EPILOGUE
EPILOGUE Until this moment I have been presenting proofs that the Gospel of Barnabas is a false Gospel: proofs which are the same for a Muslim or a Christian and have nothing: to do with the religious content. Naturally, I hope that these 40 or 50 reasons and proofs will convince all that this document cannot be the true injil, the true Gospel of Christ, and is useless in Muslim-Christian discussions.
Now I wish to present three serious and tremendous difficulties, difficulties which make it almost impossible for any
Christian to take the Gospel of Barnabas seriously, even without the above findings. These three reasons are:
1. The lack of any mention of John the Baptist, called Yahya Ibn Zakartya in the Qur'an.
2. The statement that Jewish sacrifices did not come from God even though almost every one of the New Testament writers mentions them for a total of hundreds of times
- and the Qur'an mentions them at least three times.
3. The fact that pseudo-Barnabas calls himself one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus, and Thomas is omitted from the list'of apostles - a statement which disagrees with all four of the Gospel writers.
No Mention of John the Baptist Yahy4 Ibn Zakarfya Yahya Ibn Zakartya is mentioned five times in the Qur'an. The first passage is found in the Sura Al-Anbiy@'(The Prophets) 21:89-90, from the middle Meccan period, where he is praised by God, along with his father Zakarfya and his mother, for their good works and their reverence. The second passage in the Sura Al-An'@m (The Cattle) 6:85, from the late
'Meccan period, mentions him along with Jesus as being "in the ranks of the righteous". Thirdly in the Sura Maryam (Mary)
19:1-15, 7 AH, Yahya is mentioned twice.
In the second reference he is commanded, "O Yahya! take hold of the Book® °6"TPhe Book" must refer to the Torah and the Zabur as being available to him without having been changed.
Epilogue with might" and he is described as having wisdom even as a youth and piety and purity.
The last passage which mentions Sidna Yahya is found in the Sura Ali-'Imran (The Family of Imran) 3:38-41,45 from 2 or 3 AH. This is a. very important passage and we must consider it at some length because it says quite clearly that Yahya was a prophet and prophesied that Jesus would come.
Verse 39 reads, While he (Zakartya) was standing in prayer in the chamber, the angels called upon him, 'God gives thee glad tidings of Yahy4, witnessing the truth of a word from God, and (Yahya will be) noble, chaste, and a prophet of the company of the righteous.'
And then in verse 45 we read about this word:
Behold the angels said, 'O Mary! God giveth thee glad tidings of a Word from Him: his name will be the Messiah, Jesus the son of Mary, held in honour in this world and in the Hereafter, and of those nearest to God.'
There is no doubt here that Yahya is to come witnessing the truth of a Word from God (aLwige 2 AKG baee) whose name will be Christ Jesus, the son of Mary. 'And this account agrees in all major details with the account of Yahy4's birth in the Gospel of Jesus Christ according to Luke, Chapter 1.
To show the importance of Yahya in relation to Jesus in another way, we find that Yahya is mentioned in three of the 11 Suras where Jesus is mentioned. This represents 27 percent of the time.
According to the Gospel as we have it in Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, there was a man sent from God named
John the Baptist (Yahya). He preached repentance and as a sign of this repentance he had the people stoop down and cover themselves with the waters of the Jordan river. This was a sign of leaving their sins and turning to God and was called baptism. From this sign he was called John the Baptist. He did no miracles but he prophesied many times that Jesus, the Word of God, would come and baptize with the Holy Spirit. His great importance in the Gospel can be understood by the fact that in the Canonical Gospels plus the Acts of the Apostles,
John the Baptist is mentioned 92 times, in 32 out of 117
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chapters where Jesus is mentioned. This is also 27 percent of the time just like the Qur'an.
He is also mentioned in secular history by the Jewish historian Josephus who wrote around 90 AD. In his long work called the Antiquities of the Jews we read:
Now, some of the Jews thought that the destruction of Herod's army came from God and that very justly, as a punishment for what he did against John, that was called the Baptist. For Herod slew him, who was a good man and commanded the Jews to exercise virtue, both as to righteousness towards one another, and piety towards God, and so to come to baptism.
Herod, who feared lest the great influence John had over the people might put it into his power and inclination to raise rebellion, thought it best, by putting him to death, to prevent any mischief he might cause.
It may be questioned however what this has to do with anything. To leave a person out has no meaning at all. And with that response I certainly agree. But when we look at the text of the pseudo-Gospel of Barnabas and compare it with the text of the Canonical Gospels, we discover that although John the Baptist (Yahya) is not mentioned, he wasn't left out at all because his words are still there. Only this time they are placed in the mouth of Jesus who is made to say exactly the same words about Muhammad.
Let us look at the following comparisons:
Gospel According to Luke, Chapter 3, verses 8 and 9 Gospel of Barnabas Chapter
| - John said, "Produce fruit in Jesus says to his disciples, "go through all the region... preaching penitence: because the axe is laid nigh unto the tree, to cut it down." keeping with repentance The ax is already at the root of the trees, and every tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down."
The Italian text for the following passage from the >'Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book xviii, Chap. 5.
Epilogue pseudo-Gospel of Barnabas is found in the photograph of page 44r seen in Figure 9.
Gospel of Barnabas, Chapter
Gospel According to John, ° Chapter 1, verses 19 to 30 They (the priests) sent the levites and some of the scribes to question him, saying: "Who are thou?" Jesus confessed and said the truth:
"'m not the Messiah."* Now this was John's testimony when the Jews of Jerusalem sent priests and levites to ask him who he was.
He ... confessed freely, "I am not the Christ."* They said: "Art thou Elijah or Jeremiah, They asked him, "Then who are you? Are you Elijah?"
He said, "I am not."
"Are you the Prophet?" or any of the _ ancient prophets?
He (John) answered,'No".
Jesus answered: "No".
Finally they said, "Who are you? Give us an answer to Then said they:
"Who art thou? Say, in order that we take back to those who sent us. What do you say about yourself?" may give testimony to those who sent us."
Then said Jesus:
"I am a voice that cries through all Judea, and cries: 'Prepare ye the way for the messenger of the Lord,; even as it is written in Isaiah".
John replied in the words of Isaiah the prophet, "I am the voice of one calling in the desert, 'Make straight the way for the Lord."
Now some Pharisees who had been sent questioned him, "Why then do you baptize if you are not the Christ,* nor They said: "If thou be not the Messiah* nor Elijah, or any prophet, wherefore dost thou preach new doctrine, and make thyself of more value than the Messiah*?"
Elijah, nor the prophet?"
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"I baptize with water," John replied, "but among you stands one you do not know.
He is the one who comes after me, the thongs of whose sandals I am not worthy to untie..." The next day John saw Jesus coming toward him and said, "Behold the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world! This is the one I meant when I said, A man who comes after me has surpassed me because he was before me."
Jesus answered:
"The miracles which God worketh by my hands show that I speak that which God wills; nor indeed do I make myself to be accounted as him of whom ye speak. For I am not worthy to unloose the ties of the hosen or the latchets of the shoes of the Messenger of God whom ye call 'Messiah,' who was made before me, and shall come after me...
(* Here the Greek "Christ" clearly equals the Italian "mesia" or "messia" which can be seen in lines 3 and 12 of Figure 9.)
We see from these comparisons that not only has the author of Barnabas contradicted the Qur'an in calling Muhammad the Messiah, but he has copied the Canonical
Gospels practically word for word. The only change he has made is to place the words of John the Baptist in the mouth of Jesus, making Jesus call Muhammad the Messiah; and eliminating Yahya from the book entirely.
Eliminating Yahya may seem a small thing to a Muslim for it would only change five verses in the Qur'an. But omitting the greater part of four chapters and changing 28 others in the Canonical Gospel is a very large change. It surely can not be expected that Christians should eliminate the great Yahya on _the basis of one witness who has shown himself false 50 times in other areas, and also contradicts the Qur'an.
Barnabas Denies that God Ordered Burnt Sacrifices in the Torah which He Gave to _ Moses In Chapter 32 of the Gospel of Barnabas Jesus is talking with the scribes and is made to say to them,
Epilogue And I ask you, for what cause have you annulled the precept of God to observe your traditions? You say to the sons of poor ee Offer and make vows unto the temple.
The author declares clearly that offerings are not a precept or commandment of God. They are only by tradition.
Then in Chapters 66 and 67 Jesus is made to make the following statements:
Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees: woe unto you, priests and Levites,.. For you say unto (those who come to sacrifice): 'Bring of your sheep and bulls and lambs to the temple of your God, and eat not all, but give a share to your God (as a burnt offering) of that which he hath given you.'
Here even the priests and Levites, the official religious leaders ordained by God in the Torah, are rebuked for teaching people to offer sacrifices. The reason given by the author of Barnabas is that God does not need meat to eat. This is true, of course.
God revealed it by the Holy Spirit in the Zabur (Psalms). In Psalm 50:7-15 from 1000 BC God says, Hear, O my people, and I will speak; O Israel, and I will testify against you. I am God, your God! I do not rebuke you for your sacrifices or your burnt offerings, which are ever before me. I have no need of a bull from your stall or of goats from your pens, for every animal of the forest is mine, and the cattle on a thousand hills.
I know every bird in the mountains, and the creatures of the field are mine.
If I were hungry I would not tell you for the world is mine, and all that is in it. Do I eat the flesh of bulls or drink the blood of goats? Sacrifice thank offerings to God, fulfill your vows to the Most High, and call upon me in the day of trouble; I will deliver you, and you will honor me.
In other words God is saying, "I don't eat food from you or need your sacrifices as food, but I have commanded you to sacrifice. Now sacrifice with a pure heart."
Is not God all-powerful and all-knowing? Does he not have the right to order what he wishes? To say that he has no right to order some of the meat of the sacrifice to be burnt by
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the Jews as a "sweet-savour" rising to him is also to say that he has no right to order the thousands of uneaten camels, bulls and sheep offered to him now in the present by Muslims at Mecca during the Hajj on Aid-el-Kabir.
In addition, the present practice of offering a sacrifice to deal with ceremonial sin at Mecca would be wrong.
If someone makes an error during pilgrimage, wears the wrong kind of clothes, for example, this would nullify the pilgrimage.
In order to "cover it", "pay for it", "atone for it', according to the Sura Al-Bagara (The Heifer) 2:196, 2-8 AH, he must give a ransom (fidya 42i3 ) and one of his alternatives is to offer a sacrifice (nusuk 225). This happened to a friend of mine. He and seven other men went together to buy a bull to cover, (pay for?, atone for?) their ceremonial sins made during the Hajj.
The important thing, though, for Muslim readers is to know what the Qur'an says about burnt offerings in relation to the Torah of Moses. Did God order the Jewish believers to offer sacrifices or not? In the Sura Al-M@'ida (The Table) 5:30, from 10 AH, it says about Cain and Able:
Recite to them the truth of the story of the two sons of Adam. Behold! they each presented a sacrifice
(qurban Gah pon, ) (to God): It was accepted from one, but not from the other.
This agrees exactly with what was revealed to Moses in Genesis 4:1-4 of the Torah where it says that "Abel brought fat portions from some of the firstborn of his flock". Al Beidawi and Jallalo'ddin add further details not found in the Qur'an saying that God declared his acceptance of Abel's sacrifice in a visible manner, by causing fire to descend from heaven to consume it, without touching that of Cain.>® Next we read in the Sura Ali-'Imran (The Family of Imran) 3:183, from 2 or 3 AH, these words:
They said: 'God took our promise not to believe in an apostle unless he showed us a sacrifice (gurban oh5sd) consumed by fire (from heaven).' Say,
'There came to you apostles before me with clear signs and even with what you ask for. Why then did you slay them, if you speak the truth?'
8 George Sale, The Koran, op. cit. note o on p. 77.
Epilogue This refers clearly to Elijah. The account of his great victory is found in 1 Kings 18:16-45. Elijah challenged the priests of the idol Baal to a contest. The priests of Baal were to cup up a bull and place it on an altar, and Elijah would do the same. The God who answered with fire from heaven would thus show himself to be the true God. Elijah even wet his sacrifices three times with jars of water. Then he prayed and the Lord God of Israel answered with fire consuming the meat, wood, and all of the water.
This great victory is also mentioned in the Sura AlSaffat. (The Ranks) 37:123-128, from the early Meccan period where we read:
So also was Elias (Elijah) among those sent (by us).
'Behold', he said to his people, 'Will you not fear God?
Will you call upon Baal and forsake the best of creators - God, your Lord and cherisher of your fathers of old?' But they rejected him, and they will certainly be called up (for punishment), except the sincere and devoted servants of God.
Finally we find in the Sura Al-Bagara (The Heifer) 2:67-72, from 2 AH, the following words:
And remember Moses said to his people: 'God commands that you sacrifice a heifer.' They said, 'Do you make a laughing-stock of us?'
He said, 'God save me from being an ignorant fool!'... (then after they ask several foolish questions because they do not want to obey, the passage continues)... They said: 'Now you have brought the truth." Then they offered her in sacrifice, but not with good-will.
Here it says in perfect clarity that God commanded the people through Moses to offer a certain sacrifice. The story told in these verses agrees with the command to sacrifice found in the Torah of Moses, Numbers 19:1-10.
From all these Qur'anic quotations we see clearly that sacrifices were commanded by God. And again we find the Gospel of Barnabas contradicting both the Bible and the Qur'an.
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Sacrifice in the Old Testament This contradiction may not seem very important to a Muslim, but for Christians (and for Jews) it is a terrible contradiction. It means that 57, or almost one third, of the 187 chapters in the Torah of Moses, are in error. It means that 10 percent of the Zabur (Psalms) of David is wrong. In total, 23 out of the 39 books of the Jews mention peace offerings, or sin offerings, or trespass offerings. We can not believe that they are all wrong. That is almost 2/3 of the Old Testament.
Sacrifice in the New Testament In the Christian New Testament sacrifices are mentioned or implied many times in all four of the canonical
Gospels and in 9 of the 23 books given by revelation to Jesus' disciples. This represents 48% of the Christian New Testament.
In Luke 2:22-24 we read that after Jesus' birth, Joseph and Mary took him to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord..: and to offer a sacrifice in keeping with what is said in the Law of the Lord: 'a pair of doves or two young pigcons.'
In Luke 5:12-15 where we read about Jesus healing the man with leprosy, Jesus says to the healed man,
Don't tell anyone, but go, show yourself to the priest and offer 'the sacrifices that Moses commanded for your cleansing, as a testimony to them.
In summary sacrifices and offerings are mentioned in almost two thirds of the Old Testament and nearly half of the NT. Surely Muslims do not expect Christians to abandon the good news that Jesus opened Paradise to all by dying as a sacrifice for our sins on the basis of a book which is full of historical errors and even contradicts the Qur'an.
Barnabas Claims to be One of the Twelve Disciples Who Knew Jesus Personally According to the Gospel of Jesus Christ as recorded by
Epilogue Matthew, Mark, and Luke, Jesus chose 12 disciples for special training. Matthew, a tax collector, was called right out of the tax office. Matthew 9:9 says, As Jesus went on from there, he saw a man named
Matthew sitting at the tax collector's booth. 'Follow me,' he told him, and Matthew got up and followed him.
On another occasion, As Jesus walked beside the Sea of Galilee, he saw Simon (Peter) and his brother Andrew casting a net, for they were fishermen. 'Come follow me,' Jesus said, 'and I will make you fishers of men.' At once they left their nets and followed him. (Mark 1:1618) These and nine other men left everything and followed Jesus for a period of three or four years, living with him and learning the Gospel. And with this the Qur'an agrees for we read in the Sura Al Saff (The Battle Array) 61:14, from AH 3,
As said Jesus the son of Mary to the Disciples (© $4198! ), 'who will be my helpers to the work of God?' The Disciples said, 'we are God's helpers!'...
But We (God) gave power to those who believed against their enemies, and they became the ones that prevailed.
Jesus chose these 12 special disciples early in his ministry, and sent them with the message of his Gospel. Since they were specially chosen messengers and specially sent by Jesus, Christians often talk about them as "The Twelve Apostles", because "apostle" means messenger in Greek. From this the reader can understand our Christian definition of the word "apostle". It is a man who saw and heard Jesus and was specially sent by Jesus as a messenger to preach the Gospel.
In three of the Gospels we find the names of these twelve disciples. Thousands of Christians knew these men and their names are as follows:
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Matthew 10:2-4 Mark 3:16-18 Luke 6:13-16 Peter Simon Peter Simon Peter Andrew Andrew Andrew Matthew Matthew Matthew John John John James James James Thaddaeus Thaddaeus Judas of James (a second name for Thaddaeus) Bartholomew Bartholomew Bartholomew Philip Philip Philip James of Alpheus James of James of Alpheus Alpheus Judas Iscariot Judas Iscariot Judas Iscariot Thomas Thomas Thomas Simon the Zealot Simon the Simon the Zealot Zealot If the reader were to look through the New Testament, he would find a great deal of information about some of these men. About others we know almost nothing except their names.
But one thing is very clear. The name of Barnabas is not on any of these lists.
The Twelve Apostles According to the Gospel of Barnabas When we look at the Gospel of Barnabas we find that the author claims to be an apostle. In the first lines of Chapter
1 we read:
Barnabas, Apostle of Jesus the Nazarene, called Christ, to all them that dwell upon the earth, desiring peace and consolation.
There is a Barnabas, a church leader and friend of Paul, mentioned many times in the New Testament book called the Acts of the Apostles. He was probably a second generation
Christian. "Second generation" refers to those Christians who believed through the testimony and preaching of the apostles.
They may or may not have know Jesus of Nazereth personally.
Epilogue In the Acts of the Apostles 4:36-37 we are told that this Barnabas was a Levite who came from Cyprus. He was the man who took Paul "and brought him to the Apostles" after Paul was converted (Acts 9:27). Some time later,
Barnabas went to Tarsus to look for Paul, and... brought him to Antioch, where for a whole year
Barnabas and Paul met with the church and taught great numbers of people. (Acts 11: 25-26)
Chapters 13 and 14 of Acts tell how Barnabas and Paul took a long journey to preach the good news of forgiveness of sin to the idol worshippers.
When we look again at Chapter 1 of the Gospel of Barnabas, we find that the author claims to be that very
Barnabas who knew Paul. He says, Dearly beloved...many, being deceived of Satan, under pretense of picty, are preaching most impious doctrine... repudiating the circumcision ordained of God for ever, and permitting every unclean meat: among whom Paul has been deceived, whereof I speak not without grief; for which cause I am writing the truth which I have seen and heard in the intercourse that I have had with Jesus.
Perhaps he is using the word "apostle" with another meaning?
Perhaps he only means that he heard Jesus' preaching and saw his miracles?
But, no, he claims to be one of the twelve closest disciples. In Chapter 14 he also has a list of the Twelve. It reads as follows:
Andrew, Peter, Barnabas, Matthew, John, James, Thaddaeus, Judas, Bartholomew, Philip, James, and Judas Iscariot.
Pseudo-Barnabas has included himself. as one of the Twelve Apostles. But there are other changes. Let us look at the four lists together.
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Matthew Mark 3:16-18 Luke 6:13-16 Barnabas 14 10:2-4 Peter Simon Peter Simon Peter'
Peter Andrew Andrew Andrew Andrew — --s-Barnabas Matthew Matthew Matthew Matthew John John John John James James James James Thaddaeus Thaddaeus Judas of James Thaddaeus (a second name for Thaddaeus) =a --- Judas Bartholomew Bartholomew Bartholomew Bartholomew Philip Philip Philip Philip James of James of James of James Alpheus Alpheus Alpheus Judas 'Judas Jusas Judas Iscariot Iscariot Iscariot Iscariot Thomas Thomas Thomas --Simon the Simon the Simon the --Zealot Zealot Zealot What do we find? Not only has Barnabas been added, but "Thaddaeus" and his second name "Judas" have become two different apostles. Finally, two men whom we thought for 1900 years were apostles, are not found on the list. The names of Simon the Zealot and Thomas are completely missing. This is a mistake of the same order as giving a list of the 10 most distinguished followers of Muhammad, "the ten who received glad tidings", and missing out the name of Abu Bakr.
We may not know much about Simon the Zealot, but Thomas was a very important person. He travelled as far as India to preach the Gospel. To this day there is a church group in that country named for him, called Mar Toma. The most important thing though is his testimony to the resurrection of Jesus from the dead. According to John 20:25, when Thomas was told by the other disciples that Jesus had risen, he said,
Unless I see the nail marks in his hands and put my finger where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe it.
Epilogue The next week, the risen Jesus appeared to him and rebuked him for his unbelief. It is from this happening that the phrase
"doubting Thomas" has entered into English and most of the other languages spoken by Christians.
His doubt and subsequent acceptance of Jesus as Saviour and Lord has been a strong proof to Christians, then and now, of the truth of the Gospel. So what is to be done?
The answer was simple for pseudo-Barnabas. He left him out.
In summary we can say that if you compare the pseudo-Gospel of Barnabas with the Canonical Gospels, you find long passages where the two are identical. But any passage which does not agree with the doctrines of Islam, as understood by the author of Barnabas has either been changed or eliminated. Since John the Baptist prophesied that Jesus was to be the Saviour of the world from sin, he was eliminated.
Since Mosaic sacrifices for sin were a type of Jesus' death for our sins, it is claimed that God did not order them. Since
Thomas is a strong witness to the resurrection of Jesus from the dead, he was left out.
Conclusion to the Epilogue A Fantasy I ask my Muslim readers to imagine their reaction to the following idea. Someone comes to you now in the 20th century with a book which has never been mentioned before a book which claims to be the true original Qur'an assembled by Zaid Ibn Thabit during the first century of the Hejira. It has a preface which mentions disagreements between Omar and Ali, the prophet's son-in-law, and claims to have been hidden until a future time when it will be revealed to correct the present Qur'an.
You begin to read and arrive at the Sura Al-A'r@f (The Heights) 7:158, from the late Meccan period. There you find the following words:
So believe in God and His Apostle, the unlettered Prophet who believes in God and his Words: follow him that ye may be guided toward the light that
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will come.>"
Next you are reading in the Sura Al-Tahrim (The Forbidding) 66:8, from 7 AH, and it says:
The day that God will not permit to be humiliated the prophet and those who believe with him, nor the prophet of light who will follow him.
Their light will run forward before them.
Another day you are reading the famous verse about the seal of the prophets from the Sura Al-Ahz@b (The Confederates) 33:40, from 5-7 AH. There you find the following words:
Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Apostle of God and the Seal of the prophets and the revealer of the Arm of light who will come in the future. And surely the arm which stamps the seal is greater than the seal. And God has full knowledge of all things.
Another day as you near the end of the Qur'an, you find a new Sura called the Sura Al-'Ashara Al-Mubashsharftn
( 633-3 f22i/ (The Ten who Received Glad Tidings). It is stated to be a Meccan Sura. As you read this Sura of which you have never heard, you find a list of the ten most distinguished followers of Muhammad (from which the Sura obviously got its name), men who were promised the "glad tidings" of certain entrance into paradise. You read through the names: Omar ben Khattab, Othman ben Affane, Ali ben Abi
Taleb, etc. to the end. Suddenly you say to yourself, "Wait a minute! Where is the name of Abu Bakr Sadiq? This is impossible!
He was the most important of all!" You read the list again and there is the name Agqba Ibn Nafia. "How could his name be there? you say to yourself, "This is ridiculous. He was the son of Omar's sister - a 'second generation' Muslim.
He was not one of the 'Ten who Received Glad Tidings'!
As you read a few lines farther, you find that Aqba Ibn Nafia is Let me emphasize that I am speaking of a fantasy. The boldfaced words are my creation, they are not part of the Qur'an.
Epilogue claiming that God told him to memorize all that he heard from Muhammad. Next to write it all down. And finally to keep it until a later date in order to correct all the mistakes that false people like Zaid, the Prophet's adopted son, put forth.
In addition to the boldfaced words and the new Sura (which were added by me of course) you find a reference to gunpowder being used in the Battle of Badr and a steam battering ram being used in the battle of Uhud. There are corrections written along the margins in Swedish and French and to top it all off there is one final absurdity. In one of the Suras the coolness of the rivers and streams in heaven is compared to the coolness one experiences when he has an iced
Coca-Cola on a hot summer day.
Now what would Muslim readers say to this fantasy?
They will say, with great feelings of resentment, This is a lie!
This is terrible! How could an honest intelligent person believe such a thing? There is no record of this book before the 20th century! No Muslim writer ever mentioned such a reading! It's a pseudo-Qur'an!
Not even a Christian or Jewish writer ever spoke of it!
And gunpowder? Gunpowder was brought to Europe by Marco Polo about 1300 AD (700 years after the Qur'an).
How could it have been used in the Battle of Badr? Or the steam battering ram in the Battle of Uhud. The steam engine was not invented by James Watt until about 1800 AD (1100 or 1200 years after the Qur'an was written) How could anyone believe this terrible lie? This forgery could not have been written before the 20th century when Coca-Cola was put on the market. This is a horrible, terrible, awful thing.
This, of course, is exactly how Christians feel when it is said that this pseudo-Gospel of Barnabas is the true Gospel.
How could an honest intelligent person believe such a thing?
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