Appendix 2: Persons
Appendix 2
Persons
Giacomo Achilli (b. 1802?), a Dominican priest ordained in 1825, was suspended for immorality; after delivering a series of anti-Catholic lectures in England, he sued Newman for libel after Newman accused Achilli of misconduct in The Present Position of Catholics in England; after a trial extending nearly two years (1852–1853), Newman was found guilty and fined £100 and had to pay £14,000 in legal fees, which wase raised by worldwide subscription.
Ambrose, St. (337/340–397), Roman governor of Liguria and Emilia, was chosen to be Bishop of Milan; a doctor of the Church, he opposed Arianism.
Arius (250/256–336), the father of “Arianism,” was a priest of Alexandria who taught that Christ was a creature who was raised by God the Father to the dignity of the Son of God; Arianism was condemned by the Council of Nicaea (325), which taught that God the Father and God the Son are “consubstantial” (of one substance).
Matthew Arnold (1822–1888), son of Thomas Arnold, was a graduate of Balliol and fellow of Oriel and later professor of poetry at Oxford.
Thomas Arnold (1795–1842), a fellow of Oriel but an opponent of the Tractarian Movement, was headmaster of Rugby.
Athanasius, St. (296/298–373), patriarch of Alexandria; played a leading role in the Church's opposition to Arius and Arianism.
Augustine, St. (354–430), bishop of Hippo Regius (present-day Annaba, Algeria), theologian, doctor of the Church and author of City of God, Christian Doctrine, Confessions; was an opponent of Arianism.
Dominic Barberi, Bl., (1792–1849), an Italian Passionist who founded a monastery at Aston Hall in 1842, “admitted” Newman into the Roman Catholic Church on October 9, 1845.
Alessandro Barnabò (1801–1874), an official in the Vatican Congregation of Propaganda Fide: vice-secretary (1847–1848); secretary (1848–1856); prefect (1856–1874).
Herbert Rose Barraud (1845–1896?), a well-known Victorian photographer; photographed Newman.
Edward Bellasis (1800–1873), a lawyer who became a Roman Catholic in 1850, aided Newman during the Achilli trial; two of his sons joined the Birmingham Oratory.
John William Bowden (1798–1844), Newman's closest friend among the students at Trinity College.
Adam de Brome (d. 1332), almoner to Edward II and founder of the “Hall of the Blessed Mary” (Oriel College); is buried in a side chapel of St. Mary's Church, where Newman often gave lectures.
Thomas Joseph Brown, O.S.B. (1796–1880), ordained a priest in 1823; appointed vicar apostolic of the Wales District in 1840 and then bishop of Newport and Menevia in 1850; Brown denounced Newman's “On Consulting the Faithful” to Rome.
Bishop Joseph Butler (1692–1752), Anglican bishop of Bristol (1738–1750) and Durham (1750–1752); influenced Newman through his Analogy of Religion, Natural and Revealed (1736).
John Moore Capes (1812–1889) became a Roman Catholic on June 27, 1845, founded the Rambler in 1848, but rejoined the Church of England in 1870 and criticized Newman for accepting the definition of infallibility; Capes returned to the Roman Catholic Church a dozen years later.
Richard William Church (1815–1890), fellow of Oriel, junior proctor who vetoed the condemnation of Tract XC; later dean of St. Paul's (London) and good friend of Newman.
William Hugh Joseph Clifford (1823–1893), bishop of Clifton (1857–1893) and a participant at the First Vatican Council (1869–1870); preached at Newman's funeral.
William John Copeland (1804–1885), a scholar and fellow of Trinity College, Oxford; was Newman's curate at Littlemore in 1840 and later Anglican vicar of Farnham, Essex; he edited Newman's Parochial and Plain Sermons in 1868.
Edward Copleston (1776–1849), professor of poetry (1802–1812) and provost of Oriel (1814–1828) before being named bishop of Llandaff (Wales).
Paul Cardinal Cullen (1803–1878), rector of the Irish College in Rome (1832–1850) before being named archbishop of Armagh in 1850 and archbishop of Dublin in 1852; in 1866 was the first Irish bishop to be named a cardinal.
John Dobrée Dalgairns (1818–1876), a scholar of Exeter College (Oxford) and a resident at Littlemore (1842–1845); received as a Roman Catholic by Fr. Dominic Barberi in September 1845; subsequently, joined Newman in Rome for his Oratorian novitiate in 1847 and was stationed at the Birmingham Oratory 1847–1849 and 1855–1856, but then went to the London Oratory, where he succeeded Faber as superior.
Charles Darwin (1809–1882), a geologist and naturalist, whose On the Origins of Species (1859) explained the diversity in nature by the evolution of species through natural selection.
Charles Dickens (1812–1870), Victorian novelist whose writings displayed a mastery of style and an advocacy of social concerns.
Philip Doddridge (1702–1751), a non-conformist minister and hymn writer; his Rise and Progress of Religion in the Soul was used by Newman in his Anglican pastoral ministry; The Rise and Progress of Religion is available at www.ccel.org/d/doddridge/rise/rise.htm).
Johann Joseph Ignaz von Döllinger (1799–1890), a German priest and professor who taught theology and church history at the University of Munich; he was excommunicated in 1871 for not accepting the teaching of Vatican I on infallibility.
Donatus Magnus (died c. 355); gave his name to “Donatism,” the doctrine that sacraments administered by unworthy clerics are invalid; was bishop of Carthage (313–347), until deposed by the Council of Arles (347); he lived the rest of his life in exile in Gaul.
Frederick William Faber (1814–1863), a scholar and fellow of University College, who became a Roman Catholic in November 1845; he founded a religious community known as the Brothers of the Will of God, which eventually merged with the English Oratory; an indefatigable preacher, prolific author, and hymn writer, Faber became superior of the London Oratory (1849).
James Anthony Froude (1818–1894), son of Robert Hurrell Froude and a brother of Richard Hurrell Froude; educated at Oriel College, Oxford; he became editor of Fraser's Magazine, rector of St. Andrew's University, and Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford.
Richard Hurrell Froude (1803–1836) was like Newman a fellow of Oriel and one of the leaders of the Oxford Movement until his early death in the midst of the Tractarian Movement.
Robert Hurrell Froude (1770–1859), archdeacon of Totnes and rector of Dartington, was the father of Richard Hurrell Froude, William Froude, and James Anthony Fourde.
William Froude (1810–1879), son of Robert Hurrell Froude, graduated from Oxford with a first in mathematics and then worked for the South Eastern Railway before becoming a naval architect; his correspondence with Newman is reflected in the Grammar of Assent.
Maria Rosina Giberne (1802–1885), sister-in-law of Walter Mayers, met Newman in 1827 and continued contact all her life; she became a Roman Catholic in 1845 and entered the Visitation convent in Autun in 1863.
William Ewart Gladstone (1809–1898) was chancellor of the exchequer (1852–1855, 1859–1866, 1873–1874, 1880–1882) and prime minister (December 1868–February 1874; April 1880–June 1885; February–July 1886; August 1892–March 1894).
Francis Joseph Grimshaw (1901–1965), bishop of Plymouth (1947–1954), archbishop of Birmingham (1954–1965).
John Gutch (1746–1831) was rector of St. Clement's Church, Oxford, where Newman served as his curate (1824–1826).
Renn Dickson Hampden (1793–1868), a student and later fellow of Oriel, graduated with a double first in 1813 and was Bampton lecturer in 1832; he was appointed professor of moral theology in 1834 and Regius Professor of Divinity in 1836; he was consecrated bishop of Hereford in 1848.
Edward Hawkins (1789–1882), a student at St. John's, who graduated with a double first in 1811; provost of Oriel College (1828–1882); Newman's predecessor as vicar of St. Mary's (1823–1828).
Mary Elizabeth Ashe à Court-Repington Herbert (1822–1911), an author, translator and philanthropist; the wife of Sidney Herbert and mother-in-law of Baron Friedrich von Hügel.
Sidney Herbert (1810–1861), a graduate of Oriel College, Oxford; named First Baron Herbert of Lea in 1861; Herbert served as secretary of state for the colonies and secretary of state for war and became a friend of Florence Nightingale.
Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844), received into the Catholic Church by Newman in 1866; entered the Jesuits in 1868; after ordination in 1877, he taught in various schools, including University College Dublin.
Edward Henry Cardinal Howard (1829–1892), after receiving his primary education at Oscott and serving as an officer with the Life Guards (British Army), entered the English College at Rome; after ordination served as a missionary in Goa, India; returning to Rome, he worked with English people who wished to convert from Anglicanism to the Catholic Church; named titular archbishop of Neocaesaria in 1872 and a cardinal in 1877; Newman received the biglietto announcing his appointment as cardinal at Cardinal Howard's residence in Rome.
Baron Friedrich von Hügel (1852–1925), an influential Roman Catholic layman, religious writer and multilingual intellectual of Austrian-Scottish background, arrived in England in 1867; awarded honorary doctorates by both St. Andrews (1914) and Oxford (1920).
Richard Holt Hutton (1826–1897), journalist, joint editor of The Spectator and biographer of Cardinal Newman.
Thomas Henry Huxley (1825–1895) identified himself as “Darwin's Bulldog”; debated evolution with Samuel Wilberforce on June 30, 1860, at the Oxford University Museum.
Manuel Johnson (1805–1859), keeper of the Radcliffe Observatory at Oxford; aka “Observer Johnson”; Newman's host on his last night in Oxford in 1846.
John Keble (1792–1866), professor of poetry at Oxford (1831–1841) and like Newman a fellow of Oriel College; gave the Assize Sermon on July 14, 1833, which Newman considered the beginning of the Oxford Movement; in 1836, Keble became vicar of Hursley, a post that he held for the rest of his life.
Thomas Keble (1793–1875), John's younger brother, who wrote four Tracts for the Times (12, 22, 43, 84), three of them under the pseudonym “Richard Nelson.”
Charles Kingsley (1819–1875), Anglican clergyman, educated at Magdalene College, Cambridge; author of Westward Ho! (1855) and Regius Professor of Modern History at Cambridge (1860–1869).
Jean-Baptiste Henri-Dominique Lacordaire (1802–1861), member of the Académie Française (1860), restorer of the Dominican order in France, whose preaching at Notre Dame attracted thousands and whose political liberalism and ultramontane theology excited Newman.
Felicité Robert de Lamennais (1782–1854), a Roman Catholic priest who felt that the Church in France could have no real liberty under a royal government; a co-founder of L'Avenir; after his views were rejected by Pope Gregory XVI (born 1765; pope 1831–1846), he left the Church and died excommunicated.
John Locke (1632–1704), a philosopher considered the first of the British Empiricists; Newman disagreed with Locke's idea that assent depends on the degree of evidence that a person has.
Henry Edward Manning (1808–1892), graduate of Balliol, fellow of Merton, rector of Wool Lavington and then of Graffham, Sussex; became a Roman Catholic and later archbishop of Westminster (1865) and a cardinal (1875).
Walter Mayers (1790–1828), an Evangelical Anglican clergyman; senior classical master at Ealing School (1814–1822), while Newman was a student there; in his Apologia (4), Newman described Mayers as “the human means of the beginning of divine faith”; Mayers later became curate of Over Worton, where Newman preached his first sermon on June 23, 1824; four years later, Newman preached the sermon at Mayers's funeral.
James Charles McGuigin (1894–1974), ordained a priest of Edmonton (1918), archbishop of Regina (1930–1934) and Toronto (1934–1971), named cardinal in 1946, approved prayer for Newman's beatification.
John McIntyre (1855–1935), auxiliary bishop of Birmingham (1912–1917), member of Roman Curia (1917–1921), archbishop of Birmingham (1921–1928).
Sir John Everett Millais (1829–1896), “one of the most successful British painters of his time,” who “received many British and foreign honours and was created a baronet in 1885”; painted Newman in his cardinal's robes in 1881.
David Moriarity (1814–1877), vice rector of the Irish College at Paris, then president of All Hallows College; named coadjutor bishop of Kerry in 1854; became bishop in 1856; a friend whom Newman consulted about Irish matters and an inopportunist at Vatican I.
Anne Mozley (1809–1891), sister-in-law of Newman's sisters, was asked by Newman to edit the letters of his Anglican years—a project which she was able to complete within a few weeks of his death: Letters and Correspondence of John Henry Newman during His Life in the English Church with a Brief Autobiography.
James Bowhng Mozley (1813–1878), educated at Oriel and later a fellow of Magdalen College; ordained an Anglican deacon in 1838 and priest in 1844; co-editor of the Christian Remembrancer; became Regius Professor of Divinity in 1871; he married Newman's sister Jemima.
Thomas Mozley (1806–1893), a pupil of Newman and later fellow of Oriel, married Newman's sister Harriet in 1836 and became a writer for The Times in 1844; his Reminiscences, Chiefly of Oriel College and the Oxford Movement (1882) was severely criticized by Newman.
Philip Neri / Filippo de Neri, St. (1515–1595) was the founder of the society of priests known as the “Congregation of the Oratory”; its mother church, Santa Maria in Vallicella, in Rome, is popularly known as “Chiesa Nuova” (New Church).
Nestorius (c. 386-c. 451), patriarch of Constantinople (428–431), whose teaching that Mary was Mother of Christ (Christotokos) but not Mother of God (Theotokos) was condemned by the Council of Ephesus (432); retired to a monastery, where he died.
William Paine Neville (1824–1905), received into the Roman Catholic Church by Newman in 1851; became a novice at the Birmingham Oratory in 1852 and was ordained in 1861; after Ambrose St. John's death in 1875, Neville became Newman's aide; Newman's last recorded whispered words were: “William, William”; Neville was Newman's literary executor.
Charles Robert Newman (1802–1884), Newman's younger brother; after working for the Bank of England (1825–1832) was supported by his family and lived in seclusion the last decades of his life in Tenby.
Elizabeth Good Newman (1765–1852), Newman's aunt, whom he and his brother Francis supported; she later lived with his sister Jemima.
Francis William Newman (1805–1897), Newman's youngest brother, attended Worcester College and obtained a double first; elected fellow of Balliol; from 1830 to 1833 he was a missionary in Persia; later professor of classical literature at Manchester (1840–1846) and professor of Latin at London (1846–1869); his Early History of Cardinal Newman (1891) was an example of sibling rivalry.
Harriet Newman (1803–1852), Newman's oldest sister, who-married Thomas Mozley in 1836 and broke off relations with her brother before his entrance into the Roman Catholic Church.
Jemima Newman (1808–1879), Newman's second sister, married John Mozley, a printer and publisher at Derby; while disapproving of Newman's entrance into the Roman Catholic Church, she remained on relatively friendly terms with him.
Jemima Fourdrinier Newman (1772–1836), Newman's mother; married John Newman in 1799.
John Newman (1767–1824), Newman's father, a banker, married Jemima Fourdrinier in 1799.
Mary Newman (1809–1828), Newman's youngest sister, whose early death he mourned in a poem, “Consolations in Bereavement.”
George Nicholas (d. 1829), headmaster of Ealing School when Newman was a student.
Duke of Norfolk, Henry Fitzalan-Howard (1847–1917), premier duke and premier earl (of Arundel) in the English peerage; also earl marshall and chief butler, attended the Birmingham Oratory School; a generous benefactor of the Roman Catholic Church, to whom Newman dedicated his Letter to the Duke of Norfolk.
Vincent Gerard Nichols (1945–), auxiliary bishop of Westminster (1991–2000), archbishop of Birmingham (2000–2009), archbishop of Westminster (2009).
Edmund O'Reilly (1811–1878), ordained and appointed to the chair of theology at Maynooth after a competitive exam; became a Jesuit in 1851 and Jesuit provincial of Ireland (1863–1870); his interpretation of infallibility is cited by Newman in his Letter to the Duke of Norfolk.
Sir Robert Peel (1788–1850), member of parliament for Oxford and later for Tamworth; prime minister (1834–1835, 1841–1846); as home secretary he was the creator of the police force, nicknamed “Bobbies” after him.
Giovanni Perrone (1794–1876), professor of dogmatic theology at the Roman College for most of his life, except for three years of exile in England during the Roman Republic and his tenure as rector at Ferrara.
Pope Pius IX (1792–1878), Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, archbishop of Spoleto (1827), bishop of Imola (1832), pope (1846).
Edward Bouverie Pusey (1800–1882), like Newman a fellow of Oriel College and a leader of the Oxford Movement; appointed Regius Professor of Hebrew and a canon of Christ Church in 1828.
Henry Dudley “Ignatius” Ryder (1837–1907), a nephew of Cardinal Manning; Newman's successor as provost of the Birmingham Oratory. Ryder wrote three pamphlets against W. G. Ward's views of infallibility.
Ambrose Saint John (1815–1875), a student at Christ Church (Oxford); became a Roman Catholic in 1845; a student with Newman in Rome, he became member of the Birmingham Oratory.
Francis de Sales, St. (1567–1622), author of An Introduction to the Devout Life; became bishop of Geneva in 1602; Newman adapted his cardinalatial motto—Cor ad cor loquitur—from the writings of Francis de Sales.
Caroline Sargent (1833–1837), the wife of Henry Edward Manning.
Thomas Scott (1747–1821), rector of Aston Sandford and a founder of the Church Missionary Society; the author of a Commentary on the Whole Bible (1788–1792); in his Apologia, Newman described Scott as the person “to whom (humanly speaking), I almost owe my soul.”
Thomas Short (1789–1879), formerly a tutor at Rugby, became a fellow of Trinity College, Oxford, in 1816, where he served as tutor for four decades (1816–1856) and lived to see Newman named Trinity's first honorary fellow (1878).
Richard Simpson (1820–1876), a student at Oriel (1839–1843), who served briefly as vicar of Mitcham (1844–1845) before becoming a Roman Catholic (1846); associated with the Rambler.
John Bird Sumner (1780–1862), author of Apostolical Preaching (1815); appointed bishop of Chester in 1828 and archbishop of Canterbury in 1848.
George Talbot (1816–1886), a monsignor who described Newman as “the most dangerous man in England”; representative of the English bishops in Rome during the pontificate of Pope Pius IX.
Bernard Ullathorne (1806–1889), vicar apostolic of the Central District (1848–1850); became bishop of Birmingham in 1850, when the British hierarchy was restored; named titular archbishop of Cabasa on his retirement in 1888.
William George Ward (1812–1882), scholar of Lincoln College and author of Ideal of a Christian Church (1844); condemned by convocation and deprived of his degrees, he taught at St. Edmund's, Ware (1851–1858), and was editor of the Dublin Review (1863–1878).
Wilfrid Philip Ward (1856–1916), son of William George Ward and father of Maisie Ward (1889–1975); editor of the Dublin Review and author of a two-volume Life of Cardinal Newman (1912).
John Wesley (1703–1791), an Anglican clergyman, one of the founders of the “Methodist Movement,” which emphasized personal holiness and concern for others, especially the poor and disadvantaged.
Richard Whately (1787–1863), fellow of Oriel and principal of St. Alban Hall, where Newman was vice principal; appointed Anglican archbishop of Dublin in 1831.
Robert Isaac Wilberforce (1802–1857), obtained a double first at Oriel in 1823; was elected a fellow and was a tutor along with Newman and Froude; became a Roman Catholic in 1854.
Samuel Wilberforce (1805–1873), third son of William Wilberforce; went up to Oriel in 1823; married to the oldest daughter of John Sargent, he was appointed bishop of Oxford in 1845 and bishop of Winchester in 1869.
Nicholas Wiseman (1802–1865), rector of the English College in Rome (1828–1840), president of Oscott College and coadjutor bishop of the Midland district (1840–1847), then bishop of the London district (1847–1850); named cardinal and archbishop of Westminster in 1850.