Endnotes
1. Prologue
1 Leon Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge, 1949–52’, trip diary (1949–52); Leon Morris, interviewed by Geoff Treloar, Lucas: An Evangelical History Review 25 and 26 (June and December 1999), p. 203.
2 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
3 L. Morris, interviewed by Treloar, Lucas, p. 203.
2. Lithgow – Mining Scars: 1914–31
1 Darrell Dean, a resident of Lithgow, conversation (August 2008).
2 Marriage certificate, St Paul’s Church of England, Lithgow (11 April 1913).
3 Records of the Lithgow and District Historical Society.
4 Records of the Lithgow and District Historical Society.
5 Marriage certificate (11 April 1913).
6 Lithgow Mercury (April 1913).
7 Wilma Foster, interview (November 2006).
8 Some mistakenly interpret this informality as an uncaring attitude to life by Australians.
9 W. Foster, interview (November 2006).
10 Max Morris, interview (October 2006).
11 Where the saying was heard, ‘I wonder which one of the Morris boys will break a limb today’ – M. Morris, email notes (September 2006).
12 Leon Morris, interviewed by Geoff Treloar, Lucas: An Evangelical History Review 25 and 26 (June and December 1999), p. 185.
13 For example, Leon told an interviewer that he never knew his mother was from Dubbo (L. Morris, interviewed by Treloar, Lucas, p. 185). The interview took place in 1997, just as Leon began to experience slight memory loss. I carefully used this interview, published in 1999, after cross-referencing with other sources and my own conversations with both Leon and Mildred Morris in that period. I found Leon’s recollection to be substantially accurate (L. Morris, interviewed by Treloar, Lucas, pp. 184–215).
14 L. Morris, interviewed by Treloar, Lucas, p. 186.
15 L. Morris, interviewed by Treloar, Lucas, p. 186.
16 W. Foster, interview (November 2006).
17 M. Morris, interview (October 2006).
18 Bradman averaged 99.96 runs per innings in test cricket; compare Pollock 60.97 (South Africa), Headley 60.83 (West Indies) and Sutcliffe 60.73 (England).
19 Part of the iron-work production facilities owned by Sandfords; later purchased by Hoskins in 1908.
20 Bob McKillop, Furnace, Fire and Forge: Lithgow’s Iron and Steel Industry 1874–1932 (Surrey Hills: Light Railway Research Society of Australia, 2006), pp. 120–24.
21 McKillop, Furnace, Fire and Forge, pp. 120–24.
22 Revd Dr David J. Williams, interview (March 2008).
23 Iron and steel manufacturing largely went to Port Kembla. Hoskins Iron Works relocated to Port Kembla, later becoming BHP Iron Works. Notes supplied by the Illawarra Historical Society, May 2010.
3. Sydney – Self-Starters: 1931–40
1 Donald and Marie Robinson, interview (2009).
2 Cricket: a game with two innings per side, which lasts for five days at test level. It may seem boring to the average baseball or football fan, but it is Australia’s national sport and captivates people throughout the southern summer. The primary difference from baseball is that the ball bounces before it reaches the batsman so most shots are made using the bat vertically, not horizontally.
3 Story recounted by D. Robinson, son of the then rector, in an interview (2009).
4 Leon Morris, Bush Parson (Melbourne: Acorn Press, 1995), p. 3.
5 Marcus Loane, Mark These Men (Melbourne: Acorn Press, 1985); Marcus Loane, Men to Remember (Melbourne: Acorn Press, 1987); and Archbishop D. Robinson, son of R.B. Robinson, gave me helpful insights into these men.
6 He went to Moore College and relied on his mother’s affirmation that he had been baptized by a ‘wandering clergyman’.
7 D. and M. Robinson, interview (2009).
8 D. and M. Robinson, interview (2009).
9 Leon called Robinson the ‘Boss’, corresponding with him until Robinson’s death.
10 L. Morris to Gay Campbell (6 November 1980).
11 L. Morris to G. Campbell (6 November 1980).
12 G. Campbell to L. Morris (3 July 1981).
13 L. Morris to G. Campbell (7 July 1981).
14 Interestingly, Leon kept a hand-scribbled page all his life which recorded a Lithgow High School English teacher’s low opinion of his English ability. Did he develop slowly in this area or was his teacher a lousy judge?
15 Leon Morris, interviewed by Geoff Treloar, Lucas: An Evangelical History Review 25 and 26 (June and December 1999), p. 188.
16 L. Morris, Bush Parson, p. 5.
17 L. Morris, interviewed by Treloar, Lucas, p. 188.
18 About Aus$2.
19 Norgate was still writing to Leon twenty-five years later.
20 Hazel Keen and Nancy Costello, interview (14 June 2009).
21 Around this time, All Souls had some fifty-three Sunday-school teachers, a choir and many young people. Weekly Scripture lessons for the children of the nearby public school also took place in the church.
22 BCA is an evangelical Anglican Church agency that works in remote locations within Australia where there is no local church support or limited support for the minister and stipend. Historically, it is linked to the Intercontinental Church Society in the UK.
23 L. Morris, Bush Parson, p. 4, sermon based on the Old Testament verse: ‘Every thing shall live whither the river cometh’ (Ezek. 47:9, KJV).
24 Tom Jones was given this role, before it was confirmed some months later.
25 ‘Bludger’ is a word of extreme offence to Australians; perhaps the less offensive ‘scrounger’ is the nearest equivalent.
26 L. Morris, Bush Parson, p. 9.
27 L. Morris, Bush Parson, p. 4.
28 Max Morris, interview (October 2006).
29 M. Morris, interview (October 2006).
30 M. Morris, interview (October 2006).
31 John Moroney, reflection (23 October 2006).
32 The manual was H.P.V. Nunn’s The Elements of Greek (L. Morris, Bush Parson, p. 10).
33 David J. Williams, ‘Leon Lamb Morris’, unpublished article (Melbourne, 1995).
34 During his time as principal, the only help Hammond received was from Marcus Loane, who lectured on a part-time basis.
35 H.H. Davison, handwritten note (12 February 1938) – Rom. 12:2 (trans. A.S. Way).
36 M. Morris, email (2006).
37 L. Morris, interviewed by Treloar, Lucas, p. 196.
38 M. Morris, email (2006).
39 W. Foster, interview (November 2006).
4. Minnipa – Beyond Outback: 1940–45
1 On one occasion at Ridley College chapel, a student asked Betty Bockelberg, ‘How true were all these stories of Bush Church Aid?’ Somewhat mischievously, as if to fuel the mystique, Betty replied, ‘There was a foundation to all of them’ – B. Bockelberg, interview (14 November 2006).
2 Leon Morris, Bush Parson (Melbourne: Acorn Press, 1995), Introduction.
3 Matt. 18:20 (L. Morris translation).
4 John Moroney to Neil Bach, reflection (2007).
5 Bush Church Aid, ‘Our Letter from Minnipa’, The Real Australian 90 (July 1943): p. 3. Some fundraising was attempted to rectify this situation: a concert was held in aid of the new Anglican church and the Red Cross. There were a number of sketches, singing, and readings, some involving Leon, and it was reported that these items gave ‘all the thrills and excitement necessary’.
6 L. Morris, Bush Parson, p. 33.
7 L. Morris, Bush Parson, pp. 40–41.
8 Canon John Livingstone (son of D. Livingstone), telephone conversation (May 2013).
9 Leon Morris, interviewed by Geoff Treloar, Lucas: An Evangelical History Review 25 and 26 (June and December 1999), p. 197.
10 Wilma Foster, interview (14 November 2006).
11 W. Foster, interview (14 November 2006).
12 W. Foster, interview (14 November 2006).
13 No one knows if Tom Jones approved of Leon studying in the van while Mildred drove. Was it Leon’s own time or BCA’s time? Leon felt such technicalities were lost in the tyranny of distance and viewed his time in the passenger seat as his own. One clergyman tells the story of being driven a long distance by Leon to a large farm. When they reached the main gate, Leon did half an hour of study, then prayed before going in, did the visit and left. Before driving away to the next location he did another half an hour of study.
14 Seen in his consistent style in early handwritten notes of the review of an article and notes about a book he had summarized.
15 L. Morris, Bush Parson, p. 54.
16 L. Morris, Bush Parson, p. 54.
17 L. Morris, Bush Parson, p. 54.
18 W. Foster, interview (14 November 2006).
19 BCA, ‘Our Letter from Minnipa’, p. 3.
20 B. Bockelberg, interview (14 November 2006).
21 B. Bockelberg, interview (14 November 2006).
22 B. Bockelberg, interview (14 November 2006).
23 B. Bockelberg, interview (14 November 2006).
24 On 24 January 1945, at the age of nineteen, Betty left to train as a nurse at Wakefield Private Hospital.
25 The theology of Good Friday grilled sausages never appeared in his writings.
26 B. Bockelberg, letter to N. Bach (20 October 2006).
27 B. Bockelberg, interview (14 November 2006).
28 W. Foster, interview (14 November 2006).
29 L. Morris, Bush Parson. Some material in this chapter is indebted to a number of Leon’s personal reflections contained within Bush Parson, now out of print. I am grateful for Acorn’s generous permission to reproduce some information of the time in Minnipa.
30 L. Morris, Bush Parson, Epilogue.
5. Ridley – Still under the Radar: 1945–9
1 John Moroney, reflection (23 October 2006).
2 Tom Morgan, interview (June 2009).
3 Keith Dunstan, The People’s Ground: The MCG (Melbourne: Arcadia Press, 2000).
4 ‘Barrack’ is the Australian term for supporting your side.
5 Donald Baker, ‘Principal’s Report’ (1946). Ridley College, ‘Principal Reports’, archives of Ridley College (Melbourne, 1945–80).
6 Leon Morris, interviewed by Geoff Treloar, Lucas: An Evangelical History Review 25 and 26 (June and December 1999), p. 201.
7 Baker, ‘Principal’s Report’ (1945).
8 J. Moroney, reflection (23 October 2006).
9 L. Morris, interviewed by Treloar, Lucas, p. 189.
10 David J. Williams, ‘Leon Lamb Morris’, unpublished article (Melbourne, 1995).
11 David and Penny Powys, reflection (25 August 2011).
12 Brian Bayston, funeral oration (2006).
13 Dorothy and Bill Percy, conversation at a Ridley dinner (2007).
14 He was honorary assistant curate twice, in 1948–9 and 1953–5.
15 Tom Morgan, interview (June 2009).
16 T. Morgan, interview (June 2009).
17 T. Morgan, interview (June 2009).
18 B. Bayston, interview (April 2008).
19 L. Morris, interviewed by Treloar, Lucas, p. 202.
20 From a selected bibliography of Leon’s writings prepared by D. Williams.
21 T.C. Hammond, In Understanding Be Men (London: IVP, rev. edn, 1976).
22 Leon Morris, Foreword, in T.C. Hammond: His Life and Legacy in Ireland and Australia, Warren Nelson (Edinburgh: Banner of Truth Trust, 1994).
23 Williams, ‘Leon Lamb Morris’.
24 Donald Baker, ‘Principal’s Report’ (1949). Ridley College, ‘Principal Reports’, archives of Ridley College (Melbourne, 1945–80).
25 Anglican Evangelical Trust, Minutes book (1945). The minutes stipulated that he return to Victoria on completion of his studies.
26 Through the agency of the former missionary, Dr Paul White.
27 A small minute in the Tyndale records noted it.
28 ‘Ordination Candidates Training Fund’.
29 Today called the Intercontinental Church Society (ICS), located in Warwick, England.
30 Mildred Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge, 1949–50’, diary (1949).
31 M. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
32 Leon Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge 1949–52’, trip diary (1949–52).
33 M. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
34 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
35 M. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
36 M. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
37 M. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
38 In quoit tennis, a small circular rope is thrown onto certain sections of a court to score points.
39 M. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’ (1949).
40 M. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’ (1949). Mildred might have thought Bradman made a large score. In fact he scored less than fifty, which for him was a bit of relaxed practice.
41 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
42 Corker: ‘wonderful’ or ‘fantastic’.
43 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
44 M. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
45 The IVF was a group of evangelical Christians working with students and comprising student groups at a number of universities.
46 Johnson was the general secretary of the IVF from 1928 to 1964.
6. Cambridge – Scholarly Boldness: 1949–51
1 Mildred Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge, 1949–50’, diary (1949).
2 M. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
3 M. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
4 Leon Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge, 1949–52’, trip diary (1949–52).
5 Mrs Maclean, interview (May 2007).
6 Mrs Maclean, interview (May 2007).
7 M. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’. A few days later she commented without noting whether she was making a universal proclamation or an observation based on one tetchy patient: ‘I think I’d rather nurse the poor than the rich.’
8 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
9 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
10 Bishop John B. Taylor, interview (May 2007).
11 Named after the influential leader E.J.H. Nash.
12 J.B. Taylor, interview (May 2007).
13 Brian Bayston, interview (April 2008). Brian felt this sentiment existed in Australia.
14 Tyndale Biblical Research Committee minutes (7 September 1942).
15 Douglas Johnson, unpublished, undated notes.
16 The Tyndale Summer School of July 1951 included papers on ‘Justification by Faith’ and a paper on the ‘The Old Testament Anticipation of the Doctrine’ to be presented by the ‘Rev L Morris’ – Biblical Research Committee minutes (11 July 1949, 13 December 1950).
17 J.B. Taylor, interview (May 2007).
18 Weir was Cambridge’s golf captain and played all day Saturday for two terms.
19 Basil Atkinson (27 January 1949).
20 Leon Morris, personal papers.
21 J.B. Taylor, interview (May 2007). It was Oldham whom Leon thanked in his first major book: ‘who advised me constantly during the earlier part of my labours’ – Leon Morris, The Apostolic Preaching of the Cross (Leicester: IVP, 3rd edn, 1965), p. 8.
22 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
23 J.B. Taylor, interview (May 2007).
24 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’ (15 August 1950).
25 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’ (15 August 1950). TV reached Australia in 1956.
26 An evangelical Anglican church in Cambridge.
27 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
28 Fitzwilliam began as a low-cost college. It was called hall, house or college depending on the era.
29 Newnham College was a women-only college in Cambridge.
30 St Mary’s, the parish church of Rushden, has been consistently evangelical.
31 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
7. Cambridge – Love and Truth in Atonement
1 Tyndale House Archives – list of students prior to 1952.
2 Leon Morris, interviewed by Geoff Treloar, Lucas: An Evangelical History Review 25 and 26 (June and December 1999), p. 202.
3 L. Morris, interviewed by Treloar, Lucas, p. 207.
4 L. Morris, interviewed by Treloar, Lucas, p. 202.
5 L. Morris, interviewed by Treloar, Lucas, p. 202.
6 Leon Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge, 1949–52’, trip diary (1949–52).
7 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
8 I am developing in the rest of the chapter a summary of Leon’s approach using his writings and lecture notes on the topic of redemption.
9 Leon Morris, The Apostolic Preaching of the Cross (Leicester: IVP, 3rd edn, 1965), p. 12; see also ch. 1. See also Leon Morris, The Atonement: Its Meaning and Significance (London: IVP, 1983), ch. 5.
10 L. Morris, interviewed by Treloar, Lucas, pp. 204–5.
11 Leon Morris, ‘The Love of God’, talks and sermon notes (1946–56). He spoke at least thirteen times on God’s love in the 1950s as well as at three conferences where this was the theme.
12 Leon Morris, ‘The Atonement’, talks and sermon notes (1946–56) (22 January 1948).
13 To this day, this view is unpalatable to some in the biblical community. However, many believe Leon’s research settled a debate long argued that keeps resurfacing.
14 Relating to punishment.
15 Christ taking the punishment we deserved.
16 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
17 Expository Times 62 (May 1951): pp. 227–33.
18 L. Morris, interviewed by Treloar, Lucas, p. 203.
19 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
20 Leon only met Dodd once. At a society for New Testament studies dinner, Dodd was seated next to him. They exchanged names, where they were from and did not speak another word.
21 L. Morris, Apostolic Preaching, p. 174. See also L. Morris, The Atonement.
22 L. Morris, Apostolic Preaching, p. 175. See also L. Morris, The Atonement.
23 L. Morris, Apostolic Preaching, p. 201. See also L. Morris, The Atonement.
24 Graham A. Cole, God the Peacemaker: How Atonement Brings Shalom (Nottingham: Apollos, 2009).
25 L. Morris, Apostolic Preaching, p. 198. See also L. Morris, The Atonement.
26 L. Morris, Apostolic Preaching, p. 208. See also L. Morris, The Atonement.
27 Don McLellan, ‘Leon Morris, the Bible and the Cross’, PhD dissertation, University of Queensland (2002).
28 John B. Taylor, interview (May 2007).
29 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
30 The length of Leon’s thesis prompted the university to introduce a new regulation governing the length of such dissertations! (David J. Williams, ‘Leon Lamb Morris’, unpublished article [Melbourne, 1995]).
31 Sydney Cave was most likely a visiting scholar in Cambridge at the time.
32 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
33 John B. Taylor, ‘Obituary for Leon Morris’ (July 2006). Taylor reinforced these thoughts in the author’s interview with him in May 2007.
34 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
35 Brian Bayston, interview (12 April 2008).
36 David A. Hubbard, ‘An Appreciation’, in Reconciliation and Hope (ed. Robert Banks; Exeter: Paternoster Press, 1974), p. 11.
37 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Cambridge’.
8. Ridley – Emerging Popularity: 1952–9
1 Leon Morris, personal discussion with the author (1977).
2 Leon Morris, interviewed by Geoff Treloar, Lucas: An Evangelical History Review 25 and 26 (June and December 1999), p. 205.
3 Wilma Foster, interview (14 November 2006).
4 Perry later became a missionary in Asia.
5 David J. Williams, interview (7 March 2008). The Morrises’ new house proved to be a good base and they kept it for many years. It was the first of many investments they would make. By living in this house, Leon and Mildred could more easily minister in the parish as well as do a little work for BCA.
6 David and Joan Horsford, reflection (April 2010).
7 D. and J. Horsford, reflection (April 2010).
8 D. and J. Horsford, reflection (April 2010). Leon’s argument is found in his Ridley College notes.
9 L.R. Shilton, Speaking Out: A Life in Urban Ministry (Sydney: Centre for the Study of Christianity, 1997), p. 36.
10 L. Morris, interviewed by Treloar, Lucas, p. 205.
11 Tom Morgan, interview (June 2009).
12 Robert Collie, reflection (18 February 2010).
13 Isobel McLennan to L. Morris (22 June 1954).
14 David A Hubbard, ‘An Appreciation’, in Reconciliation and Hope (ed. Robert Banks; Exeter: Paternoster Press, 1974), p. 11.
15 Stuart Barton Babbage, interview (October 2006).
16 The Tyndale Fellowship originated in England as a group of evangelical scholars reading papers on their research to each other. It allowed the presenter to hear peer feedback.
17 Tyndale Fellowship Australia records note that twenty scholars from the conservative and reformed traditions around Australia presented technical papers to each other in this late-1950s period. Leon presented a paper, ‘The Hebrew Root “shm”’ in May 1956, examining all its uses with respect to guilt offerings evidenced in the Old Testament. In 1959 he gave a paper on ‘The Biblical Doctrine of Judgment’ (‘Tyndale Fellowship Australia’, Tyndale House Cambridge, Archive Box 34).
18 Andersen completed his ThL in one year and received the highest marks recorded at the time.
19 S.B. Babbage, interview (October 2006).
20 D.J. Williams, interview (7 March 2008).
21 D.J. Williams, interview (March 2008).
22 L. Morris, ‘The Biblical Use of the Term “Blood”’, Journal of Theological Studies (October 1952): pp. 216–27, 6 (April 1955): pp. 77–82.
23 Scot McKnight, ‘Leon Morris: My Tribute’, Jesus Creed (27 July 2006) http://www.patheos.com/blogs/jesuscreed/ (accessed 2 January 2015).
24 Russell Moore, ‘Leon Morris RIP’, Moore to the Point (28 July 2006) http://www.russellmoore.com/2006/07/28/leon-morris-rip/ (accessed 30 December 2014).
25 D.A. Carson, ‘Brief Appreciation of the Life and Service of Leon Morris’, Reformation 21 (July 2006).
26 L. Morris to Ned B. Stonehouse (14 July 1955).
27 N. Stonehouse to L. Morris (2 August 1955). It only occurred to Stonehouse at a later date to check that Leon was committed to the reformed faith and the doctrine of inspiration. Leon replied that he wholeheartedly subscribed to the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England and that he accepted what was commonly called at the time ‘verbal inspiration’ – N. Stonehouse to L. Morris (9 September 1955).
28 L. Morris to N. Stonehouse (11 October 1955).
29 L. Morris to N. Stonehouse (27 October 1955).
30 N. Stonehouse to L. Morris and IVP (19 October 1955; 11 November 1955). In a separate note to Eerdman’s Peter de Visser, Stonehouse expressed surprise that IVP were giving them a hard time about Leon writing for them even on the same title – N. Stonehouse to Peter de Visser (19 October 1955).
31 L. Morris 1, 2 Thessalonians, Tyndale Commentary (London: Tyndale Press, 1956; Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1957).
32 A Ridley student by the name of Luke Ooi reportedly did some of this typing – P. Barker, email (February 2010).
33 N. Stonehouse to L. Morris (13 March 1956).
34 John McKellar to L. Morris (6 December 1956).
35 Leon Morris, The Story of the Cross (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans; London and Edinburgh: Marshall, Morgan & Scott, 1957). Leon sent a copy to his old mentor and minister, R.B. Robinson, inscribing it ‘best wishes to the Boss’ (D. and M. Robinson, interview [2009]; shown to the author by D. Robinson).
36 Leon Morris, Salvation (London: Evangelical Tracts and Publications, 1957), p. 15.
37 1 Corinthians, Tyndale Commentary (London: Tyndale Press, 1958).
38 The Lord from Heaven (London: IVP, 1958).
39 Ralph Martin, reflection (18 February 2007).
40 The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians, NICNT (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1959).
41 L. Morris, handwritten note (n.d.).
42 Nance Maggs, interview (21 June 2011).
43 N. Maggs, interview (21 June 2011).
44 W. Foster, interview (November 2006).
45 W. Foster, interview (November 2006).
46 Frank Woods and Leon Morris, Jesus Lives (Melbourne: General Board of Religious Education Press, 1961).
47 David Hilliard, ‘Intellectual Life in the Diocese of Melbourne’ in Melbourne Anglicans 1847–1997 (ed. Brian Porter; Melbourne: Mitre Books, 1997), p. 40.
48 Noel Cocking, phone interview (May 2010).
49 N. Cocking, phone interview (May 2010).
50 Brian Bayston, interview (April 2008).
51 Decades later the Anglican Church used it as a synod venue – that’s chalk and cheese!
52 Sid Iggulden, a businessman converted while having lunch in Melbourne’s Flagstaff Gardens, became Leon’s right-hand man at the 1959 Billy Graham Crusade follow-up team at Ridley. On Sunday 26 August 2012 I interviewed a long-term serving member of the Anglican Church, Yvonne Richardson, converted at the crusade. See the sermon downloads section of St Mark’s Forest Hill’s website.
53 L. Morris to N. Stonehouse (8 March 1957).
54 N. Stonehouse to L. Morris (13 May 1957).
55 L. Morris to N. Stonehouse (23 May1957).
56 S.B. Babbage, ‘Principal’s Report’ (1960). Ridley College, ‘Principal Reports’, archives of Ridley College (Melbourne, 1945–80).
9. North America – West, South, North and East: 1959–61
1 J. McDowell Richards to L. Morris (15 October 1958).
2 L. Morris to J.M. Richards (21 October 1958).
3 Leighton Ford, associate evangelist, Billy Graham Team, to J.M. Richards (June 1959).
4 Circular letter to friends, January 1960. Mildred dubbed it the ‘Mighty Boeing’ – M. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta, 1959–60’, trip diary (1959–60).
5 Leon Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta, 1959–60’, trip diary (November 1959–June 1960).
6 Manly beach lies just north of the city of Sydney (M. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’).
7 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
8 Circular letter to friends (January 1960).
9 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
10 David A Hubbard, ‘An Appreciation’, in Reconciliation and Hope (ed. Robert Banks; Exeter: Paternoster Press, 1974), p. 11.
11 D. Hubbard, ‘An Appreciation’, pp. 13ff.
12 Mary Given is a current vice-president of Fuller and on staff.
13 Mary Hubbard, interview (14 October 2009). Her father died of a heart attack at the age of sixty-eight. He was warm-hearted, and he and his wife Ruth were well loved at Fuller.
14 D. Hubbard, ‘An Appreciation’, p. 14.
15 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
16 At the First Presbyterian Church, he spoke to over 350 Ambassadors Group people about Graham.
17 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
18 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
19 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’. It is difficult for the casual observer to understand that for the Christian, death, even an early death, is not seen as a defeat or denial of the reality of God’s ultimate control and love for us. Roger Voskuyl, Nancy’s father, reflected on his daughter’s death thirty years later, saying he believed Nancy’s death led to a special time of personal and spiritual growth in his life: ‘During that week, I spent hours reading about what it means for a Christian to die … [and] I did most of my grieving. I feel I was given a special grace from God to face the burden.’
20 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
21 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
22 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
23 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
24 Ned B. Stonehouse, J. Gresham Machen: A Biographical Memoir (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1954).
25 Edward J. Carnell, The Case for Orthodox Theology (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1959).
26 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
27 M. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
28 Circular letter to friends (February 1960).
29 Circular letter to friends (February 1960).
30 Huie was the Peter Marshall Professor of Homiletics.
31 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
32 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
33 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
34 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
35 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
36 This sermon, upon the occasion of his retirement as moderator of the Atlanta Presbytery, was a response to scornful remarks about black people made by the then Governor of Georgia (J. McDowell Richards, Change and the Changeless: Articles, Essays and Sermons by James McDowell Richards [Atlanta: Columbia Theological Seminary, 1972]).
37 J. McDowell Richards, As I Remember It: Columbia Theological Seminary 1932–1971 (Atlanta: CTS Press, 1985), p. 76.
38 Circular letter to friends (May 1960).
39 M. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
40 I have retained the term ‘negro’ or ‘negroes’ where Leon or Mildred used it in 1960 sources. I understand it was acceptable usage at the time and they used it without any sense of superiority.
41 Circular letter to friends (February 1960).
42 Circular letter to friends (May 1960).
43 Billy Graham, The Secret of Happiness (Surrey: World’s Work, 1956).
44 Circular letter to friends (May 1960). Leon was five years older than Graham.
45 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
46 Interestingly, Leon had commented that the writing of this set of lectures was more difficult than usual. Every time he started a new talk he remarked on the trial of it. A comment of his on the wastepaper basket being his best friend was based in reality.
47 Leon Morris, The Cross in the New Testament (Exeter: Paternoster Press, 1965).
48 L. Morris, The Cross in the New Testament, p. 8.
49 Revd Manford George Gutzke, Professor of English Bible and Religious Education at Columbia.
50 Matt. 20:7 (NIV)
51 M. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
52 Belhaven College, The Clan Call 46(12) (15 April 1960).
53 Leon Morris, Spirit of the Living God (London: IVF, 1960), p. 102.
54 Leon Morris, The Story of the Christ Child (London: Marshall, Morgan & Scott, 1960).
55 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
56 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
57 Circular letter to friends (May 1960).
58 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
59 L. Morris, ‘On Route, Pasadena, Atlanta’.
60 Leon Morris, The Dead Sea Scrolls and St. John’s Gospel (London: Dr G. Campbell Morgan, 1960).
61 Leon Morris, ‘Philadelphia, London, On Route, 1960–61’, trip book (July 1960–February 1961).
62 L. Morris, ‘Philadelphia, London, On Route’.
63 T.A. Noble, Tyndale House and Fellowship: The First Sixty Years (Leicester: IVP, 2006).
64 L. Morris, ‘Philadelphia, London, On Route’.
65 L. Morris, ‘Philadelphia, London, On Route’.
66 There were two in Philadelphia. The one they attended was likely the nearer one.
67 L. Morris, ‘Philadelphia, London, On Route’.
68 L. Morris, The Gospel According to John, NICNT (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1971), p. 646.
69 L. Morris, ‘Philadelphia, London, On Route’.
70 L. Morris, ‘Philadelphia, London, On Route’, confirmed by email (June 2015), Glenn Davies. During the American summer Leon lost all his John’s Gospel documents. He wrote to Columbia. The administration could not locate them. A young Columbia staff member had grabbed them, and given them to a friend who had not bothered to forward them. When they turned up, Leon noted: ‘a good feeling to have them in my hands once more’.
71 L. Morris, ‘Philadelphia, London, On Route’.
10. England – Tyndale, Touring and Tension: 1961–4
1 ETFL was a gathering of broad-minded evangelicals drawn together by Canon Max Warren of CMS.
2 Wiseman was Secretary of the Biblical Research Committee 1948–57 and Chair 1957–86.
3 Telegram from his sister, Jean (8 May 1962).
4 These covered ‘The Spirit of the Lord’, ‘The Spirit of Truth’, ‘Your Young Men Shall See Visions’ (Acts), ‘The Spirit of His Son’ (Paul’s writings), ‘Quench Not the Spirit’ (Paul’s writings 2) and ‘The Spirit of Glory and of God’ (other New Testament writings).
5 CPAS assisted Anglican churches with resources for teaching and evangelism.
6 John and Pam Blythe, interview, Newick (9 November 2009).
7 L. Morris to L.L. Nash (4 April 1963). There were lighter moments: a preaching mix-up to do with Australia House meant that an official made up for it by entering Leon to be a guest at the races in the Royal Ascot Enclosure – where one must wear morning dress and pay ten pounds entrance. Leon to Nash, ‘Can you imagine me there!’
8 L.L. Nash to L. Morris (20 November 1962).
9 L.L. Nash to L. Morris (20 November 1962).
10 L.L. Nash to L. Morris, Leon’s note on letter (20 November 1962).
11 John Moroney to L. Morris (7 March 1963). Moroney also cheerily mentioned the cricketer, Revd David Sheppard, whom Leon had met. Sheppard was in Australia with the English cricket team. He was scoring few runs and ‘couldn’t catch a cold’. Off the field he was speaking at events and sharing the gospel. Moroney reported: ‘David Sheppard gave some outstanding addresses in Melbourne. Somebody said it was just as well he could preach!’
12 L. Morris to J. Moroney (12 March 1963). The Yarra is Melbourne’s river and residents are advised never to jump into it.
13 L. Morris to L.L. Nash (11 March 1963).
14 L. Morris to L.L. Nash (4 April 1963).
15 L. Morris to L.L. Nash (4 April 1963).
16 IFES is an international fellowship of national Christian Unions under the IVF/UCCF basis of belief.
17 L.L. Nash to L. Morris (20 April 1963).
18 L. Morris to L.L. Nash (30 April 1963).
19 L. Morris to L.L. Nash (30 April 1963).
20 Leon Morris, Ministers of God (London: IVP, 1964).
21 L.L. Nash to L. Morris (22 June 1963).
22 L. Morris to L.L. Nash (26 June 1963).
23 L. Morris to L.L. Nash (26 June 1963).
24 L.L. Nash to L. Morris (3 July 1963).
25 £1,400 stipend, £200 reading allowance, and £150 travel and entertainment.
26 George Bearham to L. Morris (2 July 1963).
27 The non-residential Perry Hall Theological Training Centre was set up to train married men with families.
28 L. Morris to Frank Woods (8 July 1963).
29 F. Woods to L. Morris (9 July 1963).
30 L. Morris to G. Bearham (9 July 1963).
31 L. Morris to L.L. Nash (9 July 1963).
32 Anglican churches are mostly sited so that the front sanctuary area faces east; a priest standing in an eastward position is symbolically placing themselves between God and the people, whereas a priest standing on the side at the north end is a representative but still one of the people.
33 Relating to or denoting a doctrine that ascribes sacrificial functions and spiritual or supernatural powers to ordained priests.
34 L. Morris to L.L. Nash (9 July 1963).
35 L. Morris to F. Woods (23 July 1963).
36 L. Morris to Douglas Johnson, letter (20 July 1963).
37 L. Morris to D. Johnson, letter (20 July 1963).
38 G. Bearham to L. Morris (18 July 1963).
39 L. Morris to agents Curtis & Sons (30 September 1963).
40 D. Baker to L. Morris (August 1963).
41 L. Morris to D. Johnson (23 July 1963).
42 Leon enjoyed a photographic memory, but it was curious to find in the small pocket diaries he used for thirty years, a tear-off sheet of various reminders. He only ever used one reminder. On 30 October was pasted a small typewritten sentence, ‘Tomorrow is my wife’s birthday.’
43 John A.T. Robinson, Honest to God (Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1963).
44 D. Johnson to L. Morris, a reply to a letter from Leon (7 March 1970).
45 I. Howard Marshall, email (September 2007).
11. Ridley – Finally in Charge: 1964–6
1 See previous chapter.
2 The Order of Service for the Commissioning of the Reverend Leon Lamb Morris, BSc, MTh, PhD, as Principal of Ridley College, Saturday 21 March 1964, 3 p.m.
3 Cole, forty-four, was the principal of a theological institute in Kenya and an archdeacon there.
4 L. Morris to Keith Cole (15 August 1963); K. Cole to L. Morris (26 August 1963).
5 L. Morris to K. Cole (25 September 1963).
6 K. Cole to L. Morris (6 October 1963).
7 L. Morris to K. Cole (11 October 1963).
8 L. Morris to John Moroney (4 November 1963).
9 Leon Morris, The Abolition of Religion (London: IVP, 1964).
10 L. Morris to Ronald Inchley (April 1972).
11 Leon Morris, Ministers of God (London: IVP, 1964).
12 Leon Morris, The New Testament and the Jewish Lectionaries (London: Tyndale Press, 1964).
13 D.A. Carson, ‘Brief Appreciation of the Life and Service of Leon Morris’, Reformation 21 (July 2006).
14 Frank Woods to L. Morris (18 February 1964).
15 L.L. Nash to L. Morris, letter (21 October 1963).
16 Perhaps ‘refounded’, as Perry Hall had existed in various forms before.
17 L. Morris to F. Woods, letter (28 March 1964).
18 Leon felt that a chapel was a suitable project for an early building appeal, predicated on the goodwill of a new start at Ridley. He later told the chapel’s supporters that it was intolerable that after fifty-five years, the college did not have a proper chapel .
19 An email from Brian Bayston to N. Bach (June 2010) indicates that the property sold around December 1961.
20 B. Bayston, interview (April 2008).
21 It appears that Leon avoided a perforated jugular!
22 David and Joan Horsford, reflection (April 2010).
23 L. Morris, ‘Address to the Student Body, Ridley’, archives of Ridley College (Melbourne, 1965).
24 J. Moroney, reflection (23 October 2006).
25 R.B. Robinson to L. Morris (28 September 1965).
26 Letter from sister, Jean (7 December 1965).
27 Thursday 21 April 1966.
28 William Lillie, Historicity and Chronology in the New Testament, Theological Collections 6 (London: SPCK, 1965), p. 120.
12. Conferences, Chapel and Tours: 1966–70
1 Leon Morris, ‘Washington and Boston, 1966’, diary of Seminar on Scripture trip (1966).
2 L. Morris, ‘Washington and Boston, 1966’.
3 L. Morris, ‘Washington and Boston, 1966’.
4 L. Morris, ‘Washington and Boston, 1966’. That evening he spoke at the First Presbyterian Church of Hollywood Service at 6.15 p.m. to some two hundred people aged between twenty and forty-five.
5 Frank Gaebelein was a successful teacher, author and writer who had come to Christianity Today.
6 Washington Evening Star (11 June 1966).
7 L. Morris, ‘Washington and Boston, 1966’.
8 L. Morris, ‘Washington and Boston, 1966’. Leon’s mother was also nicknamed ‘Charlie’ but these references and others not cited refer to Mildred. See also the later reference to his commentary on John.
9 L. Morris, ‘Washington and Boston, 1966’.
10 L. Morris, ‘Washington and Boston, 1966’.
11 Alister McGrath noted that few outsiders were present and only lists those from Europe. Leon Morris had a prominent role and the Australian, Frank Andersen, was also present. See his J.I. Packer: A Biography (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1997).
12 L. Morris, ‘Washington and Boston, 1966’.
13 L. Morris, ‘Washington and Boston, 1966’.
14 L. Morris, ‘Washington and Boston, 1966’.
15 Mark 13:31 (KJV).
16 John 7:17; 14:24; 8:47.
17 Matt. 5:21–22 (RSV).
18 Matt. 3:17; Mark 1:11; 9:7; Acts 27:24 and 2 Cor. 12:9.
19 1 Thess. 2:2,9; 1 Tim. 1:11; 1 Pet. 4:17; Acts 20:27; Heb. 2:3; 1 John 1:5.
20 2 Cor. 3:5f.; 1 Cor. 14:37; 2:13.
21 See John 14:26; 15:26; 16:12; 1 Cor. 2:10–13.
22 Comment to N. Bach (1992). It was a discussion about John Stott’s view that there may have been a pre-Adamic man; that God breathed into those persons to create humanity. This, in Stott’s view, helped reconcile some of the timing issues in the evolutionary material. Leon declined to guess.
23 L. Morris, ‘Washington and Boston, 1966’.
24 Park Street Church Bulletin (26 June 1966).
25 L. Morris, ‘Washington and Boston, 1966’.
26 L. Morris, ‘Washington and Boston, 1966’.
27 Harold Lindsell, The Battle for the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1976).
28 D. Ewert, ‘Biblical Infallibility: An Examination of Lindsell’s Thesis’, Direction 6(2) (April 1977) http://www.directionjournal.org/6/2/biblical-infallibility-examination-of.html (accessed 5 January 2015).
29 L. Morris, ‘Washington and Boston, 1966’.
30 ‘Canon Morris in Final Three’, The Age (20 July 1966).
31 The campus boundaries altered after property changes in 2008.
32 Ridley College, ‘Annual Report’, archives of Ridley Melbourne (1966). The 1965–6 appeal raised Aus$183,500, a sizable amount of which paid for the chapel.
33 David J. Williams, ‘Leon Lamb Morris’, unpublished article (Melbourne, 1995).
34 Gwen Nash to L. Morris, letter (7 August 1966).
35 Peter Adam, reflection (9 February 2007).
36 Peter and Karen Crawford, reflection (February 2014).
37 Barbara Darling, ‘Heroes of the Faith’, Melbourne Anglican, Viewpoints (May 2010).
38 These were stored in Leon’s filing system of supermarket grocery boxes kept in chronological and thematic order and shoved into the spare room. Logical and low tech!
39 Murray Seiffert, reflection (February 2010).
40 Richard Prideaux, reflection (February 2007).
41 P. Adam, reflection (9 February 2007).
42 P. Adam, reflection (9 February 2007).
43 Philip and Alison Saunders, reflection (15 February 2007).
44 L. Morris, ‘Address to the Student Body, Ridley’, archives of Ridley College (Melbourne, 1967).
45 Sourced to Tony McCarthy.
46 Brian Bayston, interview (12 April 2008).
47 The Doctrine of God book was eventually shelved.
48 Leon Morris, 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon, Hebrews, James (London: SU, 1969).
49 Leon Morris, See (Anglican Diocese of Melbourne, May 1967).
50 Peter Corney, reflection (25 August 2011).
51 Personal diary, date diary, 1969.
52 Leon had an extensive collection of road maps of the places he had driven in the United States.
53 An annual ministry of the Presbyterian Church in Pensacola.
54 L. Morris to Ronald Inchley (17 April 1968).
55 L. Morris to R. Inchley (28 June 1969).
56 Leon Morris, I Believe in Revelation (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1976).
57 L. Morris to R. Inchley (7 August 1970).
58 L. Morris to R. Inchley (27 December 1971).
59 L. Morris to R. Inchley (26 November 1969).
60 There was more than one reason to respect Pearson. This gentle giant had played rugby for Australia and backed up his spiritual dynamism with a very strong tackle!
61 Leon Morris, This Is the Testimony: A Study of Witness in the New Testament, Donald Baker Memorial Lecture (Melbourne: Ridley College, 1970).
62 Leon Morris, The Gospel According to John, NICNT (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1971); The Gospel According to St. Luke: An Introduction and Commentary (London: IVP, 1974); I Believe in Revelation (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1976); The Holy Spirit (London: SU, 1978).
63 David J. Williams, interview (7 March 2008).
64 L. Morris, ‘Address to the Student Body, Ridley’, archives of Ridley College (Melbourne, 1970).
65 P. Corney, reflection (25 August 2011).
66 16 March 1970.
67 Nene Ramientos to L. Morris (8 October 1969).
68 Originally 250 delegates and 100 observers were proposed.
69 A Manila evangelistic crusade with Billy Graham was held in November 1977.
70 Years later he acknowledged that he was a ‘millennial agnostic’.
71 Acts 7:60 (L. Morris translation).
72 L. Morris, ‘Manila Bible Studies on Acts’, unpublished notes, Study 6: The Converting Church (Melbourne, 1970), p. 27.
73 L. Morris, ‘Manila Bible Studies on Acts’, Study 7: The Missionary Church, p. 31.
13. Administration, Publishing and Serving: 1970–72
1 Known as the Church of England in Australia at the time.
2 D.W.B. Robinson was the son of Revd R.B. Robinson.
3 Bishop Felix Arnott to L. Morris (11 June 1970). The members were four clergy: James Grant, John Romanis, Max Thomas and Leon.
4 Ken and Susan Rogers, reflection (2011).
5 Luke 17:10. The author was present and recalls the sermon in detail.
6 Mrs Kathleen Bayliss, conversation (c.2008).
7 L. Morris to Ronald Inchley (7 August 1970).
8 Leon Morris, ‘The Gospel, Critical Methods and Findings’, in The Lion Handbook to the Bible (ed. David and Pat Alexander; Tring: Lion, 1973), pp. 531–2. In later editions it was renamed ‘The Gospel and Modern Criticism’.
9 J.D. Douglas and N. Hillyer, eds, The Illustrated Bible Dictionary (Leicester: IVP, 1980), pp. 147–50.
10 E.M.B. Green, ‘Book Review’, The Churchman 87 (Winter 1973): p. 296.
11 David J. Williams, ‘Leon Lamb Morris’, unpublished article (Melbourne, 1995). I am indebted to D. Williams for this summary.
12 This total includes copies in Korean and Japanese.
13 See the preface to the commentary.
14 Revd Dr D. Powys, reflection of his mother, Mary (August 2011).
15 Leon Morris, The Dead Sea Scrolls and St. John’s Gospel (London: Dr G. Campbell Morgan, 1960); The New Testament and the Jewish Lectionaries (London: Tyndale Press, 1964); Studies in the Fourth Gospel (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1969); and Jesus Is the Christ: Studies in the Theology of John (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans 1989).
16 L. Morris to R. Inchley (27 December 1971).
17 A number of reflections from others and interview comments have been collated here.
18 David J. Williams, interview (7 March 2008).
19 D. Williams, interview (7 March 2008).
20 Appendix 2: ‘The Authority of the Scriptures’, notes by Leon Morris, Scripture Union Training Day, 1971.
14. Expansion in Australia and South America: 1972–9
1 Leon Morris, ‘Address to the Student Body, Ridley’, archives of Ridley College (Melbourne, 1972).
2 Leon Morris, Apocalyptic (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1972).
3 L. Morris, Apocalyptic, p. 83. Ernst Käsemann had argued that apocalyptic was the key concept in understanding the New Testament emphasis.
4 Leon Morris, The Gospel According to St Luke: An Introduction and Commentary (London: IVP, 1974).
5 From L. Morris’s copy of an interview by Barry Huggett, Information Officer, Diocese of Melbourne, 1975. Publication unsourced.
6 The topics he covered included ‘The Christian Use of the Old Testament’, ‘Faith and History’, ‘Can the Bible Be Believed Today?’, ‘The Gospel in the Seventies’ and expositions on Rom. 3:21–6 and Rom. 5 and 8.
7 His themes included ‘The Lord from Heaven’, ‘Son of Man’, ‘Can These Bones Live?’, ‘To Know Christ and the Power of His Resurrection’, ‘The Insignificant Christian’, ‘God as Saviour’, ‘The God Who Loves’, ‘A Wholehearted Affair’, ‘The Offering of Sacrifice’, ‘When Christ Appeared’ and ‘The Death Must Be Established’. His sermon, ‘A Man Must Live’, based on Luke 9:24 and preached on 30 April 1972, is a good example.
8 The meeting ran from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. on 2 May 1974.
9 Leon had received a letter early September, to be the last from his stepbrother. Phil and Anne Morris to Leon, letter (3 September 1974).
10 Ridley College. ‘Annual Report’, archives of Ridley College (Melbourne, December 1975).
11 Frank Woods to L. Morris (19 July 1975). Neither Woods nor Leon expanded on the issue after the meeting, but for Woods to write showed it was of importance to Woods.
12 L. Morris, ‘Address to the Student Body, Ridley – 1’, archives of Ridley College (Melbourne, 1976).
13 Leon Morris, ‘North America and Latin America, 1976’, trip diary (1976).
14 L. Morris, ‘North America and Latin America, 1976’ (1 March 1976).
15 L. Morris to Walter Liefeld (25 January 1979).
16 Leon Morris, Testaments of Love: A Study of Love in the Bible (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1981).
17 Mildred Morris, ‘North America and Latin America, 1976’, trip diary (1976).
18 L. Morris, ‘North America and Latin America’ (2 July 1976).
19 M. Morris, ‘North America and Latin America, 1976’.
20 Leon Morris, ‘Life among the Latins’, See 118 (February 1977): p. 5.
21 L. Morris, ‘North America and Latin America’ (7 July 1976).
22 HCJB, also known as ‘The Voice of the Andes’, was instrumental in radio broadcasts into regions where the gospel had not penetrated. Its call letters HCJB are an acronym for Heralding Christ Jesus’ Blessings.
23 L. Morris, ‘North America and Latin America’ (7 July 1976).
24 L. Morris, ‘Address to the Student Body, Ridley – 2’, archives of Ridley College (Melbourne, 1976).
25 L. Morris, ‘Address to the Student Body, Ridley – 2’.
26 Comments to the organizers of the visit of Leon Morris to South America.
27 Bulletin, Westminster Theological Seminary (Summer 1976). Leon began lectures on 7 September.
28 Chuck Lowe, telephone interview (30 June 2007). One of Lowe’s fellow students was the Australian Glenn Davies, later Archbishop of Sydney, who encouraged Lowe to follow up his interest in Leon’s scholarship and the possibility of studying under Leon in Australia.
29 L. Morris, ‘North America and Latin America’ (21 September 1976).
30 Bulletin, Westminster Theological Seminary (Winter 1977).
31 L. Morris, ‘North America and Latin America’ (1976).
32 Leon indicated in a letter that he had been drawn into the women-in-ministry matter (Australian Church Record [6 May 1985]).
33 Leon Morris, ‘The Ministry of Women’, prepared for the Fuller Institute of Biblical Research (April 1976). The contents of this paper have been variously published, for example in A Woman’s Place (Sydney: Anglican Information Office, 1976), pp. 19–32. Leon wrote an earlier paper on this topic in mid-1975, but the contents were not on file.
34 Leon Morris, ‘Leadership and Authority’, in The Bible and Women’s Ministry (ed. Alan Nichols; Canberra: Acorn Press, 1990), pp. 23–34.
35 L. Morris, A Woman’s Place, p. 20.
36 L. Morris, A Woman’s Place, p. 22.
37 L. Morris, A Woman’s Place, p. 25.
38 Barbara Darling, ‘Heroes of the Faith’, Melbourne Anglican, Viewpoints (May 2010): p. 17.
39 Darling, ‘Heroes’.
40 Personal comment to Neil and Heather Bach (4 April 2014).
41 John Reid to L. Morris (26 November 1987).
42 L. Morris to Ted Cooper (13 July 1992). While Leon considered Grudem to be a fine scholar, he disagreed strongly with Grudem’s textual analysis of ‘head’ meanings and omission of evidence Leon thought relevant. Leon went so far as to conclude: ‘I am sure Wayne Grudem is wrong in his views about headship.’
43 Dr Peter Crawford, the then EFAC Australia Secretary and Conference organizer (c.2012).
44 Dr Paul Barker, interview (June 2009).
45 Seven years later, in 1984, it was opened with his name attached.
46 Mildred told my wife, Heather, that ‘FF’ee’ was coming to tea. We didn’t know if ‘FF’ee’ was a dog or a canary … turned out it was F.F. Bruce.
47 Ralph Martin, reflection (18 February 2007).
48 Darling, ‘Heroes’.
49 L. Morris, ‘Address to the Student Body, Ridley’, archives of Ridley College (Melbourne, 1977).
50 On ‘The Gospel’, ‘The Sending and Serving Church’ and ‘Love, Christian Style’.
51 Rather than assess these lectures, his diary recorded the highlight was playing in a social cricket match and scoring three not out!
52 ‘The Spirit of the Lord’, ‘The Spirit of Truth’, ‘Your Young Men Shall See Visions’, ‘The Spirit of His Son’, ‘Walking in the Spirit’, ‘Quench Not the Spirit’, and ‘The Spirit and the Glory of God’.
53 Ridley College, ‘Annual Report’, archives of Ridley College (Melbourne, 1978).
54 Reported by various people present.
55 L. Morris, ‘College Comes of Age and Opens Its Cloisters’, Church Scene 2(13) (8 February 1979): p. 10.
56 L. Morris, ‘Address to the Student Body, Ridley’, archives of Ridley College (Melbourne, 1979).
57 An invitation from Owen Parnaby to L. Morris (29 March 1979).
58 C. Lowe, telephone interview (30 June 2007).
59 Charles Sherlock to L. Morris (11 May 1979).
60 Colin Tonks to L. Morris (20 April 1979).
61 Luke Ooi to L. Morris (7 March 1979).
62 C. Lowe, telephone interview (30 June 2007).
63 Peter Adam, reflection (2007). Adam was Ridley’s principal from 2002 to 2012.
15. Australians, Indians, Africans and Asians: 1979–85
1 Comment to Neil Bach.
2 John Moroney, reflection (23 October 2006), confirmed by S.B. Babbage.
3 Leon held current Australian and international driving licences until the end of his life.
4 Irene Douglas to L. Morris (20 July 1979).
5 He also went to Seattle, where he preached to the congregation at St Peter’s Episcopal Church, the First Presbyterian Church and the Lutherans.
6 Daniel Wright, email (June 2009). He and his wife later became carers of Roger Nicole.
7 Tom Bailey was president from 1975 to 1982.
8 T. Bailey to N. Bach, email (November 2009).
9 Mildred Morris, ‘Diary’, personal diary (1979–80).
10 Christian and Missionary Alliance.
11 T. Bailey to N. Bach, email (November 2009).
12 Nyack is an Indian name and is pronounced ‘kayak’.
13 Nyack College, Missionarian, Journal of Nyack College (Nyack: 1980). Leon appears in the 1980 staff photos, p. 25.
14 Missionarian (1979).
15 T. Bailey to N. Bach, email (November 2009).
16 Holy Trinity Doncaster ‘20–30’s’ meeting (1981).
17 David Huttar, email copied to Neil Bach (April 2009).
18 David Huttar, interview (8 October 2009).
19 D. Huttar, interview (8 October 2009).
20 James Cowan (Chairman of Spiritual Life) to L. Morris (1 October 1980).
21 Extract from a letter held by T. Bailey, quoted in a November 2009 email.
22 Joel Sonnenberg’s story is described in his book, Joel (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2004).
23 Bishop John Harrower, reflection (11 September 2012). The Harrowers, with Bishop Cutts, had dinner with Leon and Mildred on Wednesday 5 March 1980.
24 J. Harrower, reflection (11 September 2012).
25 L. Morris to Colin Warren (19 August 1980).
26 Leon Morris, The Authority and Relevance of the Bible in the Modern World, Oliver Beguin Lecture (Canberra: Bible Society in Australia, 1980).
27 Wynyard, Ulverstone, Devonport, Latrobe, Burnie, Launceston, Longford, Hobart and Kingston.
28 Stuart Barton Babbage to Marcus Loane (7 January 1980).
29 Leon commented that the average church member saw only the final statement, if that. So, he was pleased when the commission was able to reach a point where it issued some supplements which showed some of its thinking so that the wider church could appreciate the hard thinking work that went on behind the scenes. Leon explained this view of the commission in an article published around this time.
30 Bruce Nicholls to L. Morris (1980).
31 Dennis Lane to L. Morris (1 April 1981).
32 Robert Collie to L. Morris (3 April 1981).
33 L. Morris to R. Collie (April 1981).
34 11–15 May 1981.
35 Alan Nichols and J. W. Williams, eds, Agenda for a Biblical Church I (Sydney: AIO, 1981), pp. 14–18.
36 L. Morris to Philip Muston (6 August 1981).
37 P. Muston to L. Morris (8 August 1981).
38 He expressed his personal satisfaction to the author, placing this book very high on his list of favourites.
39 Indebted, he said, to earlier writings found in the works of Revd N. Snaith and Anders Nygren.
40 In Leon’s personal files of retained workings for talks.
41 I was there and have no recollection of the point he was making about love.
42 Leon acknowledged his significant appreciation of C.S. Lewis and his book, The Four Loves (London: Fontana, 1966).
43 This story is just one of many additional examples of Leon and Mildred’s loving actions. A Vietnamese student, who had stayed at Ridley as a casual holiday visitor, wrote to Leon. The young man had been imprisoned in a Viet Cong concentration camp for three and a half years, had escaped, endured a sea journey, and ended up in a Thai refugee camp. He asked Leon if he would consider sending him some money, enough for three to four weeks’ expenses, to help him get to the USA or Australia to resettle. Leon, despite his fleeting contact with the student, sent Aus$300 (Nguyen Duc Khoa to L. Morris [25 November 1979]).
44 Sheryffs went to London Bible College, producing high standards among his students.
45 L. Morris, ‘Diary 1981’, personal diary (January–December 1981), 30 August 1981.
46 Leon spoke on the topics: ‘Can You Trust Anyone?’, ‘Nothing New – Hope for the Best’, and ‘Commitment – I Am Yours and You Are Mine’.
47 ‘Blood’, ‘Mercy’, ‘Ministers and Ministry’, ‘Punishment’, ‘Propitiation’ and ‘Expiation’.
48 ‘Guilt’, ‘Forgiveness’, ‘Sacrifice’ and ‘Atonement’.
49 L. Morris to Mr Goodwin (11 December 1985).
50 Patricia Gundry, ed., The Zondervan Family Cookbook (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1988).
51 Reported by the curate.
52 25 September 1983.
53 1 July 1984.
54 Walter Liefeld to N. Bach, letter (2006).
16. Retiring Conversations, Last Atoning Works: 1985–95
1 Leon Morris, personal diary (6 August 1985).
2 Francis (T.F.) Glasson to L. Morris (2 June 1982).
3 L. Morris to T.F. Glasson (11 June 1982).
4 Gladys M. Watson to L. Morris (2 February 1985). She also related that she was originally from Melbourne, having been confirmed at St Paul’s Cathedral.
5 Academie Books, imprint of Zondervan (1986).
6 Scot McKnight to L. Morris, letter (30 September 1986).
7 Leon Morris, The Epistle to the Romans (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1988).
8 In the article, ‘The Inside Story of the Pillar New Testament Commentary’ (April 2011), Milton Essenburg of Eerdmans explained that the Pillar series proper commenced in 1992. This is correct. However, Leon saw his volume as the precursor, and those possessing a 1988 IVP edition have the earlier Pillar logo down the left front page. Leon understood his commentary to be first in this sense (https://eerdword.wordpress.com/).
9 Davis McCaughey to L. Morris (26 April 1988).
10 Don Carson, phone interview (20 June 2007). See also D.A. Carson, Douglas J. Moo and L. Morris, An Introduction to the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1992).
11 I.H. Marshall, ‘The Gospel According to John’, Evangelical Quarterly 63 (July 1991): p. 276.
12 Colin Kruse, interview, 21 May 2013.
13 C.G. Kruse, Paul’s Letter to the Romans (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2012).
14 Kruse, Paul’s Letter to the Romans.
15 Chuck Lowe, telephone interview (30 June 2007); C. Lowe to N. Bach, email (19 July 2007).
16 David J. Williams, ‘Leon Lamb Morris’, unpublished article (Melbourne, 1995).
17 Leon Morris, New Testament Theology (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1986), p. 60. Taken from New Testament Theology by Leon Morris. Copyright © 1986 by Leon Morris. Used by permission of Zondervan. www.zondervan.com
18 Morris, New Testament Theology, p. 60, n. 13. See also E.P. Sanders, Paul and Palestinian Judaism (London: SCM, 1977).
19 Twenty years earlier they had corresponded informally on the first edition.
20 John Stott to L. Morris (13 July 1987).
21 Leon Morris, The Cross of Jesus (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1988).
22 Gheens Lectures (Louisville: SBTS CD Recordings, 10–11 February 1988).
23 Gheens Lectures (Louisville: SBTS CD Recordings, 10–11 February 1988).
24 Bishop Alfred Stanway had gone there from Ridley.
25 Wayne E. Ward to L. Morris (17 March 1988).
26 Wilma Foster to N. Bach, letter (21 August 2006); W. Foster, interview (14 November 2006).
27 Keith Rayner to L. Morris (22 May 1989).
28 L. Morris to K. Rayner (25 May 1989).
29 In referring to Leon, Rayner later wrote: ‘I had great affection for him, dating back to our close association on the Doctrine Commission in the 1970s’ (K. Rayner to Kim Smith, email [26 July 2006]).
30 L. Morris to Anna Corney/Marion Lemin (14 March 1994).
31 Gary Meador to L. Morris (22 February 1988). Leon, on his last American visit, had mentioned eye problems to Gary Meador. Meador later wrote about his wish for Leon to revisit and in the letter mentions that Leon was considering cataract surgery.
32 Leon later sent the specialist a copy of Bush Parson. The specialist told Leon that his early childhood was spent in a small country town and the book evoked memories of his own experiences.
33 Roger Nicole to L. Morris (2 November 1992).
34 These sentiments on Leon’s qualities were reflected in Leighton Ford’s commendation to Pensacola Institute, August 1960 Supplement.
35 10 September 1990.
36 Groups included members meeting at the Metcalf and Plumb homes.
37 Philip Oliver to L. Morris (27 March 1991).
38 L. Morris to Wu Nu Jai (4 April 1991).
39 Wu Nu Jai to L. Morris (21 June 1991).
40 R.T. Kendall, ed., The Word of the Lord (London: Marshall Pickering, 1988). Christine Whitell to L. Morris (2 January 1990).
41 L. Morris to David Hubbard (31 March 1993).
42 D. Hubbard to L. Morris (25 May 1993).
43 Robert and P. Collie, reflection (February 2010).
44 See Chapter 4. Also L. Morris, Bush Parson.
45 Leon Morris, Galatians: Paul’s Charter of Christian Freedom (Downers Grove, IL: IVP, 1996).
46 David and Joan Horsford, reflection (April 2010). Leon made the same comment to Colin Kruse.
17. Addition, Multiplication and Endings: 1995–2006
1 See Bibliography. Leon’s list differs slightly in that he discounted some books where the amendments or additions were minor.
2 Taken from Leon’s own ‘Summary of Sales’.
3 D.A. Carson, ‘Brief Appreciation’ (31 July 2006).
4 Don Carson to N. Bach, telephone interview (20 June 2007).
5 Bruce Winter (warden, Tyndale House), note (September 2006).
6 L. Morris in copy of an interview by Barry Huggett, Information Officer, Diocese of Melbourne, 1975; publication not sourced.
7 The original signatories were L. Morris, M. Morris, J. Upton, B. Bayston, N. Bach, T. Morgan and K. Smith. Before 1989 Leon and Mildred had their own Trust distributing donations.
8 From conversations with Leon and by an analysis of his lists, I gained the impression that he believed that he did not have to overly bankroll home-grown ministry, as Western society was capable of supporting its own institutions.
9 Vegemite – an Australian delicacy. An experience for every American or English visitor. It explains Australia’s sporting success. It looks like road tar, and some say tastes like it! There are international equivalents such as grits, tripe and haggis.
10 Good Friday, 5 April 1996.
11 Paul Barker, interview (2 June 2009).
12 Brian Bayston (McCracken and McCracken) to L. and M. Morris (20 April 1999).
13 Edward Smith, reflection. The vicar was soundly converted but his story is not told here.
14 The Age, Death Notice (23 April 2003).
15 Revd Dr Paul Barker’s sermon at Mildred’s funeral.
16 P. Barker, interview (2 June 2009).
17 Frank Andersen, interview (10 May 2011).
18 B. Bayston, interview (12 April 2008).
19 Michael Collie, note (29 July 2010.)
20 Revd Dr Peter Adam, sermon copy, Ridley Melbourne Archives.
21 Colin Kruse to N. Bach at the refreshments.
22 Graham Cole, reflection (February 2007).