442 . Newman, Aplogia , 184 .
Newman’s correspondence emphasized Revelation as the basic priority in the Church. For our salvation, God has revealed himself in various ways but unsurpassingly in Christ. Christ founded a Church to be the inheritor of the Revelation and to be the source of salvation. The Church, as the “ground and pillar of truth” destined to last through time, teaches people in every age the Revelation that saves. For Newman, the Roman Catholic Church today is the continuation of that Church; he “was converted by the manifest and intimate identity of the modern R.C. Church with the Antenicene and Nicene Church.”634
For Newman, the basis for accepting the Church is that it is trustworthy, because it is the Church of the Apostles, extended into the Nineteenth Century. Once one accepts the Church as Teacher, and consequently as trustworthy authority, one’s duty is to accept, as an act of obedience, what the Church teaches. Since the mind will naturally seek for reasons, Newman called the duty of acceptance “a trial of our trust and obedience to Him.” He told Mrs. William Froude in 1848: “But I will tell you, what I think on the whole, though you do not ask me, in two propositions 1. that it is the duty of those who feel themselves called towards the Church to obey it—2. that they must expect trial, when in it, and think it only so much gain when they have it not. This last indeed is nothing more than the inspired warning, ‘when thou come to serve the Lord, prepare thy soul for temptation.’”635
Even without the infallibility debate at the First Vatican Council, Newman would have discussed infallibility as an important ecclesiological topic. While his correspondence does not offer a complete theological treatise on this issue, it does provide us with considerable insight into the progression of his thought. Newman focused on the “infallibility of the Church” and within that context, encouraged an acceptance of the infallibility of the Pope. Accordingly, he was quick to emphasize that the infallibility of the Pope is not the basis of the Catholic religion, but a doctrine of the Church which the Church teaches along with many other doctrines.
As the controversy on infallibility heightened in the years immediately prior to the First Vatican Council, many people wrote to Newman for clarification. Newman guided people by sharing his own beliefs about the infallibility of the pope, yet without trying to force them on anyone else. While he personally had no difficulty with this doctrine, he opposed a formal definition because he thought such a definition was unnecessary. After the formal promulgation in 1870, Newman’s method of direction took many forms depending on the need of the individual. Sometimes he encouraged people to make an act of faith in all that the Church teaches; sometimes he counseled people to wait patiently and to have confidence that God was guiding the Church. In particular, Newman was able to help people understand and accept this doctrine of the Church by his moderate interpretation of the doctrine. In this respect, Newman’s approach differed sharply from that of many of his ultramontane contemporaries.
Newman spent a great deal of time writing both Catholics and non-Catholics about particular aspects of Church life. Lengthy letters abound in his correspondence in which he patiently explained the beliefs and teachings of the Church. He helped others by allaying fears and by providing information. In addition, Newman valued devotions as a means of keeping the soul firm in its belief in a personal God. Although he believed that doctrines are nonnegotiable, he felt that there should be a great deal of personal flexibility in devotions. While Newman personally practiced the devotions that were popular in the nineteenth century, he never forced other persons to pattern their devotional lives on his.
Newman was a product of his age in the sense that the methods he used to help people recognize the Church was conditioned by a nineteenth century theology of the Church. For example, because of his historical understanding of the Church, he was able to argue convincingly from the “notes” of the Church.636 In his spiritual direction, Newman was answering specific questions within the conventional views of the Church of his time; in contrast, the understanding of the Church is much broader today. On balance, Newman’s unique insights into the role and importance of the Church characterize his spiritual life and influenced the way that he directed others.
442. Newman, Aplogia, 184.
443. Reflecting forty-two years later on how his thinking had matured in the Catholic Church, Newman wrote to George Edwards on February 24, 1887: “I will not close our correspondence without testifying my simple love and adhesion to the Catholic Roman Church, not that I think you doubt this; and did I wish to give a reason for this full and absolute devotion, what should, what can, I say, but that those great and burning truths, which I learned when a boy from evangelical teaching, I have found impressed upon my heart with fresh and ever increasing force by the Holy Roman Church? That Church has added to the simple evangelism of my first teachers, but it has obscured, diluted, enfeebled, nothing of it—on the contrary, I have found a power, a resource, a comfort, a consolation in our Lord’s divinity and atonement, in His Real Presence, in communion in His Divine and Human Person, which all good Catholics indeed have, but which Evangelical Christians have but faintly.” LD 31:189.
444. JHN to Mrs. Houldsworth, 3 July 1871, in LD 25:352–53.
445. JHN to H. W. Banner, 18 November 1845, in LD 11:26–27.
446. JHN to Daniel Radford, 15 October 1862, in LD 20:304.
447. JHN to Henry Wilberforce, 7 March 1849, in LD 13:78–79.
448. JHN to Edward Walford, 10 May 1860, in LD 19:336.
449. JHN to Lady Chatterton, 19 July 1863, in LD 20:495.
450. JHN to J. R. Bloxam, 18 January 1876, in LD 28:17.
451. JHN to Daniel Radford, 15 October 1862, in LD 20:307–8.
452. JHN to Henry Wilberforce, 4 July 1846, in LD 11:190–91.
453. JHN to F. R. Wegg-Prosser, 22 February 1852, in LD 15:42. In numerous letters about the “infallibility controversy,” Newman reiterated that the initial question centers on the trueness of the Church, and only subsequently on the Papacy.
454. JHN to W. E. Gladstone, 26 February 1875, in LD 27:236.
455. JHN to Miss Alice Smith, 3 November 1870, in LD 25:225.
456. JHN to William Brownlow, 23 April 1871, in LD 25:231.
457. JHN to Miss Ellen Fox, 25 February 1868, in LD 24:41.
458. JHN to Spencer Northcote, 18 June 1862, in LD 20:209–10.
459. JHN to A. J. Hammer, 10 February 1849, in LD 12:168.
460. JHN to F. R. Wegg-Prosser, 24 September 1851, in LD 14:367.
461. JHN to William Froude, 7 April 1863, in LD 20:430.
462. JHN to Unknown Correspondent, 19 August 1874, in LD 27:109–10.
463. JHN to Catherine Ward, 18 November 1848, in LD 12:335–36.
464. JHN to Catherine Ward, 30 November 1848, in LD 12:354.
465. Ibid., 354–55.
466. JHN to Unknown Correspondent, 19 June 1870, in LD 25:147.
467. JHN to Lady Heywood, 8 March 1876, in LD 28:38.
468. Ibid., 39.
469. JHN to Mrs. Houldsworth, 16 May 1871, in LD 25:330–31.
470. JHN to Lord Charles Thynne, 18 January 1852, in LD 15:19–20.
471. JHN to S. S. Shiel, 25 January 1870, in LD 25:12–14. For other letters related to the Church’s visibility, see:
JHN to Miss Rowe, 16 September 1873, in LD 26:364–67;
JHN to John Mozley, 1 April 1875, in LD 27:259–63;
JHN to James McCarten, 24 October 1878, in LD 28:412–13.
472. JHN to Miss Rowe, 16 September 1873, in LD 26:365.
473. JHN to Robert Campbell, 23 October 1851, in LD 14:401.
474. Ibid.
475. JHN to Robert Campbell, 21 October 1851, in LD 14:402.
476. JHN to Daniel Radford, 15 October 1862, in LD 20:305.
477. Ibid., 306.
478. JHN to Lord Charles Thynne, 24 March 1852, in LD 15:58–59.
479. JHN to Albert Smith, 8 January 1868, in LD 24:5–6.
480. Ibid., 5.
481. JHN to A. J. Hammer, 18 November 1849, in LD 13:295–96.
482. Ibid., 296.
483. JHN to J. F. Seccombe, 14 December 1869, in LD 24:390.
484. JHN to R. F. Hutton, 20 October 1871, in LD 25:418.
485. JHN to Lord Charles Thynne, 24 March 1852, in LD 15:58–59.
486. JHN to Henry Wilberforce, 4 July 1845, in LD 11:191.
487. JHN to John Mozley, 19 April 1847, in LD 27:55.
488. JHN to William Gainsford, 10 November 1870, in LD 25:227.
489. JHN to William Pope, 15 April 1853, in LD 15:350.
490. Ibid., 349.
491. Ibid., 349–50.
492. JHN to Henry Wilberforce, 4 July 1846, in LD 11:190–91.
493. JHN to Alice Smith, 3 November 1870, in LD 25:225.
494. JHN to E. B. Pusey, 23 March 1867, in LD 23:105.
495. JHN to W. J. O’Neill, 13 December 1853, in LD 15:499.
496. Ibid.
497. JHN to Mrs. Helbert, 28 September 1869, in LD 24:339.
498. JHN to R. C. Jenkins, 19 February 1866, in LD 22:160.
499. JHN to Catherine Ward, 19 December 1848, in LD 12:378.
500. JHN to Albert Smith, 6 January 1869, in LD 24:204.
501. JHN to S. S. Shiel, 25 January 1870, in LD 25:14.
502. JHN to Marquise de Salvo, 18 December 1845, in LD 11:71.
503. JHN to Henry Wilberforce, 29 May 1846, in LD 11:166–67.
504. JHN to Lady Heywood, 15 November 1875, in LD 27:376.
505. JHN to Viscount Fielding, 15 November 1850, in LD 14:129–30. For similar letters manifesting empathy, see the following:
JHN to A. J. Hammer, 17 November 1849, in LD 13:311;
JHN to Lord Charles Thynne, 30 January 1852, in LD 15:25;
JHN to Unknown Correspondent, March 1871, in LD 25:294;
JHN to Frederick Capes, 24 May 1865, in LD 21:475;
JHN to Mrs. William Clark, 30 August 1873, in LD 26:357–58;
JHN to Mrs. William Clark, 22 November 1875, in LD 27:381;
JHN to Lady Heywood, 8 March 1876, in LD 28:37–39;
JHN to Mrs. Frederick Lee, 2 April 1881, in LD 29:356–57.
506. JHN to Marquise de Salvo, 18 December 1845, in LD 11:71.
507. JHN to A. J. Hammer, 11 December 1845, in LD 11:60.
508. JHN to Mrs. J. W. Bowden, 22 March 1846, in LD 11:140–41. Mrs. Bowden entered the Roman Catholic Church in October, the previous year.
509. Ibid., 141.
510. Ibid.
511. JHN to Mrs. J. W. Bowden, 7 June 1846, in LD 11:173–74.
512. JHN to Lady Heywood, 8 March 1876, in LD 28:37.
513. JHN to Gilbert Simmons, 28 June 1868, in LD 24:95–96. For similar letters where Newman advised acting slowly see:
JHN to William Maskell, 7 January 1850, in LD 13:371–73;
JHN to Mrs. William Froude, 20 May 1856, in LD 17:243–44;
JHN to Baroness von Köller, 1 July 1864, in LD 21:140–41;
JHN to Henry Coleridge, 22 February 1873, in LD 26:265;
JHN to James McCarten, 24 October 1878, in LD 28:412–13;
Newman seemed particularly concerned with young people who wanted to convert; for his counsel to them see:
JHN to Charles Williamson, 7 June 1874, in LD 27:74;
JHN to Mr. Hutton, 17 April 1878, in LD 28:345–46;
JHN to Emily Fortey, 6 July 1882, in LD 30:109–10;
JHN to Marion Tucker, 4 September 1882, in LD 30:124.
514. On a number of occasions Newman explicitly declined to advise someone whom he did not know personally. Most of these occurred in his later years. However, he answered their questions or responded in a general way:
JHN to Miss Bristowe, 15 April 1866, in LD 22:212–13;
JHN to Gilbert Simmons, 28 June 1868, in LD 24:95–96;
JHN to Fanny Pearson, 31 October 1870, in LD 25:222;
JHN to Unknown Correspondent, March 1871, in LD 25:294;
JHN to Archibald Maccall, 27 April 1874, in LD 27:57–58;
JHN to Lady Heywood, 15 November 1875, in LD 27:376–78;
JHN to Mr. Hutton, 17 April 1878, in LD 28:345–46;
JHN to Mrs. Christie, 29 December 1881, in LD 30:40;
JHN to Marion Tucker, 4 September 1882, in LD 30:124.
515. JHN to Mrs. J. W. Bowden, 22 August 1846, in LD 11:230.
516. JHN to Richard Hutton, 16 February 1870, in LD 25:30.
517. JHN to Marquise de Salvo, 14 December 1845, in LD 11:63.
518. JHN to Mrs. William Froude, 16 June 1848, in LD 12:223–24.
519. JHN to Fanny Pearson, 31 October 1870, in LD 25:222.
520. JHN to A. J. Hammer, 10 February 1848, in LD 12:168.
521. JHN to Henry Wilberforce, 10 October 1840, in LD 13:270.
522. JHN to Baroness von Köller, 1 July 1864, in LD 21:140.
523. JHN to Mrs. William Clark, 31 December 1875, in LD 27:397.
524. JHN to Richard Hutton, 16 February 1870, in LD 25:30.
525. JHN to James Le Quesne, 11 October 1879, in LD 29:185.
526. JHN to Unknown Correspondent, 19 June 1881, in LD 29:287.
527. JHN to Mrs. Alfred Newdigate, 23 July 1873, in LD 26:341. Both husband and wife were received into the Catholic Church in 1875.
528. JHN to Mrs. Hutton, 17 April 1878, in LD 28:345–46.
529. JHN to Mrs. William Froude, 2 March 1854, in LD 16:65–66.
530. Newman, Autobiographical Writings, 255.
531. JHN to Henry Wilberforce, 13 December 1846, in LD 11:294.
532. JHN to Henry Bourne, 13 June 1848, in LD 12:218.
533. JHN to the Editor of The Globe, 28 June 1862, in LD 20:215.
534. JHN to Sir Frederic Rogers, 2 February 1868, in LD 24:25.
535. Although a number of studies have been done on Newman’s views on infallibility, his correspondence abounds with material about the pastoral problems occasioned by the debate on and the definition of infallibility. Altogether there are 138 letters concerning some aspect of infallibility:
LD 11 (1845–1846): 4 letters;
LD 13 (1849–1850): 2 letters;
LD 14 (1850–1851): 5 letters;
LD 15 (1852–1853): 2 letters;
LD 19 (1859–1861): 2 letters;
LD 20 (1861–1863): 1 letter;
LD 21 (1864–1865): 4 letters;
LD 22 (1865–1866): 3 letters;
LD 23 (1866–1867): 5 letters;
LD 24 (1868–1869): 9 letters;
LD 25 (1870–1871): 60 letters;
LD 26 (1872–1873): 15 letters;
LD 27 (1874–1875): 29 letters;
LD 31 (1885–1890): 3 letters;
LD Supplement, 31: 2 letters. Both of these letters were written in 1858. As the prospect of a definition became more likely and immediately after it occurred, the number of letters on this subject increased.
536. Chronologically, five periods can be distinguished: (1) 1845–April 24, 1870; (2) April 24, 1870–July 18, 1870, the period when it became clear that the doctrine of infallibility would be defined; (3) July 18, 1870, when Pastor Aeternus (the Dogmatic Constitution which included the Definition of the infallible magisterium of the Pope) was promulgated until the end of the year when it became clear that opposition would not continue and the Council would not be reconvened; (4) 1871–1875; (5) after the publication of his Letter to the Duke of Norfolk (1875).
537. JHN to Mrs. Anstice, 15 December 1845, in LD 11:69.
538. Ibid..
539. JHN to Henry Wilberforce, 8 June 1846, in LD 11:174.
540. JHN to Henry Wilberforce, 4 July 1846, in LD 11:190.
541. JHN to A. J. Hammer, 18 November 1849, in LD 13:295.
542. Ibid., 295–96.
543. JHN to Francis Wegg-Prosser, 10 September 1851, in LD 14:354.
544. JHN to Francis Wegg-Prosser, 24 September 1851, in LD 14:365–68. For the remaining correspondence with Wegg-Prosser, see the following:
JHN to Francis Wegg-Prosser, 7 September 1851, in LD 14:348–51;
JHN to Francis Wegg-Prosser, 18 September 1851, in LD 14:360–61;
JHN to Francis Wegg-Prosser, 20 February 1852, in LD 15:39–40;
JHN to Francis Wegg-Prosser, 22 February 1852, in LD 15:41–42.
545. JHN to J. H. Nevins, 25 June 1874, in LD 27:84.
546. Ultramontanism is a term used to describe a strong emphasis on centralization in the Church, or on papal authority in matters of ecclesiastical government and doctrine. It was especially applied to those favoring the definition of infallibility prior to Vatican I.
547. JHN to Wilfrid Ward, 9 May 1867, in LD 23:217.
548. JHN to Henry Wilberforce, 21 July 1867, in LD 23:274.
549. JHN to F. C. Burnand, 5 November 1865, in LD 22:94–95.
550. JHN to Thomas Arnold, 4 June 1865, in LD 21:484. In 1876, Arnold became a catholic once more.
551. JHN to J. Walker of Scarborough, 15 December 1868, in LD 24:188.
552. JHN to Peter Le Page Renouf, 21 June 1868, in LD 24:92. In a second letter to Renouf on November 30, 1868, Newman stated: “I have ever held the Pope’s Infallibility, that is, held it as a theological opinion, the most probable amid conflicting historical arguments.” LD 24:180.
553. JHN to Mrs. Helbert, 30 August 1869, in LD 24:324.
554. For letters presenting his reasons for his opposition to the Definition, see:
JHN to Mrs. William Froude, 21 November 1869, in LD 24:377–78;
JHN to David Moriarty, Bishop of Kerry, 28 January 1870, in LD 25:16–17.
JHN to Alfred Plummer, 28 February 1872, in LD 26:34–35;
JHN to Alfred Plummer, 19 July 1872, in LD 26:138–39.
JHN to Ambrose St. John, 21 August 1870, in LD 25:192.
JHN to Richard Hutton, 16 February 1870, in LD 25:30–32.
JHN to Robert Whitty, 12 April 1870, in LD 25:92–96.
555. JHN to Ambrose de Lisle, 7 April 1870, in LD 25:82.
556. JHN to Charlotte Wood, 14 April 1870, in LD 25:99.
557. JHN to Bishop Ullathorne, 29 January 1870, in LD 25:18–19.
558. JHN to Robert Whitty, 12 April 1870, in LD 25:93.
559. Ibid., 92–93.
560. JHN to Francis Wackerbarth, 28 June 1870, in LD 25:153–54.
561. JHN, 27 June 1870, in LD 25:151, Memorandum on the Definition of Infallibility. Explaining the difference between “inexpedient” and “inopportune” he wrote:
“inopportune
To Him who sees the end from the beginning, whatever he does is expedient i.e. in the long run but it may be inexpedient for the time.
Inopportune means 1. uncharitable
2. unecclesiastical—a false step.”
562. JHN to W. J. Daunt, 27 June 1870, in LD 25:150.
563. Political events overtook the Council: The Franco-Prussian war broke out on July 19; Italian troops entered Rome on September 20. The Council was suspended on October 20.
564. William Clifford, Bishop of Clifton to JHN, 9 December 1870, in LD 25:246.
565. JHN to Ambrose de Lisle, 24 July 1870, in LD 25:164.
566. JHN to Anna Whitty, 9 September 1870, in LD 25:204.
567. JHN to Lady Chatterton, 4 August 1870, in LD 25:172–73.
568. JHN to David Moriarty, Bishop of Kerry, 1 November 1870, in LD 25:222–23. Bracketed translation added.
569. JHN to Lady Simeon, 18 November 1870, in LD 25:230–31.
570. JHN to Anna Whitty, 31 August 1870, in LD 25:200–201. In an eight point letter to Mrs. Beckwith, Newman summarized his position and pastoral practice in this way:
I believe the Pope’s Infallibility.
I have strongly opposed to its being defined.
Even tho’ an article of faith it need not be expedient.
I doubt whether it is yet an article of faith.
Such confusion has been at other times.
Be calm—beware of dangerous steps.
Don’t set yourself against the doctrine. Exclude doubts—make an act of faith in all teaching of the Church.
Choose a confessor who will absolve you. Go to communion.
JHN to Mrs. William Beckwith, 21 August 1870, in LD 25:189.
571. JHN to William Monsell, 20 January 1871, in LD 26:11.
572. JHN to William Gainsford, 27 August 1870, in LD 25:196–97.
573. JHN to Alfred Plummer, 3 April 1871, in LD 25:309.
574. Ibid., 310.
575. JHN to Lady Simeon, 15 October 1871, in LD 25:414–15.
576. JHN to Sir. William Cope, 10 December 1871, in LD 25:447.
577. JHN to Richard Littledale, 17 September 1872, in LD 26:171. Pro re nata, which literally means “for the thing that has been born,” usually means “in the particular circumstances” or “according to the specific need.”
578. For letters detailing his efforts in drafting his Letter, see JHN to Duke of Norfolk, 22 November 1874, in LD 27:158–59: “It is the toughest job I ever had, and I have a great anxiety lest after all, when it is done, it should not do its work.” Newman wrote Lord Emly on November 23, 1874: “For 5 or 6 weeks I have been hard at it for perhaps 5 or 6 hours a day, and have produced nothing. I have written quires, but not pleased myself and begun again. Gladstone is so rambling and slovenly, it is so difficult to follow him with any logical exactness. I can’t get a plan. Today I have begun on a new arrangement of matter (for matter I have more than enough) and at present I am satisfied with it—but my great fear is that in two or three days I shall see it won’t do.” LD 27:159. In January 1875, Gladstone wrote a personal response to Newman’s letter. He said, “The simple and sole purpose of these lines is to thank you for the genial and gentle manner in which you have treated me and the evident unwillingness you have shown to fasten upon me censures which you not unnaturally think that I deserve.” William Gladstone to JHN, 15 January 1875, in LD 27:192–93.
579. Joseph Fessler (1813–1872), who was Secretary General of the First Vatican Council, published an interpretation of the Council’s teaching about infallibility. Fessler’s book was translated into English as True and False Infallibility of the Popes (1875) by Ambrose St. John, a member of the Birmingham Oratory.
580. JHN to James Bredin, 10 May 1886, in LD 31:137–38.
581. JHN to Henry Coleridge, 29 April 1869, in LD 24:247.
582. In a postscript to Henry Bittleston in a letter on June 29, 1857, Newman described a sacrament. “1. Sacrament, (Lat. Sacramentum etc.) is the received name for the seven special sacred rites of the Catholic Church; . . . 3. Sacraments are distinguished from all other rites, as being both signs and means of grace, instituted by our Lord Himself, whether immediately or through his Apostles. By their being means of grace, is meant that they are instruments, through or together with which supernatural grace is given to the recipient; and by their being signs, that the visible rite is symbolical (or analogous) of the particular kind or virtue of the grace given.” LD 18:65.
583. JHN to George Edwards, 8 November 1882, in LD 30:146.
584. JHN to Henry Bittleston, 29 June 1857, in LD 18:65–66.
585. Ibid.
586. Newman, Apologia, 239. “I had no difficulty in believing it, as soon as I believed that the Catholic Roman Church was the oracle of God, and that she had declared this doctrine to be part of the original revelation.” In a letter to Henry Wilberforce, dated January 27, 1846, Newman wrote: “And when I was at the early Eucharistic Service at St. Mary’s (I thus specify it, because I am appealing to my memory distinctly) I had an absolute and overpowering sense of the Real Presence.” LD 11:101.
587. JHN to Henry Wilberforce, 26 February 1846, in LD 11:129.
588. JHN to Lady Chatterton, Holy Thursday 1866, in LD 22:194.
589. JHN to Helen Forbes, 4 October 1864, in LD 21:249.
590. JHN to Mrs. Wilson, 3 July 1870, in LD 25:156–57.
591. JHN to Lady Simeon, 18 November 1870, in LD 25:231.
592. JHN to J. W. Capes, 10 August 1858, in LD 18:437.
593. JHN to Henry Bellairs, 27 November 1879, in LD 29:205.
594. JHN to Edward Plumptre, 9 August 1871, in LD 25:377.
595. JHN to Unknown Correspondent, 3 July 1867, in LD 23:261.
596. JHN to E. B. Pusey, 26 February 1871, in LD 25:292.
597. JHN to Lady Chatterton, 13 June 1873, in LD 26:325–26.
598. JHN to Unknown Correspondent, 5 September 1873, in LD 26:360–61.
599. JHN to J. M. Capes, 2 December 1849, in LD 13:318–19.
600. JHN to E. B. Pusey, 26 February 1871, in LD 25:292–93.
601. JHN to Unknown Correspondent, 3 July 1867, in LD 23:261.
602. JHN to J. L. Walton, 9 September 1880, in LD 29:298n4.
603. Ibid.
604. JHN to J. H. Walton, 9 September 1880, in LD 29:299.
605. JHN to Dr. Moore, 16 June 1878, in LD 28:369.
606. JHN to A. J. Hammer, 16 January 1850, in LD 13:388.
607. JHN to Miss M.R. Giberne, 19 December 1884, in LD 30:444–45.
608. JHN to J. H. Nevins, 4 June 1872, in LD 26:105. This letter also contains a good summary of Newman’s eschatological teaching in summary form without any elaboration.
609. JHN to Unknown Correspondent, 5 September 1873, in LD 26:361.
610. Newman, Autobiographical Writings, 255, in his notes on the St. Eusebio Retreat.
611. JHN to Lady Chatterton, 16 June 1863, in LD 20:471.
612. JHN to Miss Ellen Fox, 25 January 1868, in LD 24:41.
613. JHN to Mrs. John W. Bowden, 7 March 1864, in LD 12:59.
614. JHN to Mrs. William Froude, 2 January 1855, in LD 16:341.
615. JHN to Lady Chatterton, 16 June 1863, in LD 20:471.
616. JHN to Catherine Ward, 25 September 1848, in LD 12:273.
617. JHN, Autumn 1848, in LD 12:399–400, appendix 5.
618. Ibid., 402, appendix 6.
619. JHN to John Perrin, 9 September 1864, in LD 15:224.
620. JHn to Edward Berdoe, 2 October 1865, in LD 22:64.
621. Newman, Apologia, 239–40, 165.
622. Newman, Sermon 12, in Parochial and Plain Sermons, 2:128, 131–32, 135–37; March 25, 1832. As a Roman Catholic, Newman wrote many letters concerning the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, promulgated in 1854. He felt that this belief exemplified his theory of the development of doctrine, and wrote many people on its meaning, origins, and interpretation. See the following letters relating to the Immaculate Conception:
JHN to W. G. Ward, 11 March 1849, in LD 13:81–83;
JHN to Mrs. J. W. Bowden, 13 March 1849, in LD 13:84–85;
JHN to Bishop Ullathorne, 5 November 1849, in LD 13:284;
JHN to Robert Wilberforce, 3 April 1850, in LD 13:456;
JHN to J. D. Dalgairns, 8 December 1850, in LD 14:161–62;
JHN to J. M. Capes, 28 December 1853, in LD 15:513.
On February 2, 1849, Pius IX issued his encyclical Ubi Primum, asking the views of the bishops and their people as to the question of defining the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception. Newman felt that the proposed definition was in line with his doctrine of development. See JHN to W. G. Ward, 11 March 1849, in LD 13:81n2, 83n3.
The following letters were written after the definition:
JHN to Bishop Ullathorne, 19 October 1854, in LD 16:280–81;
JHN to John Flanagan, 13 December 1854, in LD 16:317–18;
JHN to Archbishop Cullen, 8 December 1854, in LD 16:319;
JHN to F. W. Faber, 30 December 1854, in LD 16:338–39;
JHN to A. Lisle Phillips, 3 April 1855, in LD 16:435;
JHN to Richard Stanton, 15 August 1855, in LD 16:526–27;
JHN to Arthur Alleyne, 30 May 1860, in LD 19:346–47;
JHN to Arthur Alleyne, 8 June 1860, in LD 19:358–59;
JHN to Arthur Alleyne, 15 June 1860, in LD 19:361–70;
JHN to William Wilberforce, 9 December 1860, in LD 19:437–38;
JHN to Lady Chatterton, 2 October 1865, in LD 22:65–67;
JHN to E. B. Pusey, 3 November 1865, in LD 22:93;
JHN to James Hope-Scott, 26 November 1865, in LD 22:112–13;
JHN to E. B. Pusey, 19 January 1866, in LD 22:133;
JHN to Bishop Ullathorne, 13 February 1866, in LD 22:154–55;
JHN to Robert Jenkins, 19 February 1866, in LD 22:160–61;
JHN to Sister Mary Imelda Poole, 2 April 1866, in LD 22:200;
JHN to M. J. Rhodes, 25 April 1866, in LD 22:224–25;
JHN to E. B. Pusey, 31 May 1866, in LD 22:243;
JHN to E. B. Pusey, 9 June 1869, in LD 24:267;
JHN to E. B. Pusey, 4 July 1869, in LD 24:282–84;
JHN to Mrs. Helbert, 10 September 1869, in LD 24:328–31;
JHN to Mrs. Helbert, 28 September 1869, in LD 24:337–40;
In one letter, Newman explicitly wrote in favor of the Assumption. See JHN to Robert Jenkins, 11 January 1879, in LD 29:6.
623. JHN to Mrs. George Ryder, 28 March 1848, in LD 12:194–95.
624. JHN to Marquise de Salvo, 11 June 1848, in LD 12:217.
625. JHN to Arthur Alleyne, 15 June 1860, in LD 19:364.
626. JHN to Robert Forsaith, 25 December 1876, in LD 28:149.
627. JHN to Catherine Ward, 18 November 1848, in LD 12:333.
628. JHN to Lady Chatterton, Holy Thursday 1866, in LD 22:193–94.
629. JHN to George Ryder, 19 September 1848, in LD 12:263.
630. JHN to John Keble, 8 October 1865, in LD 22:68.
631. JHN to E. B. Pusey, 3 February 1865, in LD 21:401–2.
632. JHN to John Perrin, 9 September 1864, in LD 21:224–25.
633. JHN to Miss Ellen Fox, 25 February 1868, in LD 24:41.
634. JHN to Francis Wegg-Prosser, 22 February 1852, in LD 15:42.
635. JHN to Mrs. William Froude, 16 June 1848, in LD 21:223–24.
636. From a critical perspective, one can note other models which are employed in speaking about the Church today that were not utilized or emphasized by Newman; for example, see Dulles, Models of the Church.