Abbreviations
Bible Texts, Versions, Etc.
ASV
American Standard Version
AT
The Complete Bible: An American Translation (NT: E. J. Goodspeed)
Barclay
The New Testament, A New Translation
Beck
New Testament in Language of Today
BHK
Biblia Hebraica Kittel
BHS
Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia
CEV
Contemporary English Version
CSB
Christian Standard Bible
ESV
English Standard Version
GNB
Good News Bible (see also )
GWT
God’s Word Translation
JB
Jerusalem Bible
KJV
King James Version
Knox
Holy Bible: A Translation from the Latin Vulgate
MLB
Modern Language Bible
Moffatt
A New Translation of the Bible, James Moffatt
Montgomery
Centenary Translation of the New Testament in Modern English
NA27
Novum Testamentum Graece, Nestle-Aland, 27th ed.
NAB
New American Bible
NASB
New American Standard Bible
NCV
New Century Version
NEB
New English Bible
NET
New English Translation (www.netbible.com)
NIV
New International Version
NJB
New Jerusalem Bible
NJPS
New Jewish Publication Society
NKJV
New King James Version
NLT
New Living Translation
Norlie
New Testament in Modern English
NRSV
New Revised Standard Version
Phillips
New Testament in Modern English, J. B. Phillips
REB
Revised English Bible
Rieu
Penguin Bible
RSV
Revised Standard Version
RV
Revised Version
Tanakh
Tanakh, a Jewish translation of the Hebrew Bible
TCNT
Twentieth Century New Testament
TEV
Today’s English Version
TNIV
Today’s New International Version
UBS4
The Greek New Testament, United Bible Societies, 4th ed.
Weymouth
New Testament in Modern Speech, R. F. Weymouth
Williams
The New Testament in the Language of the People, C. B. Williams
Old Testament, New Testament, Apocrypha
Ge
Genesis
Ex
Exodus
Lev
Leviticus
Nu
Numbers
Dt
Deuteronomy
Jos
Joshua
Jdg
Judges
Ru
Ruth
1–2Sa
1–2 Samuel
1–2 Kgdms
1–2 Kingdoms (LXX)
1–2Ki
1–2 Kings
3–4 Kgdms
3–4 Kingdoms (LXX)
1–2Ch
1–2 Chronicles
Ezr
Ezra
Ne
Nehemiah
Est
Esther
Job
Job
Ps/Pss
Psalm/Psalms
Pr
Proverbs
Ecc
Ecclesiastes
SS
Song of Songs
Isa
Isaiah
Jer
Jeremiah
La
Lamentations
Eze
Ezekiel
Da
Daniel
Hos
Hosea
Joel
Joel
Am
Amos
Ob
Obadiah
Jnh
Jonah
Mic
Micah
Na
Nahum
Hab
Habakkuk
Zep
Zephaniah
Hag
Haggai
Zec
Zechariah
Mal
Malachi
Mt
Matthew
Mk
Mark
Lk
Luke
Jn
John
Ac
Acts
Ro
Romans
1–2Co
1–2 Corinthians
Gal
Galatians
Eph
Ephesians
Php
Philippians
Col
Colossians
1–2Th
1–2 Thessalonians
1–2Ti
1–2 Timothy
Tit
Titus
Phm
Philemon
Heb
Hebrews
Jas
James
1–2Pe
1–2 Peter
1–2–3Jn
1–2–3 John
Jude
Jude
Rev
Revelation
Add Esth
Additions to Esther
Add Dan
Additions to Daniel
Bar
Baruch
Bel
Bel and the Dragon
Ep Jer
Epistle of Jeremiah
1–2 Esd
1–2 Esdras
1–2 Macc
1–2 Maccabees
3–4 Macc
3–4 Maccabees
Jdt
Judith
Pr Azar
Prayer of Azariah
Pr Man
Prayer of Manasseh
Ps 151
Psalm 151
Sir
Sirach/Ecclesiasticus
Sus
Susanna
Tob
Tobit
Wis
Wisdom of Solomon
Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Texts
CD
Cairo Genizah copy of the Damascus Document
DSS
Dead Sea Scrolls
1QapGen
Genesis Apocryphon (texts from Qumran)
1QH
Hôdāyōt or Thanksgiving Hymns (texts from Qumran)
1QIsa
Isaiah (texts from Qumran)
1QM
Milḥâmâh or War Scroll (texts from Qumran)
1QpHab
Pesher Habakkuk (texts from Qumran)
1QS
Serek hayyaḥad or Rule of the Community (texts from Qumran)
1QSa
Rule of the Congregation (texts from Qumran)
1QpMic
Pesher Micah (text from Qumran)
4QpNa
Pesher Nahum (texts from Qumran)
4QpPs
Pesher Psalms (texts from Qumran)
4Q44 (4QDtq)
Deuteronomy (texts from Qumran)
4Q174
Florilegium (texts from Qumran)
4Q252
Commentary on Genesis A, formerly Patriarchal Blessings (texts from Qumran)
4Q394
Miqṣat Maʿaśê ha-Toraha (texts from Qumran)
4Q400
Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice (texts from Qumran)
4Q502
Ritual of Marriage (texts from Qumran)
4Q521
Messianic Apocalypse (texts from Qumran)
4Q525
Beatitudes (texts from Qumran)
11QPsa
Psalms Scrolla
11Q13
Melchizedek (texts from Qumran)
11QTa
Temple Scrolla
Other Ancient Texts
ʾAbot R. Nat.
ʾAbot of Rabbi Nathan
Abraham
On the Life of Abraham (Philo)
Ad.
Adelphi (Terence)
Aeth.
Aethiopica (Heliodorus)
Ag.
Agamemnon (Aeschylus)
Ag. Ap.
Against Apion (Josephus)
Agr.
De Lege agraria (Cicero)
Alc.
Alcibiades (Plutarch)
Alex.
Alexander the False Prophet (Lucian)
Amic.
De amicitia (Cicero)
An.
De anima (Tertullian)
Anab.
Anabasis (Xenophon)
Ann.
Annales (Tacitus)
Ant.
Antigone (Sophocles)
Ant.
Jewish Antiquities (Josephus)
Ant. rom.
Antiquitates romanae (Dionysius of Halicarnassus)
1 Apol.
First Apology (Justin Martyr)
Apol.
Apologia (Plato, Tertullian)
Apos. Con.
Apostolic Constitutions
Ascen. Isa.
Ascension of Isaiah
As. Mos.
Assumption of Moses
Att.
Epistulae ad Atticum (Cicero)
Aug.
Divus Augustus (Suetonius)
b. ʿAbod. Zar.
ʿAbodah Zarah (Babylonian Talmud)
2–4 Bar.
2–4 Baruch
b. ʿAbod. Zar.
ʿAbodah Zarah (Babylonian Talmud)
b. ʿArak
ʿArakin (Babylonian Talmud)
b. B. Bat.
Bava Batra (Babylonian Talmud)
Baba Meṣʿa (Babylonian Talmud)
b. B. Qam.
Baba Qamma (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Ber.
Berakhot (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Ḥag.
Ḥagigah (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Hor.
Horayot (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Ker.
Kerithot (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Ketub.
Ketubbot (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Meg.
Megillah (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Menaḥ.
Menaḥot (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Moʾed Qat.
Moʾed Qatan (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Ned.
Nedarim (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Pesaḥ.
Pesaḥim (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Roš Haš.
b. Roš Haššanah (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Šabb.
Šabbat (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Sanh.
Sanhedrin (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Šebu.
Shevuʾot (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Soṭah
Soṭah (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Taʿan.
Taʿanit (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Yebam.
Yebamot (Babylonian Talmud)
b. Yoma
Yoma (Babylonian Talmud)
Bapt.
De baptismo (Tertullian)
Barn.
Barnabas
Ben.
De beneficiis (Seneca)
Bibl.
Bibliotheca (Photius)
Bibl. hist.
Bibliotheca historica (Diodorus Siculus)
Brev. coll.
Breviculus Collationis cum Donatistis (Augustine)
Bride
Advice to the Bride and Groom (Plutarch)
Cant. Rab.
Canticles (Song of Solomon) Rabbah
Cels.
Contra Celsum (Origen)
Cic.
Cicero (Plutarch)
Claud.
Divus Claudius (Suetonius)
1–2 Clem.
1–2 Clement
Comm. Dan.
Commentarium in Danielem (Hippolytus)
Comm. Jo.
Commentarii in evangelium Joannis (Origen)
Comm. Matt.
Commentarium in evangelium Matthaei (Origen)
Corrept.
De correptione et gratia (Augustine)
Cyr.
Cyropaedia (Xenophon)
Decal.
De decalogo (Philo)
Decl.
Declamationes (Quintilian)
Def. orac.
De defectu oraculorum (Plutarch)
Deipn.
Deipnosophistae (Athenaeus)
Deut. Rab.
Deuteronomy Rabbah
Dial.
Dialogus cum Tryphone (Justin Martyr)
Diatr.
Diatribai (Epictetus)
Did.
Didache
Disc.
Discourses (Epictetus)
Doctr. chr.
De doctrina christiana (Augustine)
Dom.
Domitianus (Suetonius)
Don.
Post collationem adversus Donatistas (Augustine)
Ebr.
De ebrietate (Philo)
Ecl.
Eclogae (Virgil)
E Delph.
De E apud Delphos (Plutarch)
1–2 En.
1–2 Enoch
Ench.
Enchiridion (Epictetus)
Ep.
Epistulae morales (Seneca)
Eph.
To the Ephesians (Ignatius)
Epist.
Epistulae (Jerome, Pliny, Hippocrates)
Ep. Tra.
Epistulae ad Trajanum (Pliny)
Eth. nic.
Ethica nichomachea (Aristotle)
Exod. Rab.
Exodus Rabbah
Fam.
Epistulae ad familiares (Cicero)
Fast.
Fasti (Ovid)
Fid. Grat.
De fide ad Gratianum (Ambrose)
Flacc.
In Flaccum (Philo)
Flight
On Flight and Finding (Philo)
Fr. Prov.
Fragmenta in Proverbia (Hippolytus)
Gen. Rab.
Genesis Rabbah
Geogr.
Geographica (Strabo)
Gorgias (Plato)
Haer.
Adversus Haereses (Irenaeus)
Hec.
Hecuba (Euripides)
Heir
Who Is the Heir? (Philo)
Hell.
Hellenica (Xenophon)
Hist.
Historicus (Polybius, Cassius Dio, Thucydides)
Hist.
Historiae (Herodotus, Tacitus)
Hist. eccl.
History of the Church (Eusebius)
Hist. Rome
The History of Rome (Livy)
Hom. Acts
Homilies on Acts (John Chrysostom)
Hom. Col.
Homilies on Colossians (John Chrysostom)
Hom. Jo.
Homilies on John (John Chrysostom)
Hom. Josh.
Homilies on Joshua (Origen)
Hom. Phil.
Homilies on Philippians (John Chrysostom)
Hom. Rom.
Homilies on Romans (John Chrysostom)
Hom. 1 Tim.
Homilies on 1 Timothy (John Chrysostom)
Hom. 2 Tim.
Homilies on 2 Timothy (John Chrysostom)
Hom. Tit.
Homilies on Titus (John Chrysostom)
Hypoth.
Hypothetica (Philo)
Il.
Iliad (Homer)
Inst.
Institutio oratoria (Quintilian)
Jos. Asen.
Joseph and Aseneth
Joseph
On the Life of Joseph (Philo)
Jub.
Jubilees
J.W.
Jewish War (Josephus)
Lam. Rab.
Lamentations Rabbah
L.A.E.
Life of Adam and Eve
Leg.
Legum allegoriae (Philo)
Legat.
Legatio ad Gaium (Philo)
Let. Aris.
Letter of Aristeas
Lev. Rab.
Leviticus Rabbah
Life
The Life of Flavius Josephus (Josephus)
Liv. Pro.
Lives of the Prophets
m. Bek.
Bekhorot (Mishnah)
m. Ber.
Berakot (Mishnah).
m. Beṣah
Beṣah (Mishnah)
m. Bik.
Bikkurim (Mishnah)
m. B. Meṣ.
Baba Meṣʿa (Mishnah)
m. B. Qam.
Baba Qamma (Mishnah)
m. ʿEd.
ʿEduyyot (Mishnah)
m. Giṭ.
Giṭṭin (Mishnah)
m. Ḥag.
Ḥagigah (Mishnah)
m. Ketub.
Ketubbot (Mishnah)
m. Maʿaś. Š.
Maʿaśer Šeni (Mishnah)
m. Mak.
Makkot (Mishnah)
m. Mid.
Middot (Mishnah)
m. Moʿed Qaṭ.
Moʿed Qaṭan (Mishnah)
m. Naz.
Nazir (Mishnah)
m. Ned.
Nedarim (Mishnah)
m. Nid.
Niddah (Mishnah)
m. Pesaḥ.
Pesaḥim (Mishnah)
m. Qidd.
Qiddušin (Mishnah)
m. Roš Haš.
Roš Haššanah (Mishnah)
m. Šabb.
Šabbat (Mishnah)
m. Sanh.
Sanhedrin (Mishnah)
m. Šebu.
Šebuʿot (Mishnah)
m. Šeqal.
Šeqalim (Mishnah)
m. Taʿan.
Taʿanit (Mishnah)
m. Ṭehar.
Ṭeharot (Mishnah)
m. Yad.
Yadayim (Mishnah)
m. Yebam.
Yebamot (Mishnah)
m. Zebaḥ.
Zebaḥim (Mishnah)
Magn.
To the Magnesians (Ignatius)
Mand.
Mandate (Shepherd of Hermas)
Marc.
Adversus Marcionem (Tertullian)
Mek.
Mekilta
Mem.
Memorabilia (Xenophon)
Midr. Ps.
Midrash on Psalms
Migr.
De migratione Abrahami (Philo)
Mor.
Moralia (Plutarch)
On the Life of Moses (Philo)
Nat.
Naturalis historia (Pliny)
Num. Rab.
Numbers Rabbah
Od.
Odyssey (Homer)
Onir.
Onirocritica (Artemidorus)
Or.
Orationes (Demosthenes)
Or.
Orationes (Dio Chrysostom)
Paed.
Paedagogus (Clement of Alexandria)
Peregr.
The Passing of Peregrinus (Lucian)
Pesiq. Rab.
Pesiqta Rabbati
Pesiq. Rab Kah.
Pesiqta of Rab Kahana
Phaed.
Phaedo (Plato)
Phil.
To the Philippians (Polycarp)
Phld.
To the Philadelphians (Ignatius)
Phorm.
Phormio (Terence)
Planc.
Pro Plancio (Cicero)
Plant.
De plantatione (Philo)
Pol.
Politica (Aristotle)
Pol.
To Polycarp (Ignatius)
Posterity
On the Posterity of Cain (Origen)
Praescr.
De praescriptione haereticorum (Tertullian)
Princ.
De principiis (Origen)
Prom.
Prometheus vinctus (Aeschylus)
Prot. Jas.
Protevangelium of James
Pss. Sol.
Psalms of Solomon
Pud.
De pudicitia (Tertullian)
Pyth.
Pythionikai (Pindar)
Pyth. orac.
De Pythiae oraculis (Plutarch)
Quaest. conv.
Quaestionum convivialum libri IX (Plutarch)
Quint. fratr.
Epistulae ad Quintum fratrem (Cicero)
Rab. Perd.
Pro Rabirio Perduellionis Reo (Cicero)
Resp.
Respublica (Plato)
Rewards
On Rewards and Punishments (Philo)
Rhet.
Rhetorica (Aristotle)
Rhet.
Volumina rhetorica (Philodemus)
Rom.
To the Romans (Ignatius)
Rosc. com.
Pro Roscio comoedo (Cicero)
Sacrifices
On the Sacrifices of Cain and Abel (Philo)
Sat.
Satirae (Horace, Juvenal)
Sera
De sera numinis vindicta (Plutarch)
Serm.
Sermones (Augustine)
Sib. Or.
Sibylline Oracles
Sim.
Similitudes (Shepherd of Hermas)
Smyrn.
To the Smyrnaeans (Ignatius)
S. ʿOlam Rab.
Seder ʿOlam Rabbah
Somn.
De somniis (Philo)
Spec.
De specialibus legibus (Philo)
Stat.
Ad populum Antiochenum de statuis (John Chrysostom)
Strom.
Stromata (Clement of Alexandria)
T. Ash.
Testament of Asher
T. Benj.
Testament of Benjamin
T. Dan
Testament of Dan
T. Gad
Testament of Gad
T. Iss.
Testament of Issachar
T. Naph.
Testament of Naphtali
Tg. Neof.
Targum Neofiti
Tg. Onq.
Targum Onqelos
Tg. Ps.-J.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan
Tg. Yer. I
Targum Yerušalmi I
Tg. Zec.
Targum Zechariah
Theaet.
Theaetetus (Plato)
t. Ḥul.
Ḥullin (Tosefta)
T. Jos.
Testament of Joseph
T. Jud.
Testament of Judah
T. Levi
Testament of Levi
T. Mos.
Testament of Moses
T. Naph.
Testament of Naphtali
t. Ned.
Nedarim (Tosefta)
Trall.
To the Trallians (Ignatius)
T. Reu.
Testament of Reuben
t. Sanh.
Sanhedrin (Tosefta)
Tusc.
Tusculanae disputationes (Cicero)
In Verrem (Cicero)
Vesp.
Vespasianus (Suetonius)
Virt.
De virtutibus (Philo)
Vis.
Visions (Shepherd of Hermas)
Vit. Apoll.
Vita Apollonii (Philostratus)
Vit. beat.
De vita beata (Seneca)
Vit. soph.
Vitae sophistarum (Philostratus)
y. ʿAbod. Zar.
ʿAbodah Zarah (Jerusalem Talmud)
y. Ber.
Berakot (Jerusalem Talmud)
y. Ḥag.
Ḥagigah (Jerusalem Talmud)
y. Pesaḥ.
Pesaḥim (Jerusalem Talmud)
y. Šabb.
Šabbat (Jerusalem Talmud)
Journals, Periodicals, Reference Works, Series
AASOR
Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research
AB
Anchor Bible
ABD
Anchor Bible Dictionary
ABR
Australian Biblical Review
AbrN
Abr-Nahrain
ABRL
Anchor Bible Reference Library
ABW
Archaeology in the Biblical World
ACCS
Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture
ACNT
Augsburg Commentaries on the New Testament
AcT
Acta theological
AGAJU
Arbeiten zur Geschichte des antiken Judentums und des Urchristentums
AIs
Ancient Israel, by Roland de Vaux
AJBI
Annual of the Japanese Biblical Institute
AJSL
American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literature
AnBib
Analecta biblica
ANEP
The Ancient Near East in Pictures Relating to the Old Testament
ANET
Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament
ANF
Ante-Nicene Fathers
AnOr
Analecta orientalia
ANRW
Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt
AOAT
Alter Orient und Altes Testament
AR
Archiv für Religionssissenschaft
ASORMS
American Schools of Oriental Research Monograph Series
ASTI
Annual of the Swedish Theological Institute
AThR
Anglican Theological Review
ATLA
American Theological Library Association
AuOr
Aula orientalis
AUSDDS
Andrews University Seminary Doctoral Dissertation Series
AUSS
Andrews University Seminary Studies
BA
Biblical Archaeologist
BAGD
Bauer, Arndt, Gingrich, and Danker (2d ed.). Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature
BAR
Biblical Archaeology Review
BASOR
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
BBB
Bonner biblische Beiträge
BBR
Bulletin for Biblical Research
BCPE
Bulletin du Centre protestant d’études
BDAG
Bauer, Danker, Arndt, and Gingrich (3d ed.). Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature
BDB
Brown, Driver, and Briggs. A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament
Blass, Debrunner, and Funk. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature
BEB
Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible
BECNT
Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament
Ber
Berytus
BETL
Bibliotheca ephemeridum theologicarum lovaniensium
BGU
Aegyptische Urkunden aus den Königlichen Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin, Griechische Urkunden
BI
Biblical Illustrator
Bib
Biblica
BibInt
Biblical Interpretation
BibOr
Biblica et orientalia
BibS(N)
Biblische Studien (Neukirchen)
Bijdr
Bijdragen: Tijdschrit voor filosofie en theologie
BJRL
Bulletin of the John Rylands University Library of Manchester
BJS
Brown Judaic Studies
BKAT
Biblischer Kommentar, Altes Testament
BN
Biblische Notizen
BR
Biblical Research
BRev
Bible Review
BSac
Bibliotheca sacra
BST
The Bible Speaks Today
BT
The Bible Translator
BTB
Biblical Theology Bulletin
BTh
Bibliotheca theological
BWANT
Beiträge zur Wissenschaft zum Alter und Neuen Testament
BZ
Biblische Zeitschrift
BZAW
Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
BZNW
Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft
CAD
Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago
CAH
Cambridge Ancient History
CahRB
Cahiers de la Revue biblique
Case
Centre for Apologetic Scholarship and Education
CBC
Cambridge Bible Commentary
CBQ
Catholic Biblical Quarterly
CBQMS
Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series
CGTC
Cambridge Greek Testament Commentary
CH
Church History
ChrT
Christianity Today
CHS
Johann Peter Lange, Commentary on the Holy Scriptures
CIG
Corpus inscriptionum graecarum
CIL
Corpus inscriptionum latinarum
CJT
Canadian Journal of Theology
CNTUOT
Commentary on the New Testament Use of the Old Testament
ConBNT
Coniectanea biblica: New Testament Series
ConBOT
Coniectanea biblica: Old Testament Series
COS
The Context of Scripture
CTJ
Calvin Theological Journal
CTM
Concordia Theological Monthly
CTQ
Concordia Theological Quarterly
CTR
Criswell Theological Review
DDD
Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible
DJD
Discoveries in the Judean Desert
DRev
Downside Review
DukeDivR
Duke Divinity Review
EA
El-Amarna tablets
EBC
Expositor’s Bible Commentary
EBib
Études bibliques
EBr
Encyclopedia Britannica
Eerdmans Critical Commentary
EcR
Ecumenical Review
EDNT
Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament
EgT
Eglise et théologie
EGT
Expositor’s Greek Testament
EncJud
Encyclopedia Judaica
ErIsr
Eretz-Israel
ERT
Evangelical Review of Theology
ESCJ
Etudes sur le christianisme et le judaisme (Studies in Christianity and Judaism)
EstBib
Estudios bíblicos
ETL
Ephemerides theologicae Lovanienses
ETR
Études théologiques et religieuses
ETS
Evangelical Theological Society
EuroJTh
European Journal of Theology
EvJ
Evangelical Journal
EvQ
Evangelical Quarterly
EvT
Evangelische Theologie
ExAud
Ex auditu
Exeg
Exegetica
ExpTim
Expository Times
FF
Foundations and Facets
FRLANT
Forschungen zur Religion und Literatur des Alten und Neuen Testaments
GBS
Guides to Biblical Scholarship
GKC
Genesius’ Hebrew Grammar
GNS
Good News Studies
GR
Greece and Rome
Grammar
A Grammar of the Greek New Testament; in the Light of Historical Research (A. T. Robertson)
GRBS
Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
HALOT
Koehler, Baumgartner, and Stamm. The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament
HAR
Hebrew Annual Review
HAT
handbuch zum Alten Testament
HBD
HarperCollins Bible Dictionary
HBT
Horizons in Biblical Theology
Herm
Hermeneia commentary series
HeyJ
Heythrop Journal
HNT
Handbuch zum Neuen Testament
HNTC
Harper’s New Testament Commentaries
Hor
Horizons
HS
Hebrew Studies
HSM
Harvard Semitic Monographs
HSS
Harvard Semitic Studies
HTKNT
Herders theologischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament
HTR
Harvard Theological Review
HTS
Harvard Theological Studies
HUBP
Hebrew Union Bible Project
HUCA
Hebrew Union College Annual
IB
Interpreter’s Bible
IBC
Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching
IBHS
An Introduction to Biblical Hebrew Syntax
IBS
Irish Biblical Studies
ICC
International Critical Commentary
IDB
Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible
IDBSup
Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible: Supplement
IEJ
Israel Exploration Journal
IJT
Indian Journal of Theology
Imm
Immanuel
Int
Interpretation
ISBE
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 2d ed.
IVPBBC
IVP Bible Background Commentary
IVPNTC
IVP New Testament Commentary
Journal of the American Academy of Religion
JAARSup
JAAR Supplement Series
JANESCU
Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society of Columbia University
JAOS
Journal of the American Oriental Society
JAOSSup
Journal of the American Oriental Society Supplement Series
JBL
Journal of Biblical Literature
JBMW
Journal for Biblical Manhood and Womanhood
JBQ
Jewish Biblical Quaterly
JBR
Journal of Bible and Religion
JCS
Journal of Cuneiform Studies
Jeev
Jeevadhara
JE
Jewish Encyclopedia
JETS
Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society
JJS
Journal of Jewish Studies
JNES
Journal of Near Eastern Studies
JNSL
Journal of Northwest Semitic Languages
JPOS
Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society
JQR
Jewish Quarterly Review
JRS
Journal of Roman Studies
JSHJ
Journal for the Study of the Historical Jesus
JSNT
Journal for the Study of the New Testament
JSNTSup
JSNT Supplement Series
JSOT
Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
JSOTSup
JSOT Supplement Series
JSP
Journal for the Study of the Pseudepigrapha
JSS
Journal of Semitic Studies
JSSEA
Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities
JTC
Journal for Theology and the Church
JTS
Journal of Theological Studies
K&D
Keil and Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament
KB
Koehler-Baumgartner, Hebräisches und Aramäisches Lexicon zum Alten Testament (first or second edition; third edition is HALOT)
KEK
Kritisch-exegetischer Kommentar über das Neue Testament
KTU
Die keilalphabetischen Texte aus Ugarit
L&N
Louw and Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains
LCC
Library of Christian Classics
LCL
Loeb Classical Library
LEC
Library of Early Christianity
LNTS
Library of New Testament Studies
LS
Louvain Studies
LSJ
Liddell, Scott, and Jones. A Greek-English Lexicon
LTP
Laval théologique et philosophique
MM
Moulton and Milligan. The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament
MSJ
The Master’s Seminary Journal
NAC
New American Commentary
NBC
New Bible Commentary, rev. ed.
NBD
New Bible Dictionary, 2d ed.
NCBC
New Century Bible Commentary
Neot
Neotestamentica
NewDocs
New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity
NIBC
New International Biblical Commentary
NICNT
New International Commentary on the New Testament
NICOT
New International Commentary on the Old Testament
New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology
NIDOTTE
New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis
NIGTC
New International Greek Testament Commentary
NIVAC
NIV Application Commentary
NIVSB
Zondervan NIV Study Bible
Notes
Notes on Translation
NovT
Novum Testamentum
NovTSup
Novum Testamentum Supplements
NPNF
Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers
NRTh
La nouvelle revue théologique
NSBT
New Testament Studies in Biblical Theology
NTC
New Testament Commentary (Baker)
NTD
Das Neue Testament Deutsch
NTG
New Testament Guides
NTOA
Novum Testamentum et orbis antiquus
NTS
New Testament Studies
NTT
New Testament Theology
NTTS
New Testament Tools and Studies
OBO
Orbis biblicus et orientalis
OJRS
Ohio Journal of Religious Studies
OLA
Orientalia lovaniensia analecta
Or
Orientalia (NS)
OTE
Old Testament Essays
OTG
Old Testament Guides
OTL
Old Testament Library
OTS
Old Testament Studies
OtSt
Oudtestamentische Studien
PEGLMBS
Proceedings, Eastern Great Lakes and Midwest Bible Societies
PEQ
Palestine Exploration Quarterly
PG
Patrologia graeca
PL
Patrologia latina
PNTC
Pillar New Testament Commentary
Presb
Presbyterion
PresR
Presbyterian Review
PRSt
Perspectives in Religious Studies
PTMS
Pittsburgh Theological Monograph Series
PTR
Princeton Theological Review
RB
Revue biblique
RBibLit
Review of Biblical Literature
RefJ
Reformed Journal
RelSRev
Religious Studies Review
ResQ
Restoration Quarterly
RevExp
Review and Expositor
RevQ
Revue de Qumran
RevScRel
Revue des sciences religieuses
RHPR
Revue d’histoire et de philosophie religieuses
RTR
Reformed Theological Review
SAOC
Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilizations
SBB
Stuttgarter biblische Beiträge
SBG
Studies in Biblical Greek
SBJT
Southern Baptist Journal of Theology
SBLDS
Society of Biblical Literature Dissertation Series
SBLSP
Society of Biblical Literature Seminar Papers
SBLWAW
Society of Biblical Literature Writings from the Ancient World
SBT
Studies in Biblical Theology
ScEccl
Sciences ecclésiastiques
ScEs
Science et esprit
ScrHier
Scripta hierosolymitana
SE
Studia evangelica
SEG
Supplementum epigraphicum graecum
Sem
Semitica
SJLA
Studies in Judaism of Late Antiquity
Scottish Journal of Theology
SNT
Studien zum Neuen Testament
SNTSMS
Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series
SNTSU
Studien zum Neuen Testament und seiner Umwelt
SP
Sacra Pagina
SR
Studies in Religion
ST
Studia theologica
Str-B
Strack, H. L., and P. Billerbeck, Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch
StudBT
Studia biblica et theologica
SUNT
Studien zur Umwelt des Neuen Testaments
SVF
Stoicorum veterum fragmenta
SVT
Studia in Veteris Testamenti
SwJT
Southwestern Journal of Theology
TA
Tel Aviv
TBl
Theologische Blätter
TBT
The Bible Today
TDNT
Kittel and Friedrich. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament
TDOT
Botterweck and Ringgren. Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament
TF
Theologische Forschung
THAT
Theologisches Handwörterbuch zum Alten Testament
Them
Themelios
ThEv
Theologia Evangelica
THKNT
Theologischer Handkommentar zum Neuen Testament
ThR
Theologische Rundschau
ThTo
Theology Today
TJ
Trinity Journal
TLNT
Theological Lexicon of the New Testament
TLOT
Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament
TLZ
Theologische Literaturzeitung
TNTC
Tyndale New Testament Commentaries
TOTC
Tyndale Old Testament Commentaries
TQ
Theologische Quartalschrift
TS
Theological Studies
TSAJ
Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum
TWOT
Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament
TynBul
Tyndale Bulletin
TZ
Theologische Zeitschrift
UBD
Unger’s Bible Dictionary
UF
Ugarit-Forschungen
UT
Ugaritic Textbook
VE
Vox evangelica
VT
Vetus Testamentum
VTSup
Supplements to Vetus Testamentum
WBC
Word Biblical Commentary
WBE
Wycliffe Bible Encyclopedia
WMANT
Wissenschaftliche Monographien zum Alten und Neuen Testament
WTJ
Westminster Theological Journal
WUNT
Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament
YCS
Yale Classical Studies
ZAH
Zeitschrift für Althebräistik
ZAW
Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft
ZKT
Zeitschrift für katholische Theologie
ZNW
Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älterern Kirche
ZPEB
Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible
ZTK
Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche
ZWT
Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Theologie
AD
anno Domini (in the year of [our] Lord)
Akkad.
Akkadian
Arab.
Arabic
Aram.
Aramaic
AUC
from the year of the founding of Rome
BC
before Christ
Byz
The reading of the Byzantine witnesses
ca.
circa (around, about, approximately)
cf.
confer, compare
ch(s).
chapter(s)
d.
died
diss.
dissertation
ed(s).
editor(s), edited by, edition
e.g.
exempli gratia, for example
esp.
especially
et al.
et alii, and others
EV
English versions of the Bible
f(f).
and the following one(s)
fig.
figuratively
frg.
fragment
FS
Festschrift
Gk.
Greek
GK
Goodrick & Kohlenberger numbering system
Heb.
Hebrew
ibid.
ibidem, in the same place
idem
that which was mentioned before, same, as in same author
i.e.
id est, that is
JPS
Jewish Publication Society
Lat.
Latin
lit.
literally
LXX
Septuagint (the Greek OT)
MS(S)
manuscript(s)
MT
Masoretic Text of the OT
n(n).
note(s)
n.d.
no date
NS
New Series
NT
New Testament
OL
Old Latin
OT
Old Testament
p(p).
page(s)
par.
parallel (indicates textual parallels)
para.
Paragraph
repr.
reprinted
rev.
revised
Samar.
Samaritan Pentateuch
s.v.
sub verbo, under the word
Syr.
Syriac
Tg.
Targum
TR
Textus Receptus (Greek text of the KJV translation)
trans.
translator, translated by
v(v).
verse(s)
vs.
versus
Vul.
Vulgate