Notes, Glossary, Bibliography and Further Reading

NOTES

8. Ibid.

CHAPTER 1:

Pulled into the Spotlight 9. Ibid., p. 17.

1. John Calvin,“Preface”to the Commentary

10. Ibid., p. 43.

on the Book of Psalms, in Selected Writings of John Calvin, ed. John Dillenberger. Mis- CHAPTER 4:

soula, Mont.: Scholars Press, 1975, p. 28.

Learning to Be a Leader:

2. Cited in Thomas J. Davis, The Clearest

1536–1541 Promises of God: The Development of Calvin’s Eucharistic Teaching. New York: 11. William G. Naphy, Calvin and the Con- AMS Press, 1995, p. 8, note 1. There is still solidation of the Genevan Reformation. some defense of this sentiment: See Alister Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox E. McGrath, A Life of John Calvin: A Study Press, 2003, p. 20.

in the Shaping of Western Culture. Oxford,

12. McGrath, p. 102.

England: Basil Blackwell,1990,pp.145–147.

13. “Romans 1:17,” in The New Oxford Anno- 3. William J. Bouwsma, “A World Out of

tated Bible with the Apocrypha, Revised Joint.” Chap. 3 in John Calvin: A Sixteenth

Standard Version, ed. Herbert G. May and Century Portrait. Oxford, England:

Bruce M. Metzger. New York: Oxford Oxford University Press, 1988.

University Press, 1977.

4. This was a book called Julius Excluded,

14. Parker, p. 92.
probably written by a famous Christian
humanist named Erasmus. The first
dated edition was published in 1518, CHAPTER 5:
though undated editions appeared before

Calvin’s Return to Geneva that year. Many date the writing someand the Establishment of a where around 1513.

Reformed Church: 1541–1549 15. John Calvin, Reply to Letter by Cardinal CHAPTER 2:

Sadolet to the Senate and Peole of Geneva, Growing Up as the World in Calvin, Selected Writings, p. 115. Changes: 1509–1527

16. Ibid., p. 83.

5. Most scholars date Calvin’s entry into col- 17. John Calvin, Selected Works of John lege as 1523. See, for example, Alexandre

Calvin, 7 vols., ed. Jules Bonnet, trans. Ganoczy, The Young Calvin, trans. David

David Constable. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Foxgrover and Wade Provo. Philadelphia,

Baker Book House, 1983, 4:212. Penn.: Westminster Press, 1987, p. 57. A few people, however, place Calvin in Paris 18. Ibid., 4:187.

as early as 1520 or 1521, when he would

19. This analysis is based on the work of have been 11 or 12 years old. See T.H.L.

Charles M. Cooke, M.D.,“Calvin’s Illnesses Parker, John Calvin. Tring, England, and

and Their Relation to Christian Vocation,” Batavia, Ill.: Lion Publishing, 1987, p. 188.

in Calvin Studies IV, ed. John Leith and W. Stacy Johnson. Davidson, N.C.: Davidson College, 1988, pp. 41–52. Though these CHAPTER 3:

medical problems began to appear in the From Lawyer to Protestant

late 1540s, by the mid-1550s, acute pain Reformer: 1528–1535

and extreme difficulty in breathing char- 6. McGrath, p. 59. acterized Calvin’s existence.

7. John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian 20. Bouwsma argues from solid evidence that

Calvin and his wife had at least three Religion, 1536 Edition, rev. ed., trans. Ford Lewis Battles. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. children, and perhaps four. See B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1986, p. 1. Bouwsma, p. 23.

NOTES

35. Brian A. Gerrish, Grace and Gratitude: CHAPTER 6:

The Eucharistic Theology of John Calvin. Calvin’s Geneva: 1550–1564

Minneapolis, Minn.: Fortress Press, 1993, 21. Parker, p. 137.

p. 20.

22. Naphy, p. 144.

23. Ibid., p. 150.

CHAPTER 8:

Calvin’s Theology 24. McGrath, p. 116.

36. François Wendel, Calvin: The Origins and 25. John Calvin,“Calvin’s Will and Address

Development of His Religious Thought, to the Magistrates and Ministers,” in

trans. Philip Mairet. London: Wm. Calvin, Selected Writings, p. 36.

Collins Sons, 1963, p. 111, quoting 26. Ibid., pp. 35–36. Imbart de la Tour.

37. John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian

Religion, 2 vols., ed. John T. McNeill and CHAPTER 7:

trans. Ford Lewis Battles. Philadelphia, Calvin and the Word of God

Penn.: Westminster Press, 1960. 1.1.3 27. John Calvin, The Mystery of Godliness

38. Institutes 1.4.4.
and Other Selected Sermons. Grand
Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1950, 39. Institutes 1.5.10.
p. 17.

40. Institutes 1.6.1.

28. John Calvin, The Gospel According to

41. Institutes 2.12.1.
John, Part One, 1–10, trans. T.H.L. Parker.
Edinburgh, Scotland: Oliver and Boyd, 42. Institutes 2.17.1.
1961; reprinted, Grand Rapids, Mich.:

43. Institutes 3.1.1.

Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1975, p. 167.

44. Institutes 3.2.6.

29. Willem van’t Spijker,“Calvin’s Friendship

with Martin Bucer,” in Calvin Studies

45. Institutes 3.2.7.

Society Papers, 1995–1997: Calvin and

46. Institutes 3.6.4.
Spirituality; Calvin and His Contempo-
raries, ed. David Foxgrover. Grand

47. W. Fred Graham, The Constructive Rapids, Mich.: CSS, 1998, p. 174.

Revolutionary: John Calvin and His Socio-Economic Impact, paperback ed.

30. John Calvin, The Epistles of Paul to the

Atlanta, Ga.: John Knox Press, 1978. Romans and Thessalonians, trans. Ross McKenzie. Edinburgh, Scotland: Oliver

48. Institutes 4.20.32.
and Boyd, 1963; reprint, Grand Rapids,
Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1973, p. 231.
31. Calvin, The Mystery of Godliness, p. 25. CHAPTER 9:

Calvin’s Legacy 32. Ibid., p. 48.

49. Calvin, Selected Works, 2:325. Again, in 33. B. A. Gerrish,“John Calvin and the

assessing Luther, Calvin thought Luther’s Reformed Doctrine of the Lord’s

gifts should be appreciated, but then Supper,” McCormick Quarterly 22

he went on to say “to extol his defects (1969): p. 92.

as if they were virtues is foolish.” Ibid., 34. John Calvin, The Epistles of Paul the Apos- 2:477.

tle to the Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians,

50. John T. McNeill, The History and Char- and Colossians, translated by T.H.L.

acter of Calvinism. New York: Oxford Parker. Edinburgh, Scotland: Oliver and

University Press, 1954, p. 234. Boyd, 1965; reprint, Grand Rapids, Mich.:

Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1965, pp. 209–210. 51. McGrath, p. 261.

GLOSSARY

Anti-trinitarian—One who does not believe in the concept of the Trinity, which holds that there is one God in three persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

Apology—A work that serves to justify or defend a principle or idea.

Baptism—A sacrament in which water is used ritualistically to admit an individual into the Christian community and to signify the forgiveness of sins.

Canon Law—The laws governing a church.

Catechism—Instructions in the principles of Christian faith, often in a question and answer format.

Catholic Church—Typically refers to the Roman Catholic Church, with its base in the Vatican; the Catholic Church is one of the first Christian churches and the one from which the Protestants divided in the sixteenth century.

Christendom—The idea that the institutions of Christianity worked with the various machineries of state (kings, princes, dukes, war leaders, etc.) to rule society; the nation of Christian society.

Communion—Also Lord’s Supper or Eucharist. Of the seven sacraments in the Catholic Church, Calvin recognized only two, including Communion (Baptism is the second); Communion involves consuming bread and wine in celebration of the Last Supper, during which Jesus distributed bread and wine as his “body and blood.”

Conciliarism—The idea that the true head of the church is a duly constituted council of the church.

Doctrine—The core beliefs of a religion.

Excommunication—An exclusion of a particular member from a community; in the case of those excommunicated from the church, this typically involved being denied access to the sacraments, most notably Communion.

Gospel—The teachings or Word of Christ; also the first four books of the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John).

GLOSSARY

Great Schism—After the French forcibly moved the pope to the

French-controlled Avignon, France, in the fourteenth century, other countries sought to regain control of the papacy and installed a new pope in Rome, leading to the splintering of the Catholic Church between the two popes.

Humanism—A movement that valued the intellectual heritage and languages of the classical world. Emphasis placed on the restoration of correct and elegant Latin (as well as Greek). For Christian humanists, it meant the recovery of biblical languages and the writings of early Christians.

Lord’s Supper—see Communion. New Testament—In the Christian Bible, the 27 books that tell about the life of Jesus Christ, his death and resurrection, and the meaning of Chistian life, faith, and community.

Old Testament—The sacred scripture of the Jewish people, written mostly in Hebrew, it was incorporated into the Christian Bible as the “old” testament, that is, the testament (covenant) God had enacted before the coming of Christ, whom Christians thought initiated a “new” covenant (testament).

Piety—Religious devotion and duty.

Pope—The religious head of the Roman Catholic Church. Predestination—The belief that God chooses or “elects” who will receive his gift of salvation.

Protestant—Literally, “one who protests”; the umbrella term used to classify Christians who are not members of the Roman Catholic or Eastern Church. Originally, it was used by Catholics as a term of derision starting in the late 1520s.

Reformation—The movement to reform the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century that resulted in the abandonment of some practices (such as the selling of indulgences) and the establishment of Protestant churches.

Sacrament—A Christian rite believed to be ordained by Jesus Christ.

Of the seven that the Catholic Church recognizes, Calvin only recognized two: Communion and Baptism.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

WRITINGS OF JOHN CALVIN IN ENGLISH TRANSLATION Calvin, John. The Epistles of Paul the Apostle to the Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, and Colossians. Translated by T.H.L. Parker. Edinburgh, Scotland: Oliver and Boyd, 1965. Reprint, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1965.

———. The Epistles of Paul to the Romans and Thessalonians. Translated by Ross McKenzie. Edinburgh, Scotland: Oliver and Boyd, 1963. Reprint, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1973.

———. The Gospel According to John, Part One, 1–10. Translated by T.H.L. Parker. Edinburgh, Scotland: Oliver and Boyd, 1961. Reprint, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1975.

———. Institutes of the Christian Religion. Edited by John T. McNeill.

Translated by Ford Lewis Battles. 2 vols. Philadelphia, Penn.: Westminster Press, 1960. This is the standard English translation of the 1559 Institutes, originally written in Latin.

———. Institutes of the Christian Religion, 1536 Edition. Revised

edition. Translated by Ford Lewis Battles. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1986.

———. The Mystery of Godliness and Other Selected Sermons. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1950.

———. Selected Works of John Calvin. Edited by Jules Bonnet. Translated by David Constable. 7 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House, 1983.

———. Selections From His Writings. Edited with an Introduction by John Dillenberger. Missoula, Mont.: Scholars Press, 1975.

BOOKS AND ARTICLES ABOUT JOHN CALVIN Bouwsma, William J. John Calvin: A Sixteenth Century Portrait. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1988.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Cooke, Charles L., M.D. “Calvin’s Illnesses and Their Relation to Christian Vocation.” In Calvin Studies IV. Edited by John Leith and W. Stacy Johnson. Davidson, N.C.: Davidson College, 1988, pp. 41–52.

Davis, Thomas J. The Clearest Promises of God: The Development of Calvin’s Eucharistic Teaching. New York: AMS Press, 1995.

Ganoczy, Alexandre. The Young Calvin. Translated by David

Foxgrover and Wade Provo. Philadelphia, Penn.: Westminster Press, 1987.

Gerrish, B.A. “John Calvin and the Reformed Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper.” In McCormick Quarterly 22 (1969): pp. 85–98.

Gerrish, Brian A. Grace and Gratitude: The Eucharistic Theology of John Calvin. Minneapolis, Minn.: Fortress Press, 1993.

Graham, W. Fred. The Constructive Revolutionary: John Calvin and His Socio-Economic Impact. Paperback edition. Atlanta, Ga.: John Knox Press, 1978.

McGrath, Alister E. A Life of John Calvin: A Study in the Shaping of Western Culture. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell, 1990.

McNeill, John T. The History and Character of Calvinism. New York:

Oxford University Press, 1954.

Naphy, William G. Calvin and the Consolidation of the Genevan Reformation. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press, 2003.

Parker, T.H.L. John Calvin. Paperback edition. Tring, England, and Batavia, Ill.: Lion Publishing, 1987.

van ’t Spijker, Willem. “Calvin’s Friendship with Martin Bucer.” In Calvin Studies Society Papers, 1995–1997: Calvin and Spirituality; Calvin and His Contemporaries. Edited by David Foxgrover. Grand Rapids, Mich.: CSS, 1998, pp. 169–186.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Wendel, François. Calvin: The Origins and Development of His Religious Thought. Translated by Philip Mairet. London: Wm. Collins Sons, 1963.

OTHER WORKS The New Oxford Annotated Bible With the Apocrypha, Revised Standard Version. Edited by Herbert G. May and Bruce M. Metzger. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.