when it appears with the genitive it may also be translated in the LXX. Ailon is ex anatolon Baithél, and "lying at a distance of three milestones" (18: 14);
Thekoua is a village of Ailia 'ex anatolon at milestone 12" (86:13); regarding Eikok, Judah is as "to the north/etc. of a given spot, cf. LXX
Num. 23:7; Judg. 7:1. Matt. 2:1 has the usage with a different meaning: "'from/out of the east." In the Onomasticon, Bosor is found apo anatolon Tericho ex anatolon (88: 8). In the case of Arbo (6:11): this is "situated 22 milestones south (ek notou) of (46:9), "'away to the east of Jericho," or "'eastward of Jericho." In fact, Bosor (Bostra) was some 130 km north-east of Jericho. Asemona (14: 4) is
"away to the south of the [territory] of Judaea (apo notou tés 'Ioudaias), past the boundary of Egypt and the way through to the Sea." Eikok
Ailia."" Eusebius uses a plural adjectival form to indicate something located north/etc. of a given spot: "and it is now Bennamareim ek boreion
Zoopon," i.e. "on the north of Zoor' (138: 21).
Zoor was a sub-region of Petra in the Roman province of Arabia.
(88:8): "It adjoins Zabulon away to the south (apo notou) and Asher to the west (kata thalassan—lit.
© epi with accusative The basic meaning is: "'of the quarter or direction towards or in which a thing takes place.' For the directional use of epi, we find the usual accusative singular form (see above) for "south," and the usual nominal plural forms of "east" and "'west"':
Zeb (94: 4): epi dusmas; Thena (98: 14): ep' anatolas; Madian (124: 10-11): ep' anatolas; Pharan (166: 14): epi noton. In this case, we seem
'in the direction of/towards the sea') and Judah to the east (ex anatolon)." e en with the dative for "east" and "west"
In the case of the risings and settings of the sun, Eusebius can write of "'in [the] risings/settings"' as being ''in the east/west"' directionally. He does so six times. This seems initially very like a form used to indicate location (below), but it is a directional form, since it is a simple plural from the main noun and generally occurs without the specificato have the meaning "'towards the north/etc."'; it is part of the directional category. Eusebius uses epi also for locational references, but these are combined with adjectival neuter plural forms tion of where "'in the east/west" the site may be found. The adjectival neuter plural form, with the (see below). definite article, is what designates a spot or region on the ground, rather than a direction to which one may point. Eusebius seems not to use en with north or south. This probably results from an understanding that something can seem to be, quite literally, "'in'" the risings or settings of the ¢ epi with the genitive In one instance, Eusebius uses epi with the genitive form. The preposition epi with the genitive usually means "'upon," though it may also be used in expressions such as '"'on the right/ sun, but it cannot quite be "in" the place of the north or south wind, which one never sees anyway. Because of this, the reference is someleft."® However, elsewhere, Eusebius can use epi to mean "'in," as in epi tes erémou (8:22; 10:1—2, 7—
8: 16:9 et al.), which Jerome translates as in deserto (cf. 6:6: epi tés Batanaias). The context times ambiguous, or even tending to be locational; if a spot is "in the risings/settings of the sun," one makes it clear that the use is directional. Aendor
Teles JLO2253..
8 LSJ 621), I.
Galgala (64:24) is pros héliou anatolais (ct. LXX Josh. 4:19: pros héliou anatolas). It is "in the east," may argue, there is a definite sense of it being located on the ground in this vicinity, if seen from a given standpoint. or "east of." Gadara (74: 10-11) is "'a city beyond the Jordan, opposite Scythopolis and Tiberias, in the east (pros anatolais) in the mountains." Arith
Regarding Adiathain (24: 23-24): "It is said that there is a certain village of Adia near Gaza, and another Aditha near Diospolis in the east (en anatolais)." Eusebius might have said "to the east" here. Another example of the usage "in the .
(34: 5) is "in the west of Ailia (Ailias pros dusmais)." The genitive of Ailia makes this reference locational.
The place is within the territory of Ailia. Asan (26: 5): "It is now the village called Bathasan within the borders of east'? may be found in the description of Akrabbein (14: 9). The sense is still that it is directionally 'in the east," but it is ambiguous.
Maon (130: 12) is "in the east of Daroma (en anatolais tou Daroma).'"
Here the locational aspect of what is really a directional phrase is made clear by the qualification that it is within the district of the Daroma, not outside it. One could not say it is "to the east of the Daroma." One might just as well translate this as "in the eastern part of Daroma," which would, strictly speaking, have been en anatolikois tou Daroma. It helps to remember the literal Greek meaning, that it is "in the risings [of the sun] of Daroma." The same phrase is used to describe Gabathon "in the east of Diospolis [region]" (70:10—11), which also has a locational sense.
Ailia, in the west (pros dusmais), 15 milestones away." Abel [of the Vineyards] (32: 17): "12 milestones from Gadara, those which are in the east (pros anatolais)," or "12 milestones east of Gadara." Iazer (104: 14-15) is "10 milestones from Philadelphia in the west (pros dusmais) in [what is] now Peraea of Palestine across the Jordan."' In none of the cases where we have a simple directional reference do we have the definite article.
LOCATION: Definite Adjectival Neuter Plural Forms For locational forms, Eusebius uses en with the dative adjectival neuter plural, with the definite article, and also pros with the same, epi with the same, and possibly peri with the same also. In these cases, the preposition relates to the northern/ southern/ eastern/ western parts of a region rather than to quarters. The instances with epi indicate that Eusebius contracted what might be rendered in its long form as ta boreia (etc.) meré,
"the northern (etc.) parts."
More generally, "'in the west" or rather "in the settings [of the sun]'' occurs as an expression in relation to Azor (12: 3-4): "The village Azer is eight milestones away from Philadelphia in the west, and remains to the present." In addition,
Araba (12:25-26) is apparently en dusmais in the translation given by Theodotion for Deut. 1:1.
Simple adjectives are used by Eusebius in several places to indicate location or direction.
The adjectival forms are found as: e pros with the dative for "east" and "west"
In the Onomasticon, pros can mean very much the same as en (see below). Literally, pros with the dative means "hard by" or "right near," proximity being a key component of the meaning, but boreios/-a/-on northern, "belonging to the north wind" etc. notios/-a/-on southern mesembrinos/-a/-on southern anatolikos/-e/-on eastern often' if isso near as Ho. be "in" sor "on."
Therefore, it is not surprising that we find pros used in the sense of en in relation to the risings and settings of the sun. The phrase pros anatolais/ dusmais means, literally, ''right near [the] risings/ settings [of the sun] but it translates as "'in the east/west.'' As in the cases of en with the dative of Eusebius usually uses singular neuter adjectives: boreion (14: 13, 16; 92:9; 122: 19; 148: 7), anatolikon (14:7, 19; 46:6), cf. anatolike (26:14) for '"'northern/northerly, eastern/easterly." It should the nominal plural, however, a locational sense is found when there are qualifications as to the also be noted that the genitive of anatolai is used on its own in an adjectival way as meaning "'of the region.
Saaleim (160: 10) is "within the borders of Eleutheropolis in the west (pros dusmais)." east': anatolon is found in the case of Kedem
(118: 20); Sopheira (150: 14; 160: 20), which is described as being "a mountain of the East towards India." The adjectives may be used as indicating the four winds, so that notia refers to "southerly winds":;? ta boreia can mean "the northerly winds."'° However, the adjectival neufound once with a reference to "'the eastern parts," the rest are references to "'northerns." In the latter instance, where there is no definite article, the sense is ambiguous. The reference may be to northern parts, but it may have a directional sense, 1.e. somewhere "'in the north." In this way, ter plural with a definite article refers also to certain parts of a region, for example, Thucydides has these and a prepositional phrase: pros ta mesembrina kai hesperia autés...ta mesa kai ta pros borran tés nésou (6: 2: 5)."' it is the opposite of the case we find with en and the nominal forms of ''east/west." "In the risings/ settings" may translate locationally as "in the east/west" of a given location; "'in the northerns" may translate as "in the north" of a given place, when it is found without the definite article. The locational aspect is only absolutely clear when we have the definite article and/or a qualifying genitive.
In fact, we generally do have this qualification.
Eusebius does not distinguish whether he is talking about a city or the territory belonging to a city, which goes by the same name.
In the following, we find en boreiois where the usage is clearly locational referring to city ® epi with accusative Basic meaning: "upon" the north/etc. It can also mean "on the...side"' of something, or "extension over a space."'* Eusebius uses this as locational.
The difference between the locational and directional uses of the preposition are emphasised by the use of a plural neuter definite object with the adjectival neuter plural forms, literally '""upon/in/ on the northern/etc.
[somethings].''
Eusebius' usage is made clearer by the use of the word meré, ""parts" (accusative plural of meros), which appears to be implied in all these cases. territory: Kammona (116: 22) is situated in the north of Legio, 6 milestones [from Legio]; Akeldama (38:21) is "'in [the city of] Ailia in the north of Mount Sion'; Sorech (160: 3): "in the north of Eleutheropolis"; Achor (18:19): "in the north of Jericho [territory]. More generally, Bethnamran (44: 18) is "in the north," as is Gazara (68:1); Maspha (130: 10); Aiphraim (28:
Arnon (10: 18-19) is a place "'shown even until today as an extremely steep ravine called Arnon, extending over the northern parts (parateinon epi ta boreia) of the [region of] Areopolis." The locational aspect is made clear by the context.
Aneiel (30:6) "'is the village of Baitoanaia, situated 26); Remmon (144:12); Gaas (70:19); Ataroth (26:
20); Asthemo (26:12).
The definite article is found in these instances:
Akkaron (22: 10) which is "now a large Jewish at a distance of fifteen milestones from Caesarea
[Philippi], in the eastern parts (epi ta anatolika) [of village, called Akkaron, in the eastern parts (en its territory], lying in the mountains, where it is tois anatolikaois) between Azotos and Iamnia'';
Bera (54: 27): "'the village is 8 milestones from Eleutheropolis in the northern parts (en tois said there are medicinal baths." Bethlehem (42:
11) lies "'six milestones away from Ailia on the southern side (Ailias ... epi ta notia), on the Chebron road, where the tomb of Jesse and David boreiois) [of the region]; Gelgel (68: 15—16): "'It is indeed now a village named Galgoulis, around the sixth milestone from Antipatris, in the northis pointed out." Dothaeim (76: 14-15) "remains within the borders of Sebaste, and is at a distance of 12 milestones from this [city] in the northern parts (epi ta boreia meré) [of its territory]." ern parts (en tois boreiois) [of the region]." e peri with the accusative Eusebius uses the preposition peri with the accusative on one possible occasion, though the ¢ en with the dative En with the dative adjectival neuter plural is
ORES I UL S2.
10 LSJ, 322.
11 I am grateful to Dr. Elizabeth Duke for this reference.
IQUESI6235%5.
translates it as in monte Oliveti, 'on the Mount of text is unclear. The basic meaning is "near,"
Olives."" Gaza was the border of the Canaanites, "around," "about" a place, or even "in?! and Eusebius uses this preposition on other occasions ie. "next to (pros) Egypt"
(62: 23-24), but Gethsimane is pros the Mount of Olives (74: 17), but to translate pros as "beside" here would be wrong; Gethsimane is, as Jerome states, ad radices montis Oliveti, "at the 'roots' of the Mount of Olives," that is, on its lower slopes. Ephratha, with Rachel's tomb, is "right beside (pros) the road" (82: 11) where Rachel is buried, but Heliopoulis is a city pros te Aigupto
(94: 13), which Jerome rightly translates as urbs in Aegypto, "a city in Egypt." to mean "very near," e.g. Galgala (66:6). In the case of Ephron (86:2) we find that it is: peri ta boreia Ailias, which may mean "hard by the northern parts of Ailia,' with the implication it is on the border.
However, this text has been. reconstructed in accordance with Jerome's version: contra septentrionem. In fact, the Greek text explicitly has peri ta horia,'* "by the borders."
One may translate it as "by the northern borders."
As we have just seen, en boreiois can mean "in the north," and be ambiguous as to direction or e pros with the dative Pros is used with a neuter, adjectival plural only location, as in the equivalent English. However, if it is qualified by a genitive, then the expression becomes locational, so that the reference is to a once in the Onomasticon, that is, in the case of Golgotha (74: 20-21). We saw above how the use site "in the north of x" rather than "to the north of x." Precisely the same usage occurs in the case of pros with the nominal expressions for "east" and "west" in the Onomasticon. We have seen also how pros behaves like en at times in Eusebius' descriptions. The adjectival use of borran probably relates to the common usage of boreia as being ''northern [winds].''
Pros boreiois then would mean something like "in/right beside the northern [winds]" literally, but translate as "in the north." of pros with a nominal dative form of a word could substitute for en, as in the instances of "in the east/west." In Eusebius' text, en and pros are very similar words. Pros is a preposition that implies close proximity, closer than in the case of peri or para; it means "hard by," "bordering on''!> but seems to be so close as to be "in" or "on" in some cases, as we find in the official
Greek name for Alexandria in Roman times:
Alexandria pros Aigupto, found in Latin as Alexandria ad Aegyptum, Alexandria by/towards
However, in the case of Golgotha, Eusebius Egypt. Before looking more closely at the case of Golgotha, Eusebius' other employments of the preposition may further clarify his usage. uses the definite article, which, as we have seen in the instances where it is used with epi and en, refers to location on the ground. It appears to be a contracted way of referring to "the northern parts." For ease of reference, the instances can be repeated here:
Addara (24:3) belongs to the tribe of Judah and is pros té eremo, "'right beside the desert." Jerome has iuxta desertum, "next to the desert."' However, in the case of Akkara (24: 6), Jerome has in Akkaron (22:10): in the eastern parts (en tois deserto, "in the desert" for the same Greek expression. Jerome then picks up the ambiguity of the word as meaning either "in" or "right beside" depending on the context. Bethsaida, the city of Andrew, Peter and Philip, is in (en) Galilee anatolikaois).
Bera (54:27): in the northern parts (en fois boreiois).
Gelgel (68: 15-16): in the northern parts (en tois boreiois).
Arnon (10: 18-19): over the northern parts right beside (pros) the lake Gennesareth (58: 11—
12), but Bethphage is pros the Mount of Olives (epi ta boreia).
(58: 13-14, from Mark 11:1'°) and Jerome rightly epUSIels6on Gs 4 cia 1367) bs 14 See Klostermann, 86, n.2.
15 LSJ, 1497, B.
16 Traditionally, Bethphage is a village right on top of the Mount of Olives.
Aneiel (30: 6): in the eastern parts (epi ta There was a great deal of development in terms of these sites during the fourth century, and identianatolika).
Bethlehem (42:11): on the northern side (epi fications were not always consistent.'' ta notia).
Dothaim (76: 14-15): in the northern parts Another instance to consider is Akeldama, which is described by Eusebius as being (38: 20—
(epi ta boreia mere).
21): "'Field/place of Blood in the Gospels, which is pointed out even until today in [the city of] Ailia
(en té Ailia) in the north of Mount Sion (en boreiois tou Sion orous)."' This would mean that Akeldama and Golgotha were situated very close together, both sites being "in Ailia" (the presentday city) in the northern region of Mount Sion.
Akeldama, nevertheless, is referred to elsewhere in the Onomasticon as being somewhere else entirely, near a place called Taphet (or Tophet), not near
Golgotha and not in Ailia, in fact 1.2 km away from the north of Mount Sion. How are we to All these may be translated into English as "'in the north/east," and this at times would read better.
However, it is well to remember the sense of what Eusebius writes. Golgotha is described in this way
(74: 20-21):
'Kraniou topos', entha ho Christos estaurothé. Hos kai deiknutai en Ailia pros tois boreiois tou Sion opous—''Place of a Skull', where the Christ was crucified, which is indeed pointed out in Aelia right beside the northern parts of Mount Sion."
Eusebius' use of pros in this case would parallel sort out this blatant contradiction in what Eusebius writes? If we focus on what Eusebius his usage elsewhere in the Onomasticon, in that pros can mean either "right beside," "'in" or "'on."
As we saw, both Bethphage and Gethsimane were states in terms of locations and directions, can we clarify this problem? in fact on the Mount of Olives, even though
Eusebius uses the preposition pros to describe Eusebius refers to Taphet in two places: once as Tapheth (164: 21-22) and once as Thapheth (102: their location in relation to the hill. The Greek phrasing describing the location of Golgotha cannot mean "'to the north, some distance away from Mount Sion" in a way that would tie it conveniently to the site where Constantine's mother Helena miraculously discovered the "true
14-16). In the Bible Tapheth—a place where people once sacrificed their children—is located in the Valley of Hinnom/Gehenna (2 Kings 23: 10;
Jer. 7:31—32). Eusebius therefore duly records that Taphet was "'in the Valley of the sons of Ennom
[Hinnom]" (164:21). In both places, however, he cross," where the Church of the Holy Sepulchre now stands. Moreover, if Eusebius had meant to indicate that Golgotha was directionally somewhere 'to the north of' Mount Sion he would have done so, and could have made himself quite says that the Hinnom Valley is "in the suburbs/ environs of Jerusalem/Ailia (en proasteiois Ierousalém/ Ailias)" and that it "'lies near to (parakeitai) the Fuller's Pool and the Field of Akeldama (he kolumbéthra ou knapheos kai to Acheldamach'* clear by employing one of the several expressions he regularly used, as described above: pros borran, chorion)."" Geenna (Gehenna) (70:4) "lies alongside the wall of Jerusalem to the east.''!" Eusebius otherwise identifies the Valley of Hinnom with the Valley of Jehoshaphat (170: 9-10), and there is eis borran, etc. Here we see how important it is to be clear about Eusebius' use of prepositions and directions for the siting of Biblical locations.
17 For further discussion of the siting of Golgotha, see Joan E. Taylor, "Golgotha: A Reconsideration of the Evidence for the Sites of Jesus' Crucifixion and Burial," New Testament Studies 44 (1998), 180-203.
18 For the ending with the chi, see Acts 1:18-19. The ending may reflect the 3rd singular feminine ending in Aramaic: hageldamach;
"the field of its/her blood" is an acceptable way of expressing "the field of blood" or "the bloodied field" in Aramaic. The term chorion appears in some manuscripts of Acts 1:18-19, and means "property" or "estate."
19 This is not quite Biblical Gehinnom/Gehenna, which is usually identified today as lying south to south-west of the wall of Jerusalem. Like the localisation of Mount Sion, which was first of all equated with the hill of David's city, or the Temple Mount itself, and then—by the Byzantine period—with a hill south of the Tower of David, we seem to have a case when a well-known locality had become identified with another location altogether, in this case the Kidron Valley and the Valley of Jehoshaphat. It seems probable that the siting of Gehenna had moved eastwards with the changes made to the city in the late Roman period. Since
Gehenna was by definition the foulest part of the area around the walls, being the dump where people would throw and burn rubbish, if this dump had moved eastwards, then the siting of Gehenna may have done so also.
V7 I
(Matt. 27: 3-9, ef. Acts 1: 18-19), which would have been outside the walls of Jerusalem in the absolutely no doubt to which valley he refers. The definition of Gehenna followed by Eusebius seems first century, since tombs were not allowed within to be much the same as followed later by Eucherius, in his letter to Faustus the island presbyter (written in the fifth century). Faustus himself is probably quoting Jerome's translation the city. The sixth-century Piacenza Pilgrim writes of the field called Akeldama as being near Siloam, and mentions an area ''covered by tombs" which was also full of apple trees and vines (/tin. 26).7 A of the Onomasticon, which he supplemented by his own observations:
''Beside the east wall of .
Jerusalem, which is also the wall of the Temple, later pilgrim, Adomnan (De Locis Sanctis 1719), probably using Jerome's translation of the Onomasticon, writes of Akeldama as being on the southern side of Mount Sion, and as a place with is Gehenna. This is called the Valley of Jehoshaphat. It runs from north to south, and the Brook a stone wall, in which not only were foreign pilgrims buried with care, but others were left rotting on the surface of the earth, covered only with cloths or skin. It does seem that the location
Kidron runs through it whenever there has been rain to provide it with water."
If Taphet is here, close to the Fuller's Pool, where is the pool? The word used, kolumbéthra, comes from the word kolumbao, meaning "'swim"' is the same as we find it in the writings of other pilgrims. Epiphanius the Monk writes that there was the pool of Siloam, then the potter's field, in which the silver pieces were thrown (= Akeldama), and then the pear trees where Judas hanged himself (Hagiopolita 3:20), which associates these or "dive." It is a large, deep body of water; the word may be translated "swimming pool" in some cases. Recently a large pool has been revealed in the riverbed of the Kidron Valley, north of the southern edge of the City of David,"' due east of Mount Sion. This would correspond well with Eusebius' placement of this pool. sites with the same locality. Since the name Akeldama comes from Aramaic hagel dama' (lit.
"field of blood''), we would probably be right to look for a field for the authentic location. A field in which there are tombs, within the area of the Hinnom Valley, would correspond both to Eusebius' description of a site near to Taphet and the Fuller's Pool, and to what is known of the first-century area (see map, opposite).
If Akeldama is located in this area, then it could not be construed as being in the north of Mount Sion. The location of Akeldama accepted at the end of the fourth century was indeed southeast of Mount Sion, close by the Hinnom Valley.
Jerome corrects Eusebius on this point precisely in his entry on Akeldama, by writing that it was shown until today in Aelia ad australem plagam montis Sion: '"'in Aelia, south of Mount Sion' (39:
26-27). Interestingly, he faithfully retains EuseWe do seem to have a fairly consistent picture of the location of Akeldama if we believe what
Eusebius otherwise says concerning the proximate locations of Taphet and the Fuller's Pool. This bius' wording in stating that it is "in Aelia"
(perhaps understood here in terms of the city territory) and in using Mount Sion as a reference tallies well with the evidence of Jerome, and later pilgrims, and would also fit with what we know of Jerusalem in the first century. This shows that sometimes Jerome accurately corrects Eusebius, and that Eusebius could sometimes get his places wrong. To add weight to all this textual evidence, we also now have archaeological evidence: a large tomb complex replete with decorative elements reminiscent of Temple decoration, combined with point.
If this southern, traditional location may be said to be close to the Fuller's Pool and Taphet, it is also situated in a region where there are tombs from the Second Temple period, which fits with the Biblical evidence. The Biblical references make it clear that Akeldama was a burial area where "foreigners," xenoi/xenai, were entombed clear evidence of foreign burials, dating from the 20 Quoted from John Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrims before the Crusades (Warminster: Aris and Phillips, 1977), 53.
21 Dan Bahat, The Illustrated Atlas of Jerusalem (Jerusalem: Carta, 1989), 48. Bahat suggests that this is the pool of Solomon, referred to by Josephus, War 5.4.
22 Wilkinson, Pilgrims, 84.
Splendid ti Manius Loricus Magnius Felix gale qQbstatue head inscription inscription Inscription" \ Tiberius Fatalis inscription Statue of Statue of
z Hadrian, Antoninus Pius)
% ~<@= Nymphaeum <S (near present Monastery |___of the Cross) Q : is) ~= Tombs
{in present Nahal Rekafot) a) f ° aos ty
Sy Fuller's or Solomon's Pool a : j ne ony elle y of Hi
ee .
Taphet?
Akeldama ™ = v © Carta, Jerusalem L
AELIA CAPITOLINA (JERUSALEM) IN THE LATE THIRD CENTURY A.D.
Golgotha: hos kai deiknutai en Ailia pros tots boreiois tou Sion orous. first century (to the Byzantine period), has been found in precisely the right spot,"° and is surely to be identified with Akeldama.
All this perhaps shows how a careful reading of Eusebius can enable us to be slightly more precise about where sites were identified at the end of the third century, but despite Eusebius' monumental achievement, and his efforts to be extremely
The only explanation for Eusebius' mistake is that he became confused when writing about the sites of Akeldama and Golgotha, and wrote another description of the site of Golgotha in his entry on Akeldama. If he wrote of certain sites precise by his careful employment of highlynuanced directional and locational forms, he, like in Jerusalem at about the same time, after or during a visit to the city, a slip could easily occur.
What we have in his erroneous localisation of Akeldama is an alternative way of describing the placement of Golgotha, as it was identified to him, "'in [the city of] Ailia in the north [area] of Mount Sion" (38:20—21). The descriptions clearly read as almost identical: all of us, could make mistakes. Overall though, it is his precision that is remarkable, and unfortunately an English translation may never be able to do full justice to what appears in the Greek.
Anyone who wants absolute accuracy will still need to study Eusebius' Greek text, with a full awareness of how he uses the subtleties of language to place his sites and describe them.
Akeldama: ho kai deiknutai en té Ailia en boreiois tou Sion orous 23 Leen and Kathleen Ritmeyer, ""Akeldama: Potter's Field or High Priest's Tomb," BAR 20/6 (November—December 1994), 22-35.
Gideon Ayni and Zvi Greenhut, "Resting Place of the Rich and Famous," BAR 20/6 (1994), 36-46; Gideon Avni and Tal Ilan,
"Three New Burial Caves of the Second Temple Period in Akeldama (Kidron Valley)," in H. Geva (ed.), Ancient Jerusalem
Revealed (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1994), 206-25; G. Avni and Z. Greenhut, The Akeldama Tombs. Three Burial
Caves in the Kidron Valley, Jerusalem (Israel Antiquities Authority Reports No. 1; Jerusalem: Israel Antiquities Authority, 1996).
EXCURSUS II:
Distances Used by Eusebius and the Identification of Sites by Rupert L. Chapman and Joan E. Taylor One problem for determining where sites mentioned by Eusebius were situated is that it is unclear what mile measurement was used in late
Roman Palestine. The Roman mile was calculated or tall round stone set upon a plinth with a distance engraved or painted in Roman or Greek numerals, sometimes with an inscription commemorating the emperor during whose rule it was erected. However, most milestones that have been discovered in the area are not inscribed, and simply function as stone markers that can be counted as you walk past. It is possible that some of these had painted numerals that have now washed off. as being 1,000 paces, and a pace was determined as being 5 feet. However, a foot was not uniform throughout the Empire. A Palestinian Byzantine foot was 30.89 cm or 12 inches, as may be seen in the inscription published by F. M. Abel in 1926.!
The Palestinian Byzantine foot is probably thereMeasurements between milestones could be variable, sometimes shorter and sometimes longfore the same as an Attic foot, of 30.9 cm, and this may have been the standard since Seleucid times in the region. There were 5,000 feet in a mile, meaning a Palestinian Byzantine mile would have measured 1544.50 m. A Roman foot, pes, is usually considered to be 29.5 cm, a somewhat er, depending, it seems, on what mile length was used on a particular stretch of road. Israel Roll and Etan Ayalon noted that the central NeapolisJaffa road milestones assume a mile longer than even 1544.50 m. A first milestone was discovered shorter length, so that a Roman mile, a mille Passus, is generally estimated to have been 1475— east of Azzun, a second was discovered 3 "'miles"' further west, using units of 1600 metres each. The next milestone was discovered 1700 m from the 81 m.7
Eusebius measured things by noting milestones, which he usually calls semeia (lit. "'signs"). These were established in Palestine from the time of Vespasian (A.D. 69), though not significantly until one before, and then the remains of at least two milestones were discovered 1650 m from the previous one.
Finally, a fifth milestone was discovered near ancient Antipatris, at a distance of 4 miles from the last stone, using units of 1700 m each.° In view of this kind of evidence, it is impossible to follow Eusebius' reckonings of distances by a measure showing common Roman the time of Hadrian, when new roads were built to serve the purposes of the army.° Milestones were found throughout Roman and Byzantine Palestine on main roads. They were placed there by the local Roman authority, the procurator of the province, who usually employed soldiers for the miles. It is essential to plot sites on the basis of what we know about Roman roads and miletask. The official stones were generally a column
1 RB (1926), 282-288.
2 John Wilkinson, Jerusalem Pilgrims before the Crusades (Warminster: Aris and Phillips, 1977), v.
3 Benjamin Isaac, "Milestones in Judaea, from Vespasian to Constantine," PEQ 110 (1978), 48-60.
4 Tsaac notes that the earlier milestones had Latin inscriptions, but Greek inscriptions were later added. This represented an early system of counting miles from military key-points. Milestones from the time of Septimius Severus (dated 194-210) used Greek, and counted miles from the six most important towns in the province. This system had a civilian character, that is, it was maintained by rather than for civilians. Isaac, ''Milestones...,"' 58.
5 Israel Roll and Etan Ayalon, "Roman Roads in Western Samaria," PEQ 118 (1986), 115-116.
I7/5
Ekdippa is 9 milestones from Ptolemais. Both stones in the province of Palestine, and quite sites are identified with certainty, so it is what
Eusebius states about distances that is most instructive here. On the basis of the known milestones north of Ptolemais, the first milestone would have been less than a mile from the city.
The last milestone, which is attested, is just south of Ekdippa, and is marked CCIV, 304 miles, meaning that the coastal highway was given a mileage from a city far from Palestine, and one should be careful of supposing that milestones started from the gates of the coastal cities themselves. There would have been 9 milestones between Ptolemais and Ekdippa, but the actual distance is a little over 9 Roman miles. specifically: in a particular area, with consideration to a particular stretch of road. The mile span may be anything between 1475 and 1700 m long.
Eusebius generally relied on milestones, not on actual measurements he had made himself. In the Onomasticon, towns and villages were, literally,
"out from," apo, a certain number of milestones.
Ainon, for example, is shown "out from 6 milestones from Scythopolis" (cf. Jerome who states that it is 'tat the eighth milestone''). This implies that he passed these milestones prior to arrival at his destination. Eusebius is not always so accurate. For example, Gabaon (66: 11) is defined as being to the west of Baithel, hos apo semeion a', literally "about out from four mileSometimes the milestones indicate a distance less than one would think. For example, Dan— also a securely-identified site—is '"'out from four milestones along the road to Tyre from Panias"
(Caesarea Philippi), also surely located. Dan is much closer than four miles (5.9-6.8 km) from Panias, in fact only 4.5 km as the crow flies. Given the position of the existing Roman milestone along the road, which appears to be the second from the city, the first milestone would have been quite close to Panias, meaning that the fourth milestone was close to Dan on the main road.
This would have resulted from the mileage being determined from Tyre rather than from Panias. stones," which means that you have to travel along the road from Bethel (Eusebius: Baithel) and you will find Gabaon somewhere around about the fourth milestone.
All identifications of sites on the basis of the Onomasticon must be dependent on our knowledge of the road system of Roman Palestine.
Fortunately, tremendous progress has been made in establishing the network of roads in this period, and consultation of the Onomasticon should really be made with maps showing these close at hand, most importantly the Tabula Imperii Romani
(TIR).° Detailed studies of the road system have greatly helped to determine the precise location of In the case of Dan we see that the subsidiary road is not counted. Where a village is positioned along a lane off a main road, but just beyond a milestone reference point, it is that point which will be noted by Eusebius, not a subsidiary road, no matter how long the road is. All we will have is apo, "out from," to indicate where we should leave the main road. In this case, identifications of certain sites will be dependent on other factors, sites.' What is still lacking, however, is a detailed synthesis of information on milestones. The last attempt at synthesis was a study by the German scholar P. Thomsen in 1917.8
It is misleading to read Eusebius' "milestones" as "miles," since counting milestones from a locality is not necessarily the same thing as counting miles. For example, Eusebius states that 6 Yoram Tsafrir, Leah di Segni and Judith Green, with contributions by Israel Roll and Tsvika Tsuk, Tabula Imperii Romani IudaeaPalestina: Eretz Israel in the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine Periods: Maps and Gazetteer (Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1994).
7 For these studies, see: F. M. Abel, "'La distance de Jerusalem a Emmaus," RB 34 (1925), 347-67; M. Avi-Yonah, Map; id. "The Devopment of the Roman Roads System in Palestine," JEJ 1 (1951), 54-60; Y. Aharoni, "The Roman Road to Elath," E/ 2 (1953),
114-117 (Heb.); Israel Roll, "The Roman Road Network in Eretz-Israel," Qadmoniot 9 (1976), 38-51 (Heb.); Roll and Ayalon,
"Roman Roads in Western Samaria"; Benjamin Isaac and Israel Roll, "A Milestone of A.D. 69 from Judaea: The Elder Trajan and Vespasian," JRS 66 (1976), 15-20; id. Roman Roads in Judaea I; The Legio—Scythopolis Road (Oxford: BAR, 1982); Adam Zertal,
"The Roman Road Caesarea-Ginae and the Location of Capercotani," PEQ 122 (1990), 21-33; Moshe Fisher, Benjamin Isaac and Israel Roll. Roman Roads in Judaea II: The Jaffa—Jerusalem Roads (Oxford: Tempus Reparatum/BAR, 1996).
8 P. Thomsen, ''Die romischen Meilensteine der Provinzen Syria, Arabia und Palastina," ZDPV 40 (1917), 1-103.
such as the surviving name of ruins or villages, archaeological finds dating the site to the time of Eusebius and so on. It should be remembered also
7 milestones between it and el-Bira, meaning that el-Bira was located 12 milestones along, but Beitin would have been about 15. that we do not know how Eusebius himself determined whether a site was to be identified with one mentioned in the Bible. It may have been on the basis of the name sounding similar, which As we have seen, Bethel is placed approximately 4 milestones away eastwards from Gabaon, which is fixed with some certainty to el-Jib.
On the basis of a Roman mile being between 1475 and 1700 m long, the range for the placement of the fourth milestone would be between 5900 and 6800 m from el-Jib if the first milestone from Gabaon lay a full mile away; though, as we have is often the case, or by local traditions. Neither of these criteria is foolproof. Even if we identify a place that Eusebius clearly thought of as a Biblical site, we still do not know for sure if Eusebius' identification was correct. seen, if the milestones were reckoned from another town than Gabaon, the first milestone could have been closer. The Palestine Exploration
Fund's Survey of Western Palestine map shows a track leading directly north from el-Jib to Rafat, which is part of the ancestor of the present Rafat—
In the case of Bethel/Baithel, for example, there is still some question about whether it should be identified with Beitin or with el-Bira.
The identification with Beitin was first made by Robinson in 1838, on the basis of similarsounding names, and is generally still accepted," though rejected by J. Bimson.'? In Eusebius' day,
Bethel was a small village, though Eusebius notes Ramallah road, and may follow the line of an old
Roman road. In Avi-Yonah's Map of Roman Palestine there is a small road marked on the same angle running south-west of Gabaon, and another running north-east of el-Bira, which continues more or less the same trajectory. It seems likely a number of other villages very exactly in this region along roadways that must have been minor, with milestones most likely of the most basic sort, without any inscriptions. He (or his source) seems to have known this small area very then that the Roman road, traversing the Ailia—
Neapolis road and the Ailia—Diospolis road did exist in the middle area between Gabaon and elwell. Eusebius relates the location of Bethel to the Ailia—Neapolis road, twice giving its distance from Jerusalem. Bethel is apparently on the right of the road going from Ailia to Neapolis (40:21,
Bira. It may in fact have followed a course to Eleutheropolis, but this can be only speculation on the basis of current evidence. The distance between el-Jib and el-Bira along the road is some
6200 m, which would make el-Bira a likely contender for the placement of Bethel unless only cf. 120:9; Jerome 7:1, correcting Eusebius 6:1; 41:
17, 121:10). This is consistent either with el-Bira or Beitin. Bethel is said to be 12 milestones distant from Jerusalem (Baithel 40: 20-21). Several milestones have been found on the Roman road stretching north from Jerusalem, and have been noted in the Avi-Yonah, Thomsen and T/R maps.
In this case the distances between the milestones and their location probably means that a standard
Roman mile was used of 1475 m. Moreover, the a maximal mile measurement were used along with a full mile distance for the first milestone.
Beitin, however, is 9400 m distant from el-Jib along this road, and even with the maximal mile length and a full first mile it would still be at least
5.5 miles away from Gabaon. This does not fit with what Eusebius writes.
In the entry for Biblical Ophra (Aphra 28: 4-5), Eusebius states there is a village named Aiphraim, fifth milestone is shown in Avi-Yonah's Map of Roman Palestine'' as lying just before the turn-off to the Beth Horon road. This allows for a further to the east of Bethel, '"'out from 5 milestones."
9 A. F. Rainey, "Letter to the Editor," Biblical Archaeology Review 14:5 (1988), 67-68.
10 J. J. Bimson, Redating the Exodus and Conquest (Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series 5; Sheffield
Department of Biblical Studies, University of Sheffield, 1978), 215-225; id., 2nd ed. (1981), 201-211; J. J. Bimson and D.
Livingstone, "Redating the Exodus," Biblical Archaeology Review 13:5 (1987), 40-53, 66-68 at pp. 46-48.
11 Compiled by M. Avi-Yonah and drawn under the Director, Department of Antiquities of Palestine, 1936, revised 1937 and 1946.
See M. Avi-Yonah, Historical Geography of Palestine from the End of the Bablyonian Exile up to the Arab Conquest, 3rd ed.
(Jerusalem: Bailik Institute, 1962).
Excavations at Khirbet Haiyan in the 1960s revealed some evidence of activity on the site from the first century A.D. onwards, though the Ophra has been identified as et-Taiyebeh, though in fact this is dependent on identifying Bethel with Beitin. Beitin is approximately 7 km from etTaiyebeh along an old road which actually curves north, and el-Bira is 10 km away. With the milestone range, that would mean the fifth milefirst stone buildings discovered were dated to the fifth century.'° In terms of what Eusebius writes, it means that you take the eastern road from Bethel and find Ailon three milestones along its way. If Eusebius' Bethel is el-Bira, then you get to Beitin within this range by following the northeastern road. It should be remembered that "east" stone lay between 7.375 and 8.5 km from Bethel, unless, again, the first milestone counted was. within a mile of the village, reducing the distance.
Therefore, on the basis of Beitin being Bethel, etTaiyebeh seems a good choice for Aiphraim.
However, this site is actually on the road between Jericho and Gophna, and it is surprising that in Eusebius refers to the eastern quarter, and can be north-east or south-east as easily as due east.
One takes the eastern road from a place, regardless if that road may wind north or south en route, and one goes in a more or less easterly
Eusebius does not define it in terms of milestones from Jericho, some of which have been identified. direction. Bethbeten, for example, is located at the eighth milestone eastwards of Ptolemais, but, if it
Further exploration of the ancient road systems in this area and a review of the identification of is Khirbet Ibtin (160241) it would have meant heading out on the eastern exit from Ptolemais but then going due south. sites in the vicinity would help to clarify the issues.
If el-Bira should be identified with the small village of Bethel Eusebius knew, then it is possible
This example shows, we hope, how a careful use of Eusebius can help in terms of debates regarding sites. Eusebius' identifications probably relied on local traditions that have long been lost.
While a village in his day might not have been located on exactly the same patch of ground where a Bronze or Iron Age town once stood, if the name of a site was retained in a village, then the chances are that this village lay somewhere in the close vicinity of the ancient site and that people believed there was direct continuity between their village and the town long gone. that Beitin could be Bethaun, which was apparently located close to Bethel and Ai (40: 22-3, 50:
24: 66: 8), opposite Machmas, though that may better fit Khirbet Haiyan, or it may be that it isa modern Arabic name bearing no relation to an ancient one, since Beitin means '"'a couple of houses," which were all that were on the site when
Robinson noted its existence. Another alternative, on the basis of what Eusebius writes, is to identify
Beitin with Ailom. In the entry to the Valley of Aialon, under Ailom (18: 13-16), the village of Ailon is said to be "'standing at a distance of three milestones east of Baithel"; Thompson" suggests, on linguistic grounds following Albright,'? that the original form of the name was Almon or Alameth/Alemeth, and suggests the identification with Khirbet 'Almit.
Likewise 77R identifies Ailamon with Khirbet 'Almit,'* though AviYonah identified it with Khirbet Haiyan.'° The following list summarises what Eusebius states about precise distances along the road system of fourth-century Palestine, and is provided as a tool for those who wish to consider the details of distances along Roman roads more closely.
12 H. O. Thompson, "Almon," in D. N. Freedman (ed.), The Anchor Bible Dictionary I (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 161.
13 W. F. Albright, "Alameth and Azmaveth,' AASOR 4 (1924), 156-157.
14 TIR, 60.
15 M. Avi-Yonah, Gazetteer of Roman Palestine (Qedem 5, Jerusalem: Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Carta, Jerusalem, 1976), 27.
16 J. A. Callaway and M. B. Nicol, "A Sounding at Khirbet Haiyan," BASOR 183 (1966), 12-19. J. A. Callaway, The Early Bronze
Age Sanctuary at Ai (et-Tell) No. I: A Report of the Joint Archaeological Expedition to Ai (et-Tell) (Colt Archaeological Institute
Publications; London, Bernard Quaritch, 1972), 4.
Summary of Distances Given by Eusebius along Roman Roads 4-6 Baithel: on the way from Ailia to Neapolis Baithel is on the left of the road about twelve milestones from Ailia (cf. Jerome, 5—7: ''on the way to Aelia from Neapolis Bethel is situated on the left...it is a small village').
Aialon [II]: lying at a distance of three milestones
east of Baithel (cf. Jerome, 19: "Further, the Hebrews assert that Aialon [III] is a village near
Nikopolis two miles away as they go to Aelia').
Anob: a village near Diospolis [I] at the fourth
Batoloua: two villages in the (province) of Batanaea lying 9 milestones away from each other between Adaron and the city of Abile. milestone to the east, which is called Betoannaba (cf. Jerome, 21: '"'Even up to today there is a village near Diospolis [I] about four milestones to the east which is called Bet Oannaba.
Many say it lies eight milestones from there and Arbo: [Chebron is] 22 milestones south of Ailia. is called Bethannabam'').
Bethagla: three milestones from Jericho, and about two milestones from the Jordan.
Aksaph: small village of Chsalous in the plains near Mount Thabor 8 milestones from Diocae-
Azer: village eight milestones away from Philasarea. delphia in the west.
Ammathous: a village in Lower Peraea, twenty-
one milestones southwards of Pella.
Astaroth: lies about six milestones from Adraa [I], a city of Arabia, in the [region] of Batanaea.
Bethanin: village two milestones from Terebinthos [I], four from Chebron.
Adraa [II]: 25 milestones from Bostra [I].
Arad: a village at the fourth milestone from Adolam: a very large village about ten milestones
to the east of Eleutheropolis.
Malaathos, 20 from Chebron.
Bethasan: village within the borders of Ailia, in Akrabbein: a very large village 9 milestones in the
eastern direction from Neapolis on the way down to the Jordan as far as Jericho through what is called Akrabattine. the west, 15 milestones away.
Anaia [I]: a very large village of Jews so called in Daroma nine milestones south of Chebron.
Arad: village at the fourth milestone from Malaathos, 20 milestones away from Chebron
Atarouth: village about four miles away from
Sebaste [I], in the north. to the south.
Aser [IV]: a village on the way down from
Arbela [III]: village in the great plain, situated 9
Neapolis to Scythopolis fifteen milestones along the highway. milestones from Legio.
Araba [III]: village at the third milestone west of
Anathoth: near Ailia, at around the third mileScythopolis. stone.
Argob: a village near the city of Gerasa in Arabia
Aiphraim [I]: village near Baithel, five milestones about 15 milestones away to the west, which is to the east. called Erga.
B79
Bethel: a village 12 milestones away from Ailia 28 Anoua [II]: village at the tenth milestone on the way from Neapolis to Ailia. on the way to Neapolis, on the right.
Bethlehem: six milestones away from Ailia on the 28 Chsalous: village in the plain near Mount Thabor, eight milestones east of Diocaesarea. southern side, on the Chebron road, where the tomb of Jesse and David is pointed out.
28 Aphraia: village six miles from Legio in the dd Bethnambris: village about 5 milestones from Libias, in the north. north.
30 Baitoanaia: village fifteen milestones from Caesarea [Philippi], in the eastern parts, lying in the mountains, where it is said there are medicinal baths.
44-46 Beelmaous of Arabia: very large village situated 9 milestones from Esbos.
Beroth: pointed out 10 milestones from the city of Petra at the top of the mountain.
30 Ekdippa: nine milestones from Ptolemais on the way to Tyre.
Bounos Akrobustion: a place in Galgal at which
Joshua circumcised the people, at the second milestone from Jericho, where the stones which were brought from the Jordan are shown.
32 labis: very large town on the other side of the Jordan, six milestones away from the city of Pella on the way to Gerasa.
Bethoron: two villages about twelve miles from
32 Aroueir [II]: village 6 miles from Ailia in the mountain to the north (cf. Jerome, 33: "Today it is a village [Aruir IT] situated in the mountain twenty milestones from Aelia to the north").
Ailia on the road to Nikopolis. One is called Upper Bethoron...(cf. Jerome, 47: "There are two hamlets about two miles from Aelia for those going down from Nicopolis. One is called
Upper Bethoron, which Solomon built, and the other Lower Bethoron, which was given into the possession of the Levites'').
32 Abela [I]: vine-growing village 6 miles from Philadelphia (cf. Jerome, 33: ""Now up to the present day there is a village called Abela [I] seven milestones from Filadelfia planted with vineyards'').
Bethphogor: near the mountains of Phogor, opposite Jericho, six miles above Libias.
Isimouth: village opposite Jericho, lying 10 miles 32 Abela [II=Arbela I]: the wine-bearing, famous city at a distance of 12 milestones east of Gadara. away south towards the Dead Sea.
Beroth: a village near Ailia 7 milestones away on the way to Nikopolis.
34 Aendor: very large village near to Mount Thabor, about four milestones away to the south.
Bethagla: a village 10 milestones from Eleutheropolis on the way to Gaza, called Agla.
34 Bethmaela: a village in Aulon, ten milestones from Scythopolis.
Bethaglaim:
8 milestones away [Jerome, 49:
"from Gaza''], by the sea.
36 Aigalleim: village eight milestones south of Areopolis.
Kariathiareim: village on the way down to Diospolis [I], about 10 milestones from Ailia.
Bersabee: a very large village 20 milestones away 40 Ainon: pointed out 8 milestones south of Scythopolis near Saleim and the Jordan. from Chebron southwards.
Bethaphou: a village 14 milestones on the other Gazara: a village of Nikopolis 4 milestones from 66-68 side of Raphia on the way to Egypt. it in the north.
Bethsoro: a village 20 milestones from Ailia on Geth: a village not far from Eleutheropolis near
the way to Chebron.
Diospolis [I], near the fifth milestone from Eleutheropolis.
Bethsour [II]: in the tribe of Judah [one milestone from Eleutheropolis] (cf. Jerome, 53: 'There is another village of Bethsur [I] in the tribe of Judah a thousand paces away from EleutherGalgoulis: a village around the sixth milestone
from Antipatris, in the northern parts. opolis'').
Gedrous: a very large village 10 milestones away
from Diospolis [I] on the way to Eleuthero-
Bethbeten: a village at the eighth milestone eastwards of Ptolemais. polis.
Gabe [II]: a small town about 16 milestones from
Batanaia: a village 15 milestones from Caesarea Caesarea [Philippi].
[Philippi], in which there are said to be medicinal baths.
Gethremmon: a very large village 12 milestones
from Diospolis [I] on the way to Eleuthero-
Two villages of Bezek: close to one another 17 polis. milestones away from Neapolis on the way to Scythopolis.
Gabatha [II]: a village about 12 milestones from
Eleutheropolis, where also the tomb of the Prophet Habakkuk is shown.
Bethsames:
10 milestones from Eleutheropolis eastwards to Nikopolis.
Gelbous: 6 milestones from Scythopolis, in which
Bera [II]: village 8 milestones from Eleutheropolis there is a village.
in the northern parts.
Geba: village 5 milestones from Gouphnon on
the way to Neapolis.
Bethmacha (cf. Jerome, 57: "eight milestones from Eleutheropolis on the way to Aelia, a Dan: village four milestones from Panias along
village now called Machamim''). the road to Tyre.
Baithsarisa: in the borders of Diospolis [I] 15
Dannea: village eight milestones [from Areopolis
milestones from Thamnitike towards the north. for those going to the Arnon, and another
Danaba [II] on Mount Phogor] seven miles from Esbos (cf. Jerome, 77).
Baithakath: a village of Samaria, fifteen miles 56-58 away from Legio in the great plain.
Dothaeim: within the borders of Sebaste [I], and
Bethania: a village at the second milestone from
is at a distance of 12 milestones from this [city], Ailia, on the flank of the Mount of Olives. in the northern parts.
Gerara: beyond Daroma, 25 milestones from
Dor: near Caesarea [Maritima] in Palestine 9 Eleutheropolis to the north. milestones from Tyre, now deserted.
Galgala/Golgol: the desert place, at about the
Douma: a very large village now in Daroma, in second milestone from Jericho. the borders of Eleutheropolis, about 17 mileGabaon: a village called by this name near
stones away.
Baithel, about 4 milestones west.
Thaiman: village about five milestones away 96 from Petra, where a garrison is stationed.
Daidan: in Phainon, about 4 milestones north.
Ephratha: right beside the road is where Rachel is
Thanak: 4 milestones from Legio.
buried, 4 (Jerome, 83: "'five'") milestones from Jerusalem, in what is called the Hippodrome.
Thena: village ten milestones to the east of 98 Neapolis on the way down to the Jordan.
Esbous: a famous city of Arabia, in the moun-
tains lying opposite Jericho, about twenty milestones away from the Jordan.
Thala: very large village of Jews, about sixteen 98 miles from Eleutheropolis in the Daroma.
Adra [I]: a famous city of Arabia, twenty-four
Thaanach: very large village three milestones 100 from Legio. milestones from Bostra [I].
Eleale: a very large village, not more than one
Thebes: village in the borders of Neapolis at the 100 mile from Esbous. thirteenth milestone from Scythopolis.
Eglom: a very large village 10 milestones east of
labok: flows between Amman, that is, Philadel102 Eleutheropolis. phia, and four milestones from Gerasa, and then goes on to mingle with the Jordan.
Ephraim: very large village about 20 milestones
from Ailia, on the northern border. lazer: city of the Amorites 10 milestones west of 104
Philadelphia, now in Peraea in Palestine beyond the Jordan; 15 milestones away from Essebon.
Thekoua: a village of Ailia, 12 milestones east (cf.
Jerome, 87: '"'Today the village of Thecua is nine milestones south of Aelia').
Ierimouth: some 4 milestones away from 106 Eleutheropolis near the village of Esthaol.
Edouma: village in the Akrabattine, about twelve
milestones east of Neapolis.
Iedna: about 6 milestones from Eleutheropolis on 106 Esthaol:
10 milestones from Eleutheropolis northwards on the way to Nikopolis.
the way to Chebron.
Hiermochos: village 10 milestones from Eleuther106 Eremmon: a very large village of Jews sixteen
opolis on the way to Ailia. miles from Eleutheropolis southwards in the Daroma.
Ietheira: very large village about 20 milestones 108 from Eleutheropolis, wholly [composed] of Enkela: 7 milestones from Eleutheropolis.
Christians, in Daroma, near Malatha.
Ziph: a village in the Daroma within the borders
lanoua: village three milestones south of Legio.
of Eleutheropolis near Chebron, about 8 milestones to the east.
Iettan: very large village of Jews about 18 108 milestones south of Eleutheropolis in Daroma.
Zia: village about 15 milestones to the west of
Philadelphia. lano: village in the Akrabattine, 12 milestones 108 east of Neapolis.
Elath: 10 milestones east of Petra.
Iabeis Galaad: a village across the Jordan 6 110 milestones from the city of Pella, lying in the mountain on the way to Gerasa.
Henadab: village near the tenth milestone along
on the way from Eleutheropolis to Ailia.
Machmas: a very large village within the borders Karnaia: (Jerome, 113: ""Above we have men-
tioned Carnaea [II] as a village nine milestones from Aelia.'') of Ailia about 9 milestones from Rama [I].
Mount Nabau: pointed out at the sixth milestone
Kariatha: a wholly Christian village, near Medaeastwards of Esbos. ba, a city of Arabia, 10 milestones west of Medaba near Bare.
Nabau [II]: pointed out as a deserted place, 8
milestones southwards of Esbos.
Kela: a village east of Eleutheropolis on the way to Chebron, about 8 milestones away; and the tomb of the prophet Habakkuk is pointed out in the same place.
Naphethdor: nine milestones from Caesarea (Jerome, 137: "'on the way to Ptolemais'').
Nasib: 9 milestones (Jerome, 137: "'seven mile-
Kariathiareim: between Ailia and Diospolis [I], stones'') from Eleutheropolis towards Chebron. lying on the road 9 milestones from Ailia.
Noorath: a village of Jews 5 milestones from
Kudissos: 20 milestones from Tyre, lying near Jericho.
Paneas.
138-140 Nazareth: in Galilee opposite Legio, about 15
milestones away to the east near to Mount Thabor.
Kammona: village in the great plain, 6 milestones from Legio, in the north, on the way to Ptolemais.
Naein: 12 milestones (Jerome, 141: "two mile-
stones'') south of Thabor near Aendor.
Chermala: village at the tenth milestone from
Chebron to the east, where a garrison is
Oullama: (Jerome, 141: '"'a certain village') 12 stationed. milestones east of Diocaesarea.
Louza [I]: lying beside Suchem at the 9th mile-
Roob [II]: a village at the fourth milestone from stone from Neapolis.
Scythopolis.
Lacheis: a village 7 milestones south of Eleuther-
Ramoth: (Jerome, 143: "a village') 15 milestones opolis on the way to Daroma. to the west of Philadelphia.
Maschana: on the Arnon 12 milestones east of
Remmon [II]: a village near Aila 15 milestones Medaba. away in the north.
Makeda: 8 milestones east of Eleutheropolis.
Rama [I]: 6 milestones north of Ailia opposite Baithel.
Merrous: village 12 milestones from Sebaste [I]
near Dothaeim.
[Saloumias]: (Jerome, 153: "eight milestones from Scythopolis, a hamlet in the plain is called
Salumias.'')
Maresa: now a deserted site about 2 milestones from Eleutheropolis.
Magdalsenna: (Jerome, 153: '"'a village') at the Magdiel [II]: a large village 5 milestones from
eighth milestone northwards of Jericho.
Dor on the way to Ptolemais.
Saraa: a village within the borders of EleutherMaanith: village 4 milestones from Esbos on the
opolis towards the north, about 10 milestones away on the way to Nikopolis. way to Philadelphia.
Saaleim [II]: village within the borders of Eleutheropolis in the west, about 7 milestones away.
156 Sokchoth [II]: two villages on the way from Eleutheropolis to Ailia at the ninth milestone, one above, one below.
Gophna: translated as vine, 15 milestones from 156 Selo [II]: 12 (Jerome, 157: "'ten'') milestones from Neapolis in the Akrabattine.
Ailia on the road to Neapolis.
| Chorazein: deserted village, two milestones away 156 Soulem: village 5 milestones south of Mount
Thabor. from Kapharnaoum. were compiled by Joan Taylor on the basis of the Milestones are linked to the main roads from the main cities of Palestine: Eleutheropolis, Legio, site information given in the Annotated Index and the final product is the result of labours and resources of the expert cartographers at Carta.
The names given by Avi-Yonah appear in light grey behind those mentioned by Eusebius, and Ailia, Scythopolis, Neapolis, Nikopolis, Ptolemais, Diocaesarea, Caesarea
Philippi, Jericho, Diospolis, Chebron, Caesarea Maritima, and sometimes also to large cities outside Palestine, reflect the different spellings and nomenclature found in the sources. such as Tyre. However, not all roads are known, and on some there are no surviving milestones to These maps are a visual aid to the reading of Eusebius' Onomasticon. The Biblical site name is preferred over the Roman place-name, in accordance with the procedure of the Annotated Index.
Many small roads which may date to the Roman period have not been reproduced, and still require further study. indicate how distances are reckoned.
The maps at the end of this volume synthesize details of the road system relevant to Eusebius'
Onomasticon, using especially the evidence found in M. Avi-Yonah's Gazetteer of Roman Palestine, with additional information from P. Thomsen,
ZDPV (1917), Avi-Yonah's Map of Roman Palestine, and the TIR, all cited above. The drafts
GENERAL INDEX OF PLACES
Abt Hawam, Tell, see Acrabbim, see Akrabbein 17, 108 Acrabbitene, see Akrabbein 17,
Adullam, see Adolam
Adummim, The Ascent of, see Labanath
Abu Hureireh, Tell, see Adommim 105 Adummin, see Adommim 21, 105 Gerara
Abu Khinan, K fer, see Chelon
Abu Qedeis, Tell, see Kades Acrabeta, see Akrabbein
Acrabetta, see Akrabbein
Aalac, see Mount Alak
Aares, see Asedek
Abana, see Abena
Abareim
Abarim, see Abareim
"Abbad, Khirbet, see SokchoI
'Abdeh, Khirbet, see Abdon
Abdon 24, 104 Abel, see Abile
and Bethmacha
Abela I (in Ammon), see Abel of Aefraim, see Aiphraim II 24, 108 Acrabittena, see Akrabbein 62, Aegalim, see Agalleim 27, 106 87, 108 Aela, see Ailam 14, 106 Aelam 14, 106 II
Abu Retmeh, Wady, see Acrabittene, see Akrabbein 52, 88, 108 Aelia, see Ailia 3, 13, 19, 22, 23, Sabeim
Abu Seleimeh, Tell, see Acre, see Akcho Acroceraunia
24, 25, 26.297 3031533, 35537.
38, 42, 45, 51, 54, 55 57, 58, 59, Lobon
Abu Selima, Tell, see 62, 64, 65, 68, 72, 73, 80, 86, 96, 172-3, 179-83 Aelim I, see Ailim 15, 107 Aelim II, see Aileim 28, 107 Aelmon, see Ailmon 23, 107 Acsaf, see Aksaph 20, 108 Adad, City of, see Bethfogor Oe, Bethaphou
Abu Shusheh, Tell, see Gazer
Adama I (Admah) 14, 105 Adama II 6, 28, 105 Adamah, see Adami Adami 25, 105 the Vineyards 26, 104, 180 Abela II (in Gilead), see Arbela
Abt Sifri, Tell, see
Aeloth, see Ailath 27, 106 T -26, 112; 180 Abela III (Damascene) Abel-beth-maacah, see Abelmaelai
Aelus, see Ailous 15, 107 Aemath I, see Aimath I 21, 107 Aemath II 21, 107 26, 104
Abid Sis, Tell, see Abelmaelai Abu Sus, Tell, see Abelmaelai
Adami, Tel, see Ademmei Adami-negeb, see Ademmei
Adami-nekeb, see Ademmei_
Adar, see Ataroth III 23, 116
Bethmacha
and Saleim
Abu Tabagq, Khirbet, see Aemes, see Aims 24, 107 Abel Beth-Ma'achah, see Aena, see Ainan 14, 108 Aenam, see Ainan 14, 108 Bethmacha
Maddei
Abu Tellul el-Medbah, see Adara, see Adaron 13, 105 Adaron 13, 105, 179 Abel-hash-shittim, see Aenda, see Ainda 27, 108 Aendor (in Jezreel) 26, 55, 77, Abelsittein
Abel-keramim, see Abel of the Ethnan
Abu Zeitun, Tell, see Gethremmon
"Adas, Khirbet, see Adasa 106, 167, 180, 183 Aenioth 29, 106 Adasa 22, 105 'Adase, see Adasa
Addar, see AddaraI
Addar, see Archiatatoth AddaraI 21, 105, 170 Vineyards
Abelmaelai 27, 104 Abelmain, see Abelmea
Accarca, see Akarka 21, 108 Aenon, see Ainon 29, 108 Aermon 15, 20, 21, 33, 72, 106 Aesimon, see Asemona 15, 115 Accho, see Akcho 24, 108
2a Abelmaula, see Abelmaelai Acco, see Akcho
Aceldama, see Akeldama 29, 59,
Abelmea 27, 104 Abel Meholah, see Addara II 21, 105 'Addase, Khirbet, see Adasa_
Ademme, see Ademmei 25, 105 Ademmei 25, 105 Aetham, see Bouthan 32, 123
Aethan, see Aitham I 29, 108 Aetherim, see Antharim 15, 110 Aethon Adasai, see Aeththan Achad 12, 104 Abelmaelai
Achalgai, see Aie 15, 106 Achaseloth, see Acheseloth 24,
Abel-mizraim, see Halon Ader!
20, 105 Atad
Adasai 26, 106 Ader II 31, 105 Aeththan Adasai 26, 106 Abel of the Vines, see Abel of the Acheldamach, Field of, see
"Ader, Khirbet el-, see Ader I Adia 22, 105, 168 Vineyards 26, 104 Abel of the Vineyards 26, 104, 168 Afarea, see Aphraim II 24, 111 Afec I, see Aphek II (in Akeldama 59, 104, 108 Achelgai, see Aie 15, 106 Sharon) 20, 111 Afec II, see Aphek I (in Asher) 25, Adiathain 22, 105, 168 Abelsattein 16, 104, 166 Acheseloth 6, 24, 104 Achor 19, 21, 104, 169 Adida, see Aditha
Abelsattim, see Abelsattein 16, 104 26, 111 Afeca I (in Gilead) 21, 111 Afeca II (in Judaea), see Aditha 22, 105 Adithaim, see Adiathain 22, 105 Admah, see Adama I
Admm [Egyptian], see Abel-shittim, see Abelsattein
Achor, Valley of, see Achor 19, Abelsittim, see Abelsattein 16, 104 Abena 27, 104 50, 104
Aphaka 23, 111 Afeq, Tel, see Aphek I Achor Vallis, see Achor Abenezer 26, 104
Achran 24, 104 Achsaf, see Aksaph 24, 108 Achsaph 24, 108
Ademmei
Adna, see Asenna I Adolam 22, 105, 179 Adollam, see Adolam 22, 105 Adommim 21, 105 Abil, Tel, see Bethmacha
and Aphek II
Afesdomim, see Aphesdomeim
Abila, see Abile 13, 104 and Abela III
Achshaph, see Aksaph
Achzeib (in Judaea) 22, 105 Achzeiph 25, 105 Achzib I (in Asher), see
Abila, see Bethmacha Abile 13, 104, 179 "Affuleh, el-, see Arbela III
Afiq, see AfecaT
Adra I, see AdraalI 16, 106 Abil el-Qamh, see Bethmacha Abor 27, 104 Abraham, Tomb of 13, 70 Abronah, see Ebrona
Abu Ghosh, see Kariath Abu Hamid, Ras, see Adra II, see Adaron 16, 50, 106, Afni, see Aphnei 24, 111 Achzeiph
Adraal 16, 106 Afra, see Aphra 23, 111 'Afrabala, see Arbela III
Achzif, see Achzeiph 25, 105 'Acraba, see Akrabbein
Acrabbein, see Akrabattine
Acrabbi, see Akrabbein 17, 108 'Afula, see Arbela III
Adraa II, see Adaron 16, 106, 179 Adramelech 27, 106 Afusoth, see Aophsith 27, 111 Agad, see Algad 21, 108 Giththam
Adria, see Adraal
'Anab, Khirbet, see Anob
Anabasis purron—'Ascent of Almon, see Ailmon 107, 178 'Ain el-Kezbe, see Chasbi
Agade, see Achad Agalleim 27, 106 Almon-diblathaim, see Gelmon
'Ain el-Qudeirat, see Kades I Flames" (Greek), see Adommim Deblathaeim 133 Alon Atad, see Halon Atad
'Ain et-Taqa, see Theko
Aingaddon, see Engaddi
Agallim, see Agalleim 27, 106 Ager fullonis, see Agros 28, 106 Aggai 13, 106, 166 Agheidira, Wadi, see Ressa Agla 34, 106, 180 Aglab, Tell el-, see Halon 22, 105 'Anab el-Kabir, Khirbet, see Alon Bakuth, see Balanus 'Ain Hawara, see Merra
Anob
'Anab es-Seghireh, Khirbet, see Penthous
Aloth 29, 69, 108
'Ain Héd , see Sams I
'Ain Hudra, see Aseroth
Anob
Aloua 14, 109 Aloulos, see Eloul
'Ain Husb, see Asasan Thamar 114 Anae, see AnaiaI
'Ainitha, see Enasor
Atad
Anaea, see AnaiaI
Anaea, see Anaia II
Anaeogaua 28, 110 Anaharath, see Anerth AnaiaI 7, 23, 110, 179 Anaia II 23, 110 Anaia III, see Bethanatha 36, 110, Alouros, see Eloul
"Alous, see AilonI 25, 107, 109 Alph 24, 109 'Ain Jalud, see Ared
16, 106 Agri, see Agrou Skopia Agrippina, see Jermoth
Agros tou Gnapheos 28, 106 Agrou Skopia 16, 106 Agzif, see Achzeiph 22, 105 Ahlab, see Chalab
'Ain Jidi, see Engaddi
'Ain Jinne, see Enganna
Alula, see Eloul 51, 128
'Ain Khadra, see Aseroth Alulos, see Eloul
'Ain Khudra, see Aseroth Alus, see Ailon I 25, 107
'Ain Muweilih, see Enna Ainon 29, 108, 176, 180 'Ain Qedeis, see Addara I
Alush, see Ailous
Ai, see Aggai 13, 106, 178 Aia 27, 106 Aialim 26, 106 Aialin (in Zebulon) 25, 106 Aialon I, see Ailom 19, 106, 107 Aialon II, see Ailon TT 19, 106,
Anameel 28, 110 Anammelech, see Anemelech Alvah, see Aloua_
Amaad, see Amod
Amad, see Amod_
Amalek 64, 109 Amalek, the Mountain of 94, 109 'Ain Qeseimah, see Akarka and
Asemona 108, 115 'Anata, see Anathoth
Anathon 24, 110 Anathoth 23, 110, 179 Anea I, see AnaiaI 23, 110 Anea II, see Anaia II 23, 110 Anea III, see Bethanatha 36, 120 Anegb 26, 110 Aneiel 24, 110, 169, 170 'Ain Shems, see Bethsamus
Aiphraim I (in Benjamin), see Amalekitis 18, 109 Amam 22, 109 'Amar, Tell, see Arisoth Amarchabob 24, 35, 109 Amata 23, 109 Amath I (in Naphtali) 25, 109 Amath II (in Asher), see Aphra_ 23, 111 Aiphraim II (in Issachar) 24, 108
LOPE GTS W787 179
19, 107, Aialon III, see Ailon I
Aisia 27, 108 Aitham I 29, 108 Aitham II, see Bouthan 32, 123
Aian 27, 106 Aiath, see Aueim II Aie 15, 106, 166 Aigalleim, see Agalleim 28, 106,
'Ajjul, Tell el-, see Bethaglaim
Aneim, see AnaiaI 7, 23, 110 Anemelech 27, 110 Anen, see AnaiaI 23, 110 'Ajjuri, Khirbet el-, see Amod 24, 109 Sachoran
Aijalon (in Dan), see Ailon I Aijalon (in Zebulon), see
'Amatho, see Aimath I Amathus, see Aimath I 'Ajlan, Khirbet, see Agla Akarka 21, 108 Akcho 24, 108
21, 107 Aneon, see AnaiaI 23, 110 Anereth, see Anerth 24, 110 Amecassis, see Amekassis 23, 109 Aialin
Anerth 24, 110 Aneugaua, see Anaeogaua 28, 110 Amekassis 23, 109 Ameth, see Aimath II 27, 107 Ake, see Akcho
Akeldama 5. 29, 108, 169, 171-4 Aijalon, Valley of, see Ailom
Aila, see Ailath 13, 14, 18, 27, 40, Anhrt, see Anerth
AmmalI_ 235, 109 Amma II 26, 109 Ammah, Hill of, see Amma II
Amman _ 16, 18, 21, 54, 60, 71, Akhziv, Tel, see Achzeiph
Akkad, see Achad
92, 106 Aniel, see Aneiel 24, 110 Anim, see Aneim and Anaia II 23, Ailam, see Aelam 14, 106
Akkar, Plain of, see Emath II Akkaron 20, 44, 108, 169-70 Akko, see Akcho
Akko, Tel, see Akcho
Akrabattine 17, 52, 62, 87, 88, Ailamon, see Ailmon 107, 178
Ailas 27, 106 'Anim, Horvat, see Anaia II
109, 182 Ammata, see Amata 23, 109 'Ammata, see Ammathous
Ammatha, see Emmatha 21, 128 Ammathar (in Zebulon) 24, 109 Ammathous, see AimathI 21, 107 'Ammathous, see Amath I
Ammoenia 24, 109 Ammoenium, see Ammoenia 24, Ailath 14, 27, 106 Aileim 28, 107 and Aneim
'Anim, Nahal, see Sabe IT
Ailia 3, 13, 19, 22, 24, 25, 26, 30, 'Anin, see Aneiel
108, 182, 184 31, 33, 35, 38, 42, 45, 51, 54, 55, Annegeb, see Anegb 26, 110 Anob 20, 120, 179 Anoual 24, 110 Anoua II 24, 110, 180 Antakiyeh, see Antioch Antakya, see Antioch Akrabbein 17, 108, 168 Aksaph 20, 108, 179 57, 59, 62, 64, 65, 68, 72, 73, 80, 86, 93, 96, 107, 167-70, 174, 177, 179-84 Ailim 15, 107 Ailmon 23, 107 Ailom 19, 107, 178 Ailon I 25, 107 Ailon II 19, 107 Ailoth, see Ailath 27, 106 Ailous 15, 107 Aimath I 21, 107 Aimath II, see Aemath II 'Al, el-, see Eleale
Alae 27, 108
Alak, Mount 20, 108
Ammon I, see Amman 21, 74, 81, Alaoth, see Aloth 29, 108 Antharim 15, 110, 166 Antilebanon, see Antilibanos 'Alein, see Ailon I
Ammon II (in Asher) 24, 109 Ammonites, The, see ey 'Alein, Deir, see Ielon Antilibanos 19, 111 'Aleiyan, see Kademoth
Antilibanus, see Antilibanos 19, Wi Alemeth, see Ailmon 107, 178 Ommein
'Ammonus Kolonia, see Alexandria 2, 170 Antioch 73, 81, 111 Antioch in Syria, see Antioch Antioch near Daphne, see 27, 81, Alexandrion, see Sarthan
Amsa_
Amod 24, 109 Amos, Tomb of
'Amqa, see Bethaemek
Aleyan, see Chelon
Algad 21, 108 90, 107 Aimath III, see Emath I 21 128 Antioch
Alimelech 24, 108 Aims 24, 107 Antioch on the Orontes, see 'Alin, Khirbet, see Gelon
Ain, see Asenna II
eMin 1 2252452) 58,80, 81, 107
Antioch
'Amr, Tell el-, see Arisoth and Olo
Antipatris, see Aphek IT (in 'Amri, Khirbet el-, see Roob 'Alin, Khirbet Wady, see Ailon 'Ain II, see Bethanin 22, 62, 120 Sharon) 42, 44, 111, 169, 175-6, III
Lie a 'Ain Defiye, see Ebrona
Antoniniana, see Aphek II_
Anua I, see AnouaI 24, 110, 111 Anua II, see Anoua II 24, 110, Amsa_ 24, 109 and Ielon
Allammelech, see Alimelech Ainan 14, 108
'Amta, see Ammathous
'Ainata, see Enasor
Ainda 27, 108 'Amtah, Tell, see Ammathous
Amugdalon, see Baithel 30, 117 Ana-Asshur-utirpasbat, see Alle, see Alae 27, 108 Allus, see Aloua_ 14, 109 'Ain el-Arik, see Archiataroth
Anuathu Borcaeus, see Anoua
'Almi, Khirbet el-, see Azeca 'Ain el-Gharabeh, see 107, Phathoura I 150 'Almit, Khirbet, see Ailmon Betharaba
Anab, see Anob 23, 110
'Ain el-Kalb, see Sennanein
Aofsithe, see Aophsith 27, 111 Aophsith 27, 111 Aphaka (in Judaea) 23, 111 Apharaea, see Arbela II]
Apharaema, see Aphra_
"Aphariym, see Arbela IIT
Apheca, see Afeka I (in Archi-Ataroth, see and Asenna IT Asan I [in Judaea] Asan II [in Simeon]
Asion Gaber, see Ailath 27, 106, Archiataroth
Archiataroth 23, 112 Areaatad, see Halon Atad 14, 135 Area Ornae, see Halon Orna 26,
Arebba 23, 112 Ared 25, 113 Arem 24, 113 22, 114, 168
24, 114 Asiongaber, see Ailath 27, 106 Askalon, see Ascalon 22, 26, 87, OOS 24, 114 Asar, see Asarsoual Asarenan 17, 114 'Askar, see Suchar
Asarsoual 22, 114 LOE ATS:
22, 114 Asarsual, see Asarsoual Asasan Thamar 14, 114 Asasonthamar, see Asasan Askelon, see Ascalon Gilead)
Aphek I (in Asher) 26, 106 Aphek II (in Sharon) 20, 111 Aphek III (in Gilead), see Afeka 'Aslin, see Asna_
Asna (in Judaea) 22, 115 Areopolis 15, 28, 46, 48, 69, 79, Thamar 14, 114 Asochis, see Anathon
113, 166, 169, 180-1 Ares 255113 Ascalon, see Askalon 2, 21, 22, Asor I (in Naphtali) 19, 25, 51, 1S Asor II 19, 115, 166 I
Apheka, see Afeca I Aphekah, see Aphaka Aphesdomeim 26, 111 Aphiq, see Aphek I
Aphnei 24, 111 Aphousoth, see Aophsith 27, 111 Aphra 23, 111, 177 Aphraia, see Aiphraim II 24, 108 and Arbela III 112, 180 "Aqab, Kefr, see Archiataroth "Aqaba, see Ailath
"Aqabah, see Ailath
"Aqrabah, see Akrabbein 26, 87, 92, 115, 166 Askalon 19, 21, 22, 26, 87, 92, 115 Ascent of Adummim, The, see 21, 106 Ares II 28, 113 Arethusa, see Aphek II
Arfad, see Arphad 28, 114 Arga, see Erga 18, 129 Argob I 18, 113 Argob II, see Erga
Asor III, see Enasor 55, 115, 128 Adommim
Ascent of Beth-horon, see Asphalt, Sea of, see Araba, Sea of 58, 111 Bethoron
Asphaltis, Lake, see Araba, Sea Iles), WAY, SG) of
Ascent of Flames, The, see Aria, see Ieria
Adommim
Asphaltites lacus, see Araba, Sea
Ariel 28, 113 Ascent of Gur, The, see Ger "'Asqalan, see Askalon
Arim, see Arem 24, 113 Arima 25, 81, 113 Ascent of Heres, The, see
Ares
Assaremoth, see Asademoth 28,
Arimathaea, see Armathem Acent of Horonaim, The, see Seipha 26, 81, 113, 114 Arimathaia, see Armathem Aroneiem 114 Ascent of the Blood-Stains Assour, see AsorI 27, 115
Pap, Assur, see AsorI 27, 115 Ar, see Areopolis 15, 113 Arab, see Ereb
ArabaI 16, 18, 111, 168 Araba II 18, 111 Araba III 18, 111, 179 Araba, Sea of 21, 111 Arabah Moab, see Araboth
Seipha 26, 81, 113, 114 Assyria 49, 115 Arina 28, 113 Ascent of the Reds, see Assyrians, Land of the, see
Adommim 22, 105 Asdod 20, 21, 114 'Arish, el-, see Rhinokoroura Assyria 97, 115 Arisoth 25, 113 Astaroth I, see Astaroth Arith 26, 113, 168 Aseddim, see Asedeim 25, 114 Karnaein 6, 115, 179 'Arjan, see Erga
Arkem, see Petra 27, 114 Arma 26, 114 Armathem, see Armathem Asedec, see Asedek 28, 114 Asedeim 25, 114 Astaroth II 16, 115 Astaroth Carnaim, see Astaroth Moab
Arabia 4, 15,16, 18, 21, 32, 39, 40, Asedek 28, 114 Asedoth I 18, 114 Karnaein 16, 115 Astaroth Karnaein 13, 115 48, 50, 59, 60, 63, 64, 67, 70, 72, Peo Os G2 a9os ld alT9ESO:
Asedoth II 19, 115 Seipha 88, 114 Armathem Seipha 26, 114 Armathem Sofim, see Armathem Astaroth Karnaim, see Astaroth Asedoth Fasga 18, 115 Asedoth Phasgo, see Asedoth Karnaein 13, 16, 115 182-3 Astaroth Karneim, see Astaroth Fasga 18, 115 Araboth Moab 16, I11 Arad 17, 25, 111, 166, 179 "Arad, Tel, see Arad
Seipha 26, 114 Armenia 12, 28, 49, 81, 114 Karnaein 64, 115 Astaroth Sophar 17, 116 Asthaol 22, 116 Asthemo 23, 116, 169 Asthemoe, see Asthemo 23, 116 Asel 28, 115 Asemon, see Asemona
'Ar Moab, see Areopolis
Arnon 15, 16, 20, 32, 46, 54, 60, Asemona_ 15, 17, 115, 167 Asenna I (in Judaea) 22, 115 Asenna II (in Simeon) 24, 115 'Asephen, see Saphon
"Arad, Tell, see Arad
'Araj, el-, see Bethsaida I 122 70, 71, 75, 114, 169-70, 181 Arnonas, see Arnon 15, 114 Aroer [in Moab], see
"Arak el-Kharab, see Sennaan Aram-zobah, see Souba_
Astho, see Asthaol 22, 116
'Asti, Jebel el-, see Baalasor Areopolis 16, 60 114 Aroer [in the Negeb of Judah], see Aser I, see Asor II 19, 115 Arandara, see Ailim
"'Astr, Tell, see Baalasor
Asen 1225 115 Aser Wil
Aranneim, see Aroneiem 27, 114 Aswan, see Soene
Saphamoth
'Ar'arah, Khirbet, see 'Atadra, Khirbet, see Ataroth "'Aro'er [in the Negeb of Judah], see Saphamoth
Aser IV 23, 115, 179 Sy, TENS) Saphamoth
Aroneiem 27, 114 Aroniim, see Aroneiem 27, 114 Aserim, see Aseroth Ararat 12, 28, 112 Ataroth, see Archiataroth
Ataroth (in Ephraim), see Ataroth 17, 114 Aserna, see Asarenan Arath 26, 112 Araunah the Jebusite, Threshing 17, 114
Ataroth (in Benjamin), see Ataroth Asernai, see Asarenan Aseroth (Sinai) 15, 115 Floor of, see Halon Orna 135 Aroueir I, see Areopolis 25, 113,
III
Ataroth (in Reuben), see Astaroth Ashan, see Asenna II
Arbe, see Arbo 13, 95, 112 Arouier II 25, 114, 180 Arpad, see Arphad_
'Arpad, Horvat, see Meeleph Arphad 28, 114 'Arraba, see Araba II
Ashdod, see Asdod
Arbel, see Arbela II 17, 112 Arbela I (in Gilead) 17, 32, 112, Ashdod, Tel, see Asdod
Karnaein 115
Arbela II (in Gilead) 17, 112 Arbela III (in Jezreel) 17, 112, 179 Arbo 13, 112, 167, 179 'Asheq, Khirbet el-, see Afeka I (in Ataroth I Gin Gad), see Astaroth Gilead) 111 Karmaein 16, 115, 169
Asher, see Aser IV Ataroth II (in Ephraim) 23, 116
Ashima, see Asimath
Ashkelon, see Askalon
Ashnah (in Judaea), see Asna Ashgelon, Tel, see Askalon Ataroth III (in Benjamin) 23, 116 'Arrabune, see Araba III 'Artuf, see Asthaol
Aruir I, see Areopolis 25, 113 Ataroth-addar, see Ataroth III 116 Arboc, see Arbo 13, 95, 112
Ataroth-Addar, see Arbok, see Arbo 95, 112
Archiataroth
Aruir II, see Aroueir II 114, 180 Arumah, see Arima
Arce, see Achran
Arcem, see Arkem 27, 114 Ashur 75, 115 Ataroth Sofan, see Astaroth Sophar 17, 116 Ataroth Sophar, see Astaroth Asia 40, 115 'Arura, see Aroueir II
Archelai, Tumulus, see Archelaus, Tomb of
Asima, see Asimath 27, 115 Asadada_ 17, 114 Asademoth 28, 114 Sophar
Asimath 27, 115 Asion Babai, see Ailath Archelais, see Magdalsenna 23y V6; 27, 106, Atarouth, see Ataroth III Asael, see Asel 28, 115 'Asan, Khirbet, see Asan II Archelaus, Tomb of 31, 112
Archi, see Archiataroth
Beelphegor 32, 119
Balat, Tell el-, see Roob I Balatah, Tell, see Neapolis Azor, see lazer 16, 137, 169 Azotos 20, 21, 22, 36, 44, 61, 116 Atarus, see Ataroth III 23, 116 Athach 26, 116 Atharim, see Antharim
Athens
Ather 22, 116 Beelsefon, see Beelsephon 31, 119 Beelsephon 31, 119 Baleth (in Dan) 36, 118 Azotus, see Asdod 20, 21, 22, 36, Beer, see BeraI
Beer-elim, see Aileim
Baliloth 35, 118 Baloth 34, 118 44, 61, 116 Azotus Hippenos sive Mesogaios,
Be'er Nevatim, see Ethnan Balth, see Baleth 37, 118, 119 Bama 37, 119 Bamoth 32, 119 see Asdod
Azotus Hippenus sive Mesogaeus, Atroth-shophan, see Astaroth Be'er 'Oded, see Gabaa II
Beerotayim, see Berdan
Sophar
see Asdod
'Attara, el-, see Ataroth II
Beeroth, see Beroth 33, 120 Bane 36, 119 Azzah, see Gaza
'Attarus, Khirbet, see Astaroth Beer-sheba, see Bersabee
Azzati [el-Amarna], see Gaza Azzun
Baneiacan, see Baneiakan 31, 119 Tie tits Beersheba, see Bersabee
Baneiakan 31, 119
'Ater, Khirbet el-, see Ather
Beer Sheva, Tel, see Bersabee Beersheva, see Bersabee
Beer Yeroham, see Baloth
Bani, Tell, see Emmatha
'Attir, Khirbet, see Athach Banias, see Paneas
and Ietheira
Aueim 23, 116 Aueith, see Gethem 39, 134 Augustopolis, see Thophol Baoureim 37, 119 Beesthara, see Astaroth Barac, see Bane 36, 119 Karnaein 35, 115 Barad 31, 84, 119
Bethagla, see Halon Atad 14, 135 Barakai, see Bane 36, 119 Baal I, see Baian 32, 117 Auith, see Gethem 39, 134 'Auja, Nahr el-, see Hierako
'Auja et Tahta, Khirbet el-, see Beida, Wadi, see Ressa
Baal II 34, 117 Baala, see Baian 34, 117 Bare, see Baarou 64, 117, 183 Beisan, see Scythopolis
Bareca, see Bane 36, 119 Beit 'Amra, Khirbet, see Baris 125,119 Magdalsenna
Aula, see Abelmaelai
Aulon 17, 18, 27, 51, 60, 116, 180 Aulon of Jericho (The Jordan Baalah, see Baal IJ
Zanaoua
36, 119 Barka, see Bane Barne, see Kades I 33, 139 Baalasor 37, 117 Beit 'Annaba, Khirbet, see Ba'alath Beer, see Baloth
Betoannaba 122 Barqa, see Bane
Baalermon, see Aermon 36, 106 Beit 'Anan, Khirbet, see 16; 18,19; Valley of Jericho), see Aulon and Basan, see Batanaea Baaleth, see Baloth 35, 36, 118 Bethaloth
32) 50ND Basanitidis, see Batanaea 86, 119 Ba'al-gad, see Algad
Baalgad, see Algad 33, 108, 117 Jericho 51, 116 Aun, see Bethaun 98, 121 Auoth Iaeir 19, 32, 116 Auothiaeir, see Auoth Jaeir Beit Arif, see Arem
Beit Dajan, see Bethdagon I Basanitis, see Batanaea 32, 35, 40, Baal-hazor, see Baalasor
Beit Fagi, see Bethphage
42, 85, 86, 119 as, Ba'al-hermon, see Aermon
Beit Govrin, see Basar, Tel, see Thalasar
Ba'al-ma'on, see Baian
Auoth Iair, see Auoth Iaeir Eleutheropolis
32; Bascath, see Baskoth 34, 119 Ba'al Meon, see Baian
Beit Gufnin, see Goufphnae
Ba'al of Peor, see Beelphegor Baal-Shalishah, see Basekath, see Baskoth 37, 119
Beitin, see Baithel 117, 177-8 27, 116 POMS:
Bashan, see Maacha_
Auothiair, see Auoth Iaeir Beit 'Itab, see Henadab
Baskoth 34, 119 Baithsarisa
Auothiar, see Auoth lIaer Beit Jann, Khirbet, see NG Ausitidis 78, 116 Autokratoris, see Basor 37, 119 Ba'al-tamar, see Baalthamar Enganni
Bassal, el-, see Morathei
Baalthamar 37, 117 LP Beit Jibrin, see Eleutheropolis Ly, Basta, el, see DanabaI
Batanaea (region) 13, 16, 19, 32, Diocaesarea
Baaras, see Baarou
Beit Jiz, see Gethremmon II Baarou 32, 117 Avaris, see Ramesse
Beit Lahm, see Bethleem I
36, 40, 59, 64, 76, 119, 179 Batanaea (village), see Aneiel Baaru, see Baarou 32, 117 'Avdon, Tel, see Abdon
36, Beit Lahm, see Bethleem II
Bab edh-Dhra, see Adama I Avel Bet Maakha, Tel, see Beit Lehem Harelit, see Bethleem
Batanaia (village), see Aneiel 2, Babel 30, 117 Babylon, see Babel 2, 12, 30, 38, Bethmacha
BAL 23, 110 Avim, see Anaia II Beit Lehem Soriaia, see Bethleem
36, 110, 181 Batanaia (region), see Batanaea 2, 76, 78, 83, 87, 95, 117 Babylonia 83, 117
Avith, see Gethem Avva, see Aia
Avvim, see Anaia II
36, 40, 119, 167 Beit Makdum, see Makeda Baean, see Baian 32, 117
Beit Mirsim, Tell, see Asenna Batash, Tel, see Thamna II Baenith, see Baithanne 38, 117 Awvites, see Hivite
iil lites Batashi, Tell el-, see Thamna
Bahr Lut, see Araba, Sea of
'Awaj, Nahr el-, see Pharphar 'Awim, see Anaia II
'Ayun Misa, Khirbet, see Naboth II
Bathma, see Bethanatha 36, 120 Beit Nasib, Khirbet, see Bahurim, see Baoureim
Nesib
Baian 32, 117 Beit Netsib, Khirbet, see
Bathoul 35, 119 Ba'ina, see Bethanatha Il
Azanoth 25, 116 Nesib
Soy MS, 38, 117 Bathul, see Bathoul Bainith, see Baithanne Baithaggan 37, 117 Baithakath 37, 117, 181
Beit Naiba, see Bethannabam Batn el-Battash, see Gebein
'Azar, Deir el-, see Baal I Beit Qad, see Baitakath
Batnae, see Batnai 35, 119
'Azariye, el-, see Bethania Azeca, see Azeka 19, 116 Azeka 19, 116 'Azeimeh, Tell el-, see Beit Tamar, see Baalthamar
Batnai 35, 119 Baithanne 38, 117 Baithel 13, 19, 41, 55, 68, 69, 78, Beit Ummar, see Maroth
Batneh, Khirbet, see Botnia
Beit 'Ur el-Féqa, see Bethoron, 80, 117, 166-7, 176-9, 181, 183 Batoloua, see Batanaea_ 13, 119, Upper 121
Bethasimouth
Baithsarisa 37, 118, 181 Beit 'Ur el-Tahta, see Bethoron, Batstsa, see Roob III
Baitoanaia, see Aneiel 24, 110, Azekah, see Azeka
'Azekah, Tel, see Azeka Azem, see Asan II
'Azem, Khirbet Umm el-, see Asan Lower 121 Beityannay, see Aneiel Beiyudat, Khirbet, see Baurim, see Baoureim 37, 119
169, 180
Bayadir, Khirbet el-, see Bala, see Zoor 31, 85, 162 Ephraim
Balaam 34, 118 Balaath, see Baleth 37, 118 Balam, see Balaam 34, 118 Balanos Sikimon 36, 118 Magdalsenna
Bazecath, see Baskoth 37, 119 II
Azer, see lazer Azmon, see Asemona Azmon, see Enna
Azmonah, see Enna
Aznot Tavor, Tel, see Bel 38, 119 Bealoth, see Baloth
Bedeiwiyeh, Tell el-, see 16, 137, 168, 170 32) 112. 19
Bela, see Arbela I
Bela, see Zoor
Anathon
Balanus I, see Balanus Bel'ameh, Khirbet, see Beelmaous, see Baian 32, 117, penthous 31, 118 119, 180 Ieblaam
Balanus II, see Balanos
Belbous, see Gelbous Belemoth, see Ieblaam Beelmaus, see Baian 32, 117 Sikimon 36, 118 Balanus penthous 31, 118 Azanoth
Aznoth-tabor, see Azanoth
Beelmeon, see Baian 32, 117
Belinas, see Paneas
Beth-anath (in Jezreel), see Eleutheropolis
Bethramth, see Libias
Bethanatha
Bethanatha 36, 120 Bethania 38, 120, 181 Belvoir de I'H6pital, see Beth ha-'Emeq, see Bethramtha, see Libias 33, 142 Beth Rehob [in Galilee], see Roob Iermoth
Bene-barak, see Bane
Bethaemek
Beth-haggan, see Baithaggan
Bethsaida I 38, 122, 170 Bethania (in the Jordan Valley), see Bene-beraq, Horvat, see Bane
Bene-jaakan, see Baneiakan
Bennamareim, see Nebereim 76, 148, 167 Bennamarim, see Nebereim 76, 148 Beon, see Baian
Beqa, Lebanese, see CoeleBeth-haram, see Libias
Bethaabara 120 Bethanin 22, 120, 179 Beth ha-Ramatha, see Libias Beth-haran, see Libias
Bethsaida II, see Bezatha 38, 122 Bethsames I, see Bethsamus 36,
Bethannaba, see
Beth-hoglah, see Halon Atad Beth Horon
Bethannabam
Bethannabam 20, 120, 179 Beth-anoth, see Bethaloth
Bethany (in the Jordan Valley), see Bethsames II 36, 122 Beth-horon, Ascent of, see Bethsamis, see Bethsamus 87, 122 Bethoron
Bethsamus 26, 87, 122 Bethsamys, see Bethsamus 26, 122 Bethsan, see Scythopolis 36, 156 Syria
BeraI 36, 119 Beth-horon, Descent of, see Bethaabara 120 Bethaphou 34, 57, 120, 181 Bethoron
Beth-horon, Lower, see Bethoron, Bera II 36, 119, 169-70, 181 Bethsarisa, see Baithsarisa 37, 118 Beraein, see Berdan
Berammoth, see Baaleth 35, 117 Betharaba 34, 121 Beth-arabah, see Betharaba
Betharam, see Libias 33, 142 Betharamphtha, see Libias
Beth-arbel, see ArbelaI
Beth Shan, see Scythopolis
Beth-shean, see Scythopolis
Beth-Shemesh [in Egypt], see Lower
Beth-horon, Upper, see Bethoron, Berdan 92, 120 Upper
Beth-horon, Way of, see Bereitan, see Masbak Berenice, see Ailath
Helioupolis 136 Beth-shemesh [in Judah], see
Bethoron
Berenice, see Pella
Betharif, see Arem 24, 113 Bethariph, see Arem 24, 113 Betharran, see Libias 32, 142 Beth-horon 'Elyon, see Bethoron, Bethsamus 122 Beth-shemesh [in Naphtali], see Upper
Berenike, see Pella
Beris, see Baris 12, 119 Bernard d'Etampes, Cité, see Adraa Beth-horon Tahton, see Bethoron, Bethsames II 122 Lower
Bethasan, see AsanI 22, 114, 168, Beth-Shemesh, Tell, see
Berosaba, see Bersabee 92, 120
Bethasetta 36, 121 Beth Ilanim, see Mambre Beth-jeshimoth, see Bethsamus
Beth-shittah, see Bethasetta Bethsimouth, see Beroth (in Benjamin) 33, 35, 120,
Berothah, see Masbak
Bethasetta
Bethlabaoth 35, 121 Bethasimouth 33, 121 Bethaun 30, 35, 41, 121, 178 Beth-aven, see Bethaun
Bethasimouth 61, 121 Beth-lebaoth, see Bethsimuth, see Bethasimouth 33,
Bethlabaoth
Bethleem I (in Zebulon) 35, 121 Berothai, see Masbak
Beroth of the sons of Jacim, see Beth Ba'al Meon, see Baian
Beth-bara, see Bethbera
Bethsoro, see Bethsour 1 35, 122,
Bethsour I 35, 122 Baneiakan 32, 119, 120 Beroth of the sons of Jakeim, see Bethleem II, see Bethlehem 10, 31, Bethbera 35, 119 35, 93, 97, 121 Bethbeten, see Batnai 35, 119, 178, 181 Baneiakan 32, 119, 120 Bethlehem (in Judaea) 2, 5, 31, 49, Bethsour II 35, 122, 181 Beth Succoth, see Therama
Bethsur I 35, 122 Bethsur II 35, 122, 181 Beth-tappuah, see Bethaphou
82, 95, 121, 169, 171, 180 Bethmacha 37, 121, 181 Bethmaela, see Abelmaelai Berqit, Khirbet, see Anoua II
Beth-car, see Bethchor
Bersabee 34, 69, 92, 120, 180 Bersinya, see Rogellein
Bethcath, see Baithakath 37, 117 27, Bethchor 37, 121 104, 121, 180 Beth-marcaboth, see 375 121 Besor, see Basor 37, 119 Bethchur, see Bethchor Beth Dagan, see Bethdagon I Beth-dagon, see Bethdagon I Bethdagon I 34, 121 Bethdagon II 35, 121 Beth-diblathaim, see Gelmon
Besor, Nahal, see Basor
Beththamar, see Baalthamar 37,
Amarchabob
Besor, Nahal Ha-, see Basor Bethmaula, see Abelmaelai 27, 104 Beththamari, see Baalthamar 37, Betah, see Masbak
Beth-togarma, see Thogarma
Bet Dagan, see Bethdagon I Beth-meon, see Baian
Bethnagla (Beth-hoglah), see Halon Beten, see Batnai
Atad 35, 135 Bethuel, see Xil
Deblathaeim 133 Betenabaris, see Bethnamran
Bethul, see Bathoul
Beth-'eglaim, see Bethaglaim
Bethnamaris, see Bethnamran 32, Beth, see Amarchabob 35, 109
Beth Yannai, see Aneiel Beth-eked, see Baithakath
Bethaabara 38, 120 Bethabara, see Bethaabara 38, Bethnambris, see Bethnamran 32, Beth-zatha, see Bezatha
Bethel, see Baithel 13, 19, 23, 30, 121, 180 Bethnamran 32, 121, 169 35, 41, 55, 61, 68, 69, 78, 80, 117, 176-80 and see Xil
Bethacath, see Baithakath Bethaemek 35, 120 Beth-zur, see Bethsour I
Bet Mirsham, Tel, see Asenna Lis) Bethnath, see Bethanatha 36, 120 Bethel [in the Negeb], see Bethnemra, see Bethnamran 33, Betnambris, see Bethnamran 32, Bet ha-Emeq, Tel, see
Chasbi
Bethaemek
Bethelei, see Bethphalei 34, 122 Beth-emec, see Bethaemek
Beth-nimrah, see Bethnamran Betoaenea, see Aneiel 24, 110 Bethaffu, see Bethaphou 34, 120
Beth-nimrin, see Bethnamran Bet Oannaba, see Betoannaba 20, Bethafu, see Bethaphou 57, 120 Bethagan, see Baithaggan 37, 117 122, 179 Beth-On, see Bethaun
Bethemec, see Bethaemek 35, 120 Bethoron 33, 121 Bethoron, Lower Betoannaba 20, 122, 179 Bethenim-near-the-Terebinth, see Bethagla, see Halon Atad 14, 33, 33, 121, 180 Betonim, see Botnia
135, 179, 180 Bethagla-by-the-sea, see Enaim 55, 120, 128 Bet Shemesh, Tel, see Bethoron, Upper 33, 121, 180 Beth-pazzez, see Beth-Phasis
Bethennabris, see Bethnamran
Bethennim, see Bethanin 22, 120 Bethsamus
Bethaglaim 34, 120 Bethaglaim 34, 120, 180 Beth-pelet, see Bethphalei
Beth-peor, see Bethphogor
Bethphage 38, 121, 170 Bethphalei 34, 122 Bethphasis 35, 122 Bethphogor 33, 93, 122, 180 Bethphoyor, see Bethphogor Bezatha 38, 122 Bezec, see Bezek 36, 122 Bethalla, see Halon Atad 35, 135 and Bethaloth
Bezek 36, 122, 181 Bethesda, see Bezatha
Bethfage, see Bethphage 38, 121 Bethalon (Beth-Hoglah), see Halon Bezer, see Bosor
Atad 35, 135 Bethaloth 34, 120 Bethamnaram, see
Bethfali, see Bethphalei 34, 122 Bezetha, see Bezatha Bira, el-, see Baithel 117, 177-8 Bethfases, see Bethphasis 35, 122 Bir 'Ara'ir, see Saphamoth
Bethnamran 32, 121 Bethfogor, see Bethphogor 33, 93, Beth Qarnayim, see Karnaia 122:
Beth Gophnah, see Goufna Birat Sati, see Morathei
Bethana, see Bethanatha 36, 120 Beth Anath (in Galilee/the Plain of Bir Ayyub, see Rogel, Spring II
Beth Ramatha, see Libias
Beth Gubrin, see of
Sharon), see Aneiel
Charada, see Charadas 96, 123 Cariathaim, see Kariathaeim 64, Buseirah, see Bosor II
Busra Eski-Shbm, see Bostra
Bir Birein, see Berdan
Charadas 96, 123 Charchamis, see Charchamus
Biré, el-, see Beroth 97, Cariatharbe, see Arbo 64, 112 Cariathbaal, see Baal II 65, 117 Biré, el-, see Sapheir I
Busruna, see Bostra
Buweib, Khirbet, see Saphon
Charchamus 97, 123 Charran 39, 95, 96, 123 Bireh, el-, see Beral
Cariathiarim, see Baal II 34, 65, Bir el-Gharbi, see Roob II
Buz, see Boz
AM, Wi Carioth, see Kariathaeim 67, 140 Carmel I [in Judaea], see Byblus, see Bublos 38, 123 Bir el-Hamam, see Amam_
Charrei, see Bethmacha 96, 123 and Sabe II
Charri, see Bethmacha 96, 123 Chasalon 96, 123 Chasbi 95, 123/172/ Bir el-Murr, see Merra
Chermel 54, 124 Carmel II, see Karmelos II 61, 63, Bir es-Saba', see Bersabee 1 20 Bir Melih, Khirbet, see Rooboth Chaselath-by-Thabor, see
Carmel, Mount, see Karmelos ti ss Acheseloth 96, 104 Chateau de Saint-Helyes, see
Cabbon, see Chabon Cabul, see Chobal
Birnata, Khirbet el-, see Lebna
Carmel Mons, see Karmelos
Bir Rekhme, see Baloth Aphra
Chebar, River, see Chobar
Cadasa, see Kudissos
Cademi, see Kademim 66, 139 Cademoth, see Kademoth 64, 139 Cades, see KadesI 14, 31, 64, 84, Bir Zeit, Khirbet, see Beroth II
Biziothiah, see Ebeziouthia Chebron, see Arbo 13, 14, 17, 22, Carmel-on-Sea, see Karmelos Black Sea
23, 31, 34, 35, 46, 51, 54, 61, 64, Il 73, 140 Bleibil, Tell el-, see 65, 66, 70, 76, 95, 96, 112, 124 66, 124 Carmelus, see Chermel 85, 139 Bethnamran
Bohan, Stone of, see Boon
Chefira, see Chepheira 96, 124 Carnaea, see Karnaia II
Cades, Desert of, see Kades, Desert Chefri, see Chepheira 96, 124 Cheilon 96, 124 Cheimarrous Kedron, see Carnaea I, see Astaroth of 50, 84, 139 Bola, see Balaam 35, 118 Boon 35, 122 Karnaein 64, 115 64, 139 Cades Barne, see Kades I 64, 140 Carnaea II, see Karnaia II
Cadesbarne, see KadesI 33, 139 Borasan, see Asenna II 37, Kedron 97, 140 Cheimarrou ton Kedron, see Carnaim, see Astaroth Cadesh Barnea, see KadesI
Borashan, see Asenna II
Karnaein 64, 115 36, Caesarea (Maritima) 2-4, 21, 47, Borconni, see Borkonneim Kedron
Chelon 97, 124 Chemosh, see Chamos
Carra, see Charran 95, 123 62, 63, 75, 89, 123; 181, 183 Caesarea (Philippi), see Paneas 2,
Borkonneim 36, 122 Carrae, see Charran 39, 123 Carrhae, see Charran 95, 123 24, 36, 43, 149, 169, 176, 180-81
Bornat, Tell, see Lebna Chenereth, see Gennasareth 96, Cartha, see Acheseloth 65, 104 Carthage, see Karchedon 59, 67, Caesaria-Paneas, see Paneas
Cafarnaum, see Kapharnoum 67, Boses 37, 122 Bosor I (Bozrah in Bashan)
32,
Cartham, see Kartham 66, 140 Casal Imbert, see Achzeiph
Chennereth, see, see
Cafarsorech, see Sorech II Caferdago, see Bethdagon I T22N6ds, 1795 182 Gennasareth 96, 134 Chephar-ammoni, see 88, 158
Bosor II (Bozrah in Edom) 34,
Ammoenia
Chepheira 96, 124 Chephirah, see Chepheira
Chephrei, see Chepheira 96, 124 Castle of the Jew's Daughter, The,
Bossa, el-, see Ademmei Bostra (Bozrah in Bashan) see Taphnas 159 Catatachrysea, see Kata ta 16, 32, Calah, see Chalak
Calamon, see Labanath Calamon Mutation, see
50, 63, 64, 91, 122 Chrusea 64, 140 Bothnim, see Botnia 33, 122 Cherith, Brook, see Chorra
Catta, see Katta 65, 140 Labanath
Botnia 33, 122 Chermala, see Chermel 54, 124,
Cedar, see Kedar 38, 48, 67, 140 Cedem, see Kedem 67, 118 Calandria, see Rekem II Boubastos 38, 122 Bounos Akrobustion 33, 123, 180
Callirhoe, see Lasan
Chermel 96, 124 Cedes I, see Kades II 65, 139
and see Saorth
Calvary, see Golgotha 13, 45, 135 Camon, see Kamon 66, 139 Camona, see Iekkomam
Campus Maximus, see Great Plain Boutafis, see Bethaphou Bouthan 32, 55, 123 Chermela, see Chermel 66, 124 Cedes II, see Kades III 66, 139 Chesalon, see Chasalon
Cedron, see Katta 66, 140 Cedron, Valley of, see Kedron 66, Boz 38, 123 Cheselath Thabor, see Bozez, see Boses
Cedron Torrens, see Kedron
Acheseloth 96, 104 Bozkath, see Baskoth
Chesil, see Chasbi
of Legio
Camus, see Kamon
Bozrah in Bashan, see Bostra Chesil, see Xil
Cedson, see Kademoth 65, 139
Bozrah in Edom, see Bosor II Chessalous, see Achesaloth 96, Ceila, see Keeila 65, 140
Cana, see Kanal 65, 139 Brook Cherith, see Chorra [Brook] Kana, see Kana I
Cela, see Keeila 65, 140
Canath, see Kanath 64, 75, 139 Chesulloth, see Acheseloth 6, 104 Cene, see Kenaz 64, 140
Canatha, see Kanath 64, 139 Brook Kedron, see Kedron Chettieim I 69, 124 Chettieim II 96, 124 Ceni, see Keni 66, 140
Bubastis, see Boubastos Cane, see Kanal 65, 139 Capercotani, see Legio
Capercotnei, see Legio
Capernaum, see Cetron, see Katta 66, 140 Chabbon, see Chabon
, 122
Bubastus, see Boubastos Bublos 38, 123 Chettiim, see Chettieim I] 69, 124 Chettim, see Chettieim II 96, 124 Chabol, see Chobal 96, 124 Chabon 96, 123
Bu'eina, el-, see Bethanatha Chezib, see Chasbi
Kapharnoum
Caphar Dagon, see Bethdagon Bunos, see Bounos Chilon, see Cheilon 96, 124 Chabra, see Chabon
Akrobustion 33, 123 Bugei'ah, el-, see Achor 95, Chimarrus, see Kedron 97, 140 Chabratha, see Bethleem I ital Caphar Shilhim, see Saleei
Pil, 128 Chabulon, see Chobal Chinnereth, see Ainda
Chinnereth [District of], see Buqi'a, el-, see
Emekraphaeaem
Capsaim, see Kabseim 65, 139 96, 123 Reth
Chafthis, see Chaphtheis Capseel, see Kapseel 65, 139 Burdan, see Berdan 92, 120 Chinnereth, Sea of, see Chalab 96, 123
Carcar, see Karka 66, 140 Burj, Khirbet el-, see Beroth Gennasareth
Chinneroth, see Ainda Chalac, see Chalak 95, 123 and Dor of Nafath
Burj el-Haske, see Pharanx Carcaria, see Karkaria 66, 140
Chalach, see Chalak 46, 123 Carchedon, see Karchedon 67, Chisloth-tabor, see
Chalak 95, 123 Botrous
Burj Heska, see Pharanx Acheseloth
Choba I 95, 124 Choba II 7, 95, 124 Chobaa I, see ChobaI 95, 124 Chobaa II, see Choba II 95, 124
Chalanne, see Chalak 95, 96, 123 Chamoam, see Gebaroth 97, 133 Chamos 97, 123 Chaphtheis 96, 123 Charachmoba, see Deseth Carchemish, see Charchamus Careptha Makrakomhe, see Botrous
Burj et-Tantura, see Dor of Sarepta
Nafath
Cariasati, see Morathei
Cariath, see Kariath 65, 140 Burna, Tel, see Lebna
Chobal 96, 124 Chobar 97, 124 Chomarim, see Chomarreim 96,
Chomarreim 96, 124 Colonia Seria Neapolis, see Damna (in Zebulon), see Deir Ghassaneh, see Serora
Neapolis
Constantian Neapolis, see Ammathar 47, 109 Dan 34, 46, 69, 125, 176, 181 Deir Hajlah, see Halon Atad
Deir Halawa, see Iabis
Deir Hassan, see AsanI
Menoeis
Dan, Tel, see Dan
Danaba I 46, 125 Danaba IT 46, 125, 181 Dann, Khirbet ed-, see Coraiatha, see Kariathaeim 64,
Deir Tarif, see Arem
Chorath, see Chorra 97, 124 Deleilet el-Gharbiye, see Gelmon Chorazein 97, 124, 184 Chorazin, see Chorazein 97, 124 Choreb, Mount 64, 79, 95, 124 Coral Island, see Ailath
Coreae, see Iekmaan
Corruption, Mount of, see Olives, Deblathaeim
Deleilat esh-Sherqiyeh, Khirbet, see Dannea_
Dannaba I, see DanabaI 46, 125 Dannaba II, see Danaba II 46, Gelmon Deblathaeim
Chorra 97, 124 Chotha 97, 125 Mount of 149 Denn, Khirbet ed-, see
Dannaea, see Dannea_
Covenant, Well of the, see Dannea
Denna 47, 126 Bersabee 92, 120 Chsalon, see Chasalon 96, 123 Chsalous, see Acheseloth and Cuthah, see Chotha
Der'a, see AdraaI
Descent of Beth-horon, see Dannah, see Denna
Dannaia, see Dannea 46, 126 Aksaph 6, 24, 104, 108, 179-80 Cydissus, see Kudissos 66, 141 Cyprus 96, 125 Cyrene, see Kurine 67, 141 Chsalus, see Acheseloth 20, 24, 96, 104 Dannaiak, see Dannea
Dannea 46, 126, 181 Daphnae, see Taphnas
Bethoron
Desert of Canaan and Amalek 50, Chsil, see Xil 96, 162
Deseth 48, 126 Dessaon, see Adasa_
Dhahab el-Gharbi, Tell ed-, see Cilicia 59, 125 Cimona, see Iekkomam
Dar'allah, see Therama
Daram, see Daroma_ 75, 126 Darom, see Daroma 48, 126 Cimona, see Kamon 66, 139 Cina, see Kina 65, 141 Manaeim
Daroma_ 7, 23, 39, 42-3, 47, 51-2, Cision, see Kison I 65, 141 54, 58, 62-3, 68, 72, 81, 86, 96, Daba, Tell ed-, see Ramesse
Dhiban, see Dommein
Cison, see Kison II 66, 141 126, 168, 179, 181-3 Daromas, see Daroma
Dabaloth, see Gelmon Dibban, see Dommein
Dibbin, Tell ed-, see Aian
Cite Bernard d'Etampes, see Adraa Deblathaeim
Dabarath, see Dabeira II Darrame, Khirbet ed-, see Dibon, see Dommein 46, 48, 126 Dibon-gad, see Dommein
Dabarittah, see Dabeira II
Dabasthe 47, 125 Aphaka
Dabaritta, see Dabeira II Citium 96, 125 City of David, see Aelia City of Esau, see Ailath 49, 107 Dasbath, see Dabasthe 47, 125 Dasem 46, 126 Davia, see Dabeira I 47, 125 Dibon Qebab, see Deimona
Dos a5 Dibseh, see Thamsa_
Dabbesheth, see Dabasthe
Dabburiye, see Dabeira II
Dilean, see Dalaan
Dimasq, see Damascus
City of Letters, see Dabeira I 47, David, see DabeiraI 47, 125 David, City of, see Ailia 107, 172 David, Tomb of 31, 169, 180
Dabeir I, see Dabeira I 47, 125 Dabeir II 47, 125 Dabeira I 47, 125 Dimna, see Ammathar
Dimon, see Dommein 7, 28, 126 City of the Sun, see Heliopolis 25) 98, 136 David, Tower of
Dawa'ime, see Baskoth
Dawaimeh, ed-, see Baskoth
Dead Sea, see Araba, Sea of 16, and Deimona
Dimona, see Deimona 47, 126 Dinaryiya, ed-, see DanabaI
Dinhaba, see DanabaI
Claudiopolis, see Tiberias
Claudiopolis Syriae Palaestinae, see Dabeira II 47, 125 Daberath, see Dabeira II
Dabir I, see Dabeir I 47, 125 Tiberias
Loa Dsl 33542. 515 56n 58.160!
Dabir II, see Dabeir II 47, 125 Clauthmon, see Klauthmon 66,
Diocaesarea 6, 18, 20, 24, 25, 43, 84, 111, 180 47, 58, 78, 126, 179-80, 183 Dabira I, see Dabeira I 47, 125 Debir, see Dabeira I
Dabira II, see Dabeira II 47, 125 Coa, see Cilicia 67, 125 Diospolis 48, 126, 168, 177, 179-81, 183 Diospolis Magna, see Deblathaeim, see Gelmon Dablathaim, see Gelmon Coaiatha, see Kariathaeim
Deblathaeim 48, 133 Deblathaeim 48, 126, 133 Cocabah, see Choba II
Debon, see Deimmon 46, 126 Debongad, see Deimmon 47, 126 Diospolis
Dabrath, see Dabeira II 48, 125 Dabiriyeh, see Dabeira II
Dadan I, see Dalaan 47, 125 Dadan II 48, 125 Cochaba, see Choba II
Djerabis, see Charchamus
Dobrath, see Dabeira II
and Rabboth
Dodaneim 48, 126 Dodanim, see Dodaneim 48, 126 Dommein, see Aphesdomeim 26, Coelas, see Koilas Josaphat 67, Debus, see Deimmon_ 60, 126 Decapolis 48, 126
Coelas Titanorum (The Valley of
Dedan, see Dadan II the Titans [Latin]), see Daedan, see Daidan 48, 125 and Daidan
Defenneh, Tell, see Taphnas Dafane, Tell, see Taphnas
Dahab esh-Sherqiyeh, Tell edh-, see Koilas 66, 141
Coele-Syria 21, 125 Phanouel
Dommim, see Aphesdomeim 26, Deib, ed-, see Deimona
Cofene, River of, see
Deibon, see Deimmon 48, 126 Deimmon 28, 126 Deimona 47, 126 Dahi, Jebel ed-, see More Dahret el-Qeblihe, see Kophenos 49, 84, 98, 141
Dophkah, see Raphaka
Colonia, see Amsa_
Colonia Claudia Felix Ptolemais Baalthamar
Daibon, see Deimmon 46, 126 Daibongad, see Deimmon 47, 126 Deir, el-, see Ailath
Dor, see Dor of Nafath 47, 73, 75, Germanica Stabilis, see Akcho
Colonia Flavia Neapolis, see 126, 181, 183 Deir, Khirbet ed-, see Addara II
Daidan 48, 125, 182 Dalaan 47, 125 Dalmanutha, see Magedane
Damascus 7, 19, 26, 27, 28, 44, 45, Dor, Tel, see Dor of Nafath
Dora, see Dor of Nafath 47, 73,
Deir, Khirbet ed-, see Theko Neapolis
Colonia Julia Neapolis, see
Dora-by-the-Sea, see Dor of Deiraban, see Abenezer
Deir 'Alein, see Ielon
Neapolis
Colonia Lucia Septimia Severia
46, 52, 53, 56, 81, 89, 90, 91, 94, 9525) Damin, see Ademmei_
Nafath 75, 126 Dora iera asulos autonomos Deir 'Alla, Tell, see Therama Deir Domeh, Khirbet ed-, see Diospolis, see Diospolis I
Colonia Lucia Septimia Severia Douma
nauarkhis, see Dor of
Deir el-'Azar, see Baal II Nafath
Damin, Horvat, see Ademmei Damiye, Khirbet ed-, see Eleutheropolis, see Eleutheropolis
Colonia Prima Flavia Augusta Deir el-Azhar, see Baal II
Dor-by-the-Sea, see Dor of Nafath 47, 126 Ademmei
Damiyeh, Khirbet et-Tell ed-, see Deir el-Gawi, see Balaam
Deir el-Quruntul, see Sabeim Dor Maritima, see Dor of f(elix?) c(onstans) Caesarea (Antoniana) metropolis provinciae Syriae Palaestina, see Caesarea (Maritima)
Nafath 47, 126 Ademmei
Damm, Tala'at ad-, see Deir es-Salib, see Salem II
Deir esh-Shemesh, see Denna Dor Nafeth, see Dor of
Nafath 47, 126 Deir esh-Simya, see Denna Adommim
ial
En-Rogel, see Rogel, Spring Emath Rabba, see Aimath II 53, Efthael, Valley of, see Dor of Nafath 47, 126 Doros, see Dor of Nafath
Dothaeim 46, 71, 126, 169-70, of
En-Shemesh, see Sams I
Enthaath 50, 129 En Ya'ala, see Sennanein
Emath Rebba, see Aimath II 53, Geephthael 43, 133 Eggaddi, see Engaddi
Eglaim, see Agalleim
Eglath-Shelishiyah, see Salisa
Emecachor (Valley of Achor), see 181, 183 Dothaim, see Dothaeim 46, 71, 126 Déthan, see Dothaeim
Douma 47, 126 Drpt, see Sarepta Epauleis lair, see Auoth Jaeir 32, Achor 19, 50, 104 Emecrafaim, see I 1s4 Eglom, see Agla 51, 106, 127, 182
Ephah, see Gaipha Ephes-dammim, see
Emekraphaeim 52, 128 Emekachor, see Achor 50, 104 Emek Aijalon, see Ailom
Emek-keziz, see Amekassis
Emekraphaeim 52, 128 Emek Raphaim, see Eglon, see Agla
Egypt 14, 17, 28, 31, 34, 38-40, 48-
Drus 48, 126 Drus Mambre 46, 126 Drys, see Drus Mambre 46, 126 Dubab, Khirbet el-, see Aloth
Duma, see Douma 47, 126 and Edouma_
Duma ed-Deir, Khirbet, see Aphesdomeim
Ephraia, see Ephraim
Ephraim 37, 51, 53, 129, 182 Ephraim, Mount 83, 87, 88, 129 9, 55, 57, 67, 70, 74, 78-9, 81-2, 85-6, 89, 91, 93-4, 98, 127, 167,- 170, 181 Eikok 52, 127, 167
Ephratha I, see Bethleem II 31,
Emekraphaeim 'Ein Duyuk, see Naaratha 49, 95, 121, 170, 182 Ephratha II, see Arbela IT 48, 112 Ephron I 51, 129 Ephron II, see Ephraim 53, 129, Emesa 53, 128 Emmaous, see Nikopolis Emmatha 21, 128 Emmathdor 52, 128 Emmaus, see Nikopolis Ein el-Ghuweir, see Nebpsan 53, 148 'Ein el-Husb, see Asasan Douma
Dumah, see Douma_
Dusmas Moab, see Araboth Thamar
'Ein Lifta, see Naphtho
Ephron, Mount, see Ephron I 53, 148
'Ein Shemsh, see Bethsamus Moab 47, 111 Duthan, Tell, see Dothaeim Duweir, Tell ed-, see Lacheis Duyuk, see Naaratha
and Amsa_
Emmona, Mount, see Aermon 81,
Eiroth 49, 127 Ekdippa, see Achzeiph 25, 105, Ephthael, Valley of, see
Geephthael 43, 133 Epiphania, see Aimath II
Empurismos 50, 128 Emrag, see Ailath
Enacheim Sa 128 176, 180 21,53,
Ekron, see Accaron Blas. 27
Elah, Valley of, see Ela
(Sus Er, see Areopolis Ereb 51, 129
Enacim, see Enakeim 51, 128 Elam, see Ailam
Ereccon, see Herakon 55, 136 Elath, see Ailath 55, 106, 182 Enada 55, 128 Enadab, see Henadab 55, 136
Ebal, Mount, see Gaibal Erech, see Orech
Elba, see Abdon 52, 104 ey?
Ebal Mons, see Gaibal Eremintha, see Ereb 51, 129 Enaim, see Bethenim-near-theElcath, see Elkath
52, 128 Ebez, see Aims
Eremiththa, see Ereb 51, 129 Eremmon, see 'Ain 52, 129, 182 Erga 18, 129, 179 Ergab 52, 129 Terebinth 55, 120 Elcese, see Elkese 53, 128 Ebeziouthia 51, 127 Enakeim 51, 128 Enam, see Bethaloth
Eleale 50, 127, 182 Ebiziuthia, see Ebeziouthia 51,
Ebrona 50, 127
Elealeh, see Eleale Enan, see Asarena 56, 114 Eleona
Eriha, see Jericho
Enaraba 53, 128 Eleutheropolis 19, 22-3, 34-7, 39, Eccela, see Echela 53, 127 Ecdippa, see Achzeiph 25, 105 Erma, see Arma 50, 52, 114 Ermana, see Arma _ S0, 114 Ermon, see Aermon 50, 106 Ermon, Mount, see Aermon 50, 42-3, 47, 51-2, 54-5, 58, 62, 65, Enasor 55, 128 Enbachein, see Enacheim 53, 128 68, 71-2, 74, 76, 80, 86, 88-9, 93, Echela 52, 127 Edem 49,127 95, 127, 169, 177, 179-4 Endor, see Aendor 55, 106 Enemec, see Ailom 51, 107 Enemek 51, 129 Engaddi 51, 56, 129, 166 Enganna 55, 129 Enganni 55, 129 Engannim 55, 129 En-Gannim, see Enganna En-gannim, see Enganni 'En Gedi, see Engaddi En-gedi, see Engaddi
Elim, see Ailim
Eden, see Edem 49, 127, 166 81, 106 Eroum, see Phithom 55, 150 Erga Saqra, Khirbet, see
Elimelek, see Alimelech Elkath 52, 128 Elkese 53, 128 Edessa 95, 127 Edom 14, 27, 32, 39, 45-6, 54-5, 57, 60, 64, 68, 70, 78-9, 84, 89, Eltholad
Elkosh, see Elkese 93-4, 127 Edom, Desert of, see Esan, see Essan 51, 130 Ellasar 49, 128
Esau, see Ailath 40, 106 Esau, City of, see Ailath
Elmoni 53, 94, 128 Bethasimouth 61, 121 Edomia, see Edomim 52, 127 Edomim, see Adommim 52, 127 Edouma 52, 127, 182
Elon, see Jelon
Esau, Land of, see Edom 60, 127 Elon I, see Chelon 97, 124 Esbos_ 16, 18,32, 46, 73, 75, 130, Elon II, see Aialin
180-1, 183 Engedi, see Engaddi
Eloth, see Ailath 53, 106 Edraei I, see Adraa I 50, 106 Edraei II [in Naphtali] 52, 127 Edrai I [in Bashan], see Adraa 50, 130, 182 'En Gev, see Apheca I (in Esbous, see Esbos Eloul 51, 128 18, 130 Gilead)
En-Haddah, see Enada_
'En-Haddah, Tel, see Enada Esbun, see Esbos
El-Paran, see Ailath 32, 46, 50, 73, Esbus, see Esbos
Eltekeh, see Eltheke
I 50, 106
Edrai II [in Judaea], see AderI 51, 75, 130
Eltekon, see Theko Esdraela, see Iezrael II 62, 138 51, 128 'En-harod, see Ared
Elthece, see Eltheke
Edrai II [in Naphtali], see Edraei Esdraelon, see Great Plain of 52, 128 'En Hazeva, see Asasan Eltheco, see Eltheke Eltheke 51, 128 Legio
Thamar
Hy 352,427
Esdiid, see Asdod 52, 128 En-hazor, see Enasor
DOS Eltheko, see Eltheke Eltholad 51, 128 Edrain, see Ader I Esebon, see Esbos 50, 60, 72, 130 Eniakebzeb 52, 129 Edre, see Ader I Eser, see AsorI 53, 115 Enkela, see Echela 53, 127, 182 Eltholath, see Eltholad 51, 128 Edrei, see Adraa I
Eduma, see Edouma 52, 127 Eshan, see Tessam
'Enkela, see Keeila
Enkheileh, Wady, see Naaliel Eltolad, see Eltholad
Eshcol, Nahal, see Pharanx Elul, see Eloul 51, 128 Emacim, see Emakeim 53, 128 Emakeim 53, 128 Emath I, see Aimath II ee pros Sebastee limeni, see Botrous
Eshtaol, see Asthaol
Enlechi ©52, 129 Caesarea [Maritima]
Enna 50, 129 Ennom, Land of, see Efa, see Hepha 63, 136 Efraea, see Ephron!
51, 129 Eshtemoa, see Asthemo
27, 45, 53, Eshtemoh, see Asthemo
Gaiennoum 94, 132 Ennom, Valley of, see 56, 81, 90, 128 Emath II, see Aimath I Efratha I, see Bethlehem 31, 49, Esrom, see AsorI 51, 115 50, 52, 69, 95, 121 Efratha II, see Arbela II 48, 112 Essan 51, 115 Gaiennoum 43, 91, 132
Emathdor, see Emmathdor 52, 50, 60, 130,
Essebon, see Esbos En Remmous, see 'Ain 81, 'En-rimmon, see 'Ain
Efron I, see Ephron I 51, 129 Efron II, see Aphra 53, 111
Essia, see Aisia 27, 40, 108 Feiran, Wady, see Pharan
Felmoni Almoni, see Phelmoni Gabatha III, see Gaba I Gabathon I 43, 131 Gabathon II, see Gabatha II 43, 43, 131 Gallaa, see Gallaia
Esthama, see Asthemo 53, 116 Gallaia 44, 132 Almoni 94, 150 Fenon, see Phainon 93, 150 Esthaol, see Asthaol 52, 61, 87, 116, 182 Esthemo, see Asthemo 51, 116, 7 Esthemoa, see Asthemo
Gallei 44, 132 131, 168 Gabath Saul, see GabaI
Gabath Saulis, see Gaba I
Gallim, see Gallei 44, 132 Fered, Khirbet, see Naam
Galta, Tell, see Marala
Gamom, Horvat, see Eikok Gamon, see Gaimod 45, 132 Field, Fuller's, see Agros
Etam, see Hetam 55, 136 Etampes, Cité Bernard d', see Field of Aceldamach, see Gabbaththa, see Gabatha II
Gabe I, see GabaaI 42, 131 Gabe II 43, 131, 181 Akeldama 59, 108 Ganges, see Fison 49, 92, 132, 150 AdraalI
Field of Blood, see Akeldama 29,
Garandel, Wadi, see Ailim
Garbe, Khirbet, see Halon Etele, Khirbet el-, see Galgal Gabli, see Bublos 42, 123 Gadaged, Wady, see ue als?
Fields of the Kedron, see Atad
Eter, Tel, see Ather
Etham, see Bouthan 55, 123 Chomarreim
Gadgada
Gadara, see Gadaros Gareb 45, 132 Fields of the Kidron, see 21, 26, 40, Gargasei, see Gergasei 42, 134 Ether, see Athach
Chomarreim
45, 48, 131, 168, 180 Gargasi, see Gergasei 42, 134 Ether, see Ather
Filadelfia, see Philadelphia
Gari, see Gesoureim Garindani, see Ailim
Gadaris, see Gazer I Gadaros 21, 131 Gadda I [in the Negev], see Aser Ether, see Ietheira 52, 138 Ethiopia 39, 89, 130 Ethnan 51, 130 Eththa 52, 130 Eth-Thaniyyeh, see Salisa II Fin, see Phainon 93, 150
Fiq, see Apheka I (in Gilead)
Garizein 41, 133 II
Gadda II 45, 131 Gaddei, see Geth 44, 134 Fish Gate, see Anameel
Fithom, see Phithom 93, 150 Garizin, see Garizein 41, 133 Gasion Gaber, see Asion
Flavia Joppe, see Ioppa_
Babai 40, 106 Gasongeber, see Ailath Eueilat 49, 130 Euein, see Asan II Fogo, see Bethfogor 93, 94, 122 Fogor, Mount, see Phogor,
Gaddi I, see Geth 44, 134 Gaddi II 51, 131 51, 114, 130 and Gasiongaber
Gath, see Geth
Euila, see Eueilat 49, 92, 130 Mount 18, 33, 46, 85, 151 Gadeira, see Gader II 42, 132 Gader, see Gadara
GaderI 39, 131 Gader II 42, 132 Gader, Horvat, see Gedour
Euilat, see Eueilat 92, 130 Euphrates 49, 97, 130 Forbelet, see Arbela II
Gat Hefer, Tel, see Forest of Hereth, The, see Geththepher
Gath-hepher, see Arith
Evim, see Asan II 51, 114, 130 Exaloth, see Acheseloth
'Eyn 'Etam, see Hetam
"Eyn Geddi, see Engaddi
'Eyn Sokher, see Sychar
Fraathon, see Phraathon 94, 151 Geththepher
Gath-Rimmon [in Dan], see Fukhkhar, Tell el-, see Akcho
Gader, Tower of, see GaderI 42,
Gadera, see Gader II 42, 132 Gaderoth 43, 133 Gadgad 40, 132 Gadgada 40, 132 Fal, Tell el-, see Gaba I
Gethremmon II
Gath-Rimmon [in Manasseh], see Ful, Tell el-, see Sachoran
Fuller's Field, see Agros
Ezem, see Asan II
Ezion-geber, see Ailath Gethremmon I 134 Gaulan, see Gaulon Gaulon 40, 133 Fuller's Pool 59, 130, 171-3 Fundugq, el-, see Phraathon Fuqrah, Wady, see Senna I
Gadora-near-the-Terebinth, see Gaulonitis, see Gesoureim Gawi, Deir el-, see Balaam
Fuqu'ah, Jebel, see Gelboue Gader II 42, 132 Fureir, Khirbet, see Arbela Gai I, see Aggai 13, 30, 35, 41, Gay' Hinnom, see MON cil be?
106, 132 Gaiennoum
Gay' Iphtahel, see Furt, Khirbet, see Phathoura Gai II, see Aie 40, 106, 132 Faenum, see Phainon 48, 64, 150 II
Geephthael
Gay' Melech, see Gemela
Gaza 15, 22, 34, 40, 72, 93, 133, Faghutr, Khirbet, see Phogor Gai III (in Moab) 41, 132 GaiIV 43, 132 Fylistiim, see Phulistieim 92, 151 WE ey Fahil, Khirbet, see Pella
40, 106 Gaia, see Gai II 168, 170, 180 Gaza, Palaia, see Bethaglaim
Gaibal 40, 132 Fahl, Tabaqat, see Pella
Gaibe, see GabaaI 42, 131 Gaiennoum 43, 132 Gaimod 45, 132 Fanuel, see Phanouel 92, 94, 150 Gazara, see Gazer I 42, 133, 169, Faora, see Phogor II 93, 151
Faqaris, Khirbet, see Saphon
Gaas 43, 131, 169 Gaash, Mount, see Gaas
Gaba, see GabaaI
Gaba I [in Benjamin/of Saul] 37, Gazatu, see Gaza GazerI 42, 133 Gazer II 44, 133 Gaion 39, 132 Far, Khirbet el-, see Sama
Gaipha 45, 132 Galaad 19, 32, 39, 40, 50, 59, 72, Far'ah, Khirbet Tell el-, see Thersa
75, 76, 80, 85, 132 Gazera 44, 133 Faran, see Pharan 79, 92, 150
Gaba II, see Gabaon 65, 131 Gaba III, see GabaaI 73, 131 Gabaa I [in Benjamin] 19, 131 Gabaa II 43, 131 Gabaam, see GabaaI 44, 131 Galaaditis, see Galaad 72, 80, 132 Geba, see Gabaa I Geba [in Ephraim] Faran, Desert of, see Pharan, 45, 133, 181 Desert of 18, 96, 150 Galeiloth, see Baliloth 43, 118 Galgal I 33, 41, 50, 132, 180 Galgal II 41, 132
Gebal, see Bublos
Far'ata, see Phraathon Farfar, see Pharphar 94, 150 Gebal, see Gaibal 40, 132 41, 50, 132, Gebalena, see Gebalene 54, 79,133 Galgala, see Galgal I Fas, Khirbet, see Aloth
168, 170, 181 Galgoulis 42, 132, 169, 181 Fasga, see Nabau I 18, 93, 147 Gebalene 14, 39, 54, 57, 60, 70, Gabaan, see GabaaI 44, 131 Gabaas (in Ephraim) 43, 131 Fasga, Cliff of, see lanna 60, 137 Fasga, Mount, see NabauI 93, 72, 79, 84, 133 Galgulis, see Galgoulis 42, 132 O3m133 Galilaea, see Galilee 44, 132 Gebalitica, see Gebalene
Gabaath, see Gabaas 43, 131 Gaba Hippeon, see Arisoth
Gaba Hippeum, see Arisoth
Gaba in Ephraim, see Geba_
Gabaon 26, 33, 41), 65, 96, 131, S7TH935 Gebalitike, see Gebalene Galilaia 44, 132 Fasga, Ridge of, see Nabau I 18,
Gebariye, el, see Ethnan Galilee, see Galilaia 38, 44, 58, 65, 19, 147 Fathore, see Phathori 94, 150
665 775,97, 1325 170 Galilee, Sea of, see Gennasareth, Gebaroth 45, 133 Gebarth, see Gebaroth 45, 133 Gebe, see Gabe II
Fathura I, see PhathouraI 93, Hake 2,134 176-7, 181 Gaba on the Carmel, see Gabe
Galilee, Upper, see Naphthali, Fathura II, see Phathoura II 93, Gebein 45, 133 II
Gabara, see Araba II
Gabatha I [in Jezreel] 43, 131 Gabatha II [in Judaea] 43, 131, 181 Mount
Galilee of the Gentiles, see Gebim, see Gebein
Gebin, see Gebein 45, 133 Geddour 44, 133 Feifa, see Adama I
Galilaia 44, 66, 67, 132 Feinan, see Phainon
Galiloth, see Baliloth 43, 118
Feiran, Oasis of, see Pharan
Gurr, Tell, see lagour Gurun, see Thogarma Gihon, see Geion
Gesoureim 42, 134 Gessour, see Gesoureim 44, 73, Geder [in Judaea], see Gader
Gilboah, Mount, see Gelboue Deas?
Gederah, see Gader II Gilead, see Galaad
Gesur, see Gessour Geth 42, 134, 181 Gethaim, see Gethem 39, 134 Gethem 39, 134 Geth quae set in Ofer, see
Gilgal, see Galgal I 132 44, 73, 134
Gedor, see Gader II Gedora, see Gader II Gedour 42, 133 Gedrous, see Gedour Gilgal, see Galgal II
Giloh, see Cheilon
Gilon 44, 134 Gina, see Baithaggan Ginae, see Baithaggan Ginan, see Baithaggan Ginnay, see Baithaggan 42, 133, 181 Habakkuk, Tomb of 43, 53, 65,
42, 133 Gedrus, see Gedour Gedud, see Geddour Gedur, see Gedour 42, 133 Geeba, see Geba_
181, 183 Hachilah, Hill of, see Echela
Geththepher
44, 133
Gethremmon I [in Manasseh] 43, Hadab, Khirbet el-, see
Gethremmon II [in Dan] 43, 134, Aphaka
Hadab massif, al-, see Ginnosar, see Ainda_
43, 133 Geefthael, see Geephthael Geena 43, 166, 171 Geennan, see Gaiennoum
Geennom, see Gaiennoum 43, 132 Geephthael 43, 133 Gefa, see Gaipha 45, 132 Gehenna, see Gaiennoum 94, 132, Gion, see Geion 44, 135 Gison, see Goson 43,135 Giththam 44, 134 Gitirimunima [el-Amarna], see
Gethsemane, see Gethsimane
Gethsemani, see Gethsimane 45, Mathekka
Hadad-Rimmon, see Remman
Hadashah, see Adasa_
Gethsimane 45, 134, 170 Gethremmon I 134
Hadatheh, el-, see Enada Hadda, Tel 'En-, see Gitte, Khirbet el-, see Gethem Geththa, see Geth 44, 134 Geththaim, see Gethem
Geththachofer, see Gittham, see Giththam
166, 171-2 Bethphasis
Giveat Shaul, see Gaba I
Gob 44, 134 Gobel, see Byblos 38, 123 Goded, Tel, see Morathei Goein of Gelgel 42, 135 Goiim in Galilee, see Goiein of Geion 44, 133 Gelamsour 44, 133 Hadid, see Aditha
Geththepher 44, 134
Hadid, el-Kasr, see Ailath 44, 133 Geththachopher, see Gelamsur, see Gelamsour
Hadite, el-, see Adiathain Hadithe, el-, see Aditha
Geththepher 44, 134 Gelboue 44, 133
43, Geththefer, see Geththepher Gelbous 44, 133, 181 Gelbue, see Gelboue 44, 133 Gelbus, see Gelbous 44, 133
Hadrach, see Sedrach
Geththepher 43, 134 Geththim, see Gethem 44, 134 Haifa, see Hepha
Haiyan, Khirbet, see Ailon II and Gelgel
Goim in Gelgel, see Goiein of 42, Gelgel, see Goein of Gelgel AnaiaI 107, 110, 178 Gelgel 42, 135 Golam, see Gaulon 40, 133 Golan I, see Gonia 19, 135
Gev'a ha-Karmel, see Gabe II 133, 135, 169-70 122; Hajar el-Asbah, see Boon Gezer, see Gazer]
geliylah ha-Yarden, see
Gezer, Tel, see Gazer I Baliloth
Gelmon Deblathaeim 40, 133 Gelmon Deblathaim, see Gelmon
Halaf, Tell, see Gozan Halah, see Alae
Golan II, see Gaulon 40, 133 Ghaghib, Wady el-, see Gadgada
Gharby, Tell el-, see Roob HI Golan Heights, The, see Halak, Mount, see Alak, Maacha
Golathmaeim 42, 135 Golathmaim, see
Deblathaeim 40, 133 Mount
Ghareh, Khirbet, see Kabseel Gelon 43, 134 Gemela , see ArabaI 45, 73, 111 Gemen, see Gaimod 45, 132 Halagq, Jebel, see Alak,
Ghassa, Khirbet, see Aser II Mount
Golathmaeim 42, 135 Ghazza, Khirbet, see Halhul, see Eloul
Golgol, see Galgal I 41, 132, 135, Remmoth
Ghazzah, Khirbet, see Genesareth, Lake of, see Hali, see Oolei
Golgotha 3, 5, 45, 135, 170, 174 Gomorra 39, 135 Gomorrah, see Gomorra Gennesareth, Lake 38, 44, 134,
Halif, Tel, see 'Ain Remmoth
Genezareth, see Aonda
and Goson
Ghazze, el, see Gaza
Halon Atad 14, 135 Halon Orna 26, 135 Ham, see Saue
Hama, see Aimath II
Hamad, Tell, see Ramoth
Hamath, see Aimath II
Hame Teveriya, see Amath I Hamideh, Khirbet, see Ghazzeh, see Gaza
Gennabatein, see Gonia 19, 135 Gophna, see Gouphna 93, 135, Aphesdomeim
Ghazzeh, Wadi, see Basor
Ghuwein el-Gharbiye, Khirbet, see Gennesar, see Aonda
178, 184 Goren, Tel, see Engaddi Goren-ha-Atad, see Halon Anaial
Ghuwein el-Gharbiye et-Tahta, Gennesar, Lake of, see 120) Gennasareth, Lake 67, 134 Khirbet, see Anaia I 110 Ghuwein esh-Sharqiye, Khirbet, see Gennesaret, see Aonda_
Atad
Goshen, see Gesem
Gennesareth, Lake 38, 67, 134, AnaialI
Ghuwein et-Tahta, Khirbet, see
Geon, see Gaion 39, 132 Ger [The Ascent of Gur] Arebba_
Hammam, el-, see Amath I Hammam, Tell el-, see Goshen, see Goson
Goshen, see Phithom
Goson 42, 135 Gouphna 22, 135 Gouphnon, see Gouphna 45, 135, 44, 134
Anaia IT
Ghuzze, el-, see Gaza
Gibbethon, see Gabathon I
Gibeah [in Benjamin], see Gabaa Gerar, see Gerara
Abelsattein
Hammam Tabariyeh, see Amath Gerara 39, 134, 181 Geraritic, see Gerara 39, 92, 134 I
Hammat Gader, see
Gozan 27, 45, 135 Great Emath, see Aimath II Les Gibeah [in Ephraim], see Geraritica, see Gerara 39, 92, 134 Gerartike, see Gerara 92, 134 Gerasa 18, 25, 40, 55, 60, 63, 74, 58; Emmatha
Hammath, see Amath I Gabaas
Gibeah of Benjamin, see Gaba
LO7 135 Great Plain, see Great Plain of 134, 179-80, 182 Gergasei 40, 134 and Emmathdor
Hammatha, see Emmatha Hammath-dor, see Dees Gibeah of Saul, see Gaba I
Legio
Great Plain of Legio 43, 135 Gropina, see lermoth
Gubba, see Gabaa II
Gubbeta de Sipporin, see
Gergesa, see Gergasei 45, 134 Gibeah 'Orlah, see Bounos Gerisa, Tel, see Gethremmon Emmathdor
Hammeh, Tell el-, see Akrobustion
Gibeath-Kiriath-Jearim, see Tiai33
Gerizim, Mount, see Garizein gériwth Kimham, see Emmatha
Hammé Tiveria, see Amath I
Hammon, see Ammon II_
Kariath
Geththepher
Gudgodah, see Gadgada
Gufna, see Gouphna 22, 135 Gufne, see Gouphna 45, 135 Gur, The Ascent of, see Ger
Gibeath Pinehas, see Gabaas Gebaroth
Gesem 39, 134 Gesher, see Gesoureim
Gibeon, see Gabaon
and Emmathdor
Hammtah, see Amath I Hamta, see Nikopolis Gidirtha, see Gedour
Gidora, see Gader II 42 132 Geshurites, see Gesoureim
Gesom, see Gesoureim 42, 134
Gihon, see Gaion
Hamtan, see Aimath I
Hamze, Khirbet, see Menneth Helba, see Chalab
Heleph, see Meeleph
Iarimuth, see Ierimouth 61, 138 Oreb 88, 158 Horem, see Oram
Hormah, see Arma_
Iaseb 62, 137 Hananel, Tower of, see Heliopolis 28, 55, 98, 136 Helioupolis 28, 55, 98, 136, 170 Helkath, see Elkath
Hena, see Anaeogaua
Henadab 55, 136, 182 Hepha 63, 136 Hepher, see Opher Herakon 55, 136 Iassa, see Iessa 60, 138 Anameel
Ha Nasi, see Asenna II
Ha-negeb, see Anegb
Hannathon, see Anathon
Hannaton, Tel, see Anathon Hapharaim, see Aiphraim II Horonaim, see Oronaeim
Horonaim, The Ascent of, see lather 60, 137 lazer 16, 60, 137, 168, 182 Ibleam, see Ieblaam
Ares
and Aroneiem
Horonaim, Way of, see Ares Ibn Ibreiq, see Bane
Ibrahim, Tell, see Chotha
Ibshar, Tell, see Opher
Horvat Uza, see Aser II
Horvat 'Uzza, see Remmoth and Arbela II
Ha-Rabbith, see Rabboth Haradah, see Charadas
119; Ibtin, Khirbet, see Batnai
Heres, The Ascent of, see
Hosah, see Osa
Ares
House of Remmam, see Ibziq, Khirbet, see Bezek Haran, see Charran
Hereth, The Forest of, see Remman 81, 152 Icoc, see Eikok 52, 127 Arith
Hermon, see Aermon 50, 106 Hermon, Mount, see Aermon 50,
Hermon Mons, see Aermon
Herod Archelaus, Tomb of
Heroonpolis 55, 136 Heroonpolis (Goshen), see Haran, Tomb of
Idalah, see Iadela
Htan, see Hetam
Harat, Horvat, see Arath Harat, Khirbet, see Arath Harbaj, Khirbet el-, see IS) Hudeira, el-, see Asor II Ideala, see Iadela
Hudeira, Wadi, see Ares Hukkok, see Eikok
Hum, Tell, see Kapharnoum Humtah, see Amata
'Id el-Minya, Khirbet, see Adolam
Aksaph
Hareish, Khirbet, see Arath Har-Heres, see Bethsamus Harithiye, el-, see Arisoth Harithiyeh, el-, see Arisoth
'Id el-Miye, see Adolam
Idna, see Asennal
dna, see Asennal
Huqogq, see Eikok
Hurab el-Beid, Khirbet, see
Idoumaea, see Idumaea_ 60, 84,
Phithom 55, 150 Hesban, see Esbos Heshbon, see Esbos
Idumaea 32, 39, 48, 59, 84, 137 Maroth
Haritiye, see Arisoth
Hurshat Ya'ala, see
Hesy, Tell el-, see Agla
Hetam 55, 136 Hevron, see Arbo
Heyfah, see Hepha
Hgganni, see Enganna
Har Maoz, see Ephron!
Harmathaim, see Armathem Sennanein
Husn, Qal'at el-, see Hippe Idumaeans, Land of the, see
Idumaea 45, 137 Ieblaam [Egyptian] Seipha 38, 114 44, 62, 137 Husn, Tell, see Ramoth
Haror, Tel, see Gerara Harosheth-ha-goiim, see Husn, Tell el-, see Scythopolis Husn 'Ajlun, see Ramoth
Huwwara, el-, see Iadela
Ieblaam 44, 62, 137 Iebus, see Ailia 61, 107 Arisoth
Iecdaan, see Iekdaan 62, 137
Harran, see Charran Harun, Jebel, see Or Hierako 63, 136 Iechthael 62, 137
Hieramelei 63, 136 Iecmaan, see Iekmaan 63, 137
Hasa, Wadi, see Ares Hiericho, see Jericho 61, 137 Hiermochos, see Ierimouth 62, Tecnal, see Iekkomam 62, 137 and Zared
Ieconam, see Iekkomam_ 61, 137
138, 182 Hasan, Kefr, see Asna Iaar 63, 136 Iecthael, see Petra 79, 150 10, 61 Ha-Sela, see Petra
Haseroth [Sinai], see Aseroth
Hashmonah, see Asemona
Hierousalem, see Jerusalem labeir, see DabeiraI 61, 125, 136 Iecthan, see Iephthan 62, 137 Hilen, see Gelon
Iabeis Galaad, see Iabis 63, 136,
Iecthoel, see Petra 63, 137, 150 Hill of Foreskins, see Bounos 'edna, see AsennaI
Iabis 25, 136, 180 Iedna, see Ethnan 61, 130, 137,
Hasire, Khirbet, see Enasor
Akrobustion 33, 123 Iabis Galaad, see Iabeis Hill of Gareb, see Gareb
Hattin, Qarn, see Adami
Galaad 63, 136 62, 137 Hill of Hachilah, see Echela
Teflethi, see Iephlithi Haureiah, see Iadela
63, 133 Iabnel, see Iamnel 63, 137 Iefthael, see Geephthael Hill of Moreh, see More
Havilah, see Echela
Iaboc, River, see Iabok 136, 182 Iabok 60, 136 Iekdaan 62, 137 Iekkomam 61, 137 Hilu, Tell el-, see Abelmaelai
and Eueilat
Havvothoth-jair, see Auoth Hinnatuna, see Anathon
Hinnom, Valley of, see Iaeir
Hawwara, Khirbet el-, see Iabok, Brook, see labok 81, 136 Iekmaan 63, 137 Iabok, River, see Iabok 60, 136 Ieknal, see lekkomam 62, 137 Gaiennoum 132, 171-2 Hippe 21, 136 Hippodrome, The 49, 136, 182 Hippos, see Hippe 48, 136 Hippus, see Hippe 21, 48, 136 Iadela 63, 136 Iadela
Hawwarim, see Zephrona Iekthoel, see Petra 63, 150
laeir, see Auoth Iaeir 61, 66, 116 Telon 63, 137 Iafo, Ascent of 62, 136, 162 Tephlithi 62, 137
Hazar-addar, see Addara I Hazar-enan, see Asarenan Iephthael, see Geephthael Iephthan 62, 137 63, 133
Iafthie, see Iapheth 62, 137 Iagour 61, 136 Hirteh, Wadi, see Ressa
Hazar-enon, see Asarenan Hazar gaddah, see Aser II 53, 136
lagur, see lagour Ieracon, see Hierako 63, 136 Hittaia, Kefar, see Adami
Iamein 62, 137 Ierameli, see Hieramelei 63, 136 Hittim, Horvat Qarne, see Hazor-hadattah, see Asor II Ierfel, see Ierphel 62, 138 Adami
Iamin, see Iamein 62, 137 Hazar-shual, see Asarsoual leria 84, 98, 137 Hittites, Land of the, see Chettieim Iamneia 61, 137 Hazati, see Gaza
Iamnel, see Iamneia_ 61, 137 Iericho, see Jericho
Hazazon-tamar, see Asasan Tamnel [in Naphtali] 63, 137 Iamnia, see Iamneia 20, 34, 44, Hivite 40, 136 Thamar
Hazeva, see Asasan Thamar Ierimouth 61, 138, 182
Ierimuth, see Iermoth 63, 138 Hivria, see Iladela
Hobah, see ChobaI
Holon, see Chelon
and Gelon
61, 137, 169 Iermoth 63, 138 Hazor, see AsorI
Hazor, Tel, see AsorI
Hazor-Ashdod, see Aser III Ianahl, see Aneiel
Iermous, see Ierimouth 62, 138 Ianna_ 60, 137 Iano 62, 137, 182
Iermouth, see Iermoth 63, 138 Iermucha, see Ierimouth 62, 138 and Olo
Homs, see Emesa
Heara, see Naaratha
Janoua 62, 137, 182 Iermus, see Ilerimouth 62, 138 Hebra, see Chabon
Teron 63, 138 Ierosolyma, see Ailia 84, 107 Ianoun 62, 137, 166 Hor, see Or 98, 149 Hor, Mount [in the Negeb], see Hebron, see Arbo 2, 112 Ianua, see Ianoua 62, 137 Hefa, see Hepha
Ierphel 62, 138 Or
Hora, Khirbet, see Kabseel Ianum, see Ianoun 62, 137 Iapheth, see Iloppa 62, 138 Hefer, see Geththepher
Iessa 60, 138
Hefer, Tel, see Opher
Iessemoun, see Bethasimouth 61, Iareim, see Baal II 34, 61, 65, 117
Horeb, Mount, see Choreb Heir, Tell el-, see Magdolos
Iarim, see Baal II 34, 61, 65, 117 Horeb, Rock of, see Sour Heireiah, see Iadela
Jiz, Tell, see Gethremmon II
Jokdeam, see Iekdaan
Jokmeam, see Iekmaan
Jokneam, see Iekkonam
Jarmucha, see lerimouth Jarmuth [in Judaea], see Bersabee 92, 120 Ietaba 63, 138 Tetabatha 60, 138 Isdiid, see Asdod
Ierimouth
Ishwa', see Asthaol
Isimoth, see Bethasimouth 61, Ietan, see Iettan 62, 138 Jasol, see Asel
Ietheira 7, 52, 62, 63, 138, 182 Joktheel, see Petra
Jattir [in Judaea], see letheira Jawah, Tell, see Mephaath
Isimouth, see Bethasimouth 33, Tether, see Ietheira 62, 63, 138
Joppa 55, 89, 138 Joppa, Ascent of, see Iafo, Ascent Iethira, see Ietheira 52, 62, 63, 138 Jayil, Khirbet esh-Sheikh, see 121, 180 Iethlam, see Iethlan 63, 138 of
Bethphogor
Isimuth,, see Bethasimouth 33, Tethlan 6, 63, 138 Jordan, River 14-18, 20-1, 25, 29, Jazer, see lazer
Iskander, Khirbet, see lessa 'Tettan, see Bethanin 7, 62, 120,
32-3, 38-41, 43, 45-8, 50, 57-8, Jeba, see Gabaa I
60, 63-4, 68-9, 72, 75, 81, 86, 97, l Jebata, see Gabatha I
Islamiye, Jebel, see Gaibal Tezrael I [in Judaea] 62, 138 138, 168, 179-80, 182 Jordan Valley, see Aulon
Jordan Valley of Jericho, see Aulon Jebeil, see Bublos
Istib, el-, see Thesba
Iezrael II 26, 62, 88, 138 Jebeil, Khirbet el-, see Itaburion, see Thabor I, Tezreel, see Iezrael I 62, 138 Mount 63, 159 Itabyrium, see Thabor I, Azanoth
Ifshar, el-, see Opher
of Jericho
Jechthoel, see Petra 79, 1 Ijdur, Khirbet, see Gader II
Joseph, Tomb of 36, 83, 138 Jedna, see AsennaI
Mount 63, 159 Tjon, see Aian
Joshua, Tomb of 43, 58 Jotapata, see Ietaba
Jedur, Khirbet, see Gader Itheth, see lather 60, 137 Iksal, see Acheseloth
Jefat, Khirbet, see letaba Ithnan, see Ethnan
Itouraea, see Itouraea 91, 139 Iktand, Tell, see Libias
Jotbah, see Ietaba
Jotbathah, see Ietabatha
Jubeihat, el-, see Jogbehah
Jehoshaphat, Valley of, see Koilas Ile de Graye, see Ailath
Image of Shame, see Josaphat 141, 171-2 Itouraea (Ituria) 63, 139 Jehud, see loud
Ittah-kazin, see Eththa
Beelphegor 32, 119 'Imaret el-Khureisheh, see Or
'Imwas, see Nikopolis
Inachim, see Enacheim 53, 128 Inaczeb, see Eniakebzeb 52, 129 Judaea 2, 17-18, 27, 31-2, 34-5,
Ituraea, see Itouraea 63, 91, 139 Jekabzeel, see Kabseel
46, 55, 59-60, 63, 69, 76, 83, 86,
Jel'ad, Khirbet, see Maspha I Ituria, see Itouraea
89, 96, 139, 167 Judaea, Province of, see Jelamet el-'Atika, see Bethdagon Iud, see loud 63, 139 LiLo Jemeijmeh, Khirbet el-, see Iuda, see loud
Judaea 45, 61, 139 Iutta, see Bethanin
Inahl, see Aneiel
Inaraba, see Enaraba 53, 128 Inbachim, see Enacheim 53, 128 Incendium, see Empurismos 52, Judaean, see Judaea 34, 139 Eikok
Ivtan, Horvat, see Batnai Judah
Judeideh, Tell ej-, see Jenin, see Baithaggan (for a less Ivvah, see Anaeogaua
Iye-abarim, see Aie
ganni) likely suggestion, see En Morathei
17, 129
'Izbet Sarta, see Abenezer
India 14, 49, 59, 84, 88, 92, 98,
Judeiyida, Tell el-, see Jerablus, see Charchamus Morathei
Judgement I, the Well of 92, 139 Judgement II, the Well of, see
Jerahmeel, see Hieramelei 138, 169 Jerahmeel, The Negeb of, see 'Indur, see Aendor (in Hieramelei
Jezrael)
Bersabee 92, 139 Judur, Khirbet, see Gader II Jerash, see Gerasa
Inemec, see Enemek 51, 129
Jeria, see Ieria 49, 137 Jaazer, see lazer
Inhi, see Aneiel
Inland Western Syria, see CoeleJuheiniye, Qasr el-, see Asasan Jericho 14, 16-19, 22, 32-3, 40-1,
Jaba', see Gabatha II Thamar
47, 50, 57-8, 60-1, 75, 85, 137, Jaba', see Gabe II
Syria
Jal, Khirbet, see Rama III 167, 169, 178-83 Jabata, Khirbet, see Gabatha I [in In Lechei, see Enlechi 69, 129 Julias, see Bethsaida I 122 Jericho, Desert of, see Aulon 51, Jezreel])
Inlechi, see Enlechi 52, 129 Inthaath, see Enthaath 50, 129 Julias, see Libias
116, 138
Jabes, see Abelmaelai Jabesh-gilead, see Iabis Jabneel [in Judah], see Juljulieh, see Galgal I 132 Juma ed-Deir, Khirbet, see
Jerisheh, Tell, see Gethrem mon Ioppe, see Joppa 62, 63, 138 Ioppee, see Joppa
10, 22, Douma_
Jerusalem, see Ailia 1, 3, Iamneia
Jabneel [in Naphtali], see Ior, see Dan 46, 125 Iosaphat, Valley of, see Koilas
Jurn, Tell el-, see Engaddi 28, 38, 43, 45, 49, 61, 65-6, 74, 81, 84, 88, 91, 94, 97, 107, 138, Juth-tha, Jebel el-, see Iamnel
Iosaphat 67, 94, 141 171-2, 177, 182 Gethem
Jabneh, see Jamneia Iotapata, see Ietaba
Ioud 63, 139
Jeshu'a, Tel, see Sama
Jeshub, see Thaphphoue Juttah, see Bethanin Jabrish, Khirbet, see Bezek
Jacob's Well 90, 136 'Toudaia, see loud
Jesse, Tomb of 31, 169, 1 Jadira, Khirbet, see Gedour
'Toulias, see Libias Iphtah, see lephthan Jetheth, see lather
Jaffa, see loppa 138, 175
Jethlah, see Iethlan
Jagur, see lagour
Iphtahel, Valley of, see Kabas Sadeh, see Agros
Kabsaeim 65, 139
Jezar, Tell, see Gazer I Jahaz, see Iessa
Geephthael
Jezer, Tell, see Gazer I Jahazah, see lessa
'Ira, Tel, see Kabseel
Kabseel 66, 139 Jezirat Fara'un, see Ailath Jala, Khirbet, see Cheilon and Iralah, see Iadela
Jezreel [in Judaea], see lezr Kabul, see Chobal ael Gelon 124, 134 Jalame, Rujm el-, see 'Traq, el-, see Oronaeim
i ss Kabzeel, see Kabseel Kademim 66, 139 Kademoth 64, 139 'Traq el-Ghanubiye, see Danaba Jezreel Valley/Plain, see Great Plain Agalleim
es of Legio 6, 135
Jalbun, see Gelbous
'Iraq Um Sawwana, Khirbet, see KadesI 14, 17, 31, 39, 64, 85, 139 Ji, el-, see Aie
132) Jaljulye, see Galgoulis Danaba I
131,
Jib, el-, see Gabaon Jibleam, see Ieblaam
Kades II 65, 139 Jalud, 'Ain, see Ared
'Irbadeh, Khirbet, see
Kades III 66, 139 Kades, Desert of, see Kades I 50, Meeleph
Jalul, see Iessa
Jibya, see Gabaas
Irbid, see ArbelaI
Jamnia, see lamneia_ 61, 136
Kades Barne, see KadesI 64, 139 Jifna, see Gouphna
Janoah, see lano
Ir Haheres, see Asedek
Jilya, see Gallaia
Janua, see lanoua_
Iroth, see Eiroth 49, 127
Kadesh-barnea, see KadesI
Kadesh in the Land of the Hittites, Japhia, see loppa
Jisr, Tell el-, see Naaratha Irpeel, see Ierphel
Jisr el-Majami, see Japhletites, see Iephlithi
Ir-Shemesh, see Bethsamus Gesoureim
see Aeththan Adasai
Jarash, see Gerasa
Isaac, the Town of, see
Kadesh-on-Orontes, see Aeththan Kazel, Tell, see ChobaI
Kedar 38, 67, 140 Kedar, Land of, see Kedar 48,
Kedem 67, 140, 168 Anathoth
Khashim Zanna, Wadi, see Sabe Koteineh, Khirbet, see Katta
Adasai
Krak, see Deseth
Kadish, Khirbet, see Asedeim
Kheiriyeh [Ibn Ibraq], see
Kseife, see Malaatha Kudissos 66, 141, 183 Kafeir Wusta, see Chelon
Kafr Kanna, see Kana II
Kafr Thulth, see Baithsarisa
Kaissareia, see Caesarea Bane
Kue, see Cilicia
Kheleifeh, Tell el-, see Ailath Khirbeh, Tell el-, see Madon Khisas ed-Deir, see Ainon Khokh, Khirbet el-, see
Kedemoth, see Kademoth
Kedesh [in Galilee], see Kuntilla, see Ressa
Kurdane, Tell, see Aphek I Maritima
Kalendie, see Rekem II Kudissos
Kedesh [in Issachar], see Kades
Kurds, see Korduaioi
Kurine 67, 141 Kurnub, see Mampsis_
i389 Kedesh [in Naphtali], see Kades Kalhu, see Chalak
Kallirron, see Lasan
Kammona, see Iekkonam 66, 137, Hetam
Khorasha, Ras el-, see
Kuruntul, Jebel, see Sabeim III
Kedron 66, 140 Kedron, Brook, see Kedron Kedron, Fields of the, see Charadas
169, 183 Kamon 66, 139 Khuweilfeh, Khirbet, see 'Ain
Khuweilfeh, Tell el-, see Goson and
Kamous, see Kamon
Kanal 65, 139 Kana II 65, 139 Sikelag
Kibroth-hattaavah, see Mnemata Chomarreim
Kedron, Torrent of, see epithumias
Kibzaim, see Kabseim
Kidron, see Gedour
Laban, see Lobon
Kedron 97, 140 Keeila 65, 140 Kanah, see Kana II
Kan'an, Khirbet, see Aphaka Kanath 64, 75, 139 Kanawat, see Kanath
Labanath 68, 141 Labaoth, see Bethlabaoth 68, 121
Kefar Amiko, see Bethaemek Kefar Amiqo, see Bethaemek Kefar Iamma, see Iamnel
Kefar Nahum, see Kidron, Fields of the, see Laboemath, see Emath II 69, 128 Chomarreim
Kidron, Nahal, see Kedron Kidron Valley, see Kedron
Laboth, see Bethlabaoth 68, 128 Lacheis 68, 141, 183
Kane, see Kanal 65, 139 Kapharnaoum 67, 97, 139, 184 Kapseel, see Kabseel 6, 65, 139 Karchedon 59, 67, 140 Kariath 65, 140 Kariatha, see Kariathaeim 7, 64, 140, Lachis, see Lacheis 68, 141 Lachish, see Lacheis
Kapharnaoum
Kefar 'Othnai, see Legio Kefar 'Otnay, see Legio Kefar Soreq, Horvat, see 171-2
Kidshon, see Kades II Lachish, Tel, see Lacheis
Lacum, see Lakoum 68, 141
Kiilti, see Keeila
Kina 65, 141 Ladabar, see Dabeir II 69, 125, 140, 183 Asna_
Kefar Yamma, see Iamnel Kefr et-Tur, see Bethphage Kefr Hasan, see Asna_
Lahm, Khirbet el-, see Lamas Lahmas, see Lamas
Kinah, see Kina
Kariathaeim 64, 140 Kinrot, Tel, see Aonda
Kir, see Kurine
Kir-hadeseth, see Deseth Kariatharbo, see Arbo 64, 112 Kariathbaal, see Baal II 65, 117,
Laisa, see Dan 69, 125
Kir-hares, see Deseth
Kefr Thilth, see Baithsarisa Laish, see Dan
Keilah, see Keeila
Kariathen, see Kariathaeim
Kariathiareim, see Baal II 34, 65, Kir-hareseth, see Deseth
Lake of Tiberias, see Gennasareth, Lake
Lakkum, see Lakoum Lakoum 68, 141 Lamas 68, 141 Keilte, see Keeila
Kir-heres, see Deseth
71, 117, 180, 183 Karioth, see Kariathaeim 67, 140 Karka 66, 140
Keisan, Tell, see Masan
Kiriath, see Kariath
Kiriathaim [in Reuben], see Kela, see Keeila 65, 140, 183 Kariathaeim
Kiriath-arba, see Arbo Kelt, Wady, see Sabeim
Kenath, see Kanath
Karka, see Akarka Lamattara, see Lemattara 69, 142 Land of the Hittites, The, see
Kiriath-ba'al, see Baal I Kenaz 64, 140 Keni 66, 140 Keparadagon, see Bethdagon Karkaa, see Akarka
Chettieim I
Kiriath-jearim, see Baal II Karkaria 66, 140 113, and Arem
Karkor, see Ares and Karka Laodicea ad Libanum, see
I 34, 121
Karmelos I, see Chermel Aeththan Adasai
Laodicea Scabiosa, see Aeththan Kiriath-sepher, see Dabeira I 54, 61, Kirmil, Khirbet el-, see Kerak, el-, see Deseth
66, 124, 140 Karmelos II 63, 66, 73, 140 Karnaia I, see Asteroth Chermel
Kerak, Wady, see Ares
Adasai
Lapis Boen, see Lithos Boen 68,
Kir of Moab, see Deseth Kishion, see Kades II
Kerak-Kanata, see Kanath Kerak of Moab, see Deseth
and KisonI
Kison I 65, 144 Kison II 66, 141 Larnaca, see Citium
Kerireh, Khirbet el-, see Karnaein 64, 140 Karnaia II 64, 140, 183 Chepheira
Kerm el-Hadete, see Lasa, see Lasan 68, 141
Lasan 68, 141 Karnak, see Diospolis I Karneim, see Asteroth
Bethphasis
Kerraze, Khirbet, see Kison, Tel, see Masan Lasaron, see Laseron 68, 141 Kition, see Cittum
Laseron 68, 141 Karnaein 64, 115 Kitron, see Katta
Klauthmon 66, 141 Chorazein
Lasha', see Lasan
Karra, see Charran 95, 123
Kesalon, see Chasalon
Lauze, Khirbet, see Louza II Karta, see Acheseloth
Kartha, see Acheseloth 65, 104 Kartham 66, 140 Lavana, see Emath II
Koa, see Cilicia 67, 125, 141 Koilas (Valley), see Sephela
Kesla, see Chasalon
Lazarion, see Bethania
Lazarus, Tomb of
Ketron, see Katta 65, 140
Koilas (Valley of the Titans) 66,
Kezbe, 'Ain el-, see Chasbi Kfer Abu Khinan, see Chelon Khabur, Nahr el-, see Abor Karthan, see Kartham
Lebanon, Mount, see Kasimiyeh, Nahr el-, see Libanus
Koilas Josaphat 67, 141 Kochaba, see Choba II
Kokab el-Hawa, see Iermoth Kokhabah, see Choba II
Kokhay ha-Yarden, see
Mastraiphoth maim
Lebaoth, see Bethlabaoth Leben, Umm, see Lebona Khalil, el-, see Arbo
Khalladiyeh, Wadi el-, see Kasla, see Chasalon
Kasr Hadid, el-, see Ailath Kastron Mefaa, see
Geephthael
Lebna 68, 141
Lebo, see Emath II
Lebo-Hammath, see Emath Mephaath
Khallet Seride, see Serora Khanazir, see Adama I Khan et-Tujjar, see
Iermoth
Kokhay-Hayarden, see Kata ta Chrusea 64, 140 II
Katta 65, 140 Kattath, see Katta
Kaukab, see Choba II Kaukab el-Hawa, see Iermoth
Kophenos 49, 84, 98, 141 Korazin, see Chorazein
Sennanein
Khareitun, Wady, see Lebona 68, 142 Lebous 60, 142
Lebweh, see Emath II Maroth
Kharrtbeh, Ras el-, see Lechei 69, 142 Korduaioi
Iermoth
1o7
Lakoum
Maon I 72, 144, 168 Maon II, see Baian 74, 117 Maon [south of Gaza], see Magdiel II 73, 143, 183 Magdolos 70, 143 Magdolus, see Magdolos Magdon 73, 143 Magedan 74, 143 Magedane 74, 143 Mageddo, see Maggeddo 72, 144 Magedena, see Magedane 74, 143 Magediel 70, 143 Maggeddo 78, 144 Magron, see Magdon 73, 143 Mahaiy, see Aie
Mahalib, Khirbet el-, see Lussan, Wadi, see Charadas
Legio 17, 24, 37, 43, 57-8, 62-3, Luweize, see Louza III
66, 77, 142, 166, 169, 179-83 70, 143 Luweizie, Khirbet, see Louza Lehem, Horvat, see Lamas
Ill
Luxor, see Diospolis II
Lehi, see Lechei
Menoeis
Maoz, Har, see Ephron I Mapsar of Tyre 74, 144 Lejjun, see Legio
Lemattara 69, 142 Leontes, River, see Mastraiphoth
Luz, see Baithel
Luza I, see Baithel 30, 68, 78, 117 Magari, Khirbet el-, see Luza II, see Louza II 68, 142 Luza III, see Louza III 69, 142 Lydda, see Diospolis I 126 maim
Nebpsan
Maaqlub, Tell el-, see Iabis Maraalah, see Marala
Lesem, see Dan 69, 125
Lesha', see Lasan
Leshem, see Dan
Marah, see Merra
Letters, City of, see DabeiraI
Marala 73, 144 Marbouk, Wells of, see Leucate
Level Moab, see Araboth Chalab
Mahaliba, see Chalab
Mahalol, see Naalol
Mahanaim, see Manaeim Merra
Mar Elyas, Jebel, see Karmelos Moab 16, 111 Maacah, see Maacha_
Maacha 73, 142 Ma'ale Adommim, see Libanos, see Libanus 17, 19, 20,
Mare Mortuum, see Araba, Sea 39, 69, 142 Libanus 15, 18, 19, 20, 142 Maharrad, Tell el-, see of
Pharan
Maidan, see Maggeddo 74, 144 Ma'in, see Baloth
Adommim
Libb, Khirbet, see Lebous
Maresa_ 72, 144, 183 Mare Salinarum, see Araba, Sea Ma'alul, see Naalol
Maamah, see Naam _ 147 Maaman, see Naam
Libba, see Lebous
Libben, Khirbet, see Lobon
Maresha, Tel, see Maresa Ma'in, Khirbet, see MaonI
Maiumas, see Menoeis_
Maiumas Gazae, see Menoeis
Majadel, see Magdiel I 143 Majdal, see Magediel
Libias 16, 18, 32-3, 93, 142, 180
Maanith, see Menneth 73, 145, Libna, see Ressa
Mareshah, see Maresa
Mare Tiberiadis, see Gennesareth,
Maarath, see Maroth
Mabartha, see Neapolis
Mabsar 70, 142 Mabsara, see Mabsar 74, 144 Mabsar of Tyre, see Mapsar of Libnah, see Lebna
Libnah, see Lebona
Lake
Libnan, Jebel, see Libanos Mariboth, see KadesI 74, 139, Majnuna, Khirbet el-, see Iesrael Libnath, see Labanath
Marisa, see Maresa
Marom, see Madon 72, 143 Maroth 72, 144 Marous, see Madon 72, 143 Maryam, Tell, see Bethaun
Masa, see Maggeddo 74, 144 Masagam, see Masogam 74, 144 i388 Makaz, see Makes
Makeda 71, 144, 183 Makeloth 71, 144 Makes 74, 144 Mak-haz, Khirbet el-, see Lidebir, see Dabeir IT
Lifta, see Naphtho
Tyre 74, 144 Lisan, al-, see Lasan
Macathi, see Bethmacha 72, 121 Lisdib, see Thesba
Maceda, see Makeda 71, 144 Listib, Khirbet, see Thesba
Maceloth, see Makeloth 71, 144 Macha 74, 142 Machaas, see Macha 74, 142 Machameim 37, 142 Machamim, see Machameim 37, Litani, River, see Mastraiphoth Chaptheis
Makhneh el-Foga, Khirbet, see maim
Litany, Nahr, see Mastraiphoth Masan 73, 144 Masbac, see Masbak 73,144 Masbak 73, 144 Maschana, see Iessa 71, 138, 183 Machthoth
Makkedah, see Makeda maim
Lithos Boen 68, 142 142, 181 Machanarath, see Aonda 71, 108 Malaatha 17, 144 Livias, see Libias 16, 18, 32, 33, Malaathais, see Malaatha 52, 144
Masereth 73, 144 Malatha, see Malaatha 52, 62, Machathi 72, 142 Loaize, see Louza II]
Lobana, see Lebna 68, 141 Masfa I, see MasphaI 72, 145 Masfa II, see Maspha II 72, 145 Masfa III, see Maspha II 72, 145 Masfa IV, see Massepha -72, 145 144, 182 Macher, see Machthoth
Machmas 35, 73, 143, 178, 183 Machthoth 73, 143 Madaba, see Medaba 1, 145 Madbares, see Madbaris 71, 143 Madbarim, see Madbaris 71, 143 17, 144 Malathis, see Malaatha Malathis oppidum, see Lobna, see Lebna 68, 141 Lobon 68, 142 Lod, see DiospolisI
Lodabar, see Dabeir II 69, 125 Malaatha
Maledomnei, see Adommin MaAsil, see Masan
Maskhuta, Tell el-, see
Maledomnus, see Adommin 22, Lo-debar, see Dabeir II
Phithom
Masogam 74, 144 Madbaris 71, 143 Maddei 72, 143 Maddi, see Maddei 72, 143 Madeba, see Medaba
Madhkar, esh-Sheikh, see Lonza, see Louza II
Lotan (Lotan) 68, 142
Malhata, Tel, see Malaatha
Masos, Tel, see Arma Masourouth 71, 144 MasphaI_ 72, 145 Maspha II 72, 145, 168 Maspha III 72, 145 Maspha IV, see Massepha 72, 144 Masreca, see Masreka 70, 145 Masrefoth maim, see Mastraiphoth Loueith, see Aloth 69, 108 Malih, Khirbet el-, see Loueitha, see Aloth 69, 108 Abelmea_
Maliha, Khirbet, see Magdiel Louith, see Aloth 29, 108 Louza I (Luz), see Baithel 30, 68, Adolam
Madiam I 70, 91, 95, 143 Madiam II 70, 80, 143 Il
78, 117, 142, 183 Louza II 68, 142 Louza III 69, 142 Lower Beth-horon, see Bethoron,
Malot, Tel, see Gabathon I Ma'lul, see Naalol
Mambre 3, 13, 70, 144 Mambre, Oak of, see Mambre 46, 70, 143, Madian, see Madiam II
Madin, Khirbet, see Madon Madinat er-Ras, Rujm, see maim 72, 145 Masreka 70, 145
Lower
Lower Bethoron, see Bethoron,
Mampsis_ 14, 144 Mamre, see Mambre
Mamre, The Oak of, see Drus Masrekah, see Masreka
Aloth
Madmannah, see Medebena Madon 71, 143 Maedam, see Maggeddo 74, 144 Magao, see Maggeddo 74, 144 Magdala 72, 143 Magdala, see Magedan
Magdalsenna 85, 143, 183 Magdiel, see Magediel
Magdiel I 73, 143 Lower 33, 121 Low Moab, see Araboth
Masseba_ 72, 145 Massefa, see Massepha_ 71, 145 Massefa in Moab, see Massepha of Moab 16, 111
Mambre
Mamshit, see Mampsis Manaeim 72, 144 Manaim, see Manaeim 72, 144
Lubban, el-, see Lobon Ludd, al-, see Diospolis I Luhith, see Aloth
Moab 73, 145 Massepha [in Benjamjn] 71, 145 Massepha of Moab 73,145 Mastraiphoth maim 72, 145
Luhitu, see Aloth
Manasse 70, 144 Luith, see Aloth 29, 69, 108 Masuruth, see Masourouth 71, Mannith, see Menneth 73, 145 Luitha, see Aloth 69, 108 Lugim, see Lakoum
Mansurah, Khirbet el-, see
Mataba, Tell el-, see Danaba 74, 145 Memfis, see Memphis Memoria, see Mnemata
Milatos, see Miletos Monumentum Iosephi, see Joseph, Tie125 Matabi, Tell el-, see Danaba
Tomb of
Monumentum Rachel, see Rachel, Milawata, see Miletos epithumias 71, 146 Memphis 74, 145 Mendoh, Tell en-Nebi, see
Milcom, see Molchom I
Matha, see Malaatha
Miletos 74, 146 Tomb of
Mophath, see Mephaath 74, 145 Milh, Tell el-, see Malaatha
Millawanda, see Miletos
Aeththan Adasai
Me-Neftoah, see Naphtho Menneth 73, 145 Matheca, see Mathekka 71, 145 Mathekka 71, 145 Maththane, see Iessa 71, 138 Maththanem 71, 138 Morasthi, see Morathei 74, 146
Millo, see Melo
Morathei 74, 146 More 73, 146 Milwatos, see Miletos
Mimas, Tell, see Bethaemek
Mennith, see Menneth 73, 145 Menoeis 72, 145 Menois, see Menoeis Mephaath 72, 74, 145 Meribah in Kadesh, see Kades Moreh, Hill of, see More
Moresheth-gat, see Morathei Mosa, see Amsa_
Moserah, see Misadai
Mosfethaim, see Mosphetham 73,
Mosphetham 73, 146 Mattanah, see Iessa
Maximianopolis, see Legio Maximianoupolis, see Legio
Mazar, Tell el-, see Iekmaan
Mazin, Khirbet, see Maddei
Mazra'a, see Agalleim
Medaba_ 7, 60, 64, 71, 72, 145, 183 Medabus, see Medaba 71, 145 Medbah, el-, see Ethnan
Medbah, Tululel-, see Balaam Meddaba, see Medaba 72, 145 Medeba, see Medaba_
Mine, el-, see Menoeis
72, 145 Mineh, el-, see Menoeis
Minnith, see Menneth
Minuas 12, 146 I
Merneptah, Well of, see Minya, Khirbet 'Id el-, see Adolam
Naphtho
Me[r]neptoah, see Naphtho Meroe, see Saba I 89, 153 Merom, see Madon
Merra 71, 146
Minyas, see Minuas 12, 146 Migne, Tel, see Akkaron
Miriam, Tell, see Magdon
Miriam, Tomb of
Mosul, see Nineveh I
Moza, see Amsa_
Mozah, see Amsa_
Mudaiyina, el-, see Iessa
Mudaiyina [north], Khirbet el-, see
Misadai 71, 146 Misaida, see Misadai 71, 146 Mishal, see Masan
Madiam II 143 Mudaiyina [south], Khirbet el-, see Merran, see Madon 71, 143 Merrom, see Merran 71, 143, 146 Medebena_ 72, 145 Medeiyineh, el-, see Iessa
Medeiyineh, Khirbet el-, see Madiam IT 143 Mughar, el-, see Baleth Mishe'al, see Masan
Merrous 71, 146, 183 Merrus, see Merrous 71, 146 Mesad Tamar, see Asasan
Misor 71-2, 74, 146 Aie
Mujeidil, see Magdiel I
Mishrefe, Rujm el-, see Massepha
of Moab
Misrephoth-maim, see Thamar
and Iessa
Medeiyineh [north], Khirbet el-, see Mujib, Wady, see Arnon Mukharkhash, Tell el-, see Mesha, see Manasse
Madiam II 143 Medeiyineh [south], Khirbet el-, see Anerth
Mukhayyet, Khirbet el-, see Mastraiphoth maim
Mithkah, see Mathekka
Meshash, Khirbet el-, see Arma
and Balaam
Meshed, see Geththepher
Mesopotamia 12-13, 39, 49, 85, Madiam II 143 Medemena, see Medebena Naboth II
Mitla, Khirbet, see Magdiel II
72, 145 Mukheizin, Khirbet el-, see Mit Rahneh, see Memphis
Makes
Mukmas, see Machmas_
Muganna', Khirbet el-, see Medes, Tell, see Bethaabara Medine, el-, see Iessa
Miyshor, see Misor
Miyshowr, see Misor
Mizbah, Horvat, see Ethnan Mizpah (in Benjamin), see 93, 95, 146
Messab_ 73, 146 Medinet er-Ras, Khirbet, see Akkaron
Mugatta', Nahr el-, see Kison Aloth
Mediterranean Sea, see Phoenician Messe, see Manasse 70, 144 Metropolis Syriae Palaestinae, see Maspha
Mizpah (in Judaea), see Maspha II
Mugayyar, Tell, see Our of the Caesarea Maritima
Mevasseret Ziyyon, see Amsa Mezad Hasidim, see Maddei Mezad Tamar, see Asasan Sea 15] Meeber, see Meebra 74, 145 Meebra 74, 145 Meeleb, see Meeleph 73, 145 Meeleph 73, 145
Mizpah (in Moab), see Massepha
Chaldees
of Moab
Mizpeh (in Benjamin), see Murr, Bir el-, see Merra
Thamar
Musa, Jebel, see Choreb
Massepha_
Mizpeh (in Judaea), see Maspha
Mibzar, see Mabsar
Musa, Wady, see Petra
Mefa, see Mephaath
Musheirefeh, Khirbet el-, see Michmas, see Machmas Michmash, see Machmas Mefaa, Kastron, see Mastraiphoth maim 145
Mizpeh (in Moab), see Massepha of Mephaath
Mefaath, see Mephaath 72, 74,
Mushragq, Jebel el-, see Michmethath, see Aser IV Moab
Mnemata epithumias 71, 145 MoabI_ 15-16, 18, 27, 32, 41, 47-8, Masreka_
Mefjer, Khirbet el-, see Galgal and Machthoth
Musrab, Khirbet, see Rooboth Middin, see Maddei_
Midian, see Madiam I 47, 143
E32 Mefjer, Wady el-, see Sabeim
Mega Pedion, see Great Plain of 50, 54, 60, 67, 70, 74-6, 81, 85, Mutesellim, Tell el-, see and Madiam II
Maggeddo
93, 97, 98, 146 Moab II, see Areopolis 70, 113 Moab, Great, see Areoplis 70, 113 Moab, Plains of, see Araboth
Midye, el-, see Modeeim Migdal-eder, see Gader I Migdalel, see Magdiel I Migdal-el, see Magediel Migdal-gad, see Magdala
Legio
Megiddo, see Maggeddo
Megiddo, Tel, see Maggeddo
Moab
Moab, Valley of, see Gai III
Mehebel, see Chalab
41, Na'afa, see Mephaath
Migdal Gad, Horvat, see Meheleb, see Chalab
Me-jarkon, see Hierako
Mejdel, see Magedan
Mejdel, see Magediel
Mejdeleh, Khirbet el-, see
Mochmur, Brook, see Kana I Modeeim 73, 146 Modeim, see Modeeim Modi'in, see Modeeim
Magdala
Migdal Malha, see Magdiel II Naaliel 75, 147 Naalol 76, 147 Naam 75, 147
Migdal Nonnayah, see 73, 146
Magedan
Migdal Nunia, see Magedan Migdal Sebaya, see Magedan Migdalsenna, see Na'am, Tell en-, see lamnel
Naarah, see Naaratha
Na'aran, see Naaratha
Naaratha 76, 147 Magdala
Mekurkhsh, Tell el-, see
Modin, see Modeeim
Mofath, see Mephaath 74, 145 Molada 72, 146 Moladab, see Molada 72, 146 Moladah, see Molada
Molchom 74, 146 Moloday, see Asarsoual Sasima
Mela 73, 145 Melat, Tell el-, see Gabathon 75, 147 Magdalsenna
Migdal Tsab'aiyah, see Naba, see Naboth II Naba, Jebel, see Nabau I
Magedan
Migdol, see Magdolos
Migron, see Magdon
Mikhman, Nahal, see Kana I Nabate, see Nabeoth
Nabau I 18, 71, 147 Nabau II, see Naboth II I
Melchom, see Molchom 74, 146
75, 147, Mello, see Melo 74, 145 Melo 74, 145
and Molada
see)
Olives, Mount of 38, 45, 67, 97,
Nile, Khirbet en-, see Neeila 36, 41, 45, 52, 58, 62, 68, 83, 87, Nabe, see Kanath 76, 139 149, 170, 181 Nimrin, Tell, see Bethnamran Nimrin, The Waters of, see 90, 93, 147, 175, 177, 179-84 Neba, Jebel, see NabauI
Nebaioth, see Nabeoth
Nebau, Mount, see Nabau I 18, Nabi Samwil, en-, see Olo 98, 149 Ommein 16, 149 Ommim, see Ommein 16, 149 On I, see Heliopoulis 55, 98, 149 On II, see Bethaun 98, 121 Massepha_
Nabi Yunus, Tell, see Nineveh Nebereim
Nimrin, Wadi, see Nebereim Nimrod, see Assyria 95, 115 Nimrod, Kingdom of, see
Nablus, see Neapolis
Nabo, see Naboth II 75, 147 Naboth I, see Kanath 64, 75, 147 Naboth II 75, 147 Nachon 76, 147 Nachon, The Threshing-Floor of,
Nabeoth 76, 147 Nebereim 76, 148 Nebi Mendoh, Tell en-, see Onan, see Ainan
Assyria 95, 115 Nimroud, see Chalak
Nineveh I 46, 75, 83, 148 On-mehit, see Heliopoulis
Oolei 78, 149 Aeththan Adasai
Nebi Samwil, en-, see Ooli, see Oolei 78, 149 Nineveh II 75, 148
Opheir 98, 149 Opher 78, 149 Ophir, see Opheir
Ophni, see Aphnei_
Nisibin, see Nisibis Massepha_
Nebo, see Naboth II
see Nachon 76, 147
Nisibina, see Nisibis Naein, see Nain 77, 147, 166, 183 Naein Komee Nais, see Nain
Nafeth, see Napheth 76, 147 Naftho, see Naphtho 75, 147 Nageb, see Anegb 75, 110, 165 Nahalal, see Naalol
Nahal 'Anim, see Sabe II Nisibis 13, 148 Nisroch, see Nesarach
Neb6, Kefar, see Naboth II 1S; Nebo, Mount, see Nabau I Ophra, see Aphra 78, 111, 177 Ophrah of Abiezer, see Arbela Nitla, Khirbet en-, see Galgal
Nebpsan 76, 148 He Riley 112.
'Ophrat-Ba'ala, see Arbela II Or 98, 149 Oram 98, 149 Orannim, see Aroneiem 27, 114 Nitle, Khirbet en-, see Galgal I 132 No, see Diospolis HI
No-Amon, see Diospolis II Nobba, see Kanath 76, 139 Nod, see Naid
76, 105 Neceb, see Ademmei
Neeila 76, 147 Neela, see Naalol 76, 147
Nahal Eshcol, see Pharanx Neesib, see Nesib 76, 148 Nefath, see Dor of Nafath, Botrous
Nahaliel, see Naaliel
Nahal Kidron, see Kedron Nahalol, see Naalol
Orech 78, 149 'Oreimeh, Khirbet el-, see 70; Noorath, see Naaratha 76, 147, Napheth, and Nephethdor
Noph, see Memphis
Numeime, Wadi en-, see 126, 147 Nefeddor, see Dor of Nafath, Aonda_
Nahal Qidron, see Kedron Nahalul, see Naalol
Nahash, Khirbet, see Daidan Nahl, Tell, see Naalol
Nahr el-'Awaj, see Pharphar Naid 75, 147 Naim, see Nain 55, 77, 147 'Ormah, Khirbet el-, see 13; Napheth, and Naphethdor Arima
Oronaeim 98, 149 Oronaim, see Oronaeim 27, 98, 125, 147 Negb, see Ademmei
Negeb, Ha-, see Anegb Negeb of the Kenites, see Achor
Numeimeh, Wadi en-, see
Achor
Numeira, see Adama I_
Osa 98, 149 Numerirah, Wadi en-, see Keni
Ostracine 28, 149 Othom, see Bouthan 78, 123 Nebereim
Negile, Tell, see Dalaan Nain 55, 147 Namara, see Bethnamran 76, 121
Nuseybin, see Nisibis Nysa, see Scythopolis Nyssa, see Scythopolis Neiel, see Aneiel
Othon, see Bouthan 78, 123 Oulammaous 30, 78, 149 Oullama 6, 78, 149, 183 Neila, see Naalol 76, 147 Na'mi, Tell en-, see Ianoua
Naorath, see Naaratha 76, 147 Naphah Dor, see Dor of
Nein, see Nain
Nekeb, see Ademmei 76, 105 Nemerim, see Nebereim 76, 148 Nemra, see Bethnamran 76, 121 Our of the Chaldees 78, 149 Nafath
Napheth 76, 147 Napheth Dor, see Dor of Nafath, Ous 78, 149 Ozam, see Ozan 61, 149 Neneven, see Nineveh II 75, 148 Ozan 61, 149 Neoran, see Anerth
Nephath, see Dor of Nafath, Napheth, and Naphethdor 126, Oak, Valley of the, see Ela, Valley
Naphethdor 75, 147, 183 Naphthali, Mount 66, 147 Naphtho 75, 147 Napoleon, Tell, see Gethremmon of 56, 127 Oak of Abraham, see Mambre 13, 76, Napheth, and Naphethdor 126, 147 Nephtho, see Naphtho
Oak of Grief, see Balanos Nephtoah, Waters of, see Pacida Rivus, see Kison II
Naphtho
Nepsam, see Nebpsan 76, 148 Negeb, see Ademmei
Nergal, see Nerigel
N N N Penthous 31, 118 Oak of Lamentation, see Balanos II
Palaia Gaza, see Bethaglaim
Naqb el-'Arud, see Charadas
Nagb el-Biyar, see Remmon Palestine 2-4, 6-8, 14, 17, 20, 21, Penthous 31, 118 Oak of Mambre, see Mambre 46, 27, 34, 36, 39, 40, 47, 53, 57, 60Phares
Nar, Wadi en-, see Kedron
1, 63, 66, 86, 89, 92, 149, 168,
Oak of Mamre, The, see Drus erigel 76, 148 175-8, 182 Palmyra, see Thaiman-of-the-Palmeronias, see Paneas
Nasbeh, Tell en-, see Mambre
Oak of Zanannim, see esarech, see Nesarach 76, 148 Nesib 76, 148 Netele, Khirbet en-, see Galgal Massepha_
DTCES ae too Nasib, see Nesib 76, 148, 183 Paneas 18, 20, 26, 34, 46, 66, 69, Sennanein
Nasibi, see Nesib 76, 148
Oak-tree, see Drus 48, 126 Oath-taking, Well of, see Les, Natsrat, see Nazareth
Nauooth 76, 147 Panias, see Paneas 46, 149, 176, Neve, see Nineveh II
New Aser, see Asor II 19, 115 181, 183 Bersabee 92, 120 Oboth 98, 148 Na'tr, see Abel of the Paradise 91, 92, 149 Nezab, see Nazeb 76, 147 Nezib, see Nesib
Nibshan, see Nebpsan
Vineyards
Paran, El-, see Ailath
Pau, see Bethphogor
Ocho, see Olo 98, 149 Na'ura, en-, see Anerth
Odollam, see Adolam 51, 78, 95, Naveh, see Nineveh II
Nawa, see Nineveh II
Naweh, see Nineveh II
Pedias, see Sephela
Pegae, see Aphek II
Ofer, see Opher 78, 149 Nicaea
Nicopolis, see Nikopolis 19, 25, Pella 17, 21, 25, 48, 63, 149, 179Ofir, see Opheir
98, 149 33, 36, 42, 52, 53, 86, 148 Nicopolis Antoninopolis, see Nazara, see Nazareth 77, 147 80, 182 Peor, Mount, see Abelsattein
Peraea/Peraia 17, 48, 55, 60, 81, Ofra, see Aphra_ 78, 111 Nazareth 77, 147, 166, 183
'Ofrat, Horvat, see Aphra Oholibamah, see Olibama Old Aser, see Asor I Olibama_ 78, 148 Nikopolis
Nikopolis 25, 33, 36, 42, 52, 53, Nazeb 76, 147
Neah, see AnouaI
and Anoua II
149, 168, 179, 182 LOS WS:
86, 148, 179-83 Per-Rameses, see Ramesse
Nile, see Gaion 39; 132 Neapolis 13, 17, 23-4, 27, 30, 33,
Petora, Horvat, see Phathoura Ptolemais, see Akcho 24, 35, 62, Qisari, see Caesarea Maritima
Rafat, see Ierphel 138, 177 II
66, 73, 75, 108 Puteus Iacobi, see Jacob's Qisarin, see Caesarea Rafat, Khirbet, see Ataroth II
Petra 4, 14, 18, 27, 33, 39, 40, 55, Maritima
Rafeth, see Raseph 81, 152 57, 60, 63, 64, 66, 70, 79, 80, 84, 93, 98, 150, 167, 182 Phainon 48, 64, 93, 150, 182 Phanuel 92, 93, 150 Pharan 79, 92, 150, 167 Pharan, Desert of 17, 150 Pharanx Botruos 93, 150 Pharanx Ennom, see Well
QisariOn, see Paneas
Qishon, Nahr, see Kison II Qishon, Tel, see KisonI
Qorha, see Deseth
Qoteina, Khirbet, see Katta Qubeibe, el-, see Lacheis
Rafia, see Raphia 34, 152 Rafidim, see Raphidim 79, 85,
Rujm el-Bahr
Rakkath, see Kartham
Rakkon, see Herakon
Ram, er-, see RamalI_
Qades, Tell, see Kudissos
Qadi, Tell el-, see Dan
Qudeirat, 'Ain el-, see Kades Lel39 Qudeirat, Tell el-, see Kades I Quds al-Maqdis, el-, see Ailia Qumran, Khirbet, see Maddei RamalI_ 19, 23, 42, 73, 76, 80, 82, Gaiennoum 94, 132 Pharanx Zare, see Zared 93, 162 Pharphar 94, 150 Phasga, see NabauI 93, 147 Phasgo, see Nabau I 18, 19, 147 Phathori 94, 150 Qaisariye, see Caesarea
151, 183 Rama II 80, 151 Rama III 80, 151 Rama [of Benjamin], see Rama Maritima
Qalandiyé, see Rekem II
Qal'at el-Husn, see Hippe Qalat Sharqat, see Ashur
and Skacha
Wil) POS82e rail Ramaa, see Ramal 19, 151 Ramade, see Ain 82, 107 Ramah [in Asher], see Rama Quneitireh, Khirbet el-, see Qalirohi, see Lasan
Qaloniya, see Amsa_
Qaluna, see Amsa_
Qalunya, see Amsa_
Qamm, see Kamon
Qana, see Kana II
Qanah, Wadi, see Kana I Kartham
Qureine, Khirbet and Tell, see Phathoura I 93, 150 Phathoura II 93, 150 Phison 92, 150 Phelmoni Almoni 94, 150 Phoenicia 38, 39, 66, 89, 151 Karnaia II
Qureiyat, Khirbet el-, see Sit Ramah [in Benjamin], see Rama Kariathaeim
Qureiye, el-, see Ailath
Lio Ramah [in Naphtali], see Rama Philadelphia, see Amman _ 16, 18,
Qureyat, el-, see Kariathaeim Qurn el-Kibsh, see Sabama Quruntul, Deir el-, see 21, 26, 54, 60, 71, 73, 80-1, 150, 168, 179-80, 182-3 HOT esl
Qanawat, see Kanath
Qanawat, el-, see Kanath
Qanu [Egyptian], see Kanath Qarqar, see Karka
Qarne Hittim, Horvat, see Ramale, see Ain 82, 107 Ramallah
Ramat el-Khalil, see Mambre Ramath-mizpeh, see Maspha Phin, see Phainon 93, 150 Phinon, see Phainon 93, 150 Phison 49, 92, 150 Phithom 93, 150 Phoenician Sea—The 38) Sabeim
Quseife, Khirbet el-, see
Malaatha
Adami
Rame, Tell er-, see Libias Ramesse 79, 151 Ramié, see Rama II
Rammun, er-, see Remmon Quseimah, "Ain el-, see Akarka and Asemona_ 108, 115 Qusein, see Kabseim
Qarn Hattin, see Adami Qarn Sartabe, see Sarthan Mediterranean 66, 151 Phogo, see Bethphogor 94, 122 Phogor I, see Bethphogor 93, 122 Phogor II 93, 151 Phogor, Mount 16, 18, 32-3, 41,
Quyunjiq, Tell, see Nineveh I
Qaryatein, see Asarenan Qaryat el-Mekhaiyet, see Kariathaeim
Qaryathen, see Kariathaeim Qashish, Tel, see Elkath
Qasr Bint el-Yahudi, see III
Ramoth 80, 151, 183 Ramoth, see MasphaI
Ramoth-gilead, see Ramoth Ramoth-negeb, see Remmoth Ramuth, Tell, see Ramoth
46, 85, 93, 151 Phraathon 94, 151
Taphnas
Qasr el-Bahiz, see Selcha
Qasr el-Juheiniye, see Asasan
Raba, see Rabboth
Phulistieim, see Ascalon 92, 151 Pi-beseth, see Boubastos
Pi-hahiroth, see Eiroth
Pi-Rameses, see Ramesse
Raba, Khirbet er-, see Areopolis
Raos_ 81, 152 Rapha, see Ierphel
Raphaein, Valley of, see Thamar
Rabah, see Bethsamus
Rabathmoma, see Areopolis
Pisgah, Mount, see Agrou Skopia, Qasr el-Yahud, see Maddei Qasr ez-Za'feran, see Emekraphaeim 81, 128, 166 Raphaka 79, 152 Rabatou, see Arebba
Asedoth I, and Nabau I 106, Kademoth
114-5, 147 Rabba, see Arebba_
Rabba I, see Amman _ 16, 109 Rabba II, see Areopolis.
60, 113 Rabbah (in northern Judaea), see Place of Fire, The, see Eiroth 50,
Qasr Hajlah, see Halon Atad
Rapheth, see Raseph 81, 152 Raphia 34, 152, 181 Raphidim 79, 152 Raphidin, see Raphidim 85, 152 Qassis, Tell el-, see Elkath
Qastel, el-, see Ephron!
Plain of Esdraelon, see Great Plain
Arebba_
Rabbatamana, see Amman of Legio
Qasyun, Khirbet, see Kison I Qatamun, Khirbet, see Oram Qazatu [Egyptian], see Gaza
Plain of Jezreel, see Great Plain of
Raqa, Khirbet, see Iekdaan
Raqqat, Tel, see Kartham
Ras, Khirbet er-, see Bathoul Legio
Rabbath (Amman), see
Amman _ 81, 109 Rabbath-ammon, see Qedah, Tell el-, see AsorI
Plain of Moab, see Araboth
and Xil
Moab _ 16, 60, 111 Qedesh, Horvat, see Kades II Qedesh, Tel, see Kudissos
Qedish, Khirbet, see Kades II Ras, Tell er-, see Iabis
Rasabde, see Abdon
Amman _ 109 Rabbath Moab, see Areopolis Plains of Moab, see Araboth
Moab 16, 111 70,
Rabbathmoba, see Areopolis
Qeila, Khirbet, see Keeila
Qeimun, Tell, see Iekkonam
Ras Abu Tabat, see Tabath Ras 'Alil, Khirbet, see Oolei Platanus, see Balanos
Sikimon
Rasef, see Raseph 81, 152 Ras el-'Ain, see Aphek II Ras el-'Eleim, see Telem Ras el-Kharrtbeh, see Qeisari, see Caesarea Polis Antiocheon ton Pros to Rabbith, Ha-, see Rabboth Rabboth 80, 151
Maritima
Chrysorhoa, ton proteron, see Gerasa 134
Rabid, Khirbet, see Dabeira Qeseimah, 'Ain, see Akarka le
and Asemona_
Polis Antiocheon to pros Ippo, see Hippe
Anathoth
Rachel, see Chermel 81, 124 Rachel, Tomb of 49, 151, 170, 182 Qetonith, see Katta
Ras el-Khorasha, see Polis Pompeianain ton Gadareon, Qever Yosef, see Joseph, Tomb see Gadara
Qidsha, see Aeththan Adasai Charadas
Raseph 81, 152 Ras et-Tahtineh, see Semreim Ras et-Tawil, see Baalthamar Radgha, Tell er-, see
Poteein, see Botnia 33, 122 Abelmaelai
'pr, see Arbela II
Probatica, see Probatike 38, 151 Rafaca, see Raphaka 79, 152 Rafah, Tell, see Raphia
Qila, Khirbet, see Arith and
Keeila 113, 140 Qiryat Ye'arim, Tel, see Baal
Ras et-Tumein, see Baoureim Rafaim, Valley of, see Probatike 38, 151 Emekraphaeim 52, 81, 128 i; Rashidiyeh, Tell, see Osa
proteron, see Baithel 30, 117
Saida, see Sidon
Rume, see Ammathar
Rumeileh, Tell erBethsamus Rummane, see Ammathar
and Gethremmon I
Rummaneh, see Ammathar Rummaneh, Wady, see Reqqiet, Tell er-, see Herakon
Rathem 81, 152 Rathma 79, 152 Rbwn, see Lebna_
Sa'idiyeh, Tell es-, see Sarthan and Resafeh, see Raseph
Saphon
Resen, see Dasem
Saint Jean d'Acre, see Akcho Ressa 80, 152 Reth 81, 152 Rethom, see Iermoth 80, 138 Rezeph, see Raseph
Rebbo, see Arebba 80, 112 Rebla 81, 152 Reblatha, see Rebla 81, 152 Sa'ir, see Sior I]
Sais 89, 154 Salaba 88, 154 Salabein 88, 154 Geephthael
Ruwat, Khirbet er-, see Rooboth Reccath, see Karthem 80, 140 Recem I, see Petra 79, 80, 150 Recem II, see Rekem II 80, 152 Rhb, see Roob II
Rheithron, see Dan 46, 125 Salabim, see Salabein 88, 154 eets3 Ruweisi, Khirbet Tell er-, see Salah, Khirbet, see Alph
Salama, Caphar, see Alph
Rhinocorura, see Recordane, see Aphek I
Red Sea_ 14, 27, 31, 39-40, 49, 70, Bethsames II
Rhinokoroura 82, 152 Rhoboth I, see Baloth
Salama, Khirbet, see Alph
Salchad, see Selcha
Ry'an, Wady, see Sabeim
85, 91, 152 Refad, Tell er-, see Arphad Ri'a, Wadi, see Ainan
Ribba, Khirbet, see Arebba Riblah (in Gilead), see Arbela
Salchah, see Selcha
Refayid, Wadi, see Raphidim Salecah, see Selcha
Regev, Tel, see Aksaf
Saleei 86, 154 Saleim, see Abelmaelai ii, -ilgle) Riblah in Hamath, see Rebla Rehab, Sheikh er-, see Roob 29, 104,
M153 Rehap, see Roob II
Sa'ah, see Saraa
Ribleh, see Rebla
Saleim, Wady, see Salem III Salem I, see Ailia 61, 84, 107 Saal, see Asarsoual 86, 114 Rifa'at, Tell, see Arphad
Rigm al-Fashed, see Mnemata Rehob, see Roob III
Rehob [in Galilee], see RoobI
Rehob [near Beth Shan], see Roob Saaleim I 88, 153 Saaleim IIT 88, 153, 168, 184 Saaleim (in Judaea), see Salem II, see Neapolis 83, 84, 147 epithumias
Salem III 84, 154 Rihab, Khirbet, see Rooboth Il
Rehoboth-ha-Nahar, see Rooboth
Salib, Deir es-, see Salem III Saleei
jielSs Rimmon, see Ademmei Salim, see Abelmaelai 29, 104 Salisa I 88, 154 Saalim I, see Saaleim I 88, 153
Rehoboth-Ir, see Rooboth I Saalim II, see Saaleim I] 88, 153 and 'Ain
Salisa II 90, 154 Saalis, see Saaleim II
and Ammathar
Rehov, see Roob II
Rekem I , see Petra 79, 150 Rekem II 80, 152 Rekem III, see Arkem
Salkhad, see Selcha
Salmaneh, es-, see Selmona Saara, see Saraa 86, 155 SabaI 89, 153 Saba II 89, 153 Sabaeans, see SabaI
Sabam, see Sabama_
and Remmon III
Rimmona, see Ammathar Rimmonf{ah], see Ammathar
Rimmono, see Ammathar
Rimmon-Perez, see Remmon
Salon, see Naid 75, 147 Saloumias 84, 104, 183 Rekhesh, Tel, see Anerth
Salt, The Sea of, see Araba, Sea Rekkath, see Kartham 80, 140 Oe 58,, Ui Sabama_ 85, 153 Sabareim, see Zephrona 90, 162 Phares
Rimona, Horvat, see Remeil, Khirbet er-, see Salt, Valley of, see ArabaI 45, 73, Kademoth
Remeth, see Iermoth
Sabarim, see Zephrona 90, 162 Ammathar
Rinokoroura 82, 152 Saltus Geraiticus, see Gerara
Sabe I, see Bersabee 87, 153 Remfthis, see Armathem Salumias, see Abelmaelai 84, 104,
Sabe II 87, 153 Risha, Jebel er-, see Or Seipha 81, 114 Remma, see Aermon 81, 106 Remmaa, see RamalI 42, 151 Remmam, House of, see
Sama _ 86, 154 Samak, Tell es-, see Sabee I, see Sabe I 87, 153 Rissa, see Ressa
Sabee II, see Sabe II 87, 153 Rithma, see Rathma Riyash, Jebel er-, see Sabeim 88, 154 Sukaminos
Samar, Horvat, see Kina
Samareia, see Sebaste 89, 156 Sabim, see Sabeim 88, 154 Charadas
Robbo, see Arebba 80, 112 Robboh, see Arebba
Remman 81, 152 Remman 81, 152 Remmath, see Remmoth 81, 152 Remmon I, see RamalI 42, 151 Remmon II, see Ain 80, 107 Remmon III 80, 152, 169, 183 Remmon IV, see Remmon III Sacharona, see Sachoran 86, 154 Sachoran 86, 154 Samaria, see Sebaste 37, 89, 98, Sachoth, see Therama 86, 161 Robotha, see Rooboth II
Rogel, En-, see Rogel, Spring 156, 181 Sadad, see Asadadda
Samen, see Sama 86, 154 Sames I, see Bethsamus 87, 122 Sames II, see Sams I 87, 154 Samminiyeh, Khirbet, see Sadada, see Asadadda 86, 114 of
Rogel, Spring of 54, 80, 153 Rogelim, see Rogellein
Rogellein 81, 153 Rogellim, see Rogellein 81, 153 Romene, see Ammathar
Roob I [in Galilee] 79, 153 Roob II [near Beth Shan] 79, 153, Sadala, see Asadadda 89, 114 80, Sadeh, Kabas, see Agros
Sademoth 89, 154 by) Remmon V, see Remmon II 80, Someron I
Sadud, see Sarith
Remmon VI, see Ammathar
Samra, Khirbet, see Kina Samrah, Khirbet es-, see Safar, see Gadgad 85, 132 80, Safed el-Battikh, see
Remmon VII (Dimon), see Skacha
Sams I 87, 154 Sams II 87, 154 Bethanatha
Safela, see Sephela 89, 157
Roob III 80, 153 Rooba, see Roob II Rooboth I 79, 153 Rooboth II 79, 153 Deimmon 81, 126 Remmonfares, see Remmon Saffaruaim, see
Sephpharouem 89, 157 Samu'a, es-, see Asthemo TIE USS Phares 80, 152 Remmon-methoar, see Sandahanna, Tell, see Maresa
Safforine, see Araba I 18, 111 Saffuriye, see Diocaesarea
Sandahannah, Tell, see Ammathar
Remmon Phares 80, 152 Remmoth 81, 152 Remmoth Galaad, see Maresa
San el-Hagar, see Tanis
Sanim 88, 154 Safi, Tell es-, see Adama I
and Geth
and Zoor
Roos, see Raos_ 81, 152
Rosh, Tel, see Bethsames II Rosh ha-'Ayin, see Aphek II Rouma, see Arima 81, 113
Sanior, see Aermon 20, 50, 106 Safir I, see Sapheir I 87, 155 Ramoth 81, 152 Remmus, see Ain 81, 107 Sanir, see Aermon 20, 106 Safir I, see Sapheir Il 87, 155 Rubute, see Arebba_
Rujm el-Jalame, see Agalleim
Rujm el-Mishrefe, see Massepha of Sansana 86, 155 Safiye, Khirbet es-, see Maspha Remphis, see Armathem Sansanna, Horvat, see II
Safon, see Saphon 86, 155 Seipha 81, 114 Rephaia, see Ierphel
Rephaim, Valley of the, see Sansana
Moab
Ruma, see Arima 81, 113 Rumamin, Khirbet Umm er, see Sansannah, see Sansana_
Safsdfa, Khirbet, see Aendor
Sahm el-Jaulan, see Gaulon
Sahm el-Jolan, see Gaulon
Sant, Wadi es-, see Ela
Koilas
Rephidim, see Raphidim Saorth 86, 155
'Ain
Saphamoth 88, 155 Saphar, Mount, see Gadgad 835,
Sapheir I 87, 155 Sapheir II 87, 155 Sefela, see Sephela 89, 157
Shilhim, see Saleei
Shaaraim, see Saraein
Shiloh, see SeloI
Sefina, see Saphon 88, 155 Shabtuna, see Rebla Segor, see Zoor and Adama I 31, Shadtid, Tell, see Sarith
Shim'on, see Someron I Shimrom, see Someron I
Shimron, see SomeronI
54, 84, 85, 105, 162 Shaf, Tell, see Sephama
Seil el-Qerahi, see Rooboth II Shahazima, see Sasima
Saphir, see Sapheir II
Saphitha, see Geth
Saphon 86, 155 Seilin, Khirbet, see SeloI
Shajarat el-Kalb, see
Shimron, Tel, see Someron I Shimron-meron, see Someron Seiph, see Sopheim 88, 158 Sennanein
Seir, see Seeir 84, 156 I
Shalaf, Tel, see Eltheke
Shalha, Khirbet, see Saleei Saqati, Tell es-, see Seirah, see Seirotha
Shinar, see Sennar I
Bethphalei
Seirotha 88, 156 Seiyada, Khirbet es-, see
Shiqmona, see Sukaminos Shiqmonah, see Sukaminos Shalishah, see Salisa I
Shalkha, Khirbet, see Saaleim Sar, Khirbet es-, see lazer
Sara, Khirbet, see Enasor
Saraa 86, 88, 155, 183 Sasima
Sekakha, see Skacha
Lis)
Shobek, esh-, see Thaiman Shomron, see Sebaste
Shoget, Tel, see Bethphalei Shalkhah, Khirbet, see Saleei
' Saracens, Desert of the, see Sela I, see Alph 87, 109 Shallaf, Tell esh-, see Eltheke
Kedar 39, 67, 70, 92, 96, 140 Saraein 87, 155 Sarafand, see Sarepta
Sela II 89, 156 Shallaleh, Wadi, see Basor
Shor, Tel, see Marala
Sela, Ha-, see Petra
Sham, esh-, see Damascus
Shamhuna, see Someron I
Shamir, see Sapheir I
Shammam, Tell esh-, see Shual, see Soal
Shuem, see Sounem Shunem, see Sounem
Selbit, see Salabein
Selcha 85, 86, 156 Sarain, see Saraein 87, 155
Selebi, see Salabein
Sarar, Wadi es-, see Sorech I
Shur, see Sour
Shuweika, see Sokcho IV
Shuweike, see Sokcho IV
Sarara, see Serora 89, 157 Selei, see Saleei 86, 154 Selman, Wady, see Ailon II, Valley Dabasthe
Sarem, Tell es-, see Roob II
Sarepha, see Sarepta
Sarepta 89, 155 Shamsaniyat, Khirbet esh-, see Sansana
Selmon 88, 156 Selmona 85, 156 Shuweikeh, Khirbet, see Sokcho
and Sokcho III
Shamitt, Wady, see Sabeim
Shari'a, Tell esh-, see Gerara Sarid, see Sarith 87, 155 Sariphtha, see Sarepta
Selo I 87, 156 Shari'ah, Tell esh-, see Shuweiket er-Ras, Khirbet, see Sariptu, see Sarepta
Selo II, see Thenath 87, 161, 184 Sikelag
Sharon [city], see Laseron
Sharon [in the Plain of Jezreel], see Sokcho IV
Sarith 87, 155 Saron 89, 155 Selon, see SeloI 87, 156 Sibma, see Sabama_
Semeron I, see Sebaste 86, 156 Sibraim, see Zephrona SaronasI
Sharon [Plain of], see Saron
SaronasI 89, 155 Semeron II, seeSomeronI 86, 156 Sichem, see Neapolis
Sicily
Semri, see Semreim 87, 156 Saronas I], see Saron 89, 155 Sartaba, see Sarthan
Sarthan 88, 155
83, 147 Sharqat, Qalat, see Ashur Sharuhen, see Bethaglaim Semron, see Someron!
87, 158 Sicima, see Neapolis Sidon 69, 83, 89, 157
Semu', es-, see Asthemo
Senam, see Sennaan 87, 157
Shatt Hilla, see Chobar Sasima 87, 156 Sidon, Great, see Sidon 65, 157 Sidon, Lesser, see Sidon 65, 157 Sheba, see Saba I
Sattein, see Abelsattein 85, 104 Senan, see Sennaan
Sattim, see Abelsattein 85, 104 Saue 84, 156 Shechem, see Balanos Senanim, see Sennanein 87, 157 Sigor, see Zoar 31, 54, 84, 162 Sikimon
and Neapolis
Sheep Pools, The, see Bezatha Shegeib, el-, see Eltholad
Si'tr, see Sior If
Seneh, see Senna II
Sennal 85, 156 Sikelag 86, 157 Sikima, see Neapolis Sawafir, see Sapheir II
83, 88, 147
Senna II 88, 157 Sennaam, see Sennaan 89, 157 Saweh, Khirbet, see Sabe II 84, 147 Sikimon, see Neapolis Sa'weh, Tell es-, see Sama
Sayyadatah, see Sasima_
Scacha, see Skacha 87, 157 Sheikh, Jebel esh-, see Sennaan 87, 89, 157 Silla, see Sela II
Aermon
Siloam, Pool of 172-3 SennaarI 75, 79, 83, 84, 95, 157 Sheikh Abu Zarad, see Silta, see Iethlan
Sennaar II, see Sennaan 89, 157 Sennanein 87, 157 Scenae, see Therama 85, 161 Scythopolis 18, 23, 27, 29, 36, 44Thaphphoue
Silvani Monasterium, see
Gerara
53 55095, 02, 79), 156, 168, 176, Sheikh er-Rehab, see Roob II Seon, see Sounem 87, 158 Sephama 86, 157
179-83 Sea of Chinnereth, see Sheikh er-Rihab, see Roob II Sheikh Jayil, Khirbet esh-, see Simonias, see Someron I Simoniyah, see Someron I Sinmesos lay
Sepharvaim, see Bethphogor
Sheikh Madhkir, esh-, see
Sephpharouem Sephela 89, 157 Gennasareth, Lake
Sinai, Desert of, see Sin 85, 157 Sea of Galilee, see Gennasareth, Adolam
Sinai, Mount, see Choreb 85, 92, Sepheth, see Arma 88, 114 Sephina, see Saphon 88, 155, 165 Sephpharouem 89, 157 Sepphar, Mount, see Lake
Seba, Tell es-, see Bersabee
95, 124 Sheikh Zuweid, Tell esh-, see Bethaphou
Sebaste I 23, 46, 71, 86, 88, 89, Sina Mons, see Choreb
Shelah, Horvat, see Saaleim 156, 169, 181, 183 Sebaste II, see Salaba Sini, Wadi es-, see Sabe II
iM e153 Sion, Mount 29, 45, 89, 157, 169,
Sopheira
171-4
Shelat, Tel, see Iethlan
Sepphoris, see Diocaesarea Sebastee, see Sebaste I Shem, see Sabe II
Sior I, see Bouthan and Sour 86, Sebastiyeh, see Sebaste I 156 Sera, Tel, see Sikelag
123, 158 Shem, Tel, see Dabasthe Shema, see Sama
Shemesh-adam, see Adami Shemron, see Someron I Shepham, see Sephama Shephela, see Sephela
Shephelah, see Sephela
Shepher, Mount, see Gadgad
Sereda, see Serora
Seboim see Seboeim 84, 105, 156 Sion US Omlo7, Seria, see Ieria 49, 137 and Arebba
Secacah, see Skacha
Sior III, see Labanath 87, 141 Siphmoth, see Saphamoth
Serisia, Khirbet, see
Sy Baithsarisa
Sermeim 87, 156 Secacha, see Skacha
Sippori, see Diocaesarea
Secelec, see Sikelag 86, 157 Sira, see Seeira III
Serora 89, 157 Sechem, see Neapolis 87, 147 Sedrach 89, 156
Siret el-Bella'', see Seeira III Settip, see Thesba
Seyade, Khirbet, see Sirisya, Khirbet, see Seeir 84, 156 Baithsarisa
Shifat, Khirbet, see Ietaba
Ademmei_
Seeira, see Seirotha 88, 156 Sirotha, see Seirotha 88, 156 Shihin, see Anathon
Shaalabbim, see Salabein
Seeira I, see Seeir 86, 156
Siti Maryam, Wadi, see Shihor-libnath, see Labanath Shikimonah, see Sukaminos Shikkoeron, see Sachoran Shaalbim, see Salabein
Sha'alevim, Tel, see Salabein Shaalim, see Saaleim I
Seeira II, see Seirotha 88, 156 Kedron
Siyagha, Ras, see Agrou
Seeira III 88, 156
Sefama, see Sephama 86, 157
Tawilan, see Thaiman Syene, see Soene
Skopia
and Naboth II
Sorech I 88, 158 Sorech II 88, 158, 169
Tayasir, see Aser IV Syria, Inland Western, see CoeleTebah, see Masbak
Syria
Sorek, see Saraa 87, 155 Sorek, Valley of, see Sorech I Siyar, Khirbet es-, see Gader Tekoa, see Thekoe
Syria, Land of 59, 81, 84, 98, 158 Desi Syria, Southern (Damascus region), Telaim, see Telem
Soreq, Horvat Kefar, see Siyar el-Ghanam, Khirbet, see see Coele-Syria
Telem 91, 159 GaderI
Asna_
Soreq, Nahal, see Sorech I
Tell, et-, see Bethsaida I
Skacha 87, 157 Skenai, see Therama 85, 161 and Geba_
Sor Tyrus, see Tyre 89, 161
Tell, Khirbet et-, see Aggai Skull, Place of the, see Soual, see Asarsoual.
86, 114 and Ammoenia_
Teman, see Thaiman
Temple Mount 172-3 Golgotha 45, 135 Skuthopolis, see Scythopolis 23, Souan, es-, see Soene
Souba 88, 158 Soulem, see Sounem Sounem 87, 158, 166 Soupheir, see Sopheira 88, 158 Ta'anach, see Thanak
Taanath-shiloh, see Thenath
Ta'anek, Tell, see Thanak
Tabariyeh, Hammam, see Amath 158, 184 27, 29, 36, 44-5, 55, 58, 62, 79,
Tequ', Khirbet, see Thekoe Terah, see Thara
Sleihat, Tell, see Bethasetta
Slekhat, Tell, see Bethasetta
Terebinth in Sicima, see Terebinth Sliding Stone, The, see Sour 49, 84, 158 in Sikimoi 91, 159 I
Tabath 91, 159 Tabbath, see Tabath
Tabeh, see Ietabatha
Taberah, see Empurismos Tabor, see Acheseloth
Tabor, Mount, see Thabor I
Tadmar, see Thaiman-of-the-PalmSour Oreb 88, 158 Zoeleth
Terebinth in Sikimoi 91, 159 Terebinth in Mambre, see Sthif, see Sopheim 88, 158 Soal 78, 157 Soccho I, see Sokcho I 86, 158 Soccho II, see Sokcho II 86, 158
Stone of Bohan, see Boon Mambre 13, 42, 46, 144, 179 Terebinthos 22, 159 Terebinthus, see Terebinthos and Lithos Boen
Mie Stone of Help, see Bethchor Soccho III, see Sokcho III 87, 158 22,
Soccho IV, see Sokcho IV 87, 158 Socchoth I, see Sokchoth I 85,
Terqumiye, see Iephthan
Strato's Tower, see Caesarea Maritima 21, 123 Suba, see Arebba_
and Souba 88, 158 Succoth [in Egypt], see Sokchoth
Socchoth II, see Sokcho I 86, 158 Sochoh [in Sharon], see Sokcho Trees
Tadmor, see Thaiman-of-the-PalmTerrama, Khirbet, see Iezrael IP
Tneess
Taffih, see Bethaphou
Tesan, see Tessam 91, 159 IV
Sochoh [in the Negev], see Sokcho Tessam 91, 159 IT 978, 158 Succoth [in the Jordan Valley], see
Tafileh, et-, see Thophol
Tafnas, see Taphnas 91, 159 Tahath, see Thaath
Tahpanes, see Taphnas
Tahpanhas, see Taphnas_
Tahune, Jebel, see Raphidim Teveriya, Hame, see Amath I II
Socoh [in Mount Judah], see Thaad 59, 159 Therama
Thaanac, see Thanak 57, 160 Succoth-benoth, see Sokcho III
Socoh [in Sharon], see Sokcho Thaanach, see Thanak 58, 160, Baithanne
Thaath 57, 159 Thabor I, Mount 6, 20, 24, 26, 47, 90, 158 IV
Socoh [in the Shephelah of Suchar, see Neapolis Suchem, see Neapolis
68, 83, 87, 147, 183 Judaea—double village], see Sokcho II
Sodom 39, 68, 84, 157 Sodoma, see Sodom 87, 157 Taiyib, Khirbet, see Kina
58, 63, 66, 77, 87, 89, 159, 166-7, Taiyibe, see Masbak
Taiyibeh, et-, see Aphra and Arbela
Sueme, see Bethasimouth 179-80, 183-4 Thabor II, see Acheseloth 58, 104 Thafeth, see Thapheth 59, 160
Suesme, see Bethasimouth Sukaminon, see Sukaminos Sukaminos 62, 158 II 111-12, 178 Taiyibeh, at-, see Tob
Soen, see Sounem 87, 158 Tala'at ad-Damm, see Thaffa, see Asan II
Sulem, see Sounem 87, 158 Soene 70, 89, 157 Sofamoth, see Saphamoth 88, 155
Sultan, Tell es-, see Galgal I Thaffu, see Bethaphou 58, 120 Thaffue, see Thaphphoue 58, 160 Thaffuth, see Thaphphoue 58, Adommim
Tal'at ed-Damm, see Sultan, Tell es-, see Jericho Sofera, see Sopheira 84,88, 158 Sofim, see Sopheira 88, 158 Adommim
Talg, Jebel et-, see Aermon
Sumer, see SennaarI
Thafol, see Thophol 57, 161 Thaiman 59, 96, 159, 182 Thaiman-of-the-Palm-Trees Sofir, see Sopheira 88, 158 Sokcho I [in the Shephelah of Sumur, see ChobaI
Tamar, see Asasan Thamar
Sun, City of the, see Heliopoulis
Judaea—double village] 86, Tamara, see Asasan Thamar
56, Tanaath-shiloh, see Thenath
Sokcho II 86, 158 Sokcho III 87, 158 Sokcho IV 87, 158 Sokchoth I 85, 158 Sokchoth I, see Sokcho I Sunem, see Sounem 87, 158 Suphah, see Zoob
Suq Wady Barada, see Abela 81, 159 Ta'na el-Toqa, Khirbet, see Thala, see 'Ain 58, 107, 182 Thenath
Ill
Thalasar 59, 160 Tanis 91, 95, 159 39, 49, 84, 158 Thalcha, see Ain 7, 58, 107 Thamar I, see Asasan Thamar 14, Tannur, Khirbet et-, see Sur, see Sour 84, 158 85, 158 Kademoth
Sur, Desert of, see Sour
Thamar II, see Thaiman-of-the86, Ta'oz, see Asna
Taphet 171-3 Tapheth, see Thapheth 91, 160, Sur, es-, see Tyre
Sokchoth II, see Sokcho II 158, 184 Surandala, see Ailim
Palm-Trees 56, 159 Thamara, see Asasan Thamar 14,
Sireik, Khirbet es-, see Sorech Sokho, Horvat, see Sokcho I Sdlem, see Sounem
Taphnas 91, 159 Tappuah [in Ephraim], see II
Sur Oreb, see Sour Oreb 88, 158 Solitudo et Monasteria, see Susita, see Hippe
Thamnal 14, 21, 43, 59, 58, 160 Thamna II 57, 59, 160 Thamna III 57, 160 Thamna, Passage of 14, 160 Thamnatha, see Thamna II Choreb
Solomon, Pool of 172-3 Solyma, see Ailia 84, 107 Someron I 86, 158 Someron II, see Sebaste 86, 156 Sonam I, see Sounem 88, 158 Thaphphoue
Susita, Horvat, see Hippe '136
Suweime, Khirbet, see Taralah, see Therama
Bethasimouth
Tar'an, see Turos
Tar'elah, see Therama
Sawr Oreb, see Sour Oreb
Sweime, see Bethasimouth
Sycamina, see Sukaminos
Sycaminum, see Sukaminos
Sycaminus, see loppa 62, 138 Sychar 90, 158 Sychem, see Neapolis 68, 83, 84,
Thamnathsara, see Thamna I Taricheae, see Magedan
58, 84, Tarshish, see Karchedon and Soora, see Zoor and Adama I
Thamnia, see Thamnatika 21, 37, Tharseis 139, 160 105, 162 Sopheim 88, 158 Sopheira 84, 88, 158, 169 Tarsus 59, 159 Tartak, see Tharthak
Thamnica, see Thamnatika
26, Tatrit, Khirbet, see Sor, see Tyre 89, 161
Medebena
Sorec, see Saraa 87, 155
Thamnitike, see Thamnatika 21, 37, 160, 181 Thamsa 59, 160 Thanak 57, 160, 182 Thapheth 59, 160, 171 Thapheth, Altar of, see Tibneh, Khirbet, see Thamna Turos 91, 161 Tyre 3, 4, 20, 25, 44, 46-7, 66-7, Uruk, see Orech
Us, see Ous 78, 149 Tigris 49, 91, 161 89, 161, 176, 180-1 Usu, see Osa
'Uytn ez Zarah, see Lasan
and Saorth
Ti'innik, Tell, see Thanak Til-garimmu, see Thogarma Tilma, et-, see Telem
Timnah, see Thamnal
Tyre, Defence of, see Tyre 74, 161
Tyre, Fortified, see Tyre 74, 161 Tyre, The Stronghold of, see Uz, see Ous
Thapheth 59, 160 Thaphphou, see Bethaphou 58,
Thaphphoue 58, 160 Thaphphouth, see Tyre 74, 161 'Uza, Horvat, see Remmoth
Tyrus, see Turos 91, 161 and Thamna II
Tina, see Kina 91, 141 Tiphsah, see Thamsa
Tirzah, see Thersa
and notes on Thebes Tishbe, see Thesba
'Uzza, Horvat, see Aser II
and Remmoth
Thaphphoue 58, 160 Thapsacus, see Thamsa »Thara 57, 160
Ube, see Choba I Udm, see Ademmei
Titans, Valley of the, see Tharsa, see Thersa 59, 161 Tharseis 59, 160 Ula, el-, see Dadan II
'Ulam, see Oullama
Ulammaus, see Oulammaous Koilas 66, 141 dob S915 Vel Valley of Aijalon, see Ailom
Valley of Elah, see Ela
Tharsila, see Thersa 59, 161 and Thersila II
Tofeth, see Thapheth 91, 160 Togarma, see Thogarma_
Tomb of Abraham 13, 70 Tomb of Amos
Tomb of David 31, 169, 180 Tomb of Habakkuk 43, 53, 65, 30, Valley of Hinnom, see 78, 149 Gaiennoum
Tharsis, see Tharseis 59, 67, 160 Valley of Iphtahel, see Ullama, see Oullama 78, 149 'Umdan, Umm el-, see Ainon Ummah, see AmmalI_
Umm Deimne, see Balaam Tharthac, see Tharthak 59, 160 Tharthak 59, 160 Thebaid 89, 160 Thebes (in Egypt), see Diospolis
Geephthael
Valley of Jehoshaphat, see Koilas
Josaphat
181, 183 Tomb of Haran
Tomb of Herod Archelaus
Tomb of Jesse 31, 169, 180 Tomb of Joseph 36, 83 Tomb of Joshua 43, 58 Tomb of Lazarus
Tomb of Miriam
Tomb of Rachel 49, 170, 182 Tombs of Lust, see Mnemata ital and Medebena
Umm ed-Dabar, see Dabeir Valley of Salt, see Araba I Il
Thebes (in Manasseh) 58, 160,
Thebez, see Thebes
Theco, see Theko 58, 160 Thecua, see Thekoe 51, 160, 182 Theko 58, 160 Thekoe 58, 160 Valley of the Rephaim, see Th Umm el-'Amad, see BosorI
Umm el-'Awamid, see Ammon Koilas
Valley of the Titans, see Koilas
Umm el-'Azem, Khirbet, see Asan Virgin's Fountain, The, see Geion
Vision, Well of the, see Well of the Vision 92, 162 Umm el-Batsal, see Morathei
Umm el-Bayyareh, see Petra
Umm el-Hanafish, see Thekoua, see Thekoe 51, 160, 182 Epithumias 71, 146 Tophel, see Thophol
Tophet, see Thapheth 160, 171 Topheth, see Thapheth
Thelamos, Land of 59, 161 Thelamuge, see Thelamos 59, 161 Menneth
Umm el-'Umdan, see Ainon
Umm el-Witat, see Aloth
Umm er-Rasas, see Thella, see Ain 58, 107 Theman I, see Thaiman-of-theWadi es-Sant, see Ela
Waggas, Tell, see AsorI
Wall-of-the-Ruler, The, see Palm-Trees 56, 81, 96, 159 Theman II, see Thaiman 57, 59, Fs 159 Toron aux Fountaines Sourdes, Le, see Aphek II
Mephaath
Umm er-Risas, see Mephaath
Umm er Rumamin, Khirbet, see
Sour
Waqqas, Tell, see Asor I Warka, see Orech
Watan, Khereibet el-, see Tor Umm Sira, see Seirotha
Tov, Horvat, see Kina
Tower of Senna, see Senna I Thena, see Thenath 58, 161, 167,
'Ain
Umm es-Salafeh, Khirbet, see 85,
Trachonitis Tricomias, see lephthan Thenath 58, 161 Therama 58, 161 63, 64, 91, 161 Telem
Umm Gebeil, see Azanoth Umm Hamad, Tell, see Asarsoual
Watan, Khirbet, see
Thermoth, see Thaiman-of-thePalm-Trees 59, 161 Asarsoual
Waten, Khereibet el-, see and Selcha
Thersa 58, 161 Sarthan
Umm Kalkha, Khirbet, see Saaleim Troy
Molada
Waters of Nephtoah, see Thersila I, see Thersa 59, 161 Tsafon 'Ammato, see Saphon LY s3 Thersila II 59, 161 Tsil, see Thersila II
Tubas, see Thebes
Naphtho
Umm Lakis, see Lacheis
Umm Lagis, Khirbet, see Thesba 59, 161 Thimnath-serah, see Thamna Tubeiga, Khirbet et-, see Bethsour Waters of Nimrim, the, see
Nebereim
Way of Beth-horon, see I
Thogarma 59, 161 Tholad, see Eltholad 58, 128 Thophol 57, 161 Lacheis
Umm Leben, see Lebona
Umm Qeis, see Gadara
Upi, see Choba I
Upper Beth-horon, see Bethoron, Tubeigeh, Khirbet et-, see Bethsour i 122.
Bethoron
Way of Horonaim, see Ares Way of the Nomads, see Ares Tubihi, see Masbak
Tudmur, see Thaiman-of-the-Palm-
Thorah, Tell, see Marala
Threshing Floor of Nachon, The, Upper
Upper Bethoron, see Bethoron, irecse
Weeping, Land of, see Tujjar, Khan et-, see see Nachon
Klauthmon 66, 141 Weeping, Place of, see Upper 33, 121 Upper Galilee, see Naphthali, Sennanein
Tibbane, Khirbet et-, see Thamna Klauthmon 66, 141 Weibe, el-, see Oboth
Tululel-Medbah, see Balaam
Mount
Tiber, River
Tumilat, Wady, see Gesem
and Sokchoth I
Tumulus Archelai, see Archelaus, Ur, see Our of the Chaldees
Tiberias 17, 44, 45, 96, 161, 168 Well of Agar, see Barad 31, 119 'Urad, Tell, see Arad
Well in the Desert, see Aie 93, 106 Well of Hawara, see Merra
Well of Judgement I 92, 162 Well of Judgement II, see Tiberias, Lake of, see Gennasareth, Tomb of
Lake 45, 89, 134 Tibhath, see Masbak
Urartu, see Ararat
Tur, Jebel et-, see Garizein Urdunn, Nahr, see Jordan
'Ureime, Khirbet, see Aonda
and Olives, Mount of and ThaborI
Tibnah, Khirbet, see Thamna Bersabee 92, 120 Urfa, see Edessa
Tibne, Khirbet (Mountain N. of),
Well of Merneptah, see Ur of the Chaldees, see Our of the Tir, Kefr et-, see Bethphage Turan, see Turos
Naphtho
Chaldees 78, 149 see Gaas
Zerqé Ma'in, see Baarou
Zerqa Ma'in, Wady, see Zanoah, see Zanaoua
Yavne, see lamneia
Yavneh [in Judah], see Well of Oath-taking, see and Zanoua_
Zanoah, Horvat, see Zanoua
Bersabee 92, 120 Well of the Covenant, see Naaliel
Zey, Khirbet, see Zia
Iamneia
Yb'am [Egyptian], see Zanohah, see Zanoua_
Zanoua 54, 162 Zanu, Khirbet, see Zanoua
Bersabee
Well of the Vision 92, 162 Wells of Marbouk, see Merra Winepress of Zeeb, see Zia 54, 162, 182 Zib, ez-, see Achran
Ziddim, see Asedeim
Ieblaam
Yebnah, see Iamneia
Zanua, see Zanoua 54, 162 Zaphoeim 54, 162 Zaphon, see Saphon
Yehud, see loud
Yehudiyeh, el-, see loud
Yemen, see SabaI
Zif I, see Zeiph 54, 162 Eniakebzeb
Zif II, see Ziph 54, 162 Witat, Jebel el-, see Aloth
Zif, Khirbet, see Ziph
Zarat, Ez-, see Saorth
Yibna, see Iamneia
Witat, Umm el-, see Aloth
Wusta, Kafeir, see Chelon
Zif, Tell, see Ziph
| Zared 54, 162 Zarephath, see Sarepta
Zarethan, see Sarthan
Zareth-Shahar, see Saorth
Yibnah, see lamneia
Ziklag, see Sikelag
Yin'am, Tel, see Iamnel
Zin, see Sennal
Zin, Nahal, see SennalI
Zion, Mount, see Sion
Yiron, see leron
Yittan, Horvat, see Molada
Zarphath, see Sarepta Zarphathah, see Sarepta Zeb 54, 162, 167 Yizra'el, see Iezrael II
Zior, see Sior II
Ziph 54, 162 Ziph, see Zeiph 7, 162, 182z Yizre'el, Tel, see Iezrael I]
Xil 77, 162 Yodefat, Horvat, see Ietaba
Yodphat, see Ietaba
Yogqneam, Tel, see Iekkonam
Zeboiim, see Seboim Zeboim, Valley of, see Ziphron, see Zephrona
Zippori, see Diocaesarea
K Sabeim
Zebulon, The Steps of the Lot Yotbat, see Ietaba
Zir'in, see lezrael II
Ziyyon, Mevasseret, see Ythlah, see Iethlan
Ya'anin, Horvat, see Aneiel
of 62, 162 Zedad, see Asadadda Zeeb, Winepress of, see Yabis, Wadi, see Chorra
Amsa_
Zoab, see Zoob 54, 162 Zoan, see Tanis
Yabis, Wady el-, see Iabis
Yafa, see loppa
Yafo, see loppa
Yahud, Qasr el-, see Maddei Eniakebzeb
Zefron, see Zephrona 54, 162 Zoar 69, 76, 162
Zaanan, see Sennaan
Zabulon, The Steps of, see 54, 58, 84, 162 Zoara, see Zoar Zoba, see Souba
Zobah, see Souba
Zeib 54, 162 Yalo, see AilonI
Y4lu, see AilonI
Yamon, see Ianoua_
Yamin, el, see lanoua_
Zeib, Mountain of, see Ziph 54, Marala 73, 144, 169
Za'feran, Qasr ez-, see
Zocheleth, see Zoeleth Zeife, ez-, see Zeiph Zeiph 54, 162 Kademoth
Zoeleth 54, 162
Zafit, Tel, see Geth
Zafoim, see Zaphoeim 54, 162 Zafzafor, Horvat, see Aendor (in Ya'nin, Khirbet, see Aneiel Yanouh, see Ianoua_
Yanun, Khirbet, see Iano Yaquq, see Eikok
Yarmouth, see Iermoth Yarmuk, Khirbet el-, see 54, 162 Zogera, see Zoar Zeittn er-RAameh, Khirbet, see 54, 162 Zogora, see Zoar Zoob 54, 162 Rama III
Zela Haeleph, see Alph Zemaraim, see Semreim
Jezrael)
69, 76, 93, 162, Zoor, see Zoar Zagazig, see Boubastos
Zenan, see Sennaan
Zephath, see Arma.
Zephrona 54, 162 Zahra, Tell, see Araba III
Zakariyeh, Tell, see Azeca
Zalmon, Mount, see Selmon, 31, 54, 58, 84, Zoora, see Zoar Ierimouth
Yarmut, Tel, see Ierimouth Yarqon, see Hierako
Zora, Tel, see Saraa Zer, see Turos
Garizein, Gaibal 156, 133, 132 Zalmonah, see Selmona
Zanannim, Oak of, see Zorah, see Saraa
Zuph, see Sopheim
Zered, see Zared
Yarun, see Ieron
Yasuf, see Thaphphoue Zeredah, see Serora
Zurra', Khirbet ez-, see Zer'in, see Iezrael I]
Zernukah, see Sachoran Sennanein
Zanaoua 54, 162 Zannoua, see Zanaoua 54, 162 Yasur, see Aser II]
Geththepher
Zuzim, see Saue
Yatir, Horvat, see Ietheira Zerqa, Nahr ez-, see labok Yatta, see Bethanin
| 2 Chal b 8 = |
PALESTINE IN THE FOURTH CENTURY A.D.
+ 25( * banat BIBLICAL hx2 Capr " fart ge Booey |
AND OTHER SITES
i Ramoth Gomohal Motha| '
Thainatia sec joemen
ACCORDING TO
re ies
EUSEBIUS' ONOMASTICON
PHILADELPHIA
s i * Ldbon | S o a ro} To a a S So is} (ny oS = =| i Legend for maps 1-8 Town mentioned in Onomasticon Other Roman town & Roman road with milestone Conjectured Roman road with milestone Desert road Conjectured milestone ?
RUSAL EM Southern Palestine
Scale: 1:300,000
40 Roman miles ™~s © 13) oy Bethsames Il S & ."
Py hs —N 1) ~N Raunt Bare Masoba Ss Hanottia
® Ekdi Achzeiph| fi Ce os es, ree ahs o ss See od eee Me eee p Zenita a Come fp Kabritha j S Wasnt nanan ert, Janu 'efar Accho AO eet tale Bek QD wy.
Araba Il e Beth Netopna Remmot éSiaad ¢ CS lar:
Picciest 5 A aves Batna * Oot! e 1240 ethbeten) ~._.. fa : zEn Teena En Tab eAzanoth *.Geththepher® "ene RAL bon Fl Abel Sennarein?? e ; Nazareth eae Meeleph Beth S shetetfim % ~Dabeira i} Plain of ; _N _ Japhi ja 4 imc eee cheséloth "Mt. Thabor rod hooey © Carta, JERUSALEM Central and Western Galilee and Mount Carmel
-Louza III? e Kudissos Edraei II, a oN ene oo oe k _ Saphsopha Sg is ae cae Seti Niburaia og roth Bin , Merot ao ; é ae Jekoa :
Sepp = Acchayaron "Sse Kfar Akabia" oo eae Maon = Ki .
Kefar Meriori Ademmel . ces ie Sergunin Sayyidata _ Asedeim & Ketar .
Shabthai Enganni Phifotheria i oe . Sennabris actin j
A _; Enada? y ne & PS.
. , Sennanein?
Bethphasis7e "
\ SS eas "Abile +
© Carta, JERUSALEM Eastern Galilee and Gaulan
* Dabasthe." a:
Maggeddo .
__._LEGIO
Sindetion Mount Synz , > Crocodilonopol Kefar Sh Y ny Maiumas.
"Baithagg'tee os o= of ANTIPATR yYarkon e Aphe .
/ Gethremmon Il ?
© Carta, JERUSALEM Sharon and Samaria
Bia Mt. Gilboa Wer SRS) © Carta, JERUSALEM Eastern Samaria, Jordan Valley and Gilead
plosPouls 1 Serifin® Ln i i a ry a a ae a t ' gerne Portus i '
Giththani © Gedour? .
Cariathmaus, Azotus Paralius/, *. seseenes= : essence ' s tn Kefar Dirkhri ASKALO Maiumas Ascalon/ *'Saaleim Il Geth
ee Senn aN Phathourall =~ ' Lacheis De) Zegek = _ Burton. oe giulontal Ps 4 ae mn aenee 4-222 Lachei Agia '(Roman) oe "Chabon he eth Dailathe Sobila:
{JSycomazon i:.-4
—_ © Carta, JERUSALEM Southern Coast and Western Judea
_Ketai ee Sd "Gapio OS aR qModeeim < "lethlan - .
Enetaba Ae Salabein | <0 £ :
Facoro.s Aon ek .
| © Carta, JERUSALEM Southern Samaria and Judea
| Bethphogor, 'Bethphalei* ~~ moun ie we med Judean Desert and Moab