NOTES
NOTES
Chapter One
1 Fernand van Steenberghen, he XIIIe siecle. In Forest, van Steenberghen, and de Gandillac, Le Mouvement doctrinal du XIe an XIV siècle. Fliche-Martin, Histoire de l’Église, vol. 13 (Paris, 1951), p. 303. Back to text.
2 Éienne Gilson, History of Christian Philosophy in the Middle Ages (London and New York, 1955), p. 325. Back to text.
3 Friedrich Heer, Europäische Geistesgeschichte (Stuttgart, 1953), p. 147. Back to text.
4 Marie-Dominique Chenu, Introduction à l’étude de St. Thomas d’Aquin (Paris-Montreal, 1950), p. 13. Back to text.
5Gustav Schnürer, Kirche und Kultur im Mittelalter (Pader-born, 1926), II, p. 441. Back to text.
6 Liber primus Posteriorum Analyticorum, tract. 1, cap. 1 Opera Omnia. Ed. A. Borgnet (Paris, 1890), torn. 2, p. 3. Back to text.
7 C. G. 1, 2. Back to text.
8 Gilson, History, p. 325. Back to text.
9 Joseph Lortz, Die Reformation in Deutschland (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1939), I, p. 352. Back to text.
10 Heidelberg, 1956. Back to text.
11 Maisie Ward, Gilbert Keith Chesterton (New York, 1943), p. 620. Back to text.
12 The latest (eighth) edition was published in 1949 by Kosel Verlag, Munich. Back to text.
13 Paris, 1950. Back to text.
14 The fifth French edition was published in Paris in 1948; the English edition, from which we quote in the following pages, appeared in 1957 in London. Back to text.
15 Cf. “Les poésies de Rinaldo d’Aquino” (ed. O. Tallgren), in Memoires de la Société Neophilologique de Helsingfors, vol. 6 (1917). Back to text.
16 Contra retrah. 9; No. 803. Back to text.
17 Martin Grabmann, Mittelalterliches Geistesleben (Munich, 1926), I, p. 261. Back to text.
18 Reg. princ. 1, 8-10. Back to text.
Chapter Two
1 Martin Grabmann, “Die Kanonisation des heiligen Thomas.” Divus Thomas, Jahrgang 1 (1923), pp. 241f. Back to text.
2 Contra impugn. I, I; No, II. Back to text.
3 Vita S. Thomae 6, 31. Ed. D, Prümmer (St. Maximin, 1924). Back to text.
4 Oratia ad vitam sapienter instituendam. Opuscula Theologica. Ed. R. M. Spiazzi (Turin-Rome, 1954), vol. 2, p. 285. Back to text.
5 Thus the Thomas encyclical of Pius XI, “Studiorum ducem” (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1923), p. 16. Back to text.
6 Cf. Codex Juris Canonici, can. 589 and can. 1366. Back to text.
7 Likewise in the Thomas encyclical “Studiorum ducem,” p. 18. On the position of St. Thomas within Christian philosophy cf. Fidel G. Martinez, “The Place of St. Thomas in Catholic Philosophy,” Cross Currents, vol. 8 (New York, 1958), pp. 43 ff. Back to text.
8 Albert Mitterer, Die Entwicklungslehre Augustins im Vergleich mit dem Weltbild des bl. Thomas von Aquin und dem der Gegenwart (Vienna-Freiberg im Breisgau, 1956), p. 15. Similarly, on p. 327 is the statement: “The Church has . . . prescribed Thomism.” Back to text.
9 Cf. Étienne Gilson, The Christian Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas (London, 1957), p. 174; van Steenberghen, Le XUIe siècle, p. 261. Back to text.
10 Christian Philosophy, p. 174. Back to text.
11 Anselm Stolz, “Das Elend der Thomas-interpretation.” Benediktinische Monatsschrift, Jahrgang 13 (1931). In the same annual volume of this magazine: Stephen Schmutz, “Nach der Lehre des hl. Thomas” (on interpretations of Thomas). Back to text.
12 Shaw on Music. Ed. by Eric Bentley (New York, 1955), pp. 74 f. Back to text.
13 Cf. Josef Pieper, “The Timeliness of Thomism,” in The Silence of St. Thomas (New York: Pantheon, 1957). Back to text.
14 Andre Hayen, Thomas gestern und heute (Frankfurt, 1954), p. 62. Back to text.
15 L. B. Geiger, La Participation dans la philosophie de St. Thomas d’Aquin (Paris, 1942), p. 31. Back to text.
16 Chenu, Introduction, pp. 38 ff. Back to text.
17 H, C. Scheeben, Der heilige Dominikus (Freiburg im Breis-gau, 1937), p. 53. Back to text.
18 Quoted from Joseph Bernhart, Sinn der Geschichte (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1931), p. 53. Back to text.
19 Cf. Schnürer, Kirche und Kultur im Mittelalter, II, p. 442. Back to text.
20 Scheeben, Dominikus, p. 229. Back to text.
21 Joseph Bernhart, Der Vatikan als Weltmacht (Leipzig, 1930), p. 177. Back to text.
22 Scheeben, Dominikus, p. 43. Back to text.
23 Ibid., p. 57. Back to text.
24 Ibid., p. 143. Back to text.
25 Ibid., p. 135. Back to text.
26 Ibid., p. 377. Back to text.
27 Ibid., p. 164. Back to text.
28 Cf, Franz Xaver Seppelt, Der Kampf der Bettelorden an der Universität Paris in der Mitte des 15, Jahrhunderts (two parts), in Kirchengeschichtliche Abhandlungen, vol. 3 (Breslau, 1905) and vol. 6 (Breslau, 1908). Back to text.
29 Scheeben, Dominikus, p. 279. Back to text.
30 Cf, Schnürer, Kirche und Kultur im Mittelalter, II, p. 365. Back to text.
31 C. G. 1, 2. Back to text.
32 For example: Contra impugn. 2, 5; Nos. 203, 204, 205, 206. Back to text.
33 Contra impugn. 2, 4; No. 205. Back to text.
34 I, 65-74 (account of Creation); I, II, 98-105 (books of the Law in the Old Testament); III, 27-59 (life of Jesus). Back to text.
35 Contra impugn. 3; No. 121. Back to text.
Chapter Three
1 Processus inquisitionis, cap. 7, 66. Acta Sanctorum Martii (Venice, 1735), torn. I, pp. 707 f. Back to text.
2 Cf. Schnürer, Kirche und Kulturim Mittelalter, II, p. 434. Back to text.
3 Ibid. Back to text.
4 II, II, 11, 3. Back to text.
5 Ibid. Back to text.
6 De secreto 3. Back to text.
7 Ibid. Back to text.
8 Mittelalterliches Geistesleben, II, p. 67. Back to text.
9 Cf. Gilson, History, p. 244. Back to text.
10 Mittelalterliches Geistesleben, II, p. 71. Back to text.
11 Ibid. Back to text.
12 Ibid., I, p. 259. Cf. also Clemens Baeumker, Petrus von Hibernia, der Jugendlehrer des Thomas von Aquino, Sitzungsberichte der Bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften (Philosoph. Klasse), Munich, 1920. Back to text.
13 Grabmann, Mittelalterliches Geistesleben, I, p. 261. Back to text.
Chapter Four
1 The reference is to the textbook by Joseph Gredt, the first Latin edition of which was published in 1899-1901, the German edition in 1935 (both at Freiburg im Breisgau). Back to text.
2 Hans Meyer, Thomas von Aquin (Bonn, 1938), p. 32. Back to text.
3 Marie-Dominique Chenu, “L’équilibre de la scolastique médiévale.” Revue des sciences Back to text.
philosophiques et théologiques, vol. 29 (1940), p. 312.
4 In Met. 3, 11; No. 471. Back to text.
5 In An. 1, 8; No. 107. Similarly In De Caelo et mundo, 1, 22; 3, 6. Back to text.
6 Étienne Gilson, “Le christianisme et la tradition philosophique.” Revue des sciences philosophiques et theologiques, vol. 30 (1941-42), p. 254. Back to text.
7 Ibid. Back to text.
8 Ibid., pp. 249 ff. Back to text.
9 “. . . A sensibilibus recedere nolens. . .” Substant. separ, 3; No. 18. “. . . quae sunt manifesta secundum sensum. . .” Ibid., 2; No. 11. “Proprium eius philosophiae juit, a manifestis non discedere.” Spir. creat. 5 Back to text.
10 Letter to Schiller of April 28, 1797. Back to text.
11 Idea of a University (London, 1921), V, 5, pp. 109 f. Back to text.
12 Wilhelm von Hertz, Gesammelte Aufsätze. Ed. by Fr. von der Leyen (Stuttgart, 1905), p. 161. Back to text.
13 Grabmann, Mittelalterlkhes Geistesleben, II, p. 68. Back to text.
14 Ibid., II, 84. Back to text.
15 Hans Naumann, Der staufische Ritter (Leipzig, 1936), p. 56. Back to text.
16 Ibid., p. 92. Back to text.
17 Chenu, Introduction, p. 29. Back to text.
18 Quoted in ibid. Back to text.
19 C.G. 2,4 (1). Back to text.
20 Étienne Gilson, La philosophie au moyen-âge (Paris, 1947), p. 343. Back to text.
21 C. G. 2, 4 (1). Back to text.
22 C. G. 2, 3; similarly, C. G. 2, 2 at the end. Back to text.
23 Cf. Chenu, Introduction, p. 36. Back to text.
24 Ibid., p. 6. Back to text.
25 Ibid., pp. 108, 113. Back to text.
26 In Phys. 8, 2. Back to text.
27 I, i, 8 ad 2. Back to text.
28 Quol. 3, 31 ad 1. Back to text.
29I, i, 8 ad 2. Back to text.
30 Cf. on this Josef Pieper, Uber den Begriff der Tradition (Cologne-Opladen, 1958), pp. 24 ff. Back to text.
31 In Trin. 2, 3 ad 8. Back to text.
32 Chenu, Introduction, p. 177. Back to text.
33 In De caelo et mundo i, 22. Back to text.
34 Ibid. Back to text.
35 In Hexaemeron I, 3, 1, g (Quarracchi, 1934), p. 92. Back to text.
36 Resp. ad Mag. John, 42. Back to text.
37 De anima intellectiva, cap. 6. Back to text.
38 Etienne Gilson, Der Geist der mittelalalterlichen Philosophie (Vienna, 1950), p. 460. Back to text.
Chapter Five
1 Quol. 4, 18. Back to text.
2 Spir. creat. 10, obj. 8, ad 8. Back to text.
3 Thus Pico della Mirandola; cf. Grabmann, Mittelalterliches Geistesleben, II, p. 85. Similarly, Erasmus of Rotterdam (quoted in Chenu, Introduction, p. 43). Back to text.
4 Gilson, Geist der mittelalterlichen Philosophie, p. 459. Back to text.
5 Cf. I. T. Eschmann, “A catalogue of St. Thomas’s works,” in Gilson, Christian Philosophy, p. 407. Back to text.
6 In De caelo et mundo 2, 17; No, 451. Back to text.
7 In the Latin translation of Aristotle’s Metaphysics available to Thomas, for example, there is a phrase: hoc manifestum est—where the Greek text on the contrary says that it is not evident ȁδηλόυ έστυ; Metaphysics 7, 3; 1029a). Nevertheless, Thomas interprets this as if the Latin text also read: hoc non manifestum est (In Met. 7, 2; No. 1280.) Other examples of this sort in Chenu, Introduction, p. 187, Note 3. Back to text.
8 I, i, 6 ad 3; II, ii, 45, 2. Back to text.
9 Chenu, Introduction, p. 18. Back to text.
10 At the beginning of his elucidations of Aristotle’s Physics. Opera Omnia. Ed. A, Borgnet (Paris, 1890), torn. 3, 1 f. Back to text.
11 Cf. Seppelt, Kampf der Bettelorden, I, p. 208. Back to text.
12 Chenu, Introduction, pp. 18 f. Back to text.
13 Ibid., p. 17. Back to text.
14 Ibid., p. 15. Back to text.
15 Ibid., p. 16. Back to text.
16 Scheeben, Dominikus, p. 151. Back to text.
17Van Steenberghen, Le XIIIe siècle, p. 325. Back to text.
18 Die Entstehung der Universitäten des Mittelalters (Berlin, 1885), p. 46. Back to text.
19 On this point I cannot agree with Herbert Grundmann (Vom Ursprung der Universität im Mittelalter. Berichte fiber die Verhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig. Philosophisch-historische Klasse. Vol. 103, Heft 2 [Berlin, 1957], pp. 62 f.). Back to text.
Chapter Six
1 Chenu, Introduction, p. 22. Back to text.
2 More detail in Seppelt, Kampf der Bettelorden, and in Max Bierbaum, Bettelorden und Weltgeistlichkeit an der Universität Paris (Munster, 1920). Back to text.
3 Cf. Seppelt, Kampf der Bettelorden, Introduction. Back to text.
4 Contra impugn., No. 407. Back to text.
5 Ibid., No, 418. Back to text.
6 Determinationes quaestionum 1, 27 (Opera omnia 8, 355); quoted in Bierbaum, Bettelorden, p. 244. Back to text.
7 Seppelt, Kampf der Bettelorden, II, p. 82. Back to text.
8 Scheeben, Dominikus, p. 269. Back to text.
9 Ibid., p. 288. Back to text.
10 Seppelt, Kampf der Bettelorden, I, p. 209. Back to text.
11 Bierbaum, Bettelorden, p. 245. Back to text.
12 Seppelt, Kampf der Bettelorden, I, p. 209. Back to text.
13 Van Steenberghen, Le XIIIs siècle, pp, 289, 291. Back to text.
14 Seppelt, Kampf der Bettelorden, I, p. 216. Back to text.
15 Ibid., II, pp, 88 ff. Back to text.
16 The complete Latin text is to be found in Bierbaum, Bettelorden. Back to text.
17 Herbert Grundmann, Religiöse Bewegungen im Mittelalter (Berlin, 1935), p. 156, Back to text.
18 Quol. 5, 26. Back to text.
19 Contra retrah, 14, No. 833 (5). Back to text.
20 Ibid., 16; No. 854. Back to text.
Chapter Seven
1 Contra retrah. 16; No. 856. Back to text.
2 Ibid., final sentences. Back to text.
3 Un. int., at end. Back to text.
4 Contra impugn., No. 260 (2). Back to text.
5 Ibid., No. 260 (3). Back to text.
6 Ibid., No. 260 (6). Back to text.
7 Ibid., No. 260 (11). Back to text.
8 This has been done, for example, in Carl Prantl’s Geschichte der Logik im Abendlande, still considered a standard text More detail on this matter in Josef Pieper, Wahrheit der Dinge (3rd ed. Munich, 1957), pp. 35 f; pp. 122 f. Back to text.
9 Seventh letter, 341 c. Back to text.
10 Sophist es 263 e. Back to text.
11 Metaphysics 3, 1; 995 a. Back to text.
12 Topics 8, 11; 161 a. Back to text.
13 Martin Grabmann, Die Geschichte der scholastischen Methode (Freiburg im Breisgau 1909-11), II, p. 18. Back to text.
14 Metalogicus 3, 10. Back to text.
15 Quoted in Grabmann, Scholastische Methode, II, p. 20. Back to text.
16 Ibid., II, pp. 120 ff. Back to text.
17 Philosophie der Welt geschichte (Leipzig, 1923). IV, p. 859. Back to text.
18 Plato, Gorgias 449. Back to text.
19 Thomas von Aquin, p. 41; Einführung in die Summa theologiae des hl. Thomas von Aquin (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1919), pp. 53 ff. Back to text.
20I, II, 24, 3. Back to text.
21 Cf. also Ver. 26, 7 ad 1. Back to text.
22 Gilson, History, p. 325. Back to text.
23 Chenu, Introduction, p. 241. Back to text.
24 Ibid., p. 245. Pierre Mandonnet, “St. Thomas, createur de la dispute quodlibetique,” Revue des sciences philosophiques et theologiques, vols. 15-16 (1926-27). Back to text.
25 Chenu, Introduction, p. 291. Back to text.
26 Plato, Phaedo 91; 95. Back to text.
27 Quoted in Chenu, Introduction, p. 164. Back to text.
28 C. G. 1, 2. Back to text.
29 In Met. 12, 9; No. 2566. Back to text.
30 Augustine, Contra epistolam Manichaei quam vocant fundamenti, 2. Back to text.
31 John Henry Cardinal Newman, An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent (5th ed.; London: Burns & Oates, 1881), p. 162. Back to text.
32 William of Tocco, Vita, 5, 27. On St. Thomas’ polemical style cf. P. Glorieux, “Un maltre polemiste: Thomas d’Aquin,” Melanges de science religieuse, vol. 5 (Lille, 1948). Back to text.
33 C. G. 3,48. Back to text.
34 Per. vit. spir. 26; No. 734. Back to text.
35 Blätter und Steine (Hamburg, 1934), p. 226. Back to text.
36 Preface to the second edition of 1787 (edition of the Philosophische Bibliothek, ed. by R. Schmidt [Leipzig, 1930], p. 36). Back to text.
37 Grabmann, Scholastische Methode, II, pp. 349 ff, Back to text.
Chapter Eight
1 Chenu, Introduction, p. 175. Back to text.
2 Contra err. Graec, proemium; No. 1030. Back to text.
3 Cf. Franz Xaver Seppelt, Geschichte der Papste (2nd ed.; Munich, 1954 ff.), Ill, pp. 523 ff. Back to text.
4 III, 79, 5. Cf. also Josef Pieper, “Randbemerkungen zum Herrenmahl-Traktat der Summa theologica,” in Weistum, Dichtung, Sakrament (Munich, 1954), pp. 286 ff. Back to text.
5 C.G. 1, 2. Back to text.
6 William of Tocco, Vita, 8, 48. Back to text.
7 Cf. Josef Pieper, “Thomas von Aquin als Lehrer,” in Weistum, Dichtung, Sakrament. A section of the following pages is taken verbatim from this treatise. Back to text.
8 Grabmann has arranged his already cited Einführung in die Back to text.
Summa theologiae as an elucidation of this preface.
9 William of Tocco, Vita, 3, 15, Back to text.
10 Erich Przywara entitled a highly interesting essay (Stimmen der Zeit, Jahrgang 1925): “Thomas als Problematiker.” In his subsequently published collection of essays, Ringen der Gegenwart, this apparently somewhat offensive title was changed to a more neutral one: “Thomas von Aquin.” Back to text.
11 Chenu, Introduction, p. 81. Back to text.
12 Quol. 6, 19. Back to text.
13 Quol. 3, 27. Back to text.
14 Quol. 8, 13; 9, 15. Back to text.
15 Quol. 11, 12. Back to text.
16 Quol. 12, 20. Back to text.
17 Chenu, Introduction, p. 254. Back to text.
18 C. G. 1, 2. Back to text.
19 Cf. Chenu, Introduction, p. 273. Back to text.
20 1 d. 14, 2, 2; cf. also 1 d. 2, divisio textus. Back to text.
Chapter Nine
1 Chenu, Introduction, p. 88. Back to text.
2 Hegel, Vorlesungen uber die Geschichte der Philosophie. Jubiläumsausgabe, ed. by H. Glockner (Stuttgart, 1928), vol. 19, p. 99. Back to text.
3 Ludwig Traube, Einleitung in die lateinische Philologie des Mittelalters (Munich, 1911), p. 44. Back to text.
4 Karl Vossler, Geist und Kultur in der Sprache (Heidelberg, 1925), p. 57. Back to text.
5 P. Lehmann, Erforschung des Mittelalters (Leipzig, 1941), p. 64. Back to text.
6 Ludwig Bieler, “Das Mittellatein als Sprachproblem.” Lexis (Heidegger Festschrift), vol. 2, p. 104. Back to text.
7 Ibid. Back to text.
8 Richard Meister, “Mittellatein als Traditionssprache.” In Liber Floridus (P. Lehmann Festschrift), (St. Ottilien, 1950). Back to text.
9 Christine Mohrmann, “Le dualisme de la Latinité médiévale.” Revue des Studes Latines, vol. 29 (Paris, 1951). Cf. also M. Hubert, “Quelques aspects du Latin philosophique aux XIIe et XIIIe siècles,” Revue des Études Latines, vol. 27 (Paris, 1949). Back to text.
10 Ibid., pp. 338-41. Back to text.
11 Ibid., p. 338. Back to text.
12 Ibid., p. 339. Back to text.
13 Ibid., p. 348. Back to text.
14 Chenu, Introduction, p. 90. Back to text.
15 Ibid., p. 97. Back to text.
16 Quoted ibid., p. 98. Back to text.
17 Seneca, Letters to Lucilius, 117, 5. Back to text.
18 Chenu, Introduction, p. 97. Back to text.
19 Augustine, Confessions, 10, 27. (The Confessions of St. Augustine. Translated by Edward B. Pusey, D.D. [New York: Pocket Books, Inc., 1951], pp. 195-96.) Back to text.
20 C. G. 2, 3. Back to text.
21 III, 64, 5 ad 2. Back to text.
22 F. A. Blanche, “Sur la Iangue technique de Saint Thomas d’Aquin.” Revue de Philosophie, vol. 30 (Paris, 1930). Back to text.
23 Ibid., p. 13 f. Back to text.
24 Ibid., p. 15 f. Back to text.
25 Ibid., p. 16 f. Back to text.
26 Ibid., p. 15. Back to text.
27 Alfons Hufnagel, Studien zur Entwicklung des thomistischen Erkenntnisbegriffes im Anschluss an das Correctorium “Quare” (Münster, 1935), p. 105. Back to text.
28 Chenu, Introduction, p. 102. Back to text.
29 Topics, 2, 2; 110a; quoted by Thomas, for example, in the first chapter of the Summa Against the Pagans. Back to text.
30 Blanche, “Langue technique,” p. 25. Back to text.
31 Ver. 4, 2. Back to text.
32 I, 4, 3 ad 4; 1d. 28, 2, 2. Back to text.
33 Goethe in a letter to Schiller dated July 9, 1796. Back to text.
34 In Hexaëmeron 22, 21 (Opera Omnia, 5, 440). Back to text.
35 Virt. card. 1 ad 10. Back to text.
36 Cf. Alois Dempf. Sacrum Iniperium (Munich, 1929), p. 303. Back to text.
37 Contra impugn., No. 531. Back to text.
38 13, 2. Back to text.
Chapter Ten
1 In John, 1, 5. Back to text.
2 Pot 5, 10 ad 5. Back to text.
3 II, II, 142, 1; 152, 2 ad 2; 153, 3 ad 3. Back to text.
4 I, II, 23, 1 ad 1; 23, 3; I, 81, 2. Back to text.
5 II, II, 23, 1 ad 1; 23, 3; I, 81, 2. Back to text.
6 I, 98, 2. Back to text.
7 New York: Pantheon, 1950. Back to text.
8 Ibid., p. 178. Back to text.
9 Ibid., p. 179. Back to text.
10 “If thy eye is single (simplex), the whole of thy body will be lit up.” Matthew 6, 22. Back to text.
11 C. G. 4, 58; similarly, III, 65. Back to text.
12 Cf. B. Altaner, Patrologie (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1955), p. Back to text.
419.
13 Van Steenberghen, Le XIIIe siècle, p. 275. Back to text.
14 Ibid., pp. 266, 272. Back to text.
15 Van Steenberghen has shown (ibid., pp. 278 ff.), with sound arguments, that this statement is inapplicable. The philosophy of Siger of Brabant, he says, might just as well be called Plotinic as Avicennistic or Thomistic or Averroistic. “Latin Averroism,” he points out, existed only in the imagination of Ernest Renan (p. 280). Back to text.
16 Gilson, History, p. 408. Back to text.
17 Ibid., p. 407. Back to text.
18 A. G. Little, The Platonic Heritage of Thomism (Dublin, 1949), p. 12. Back to text.
19 Cf. Gilson, History, p. 382. Back to text.
20 C. G. 3, 69. Back to text.
21 G. M. Manser, Das Wesen des Thomismus (3rd ed.; Freiburg, Switzerland, 1949), p. 213. Back to text.
22 In John 1, 17. Back to text.
23 C. G. 4, 56. Back to text.
Chapter Eleven
1 Cf. Josef Pieper, “Was heisst ‘christliches Abendland’?” In Überlieferung und Neubeginn (Ratingen, 1957). Also: Pieper, “Die Frage nach dem christlichen Abendland,” in Europa: Vermächtnis und Verpflichtung, ed. by Hansgeorg Loebel (Frankfurt, 1957). Back to text.
2 Christian Philosophy, p. 83. Back to text.
3 In Met. 9, 5; No. 1826. Back to text.
4 C. G., 1, 22. Back to text.
5 Gilson, History, p. 365. Back to text.
6 Aristotle, Metaphysics, 1948 a. Back to text.
7 Étienne Gilson, “Maimonide et la philosophic de l’Exode.” Mediaeval Studies, vol. 13 (Toronto, 1951). Back to text.
8 Jacques Maritain, “L’humanisme de St. Thomas d’Aquin.” Mediaeval Studies, vol. 3 (Toronto, 1941). Back to text.
9 Gilson, Christian Philosophy, p. 368. Cf. also on this subject Benolt Pruche, “Le thomisme, peut-il se présenter comme ‘philosophic existentielle’?” Revue philosophique de Louvain, tom. 48 (1950). Back to text.
10 Gilson, Christian Philosophy, pp. 48 ff. Back to text.
11 Augustine, Tractatus in Joannis Evangelium, 28, 8, 8-10; Migne, Patrologia Latina 35, 1678 f. Back to text.
12 De trinitate 7, 5, 10; Migne, Patrologia Latina, 42, 942. Back to text.
13 Gilson, Christian Philosophy, p. 93. Back to text.
14 I, 8, 1, Back to text.
15 Gilson, Christian Philosophy, p. 139, Back to text.
16 “Essentia dicitur secundum quod per earn et in ea ens habet esse.” De ente et essentia, cap. 1, 3. Back to text.
17 Comp. theol. 1, 68; No. 119. Back to text.
18 I, 8, 1. Back to text.
19 Ibid. Back to text.
20 C. G. 2, 22. Back to text.
21 Gilson, Christian Philosophy, p. 374 Back to text.
22 In Hebd. 3; No. 50. Back to text.
23 Gilson, Christian Philosophy, p. 374. Back to text.
24 Ibid., p. 8. Back to text.
25 Cf. J. de Guibert, Les doublets de St. Thomas d’Aquin. Leur etude methodique (Paris, 1926). Back to text.
26 I Sent, prolog. 1, 1 ad 1; 2 Sent, prolog. Back to text.
27 C. G., 2, 4. Back to text.
28 I, i, 1 ad 2. Back to text.
29 I, i, 1 ad 2. Back to text.
30 I, i, 3. Back to text.
31 Philebus 16 c. Back to text.
32 Gorgias 523 a; 527 a. Back to text.
33 II, ii, 2, 7 ad 3; 3 d. 25, 2, 2, 2 ad 3; Ver. 14, 11 ad 5. Back to text.
34 Cf. on this, Pieper, Über den Begriff der Tradition, pp. 29 ff. Back to text.
Chapter Twelve
1 “Philosophi . . . creatures considerant, secundum quod in propria natura consistunt.” 2 Sent, prolog.—“Philosophia determinat de existentibus secundum rationes a creaturis sumptas.” 1 Sent, prolog., 1 ad 1.—“ . . . creaturas secundum se considerat.” C. G. 2, 4. Back to text.
2 C. G. 1, 4. Back to text.
3 Timaeus 29-30. Back to text.
4 Nomoi 715 e. Back to text.
5 Philebus 30 d. Back to text.
6 Phaedo 63 c. Back to text.
7 Menon 81 f. Back to text.
8 C. G. 2, 4. Back to text.
9 Ver. 14, 9 ad 8. Back to text.
10 Contra impugn. 3, 5; No. 411. Back to text.
11 C. G. 2, 3. Back to text.
12 Briefwechsel mit dem Grafen Yorck von Wartenburg (Halle, 1923), p. 39. Back to text.
13 Gilson, Christian Philosophy, p. 94. Back to text.
14 Ibid., p. 443. Back to text.
15 Martin Grabmann, Theologische Erkenntnis—und Einleitungslehre des heiligen Thomas von Aquin (Freiburg, Switzerland, 1948), p. 183. Back to text.
16 Metaphysics 1, 2; 982 a 18. Back to text.
17 In Met. 1, 2; No. 42. Back to text.
18 I, i, 5, sed contra. Back to text.
19 Cf. Grabmann, Theologische Erkenntnislehre, p. 183. Back to text.
20 Cf. C. G. 2, 4. Back to text.
21 Contra impugn. 3, 4; No. 400. Back to text.
22 Ibid., 3, 4; No. 399. Back to text.
23 Cf. Vatican Council, Constitutio de fide catholica, cap. 4 (Denzinger No. 1796). Also: M. J. Scheeben, Die Mysterien des Christentums, ed. by J. Hofer (Freiburg in Breisgau, 1941), pp. 8 f. Back to text.
24 Oxford University Sermons 4 (June 1, 1841). Back to text.
25 Friedrich von Huegel, Andacht zur Wirklichkeit. Schriften in Auswahl; ed. by M. Schlüter-Hermkes (Munich, 1952), pp. 223, 225. Back to text.
26 “. . . Utitur.” 1 Sent., prolog. 1, 1.—“. . . supponit.” In Trin. 2, 3. Back to text.
27 Phänomenologie des Geistes, Vorrede. Ed. by J. Hoffmeister Back to text.
(Hamburg, 1952), p. 12.
28 Chenu, Introduction, p. 158. Back to text.
29 Ayme Forest in his review of Geiger’s book, La participation dans la philosophie de St. Thomas d’Aquin. Revue des sciences philosophiques et theologiques, vol. 30 (194142), p. 471. Back to text.
30 I, 3, prolog. Back to text.
31 Pot. 7, 5 ad 14. Back to text.
32 In Hebd. 2; No. 23. Back to text.
33 Ver. 10, 1.. Back to text.
34 Cf. Josef Pieper, “The Negative Element in the Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas,” in The Silence of St. Thomas (New York: Pantheon, 1957). Back to text.