commandments of men, that turn away from the a Eph. 5:23 evil of.

commandments of men, that turn away from the a Eph. 5:23 evil of.

titus 1:13 1256

13 This witness is true: wherefore convince them 1sharply, that they may be sound in the faith. 14 And not taking heed to dJewish fables and commandments of men, that turn away from the truth. 15 1Unto the pure eare all things pure, but unto them that are defiled, and unbelieving, is nothing pure, but even their 2minds and consciences are defiled. 16 They profess that they know God, but by works they deny him, and are abominable and disobedient, and unto every good work reprobate. 2 2 He setteth out the duties of sundry persons and states, 6 and willeth him to instruct the Church in manners. 11 He draweth an argument from the end of our redemption, 12 which is, that we live godly and uprightly.

8 And with the wholesome word, which cannot be condemned, that he which withstandeth, may be ashamed, having nothing concerning you to speak evil of. 9 b,1Let servants be subject to their masters, and please them in all 2things, not answering again, 10 Neither pickers, but that they show all good faithfulness, that they may adorn the doctrine of God our Savior in all things. 11 c,1For that grace of God, that bringeth salvation unto all men, hath appeared, 12 And teacheth us, that we should deny ungodliness and 1worldly lusts, and that we should live soberly and righteously, and godly in this present world, 13 1Looking for that blessed hope, and appearing of that glory of that mighty God, and of our Savior Jesus Christ. 14 Who gave himself for us, that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purge us to be a 1peculiar people unto himself, zealous of good works. 15 These things speak, and exhort, and convince with all 1authority. See that no man despise thee. 3 1 He willeth that all generally be put in mind to reverence such as be in authority: 3 That they remember their former life, and attribute all justification unto grace. 9 And if any brabbler withstand these things, 10 he willeth that he be rejected.

d 1 Tim. 1:4

e Rom. 14:20

chapter 2

a Eph. 5:23

b Eph. 6:5

Col. 3:22 1 Pet. 2:18

c 1 Cor. 1:2

Col. 1:22

chapter 3

a Rom. 15:1

1 Pet. 2:13

b 1 Cor. 6:11

1 But 1speak thou the things which become wholesome doctrine, 2 1That the elder men be watchful, grave, temperate, sound in the faith, in love, and in patience: 3 The elder women likewise, that they be in such behavior as becometh holiness, not false accusers, not subject to much wine, but teachers of honest things. 4 That they may instruct the young women to be sober minded, that they love their husbands, that they love their children, 5 That they be temperate, chaste, 1keeping at home, good and asubject unto their husbands, that the word of God be not evil spoken of. 6 Exhort young men likewise, that they be sober minded. 7 1In all things show thyself an example of good works with uncorrupt doctrine, with 2gravity, integrity,

1 Put 1them in remembrance that they abe subject to the principalities and powers, and that they be obedient, and ready to every good work. 2 That they speak evil of no man, that they be no fighters, but soft, showing all meekness unto all men. 3 b,1 For we ourselves also were in times past unwise, disobedient, deceived, serving the lusts and

1:13 1 Roughly and plainly, and go not about the bush with them. 1:15 1 He showeth in few words, that purity consisteth not in any external worship, and that that is according to the old Law, (as in difference of meats, and washing, and other such things which are abolished) but in the mind and conscience: and whosoever teach otherwise, know not what is true religion indeed, and also are noth­ ing less than that they would seem to be. 2 If our minds and conscience be unclean, what cleanness is there in us before regeneration? 2:1 1 The fifth admonition: The doctrine must not only be generally pure, but also be applied to all ages and orders of men, according to the diversity of circumstances. 2:2 1 What are the chiefest virtues for old and young, both men and women: and how they ought to be stirred up unto them continually. 2:5 1 No gadders up and down. 2:7 1 The sixth admonition: That both the Pastor's life and doctrine must be sound. 2 Not such a gravity as may drive men from coming to the minister, but such as may cause them to come in most reverent and honest sort. 2:9 1 The seventh admonition, of servants' duty toward their masters.

2 Which may be done without offense to God. 2:11 1 The eighth admonition belonging to all the godly, that seeing God calleth all men to the Gospel, and Christ hath so justified us, that he hath also sanctified us, we must all of us give ourselves to true godliness and righteousness, setting before us a sure hope of that immeasurable glory: which thing must in such sort be beaten into their heads, that the gainsayers also must be reproved, by the authority of the mighty God. 2:12 1 Lusts of the flesh, which belong to the present state of this life and world. 2:13 1 Christ is here most plainly called that mighty God, and his appearance and coming is called by the figure Metonymy, our hope. 2:14 1 As it were a thing peculiarly laid up for himself. 2:15 1 With all authority possible. 3:1 1 He declareth particularly and severally, that which he said before generally, noting out certain chief and principal duties, which men owe to men, and especially subjects to their magistrates. 3:3 1 He confirmeth again the former exhortation, by propound­ ing the free benefit of our regeneration, the pledge whereof is our Baptism.

1257 titus 3:15

divers pleasures, living in maliciousness and envy, hateful, and hating one another. 4 But when that bountifulness and that love of God our Savior toward man appeared, 5 cNot by the works of 1righteousness, which we had done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of the new birth, and the renewing of the 2holy Ghost, 6 Which he shed on us abundantly, through Jesus Christ our Savior, 7 That we, being justified by his grace, should be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life. 8 1This is a true saying, and these things I will thou shouldest affirm, that they which have believed God, might be careful to show forth 2good works. These things are good and profitable unto men. 9 dBut stay foolish questions, and genealogies, and contentions, and brawlings about the Law: for

they are unprofitable and vain. 10 1Reject him that is an heretic, after once or twice admonition, 11 Knowing that he that is such, is perverted, and sinneth, being damned of his own self. 12 1When I shall send Artemas unto thee, or Tychicus, be diligent to come to me unto Nicopolis: for I have determined there to winter. 13 Bring Zenas the expounder of the Law, and Apollos on their journey diligently, that they lack nothing. 14 And let ours also learn to show forth good works for necessary uses, that they be not unfruitful. 15 All that are with me, salute thee. Greet them that love us in the faith. Grace be with you all. Amen.

c 2 Tim. 1:9

d 1 Tim. 1:4

1 Tim. 4:7 2 Tim. 2:23

¶ To Titus, elect the first Bishop of the Church

of the Cretans, written from Nicopolis in

Macedonia.

3:5 1 Word for word, of works which are done in righteousness: and this place doth fully refute the doctrine of merits. 2 Which the virtue of the holy Ghost worketh. 3:8 1 Again with great earnestness he beateth into our heads, how that we ought to give ourselves, to true godliness, and eschew all vain questions, which serve to nothing but to move strife and debate.

2 Give themselves earnestly unto good works. 3:10 1 The ministers of the word must at once cast off heretics, that is, such as stubbornly and seditiously disquiet the Church, and will give no ear to Ecclesiastical admonitions. 3:12 1 Least of all, he writeth a word or two of private matters and commendeth certain men.

T h e e p i s t l e o f

pa u l T o p h i l e m o n

1 Paul handling a base and small matter, yet according to his manner mounteth aloft unto God. 8 Sending again to Philemon his vagabond and thievish servant, he entreateth pardon for him, and very gravely preacheth of Christian equity.

him, that is mine own 1bowels, 13 Whom I would have received with me, that in thy stead he might have ministered unto me in the bonds of the Gospel. 14 But without thy mind would I do nothing, that thy benefit should not be as it were of 1necessity, but willingly. 15 It may be that he therefore 1departed for 2a season, that thou shouldest receive him forever, 16 Not now as a servant, but above a servant, even as a brother beloved, specially to me: how much more then unto thee, both in the 1flesh and in the Lord? 17 If therefore thou count our things common, receive him as myself. 18 If he hath hurt thee, or oweth thee ought, that put on my accounts. 19 I Paul have written this with mine own hand: I will recompense it, albeit I do not say to thee, that thou owest moreover unto me even thine own self. 20 1Yea, brother, let me obtain this pleasure of thee in the Lord: comfort my bowels in the Lord. 21 Trusting in thine obedience, I wrote unto thee knowing that thou wilt do even more than I say, 22 Moreover also prepare me lodging: for I trust through your prayers I shall be freely given unto you. 23 There salute thee Epaphras my fellow prisoner in Christ Jesus, 24 Mark, Aristarchus, Demas and Luke, my fellow helpers. 25 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit, Amen.

chapter 1

a 1 Thess. 1:2

2 Thess. 1:3

b Col. 4:9

1 Paul a prisoner of Jesus Christ, and our brother Timothy, unto Philemon our dear friend, and fellow helper, 2 And to our dear sister Apphia, and to Archippus our fellow soldier, and to the Church that is in thine house: 3 Grace be with you, and peace from God our Father, and from the Lord Jesus Christ. 4 I agive thanks to my God, making mention always of thee in my prayers, 5 (When I hear of thy love and faith, which thou hast toward the Lord Jesus, and toward all Saints.) 6 That the 1fellowship of thy faith may be made effectual, and that whatsoever good thing is in you through Christ Jesus, may be 2known. 7 For we have great joy and consolation in thy love, because by thee, brother, the Saints 1bowels are comforted. 8 Wherefore, though I be very bold in Christ to command thee that which is convenient, 9 1Yet for love's sake I rather beseech thee, though I be as I am, even Paul aged, and even now a prisoner for Jesus Christ. 10 I beseech thee for my son bOnesimus, whom I have begotten in my bonds, 11 Which in times past was to thee unprofitable, but now profitable both to thee and to me. 12 Whom I have sent again: thou therefore receive

¶ Written from Rome to Philemon, and

sent by Onesimus a servant.

1:6 1 By fellowship of faith, he meaneth those duties of charity which are bestowed upon the Saints, and flow forth of an effectual faith. 2 That by this means all men may perceive how rich you are in Christ, to wit, in faith, charity, and all bountifulness. 1:7 1 Because thou didst so dutifully and cheerfully refresh the Saints, that they conceived inwardly a marvelous joy: for by this word (Bow­ els) is meant not only the inward feeling of wants and miseries that men have one of another's state, but also that joy and comfort which entereth into the very bowels, as though the heart were refreshed and comforted. 1:9 1 An example of a Christian exercise and commendation for

another man. 1:12 1 As mine own son, and as if I had begotten him of mine own body. 1:14 1 That thou mightest not seem to have lent me thy servant upon constraint, but willingly. 1:15 1 Thus he assuageth the harder kind of speech, which is to say, he ran away. 2 For a little time. 1:16 1 Because he is thy servant, as other servants are, and because he is the Lord's servant, so that thou must needs love him both for the Lord's sake, and for thine own sake. 1:20 1 Good brother let me obtain this benefit at thine hand.

T h e e p i s t l e T o t h e

h e b r e w s

time, bThou art my Son, 2this day begat I thee? and again, I cwill be his Father, and he shall be my Son: 6 And 1again, when he bringeth in his first begotten Son into the world, he saith, dAnd let all the Angels of God worship him. 7 And of the Angels he saith, eHe maketh the spirits his 1messengers, and his ministers a flame 2of fire. 8 But unto the Son he saith, fO God, thy 1throne is forever 2and ever: the scepter of thy kingdom is a 3scepter of righteousness. 9 Thou hast loved righteousness and 1hated iniquity. Wherefore God, even thy God, hath 2anointed thee with the oil of gladness, above thy 3fellows. 10 And, gThou, Lord, in the beginning hast 1established the earth, and the heavens are the works of thine hands. 11 They shall perish, but thou dost remain, and they all shall wax old as doth a garment, 12 And as a vesture shalt thou fold them up, and they shall be changed: but thou art the same, and thy years shall not fail. 13 Unto which also of the Angels said he at any

The drift and end of this Epistle, is to show that Jesus Christ the Son of God both God and man, is that true eternal and only Prophet, King, and high Priest, that was shadowed by the figures of the old Law, and is now indeed exhibited: of whom the whole Church ought to be taught, governed and sanctified.

chapter 1

a Col. 1:15

b Ps. 2:7 Heb. 5:5

c 2 Sam. 7:14

d Ps. 97:7

e Ps. 104:4

1 2 To show that the doctrine which Christ brought, is most excellent, in that it is the knitting up of all prophecies, 4 he advanceth him above the Angels: 10 And proveth by divers testimonies of the Scripture, that he far passeth all others.

f Ps. 55:7

g Ps. 102:25

1 At 1sundry times and in divers manners God spake in the old time to our fathers by the Prophets: in these 2last days he hath spoken unto us by his 3Son, 2 1Whom he hath made 2heir of all things, by whom also he made the 3worlds, 3 aWho being the 1brightness of the glory, and the engraved form of his 2person, and 3bearing up all things by his mighty word: 4hath by himself purged our sins: and 5sitteth at the right hand of the Majesty in the highest places, 4 1And is made so much more excellent than the Angels, inasmuch as he hath obtained a more excellent 2Name than they. 5 1For unto which of the Angels said he at any

1:1 1 The first part of the general proposition of this Epistle: the Son of God is indeed that Prophet or teacher, which hath actually now performed that that God after a sort and in shadows signi­ fied by his Prophets, and hath fully opened his Father's will to the world. 2 So that the former declaration made by the Prophets was not full, and nothing must be added to this latter. 3 Which one Son is God and man. 1:2 1 The second part of the same proposition: The same Son is appointed by the Father to be our King and Lord, by whom also he made all things, and in whom only he setteth forth his glory, yea and himself also to be beholden of us, who beareth up and sustaineth all things by his will and pleasure. 2 Possessor and equal compartner of all things with the Father. 3 That is, whatsoever hath been at any time, is, or shall be. 1:3 1 He in whom that glory and Majesty of the Father shineth, who is otherwise infinite, and cannot be beholden. 2 His father's person. 3 Sustaineth, defendeth and cherisheth. 4 The third part of the same proposition. The same Son executed the office of the high Priest in offering up himself, and is our only and most mighty Mediator in heaven. 5 This showeth that the savor of that his sacrifice is not only most acceptable to the Father, but also is everlasting, and furthermore how far this high Priest passeth all the other high Priests.

1:4 1 Before he cometh to declare the office of Christ, he setteth forth the excellency of his person, and first of all he showeth him so to be man, that therewithal he is God also. 2 Dignity and honor. 1:5 1 He proveth and confirmeth the dignity of Christ manifested in the flesh by these six evident testimonies, whereby it appeareth that he far passeth all Angels, insomuch that he is called both Son, and God, in verses 5, 6, 7, 10, 13. 2 The Father begat the Son from everlasting, but that everlasting generation was made manifest and represented to the world in his time, and therefore he addeth this word (Today.) 1:6 1 The Lord was not content to have spoken it once, but repeat­ eth it in another place. 1:7 1 Cherub, Ps 18:11. 2 Seraph, Isa. 6:2. 1:8 1 The throne is proper to the Prince, and not to the servant. 2 For everlasting, for this doubling of the word increaseth the sig­ nification of it beyond all measure. 3 The government of thy kingdom is righteous. 1:9 1 This kind of rehearsing in which the Jews use contraries, hath great force in it. 2 In that, that the word became flesh, by pouring the holy Ghost upon him without measure. 3 For he is the head and we are his members. 1:10 1 Madest the earth firm and sure.

Hebrews 1:14 1260

time, hSit at my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool? 14 Are they not all 1ministering spirits, sent forth to minister, for their sakes which shall be heirs of salvation? 2 1 Thereof he inferreth, that good heed must be given to Christ's doctrine: 9 And he setteth him out unto us even as our brother in our flesh, that we may with a good will yield up ourselves wholly unto him.

the holy Ghost, according to his own will? 5 1For he hath not put in subjection unto the Angels the 2world to come, whereof we speak. 6 1But bone in a certain place witnessed, saying, 2What is man, that thou shouldest be mindful of him? or the 3son of man, that thou wouldest consider him? 7 Thou 1madest him a little inferior to the Angels: thou crownedst him with 2glory and honor, and hast set him above the works of thine hands. 8 cThou hast put all things in subjection under his feet. And in that he hath put all things in subjection under him, he left nothing that should not be subject unto him. 1But we yet see not all things subdued unto him, 9 1But we 2see Jesus crowned with glory and honor, dwhich was made little 3inferior to the Angels, 4through the 5suffering of death, that by God's grace he might 6taste death for 7all men. 10 1For it became 2him, for whom are all these things, and by whom are all these things, 3seeing that he brought many children unto glory, 4that

h Ps. 110:1 1 Cor. 15:25 Heb. 10:12,13

chapter 2

a Mark 16:20

b Ps. 8:6

c 1 Cor. 15:27

d Phil. 2:8

1 Wherefore 1we ought diligently to give heed to the things which 2we have heard, lest at any time we 3run out. 2 For if the 1word spoken by Angels was steadfast, and every transgression, and disobedience received a just recompense of reward, 3 How shall we escape if we neglect so great salvation, 1which at the first began to be preached by the Lord, and afterward was confirmed unto us by 2them that heard him. 4 aGod bearing witness thereto, both with 1signs and wonders, and with divers miracles, and gifts of

1:14 1 By that name by which we commonly call Princes' messen­ gers, he here calleth the spirits. 2:1 1 Now as it were pausing with himself and showing to what end and purpose all these things were spoken, to wit, to understand by the excel­ lency of Christ above all creatures, that his doctrine, majesty and Priest­ hood is most perfect, he useth an exhortation taken from a comparison. 2 He maketh himself an hearer. 3 They are said to let the word run out, which hold it not fast when they have heard it. 2:2 1 The Law which appointed punishment for the offenders: and which Paul saith was given by Angels, Gal. 3:19, and Stephen, Acts 7:53. 2:3 1 If the breach and trangression of the word spoken by Angels was not suffered unpunished, much less shall it be lawful for us to neglect the Gospel which the Lord of Angels preached, and was confirmed by the voice of the Apostles, and with so many signs and wonders from heaven, and especially with so great and mighty work­ ing of the holy Ghost. 2 By the Apostles. 2:4 1 This is the true end of miracles. Now they are called signs, because they appear one thing, and represent another: and they are called won­ ders, because they represent some strange and unaccustomed things and virtues, because they give us a glimpse of God's mighty power. 2:5 1 If it were an heinous matter to contemn the Angels which are but servants, much more heinous is it to contemn that most mighty King of the restored world. 2 The world to come, whereof Christ is Father, Isa. 9:6, or the Church, which as a new world, was to be gathered together by the Gospel. 2:6 1 He showeth that the use of this kingly dignity consisteth herein, that men might not only [in] Christ recover that dignity which they have lost, but also might be through him advanced above all things, which dignity of men David describeth most excellently. 2 What is there in man that thou shouldest have so great regard of him, and do him that honor? 3 He calleth all the citizens of that heavenly kingdom as they are considered in themselves, before that God giveth them the liberty, of that city in Christ, Man, and Son of man. 2:7 1 This is the first honor of the citizens of the world to come, that

they are next [to] the Angels. 2 For they shall be in very great honor, when they shall be partak­ ers of the kingdom. And he speaketh of the thing that shall be, as though it were already, because it is so certain. 2:8 1 An objection: But where is this so great rule and dominion? 2:9 1 The answer: this is already fulfilled in Jesus Christ our head, who was for a time for our sakes inferior to the Angels, being made man: but now is advanced into most high glory. 2 By his virtue and power which appeareth manifestly in the Church. 3 Who abased himself for a season, and took upon him the posi­ tion of a servant. 4 He showeth the cause of this subjection, to wit, to taste of death for our sakes, that so doing the part of a redeemer, he might not only be our Prophet and King, but also our high Priest. 5 That he might die. 6 Feel death. 7 Herein consisteth the force of the argument: for we could not at length be glorified with him, unless he was abased for us even all the faithful. And by this occasion the Apostle cometh to the other part of the declaration of Christ's person, wherein he proveth him to be in such sort God, and he is also man. 2:10 1 He proveth moreover by other arguments, why it behooveth the Son of God who is true God (as he proveth a little before) to become man notwithstanding, subject to all miseries, sin only except. 2 God. 3 First of all, because the Father, to whose glory all these things are to be referred, purposed to bring many sons unto glory. And how could he have men for his sons, unless his only begotten Son had become brother to men? 4 Secondly, The Father determined to bring those sons to glory, to wit, out of that ignominy wherein they lay before. Therefore the Son should not have been seen plainly to be made man, unless he had been made like unto other men, that he might come to glory in the selfsame way, by which he should bring others: yea rather, it became him which was Prince of the salvation of others, to be consecrated above others, through those afflictions, Prophet, King, and Priest, which are the parts of that principality for the salvation of others.

1261 hebrews 3:4

he should consecrate the 5Prince of their salvation through afflictions. 11 1For he that 2sanctifieth, and they which are sanctified, are all of 3one: wherefore he is not ashamed to call them brethren, 12 1Saying, eI will declare thy Name unto my brethren: in the midst of the Church will I sing praises to thee. 13 1And again, fI will put my 2trust in him. And again, g,3Behold, here am I, and the children which God hath given me. 14 Forasmuch then as the children are 1partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part with them, that he might destroy hthrough death, him that had the 2power of death, that is, the 3devil, 15 And that he might deliver all them, which for fear of 1death were all their lifetime subject to bondage. 16 1For he in no sort took on him the 2Angels' nature, but he took on him the 3seed of Abraham. 17 1Wherefore in 2all things it behooved him to be made like unto his brethren, that he might

be 3merciful, and a 4faithful high Priest in things concerning God, that he might make reconciliation for the sins of the people. 18 For in that he suffered, and was 1tempted, he is able to succor them that are tempted. 3 1 Now he showeth how far inferior Moses is to Christ, 5, 6 even so much as the servant to the Master: and so he bringeth in certain exhortations and threatenings taken out of David, 8 against such as either stubbornly resist, 12 or else are very slow to obey.

e Ps. 22:25

f Ps. 18:2

g Isa. 1:18

h Hos. 13:14

1 Cor. 15:55

chapter 3

a Num. 12:7

1 Therefore, 1holy brethren, partakers of the heavenly vocation, consider the 2Apostle and high Priest of our 3profession Christ Jesus: 2 1Who was faithful to him that hath 2appointed him, 3even as aMoses was in all his house. 3 1For this man is counted worthy of more glory than Moses, inasmuch as he which hath builded the house, hath more honor than the house. 4 For every house is builded of some man, and he that hath built all things, is God.

5 The Chieftain, who as he is chiefest in dignity, so is he the first begotten from among the dead, amongst many brethren. 2:11 1 The ground of both the former arguments: for neither should we be sons through him, neither could he be consecrated through afflictions, unless he hath been made man like unto us. But because this Sonhood dependeth not upon nature only, for no man is accompted the son of God, unless that besides that he is a son of a man, he be also Christ's brother, (which is by sanctification, that is, by becoming one with Christ, who sanctifieth us through faith) therefore the Apostle maketh mention of the sanctifier, to wit, of Christ, and of them that are sanctified, to wit, of all the faithful, whom therefore Christ vouchsafeth to call brethren. 2 He useth the time that now is, to show us that we are yet still going on, and increasing in this sanctification, and by sanctification he meaneth our separation from the rest of the world, our cleansing from sin, and our dedication wholly unto God, all which Christ alone worketh in us. 3 One, of one selfsame nature of man. 2:12 1 That which he taught before of the incarnation of the sancti­ fier, he applieth to the prophetical office. 2:13 1 He applieth the same to the kingly power of Christ in deliver­ ing his from the power of the devil and death. 2 I will commit myself to him, and to his defense. 3 This Isaiah speaketh of himself and his disciples, but betokening thereby all ministers, as also his disciples signify the whole Church. And therefore seeing Christ is the head of the Prophets and ministers, these words are more rightly verified of him, than of Isaiah. 2:14 1 Are made of flesh and blood which is a frail and brittle nature. 2 The devil is said to have the power of death, because he is the author of sin: and from sin cometh death, and for this cause he egg­ eth us daily to sin. 3 He speaketh of one as of the Prince, joining to him secretly all his angels. 2:15 1 By (death) thou must understand here that death which is joined with the wrath of God, as it must needs be, if it be without Christ, then there can be nothing devised more miserable. 2:16 1 He expoundeth those words of flesh and blood, showing that Christ is true man, and not by turning his divine nature, but by taking

on man's nature. And he nameth Abraham, respecting the promises made to Abraham in this behalf. 2 The nature of Angels. 3 The very nature of man. 2:17 1 He applieth the same to the Priesthood, for which he should not have benefit, unless he had become man, and that like unto us in all things, sin only except. 2 Not only as touching nature, but qualities also. 3 That he might be truly touched with the feeling of our miseries. 4 Doing his office sincerely. 2:18 1 Was tried and egged to wickedness by the devil. 3:1 1 Having laid the foundation, that is to say, declared and proved both the natures of one selfsame Christ, he giveth him three offices, to wit, the office of a Prophet, king, and Priest: and as touching the office of teaching and governing, compareth them with Moses and Joshua, unto verse 14 of the next Chapter, and with Aaron touching the Priesthood. And he propoundeth that which he purposeth to speak of, with a most grave exhortation, that all our faith may tend to Christ, as to the only everlasting teacher, governor, and high Priest. 2 The Ambassador or messenger, as Rom. 1:5, he is called the min­ ister of circumcision. 3 Of the doctrine of the Gospel which we profess. 3:2 1 He confirmeth this exhortation with two reasons, first of all because Christ Jesus was appointed such an one of God: sec­ ondly, because he thoroughly executed the offices that his Father enjoined him. 2 Apostle and high Priest. 3 Now he cometh to the comparison with Moses, and he maketh them like one to the other in this, that they were both appointed rul­ ers over God's house, and executed faithfully their office: but by and by after he showeth that there is great unlikeness in that similitude. 3:3 1 The first comparison: The builder of the house is better than the house itself, therefore is Christ better than Moses. The reason of the consequent is this: because the builder of this house is God, which cannot be attributed to Moses: and therefore Moses was not properly the builder, but a part of the house: but Christ as Lord and God, made all this house.

Hebrews 3:5 1262

5 1Now Moses verily was faithful in all his house, as a servant, for a witness of the things which should be spoken after. 6 But Christ is as the Son, over his own house, 1whose 2house we are, if we hold fast that 3confidence and that rejoicing of that hope unto the end. 7 Wherefore, as the holy Ghost saith, bToday if ye 1shall hear his voice, 8 Harden not your hearts, as in the 1provocation, according to the day of the temptation in the wilderness, 9 Where your fathers tempted me, proved me, and saw my works forty years long. 10 Wherefore I was grieved with that generation, and said, They 1err ever in their heart, neither have they known my ways. 11 Therefore I swear in my wrath, If they shall enter into my rest. 12 1Take heed brethren, lest at any time there be in any of you an evil heart, and unfaithful, to depart away from the living God. 13 But exhort one another daily, 1while it is called today, lest any of you be hardened through the deceitfulness of sin. 14 1For we are made partakers of Christ, if we keep sure unto the end that 2beginning, wherewith we are upholden, 15 1So long as it is said, Today if ye hear his voice, harden not your hearts, as in the provocation. 16 For some when they heard, provoked him to anger: howbeit, not all that came out of Egypt by Moses.

17 But with whom was he displeased forty years? Was he not displeased with them that sinned, cwhose carcasses fell in the wilderness? 18 And to whom swear he that they should not enter into his rest, but unto them that obeyed not? 19 So we see that they could not enter in, because of unbelief. 4 1 He joineth exhortation with threatening, lest they, even as their fathers were be deprived of the rest offered unto them, 11 but that they endeavor to enter into it. 14 And so he beginneth to entreat of Christ's Priesthood.

b Ps. 95:8

Heb. 4:7

c Num. 14:37

chapter 4

a Ps. 95:11

b Gen. 2:2 Deut. 5:14

1 Let us fear therefore, lest at any time by forsaking the promise of entering into his rest, any of you should seem to be deprived. 2 1For unto us was the Gospel preached as also unto them: but the word that they heard, profited not them, because it was not 2mixed with faith in those that heard it. 3 1For we which have believed, do enter into rest, as he said to the other, aAs I have sworn in my wrath, If they shall enter into my rest: although the works were finished from the foundation of the world. 4 For he spake in a certain place of the seventh day on this wise, bAnd God did rest the seventh day from all his works. 5 And in this place again, If they shall enter into my rest. 6 Seeing therefore it remaineth that some must enter thereinto, and they to whom it was first preached, entered not therein for unbelief 's sake: 7 Again he appointed in David a certain day, by

3:5 1 Another comparison: Moses was a faithful servant in this house, that is, in the Church, seeing the Lord that was to come, but Christ ruleth and governeth his house as Lord. 3:6 1 He applieth the former doctrine to this end, exhorting all men by the words of David to hear the Son himself speak, and to give full credit to his words, seeing that otherwise they cannot enter into that eternal rest. 2 To wit, Christ's. 3 He calleth that excellent effect of faith (whereby we cry, Abba, that is, Father) confidence, and to confidence he joineth hope. 3:7 1 So that God was to speak once again after Moses. 3:8 1 In the day that they vexed the Lord, or strove with him. 3:10 1 They are brutish and mad. 3:12 1 Now weighing the words of David, he showeth first by this word, Today that we must not neglect the occasion while we have it: for that word is not to be restrained to David's time, but it compre­ hendeth all the time wherein God calleth us. 3:13 1 While today lasteth, that is to say, so long as the Gospel is offered to us. 3:14 1 Now he considereth these words, If you hear his voice, etc., showing that they are spoken and meant of the hearing of faith, against which he setteth hardening through unbelief. 2 That beginning of trust and confidence: and after the manner of the Hebrews, he calleth that beginning, which is chiefest. 3:15 1 So long as this voice soundeth out.

4:2 1 By these words, His voice, he showeth that David meant the preaching of Christ, who was then also preached, for Moses and the Prophets respected none other. 2 He compareth the preaching of the Gospel to drink, which being drunk, that is to say, heard, profiteth nothing, unless it be tempered with faith. 4:3 1 Lest any man should object, that those words were meant of the Land of Canaan, and of Moses' doctrine, and therefore cannot well be drawn to Christ, and to eternal life, the Apostle showeth that there are two manner of rests spoken of in the Scriptures: the one, of the seventh day, wherein God is said to have rested from all his works: the other is said to be that same, whereinto Joshua led the people: but this rest is not the last rest whereto we are called and that he proveth by two reasons. For seeing that David so long time after, speaking to the people which were then placed in the land of Canaan, useth these words, Today, and threateneth them still that they shall not enter into the rest of God, which refuseth then the voice of God that sounded in their ears, we must needs say that he meant another time than the time of Moses, and another rest than the rest of the land of Canaan: And that is, that everlasting rest, wherein we begin to live to God, after that the race of this life ceaseth: as God resteth the sev­ enth day from those his works, that is to say, from making the world. Moreover, the Apostle therewithal signifieth that the way to this rest, which Moses and the land of Canaan and all that order of the Law did shadow, is opened in the Gospel only.

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help in time of need. 5 1 First he showeth the duty of the high Priest: 5 Secondly, that Christ is appointed of God to be our high Priest, 7 and that he hath fulfilled all things belonging thereunto.

Today, after so long a time, saying, as it is said, cThis day, if ye hear his voice, harden not your hearts. 8 For if 1Jesus had given them rest, then would he not after this have spoken of another day. 9 There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God. 10 1For he that is entered into his rest, hath also ceased from his own works, as God did from his. 11 1Let us study therefore to enter into that rest, lest 2any man fall after the same example of disobedience. 12 1For the 2word of God is 3lively, and mighty in operation, and sharper than any two edged sword, and entereth through, even unto the dividing asunder of the 4soul and the 5spirit, and of the joints, and the marrow, and is a discerner of the thoughts, and the intents of the heart. 13 Neither is there any creature, which is not manifest in 1his sight: but all things are naked and open unto his eyes, with whom we have to do. 14 1Seeing then that we have a great high Priest, which is entered into heaven, even Jesus the Son of God, let us 2hold fast our profession. 15 1For we have not an high Priest, which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities, but was in all things tempted in like sort, yet without sin. 16 Let us therefore go boldly unto the throne of grace, that we may receive mercy, and find grace to

c Heb. 3:7

chapter 5

a 1 Chron. 13:10

1 Chron. 23:13

b Ps. 2:7 Heb. 1:5

1 For 1every high Priest is taken from among men, and is ordained for men, in things pertaining to God, 2that he may offer both 3gifts and 4sacrifices for sins. 2 Which is 1able sufficiently to have compassion

c Ps. 110:4

Heb. 7:17

2on them that are ignorant, and that are out of the way, because that he also is 3compassed with infirmity, 3 And for the same sake he is bound to offer for sins, as well for his own part, as for the peoples. 4 a,1And no man taketh this honor unto himself, but he that is called of God, as was Aaron. 5 So likewise Christ took not to himself this honor to be made the high Priest, but he that said unto him, bThou art my son, this day begat I thee, gave it him. 6 As he also in another place speaketh, cThou art a Priest forever, after the 1order of Melchizedek, 7 1Who in the 2days of his flesh did offer up prayers and supplications, with strong crying and tears unto him, that was able to 3save him from death, and was also heard in that which he feared. 8 And though he were the Son, yet 1learned he

4:8 1 He speaketh of Joshua the son of Nun: and as the land of Canaan was a figure of our true rest, so was Joshua a figure of Christ. 4:10 1 As God rested the seventh day, so must we rest from our works, that is, from such as proceed from our corrupt nature. 4:11 1 He returneth to an exhortation. 2 Lest any man become a like example of infidelity. 4:12 1 An amplification taken from the nature of the word of God, the power whereof is such, that it entereth even to the deepest and most inward and secret parts of the heart, wounding them deadly that are stubborn, and plainly quickening the believers. 2 The doctrine of God which is preached both in the Law and in the Gospel. 3 He calleth the word of God lively by reason of the effects it work­ eth in them, to whom it is preached. 4 He calleth that the soul, which hath the affections resident in it. 5 By the spirit he meaneth that nobelest part which is called the mind. 4:13 1 In God's sight. 4:14 1 Now he entereth into the comparison of Christ's Priesthood with Aaron's, and declareth even in the very beginning the marvel­ ous excellency of this Priesthood, calling him the Son of God and placing him in the seat of God in heaven, plainly and evidently set­ ting him against Aaron's Priests, and the transitory tabernacle: which comparisons he setteth forth afterward more at large. 2 And let it not go out of your hands. 4:15 1 Lest he might seem by this great glory of our high Priest, to stay and stop us from going unto him, he addeth straightways after, that he is notwithstanding our brother indeed, (as he proved it also before) and that he accounteth all our miseries, as his own, to call us boldly to him.

5:1 1 The first part of the first comparison of Christ's high Priesthood, with Aaron's: Other high Priests are taken from among men, and are called after the order of men. 2 The first part of the second comparison, Others as weak: are made high Priests, to the end that feeling the same infirmity in them­ selves which is in all the rest of the people, they should in their own and the people's name offer gifts and sacrifices, which are witnesses of common faith, and repentance. 3 Offering of things without life. 4 Beasts which were killed, but especially in the sacrifices for sins and offenses. 5:2 1 Fit and meet. 2 On them that are sinful: for in the Hebrew tongue, under igno­ rance and error is every sin meant, even that sin that is voluntary. 3 For that he himself beareth about with him a nature subject to the same discommodities and vices. 5:4 1 The third comparison which is whole: The others are called of God, and so was Christ, but in another order than Aaron: for Christ is called the Son, begotten of God, and a Priest forever after the order of Melchizedek. 5:6 1 After the likeness or manner as it is afterward declared, Heb. 7:15. 5:7 1 The other part of the second comparison: Christ being exceed­ ingly afflicted and exceedingly merciful, asked not for his sins, for he had none, but for his fear, and obtained his request, and offered himself for all his. 2 While he lived here with us in our weak and frail nature. 3 To deliver him from death. 5:8 1 He learned indeed what it is to have a Father, whom a man must obey.

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4 a,1 For it is 2impossible that they which were once lightened, and have 3tasted of the heavenly gift, and were made partakers of the holy Ghost, 5 And have tasted of the good word of God, and of the powers of the world to come, 6 If they fall away, should be renewed again by repentance: seeing they 1crucify again to themselves the Son of God, and make a mock of him. 7 1For the earth which drinketh in the rain that cometh oft upon it, and bringeth forth herbs meet for them by whom it is dressed, receiveth blessing of God. 8 But that which beareth thorns and briars, is reproved, and is near unto cursing, whose end is to be burned. 9 1But beloved, we have persuaded ourselves better things of you, and such as accompany salvation, though we thus speak. 10 1For God is not unrighteous, that he should forget your work, and labor of love, which ye showed toward his Name, in that ye have ministered unto the Saints, and yet minister. 11 And we desire that every one of you show the same diligence, to the full assurance of hope unto the end, 12 1That ye be not slothful, but followers of them, which through faith and patience, inherit the promises. 13 1For when God made the promise to Abraham, because he had no greater to swear by, he swore by himself, 14 Saying, bSurely I will 1abundantly bless thee, and multiply thee marvelously. 15 And so after that he had tarried patiently, he

obedience, by the things which he suffered. 9 1And being 2consecrated, was made the author of eternal salvation unto all them that obey him: 10 And is called of God an high Priest after the order of Melchizedek. 11 1Of whom we have many things to say, which are hard to be uttered, because ye are dull of hearing. 12 1For when as concerning the time ye ought to be teachers, yet have ye need again that we teach you what are the first principles of the word of God: and are become such as have need of milk, and not of strong meat. 13 For everyone that useth milk, is inexpert in the 1word of righteousness: for he is a babe. 14 But strong meat belongeth to them that are of age, which through long custom have their 1wits exercised, to discern both good and evil. 6 1 He briefly toucheth the childish slothfulness of the Hebrews, 4 and terrifieth them with severe threatenings: 7 He stirreth them up to endeavor in time to go forward: 9 He hopeth well of them: 13 He allegeth Abraham's example: 17 and compareth faith that taketh hold on the word, 19 unto an anchor.

chapter 6

a Heb. 10:26

Matt. 12:45

2 Pet. 1:10

b Gen. 12:2

Gen. 17:1 Gen. 22:17

1 Therefore, leaving the doctrine of the 1beginning of Christ, let us be led forward unto perfection, 2not laying again the foundation of repentance from dead works, and of faith toward God, 2 Of the doctrine of baptisms, and laying on of hands, and of the resurrection from the dead, and of eternal judgment. 3 And this will we do if God permit.

5:9 1 The other part of the first comparison: Christ was consecrate of God the Father as the author of our salvation, and an high Priest forever, and therefore he is so a man that notwithstanding he is far above all men. 2 See Heb. 2:10. 5:11 1 A digression, until he comes to the beginning of the sev­ enth chapter: wherein he partly holdeth the Hebrews in the dili­ gent consideration of those things which he hath said, and partly prepareth them to the understanding of those things whereof he will speak. 5:12 1 An example of an Apostolic chiding. 5:13 1 In the word that teacheth righteousness. 5:14 1 All their power whereby they understand and judge. 6:1 1 The first principles of Christian religion, which we call the Cat­ echism. 2 Certain principles of a Catechism, which comprehend the sum of the doctrine of the Gospel, were given in few words and briefly to the rude and ignorant, to wit, the profession of repentance and faith in God: the articles of which doctrine, were demanded of them which were not as yet received members of the Church, at the days appointed for Baptism: and of the children of the faithful which were baptized in their infancy: when hands were laid upon them. And of those articles, two are by name recited: the resurrection of the flesh, and the eternal judgment. 6:4 1 He addeth a vehemency to his exhortation, and a most sharp

threatening of the certain destruction that shall come to them which fall from God and his religion. 2 He speaketh of a general backsliding, and such as do altogether fall away from the faith, and not of sins which are committed through the frailty of man against the first and the second table. 3 We must mark the force of this word, for it is one thing to believe as Lydia did, whose heart God opened, Acts 16:13, and another thing to have some taste. 6:6 1 As men that hate Christ, and as though they crucified him again make him a mocking stock to all the world, and that to their own destruction, as Julian the Apostate or backslider did. 6:7 1 He setteth forth the former threatening with a similitude. 6:9 1 He mitigateth and assuageth all that sharpness, hoping better of them to whom he writeth. 6:10 1 He praiseth them for their charity, thereby encouraging them to go forward, and to hold out to the end. 6:12 1 He showeth what virtues chiefly they have need of to go for­ ward constantly, and also to profit: to wit, of charity, and patience: and lest any man should object and say, that these things are impossible to be done, he willeth them to set before themselves the examples of their ancestors, and to follow them. 6:13 1 Another prick to prick them forward: Because the hope of the inheritance is certain, if we continue to the end, for God hath not only promised it, but also promised it with an oath. 6:14 1 I will heap up benefits most plentifully upon thee.

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enjoyed the promise. 16 For men verily swear by him that is greater than themselves, and an oath for confirmation is among them an end of all strife. 17 So God, willing more 1abundantly to show unto the heirs of promise the stableness of his counsel, bound himself by an oath, 18 That by two immutable things, wherein it is impossible that God should lie, we might have strong consolation, which have our refuge to lay hold upon that hope that is set before us, 19 1Which hope we have, as an anchor of the soul, but sure and steadfast, and it entereth into that which is within the veil. 20 1Whither the forerunner is for us entered in, even Jesus that is made an high Priest forever after the order of Melchizedek. 7 1 He hath hitherto stirred them up, to mark diligently what things are to be considered in Melchizedek, 15 wherein he is like unto Christ. 20 Wherefore the Law should give place to the Gospel.

3 1Without father, without mother, without kindred, and hath neither beginning of his days, neither end of life: but is likened unto the Son of God, and continueth a Priest forever. 4 1Now consider how great this man was, unto whom even the Patriarch Abraham gave the tithe of the spoils. 5 For verily they which are the children of Levi, which receive the office of the Priesthood, have a bcommandment to take, according to the Law, tithes of the people (that is, of their brethren) though they 1came out of the loins of Abraham. 6 But he whose kindred is not counted among them, received tithes of Abraham, and blessed him that had the promises. 7 And 1without all contradiction the less is blessed of the greater. 8 And here men that die, receive tithes: but there he receiveth them, of whom it is witnessed, that he liveth. 9 1And to say as the thing is, Levi also which receiveth tithes, payeth tithes in Abraham. 10 For he was yet in the loins of his father Abraham, when Melchizedek met him. 11 1If therefore 2perfection had been by the Priesthood of the Levites (for under it the Law was established to the people) what needed it furthermore, that another Priest should rise after the order of Melchizedek, and not to be called after the order of Aaron? 12 1For if the Priesthood be changed, then of necessity must there be a change of the 2Law.

chapter 7

a Gen. 14:18

b Num. 18:21

1 For this 1Melchizedek awas King of Salem, the Priest of the most high God, who met Abraham, as he returned from the slaughter of the Kings, and 2blessed him: 2 To whom also Abraham gave the tithe of all things: who first is by interpretation King of righteousness: after that, he is also King of Salem, that is, King of peace,

6:17 1 More than was needful, were it not for the wickedness of men which believe not God, no though he swear. 6:19 1 He likeneth hope to an anchor: because that even as an anchor being cast into the bottom of the sea, stayeth the whole ship, so doth hope also enter even into the very secret places of heaven. And he maketh mention of the Sanctuary, alluding to the old taber­ nacle, and by this means returneth to the comparisons of the Priest­ hood of Christ with the Levitical. 6:20 1 He repeateth David's words, wherein all those comparisons whereof he hath before made mention, are signified, as he declareth in all the next chapter. 7:1 1 Declaring those words, According to the order of Melchizedek, whereupon that comparison standeth of the Priesthood of Christ with the Levitical: first Melchizedek himself is considered as the figure of Christ, and these are the hands of that comparison, Melchizedek was a King and a Priest: and such an one indeed is Christ alone. He was a King of peace and righteousness: such an one indeed is Christ alone. 2 With a solemn and Priestly blessing. 7:3 1 Another figure: Melchizedek set before us to be considered as one without beginning and without ending, for neither his father, nor his mother, nor his ancestors, nor his death are written of: and such an one indeed is the Son of God, to wit, an everlasting Priest: as he is God, without mother wonderfully begotten: as he is man, without father wonderfully conceived. 7:4 1 Another figure: Melchizedek in consideration of his Priesthood was above Abraham, for he took tenths of him, and blessed him as a Priest: Such an one indeed is Christ, upon whom dependeth even Abraham's sanctification, and all the believers, and whom all men

ought to worship and reverence as the author of all. 7:5 1 Were begotten by Abraham. 7:7 1 He speaketh of the public blessing which the Priests used. 7:9 1 A double amplification: The first, that Melchizedek took the tenths, as one immortal (to wit, in respect, that he is the figure of Christ, for his death is in no place made mention of, and David setteth him forth as an everlasting Priest) but the Levitical Priests, as mortal men, for they succeed one another: the second, that Levi himself was tithed in Abraham by Melchizedek. Therefore the Priesthood of Melchizedek (that is, Christ's who is pronounced to be an everlasting Priest according to his order) is more excellent than the Levitical. 7:11 1 The third treatise of this Epistle, wherein after he hath proved Christ to be a King, a Prophet, and a Priest, he now handleth distinctly the condi­ tion and excellency of all these offices, showing that all these were but shadows in all other, but in Christ they are true and perfect. And he begin­ neth with the Priesthood, wherewith also the former treatise ended, that by this means all the parts and members of this disputation, may better hang together. And first of all he proveth that the Levitical Priesthood was imperfect because another Priest is promised a long time after according to another order, that is to say, of another manner of rule and fashion. 2 If the priesthood of Levi could have made any man perfect. 7:12 1 He showeth how that by the institution of the new Priesthood, not only the imperfection of the Priesthood of Levi was declared, but also that it was changed for this: for these two cannot stand together, because that first appointment of the tribe of Levi, did shut forth the tribe of Judah, and made it also inferior to Levi: and this latter doth place the Priesthood in the tribe of Judah. 2 Of the institution of Aaron.

Hebrews 7:13 1266

13 For he of whom these things are spoken, pertaineth unto another tribe, whereof no man 1served at the altar. 14 For it is evident, that our Lord sprung out of Judah, concerning the which tribe Moses spake nothing, touching the Priesthood. 15 1And it is yet a more evident thing, because that after the similitude of Melchizedek, there is risen up another Priest, 16 1Which is not made Priest after the 2Law of the carnal commandment, but after the power of the endless life. 17 For he testifieth thus, cThou art a Priest forever, after the order of Melchizedek. 18 1For the 2commandment that went afore, is disannulled, because of the weakness thereof, and unprofitableness. 19 For the Law made nothing perfect, but the bringing in of a better hope made perfect, whereby we draw near unto God. 20 1And forasmuch as it is not without an oath (for these are made Priests without an oath: 21 But this is made with an oath by him that said unto him, dThe Lord hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a Priest forever, after the order of Melchizedek.) 22 By so much is Jesus made a surety of a better Testament. 23 1And among them many were made Priests,

because they were not suffered to endure, by the reason of death. 24 But this man, because he endureth ever, hath a Priesthood, which 1cannot pass from one to another. 25 Wherefore, he is 1able also perfectly to save them that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth, to make intercession for them. 26 1For such an high Priest it became us to have, which is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens: 27 Which needeth not daily as those high Priests to offer up sacrifice, efirst for his own sins, and then for the peoples: 1for 2that did he 3once, when he offered up himself. 28 For the Law maketh men high Priests, which have infirmity: but the 1word of the oath 2that 3was since the Law, maketh the Son, who is consecrated for evermore. 8 1 To prove more certainly that the ceremonies of the Law are abrogated, 5 he showeth that they were appointed to serve the heavenly pattern. 8 He bringeth in the place of Jeremiah, 13 to prove the amendment of the old covenant.

c Ps. 110:4

Heb. 5:6

d Ps. 110:4

e Lev. 16:11

1 Now 1of the things which we have spoken, this is the sum, that we have such an high Priest, that sitteth at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in heavens, 2 1And is a minister of the 2Sanctuary, 3and of

7:13 1 Had anything to do about the altar. 7:15 1 Lest any man might object, that the Priesthood indeed was translated from Levi to Judah, but yet notwithstanding the same remaineth still, he both weigheth and expoundeth these words of David, forever, according to the order of Melchizedek, whereby also a divers institution of priesthood is well perceived. 7:16 1 He proveth the diversity and excellency of the institution of Melchizedek's Priesthood, by this, that the priesthood of the Law did stand upon an outward and bodily anointing: but the sacrifice of Melchizedek is set out to be everlasting and more spiritual. 2 Not after the ordination, which commandeth frail and transi­ tory things, as was done in Aaron's consecration, and all that whole Priesthood. 7:18 1 Again, that no man might object that the last Priesthood was added to make a perfect one, by the coupling of them both together, he proveth that the first was abrogated by the latter as unprofitable, and that by the nature of them both. For how could those corporal and transitory things sanctify us, either of themselves, or being joined with another? 2 The ceremonial law. 7:20 1 Another argument whereby he proveth that the Priesthood of Christ is better than the Priesthood of Levi, because his was estab­ lished with an oath, but theirs was not so. 7:23 1 Another argument tending to the same purpose. The Levitical Priests (as mortal men) could not be everlasting, but Christ as he is everlasting, so hath he also an everlasting Priesthood making most effectual intercession for them which by him come unto God. 7:24 1 Which cannot pass away. 7:25 1 He is fit and meet. 7:26 1 Another argument: There are required in an high Priest inno­

cency, and perfect pureness, which may separate him from sinners, for whom he offereth. But the Levitical high Priests shall not be found to be such, for they offer first for their own sins: But Christ only is such a one; and therefore the true and only high Priest. 7:27 1 Another argument which notwithstanding he handleth afterward: The Levitical Priests offered sacrifice after sacrifice, first for themselves, and then for the people. But Christ offered not for himself, but for others, not sacrifices, but himself, not oftentimes, but once. And this ought not to seem strange; saith he, forsomuch as they are weak, but this man is consecrated an everlasting Priest, and that by an oath. 2 That sacrifice which he offered. 3 It was so done, that it needeth not be repeated or offered again anymore. 7:28 1 The commandment of God which was bound with an oath. 2 Another argument taken of the time: former things are taken away by the latter. 3 Exhibited. 8:1 1 He briefly repeateth that, whereunto all these things are to be referred, to wit, we have a far other high Priest than those Levitical high Priests are, even such an one as sitteth at the right hand of the most high God in heaven. 8:2 1 They of Levi were high Priests in an earthly sanctuary, but Christ is in the heavenly. 2 Of heaven. 3 They of Levi exercised their Priesthood in a frail tabernacle, but Christ beareth about with him a far other tabernacle, to wit, his body which God himself made to be everlasting, as it shall afterward be declared, Heb. 9:11.

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for all shall know me, from the least of them to the greatest of them. 12 For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness, and I will remember their sins and their iniquities no more. 13 1In that he saith a new Testament, he hath abrogated the old: now that which is disannulled and waxed old, is ready to vanish away. 9 2 Comparing the form of the Tabernacle, 10 and the ceremonies of the Law, 11 unto the truth set out in Christ, 15 he concludeth that now there is no more need of another Priest, 24 because Christ himself had fulfilled these duties under the new covenant.

that 4true Tabernacle which the Lord pitched, and not man. 3 1For every high Priest is ordained to offer both gifts and sacrifices: wherefore it was of necessity, that this man should have somewhat also to offer. 4 1For he were not a Priest, if he were on the earth, seeing there are Priests that according to the Law offer gifts, 5 Who serve unto the pattern and shadow of heavenly things, as Moses was warned by God when he was about to finish the Tabernacle. aSee, said he, that thou make all things according to the pattern, showed to thee in the mount. 6 1But now our high Priest hath obtained a more excellent office, inasmuch as he is the Mediator of a better Testament, which is established upon better promises. 7 1For if that first Testament had been unblameable, no place should have been sought for the second. 8 For in rebuking them he saith, bBehold, the days will come, saith the Lord, when I shall make with the 1house of Israel, and with the house of Judah a new Testament: 9 Not like the Testament that I made with their fathers, in the day that I took them by the hand, to lead them out of the land of Egypt: for they continued not in my Testament, and I regarded them not, saith the Lord. 10 For this is the Testament that I will make with the house of Israel, After those days, saith the Lord, I will put my Laws in their mind, and in their heart I will write them, and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. 11 And they shall not teach every man his neighbor, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord:

chapter 8

a Exod. 15:40

Acts 7:44

b Jer. 31:31-34

Rom. 11:17 Heb. 10:16

chapter 9

a Num. 7:10

b 1 Kings 8:9 2 Chron. 5:10

c Exod. 21:22

d Exod. 30:10

Lev. 16:2

1 Then 1the first Testament had also ordinances of religion, and a 2worldly Sanctuary, 2 For the first Tabernacle was made, wherein was the candlestick, and the table, and the showbread, which Tabernacle is called the Holy places. 3 And after the 1second veil was the Tabernacle, which is called the 2Holiest of all, 4 Which had the golden censer, and the Ark of the Testament overlaid round about with gold, wherein the golden pot, which had Manna, was, and aAaron's rod that had budded, and the btables of the Testament. 5 cAnd over the Ark were the glorious Cherubims, shadowing the 1mercy seat: of which things we will not now speak particularly. 6 1Now when these things were thus ordained, the Priest went always into the first Tabernacle, and accomplished the service. 7 But into the second went the dhigh Priest alone, once every year, not without blood which he offered for himself, and for the 1ignorances of the people.

4 Of his body. 8:3 1 He bringeth a reason why it must needs be that Christ should have a body (which he calleth a tabernacle which the Lord pight and not man) to wit, that he might have what to offer: for otherwise he could not be an high Priest. And the selfsame body is both the tab­ ernacle and the sacrifice. 8:4 1 He giveth a reason why he said that our high Priest is in the heavenly sanctuary and not in the earthly: because, saith he, if he were now on the earth, he could not minister in the earthly sanc­ tuary, seeing there are yet Levitical Priests, which are appointed for him, that is to say, to be patterns of that perfect example. And to what purpose should the patterns serve when the true and original example is present. 8:6 1 He entereth into the comparison of the old and transitory Tes­ tament or covenant being but for a time, whereof the Levitical Priests were mediators with the new the everlasting Mediator whereof is Christ, to show that this is not only better than that in all respects, but also that that was abrogated by this. 8:7 1 He proveth by the testimony of Jeremiah, that there is a sec­ ond Testament or covenant, and therefore that the first was not perfect. 8:8 1 He calleth it an house, as it were one family of the whole

kingdom: for whereas the kingdom of David was divided into two factions, the Prophet giveth us to understand that through the new Testament they shall be joined together again in one. 8:13 1 The conclusion: Therefore by the latter and the new, the first and old is taken away, for it could not be called new if it differed not from the old. And again that same is at length taken away: which is subject to corruption, and therefore imperfect. 9:1 1 A division of the first Tabernacle which he calleth worldly, that is to say, transitory and earthly into two parts, to wit, into the holy places and the Holiest of all. 2 An earthy and a flitting. 9:3 1 He calleth it the second veil, not because there were two veils, but because it was behind the Sanctuary or the first Taber­ nacle. 2 The holiest Sanctuary. 9:5 1 The Hebrews call the cover of the Ark of the covenant, the mercy seat, whom both the Greeks and we follow. 9:6 1 Now he cometh to the sacrifices which he divideth into those daily sacrifices, and that yearly and solemn sacrifice, with the which the high Priest only, but once every year entering into the Holiest of all with blood, offered for himself and the people. 9:7 1 For the sins. See Heb. 5:2.

Hebrews 9:8 1268

8 1Whereby the holy Ghost this signified, that the way into the Holiest of all was not yet opened, while as yet the first tabernacle was standing, 9 1Which was a figure 2for that present time, wherein were offered gifts and sacrifices that could not make holy, concerning the conscience, him that did the service, 10 1Which only stood in meats and drinks, and divers washings, and carnal rites, 2which were enjoined, until the time of reformation. 11 1But Christ being come an high Priest of good things to come, 2by a 3greater and a more perfect Tabernacle, not made with hands, that is, not of this building, 12 1Neither by the blood of 2goats and calves: but by his own blood entered he in once unto the holy place, and obtained eternal redemption for us. 13 e,1For if the blood of bulls and of goats, and the ashes of an heifer, sprinkling them that are unclean, sanctifieth as touching the 2purifying of the flesh,

14 How much more shall the fblood of Christ which through the eternal Spirit offered himself without fault to God, gpurge your conscience from 1dead works, to serve the living God? 15 1And for this cause is he the Mediator of the new Testament, that through hdeath which was for the redemption of the transgressions that were in the former Testament, they which were called, might receive the promise of eternal inheritance. 16 1For where a Testament is, there must be the death of him that made the Testament. 17 iFor the Testament is confirmed when men are dead: for it is yet of no force as long as he that made it, is alive. 18 1Wherefore, neither was the first ordained without blood. 19 For when Moses had spoken every precept to the people, 1according to the Law, he took the blood of calves and of goats, with water and purple wool and hyssop, and 2sprinkled both the book, and all

e Lev. 16:14

Num. 19:4

f 1 Pet. 1:19

1 John 1:7 Rev. 1:5

g Luke 1:74

h Rom. 5:6

1 Pet. 3:18

i Gal. 3:15

9:8 1 Of that yearly rite and ceremony he gathereth that the way was not by such sacrifices opened into heaven, which was shadowed by the Holiest of all. For why did the high Priest alone enter in thither, shutting out all other, and that to offer sacrifices there both for him­ self and for others, and after did shut the Holiest of all again? 9:9 1 An objection: If the way were not opened into heaven by those sacrifices (that is to say, If the worshippers were not purged by them) why then were those ceremonies used? to wit, that men might be called back to that spiritual example, that is to say, to Christ, who should correct all those things at his coming. 2 For that time that that figure had to last. 9:10 1 Another reason why they could not make clean the con­ science of the worshipper, to wit, because they were outward and carnal or corporal things. 2 For they were as you would say a burden, from which Christ delivered us. 9:11 1 Now he entereth into the declaration of the figures, and first of all comparing the Levitical high Priest with Christ, (that is to say, the figure with the thing itself) he attributeth to Christ the admin­ istration of good things to come, that is, everlasting, which those carnal things had respect unto. 2 Another comparison of the first corruptible Tabernacle with the latter (that is to say, with the human nature of Christ) which is the true incorruptible Temple of God, whereinto which the Son of GOD entered, as the Levitical high Priests into the other which was frail and transitory. 3 By a more excellent and better. 9:12 1 Another comparison of the blood of sacrifices with Christ. The Levitical high Priests entering by their holy places into the Sanctuary, offered corruptible blood for one year only: but Christ entering into that holy body of his, entered by it into heaven itself, offering his own most pure blood for an everlasting redemption: For one selfsame Christ answereth both to the high Priest, and the Tabernacle, and the sacrifices, and offering themselves, as the truth to the figures, so that Christ is both the high Priest, and Tabernacle, and Sacrifice, yea, all these both truly, and forever. 2 For in this yearly sacrifice of reconciliation, there were two kinds of sacrifices, the one a goat, the other a heifer, or calf. 9:13 1 If the outward sprinkling of blood and ashes of beasts, was a

true and effectual sign of purifying and cleansing, how much more shall the thing itself and the truth being present, which in times past was shadowed by those external Sacraments, that is to say, his blood which is in such sort man's blood, that is also the blood of the Son of God, and therefore hath an everlasting virtue of purifying and cleansing, does it? 2 He considereth the signs apart, being separate from the thing itself. 9:14 1 From sins which proceed from death, and bring forth nothing but death. 9:15 1 The conclusion of the former argument: therefore seeing the blood of beasts did not purge sins, the new Testament which was before time promised, whereunto those outward things had respect, is now indeed established, by the virtue whereof all transgressions might be taken away, and heaven indeed opened unto us: whereof it followeth that Christ shed his blood also for the Fathers: For he was shadowed by those old ceremonies, otherwise, unless they had served to represent him, they had been nothing at all profitable. Therefore this Testament is called the latter, not concerning the vir­ tue of it, (that is to say, remission of sins) but in respect of that time, wherein the thing itself was finished, that is to say, wherein Christ was indeed exhibited to the world, and fulfilled all things which were necessary to our salvation. 9:16 1 A reason why the Testament must be established by the death of the Mediator, because this Testament hath the condition of a Testament or gift, which is made effectual by death, and therefore that it might be effectual, it must needs be that he that made the Testament, should die. 9:18 1 There must be a proportion between those things which purify, and those which are purified: Under the Law all those figures were earthly, the Tabernacle, the book, the vessels, the sacrifices, although they were the figures of heavenly things. Therefore it was requisite that all those should be purified with some matter and cere­ mony of the same nature, to wit, with the blood of beasts, with water, wool, hyssop. But under Christ all things are heavenly, an heavenly tabernacle, an heavenly sacrifice, an heavenly people, an heavenly doctrine, and heaven itself is set open before us for an eternal habita­ tion. Therefore all these things are sanctified in like sort, to wit, with the everlasting offering of the quickening blood of Christ. 9:19 1 As the Lord had commanded. 2 He useth to sprinkle.

1269 hebrews 10:8

10 1 He proveth that the sacrifices of the Law were imperfect, 2 because they were yearly renewed. 5 But that the sacrifice of Christ is one, and perpetual, 6 he proveth by David's testimony: 19 Then he addeth an exhortation, 29 and severely threateneth them that reject the grace of Christ. 36 In the end he praiseth patience, 38 that cometh of faith.

the people, 20 jSaying, This is the blood of the Testament, which God hath appointed unto you. 21 Moreover, he sprinkled likewise the Tabernacle with blood also, and all the ministering vessels, 22 And almost all things are by the Law purged with blood, and without shedding of blood is no remission. 23 It was then necessary, that the 1similitudes of heavenly things should be purified with such things: but the heavenly things themselves are purified with better sacrifices than are these. 24 1For Christ is not entered into the holy places that are made with hands, which are similitudes of the true Sanctuary: but is entered into very heaven, to appear now in the sight of God for us, 25 1Not that he should offer himself often, as the high Priest entered into the Holy place every year with others' blood, 26 1(For then must he have often suffered since the foundation of the world) but now in the 2end of the world hath he been made manifest, once to put away 3sin by the sacrifice of himself. 27 And as it is appointed unto men that they shall 1once die, and after that cometh the judgment: 28 So kChrist was once offered to take away the sins of 1many, 2and unto them that look for him, shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation.

j Exod. 24:8

k Rom. 5:8

1 Pet. 3:18

chapter 10

a Ps. 40:7

1 For 1the law having the shadow of good things to 2come, and not the very image of the things, can never with those sacrifices, which they offer year by year continually, sanctify the comers thereunto. 2 For would they not then have ceased to have been offered, because that the offerers once purged, should have had no more conscience of sins? 3 But in those sacrifices there is a remembrance again of sins every year. 4 For it is impossible that the blood of bulls and goats should take away sins. 5 1Wherefore when he 2cometh into the world, he saith, aSacrifice and offering thou wouldest not: but a 3body hast thou ordained me. 6 In burnt offerings, and sin offerings thou hast had no pleasure. 7 Then I said, Lo, I come (in the beginning of the book it is written of me) that I should do thy will, O God. 8 Above, when he said, Sacrifice and offering, and burnt offerings, and sin offerings, thou wouldest not have, neither hadst pleasure therein (which are

9:23 1 The similitudes of heavenly things were earthly, and therefore they were to be set forth with earthly things, as with the blood of beasts, and wool, and hyssop. But under Christ all things are heav­ enly, and therefore they could not but be sanctified with the offering of his lively blood. 9:24 1 Another double comparison: the Levitical high Priest entered into the Sanctuary, which was made indeed by the command­ ment of God, but yet with men's hands, that it might be a pattern of another more excellent, to wit, of the heavenly place. But Christ entered even into heaven itself. Again, he appeared before the Ark, but Christ before God the Father himself. 9:25 1 Another double comparison: the Levitical high Priest offered other blood, but Christ offered his own: he every year once iterated his offering: Christ offering himself but once, abolished sin altogether, both of the former ages and of the ages to come. 9:26 1 An argument to prove that Christ's offering ought not to be repeated: Seeing that sins were to be purged from the beginning of the world, and it is proved that sins cannot be purged, but by the only blood of Christ: he must needs have died oftentimes since the beginning of the world. But a man can die but once: therefore Christ's oblation which was once done in the latter days, neither could nor can be repeated. Seeing then it is so, surely the virtue of it extendeth both to sins that were before, and to sins that are after his coming. 2 In the latter days. 3 That whole root of sin. 9:27 1 He speaketh of the natural state and condition of man: For as for Lazarus and certain others that died twice, that was no usual thing but extraordinary, and for them that shall be changed, their changing is a kind of death, 1 Cor. 15:51. 9:28 1 Thus the general promise is restrained to the elect only: and

we have to seek the testimony of our election: not in the secret counsel of God, but in the effects that our faith worketh, and so we must climb up from the lowest step to the highest, there to find such comfort as is most certain, and shall never be moved. 2 Shortly by the way he setteth out Christ as Judge, partly to terrify them, which do not rest themselves in the only oblation of Christ once made, and partly to keep the faithful in their duty, that they will go not back. 10:1 1 He preventeth a privy objection. Why then were those sacri­ fices offered? The Apostle answereth first touching that yearly sac­ rifice which was the solemnest of all, wherein (saith he) there was made every year a remembrance again of all former sins. Therefore that sacrifice had no power to sanctify: for to what purpose should those sins which are purged be repeated again, and wherefore should new sins come to be repeated every year, if those sacrifices did abolish sin? 2 Of things which are everlasting, which were promised to the Fathers, and exhibited in Christ. 10:5 1 A conclusion following of those things that went before, and comprehending also the other sacrifices. Seeing that the sacrifices of the Law could not do it, therefore Christ speaking of himself as of our high Priest manifested in the flesh, witnesseseth evidently that God resteth not in the sacrifices, but in the obedience of his Son our high Priest, in which obedience he offered up himself once to his Father for us. 2 The Son of God is said to come into the world, when he was made man. 3 It is word for word in the Hebrew text, Thou hast pierced mine ears through, that is, thou hast made me obedient, and willing to hear.

Hebrews 10:9 1270

offered by the Law.) 9 Then said he, Lo, I come to do thy will, O God, he taketh away the 1first, that he may stablish the second. 10 By the which will we are sanctified, even by the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once made. 11 1And every Priest 2standeth daily ministering, and ofttimes offereth one manner of offering, which can never take away sins: 12 But this man after he had offered one sacrifice for sins, bsitteth forever at the right hand of God, 13 1And from henceforth tarrieth, ctill his enemies be made his footstool. 14 For with one offering hath he consecrated forever them that are sanctified. 15 1For the holy Ghost also beareth us record: for after that he had said before, 16 dThis is the Testament that I will make unto them after those days, saith the Lord, I will put my Laws in their heart, and in their minds I will write them. 17 And their sins and iniquities will I remember 1no more. 18 Now where remission of these things is, there is no more offering for 1sin. 19 1Seeing therefore, brethren, that by the blood of Jesus we may be bold to enter into the Holy place, 20 By the new and living way, which he hath

prepared for us, through the veil, that is, his 1flesh: 21 And seeing we have an high Priest, which is over the house of God, 22 1Let us draw near with a 2true heart in assurance of faith, our 3hearts being pure from an evil conscience, 23 And washed in our bodies with 1pure water, let us keep the profession of our hope, without wavering, (for he is faithful that promised.) 24 And let us consider one another, to provoke unto love, and to good works, 25 Not forsaking the fellowship that we have among ourselves, as the manner of some is: but let us exhort one another, 1and that so much the more, because ye see that the day draweth near. 26 eFor if we sin 1willingly after that we have received and acknowledged that truth, there remaineth no more sacrifice for sins, 27 But a fearful looking for of judgment, and violent fire, which shall devour the 1adversaries. 28 1He that despiseth Moses' Law, dieth without mercy funder two, or three witnesses: 29 Of how much sorer punishment suppose ye shall he be worthy, which treadeth under foot the Son of God, and counteth the blood of the Testament as an unholy thing, wherewith he was sanctified, and doeth despite the Spirit of grace? 30 1For we know him that hath said, gVengeance

b Heb. 1:13

Ps. 110:1 1 Cor. 15:25

c Heb. 1:13

d Jer. 31:33 Rom. 11:27

Heb. 8:8

e Heb. 6:4

f Deut. 19:15

Matt. 18:16

John 8:17 2 Cor. 13:1

g Deut. 32:35

Rom. 12:19

10:9 1 That is the sacrifices, to establish the second, that is, the will of God. 10:11 1 A conclusion, with the other part of the comparison. The Levitical high Priest repeateth the same sacrifices daily in his sanctu­ ary: whereupon which it followeth that neither those sacrifices, nei­ ther those offerings, neither those high Priests could take away sins. But Christ, having offered one sacrifice once for the sins of all men, and having sanctified his own forever, sitteth at the right hand of the Father, having all power in his hands. 2 At the altar. 10:13 1 He preventeth a privy objection, to wit, that yet notwith­ standing we are subject to sin and death, whereunto the Apostle answereth, that the full efficacy of Christ's virtue hath not yet showed itself, but shall at length appear when he will at once put to flight all his enemies, with whom as yet we strive. 10:15 1 Although there do yet remain in us relics of sin, yet the work of our sanctification which is to be perfected, hangeth upon the self­ same sacrifice which never shall be repeated: and that the Apostle proveth by alledging again the testimonies of Jeremiah, thus, Sin is taken away by the new Testament, seeing the Lord saith that it shall come to pass, that according to the form of it, he will no more remember our sins: Therefore we need now no purging sacrifice to take away that which is already taken away, but we must rather take pains, that we may now through faith be partakers of that sacrifice. 10:17 1 Why then, where is the fire of Purgatory, and that Popish distinction of the fault and the punishment? 10:18 1 He said well, for sin: for there remaineth another offering, to wit, of thanksgiving. 10:19 1 The sum of the former treatise: We are not shut out now of the holy place, as the Fathers were, but we have an entrance into

the true holy place (that is, into heaven) seeing that we are purged with the blood not of beasts, but of Jesus. Neither as in times past, doth the high Priest shut us out by setting the veil against us, but through the veil, which is his flesh, he hath brought us into heaven itself, being present with us, so that we have now truly an high Priest, which is over the house of God. 10:20 1 So Christ's flesh showeth us the Godhead as it were under a veil, for otherwise we were not able to abide the brightness of it. 10:22 1 A most grave exhortation, wherein which he showeth how that sacrifice of Christ may be applied to us: to wit, by faith, which also he describeth, by the consequence, to wit, by sanctification of the Spirit, which causeth us surely to hope in God, and to procure by all means possible one another's salvation, through the love that is in us one toward another. 2 With no double and counterfeit heart, but with such an heart as is truly and indeed given to God. 3 This is it which the Lord saith, Be ye holy, for I am holy. 10:23 1 With the grace of the holy Ghost. 10:25 1 Having mentioned the last coming of Christ, he stirreth up the godly to the meditation of an holy life, and cites the faithless fall­ ers from God, to the fearful judgment seat of the judge, because they wickedly rejected him in whom only salvation consisteth. 10:26 1 Without any cause or occasion, or show of occasion. 10:27 1 For it is another matter to sin through the frailty of man's nature, and another thing to proclaim war as it were to God as to an enemy. 10:28 1 If the breach of the Law of Moses was punished by death, how much more worthy death is it to fall away from Christ? 10:30 1 The reason of all these things is, because God is a revenger of such as despise him: otherwise he should not rightly govern his Church. Now there is nothing more horrible then the wrath of the living God.

1271 hebrews 11:13

belongeth unto me: I will recompense, saith the Lord. And again, The Lord shall 2judge his people. 31 It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God. 32 1Now call to remembrance the days that are passed, in the which, after ye had received light ye endured a great fight in afflictions, 33 Partly while ye were made a 1gazing stock both by reproaches and afflictions, and partly while ye became 2companions of them which were so tossed to and fro. 34 For both ye sorrowed with me for my bonds, and suffered with joy the spoiling of your goods, knowing in yourselves how that ye have in heaven a better, and an enduring 1substance. 35 Cast not away therefore your confidence which hath great recompense of reward. 36 For ye have need of patience, that after ye have done the will of God, ye might receive the promise. 37 For yet a very 1little while, and he that shall come, will come, and will not tarry. 38 h,1Now the just shall live by faith: but if any withdraw himself, my soul shall have no pleasure in him. 39 But we are not they which withdraw ourselves unto perdition, but follow faith unto the conservation of the soul. 11 1 He declareth in the whole Chapter, that the Fathers, which from the beginning of the world were approved of God, attained salvation no other way than by faith, that the Jews may know that by the same only, they are knit unto the Fathers in an holy union.

3 a,1Through faith we understand that the world was ordained by the word of God, so that the things which we 2see, are not made of things which did appear. 4 1By faith Abel boffered unto God a greater sacrifice than Cain, by cthe which he obtained witness that he was righteous, God testifying of his gifts: by the which faith also he being dead, yet speaketh. 5 1By faith was dEnoch translated, that he should not 2see death: neither was he found: for God had translated him: for before he was translated, he was reported of, that he had pleased God. 6 But without faith it is impossible to please him: for he that cometh to God, must believe that God is, and that he is a 1rewarder of them that seek him. 7 1By faith eNoah being warned of God of the things which were as yet not seen, moved with reverence, prepared the Ark to the saving of his household, through the which Ark he condemned the world, and was made heir of the righteousness, which is by faith. 8 1By faith fAbraham, when he was called, obeyed God, to go out into a place, which he should afterward receive for inheritance, and he went out, not knowing whither he went. 9 By faith he abode in the land of promise, as in a strange country, as one that dwelt in tents with Isaac and Jacob heirs with him of the same promise. 10 For he looked for a city having a 1foundation, whose builder and maker is God. 11 Through faith gSarah also received strength to conceive seed, and was delivered of a child when she was past age, because she judged him faithful which had promised. 12 And therefore sprang thereof one, even of one which was 1dead, so many as the stars of the sky in multitude, and as the sand of the sea shore which is innumerable. 13 All these died in 1faith, and received not the

h Hab. 2:4 Rom. 1:17

Gal. 3:11

chapter 11

a Gen. 1:1

John 1:10

b Gen. 4:4

c Matt. 23:35

d Gen. 5:25

e Gen. 6:13

f Gen. 12:4

g Gen. 17:19

Gen. 21:2

1 Now 1faith is the grounds of things which are hoped for, and the evidence of things which are not seen. 2 1For by it our 2elders were well reported of.

2 Rule or govern. 10:32 1 As he terrified the fallers away from God so doth he now comfort them that are constant and stand strongly setting before them the success of their former fights, so stirring them up to a sure hope of a full and ready victory. 10:33 1 You were brought forth to be ashamed. 2 In taking their miseries, to be your miseries. 10:34 1 Goods and riches. 10:37 1 He will come within this very little while. 10:38 1 He commendeth the excellency of a sure faith by the effect, because it is the only way to life, which sentence he setteth forth and amplifieth by setting the contrary against it. 11:1 1 An excellent description of faith by the effects, because it rep­ resenteth things which are but yet in hope, and setteth as it were before our eyes things that are invisible. 11:2 1 He showeth that the Fathers ought to be accounted of, by this virtue. 2 That is, those Fathers of whom we came: and whose authority

and example ought to move us very much. 11:3 1 He showeth the propriety of faith, by setting unto us most piked examples of such as from the beginning of the world excelled in the Church. 2 So that the world which we see, was not made of any matter that appeared or was before, but of nothing. 11:4 1 Abel. 11:5 1 Enoch. 2 That he should not die. 11:6 1 This reward is not referred to our merits, but to the free promise, as Paul teacheth in Abraham the father of all the faithful, Rom. 4:4. 11:7 1 Noah. 11:8 1 Abraham and Sarah. 11:10 1 This foundation is set against their tabernacle. 11:12 1 As unlikely to bear children, as if she had been stark dead. 11:13 1 In faith, which they had while they lived, and followed them even to their grave.

Hebrews 11:14 1272

2promises, but saw them afar off, and believed them, and 3received them thankfully, and confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth. 14 For they that say such things, declare plainly, that they seek a country. 15 And if they had been mindful of that country, from whence they came out, they had leisure to have returned. 16 But now they desire a better, that is an heavenly: wherefore God is not ashamed of them to be called their God: for he hath prepared for them a city. 17 By faith hAbraham offered up Isaac, when he was 1tried, and he that had received the 2promises, offered his only begotten son. 18 (To whom it was said, iIn Isaac shall thy seed be called.) 19 For he considered that God was able to raise him up even from the dead: from 1whence he received him also after 2a sort. 20 1By faith jIsaac blessed Jacob and Esau, concerning things to come. 21 1By faith kJacob when he was a dying, blessed both the sons of Joseph, and lleaning on the end of his staff, worshipped God. 22 1By faith mJoseph when he died, made mention of the departing of the children of Israel, and gave commandment of his bones. 23 n,1 By faith Moses when he was born, was hid three months of his parents, because they saw he was a proper child, neither 2feared they the king's ocommandment. 24 By faith pMoses when he was come to age, refused to be called the son of Pharaoh's daughter, 25 And chose rather to suffer adversity with the people of God, than to enjoy the 1pleasures of sin for a season, 26 Esteeming the rebuke of Christ greater riches, than the treasures of Egypt: for he had respect unto

the recompense of the reward. 27 By faith he forsook Egypt, and feared not the fierceness of the king: for he endured, as he that saw him which is invisible. 28 Through faith he ordained the qPassover and the effusion of blood, lest he that destroyed the first born, should touch them. 29 1By faith they rpassed through the red sea as by dry land, which when the Egyptians had assayed to do, they were swallowed up. 30 1By faith the swalls of Jericho fell down after they were compassed about seven days. 31 1By faith the 2harlot tRahab perished not with them which obeyed not, when ushe had received the spies 3peaceably. 32 1And what shall I more say? for the time would be too short for me to tell of vGideon, of wBarak, and of xSamson, and of yJephthah, also of David, and Samuel, and of the Prophets: 33 Which through faith subdued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained the 1promises, stopped the mouths of lions, 34 Quenched the violence of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, of weak were made strong, waxed valiant in battle, turned to flight the armies of the aliens. 35 The 1women received their dead raised to life: others also were 2racked, and would not be delivered, that they might receive a better resurrection. 36 And others have been tried by mockings and scourgings, yea, moreover by bonds, and imprisonment. 37 They were stoned, they were hewn asunder, they were tempted, they were slain with the sword, they wandered up and down in 1sheep's skins, and in goats' skins, being destitute, afflicted, and tormented: 38 Whom the world was not worthy of: they wandered in wildernesses and mountains, and dens, and caves of the earth. 39 1And these all through faith obtained good

h Gen. 22:10

i Gen. 21:12

Rom. 9:7

j Gen. 27:28,39

k Gen. 48:15

l Gen. 47:31

m Gen. 50:25

n Exod. 2:2

Acts 7:22

o Exod. 1:16

p Exod. 2:11

q Exod. 12:27

r Exod. 14:21

s Josh. 6:20

t Josh. 6:23

u Josh. 2:1

v Judg. 6:11

w Judg. 4:6

x Judg. 13:24

y Judg. 11:1

Judg. 12:7

11:13 2 This is the figure Metonymy, for the things promised. 3 For the Patriarchs were wont when they received the promises, to profess their religion, by building of altars, and calling on the name of the Lord. 11:17 1 Tried of the Lord. 2 Although the promises of life were made in that only begot­ ten Son Isaac, yet he appointed him to die, and so against hope he believed in hope. 11:19 1 From which death. 2 For there was not the true and very death of Isaac, but as it were the death, by means whereof he seemed also as it were to have risen again. 11:20 1 Isaac. 11:21 1 Jacob. 11:22 1 Joseph. 11:23 1 Moses. 2 They were not afraid to bring him up. 11:25 1 Such pleasures as he could not enjoy, but he must needs provoke God's wrath against him.

11:29 1 The red sea. 11:30 1 Jericho. 11:31 1 Rahab. 2 A notable example of God's goodness. 3 Courteously and friendly, so that she did not only not hurt them, but also kept them safe. 11:32 1 Gideon, Barak and other Judges and Prophets. 11:33 1 The fruit of the promises. 11:35 1 He seemeth to mean the story of that woman of Zarephath, whose son Elijah raised again from death, and the Shunammite, whose son Elisha restored to his mother. 2 He meaneth that persecution which Antiochus wrought. 11:37 1 In vile and rough clothing, so were the saints brought to extreme poverty, and constrained to live like beasts in wildernesses. 11:39 1 An amplification taken of the circumstance of the time: their faith is so much the more to be marveled at, by how much the prom­ ises of things to come were more dark, yet at length were indeed exhibited to us, so that their faith and ours is as one, as is also their consecration and ours.

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father chasteneth not? 8 If therefore ye be without correction, whereof all are partakers, then are ye bastards, and not sons. 9 1Moreover we have had the fathers of our bodies which corrected us, and we gave them reverence: should we not much rather be in subjection unto the father of spirits, that we might live? 10 1For they verily for a few days chastened us after their own pleasure, but he chastened us for our profit, that we might be partakers of his holiness. 11 Now no chastising for the present seemeth to be joyous, but grievous: but afterward, it bringeth the quiet fruit of righteousness, unto them which are thereby exercised. 12 1Wherefore lift up your hands which 2hang down, and your weak knees, 13 And make 1straight steps unto your feet, lest that which is halting, be turned out of the way, but let it rather be healed. 14 c,1Follow peace with all men, and holiness, without the which no man shall see the Lord. 15 1Take heed, that no man fall away from the grace of God: let no 2root of bitterness spring up and trouble you, lest thereby many be defiled. 16 1Let there be no fornicator, or profane person as dEsau, which for one portion of meat sold his birthright. 17 eFor ye know how that afterward also when he would have inherited the blessing, he was rejected: for he found no 1place to repentance, though he sought that blessing with tears. 18 1For ye are not come unto the fmount that might

report, and received 2not the promise, 40 God providing a better thing for us, that they 1without us should not be made perfect. 12 1 He doth not only by the examples of the Fathers before recited, exhort them to patience and constancy, 3 but also by the example of Christ. 11 That the chastenings of God cannot be rightly judged by the outward sense of our flesh.

chapter 12

a Rom. 6:4

Col. 3:8 Eph. 4:24 1 Pet. 2:1

b Prov. 3:11

c Rom. 12:18

d Gen. 25:33

e Gen. 27:38

f Exod. 19:16

1 Wherefore, a,1let us also, seeing that we are compassed with so great a cloud of witnesses, cast away everything that presseth down, and the sin that 2hangeth so fast on: let us run with patience the race that is set before us, 2 1,2Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith, who for the 3joy that was set before him, endured the cross, and despised the shame, and is set at the right hand of the throne of God. 3 1Consider therefore him that endureth such speaking against of sinners, lest ye should be wearied and faint in your minds. 4 1Ye have not yet resisted unto blood, striving against sin. 5 1And ye have forgotten the consolation, which speaketh unto you as unto children, bMy son, despise not the chastening of the Lord, neither faint when thou art rebuked of him. 6 For whom the Lord loveth, he chasteneth: and he scourgeth every son that he receiveth. 7 If ye endure chastening, God offered himself unto you as unto sons: for what son is it whom the

2 But saw Christ afar off. 11:40 1 For their salvation did hang upon Christ, who was exhibited in our days. 12:1 1 An applying of the former examples, whereby we ought to be stirred up to run the whole race, casting away all stops and impediments. 2 For sin besiegeth us on all sides, so that we cannot escape out. 12:2 1 He setteth before us, as the mark of this race, Jesus himself our captain, who willingly overcame all the roughness of the same way. 2 As it were upon the mark of our faith. 3 Whereas he had all kind of blessedness in his hand and power, yet suffered willingly the ignominy of the cross. 12:3 1 An amplification taken of the circumstance of the person, and the things themselves, which he compareth betwixt themselves: for how great is Jesus in comparison of us, and how far more grievous things did he suffer than we? 12:4 1 He taketh an argument of the profit which cometh to us by God's chastisements, unless we be in fault. First of all because sin, or that rebellious wickedness of our flesh, is by this means turned. 12:5 1 Secondly, because they are testimony of his fatherly good will toward us, insomuch that they show themselves to be bastards, which cannot abide to be chastened of God. 12:9 1 Thirdly, if all men yield this right to fathers, to whom next after God we owe this life, that they may rightfully correct their children, shall we not be much more subject to that our Father, who is the Author of the spiritual and everlasting life?

12:10 1 An amplification of the same argument: Those fathers have corrected us after their fancy, for some frail and transitory profit: but God chasteneth and instructeth us for our singular profit, to make us partakers of his holiness: which thing although these our senses do not presently perceive, yet the end of the matter proveth it. 12:12 1 The conclusion, we must go forward courageously and keep always a right course, and (as far forth as we may) without any stag­ gering or stumbling. 2 The description of a man that is out of heart and clean discouraged. 12:13 1 Keep a right course, and so, that you show example of good life for others to follow. 12:14 1 We must live in peace, and holiness with all men. 12:15 1 We must study to edify one another, both in doctrine and example of life. 2 That no heresy, or backsliding be an offense. 12:16 1 We must eschew fornication, and a profane mind, that is, such a mind, as giveth not to God his due honor, which wickedness how severely God will at length punish, the horrible example of Esau teacheth us. 12:17 1 There was no place left for his repentance: and it appeareth by the effects, what his repentance was, for when he was gone out of his father's sight, he threatened his brother to kill him. 12:18 1 Now he applieth the same exhortation, to the Prophetical and kingly office of Christ compared with Moses, after this sort, If the maj­ esty of the Law was so great, how great think you that the glory of Christ and the Gospel is? And this comparison he declareth also particularly.

Hebrews 12:19 1274

be 2touched, nor unto burning fire, nor to blackness and darkness, and tempest, 19 Neither unto the sound of a trumpet, and the voice of words, which they that heard it, excused themselves, gthat the word should not be spoken to them any more. 20 (For they were not able to abide that which was commanded, hyea, though a beast touch the mountain, it shall be stoned, or thrust through with a dart: 21 And so terrible was the 1sight which appeared, that Moses said, I fear and quake.) 22 But ye are come unto the mount Sion, and to the city of the living God, the celestial Jerusalem, and to the company of innumerable Angels. 23 And to the assembly and congregation of the first born, which are written in heaven, and to God the judge of all, and to the spirits of just and 1perfect men, 24 And to Jesus the Mediator of the new Testament, and to the blood of sprinkling that speaketh better things than that of Abel. 25 1See that ye despise not him that speaketh: for if they escaped not which refused him, that spake on earth: much more shall we not escape, if we turn away from him that speaketh from heaven. 26 1Whose voice then shook the earth, and now hath declared, saying, iYet 2once more will I shake, not the earth only, but also heaven. 27 And this word, Yet once more, signifieth the removing of those things which are shaken, as of things which are made with hands, that the things which are not shaken, may remain. 28 1Wherefore seeing we receive a kingdom, which

cannot be shaken, let us have grace whereby we may so serve God, that we may please him with 2reverence and 3fear. 29 For jeven our God is a consuming fire. 13 1 He giveth good lessons not only for manners, 7 but also for doctrine.

g Exod. 20:19

h Exod. 19:12

i Hag. 2:7

j Deut. 4:24

chapter 13

a Rom. 12:10

b 1 Pet. 4:9

c Gen. 18:3

1 Let a,1brotherly love continue. 2 bBe not forgetful to entertain strangers: for thereby some have creceived Angels into their houses unawares. 3 Remember them that are in bonds, as though ye were bound with them: and them that are in affliction, as 1if ye were also afflicted in the body. 4 1Marriage is honorable among all, and the bed undefiled: but whoremongers and adulterers God will judge. 5 1Let your conversation be without covetousness, and be content with those things that ye have, for 2he hath said, 6 dI will not fail thee, neither forsake thee: 7 So that we may boldly say, eThe Lord is mine helper, neither will I fear what 1man can do unto me. 8 1Remember them which have the oversight of you, which have declared unto you the word of God: whose faith follow, considering what hath been the end of their conversation. 2Jesus Christ yesterday, and today, the same also is forever. 9 Be not carried about with divers and strange doctrines: 1for it is a good thing that the heart be stablished with grace, and not with 2meats, which have not profited them that have been 3occupied therein.

Gen. 19:3

d Josh. 1:5

e Ps. 118:6

12:18 2 Which might be touched with hands, which was of a gross and earthly matter. 12:21 1 The shape and form which he saw, which was no counterfeit and forged shape, but a true one. 12:23 1 So he calleth them that are taken up into heaven, although one part of them sleep in the earth. 12:25 1 The applying of the former comparison, If it were not lawful to contemn his word which spake on the earth, how much less his voice which is from heaven? 12:26 1 He compareth the steadfast majesty of the Gospel, where­ with the whole world was shaken, and even the very frame of heaven was as it were astonished, with the small and vanishing sound of the governance by the Law. 2 It appeareth evidently in this that the Prophet speaketh of the calling of the Gentiles, that these words must be referred to the king­ dom of Christ. 12:28 1 A general exhortation to live reverently and religiously under the most happy subjection of so mighty a king, who as he blesseth his most mightily, so doth he most severely revenge the rebellious. And this is the sum of a Christian life, respecting the first table. 2 By reverence is meant that honest shamefastness which keepeth them in their duties. 3 Religious and godly fear.

13:1 1 He cometh to the second table, the sum whereof is charity, especially toward strangers and such as are afflicted. 13:3 1 Be so much touched, as if their misery were yours. 13:4 1 He commendeth chaste matrimony in all sorts of men, and threateneth utter destruction from God, against whoremongers and adulterers. 13:5 1 Covetousness is condemned, against which is set a contented mind with that which the Lord hath given. 2 Even the Lord himself. 13:7 1 He setteth man against God. 13:8 1 We have to set before us the examples of valiant Captains, whom we ought diligently to follow. 2 He repeateth the sum of the doctrine, to wit, the only ground of all precepts of manners, and that is this: That we ought to quiet and content ourselves in Christ only: for there was yet never any man saved without the knowledge of him, neither is at this day saved, neither shall be saved hereafter. 13:9 1 He toucheth them which mixed an external worship, and especially the difference of meats, with the Gospel, which doctrine he plainly condemneth as clean repugnant to the benefit of Christ. 2 By this one kind which concerneth the difference of clean and unclean meats, we have to understand all the ceremonial worship. 3 Which observed the difference of them superstitiously.

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10 1We have an 2altar, whereof they have no authority to eat, which 3serve in the Tabernacle. 11 fFor the bodies of those beasts whose blood is brought into the holy place by the high Priest for sin, are burnt without the camp. 12 Therefore even Jesus, that he might sanctify the people with his own blood, suffered without the gate. 13 1Let us go forth to him therefore out of the camp, bearing his reproach. 14 gFor here have we no continuing city: but we seek one to come. 15 1Let us therefore by him offer the sacrifice of praise always to God, that is, the hfruit of the lips, which confess his Name. 16 To do good, and to distribute forget not: for with such sacrifices God is pleased. 17 1Obey them that have the oversight of you, and submit yourselves: for they watch for your souls, as they that must give accounts, that they may do it with joy, and not with grief: for that is unprofitable for you.

18 1Pray for us, for we are assured that we have a good conscience in all things, desiring to live honestly. 19 And I desire you somewhat the more earnestly, that ye so do, that I may be restored to you more quickly. 20 The God of peace that brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus, the great shepherd of the sheep, through the blood of the everlasting Covenant, 21 Make you 1perfect in all good works, to do his will, 2working in you that which is pleasant in his sight through Jesus Christ, to whom be praise forever and ever, Amen. 22 I beseech you also, brethren, suffer the words of exhortation: for I have written unto you in few words. 23 Know that our brother Timothy is delivered, with whom (if he come shortly) I will see you. 24 Salute all them that have the oversight of you, and all the Saints. They of Italy salute you. 25 Grace be with you all, Amen.

f Lev. 4:11

Lev. 6:30 Lev. 16:17

g Mic. 2:10

h Hos. 14:3

¶ Written to the Hebrews from Italy,

and sent by Timothy.

13:10 1 He refuteth their error by an apt and fit comparison. They which in times past served the Tabernacle, did not eat of the sacri­ fices whose blood was brought for sin into the holy place by the high Priest. Moreover these sacrifices did represent Christ our offering. Therefore they cannot be partakers of him which serve the Taber­ nacle, that is, such as stand in the service of the Law: but let not us be ashamed to follow him out of Jerusalem, from whence he was cast out and suffered: for in this also Christ, who is the truth, answereth that figure, in that he suffered without the gate. 2 By the Altar, he meaneth the offering. 3 Whereof they cannot be partakers which stubbornly retain the rites of the Law. 13:13 1 He goeth on further in this comparison, and showeth that this also signified unto us, that the godly followers of Christ must as it were go out of the world, bearing his cross.

13:15 1 Now that those corporal sacrifices are taken away, he teacheth us that the true sacrifices of confession remain, which consist partly in giving of thanks, and partly in liberality, with which sacrifices indeed God is now delighted. 13:17 1 We must obey the warnings and admonitions of our Minis­ ters and Elders, which watch for the salvation of the souls which are committed unto them. 13:18 1 The last part of this Epistle, wherein he commendeth his min­ istry to the Hebrews, and wisheth them continuance and increase of graces from the Lord: and excuseth himself in that he hath used but few words to comfort them, having spent the Epistle in disputing: and saluteth certain brethren familiarly and friendly. 13:21 1 Make you fit or meet. 2 Hence cometh that saying of the Fathers, that God crowneth his works in us.

T h e 1g e n e r a l e p i s t l e o f

j a m e s

1 4 He entreateth of patience, 6 of faith, 10 and of lowliness of mind in rich men. 13 That tentations come not of God for our evil, 17 because he is the author of all goodness. 21 In what manner the word of life must be received.

the wind, and carried away. 7 Neither let that man think that he shall receive anything of the Lord. 8 A double minded man is unstable in 1all his ways. 9 1Let the brother of 2low degree rejoice in that he is exalted: 10 1Again, he that is 2rich, in that he is made low: 3for as the flower of the grass, shall he cvanish away. 11 For as when the sun riseth with heat, then the grass withereth, and his flower falleth away, and the goodly shape of it perisheth: even so shall the rich man wither away in all his 1ways. 12 1,dBlessed is the man, that endureth 2tentation: for when he is tried, he shall receive the crown of life, which the Lord hath promised to them that love him. 13 1Let no man say when he is 2tempted, I am tempted of God: 3for God cannot be tempted with

chapter 1

a Rom. 5:3

b Matt. 7:7 Mark 11:24

Luke 11:9 John 14:13 John 16:23

c Isa. 40:6 1 Pet. 2:24

1 James a servant of God, and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve Tribes, which are 1scattered abroad, salutation. 2 1My brethren, 2count it exceeding joy, 3when ye fall into divers tentations, 3 a,1Knowing that the 2trying of your faith bringeth forth patience, 4 1And let patience have her perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, lacking nothing. 5 1If any of you lack 2wisdom, let him ask of God, which giveth to all men liberally, and reproacheth no man, and it shall be given him. 6 bBut let him ask in faith, and 1waver not: 2for he that wavereth, is like a wave of the sea, tossed of

d Job 5:17

Title 1 That is, written to no one man, city or country, but to all the Jews generally, being now dispersed. 1:1 1 To all the believing Jews, of what Tribe soever they be, and are dispersed through the whole world. 1:2 1 The first place or part touching comfort in afflictions, wherein we ought not be cast down and be fainthearted, but rather rejoice and be glad. 2 Seeing their condition was miserable in that scattering abroad, he doth well to begin as he doth. 3 The first argument, because our faith is tried through afflictions: which ought to be most pure, for so it is behoovable for us. 1:3 1 The second, Because patience, far passing and most excellent virtue, is by this means engendered in us. 2 That wherewith your faith is tried, to wit, those manifold temp­ tations. 1:4 1 The third argument propounded in manner of an exhortation, that true and continual patience may be discerned from fained and for a time. The cross is as it were the instrument wherewith God doth polish and [re]fine us. Therefore the work and effect of afflictions, is the perfecting of us in Christ. 1:5 1 An answer to a privy objection: It is easily said, but it is not so easily done. He answereth that we need in this case a far other man­ ner of wisdom, than the wisdom of man, to judge those things best for us, which are most contrary to the flesh: but yet we shall easily obtain this gift of wisdom, if we ask it rightly, that is, with a sure con­ fidence of God, who is most bountiful and liberal. 2 By wisdom he meaneth the knowledge of that doctrine whereof mention was made before, to wit, wherefore we are afflicted of God, and what fruit we have to reap of affliction. 1:6 1 Why then what need other Mediator? 2 A digression or going aside from his matter, against prayers

which are conceived with a doubting mind, whereas we have a cer­ tain promise of God, and this is that second part of the Epistle. 1:8 1 In all his thoughts and his deeds. 1:9 1 He returneth to his purpose, repeating the proposition, which is, that we must rejoice in the cross, for it doth not press us down, but exalt us. 2 Who is afflicted with poverty, or contempt, or with any kind of calamity. 1:10 1 Before he concludeth, he giveth a doctrine contrary to the former: to wit, how we ought to use prosperity, which is plenty of all things: to wit, so that no man therefore please himself, but be so much the more void of pride. 2 Who hath all things at his will. 3 An argument taken of the very nature of the things themselves, for that they are most vain and uncertain. 1:11 1 Whatsoever he either purposeth in his mind, or doeth. 1:12 1 The conclusion: Therefore we must patiently bear the cross: and he addeth a fourth argument, which comprehendeth the sum of all the former, to wit, because we come by this way to the crown of life, but yet of grace according to the promise. 2 Affliction whereby the Lord trieth him. 1:13 1 The third part of this Epistle, wherein he descendeth from outward tentations, that is, from afflictions, whereby God trieth us, to inward, that is, to those lusts whereby we are stirred up to do evil. The sum is this: Every man is the author of these temptations to himself, and not God: for we bear about in our bosoms that wicked corrup­ tion, which taketh occasions by what means soever, to stir up evil motions in us, whence out at length proceed wicked doing, and in conclusion followeth death the just reward of them. 2 When he is provoked to do evil. 3 Here is a reason showed, why God cannot be the author of evil doing in us, because he desireth not evil.

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evil, neither tempteth he any man. 14 But every man is tempted, when he is drawn away by his own concupiscence, and is enticed. 15 Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth 1sin, and sin when it is finished, bringeth forth death. 16 1Err not my dear brethren. 17 Every good giving and every perfect gift is from above, and cometh down from the 1Father of lights, with whom is no variableness, neither 2shadow of turning. 18 1Of his own 2will begat he us with the word of truth, that we should be as the 3firstfruits of his creatures. 19 Wherefore my dear brethren, let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, and slow to wrath. 20 For the wrath of man doth not accomplish the 1righteousness of God. 21 Wherefore lay apart all filthiness, and superfluity of maliciousness, and receive with 1meekness the word that is grafted in you, which is able to save your souls. 22 e,1And be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, 2deceiving your own selves. 23 1For if any hear the word, and do it not, he is like unto a man, that beholdeth his 2natural face in a glass. 24 For when he hath considered himself, he goeth his way, and forgetteth immediately what manner of one he was. 25 But who so looketh in the perfect law of liberty,

and continueth therein, he not being a forgetful hearer, but a doer of the work, shall be blessed in his 1deed. 26 1If any man among you seem religious, and refraineth not his tongue, but deceiveth his 2own heart, this man's religion is vain. 27 1Pure religion and undefiled before God, even the Father, is this, to 2visit the fatherless, and widows in their adversity, and to keep himself unspotted of the world. 2 1 He sayeth, that to have respect of persons is not agreeable to Christ's faith, 14 which to profess in words is not enough, unless 15 we show it also in deeds of mercy and charity, 21 after the example of Abraham.

e Matt. 7:21

Rom. 2:13

chapter 2

a Lev. 9:15

Deut. 1:17 Deut. 16:29

Prov. 24:23

1 My 1brethren, have not the faith of our 2glorious Lord Jesus Christ ain respect of persons. 2 For if there come into your company a man with a gold ring, and in goodly apparel, and there come in also a poor man in vile raiment, 3 And ye have a respect to him that weareth the gay clothing; and say unto him, Sit thou here in a 1goodly place, and say unto the poor, Stand thou there, or sit here under my footstool, 4 Are ye not partial in 1your selves, and are become Judges of evil thoughts? 5 1Hearken my beloved brethren, hath not God chosen the 2poor of this world, that they should be rich in faith, and heirs of the kingdom which he

1:15 1 By sin is meant in this place actual sin. 1:16 1 Another reason taken of contraries: God is the author of all goodness, and so, that he is always like himself; how then can he be thought to be author of evil? 1:17 1 From him who is the fountain and author of all goodness. 2 He goeth on in the metaphor: for the sun by his manifold and sundry kinds of turning, maketh hours, days, months, years, light and darkness. 1:18 1 The fourth part concerning the excellency and fruit of the word of God. The sum is this: we must hear the word of God most carefully and diligently, seeing it is the seed, wherewith God of his free favor and love hath begotten us unto himself, picking us out of the number of his creatures. And the Apostle condemneth two faults, which do greatly trouble us in this matter, to wit, for that we so please ourselves, that we had rather speak ourselves than hear God speaking: yea, we snuff and are angry when we are reprehended: against which faults, he setteth a peaceable and quiet mind, and such an one as is desirous of purity. 2 This is it which Paul calleth gracious favor, and good will, which is the fountain of our salvation. 3 As it were an holy kind of offering, taken out of the residue of man. 1:20 1 That which God appointeth. 1:21 1 By meekness, he meaneth modesty, and whatsoever is con­ trary to an haughty and proud stomach. 1:22 1 Another admonition. Therefore is God's word heard, that we may frame our lives according to the prescript thereof. 2 He addeth reasons, and those most weighty: first, because they that do otherwise, do very much hurt themselves.

1:23 1 Secondly, because they lose the chiefest use of God's word, which correct not by it the faults that they know. 2 He alludeth to that natural spot, to which is contrary that purity whereunto we are born again, the lively image whereof we behold in the Law. 1:25 1 Behaving himself so: for works do show faith. 1:26 1 The third admonition: The word of God prescribeth a rule not only to do well, but also to speak well. 2 The fountain of all brabbling, and cursed speaking, and sauci­ ness, is this, that men know not themselves. 1:27 1 The fourth: the true service of God standeth in charity toward our neighbors (especially such as need others' help, as the fatherless and widows), and purity of life. 2 To have a care of them, and to help them as much as we can. 2:1 1 The fifth: Charity which proceedeth from a true faith, cannot stand with the accepting of persons: which he proveth plainly by setting forth their example, who with the reproach or disdain of the poor, honor the rich. 2 For if we knew what Christ's glory is, and esteemed it as we ought to do, there would not be such respect of persons as there is. 2:3 1 In a worshipful and honorable place. 2:4 1 Have ye not (which you ought not to do) by this means with yourselves judged one man to be preferred before another? 2:5 1 He showeth that they are perverse and naughty Judges, which prefer the rich before the poor, by that that God on the contrary side preferreth the poor, whom he hath enriched with true riches, before the rich. 2 The needy and wretched, and (if we measure it after the opinion of the world) the veriest abjects of all men.

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promised to them that love him? 6 But ye have despised the poor. 1Do not the rich oppress you by tyranny, and do they not draw you before the judgment seats? 7 Do not they blaspheme the worthy Name after which ye be 1named? 8 1But if ye fulfill the 2royal Law according to the Scripture, which saith, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself, ye do well. 9 But if ye regard the persons, ye commit sin, and are rebuked of the Law, as transgressors. 10 1For whosoever shall keep the whole Law, and yet faileth in one point, he is guilty of 2all. 11 1For he that said, Thou shalt not commit adultery, said also, Thou shalt not kill. Now though thou doest none adultery, yet if thou killest, thou art a transgressor of the Law. 12 1So speak ye, and so do, as they that shall be judgeth by the Law of liberty. 13 For there shall be condemnation merciless to him that showeth not 1mercy, and mercy rejoiceth against condemnation. 14 1What availeth it my brethren, though a man saith, he hath faith, when he hath no works? can that faith save him? 15 1For if a brother or a sister be naked and des-

titute of daily food, 16 And one of you say unto them, Depart in peace: warm yourselves, and fill your bellies, notwithstanding ye give them not those things, which are needful to the body, what helpeth it? 17 Even so the faith, if it have no works, is dead in itself. 18 But 1some man might say, Thou hast the faith, and I have works: show me thy faith out of thy works, and I will show thee my faith by my works. 19 1Thou believest that there is one God: thou doest well: the devils also believe it, and tremble. 20 1But wilt thou understand, O thou vain man, that the faith which is without works, is dead? 21 Was not Abraham our father 1justified through works, bwhen he offered Isaac his son upon the altar? 22 Seest thou not that the faith 1wrought with his works? and through the works was the faith made 2perfect. 23 And the Scripture was 1fulfilled which saith, cAbraham believed God, and it was imputed unto him for righteousness: and he was called the friend of God. 24 1Ye see then how that of works a man is 2justified, and not of 3faith only.

b Gen. 22:10

c Gen. 15:6

Rom. 4:3

Gal. 3:6

2:6 1 Secondly, he proveth them to be mad men: for that the rich men are rather to be holden execrable and cursed, considering that they persecute the Church, and blaspheme Christ: for he speaketh of wicked and profane rich men, such as the most part of them have been always, against whom he setteth the poor and abject. 2:7 1 Word for word, which is called upon of you. 2:8 1 The conclusion: Charity which God prescribeth cannot agree with the accepting of persons, seeing that we must walk in the King's highway. 2 The Law is said to be royal and like the King's highway, for that it is plain and without turnings, and that the Law calleth everyone our neighbor, without respect, whom we may help by any kind of duty. 2:10 1 A new argument to prove the same conclusion: They do not love their neighbors, which neglect some, and ambitiously honor others: for he doth not obey God, which cutteth off from the com­ mandments of God that that is not so commodious for him, nay he is rather guilty generally for the breach of the whole Law, although he observe the residue. 2 Not that all sins are equal, but because he that breaketh one tittle of the Law, offendeth the majesty of the Lawgiver. 2:11 1 A proof: because the Lawmaker is always one and the self­ same, and the body of the Law cannot be divided. 2:12 1 The conclusion of the whole treatise: we are upon this condi­ tion delivered from the curse of the Law by the mercy of God, that in like sort we should maintain and cherish charity and goodwill one towards another, and whoso doth not so, shall not taste of the grace of God. 2:13 1 He that is hard and currish against his neighbor, or else help­ eth him not, he shall find God an hard and rough Judge to himself­ ward. 2:14 1 The fifth place which hangeth very well with the former trea­

tise, touching a true and lively faith. And the proposition of this place is this: faith which bringeth not forth works, is not that faith whereby we are justified, but an image of faith: or else this, they are not justi­ fied by faith, which show not the effects of faith. 2:15 1 The first reason taken of a similitude: If a man say to one that is hungry, Fill thy belly, and yet giveth him nothing, this shall not be true charity: so if a man say he believeth, and bringeth forth no works of his faith, this shall not be a true faith, but a certain dead thing set out with the name of faith, whereof no man hath to brag, unless he will openly incur reprehension, seeing that the cause is understood by the effects. 2:18 1 Nay, thus may every man beat down the pride. 2:19 1 Another reason taken of an absurdity: If such a faith were the true faith whereby we are justified, the devils should be justified: for they have that, but yet notwithstanding they tremble, and are not justified therefore, neither is that faith a true faith. 2:20 1 The third reason from the example of Abraham, who no doubt had a true faith: but he in offering his son, showed himself to have that faith which was not void of works, and therefore he received a true testimony when it was said, that faith was imputed to him for righteousness. 2:21 1 Was he not by his works known and found to be justified? for he speaketh not here of the causes of justification, but by what effects we may know that a man is justified. 2:22 1 Was effectual and fruitful with good works. 2 That the faith was declared to be a true faith, and that by works. 2:23 1 Then was the Scripture fulfilled, when it appeared plainly, how truly it was written of Abraham. 2:24 1 The conclusion: he is only justified that hath that faith which hath works following it. 2 Is proved to be just. 3 Of that dead and fruitless faith which you boast of.

1279 james 3:18

25 1Likewise also was not dRahab the harlot justified through works, when she had received the messengers, and sent them out another way? 26 1For as the body without the spirit is dead, even so the faith without works is dead. 3 2 To show that a Christian man must govern his tongue with the bridle of faith and charity, 6 he declareth the commodities and mischiefs that ensue thereof: 15 and how much man's wisdom 17 differeth from heavenly.

8 But the tongue can no man tame. It is an unruly evil, full of deadly poison. 9 1Therewith bless we God even the Father, and therewith curse we men, which are made after the 2similitude of God. 10 1Out of one mouth proceedeth blessing and cursing: my brethren, these things ought not so to be. 11 Doth a fountain send forth at one place sweet water and bitter? 12 Can the fig tree, my brethren, bring forth olives, either a vine figs? so can no fountain make both salt water and sweet. 13 1Who is a wise man and endued with knowledge among you? let him show by good conversation his works in meekness of wisdom. 14 But if ye have bitter envying and strife in your hearts, rejoice not, neither be liars against the truth. 15 This wisdom descendeth not from above, but is earthly, sensual, and devilish. 16 For where envying and strife is, there is sedition, and all manner of evil works. 17 But the wisdom that is from above, is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, easy to be entreated, full of

d Josh. 2:1

1 My 1brethren, be not many masters, 2knowing that we 3shall receive the greater condemnation. 2 For in many things we 1sin all. 2If any man sin not in word, he is a perfect man, and able to bridle all the body. 3 1Behold, we put bits into the horses' mouths, that they should obey us, and we turn about all their body. 4 Behold also the ships, which though they be so great, and are driven of fierce winds, yet are they turned about with a very small rudder, whithersoever the governor listeth. 5 Even so the tongue is a little member, and boasteth of great things: 1behold, how great a thing a little fire kindleth. 6 And the tongue is fire, yea, a 1world of wickedness: so is the tongue set among our members, that it defileth the whole body, and 2setteth on fire the course of nature, and it is set on fire of hell. 7 For the whole nature of beasts, and of birds, and of creeping things, and things of the sea is tamed, and hath been tamed of the nature of man.

1mercy and good fruits, without judging, and without hypocrisy. 18 1And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace, of them that make peace. 4 1 He reckoneth up the mischiefs that proceed of the works of the flesh. 7 He exhorteth to humility, 8 and to purge the heart 3 from pride, 10 backbiting, 14 and the forgetfulness of our own infirmity.

2:25 1 A fourth reason taken from a like example of Rahab the harlot, who also proved by her works that she was justified by a true faith. 2:26 1 The conclusion repeated again: faith which bringeth not forth fruits and works, is not faith, but a dead carcass. 3:1 1 The sixth part or place: Let no man usurp (as most men ambi­ tiously do) authority to judge and censure others righteously. 2 A reason: Because they provoke God's severity against them­ selves, which do so curiously and rigorously condemn others, being themselves guilty and faulty. 3 Unless we surcease from this masterlike and proud finding fault with others. 3:2 1 Or, stumble. 2 The seventh place, touching the bridling of the tongue, joined with the former, so that it is manifest that there is no man which may not justly be found fault withal, seeing it is a rare virtue to bridle the tongue. 3:3 1 He showeth by two similitudes the one taken from the bridles of horses, the other from the rudders of ships, how great matters may be brought to pass by the good moderation of the tongue. 3:5 1 On the contrary part he showeth how great discommodities arise by the intemperance of the tongue, throughout the whole world, to the end that men may so much the more diligently give themselves to moderate it. 3:6 1 An heap of all mischiefs. 2 It is able to set the whole world on fire.

3:9 1 Amongst other faults of the tongue, the Apostle chiefly reproveth backbiting and speaking evil of our neighbors, even in them especially which otherwise will seem godly and religious. 2 He denieth by two reasons, that God can be praised by that man, that useth cursed speaking, or to backbite: first because man is the image of God, which whosoever reverenceth not doth not honor God himself. 3:10 1 Secondly, because the order of nature which God hath set in things, will not suffer things that are so contrary the one to the other, to stand the one with the other. 3:13 1 The eighth part which hangeth with the former, touching meekness of mind, against which he setteth envy and a conten­ tious mind. And in the beginning he stoppeth the mouth of the chief fountain of all these mischiefs, to wit, a false persuasion of wis­ dom, whereas notwithstanding there is no true wisdom, but that is heavenly, and frameth our minds to all kinds of true moderation and simplicity. 3:17 1 He setteth mercy against the fierce and cruel nature of man, and showeth that heavenly wisdom bringeth forth good fruits, for he that is heavenly wise, referreth all things to God's glory, and the profit of his neighbor. 3:18 1 Because the world persuadeth itself that they are miserable which live peaceably and simply, on the contrary side the Apostle pronounceth that they shall at the length reap the harvest of peace­ able righteousness.

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and to destroy, dWho art thou that judgest another man? 13 1Go to now, ye that say, Today or tomorrow we will go into such a city, and continue there a year, and buy and sell, and get gain, 14 (And yet ye cannot tell what shall be tomorrow. For what is your life? It is even a vapor that appeareth for a little time, and afterward vanisheth away.) 15 For that ye ought to say, eIf the Lord will, and if we live, we will do this or that. 16 But now ye rejoice in your boastings: all such rejoicing is evil. 17 1Therefore to him that knoweth how to do well, and doeth it not, to him it is sin. 5 1 He threateneth the rich with God's severe judgment, for their pride, 7 that the poor hearing the miserable end of the rich, 8 may patiently bear afflictions, 11 as Job did, 14 even in their distresses.

1 From 1whence are wars and contentions among you? are they not hence, even of your pleasures, that fight in your members? 2 Ye lust, and have not: ye envy, and desire immoderately, and cannot obtain: ye fight, and war, and get nothing, 1because ye ask not. 3 Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask amiss, that ye might lay the same on your pleasures. 4 1Ye adulterers and adulteresses, know ye not that the amity of the world is the enmity of God? Whosoever therefore will be a friend of the world, maketh himself the enemy of God. 5 1Do ye think that the Scripture saith in vain, The spirit that dwelleth in us, lusteth after envy? 6 But the Scripture offereth more grace, and therefore saith, aGod resisteth the proud, and giveth grace to the humble. 7 b,1Submit yourselves to God: resist the devil, and he will flee from you. 8 Draw near to God, and he will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, ye sinners, and purge your hearts, ye double minded. 9 1Suffer afflictions, and sorrow ye, and weep: let your laughter be turned into mourning, and your joy into 2heaviness. 10 cCast down yourselves before the Lord, and he will lift you up. 11 1Speak not evil one of another, brethren. He that speaketh evil of his brother, or he that condemneth his brother, speaketh evil of the Law, and condemneth the Law: and if thou condemnest the Law, thou art not an observer of the Law, but a judge. 12 There is one Lawgiver, which is able to save,

chapter 4

a Prov. 3:34

1 Pet. 5:5

b Eph. 4:27

c 1 Pet. 5:6

d Rom. 14:4

e 1 Cor. 4:19

1 Go 1to now, ye rich men: weep, and howl for your miseries that shall come upon you. 2 Your riches are corrupt, and your garments are moth eaten. 3 Your gold and silver is cankered, and the rust of them shall be a witness against you, and shall eat your flesh, as it were fire. Ye have heaped up treasure for the last days. 4 Behold, the hire of the laborers, which have reaped your fields (which is of you kept back by fraud) crieth, and the cries of them which have reaped, are entered into the 1ears of the Lord of hosts. 5 Ye have lived in pleasure on the earth, and in

4:1 1 He goeth on forward in the same argument, condemning cer­ tain other causes of wars and contentions, to wit, unbridled pleasures and immoderate lusts, by their effects, for so much as the Lord doth worthily make them void, so that they bring nothing else to them in whom they are but incurable torments. 4:2 1 He reprehendeth them by name, which are not ashamed to go about to make God the minister and helper of their lusts and plea­ sures, in asking things which either are of themselves unlawful, or being lawful, ask them to wicked purposes and uses. 4:4 1 Another reason why such unbridled lusts and pleasures are utterly to be condemned, to wit, because that he that giveth himself to the world, divorceth himself from God, and breaketh the band of that holy and spiritual marriage. 4:5 1 The taking away of an objection: Indeed our minds run head­ long into these vices, but we ought so much the more diligently take heed of them: which care and study shall not be in vain, seeing that God resists the stubborn, and giveth that grace to the modest and humble that surmounteth all those vices. 4:7 1 The conclusion: We must set the contrary virtues against those vices, and therefore whereas we obeyed the suggestions of the devil, we must submit our minds to God, and resist the devil, with a certain and assured hope of victory: To be short, we must employ ourselves to come near unto God by purity and sincerity of life. 4:9 1 He goeth on in the same comparison of contraries, and setteth against those profane joys with an earnest sorrow of mind, and

against pride and arrogance, holy modesty. 2 By this word the Greeks meant an heaviness joined with shame­ fastness, which is to be seen in a cast down countenance, and settled as it were upon the ground. 4:11 1 He reprehended most sharply another double mischief of pride: the one is in that the proud and arrogant will have other men to live according to their will and pleasure and therefore they do most arrogantly condemn whatsoever pleaseth them not: which thing cannot be done without great injury to our only Lawmaker, for by this means his Laws are found fault withal, as not circumspectly enough written, and men challenge that unto themselves which properly belongeth to God alone, in that they lay a Law upon men's consciences. 4:13 1 The other fault is this: that men do so confidently determine upon these and those matters and businesses, as though that every moment of their life did not depend of God. 4:17 1 The conclusion of all the former treatise: The knowledge of the will of God doth not only nothing at all profit, unless the life be answerable unto it, but also maketh the sins far more grievous. 5:1 1 He denounceth utter destruction to the wicked and profane rich men, and such as are drowned in their riotousness, mocking at their foolish confidence when as there is nothing indeed more vain than such things. 5:4 1 The Lord who is more mighty than ye are, hath heard them.

1281 james 5:20

wantonness. Ye have 1nourished your hearts, as in a 2day of slaughter. 6 Ye have condemned, and have killed the just, and he hath not resisted you. 7 1Be patient therefore, brethren, unto the coming of the Lord. 2Behold, the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, and hath long patience for it, until he receive the former, and the latter rain. 8 Be ye also patient therefore, and settle your hearts: for the coming of the Lord draweth near. 9 1,2Grudge not one against another, brethren, lest ye be condemned: 3behold, the judge standeth before the door. 10 1Take, my brethren, the Prophets for an example of suffering adversity, and of long patience, which have spoken in the name of the Lord. 11 Behold, we count them blessed which endure. Ye have heard of the patience of Job, and have known what 1end the Lord made. For the Lord is very pitiful and merciful. 12 1But before all things, my brethren, aswear not, neither by heaven, nor by earth, nor by any other oath: but let 2your yea, be yea, and your nay, nay, lest ye fall into condemnation.

13 1Is any among you afflicted? Let him pray. Is any merry? Let him sing. 14 1Is any sick among you? Let him call for the Elders of the Church, and let them pray for him, and anoint him with b,2oil in the 3Name of the Lord. 15 And the prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord shall raise him up: and if he have committed 1sins, they shall be forgiven him. 16 1Acknowledge your faults one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed: 2for the prayer of a righteous man availeth much, if it be fervent. 17 cElijah was a man subject to like passions as we are, and he prayed earnestly that it might not rain, and it rained not on the earth for three years and six months. 18 And he prayed again: and the heaven gave rain, and the earth brought forth her fruit. 19 1Brethren, dIf any of you hath erred from the truth, and some man hath 2converted him, 20 Let him know that he which hath converted the sinner from going astray out of his way, shall save a soul from death, and shall hide a multitude of sins.

chapter 5

a Matt. 5:34

b Mark 6:13

c 1 Kings 17:1

1 Kings 18:45 Luke 4:25

d Matt. 8:15

5:5 1 Ye have pampered up yourselves. 2 The Hebrews call a day that is appointed to solemn banqueting, a day of slaughter or feasting. 5:7 1 He applieth that to the poor, which he spake against the rich, warning them to wait for the Lord's coming patiently, who will revenge the injuries which the rich men do them. 2 The taking away of an objection: Although his coming serve to linger, yet at the least we must follow the husbandmen, who do patiently wait for the times that are proper for the fruits of the earth. And again, God will not defer the least iota of the time that he hath appointed. 5:9 1 He commendeth Christian patience, so that whereas others through impatience use to accuse one another, the faithful on the contrary side complain not, although they receive injury. 2 By grudging, he meaneth a certain inward complaining which betokeneth impatience. 3 The conclusion: The Lord is at the door, who will defend his own, and revenge his enemies, and therefore we need not to trouble our­ selves. 5:10 1 Because most men are wont to object, that it is good to repel injuries by what means soever, he setteth against that, the examples of the Fathers, whose patience had a most happy end, because God as a most bountiful Father, never forsaketh his. 5:11 1 What end the Lord gave. 5:12 1 Because even the best men sometimes through impatience break out into oaths sometimes lesser, sometimes greater, the Apostle warneth us to detest such wickedness, and to accustom our tongues to simple and true talk.

2 That that you have to say or affirm, speak or affirm it simply, and without an oath: and that that you will deny, deny it simply and flatly. 5:13 1 He showeth the best remedy against all afflictions, to wit, prayers which have their place both in sorrow and joy. 5:14 1 He showeth peculiarly, to what physicians especially we must go, when we are diseased, to wit, to the prayers of the Elders, which then also could cure the body, (for so much as the gift of healing was then in force) and take away the chiefest cause of sickness and diseases, by obtaining for the sick through their prayers and exhorta­ tions, remission of sins. 2 This was a sign of the gift of healing: and now seeing we have the gift no more, the sign is no longer necessary. 3 By calling on the Name of the Lord. 5:15 1 He hath reason in making mention of sins, for diseases are for the most part sent because of sins. 5:16 1 Because God pardoneth their sins which confess and acknowledge them, and not theirs which justify themselves, there­ fore the Apostle addeth, that we ought freely to confer one with another touching those inward diseases, that we may help one another with our prayers. 2 He commendeth prayers by the effects that come of them, that all men may understand that there is nothing more effectual than they are, so that they proceed from a pure mind. 5:19 1 The taking away of an objection: All reprehensions are not condemned, seeing that on the contrary part there is nothing more acceptable to God, than to call into the way a brother that was wan­ dering out of the way. 2 Hath called him back from his way.

T h e f i r s t e p i s t l e g e n e r a l o f

p e t e r

1 1 He extolleth God's mercy showed in Christ, which we lay hold on by faith, and possess through hope: 10 whereof the Prophets foretold. 13 He exhorteth 15 to renounce the world, 23 and their former life, and so wholly yield themselves to God.

tentations, 7 That the trial of your faith, being much more precious than gold that perisheth (though it be tried with fire) might be found unto your praise, and honor and glory at the 1appearing of Jesus Christ: 8 Whom ye have not seen, and yet love him, in whom now, though ye see him not, yet do you believe, and rejoice with [joy] unspeakable and glorious, 9 Receiving the 1end of your faith, even the salvation of your souls. 10 1Of the which salvation the Prophets have inquired and searched, which prophesied of the grace that should come unto you, 11 Searching when or what time the Spirit which testified before of Christ which was in them, should declare the sufferings that should come unto Christ, and the glory that should follow. 12 Unto whom it was revealed, that not unto themselves, but unto us they should minister the things, which are showed unto you by them which have preached unto you the Gospel by the holy Ghost 1sent down from heaven, the which things the Angels desire to behold. 13 1Wherefore 2gird up the loins of your mind:

1 PETER an Apostle of JESUS CHRIST, to the strangers that dwell here and there throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia, 2 1Elect according to the 2foreknowledge of God the Father unto 3sanctification of the Spirit, through obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace and peace be multiplied unto you. 3 Blessed be God, even the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, which according to his abundant mercy hath begotten us again unto a 1lively hope by the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, 4 To an inheritance immortal and undefiled, and that withereth not, reserved in heaven for us, 5 1Which are kept by the power of God through faith unto salvation, which is prepared to be showed in the 2last time. 6 Wherein ye rejoice, though now for a season (if need require) ye are in heaviness, through manifold

1:2 1 Peter purposing to speak of the duties of a Christian life, rea­ soneth first of the principles and beginning of all Christian actions, rising far higher than nature, and carrying us also far above the same. For he showeth that we which are otherwise of nature sin­ ners, were through the free mercy of God the Father first chosen from everlasting: then according to that everlasting decree were by a certain second creation made his sons in Christ his only begotten, by whose Spirit we are inwardly changed, and by whose blood we also are reconciled, to the end, that as Christ himself rose again from the dead, we also might be received into that same heavenly and everlasting glory. 2 Or according to the purpose of God, who never altereth nor changeth the same. 3 That being set apart from the rest of the wicked world, through the working of the holy Ghost, they should be consecrate to God, Eph. 1:5. 1:3 1 Everlasting hope. 1:5 1 Now he showeth by what way we come unto that glory, to wit, through all kinds of afflictions, wherein notwithstanding faith maketh us so secure, that we are not only not overcome with sorrow, but also through the beholding of God himself (who otherwise is invisible) with the eyes of faith are unspeakably joyful: because all such things, as they are but for a time, so are they not applied unto us to destroy us, but as it were by fire to purge us, and to make us perfect, that at the length we may obtain salvation.

2 This is that time which Daniel calleth the time of the end, when as that great restoring of all things shall be, which all creatures look for. Rom. 8:19. 1:7 1 He speaketh of the second coming of Christ. 1:9 1 Or, reward. 1:10 1 He putteth a difference between true faith, that is to say, that faith which only hath an eye to the doctrine of the Prophets and Apostles, and false faith: Afterward he maketh two degrees of one and the selfsame faith, according to the manner of the divers revelations, when as indeed it is but one only faith: Thirdly, he saith, that the preaching of the Apostles is the fulfilling of the preaching of the Prophets, although the latter end of it be as yet looked for of the very Angels. 1:12 1 He alludeth to the prophecy of Joel, which was exhibited upon the day of Pentecost, in the Apostles, as it were in the firstfruits of the holy Ghost, which this same our Peter declareth, Acts 2:6. 1:13 1 He goeth from faith to hope, which is indeed a companion that cannot be sundered from faith: and he useth an argument taken of comparison: We ought not to be wearied in looking for so excellent a thing, which the very Angels wait for with great desire. 2 This is a borrowed speech, taken of a common usage amongst them: for by reason that they wore long garments, they could not travel unless they girded up themselves: and hence it is that Christ said, Let your loins be girded up.

1283 1 peter 2:2

your faith and hope might be in God. 22 1Having purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit, to flove brotherly without feigning, love one another with a pure heart fervently: 23 Being born anew, not of mortal seed, but of immortal, by the word of God, who liveth and endureth forever. 24 1For all g,2flesh is as grass, and all the glory of man is as the flower of grass. The grass withereth, and the flower falleth away. 25 1But the word of the Lord endureth forever: and this is the word which is preached among you. 2 He exhorteth the newborn in faith, to lead their lives answerable to the same: 6 and lest their faith should stagger, he bringeth in that which was foretold touching Christ. 11 Then he willeth them to be obedient to Magistrates, 21 and that they patiently bear adversity after Christ's example.

be sober, 3and trust 4perfectly on that grace 5that is brought unto you, 6in the revelation of Jesus Christ, 14 1As obedient children, not fashioned yourselves unto the former lusts of your ignorance: 15 But as he which hath called you, is holy, so be ye holy in aall manner of conversation, 16 1Because it is written, bBe ye holy, for I am holy. 17 1And if ye 2call him Father, which without crespect of person judgeth according to every man's work, pass the time of your dwelling here in fear. 18 1Knowing that ye were not redeemed with corruptible things, as silver and gold, from your vain conversation, received by the traditions of the fathers, 19 dBut with the precious blood of Christ, as of a Lamb undefiled, and without spot. 20 1Which was eordained before the 2foundation of the world, but was declared in the last times for your sakes, 21 Which by his means do believe in God that raised him from the dead, and gave him glory, that

chapter 1

a Luke 1:75

b Lev. 11:44

Lev. 19:2 Lev. 20:7

c Deut. 10:17

Rom. 2:11

Gal. 2:6

d 1 Cor. 6:20

1 Cor. 7:13 Heb. 9:14 1 John 1:7 Rev. 1:5

e Rom. 16:25

Eph. 3:9 Col. 1:26 2 Tim. 1:10 Titus 1:2

f 1 Pet. 2:17

Rom. 2:10

Eph. 4:2

g Isa. 40:6 James 1:10

chapter 2

a Rom. 6:4

1 Wherefore, a,1laying aside all maliciousness, and all guile, and dissimulation, and envy, and all evil speaking, 2 1As 2newborn babes desire that sincere milk of the word, that ye may grow thereby,

Eph. 4:23

Col. 3:8 Heb. 12:1

3 He setteth forth very briefly, what manner of hope ours ought to be, to wit, continual, until we enjoy the thing we hope for: then, what we have to hope for, to wit, grace (that is, free salvation) revealed to us in the Gospel, and not that, that men do rashly and fondly promise to themselves. 4 Soundly and sincerely. 5 An argument to stir up our minds, seeing that God doth not wait till we seek him, but causeth so great a benefit to be brought even unto us. 6 He setteth out the end of faith, lest any man should promise him­ self, either sooner or later that full salvation, to wit, the later coming of Christ: and therewithal warneth us, not to measure the dignity of the Gospel according to the present state, seeing that that which we are now, is not yet revealed. 1:14 1 He passeth from faith and hope, to the fruits of them both, which are understood in the name of obedience: And it consisteth in two things, in renouncing our lusts, and living godly: which lusts have their beginning of that blindness wherein all men are born: but holiness proceedeth from the grace and favor of GOD, which adopteth us, and therefore regenerateth us, that the father and the children may be of one disposition. 1:16 1 He showeth that sanctification doth necessarily follow adop­ tion. 1:17 1 As before he distinguished true faith and hope from false, so doth he now obedience, setting the quick and sharp sight of God, against an outward mask, and earnest reverence against vain severity. 2 If you will be called the sons of that Father. 1:18 1 An exhortation, wherein he setteth forth the excellency and greatness of the benefit of God the Father, in sanctifying us by the death of his own Son. And he partly setteth the purifyings of the Law against the thing itself, that is, against the blood of Christ, and partly also men's traditions which he condemneth as utterly vain and superstitious, be they never so old and ancient. 1:20 1 The taking away of an objection: what was done to the world before that Christ was sent into the world? was there no holiness before, and was there no Church? The Apostle answereth, that Christ

was ordained and appointed to redeem and deliver mankind, before that mankind was: much less was there any Church without him before his coming into the flesh: yet we are happiest above the rest, to whom Christ was exhibited indeed, in this that he having suffered and overcome death for us, doth now most effectually work in us by the virtue of his Spirit, to create in us faith, hope, and charity. 2 From everlasting. 1:22 1 He commendeth the practice of obedience, that is, charity: earnestly beating into their heads again, that he speaketh not of any common charity, and such as proceedeth from that our corrupt nature, but of that whose beginning is the Spirit of God, which puri­ fieth our souls through the word laid hold on by faith, and engen­ dereth also in us a spiritually and everlasting life, as God is most pure and truly living. 1:24 1 A reason why we have need of this heavenly generation, to wit, because that men, be their glory never so great, are of nature void of all true and sound goodness. 2 The word (flesh) showeth the weakness of our nature, which is chiefly to be considered in the flesh itself. 1:25 1 Again, lest any man should seek that spiritual force and vir­ tue in fained imaginations, the Apostle calleth us back to the word of God: teaching us furthermore, that there is no other word of the Lord to be looked for, than this which is preached, in which only we must trust. 2:1 1 Having laid for the foundation the Spirit of God effectually working by the word, and having built thereupon three virtues which are the grounds of all Christian actions, to wit, faith, hope, and charity: now he proceedeth to a general exhortation, the first member whereof is, that we flee all show, both of secret and also open malice. 2:2 1 The second is, that being newly begotten and born of the new seed of the incorrupt word drawing and sucking greedily the same word as milk, we should more and more as it were grow up in that spir­ itual life. And he calleth it, Sincere, not only because it is a most pure thing, but also that we should take heed of them which corrupt it. 2 As becometh new men.

1 peter 2:3 1284

3 1Because ye 2have tasted that the Lord is bountiful. 4 1To whom coming as unto a living stone, disallowed of men, but chosen of God and precious, 5 Ye also as lively stones, be made a spiritual house, 1an holy bPriesthood to offer up spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God by Jesus Christ. 6 1Wherefore also it is contained in the Scripture, cBehold, I put in Zion a chief cornerstone, elect and precious, and he that believeth therein, shall not be ashamed. 7 1Unto you therefore which believe, it is precious: but unto them which be disobedient, the dstone which the builders disallowed, the same is made the head of the corner, 8 And a estone to stumble at, and a rock of offence, even to them which stumble at the word, being disobedient, unto the which thing they were even

ordained. 9 1But ye are a chosen generation, a royal fPriesthood, an holy nation, a people set at liberty, that ye should show forth the virtues of him that hath called you out of darkness into his marvelous light, 10 gWhich in time past were not a people, yet are now the people of God: which in time past were not under mercy, but now have obtained mercy. 11 1Dearly beloved, 2I beseech you, as strangers and pilgrims, h,3abstain from fleshly lusts 4which fight against the soul, 12 i,1 And have your conversation honest among the Gentiles, that they which speak evil of you as of evil doers, 2may by your good jworks which they shall see, glorify God in the day of 3visitation. 13 k,1 Therefore submit yourselves unto 2all manner ordinance of man 3for the Lord's sake, 4whether it be unto the King, as unto the superior,

b Rev. 1:6

c Isa. 28:16

Rom. 9:33

d Ps. 118:21

Matt. 21:41

Acts 4:11

e Isa. 8:14 Rom. 9:33

f Exod. 19:6

g Hos. 2:23

Rom. 9:25

h Rom. 13:14

Gal. 5:16

i 1 Pet. 3:16

j Matt. 5:16

k Rom. 13:1

2:3 1 He commendeth that spiritual nourishment for the sweetness and profit of it. 2 Or, do taste. 2:4 1 He goeth on forward in the same exhortation, and useth another kind of borrowed speech, alluding to the Temple. Therefore he saith, that the company of the faithful is as it were a certain holy and spiritual building, built of lively stones, the foundation whereof is Christ, as a lively stone sustaining all that are joined unto him with his living virtue, and knitting them together with himself, although this so great a treasure be neglected of men. 2:5 1 Going forward in the same similitude, he compareth us now to Priests placed to this end in that spiritual temple, that we should serve him with spiritual worship, that is, with holiness and righteous­ ness: but as the temple, so is the Priesthood built upon Christ, in whom only all our spiritual offerings are accepted. 2:6 1 He proveth it by the testimony of the Prophet Isaiah. 2:7 1 By setting the most blessed condition of the believers, and the most miserable of the rebellious one against another, he pricketh forward the believers, and triumpheth over the others: and also preventeth an offense which ariseth hereof, that none do more resist this doctrine of the Gospel, than they which are chief­ est amongst the people of God, as were at that time that Peter wrote these things, the Priests and Elders, and Scribes. Therefore he answereth first of all that there is no cause why any man should be astonished at this their stubbornness, as though it were a strange matter, seeing that we have been forewarned so long before, that it should so come to pass: and moreover, that it pleased God to cre­ ate and make certain to this selfsame purpose, that the Son of God might be glorified in their just condemnation. Thirdly, for that the glory of Christ is hereby set forth greatly, whereas notwithstanding Christ remaineth the sure head of his Church, and they that stum­ ble at him, cast down and overthrow themselves, and not Christ. Fourthly, although they be created to this end and purpose, yet their fall and decay is not to be attributeth to God, but to their own obstinate stubbornness which cometh between God's decree, and the execution thereof or their condemnation, and is the true and proper cause of their destruction. 2:9 1 The contrary member, to wit, he describeth the singular excel­ lency of the elect: and also lest any man should doubt whether he be chosen or not, the Apostle calleth us back to the effectual call­

ing, that is, to the voice of the Gospel sounding both in our ears and minds by the outward preaching and Sacraments, whereby we may certainly understand that everlasting decree of our salvation, (which otherwise is most secret and hidden) and that through the only mercy of God, who freely chooseth and calleth us. Therefore this only remaineth, sayeth he, that by all means possible we set forth so great goodness of the most mighty God. 2:11 1 He returneth to that general exhortation. 2 A reason why we ought to live holily, to wit, because we are citi­ zens of heaven, and therefore we ought to live according to the Laws not of this world, which is most corrupt, but of the heavenly city, although we be strangers in the world. 3 Another argument: The children of God live not according to the flesh, that is, according to that corrupt nature, but according to the spirit. Therefore fleshly motions ought not to bear rule in us. 4 The third argument: for although those lusts flatter us, yet they cease not to fight against our salvation. 2:12 1 The fourth argument, taken of the profit of so doing: for by this means also we provide for our good name and estimation, whilest we compel them at length to change their minds, which speak evil of us. 2 The fifth argument, which also is of great force: Because the glory of God is greatly set forth by that means, whilst by example of our honest life, even the most profane men are brought unto God, and submit themselves unto him. 3 When God shall also have mercy on them. 2:13 1 That which he spoke generally, he now expoundeth by parts, describing severally every man's duty. And first of all he speaketh of obedience which is due both to the Laws, and also to the Magistrates both higher and lower. 2 By ordinance, is meant the framing and ordering of civil govern­ ment: which he calleth ordinance of man, not because man invented it, but because it is proper to men. 3 The first argument: because the Lord is the author and revenger of this policy of men, that is, which is set amongst men: and there­ fore the true servants of the Lord must above all others be diligent observers of this order. 4 He preventeth a cavil which is made by some, that say they will obey Kings and the higher magistrates, and yet contemn their min­ isters: as though their ministers were not armed with their authority which sent them.

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