Notes
Chapter 1
1. W. Stanley Mooneyham, What Do You Say to a Hungry World? (Waco: Word, 1975), p. 32.
2. Thomas Kelly, A Testament of Devotion (New York: Harper & Row, 1941), p. 124.
3. Pope John XXIII, Journal of a Soul, trans. Dorothy White (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965), pp. 278–79.
4. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Ethics, ed. Eberhard Bethge (New York: Macmillan, 1955), p. 68.
5. Celebration of Discipline (New York: Harper & Row, 1978). The Spiritual Disciplines discussed in that book—meditation, prayer, fasting, study, simplicity, solitude, submission, service, confession, worship, guidance, and celebration—are described as “classical” not because they are ancient but because they are central to experiential Christianity.
When Celebration of Discipline was being prepared for publication, many different subtitles had been proposed; hence I was unaware of the final decision. When I received the examination copy of the dust jacket I groaned. The subtitle was “Paths to Spiritual Growth.” That subtitle missed a crucial point. The Spiritual Disciplines are not independent “paths,” as if a person could exercise one without the other. Like the fruit of the Spirit they constitute a unity: not “fruits” but “fruit,” not “paths” but “path.” I wrote an impassioned plea requesting that the plural be changed to singular, which graciously the house of Harper & Row consented to do.
6. François Fénelon, Christian Perfection (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1947), p. 194.
7. Quoted in François Fénelon, Christian Perfection, p. 194.
Chapter 2
1. See the article “The OT Term ——— in Theological Dictionary of the New Testament (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1975). Expanded information on the use of mishpat in the Old Testament can be found in this excellent article.
2. There are many excellent word studies of shalom in standard volumes. A very helpful booklet is Howard Macy’s The Shalom of God (Richmond: Friends United Press, 1973). Two books which deal with shalom in the context of Christian simplicity are John V. Taylor, Enough Is Enough (cited below) and Richard K. Taylor, Economics and the Gospel (Philadelphia: United Church Press, 1973).
3. John V. Taylor, Enough Is Enough (Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1977), p. 42.
Chapter 3
1. I am indebted to Dallas Willard of the University of Southern California for the many insights into Matt. 6 that he has given me through both his life and his teaching.
2. The discussions as to the meaning of ——— are quite involved. An excellent summary of the issue can be found in an unpublished doctoral dissertation by Carol Schaefer, A Study in the Exegesis of Matt. 6:22 Through an Analysis of Haplous (Providence: Brown University, 1963). Also of interest is an excellent exegesis of Matt. 6:22–24 by Mark Silliman, The Dark Amen Versus the Light AMEN (Wichita: Friends University, 1980). My use of the passage follows the lead of John Wesley, who felt that haplous referred to a single aim in life—namely, God. He used the text to defend the glories of being poor and simple with God, versus rich and godless.
3. Dallas Willard, in a lecture on the Sermon on the Mount, Spring 1874, Woodlake Avenue Friends Church, Canoga Park, California.
4. Martin Hengel, Property and Riches in the Early Church (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1973), p. 27.
Chapter 4
1. Quoted in D. Elton Trueblood, The Best of Elton Trueblood: An Anthology, ed. James R. Newby (Nashville: Benson, 1979), p. 70.
2. John Woolman, The Journal of John Woolman (Secaucus: Citadel Press, 1971), p. 41.
3. Quoted in Martin Hengel, Property and Riches in the Early Church, p. 45.
4. Tertullian, “The Apology of Tertullian,” in Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson, eds., The Ante-Nicene Fathers, 8 vols. (Buffalo: Christian Literature, 1887), 3:46.
5. “The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles,” in Roberts and Donaldson, The Ante-Nicene Fathers, 7:378.
6. Eusebius, The Ecclesiastical History, trans. Christian Frederick Cruse, reprint ed. (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1958), bk. 4, chap. 23, p. 160.
7. “The First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians,” in Roberts and Donaldson, The Ante-Nicene Fathers, 1:15.
8. “Epistle of Clement to James,” in Roberts and Donaldson, The Ante-Nicene Fathers, 8:220.
9. Quoted in Quotations from Chairman Jesus, ed. David Kirk (Spring-field: Templegate, 1969), p. 175.
10. “The First Apology of Justin Martyr,” in Roberts and Donaldson, The Ante-Nicene Fathers, 1:186.
11. “The First Apology of Justin Martyr,” in Roberts and Donaldson, The Ante-Nicene Fathers, 1:42–43.
12. Quoted by Henri Nouwen in “The Desert Counsel to Flee the World,” Sojourners 9 ( June 1980): 15.
13. Helen Waddell, trans., The Desert Fathers (Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1957), p. 85.
14. Quoted by Henri Nouwen in “Silence, the Portable Cell,” Sojourners 9 ( July 1980): 22.
15. Waddell, The Desert Fathers, p. 123.
16. Waddell, The Desert Fathers, p. 112.
17. Paul Sabatier, Life of St. Francis of Assisi (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1894), p. 83.
18. Sabatier, Life of St. Francis of Assisi, p. 114.
19. Sabatier, Life of St. Francis of Assisi, p. 307.
20. Raphael Brown, trans., The Little Flowers of St. Francis (Garden City: Doubleday, 1958), p. 68.
21. Brown, The Little Flowers, pp. 81–82.
22. Brown, The Little Flowers, pp. 58–60.
23. Theodore G. Tappert, ed., Selected Writings of Martin Luther: 1520–1523 (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1967), p. 20.
24. Tappert, ed., Selected Writings of Martin Luther, p. 37.
25. Tappert, ed., Selected Writings of Martin Luther, p. 43.
26. Tappert, ed., Selected Writings of Martin Luther, p. 47.
27. John Calvin, Commentaries on the Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1947), p. 481.
28. George Fox, The Journal of George Fox (London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1952), p. 11.
29. Quoted in Lewis Benson, A Revolutionary Gospel (Philadelphia: Tract Association of Friends, 1974), p. 9.
30. William Penn, No Cross, No Crown (London: Barrett, 1857), p. 251.
31. George Fox, Works of George Fox, reprint ed. (Philadelphia: Gould, 1831), 4:194.
32. Hugh Barbour and Arthur Roberts, eds., Early Quaker Writings (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1973), p. 115.
33. Taken from the bulletin of the First Centenary United Methodist Church, Chattanooga, Tennessee, June 29, 1980, p. 1.
34. John Wesley, The Journal of John Wesley, ed. Percy Livingstone Parker (Chicago: Moody Press, 1951), p. 409.
35. Francis Asbury, The Journal of Francis Asbury (London: Epworth Press, 1958), 1:4.
36. Howard Taylor, Hudson Taylor’s Spiritual Secret (Chicago: Moody Press, 1932), p. 26.
37. Kenneth Scott Latourette, A History of Christianity (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1953), p. 1186.
38. J. H. Worcester, The Life of David Livingstone (Chicago: Moody Press, n.d.), p. 75.
39. Worcester, The Life of David Livingstone, p. 100.
40. For more information see Dallas Lee, The Cotton Patch Evidence (New York: Harper & Row, 1971).
41. Girolamo Savonarola, De Simplicitate Christianae Vitae (Rome: Angelo Belardetti Editore Roma, n.d.), p. 188. Unfortunately, this book has never been translated into English. I am indebted to Father Lawrence F. Frankovich (OFM) for help in translating crucial sections of this book.
42. Savonarola, De Simplicitate Christianae Vitae, pp. 64–65.
43. Søren Kierkegaard, Purity of Heart Is to Will One Thing (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1938), p. 27.
44. Kierkegaard, Purity of Heart Is to Will One Thing, p. 29.
45. Woolman, The Journal of John Woolman, p. 41.
46. Woolman, The Journal of John Woolman, p. 168.
47. Woolman, The Journal of John Woolman, p. 231.
48. Quoted in Goldian VanderBroeck, ed., Less Is More (New York: Harper & Row, 1978), p. 223.
Chapter 5
1. J. R. R. Tolkien, The Silmarillion (New York: Allen & Unwin, 1977), p. 8.
2. Kelly, A Testament of Devotion, p. 115.
3. Kelly, A Testament of Devotion, p. 115.
4. Kelly, A Testament of Devotion, pp. 115–16.
5. Quoted in Francis Florand, Stages of Simplicity (St. Louis: Herder, 1967), p. 147.
6. I am indebted to Thomas Kelly for the concept of many inward selves. See A Testament of Devotion, pp. 114–15.
7. Frank Laubach, Learning the Vocabulary of God (Nashville: Upper Room, 1956).
8. Laubach, Learning the Vocabulary of God, p. 23.
9. Brother Lawrence (Nicholas Herman of Lorraine), The Practice of the Presence of God (Philadelphia: Judson Press, n.d.), p. 26.
10. Meister Eckhart, Meister Eckhart, trans. C. de B. Evans (London: Watkins, 1956), 1:59.
11. Quoted in Frank C. Laubach, Christ Liveth in Me and Games with Minutes, in one vol. (Westwood, NJ: Revell, 1961), p. 61.
12. Kelly, A Testament of Devotion, p. 124.
13. Blaise Pascal, Pensées, trans. W. F. Trotter, The Modern Library (New York: Random House, 1941), p. 74.
14. Wayne E. Oates, Nurturing Silence in a Noisy Heart (Garden City: Doubleday, 1979), p. 3.
15. Frank C. Laubach, Open Windows, Swinging Doors (Glendale: Gospel Light Publications, 1955), pp. 34–35.
16. Fénelon, Christian Perfection, p. 204.
Chapter 6
1. T. S. Eliot, The Four Quartets (New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1943), p. 39.
2. Quoted in Kelly, A Testament of Devotion, p. 52.
3. Fénelon, Christian Perfection, p. 196.
4. Fénelon, Christian Perfection, p. 196.
5. Fénelon, Christian Perfection, p. 194.
6. Fénelon, Christian Perfection, p. 194.
7. Brother Lawrence, The Practice of the Presence of God, p. 39.
8. Fénelon, Christian Perfection, p. 196.
9. Fénelon, Christian Perfection, pp. 198–99.
10. Fénelon, Christian Perfection, p. 201.
11. Fénelon, Christian Perfection, p. 203.
12. Fénelon, Christian Perfection, p. 204.
13. Fénelon, Christian Perfection, p. 197.
14. Julian of Norwich, Showings (New York: Paulist Press, 1978), p. 205.
15. Blaise Pascal, Love Aflame: Selections from the Writings of Blaise Pascal (Wilmore: Asbury Theological Seminary, 1974), p. 3.
16. Kelly, A Testament of Devotion, p. 69.
17. Søren Kierkegaard, Christian Discourses, trans. Walter Lowie (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1940), p. 322.
18. Taken from a letter written to U. S. Senator Mark Hatfield as a response to his congratulatory letter to her upon her receipt of the Nobel Peace Prize. Published in Major Addresses Delivered at the Conference on Faith and Learning (North Newton: Bethel College, 1980), pp. 85–86.
Chapter 7
1. One especially helpful book is by George Fooshee, You Can Be Financially Free (Old Tappan, NJ: Revell, 1976).
2. Catherine de Hueck Doherty, Poustinia: Christian Spirituality of the East for Western Man (Notre Dame: Ave Maria Press, 1974), p. 216.
3. Quoted in VanderBroeck, Less Is More, p. 26.
4. Richard E. Byrd, Alone (New York: Putnam’s Sons, 1938), p. 19.
5. John Wesley, “Nv. 1767,” The Journal of the Reverend John Wesley (London: Epworth Press, 1938).
6. Quoted in VanderBroeck, Less Is More, p. 21.
Chapter 8
1. Adam Daniel Finnerty, No More Plastic Jesus (New York: Dutton, 1978), p. 17.
2. John Stott, Lausanne Occasional Papers, no. 3: The Lausanne Covenant—An Exposition and Commentary (Wheaton: Lausanne Committee for World Evangelism, 1975), p. 21.
3. Floyd and Norma Souders, Friends University: 1898–1973 (North Newton, KS: Mennonite Press, 1974), p. 11.
4. Quoted in John Mitchell, Enough Is as Good as a Feast (an offset from Third Way magazine, London, England, 1979), p. 1.
5. Elizabeth O’Connor, Letters to Scattered Pilgrims (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1979), p. 5.
6. O’Connor, Letters to Scattered Pilgrims, pp. 6–7.
7. Mooneyham, What Do You Say to a Hungry World? p. 76.
8. Woolman, The Journal of John Woolman, p. 18.
9. Woolman, The Journal of John Woolman, p. 18.
10. Thomas Merton, The Sign of Jonas (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1953), p. 261.
11. Jacques Ellul, Violence: Reflections from a Christian Perspective (New York: Seabury Press, 1969), p. 151.
12. Ellul, Violence, p. 155.
13. Kierkegaard, Christian Discourses, p. 344.
14. Quoted in VanderBroeck, Less Is More, p. 70.
15. Quoted in VanderBroeck, Less Is More, p. 127.
Chapter 9
1. Quoted in Post-American 1 (Summer 1972): 1.
2. Douglas V. Steere, ed., Selections from the Writings of Bernard of Clairvaux (Nashville: Upper Room, 1961), p. 6.
3. Quoted by Leland Ryken in “The Puritan Work Ethic: The Dignity of Life’s Labors,” in Christianity Today, Oct. 19, 1979, p. 17.
4. Lee, The Cotton Patch Evidence, pp. 86–87.
5. This illustration was suggested to me by Kara Cole in The Church—Every Person a Minister (Dublin: Prinit Press, 1980), pp. 11–13.
Chapter 10
1. Adam Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (New York: Random House, 1937), p. 421.
2. Christa Hartsook, “United States Energy Industry Overview” (Ames, IA: Agricultural Marketing Resource Center, Iowa State Univ., Apr. 2004), p. 3.
3. Blaise Pascal, Pensées (New York: Penguin, 1966), p. 67.
4. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Letters and Papers from Prison (New York: Macmillan, 1971), p. 12.
5. St. Augustine, The City of God (New York: Random House, 1950), bk. 22, chap. 30, p. 867.
6. E. F. Schumacher, Small Is Beautiful: Economics As If People Mattered (New York: Harper & Row, 1973), pp. 293–301.
7. Edward O. Guthman and C. Richard Allen, eds., RFK: Collected Speeches (New York: Penguin, 1993), pp. 243–44.
8. Herman E. Daly and John B. Cobb Jr., For the Common Good: Redirecting the Economy Toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable Future (Boston: Beacon Press, 1989), p. 64.