Notes
Notes
Introduction
1. Madame Guyon Quotes, Women of Christianity, http://womenofchristianity.com/quotes/madame-guyon-quotes/.
2. Jerome, Letter 127, available at New Advent, http://www.newadvent.org.
3. Christina Nehring, “Heloise & Abelard: Love Hurts,” New York Times, February 13, 2005.
4. Helen Taft Manning, “Address at Memorial Service for M. Carey Thomas,” quoted in Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, The Power and Passion of M. Carey Thomas (New York: Knopf, 1999).
Chapter 1: Thecla and Early Martyrs, Monastics, and Saints
1. Quoted in Peter Conn, Pearl S. Buck: A Cultural Biography (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 20.
2. All quotes taken from the Acts of Paul and Thecla, available at New Advent, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0816.htm.
3. All quotes, unless otherwise specified, are from The Martyrdom of Saints Perpetua and Felicitas, available at http://www.ssfp.org/pdf/The_Martyrdom_of_Saints_Perpetua_and_Felicitas.pdf.
4. Joyce E. Salisbury, Perpetua’s Passion: The Death and Memory of a Young Roman Woman (New York: Routledge, 1997), 92.
5. Mary Reed Newland, “Catholic Activity: Story of the Martyrdom of Sts. Felicity and Perpetua,” Catholic Culture.org, http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/liturgicalyear/activities/view.cfm?id=248.
6. This and following citations from Methodius, Banquet of the Ten Virgins, trans. Rev. William R. Clark, available at http://mb-soft.com/believe/txua/methodiu.htm.
7. Jerome, letter 127, available at New Advent, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3001127.htm.
8. Quoted in Christopher A. Hall, Reading Scripture with the Church Fathers (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1998), 44.
9. Ibid.
10. Jerome, letter 108, available at New Advent, http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3001108.htm.
11. Quoted in The Letter Collection of Peter Abelard and Heloise, ed. David Luscombe, trans. Betty Radice (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 103.
12. Jerome, letter 23, to Eustochium, available at Christian Classics Ethereal Library, http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf206.v.XXII.html.
13. Quoted in Richard B. Lyman Jr., “Barbarism and Religion,” in The History of Childhood, ed. Lloyd deMause (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1974), 86.
14. Quoted in Marianne Dorman, “St Jerome and the Holy Women of Rome,” http://mariannedorman.homestead.com/JeromeandPaula.html.
15. Gregory of Nyssa, Life of St. Macrina, available at The Tertullian Project, http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/gregory_macrina_1_life.htm.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Quoted in “The Life of Our Holy Mother Saint Mary of Egypt,” http://www.abbamoses.com/stmarylife.html.
Chapter 2: Hilda of Whitby and Medieval Nuns and Abbesses
1. Peter D’Epiro, The Book of Firsts (New York: Random House, 2010), 265.
2. Bede, The Ecclesiastical History of the English People, Oxford World Classics (Clarendon: Oxford, 1999), 212–13.
3. Bede, Ecclesiastical History of England, ed. A. M. Sellar, book 4, chap. 24, available at Internet Sacred Text Archive, http://www.sacred-texts.com/chr/bede/hist110.htm.
4. Alban Butler, The Lives of the Primitive Fathers, Martyrs, and Other Principal Saints (Edinburgh, 1799), 339.
6. Rudolf, “The Life of Saint Leoba,” trans. C. H. Talbot, in Soldiers of Christ: Saints and Saints’ Lives from Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, ed. Thomas F. X. Noble and Thomas Head (University Park: Penn State University Press, 1995), 259.
7. This and the following quotations, unless otherwise noted, are from Rudolf of Fulda, Life of Leoba, available at Internet Medieval Sourcebook, http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook.asp.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. All quotes from the letters of Abelard and Héloïse are from The Letter Collection of Peter Abelard and Heloise, ed. David Luscombe, trans. Betty Radice (New York: Penguin, 1974).
11. Ruth A. Tucker, “Heloise and Abelard’s Tumultuous Affair,” Christian History no. 30 (1991), http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/1991/issue30/3028.html?start=3.
12. A letter from Clare of Assisi to Agnes of Prague (1253), Epistolae: Medieval Women’s Letters, http://epistolae.ccnmtl.columbia.edu/letter/572.html.
13. G. K. Chesterton, Saint Francis, chap. 3, Saints.SQPN.com, http://saints.sqpn.com/saint-francis-by-g-k-chesterton-chapter-iii/.
14. Philip Hughes, A Popular History of the Reformation (New York: Image Books, 1960 ), 19.
Chapter 3: Hildegard of Bingen and Catholic Mystics and Scholars
1. Hildegard von Bingen, Scivias, quoted in Sabina Flanagan, “Hildegard von Bingen,” http://www.hildegard.org/documents/flanagan.html#scivias.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Hildegard of Bingen, Liber Subtilatum, quoted in “The Life and Works of Hildegard von Bingen (1098–1179),” http://www.isi.edu/~lerman/music/Hildegard.html.
5. Quoted in “Work as Abbess,” Land der Hildegard, http://landderhildegard.de/her-life/work-as-abbess/richardis-of-stade/.
6. Quoted in Barbara Newman, Voice of the Living Light: Hildegard of Bingen and Her World (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998), 13.
7. Quoted in “Work as Abbess.”
8. Scivias.
9. Quoted in Dan Doriani, Women and Ministry (Wheaton: Crossway, 2003), 156.
10. Julian of Norwich, Revelations of Divine Love, available at Christian Classics Ethereal Library, http://www.ccel.org/j/julian/revelations/.
11. Quoted in Nicholas Watson and Jacqueline Jenkins, eds., The Writing of Julian of Norwich (University Park: Penn State University Press, 2006), 428.
12. Benedict XVI, General Audience, November 24, 2010, http://w2.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/audiences/2010/documents/hf_ben-xvi_aud_20101124.html.
13. Quoted in Ruth A. Tucker and Walter L. Liefeld, Daughters of the Church (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987), 158.
14. Catherine of Siena, Dialogue, quoted in “God the Giver of All Gifts—Catherine of Siena,” Crossroads Initiative, http://www.crossroadsinitiative.com/library_article/1244/God_the_giver_of_all_Gifts____Catherine_of_Siena.html.
15. Gregory of Tours, The History of the Franks (New York: Penguin, 1974).
16. The Book of Margery Kempe, quoted in Alison Torn, “Margery Kempe: Madwoman or Mystic—A Narrative Approach to the Representation of Madness and Mysticism in Medieval England,” in Narrative and Fiction: An Interdisciplinary Approach, ed. David Robinson, Noel Gilzean, Pamela Fisher, Tracey Lee, and Pete Woodcock (Huddersfield, UK: University of Huddersfield, 2008), 79–89, available at University of Huddersfield Repository, http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/4830/2/Chapter_9_Alison_Torn.pdf.
17. Ibid.
Chapter 4: Katherine Schütz Zell and Protestant Reformers
1. Roland Bainton, Women of the Reformation in Germany and Italy (Minneapolis: Augsburg, 1971), quoted in “The Hidden Tradition: Women of the Reformation, Part II,” RPM Ministries website, http://www.rpmministries.org/2008/05/the-hidden-tradition-women-of-the-reformation-part-ii/.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Quoted in Diane Severance, “You Wouldn’t Want to Argue with Argula,” Christianity.com, http://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/timeline/1201–1500/you-wouldnt-want-to-argue-with-argula-11629897.html.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Quoted in Ruth A. Tucker and Walter L. Liefeld, Daughters of the Church (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987), 186.
14. Ibid.
15. Quoted in Olympia Morata, The Complete Writings of an Italian Heretic (Chicago: University of Chicago, 2003), 7.
16. Quoted in Ruth A. Tucker, “John Calvin and the Princess,” Christian History (September 3, 2009), http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/bytopic/women/johncalvinandtheprincess.html?allcomments=true&start=4.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Quoted in Cornelius J. Dyck, “Elisabeth and Hadewijk of Friesland,” in Profiles of Anabaptist Women, ed. C. Arnold Snyder and Linda A. Huebert Hecht, Studies in Women and Religion (Waterloo, ON: Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 1996), 361.
24. Bainton, Women of the Reformation, 106.
Chapter 5: Teresa of Ávila and Sectarian “Heretics”
1. Brooke Allen, review of Abraham Verghese, Cutting for Stone, Barnes & Noble website, http://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/cutting-for-stone-abraham-verghese/1100047420?ean=9780375714368.
2. Saint Teresa, The Life of Teresa of Jesus (New York: Doubleday, 1960), lxvii.
3. Quoted in Ruth A. Tucker and Walter L. Liefeld, Daughters of the Church (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987), 202.
4. Teresa, Saint Teresa of Avila, “Art Humanities Primary Source Reading 28,” http://www.learn.columbia.edu/monographs/bernmon/pdf/art_hum_reading_28.pdf.
5. Tucker and Liefeld, Daughters of the Church, 203.
6. Ibid., 204.
7. Deborah Kuhn McGregor, “Childbirth-Travells,” in Childbirth: Midwifery Theory and Practice, ed. Philip K. Wilson (New York: Garland, 1996), 178.
8. Tucker and Liefeld, Daughters of the Church, 221.
9. Ibid., 223.
10. “Trial and Interrogation of Anne Hutchinson (1637),” available at http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/30-hut.html.
11. Paul Della Valle, Massachusetts Troublemakers: Rebels, Reformers, and Radicals from the Bay State (Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot Press, 2009), 12.
12. Tucker and Liefeld, Daughters of the Church, 223.
13. Ibid.
14. “Ballad of George Fox,” available at Quakers, http://quakers.nu/George.
15. Quoted in “Life of Margaret Fell,” http://www.ushistory.org/penn/margaret_fell.htm.
16. Ibid.
17. Tucker and Liefeld, Daughters of the Church, 230.
18. Margaret Fox, The Life of Margaret Fox, Part II, http://www.hallvworthington.com/Margaret_Fox_Selections/MargaretMemoir2.html.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Dr. Clark, quoted in John W. Lewis, The Life, Labors and Travels of Elder Charles Bowles, available at Documenting the American South, http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/lewisjw/lewisjw.html.
Chapter 6: Susanna Wesley and Eighteenth-Century Evangelists
1. Susanna Wesley: The Complete Writings, ed. Charles Wallace Jr. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 98.
2. Adam Clarke, Memoirs of the Wesley Family (New York: Bangs & Mason, 1824), 91.
3. Quoted in Charles Edward White, “What Wesley Practiced and Preached about Money,” Leadership Journal (Winter 1987), http://www.christianitytoday.com/le/1987/winter/87l1027.html.
4. John Kirk, The Mother of the Wesleys: A Biography (London: Henry James Tresidder, 1864), 189.
5. Ibid., 194.
6. Ibid., 186.
7. William Henry Fitchett, Wesley and His Century: A Study in Spiritual Forces (London: Smith, Elder, 1906), 23.
8. Susanna Wesley, 367.
9. Ibid., 80.
10. Journal of John Wesley, available at Christian Classics Ethereal Library, http://www.ccel.org/ccel/wesley/journal.vi.iv.xviii.html.
11. Ibid.
12. John Wesley, The Works of Rev. John Wesley (London: John Mason, 1829), 386.
13. Journal of John Wesley.
14. Luke Tyerman, The Life and Times of Rev. Samuel Wesley (London: Simpkin, Marshall, 1866), 125.
15. John R. Tyson, “Lady Huntingdon, Religion and Race” in Methodist History 50, no. 1 (October 2011), 29.
16. Selina Hastings, “Addressed to My Dear Friends,” available at http://digitalcollections.smu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/hunt/id/11.
17. Aaron C. Seymour and Jacob Foster, The Life and Times of Selina (London: William Edward Painer, 1839), 315.
18. John R. Tyson, “A Poor, Vile Sinner,” Methodist History 37, no. 2 (January 1999): 116.
19. Ibid., 108.
20. “An Account of Sarah Crosby,” 18th Century Religion, Literature, and Culture, http://18thcenturyculture.wordpress.com/primary-sources/the-armenian-magazine/an-account-of-sarah-crosby/.
21. “Account of Mrs. Sarah Ryan,” 18th Century Religion, Literature, and Culture, http://18thcenturyculture.wordpress.com/primary-sources/the-armenian-magazine/account-of-mrs-sarah-ryan/.
22. Ted A. Campbell, “John Wesley’s Intimate Disconnections,” Methodist History 51, no. 3 (April 2013): 191.
23. Ibid., 192.
24. Ibid.
25. Robert Southey, The Life of John Wesley (London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, 1820), 2:302ff.
26. Wesley, The Journal of the Reverend John Wesley, ed. John Emory (New York: Mason & Lane, 1837), 553.
27. Luke Tyerman, The Life and Times of the Rev. John Wesley (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1870), 2:289.
28. Quoted in Henry Moore, The Life of Mrs. Mary Fletcher (New York: G. Lane and C. B. Tippett, 1818), available at https://archive.org/details/lifemrsmaryflet00moorgoog.
29. Lawrence W. Wood, The Meaning of Pentecost in Early Methodism (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 2002), 233.
30. Dorothy Graham, “Methodist Women Local Preachers,” Wesley Historical Society (NZ) publication #68, http://www.methodist.org.nz/files/docs/wesley%20historical/68%20methodist%20women%20local.pdf.
31. Mary Fletcher, letter, the original can be viewed at Mullock’s Specialist Auctioneers & Valuers website, auction lot 316, http://www.mullocksauctions.co.uk/lot-42714-methodists_–_mary_fletcher_important_group_of_four.html.
32. Henry Moore, The Life of Mrs. Mary Fletcher (London: J. Collord, 1840), 115.
33. Ibid., 271.
34. Quoted in James Boswell, The Life of Samuel Johnson, Ll.D., vol. 1 (London: J. F. Dove, 1824), 405.
Chapter 7: Narcissa Prentiss Whitman and American Protestant Missionaries
1. Nard Jones, The Great Command (Boston: Little, Brown, 1959), 202, 229.
2. “The Letters and Journals of Narcissa Whitman, 1836–1847,” Archives of the West, PBS.org, http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/two/whitman1.htm.
3. Ibid.
4. Julie Roy Jeffrey, Converting the West: A Biography of Narcissa Whitman (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991), 147.
5. “Letters and Journals of Narcissa Whitman.”
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Leonard Warren, Adele Marion Fielde: Feminist, Social Activist, Scientist (New York: Routledge, 2002), 19.
10. Ibid., 23.
11. Ibid., 41.
12. Ibid., 62.
13. Quoted in Irwin Hyatt, Our Ordered Lives Confess (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1976), 104–6.
14. Quoted in ibid., 96.
15. Ibid., 99.
16. Ibid., 104–5.
17. Ibid., 115.
18. Ibid., 113.
19. Ibid., 114.
Chapter 8: Jarena Lee and African American Evangelists
1. Tyler Glodjo, “How the Church Resegregated Schools in the South,” Christ and Pop Culture 1, no. 9, Patheos, http://www.patheos.com/blogs/christandpopculture/how-the-church-resegregated-schools-in-jackson-tn/.
2. Jarena Lee, Religious Experience and Journal (Philadelphia, 1849), 4.
3. Ibid., 6.
4. Ibid., 11.
5. Ibid., 17.
6. Ibid., 62.
7. J. M. Thoburn, introduction to Amanda Smith, An Autobiography (Chicago: Meyer & Brother, 1893), vi, available at http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/smitham/smith.html.
8. Smith, Autobiography, 17–18.
9. Ibid., 25.
10. Ibid., 29.
11. Ibid., 30.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., 31–32.
14. Ibid., 142.
15. “Mary McLeod Bethune, Educator and Civil Rights Activist,” January 4, 2012, IIP Digital (website), http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/publication/2012/01/20120104120546ael0.4446331.html#axzz3RwjLPVcR.
16. Mary McLeod Bethune, Building a Better World, ed. Audrey Thomas McCluskey and Elaine M. Smith (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001), 276.
17. Robert Weaver, “Her Boys Remember,” Time, July 10, 1974 (special publication of the National Council of Negro Women).
18. Joseph Jeter, quoted in “Eliza Davis George,” The Malachi Project, http://www.ihopkc.org/malachiproject/biography/eliza-george.
Chapter 9: Elizabeth “Betsy” Fry and Women of the Social Gospel
1. “Elizabeth Fry,” National Women’s History Museum website, https://www.nwhm.org/education-resources/biography/biographies/elizabeth-fry/.
2. Quoted in Rich Nathan, Who Is My Enemy? Welcoming People the Church Rejects (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2002), 118.
3. Richard Wheatley, The Life and Letters of Mrs. Phoebe Palmer (New York: W. C. Palmer Jr., 1876), 26.
4. Ibid., 30.
5. “Phoebe Palmer (1807–1874) and Holiness Theology,” TeachUSHistory.org, http://www.teachushistory.org/second-great-awakening-age-reform/approaches/phoebe-palmer-1807-1874-holiness-theology.
6. Wheatley, Life and Letters, 39.
7. Quoted in “Phoebe Palmer: Revivalist and Social Activist,” Bible Gateway, July 11, 2008, https://www.biblegateway.com/devotionals/faithful-through-the-ages/2008/07/11.
8. Melvin E. Dieter, The Holiness Revival of the Nineteenth Century (Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 1996), 24.
9. F. de L. Booth, The Life of Catherine Booth: The Mother of the Salvation Army (Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revell, 1893), https://archive.org/stream/lifeofcatherineb01bootiala/lifeofcatherineb01bootiala_djvu.txt.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. Catherine Mumford Booth, Female Ministry: Or, Woman’s Right to Preach the Gospel, available at The Voice, http://www.crivoice.org/WT-cbooth.html.
13. “Catherine Booth,” Christian History, http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/131christians/activists/catherinebooth.html.
14. Catherine Bramwell-Booth, Catherine Booth (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1970), 341.
15. David Malcolm Bennett, The General: William Booth (Longwood, FL: Xulon Press, 2003), 2:272.
16. Carry A. Nation, The Use and Need of the Life of Carry A. Nation (Topeka, KS: F. M. Steves & Sons, 1909), available at https://archive.org/stream/useandneedoflife00natirich/useandneedoflife00natirich_djvu.txt.
17. Fran Grace, Retelling the Life (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001), 101.
18. Catherine Booth, Female Ministry; Or, Woman’s Right to Preach (London: Morgan & Chase), available at http://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/vwwp/view?docId=VAB7105&doc.view=print.
19. “Phoebe Palmer (1807–1874) and Holiness Theology,” TeachUSHistory.org, accessed August 18, 2015, http://www.teachushistory.org/second-great-awakening-age-reform/approaches/phoebe-palmer-1807-1874-holiness-theology.
Chapter 10: Anne-Marie Javouhey and British and European Missionaries
1. Quoted in F. Calvin Parker, The Good Book Is Better Than It Used to Be (Bloomington, IN: iVerse, 2009), 119.
2. Glenn D. Kittler, The Woman God Loved (Garden City, NY: Hanover House, 1959), 58.
3. Dom Antoine Marie OSB, Spiritual Newsletter, Abbey of Saint-Joseph de Clairval website, May 13, 2006, http://www.clairval.com/lettres/en/2006/05/13/2100506.htm.
4. Kittler, Woman God Loved, 225.
5. Sarah A. Curtis, Civilizing Habits: Women Missionaries and the Revival of French Empire (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012), 236.
6. Kittler, Woman God Loved, 176.
7. Quoted in Michael Richardson, “The Adventurous Nun,” e-Catholic 2000, http://www.ecatholic2000.com/cts/untitled-479.shtml.
8. Kittler, Woman God Loved, 227.
9. David B. Calhoun, “Mary Slessor: ‘Mother of All the Peoples,’” Knowing & Doing, C. S. Lewis Institute website, http://www.cslewisinstitute.org/webfm_send/624.
10. James Buchan, The Expendable Mary Slessor (New York: Seabury, 1981), 91, 95.
11. Quoted in W. P. Livingstone, Mary Slessor of Calabar (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1915), 142–43.
12. Ibid., 295.
13. Ibid., 278.
14. Ibid., 303.
15. Elisabeth Elliot, A Chance to Die: The Life and Legacy of Amy Carmichael (Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revell, 1987), 142, 338.
16. Frank Houghton, Amy Carmichael of Dohnavur (London: SPCK, 1954), 73.
17. Elliot, Chance to Die, 119.
18. “Amy Carmichael,” The Traveling Team, http://www.thetravelingteam.org/amycarmichael.
19. Elliot, Chance to Die, 121–22.
20. Ibid., 155–56.
21. Amy Carmichael, Gold Cord: The Story of a Fellowship (London: SPCK, 1932), 37, 179, 182.
22. Elliot, Chance to Die, 268, 270.
23. Stephen Neill, God’s Apprentice: The Autobiography of Stephen Neill (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1991), 95.
24. Ibid., 45.
25. Alan Burgess, The Small Woman (New York: Dutton, 1957), 29.
26. Mary Brogi, “Gladys Aylward: The Small Woman with a Big Heart for China,” http://washingtonubf.org/Resources/Leaders/GladysAylward.html.
27. Burgess, Small Woman, 166.
Chapter 11: Harriet Beecher Stowe and Nineteenth-Century Poets and Writers
1. Charles Edward Stowe, Life of Harriet Beecher Stowe (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1889), available at https://archive.org/details/cu31924022183382.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Harriet Beecher Stowe, letter to Calvin Stowe, January 1, 1847, Romantic Love Letters, http://www.theromantic.com/LoveLetters/harrietbeecher.htm.
5. Mary Kelly, “At War with Herself: Harriet Beecher Stowe as Woman in Conflict within the Home,” American Studies 26, no. 2 (Fall 1978), https://journals.ku.edu/index.php/amerstud/article/viewFile/2264/2223.
6. Ibid.
7. “Rewriting Uncle Tom,” Washington Post, September 16, 1888, http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/articles/n2ar19cmt.html.
8. J. M. K., “Safe in the Arms of Jesus,” Christian Biography Resources, http://www.wholesomewords.org/biography/bcrosby3.html.
9. Ibid.
10. Edith L. Blumhofer, Her Heart Can See: The Life and Hymns of Fanny J. Crosby (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2005), 93.
11. Ibid., 95.
12. Emily Dickinson, no. 49, in The Poems of Emily Dickinson, ed. Thomas H. Johnson (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 1955), 38, available at https://archive.org/details/poemsofemilydick030097mbp.
13. Dickinson to Abiah Root, 31 January 1846, in The Letters of Emily Dickinson, ed. Thomas H. Johnson (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 1986), 27; Dickinson to Jane, 3 April 1950, Genius (website), accessed August 20, 2015, http://genius.com/Emily-dickinson-35-annotated.
14. Emily Dickinson, no. 1581, in Helen Vendler, Dickinson: Selected Poems and Commentaries (Cambridge, MA: Belknap, 2010), 496.
15. Roger Lundin, Emily Dickinson and the Art of Belief (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1998), 34.
16. Emily Dickinson, no. 338, in Johnson, Poems, 270.
17. Emily Dickinson, no. 564, ibid., 431.
18. Emily Dickinson, no. 1601, quoted in Roger Lundin, Emily Dickinson and the Art of Belief, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2004), 29–30.
19. Emily Dickinson, no. 377, in Johnson, Poems, 299–300.
20. Emily Dickinson, no. 79, ibid., 64.
21. Hannah Whitall Smith, The Christian’s Secret of a Happy Life (Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revell, 1883), 47.
22. Hannah Whitall Smith, God of All Comfort (New York: Anamchara Books, 1987), 11.
23. Eliza F. Kent, Converting Women: Gender and Protestant Christianity (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 100.
24. Marie Henry, The Secret Life of Hannah Whitall Smith (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1984), 119; italics in original.
25. Kerri Allen, “Representation and Self-Representation: Hannah Whitall Smith as Family Woman and Religious Guide,” Women’s History Review 7, no. 2 (1998), http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09612029800200167.
26. Henry, Secret Life, 159.
27. Ibid., 28.
28. Ibid., 33–34.
29. Emily Dickinson, no. 442, in Johnson, Poems, 341.
Chapter 12: Susannah Thompson Spurgeon and Ministers’ Wives
1. Fox Butterfield, “At Wellesley, a Furor over Barbara Bush,” May 4, 1990, NYTimes.com, http://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/04/us/at-wellesley-a-furor-over-barbara-bush.html.
2. Lewis A. Drummond, Spurgeon: Prince of Preachers (Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1992), 225.
3. C. H. Spurgeon, The Autobiography of Charles H. Spurgeon: Compiled from His Diary, Letters, and Records (1899; repr., London: Forgotten Books, 2013), 4–5, http://www.forgottenbooks.com/readbook_text/The_Autobiography_of_Charles_v2_1000040588/11.
4. Ibid., 10–11.
5. Arnold Dallimore, Spurgeon (Chicago: Moody Press, 1984), 71.
6. Ibid.
7. J. D. Fulton, Spurgeon, Our Ally (Chicago: H. J. Smith, 1892), 345.
8. Russell Herman Conwell, Life of Charles Haddon Spurgeon (Edgewood, 1892), 310.
9. Quoted in Mark Hopkins, “The Down-Grade Controversy,” Christian History, https://www.christianhistoryinstitute.org/magazine/article/down-grade-controversy/.
10. Susannah Spurgeon, “Postscript by Mrs. C. H. Spurgeon,” in C. H. Spurgeon, The Autobiography of Charles H. Spurgeon, vol. 2, 1854–1860, comp. by Susannah Spurgeon (Cincinnati: Curtis & Jennings, 1899), 61, available at https://archive.org/details/chspurgeonsauto01spurgoog.
11. Paxton Hibben, Henry Ward Beecher: An American Portrait (New York: George H. Doran, 1927), 149.
12. Ibid., 204.
13. Ibid., 229, 252.
14. Ibid., 232, 238, 244–45.
15. Clifford E. Clark Jr., Henry Ward Beecher: Spokesman for Middle-Class America (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1978), 244.
16. Eunice Beecher, “Mr. and Mrs. Beecher’s Plans,” Ladies’ Home Journal 9 (February 1892): 12.
17. “Oswald J. Smith,” Wikipedia, accessed February 17, 2015, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oswald_J._Smith.
18. Hope Evangeline, Daisy (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1978), 45–46.
19. Lois Neely, Fire in His Bones (Wheaton: Tyndale, 1982), 140–41.
20. Ibid.,161, 167.
21. Ibid., 238–39.
22. Quoted in Sheri Stritof, “Ruth and Norman Vincent Peale Marriage Profile,” About.com, http://marriage.about.com/od/religious/p/normanvpeale.htm.
23. Ruth Peale, The Adventure of Being a Wife (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1971), 55.
24. Norman Vincent Peale, The True Joy of Positive Living (New York: Ballentine, 1984), 130–31.
25. R. Peale, Adventure, 155.
Chapter 13: Aimee Semple McPherson and Pentecostal Preachers
1. “Foursquare,” Wikipedia, accessed February 17, 2015, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foursquare.
2. Glenn Burris Jr., “Get Ready to Join a Town Hall Meeting,” Foursquare Church website, http://www.foursquare.org/news/article/get_ready_to_join_a_town_hall_meeting.
3. Maria Woodworth-Etter, Marvels and Miracles (1922), 16.
4. Gary Kukis, “The Gift of Tongues,” November 13, 2006, http://kukis.org/Tongues/Tongues.htm.
5. Wayne Warner, Maria Woodworth-Etter: For Such a Time as This (Gainesville, FL: Bridge-Logos, 2004), 92.
6. Woodworth-Etter, Marvels and Miracles, 78.
7. Warner, Maria Woodworth-Etter, 351.
8. Gastón Espinosa, Latino Pentecostals in America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014), 286.
9. Allan Anderson, “To All Points of the Compass: The Azusa Street Revival and Global Pentecostalism,” Enrichment Journal, http://enrichmentjournal.ag.org/200602/200602_164_allpoints.cfm.
10. Helen Dyer, “Pandita Ramabai: The Story of the Great Revival at Mukti, India, 1905,” Revival Library, http://www.revival-library.org/catalogues/1904ff/dyer.html.
11. Helen S. Dyer, Pandita Ramabai: Her Vision, Her Mission and Her Triumph of Faith (London: Pickering & Inglis, n.d.), 71.
12. Pandita Ramabai, The High-Caste Hindu Woman (London: George Bell & Sons, 1888), xxi.
13. Shamsundar Manohar Adhav, Pandita Ramabai (Madras: Christian Literature Society, 1979), 131.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., 141–42.
16. Ibid., 142.
17. Matthew Avery Sutton, Aimee Semple McPherson and the Resurrection of Christian America (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009), 196.
Chapter 14: Corrie ten Boom and Celebrated Speakers and Missionaries
1. Anne Frank, The Diary of Anne Frank, rev. critical ed. (New York: Doubleday, 2003), 565.
2. Corrie ten Boom, Tramp for the Lord (Washington, PA: CLC Publications, 1974), 145.
3. Corrie ten Boom, The Hiding Place (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 2009), 223.
4. Ten Boom, Tramp for the Lord, 56.
5. Janet Maslin, film review of Fargo (1996), New York Times, March 8, 1996, http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9803e1da1f39f93ba35750c0a960958260.
6. Mother Teresa, Come Be My Light (New York: Random House, 2007), 210.
7. Sinclere Lee, “A Question of Faith: Letters Reveal Mother Teresa Questioned the Existence of God,” http://www.blacknewsweekly.com/news396.html.
8. Anne Sebba, Mother Teresa: Beyond the Image (New York: Doubleday, 1998), 46.
9. Eileen Egan, Such a Vision of the Street: Mother Teresa—the Spirit and the Work (New York: Doubleday, 1985), 90–91.
10. Ibid., 357.
11. Elisabeth Elliot, No Graven Image (New York: Harper & Row, 1956), 237.
12. Elisabeth Elliot, These Strange Ashes (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1979), 108–9.
13. Elisabeth Elliot, “Thirty Years Later: The Auca Massacre,” Christian Life (April 1986), 28.
14. Alan Burgess, Daylight Must Come: The Story of a Courageous Woman Doctor in the Congo (New York: Dell, 1975), 45.
15. Helen Roseveare, “A HIS Interview with Helen Roseveare,” HIS (January 1977), 19.
16. Ibid., 18.
17. Ibid., 19.
Epilogue
1. Thomas Cahill, Mysteries of the Middle Ages (New York: Random House, 2006), 3.