Notes
NOTES
TWO, THREE, FOUR UPBUILDING DISCOURSES (1843)
1. See Historical Introduction, p. xxi; JP V 5328, 5335, 6073, 6135; VI 6164, 6167, 6173, 6178, 6627 (Pap. II A 231, 243; VIII1 A 397, 650; IX A 68, 71, 85, 106; X3 A 128).
2. See Supplement, pp. 430-31, 432 (Pap. IV B 143, 159:5).
3. The Danish opbyggelig has been variously translated as “edifying,” “devotional,” and “upbuilding.” The last of the three options has been chosen for the present volume primarily because of the too limited meanings of the other two. They are specialized words with quite circumscribed applicability. “Edify” has lost its meaning of “to make a building.” Furthermore, its specialized meaning is, if not archaic, obsolescent and mildly objectionable. As T. H. Croxall observes, “Now if we set out to ‘edify’ an Englishman, it is enough to put him off forthwith. In Danish, however, the word opbyggelig carries no such repulsion” (Johannes Climacus, or De omnibus dubitandum est, tr. T. H. Croxall [London: Adam and Charles Black, 1958], pp. 90-91). At best, “edify” has an aura of mustiness, remoteness, and fragile preciosity and at the same time lends itself readily to an ironical tone. One never hears the word used in its elementary sense; very rarely does one hear it used in its positive specialized sense; occasionally it has an ironical touch. The first volume of Either/Or uses opbyggelig ironically in “Diapsalmata” and in “The Seducer’s Diary” (Either/Or, I, pp. 38, 419, KW III [SV I 22, 386]), as might be expected, but in the discourses opbyggelig is elemental, strong, and positive.
An early use of opbygge by Kierkegaard cannot be translated in any other way than “build up”: “But at the same time that he [Faust] is building up her faith in this way, he is also undermining it” (Either/Or, I, p. 209, KW III [SV I 184]). In the discourses, Kierkegaard’s use of the verb opbygge is like the use of “build” and “build up” in modern translations of the New Testament, whereas the King James Version ordinarily uses “edify” (but also “build up” in a few instances). The Phillips and New English Bible translations consistently have a form of “build” or “build up” or some other term, like “help” or “fortify,” but not “edify.” The Revised Standard Version has “build,” “build up,” or “upbuilding” about twice as frequently as some form of “edify.” For example: “Let us then pursue what makes for peace and for mutual upbuilding” (Romans 14:19); “‘Knowledge’ puffs up, but love builds up” (I Corinthians 8:1); “‘All things are lawful,’ but not all things build up” (I Corinthians 10:23); “On the other hand, he who prophesies speaks to men for their upbuilding and encouragement and consolation” (I Corinthians 14:3).
Kierkegaard keenly appreciated language and the root meanings of words, as is evident, for example, in the last of the eighteen upbuilding discourses, where an upbuilding thought [opbyggelig Tanke] is immediately associated with the analogy of one who plans to erect [opføre] a tower (p. 361). Opbygge is directly and more extensively discussed in Works of Love (KW XVI [SV IX 201-04]) in a long passage on language and metaphor, the opening pages of the chapter “Love Builds Up.”
All human speech, even the divine speech of Holy Scripture, about the spiritual, is essentially metaphorical [overført, carried over, transferred] speech. . . .
One of the metaphorical expressions that Holy Scripture frequently uses, or one of the phrases that Holy Scripture frequently uses metaphorically, is: “to build up.” And it is already upbuilding [opbyggelig]—indeed, it is very upbuilding to see how Holy Scripture does not become weary of this simple phrase, how it does not ingeniously strive for variety and new turns of phrase but, on the contrary and in keeping with the true nature of spirit, renews the thought in the same words! . . .
“To build up” is a metaphorical expression; yet with this secret of the spirit in mind, we shall now see what this word signifies in ordinary speech. “To build up” is formed from “to build” and the adverb “up,” which consequently must receive the accent. Everyone who builds up does build, but not everyone who builds does build up. For example, when a man is building a wing on his house we do not say that he is building up a wing but that he is building on. Consequently, this “up” seems to indicate the direction in height, the upward direction. Yet this is not the case either. For example, if a man builds a sixty-foot building twenty feet higher, we still do not say that he built up the structure twenty feet higher—we say that he built on. Here the meaning of the word already becomes perceptible, for we see that it does not depend on height. . . . This “up” in “build up” indicates height, but it indicates height inversely as depth, since to build up is to build from the ground up . . . . It is commendable that before beginning a man calculates “how high he can erect the tower,” but if he is going to build up, then by all means have him be careful to dig deep, because even if the tower reached the sky, if this were possible, if it lacked a foundation, it would not actually be built up. To build up without a foundation at all is impossible—it is building in the air. Therefore, one is linguistically correct in speaking of “building air castles”; one does not say “build up air castles,” which would be careless and incorrect use of language. Even in a phrase denoting something insignificant there must be congruity between the separate words; there is none between “in the air” and “to build up,” since the former takes away the foundation and the latter refers to this “from the ground up.” The combination, therefore, would be a false overstatement.
So it is with the expression “to build up” in the literal sense; let us now bear in mind that it is a metaphorical expression and proceed to the subject of this deliberation: Love Builds Up.
It is obvious that the only suitable English translation of opbygge in the above long passage is “build up.” “Build,” “build up,” and “upbuilding” may not be elegant and not always idiomatic English terminology in the construction industry, but they are strong and faithful especially as metaphor, and they are in the company of good modern English translations of the New Testament. And here is also an instance attesting to the soundness of the view that wherever an adequate English word with a Germanic root is available as a translation of a word in Danish (also a Germanic language), it is usually to be preferred to an English word with a Latin root. See JP IV 4923-26 and pp. 759-62; VII, p. 99.
4. See Historical Introduction, pp. xiv-xvii, and Supplement, pp. 482-83 (Pap. X1 A 510, 520, 593); Sickness unto Death, title, KW XIX (SV XI 113).
5. See Supplement, pp. 431-32, 488-89 (Pap. IV B 159:6; VII2 B 235; X6 B 145).
6. “That single individual,” initially specific, became Everyone, the universal singular to whom the entire authorship is addressed. See Historical Introduction, pp. xvii-xxi.
7. Kierkegaard’s thirtieth birthday.
8. See Matthew 10:29. In The Concept of Anxiety (p. 54, KW VIII [SV IV 325]), Kierkegaard states, “It is not my intention to write a learned work or to waste time in search of literary proof texts.” Consequently he is at times somewhat free in quoting various works. This same freedom is often exercised in his quoting of biblical texts. Furthermore, the Danish Bible translation of his time (1830; ASKB 7) has some terminology at variance with twentieth-century English translations. Therefore, translations of Bible-related passages in the discourses are of Kierkegaard’s Danish text and frequently have some terminology not found in the RSV and other current English translations. See Niels Munk Plum, “Lidt om Søren Kierkegaards Citationsmaade,” Teologisk Tidsskrift, Række IV, VIII, 1927, pp. 42-49.
9. The discourses were intended to be read aloud. See Historical Introduction, pp. xx-xxi.
10. See Mark 12:30-33.
11. See John 5:1-9.
12. See Galatians 3:24-25.
13. See Matthew 15:27; Luke 16:21.
14. Note the change from the plural on p. 8 to the singular here.
15. Cf. Job 9:3.
16. Ecclesiastes 1:9.
17. See Romans 8:28.
18. Luke 10:42.
19. Cf. James 1:17. See pp. 32, 125.
20. See Psalm 33:4; I Corinthians 1:9, 10:13.
21. See Mark 12:30-33.
22. See Practice, KW XX (SV XII 181).
23. Cf. The Concept of Irony, with Continual Reference to Socrates, p. 67, KW II (SV XIII 160 fn.).
24. See Supplement, p. 424 (Pap. IV B 161).
25. See I Corinthians 3:19; Job 5:12-13.
26. See Psalm 145:16.
27. See Luke 17:5.
28. See James 5:7.
29. Cf. John 3:8.
30. Cf. I Corinthians 13:12. The Danish New Testament of the time (1830; ASKB 7) has mørk Tale [dark saying].
31. See I John 5:8.
32. See Luke 21:19.
33. See I John 5:4.
34. See I Peter 3:4; Romans 2:7.
35. See II Corinthians 11:1, 17, 21; Romans 3:5.
36. See James 1:13.
37. See I Peter 5:6.
38. The source has not been located.
39. See Psalm 14:2.
40. See John 16:16.
41. See Psalm 104:30.
42. See Supplement, p. 478 (IX A 216). See also note 100 below.
43. See James 1:14.
44. See Hebrews 1:14.
45. See Isaiah 66:18; Psalm 94:11, 139:2-5.
46. See John 14:2-3.
47. See II Corinthians 9:7.
48. See Luke 21:19.
49. See Acts 1:9.
50. See Genesis 1:31.
51. See Ephesians 6:12.
52. See I Timothy 4:4.
53. See I Timothy 4:3.
54. See Romans 8:28.
55. See I Thessalonians 5:17.
56. See Acts 2:3.
57. See Luke 8:15.
58. See I John 4:10, 19.
59. See II Timothy 2:13.
60. See I John 4:19.
61. See Luke 18:11.
62. On jest as the expressive, indicative ethics of the gift, see JP II 2137-40 and p. 605. In JP I 993 (Pap. X3 A 734) the same conception of jest is expressed as “a striving born of gratitude.”
63. See I John 4:10.
64. See I John 3:20.
65. See Isaiah 42:3.
66. See II Corinthians 4:16.
67. See Luke 23:43.
68. See p. 340 and note 318.
69. See note 1 above.
70. See notes 3, 4, 5 above.
71. With reference to the Preface, see Supplement, p. 432 (Pap. IV B 159:5).
72. With reference to the following parenthesis, see Supplement, pp. 431-32 (Pap. IV B 159:6; VII2 B 235).
73. See note 6 above.
74. See note 9 above.
75. With reference to the end of the Preface, see Supplement, p. 432 (Pap. IV B 159:7).
76. See note 8 above. With reference to the heading, see Supplement, p. 432 (Pap. IV B 159:8).
77. See Supplement, p. 432 (Pap. IV B 145).
78. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, cf. I Corinthians 13.
79. See Mark 12:42-44.
80. The idea is attributed to Solon (c. 639-559 B.C.), Athenian statesman. See, for example, Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics, 1100 a; Aristoteles graece, I-II, ed. Immanuel Bekker (Berlin: 1831; ASKB 1074-75), II, p. 1100; The Complete Works of Aristotle, I-II, ed. Jonathan Barnes (rev. Oxford tr., Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984), II, p. 1738; Herodotus, History, I, 32-34; Die Geschichten des Herodotos, I-II, tr. Friedrich Lange (Berlin: 1811-12; ASKB 1117), I, pp. 18-20; Herodotus, I-IV, tr. A. D. Godley (Loeb, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981-82), I, pp. 39-41:
“. . . Thus then, Croesus, the whole of man is but chance. Now if I [Solon] am to speak of you, I say that I see you very rich and the king of many men. But I cannot yet answer your question, before I hear that you have ended your life well. For he who is very rich is not more blest than he who has but enough for the day, unless fortune so attend him that he ends his life well, having all good things about him. Many men of great wealth are unblest, and many that have no great substance are fortunate. Now the very rich man who is yet unblest has but two advantages over the fortunate man, but the fortunate man has many advantages over the rich but unblest: for this latter is the stronger to accomplish his desire and to bear the stroke of great calamity; but these are the advantages of the fortunate man, that though he be not so strong as the other to deal with calamity and desire, yet these are kept far from him by his good fortune, and he is free from deformity, sickness, and all evil, and happy in his children and his comeliness. If then such a man besides all this shall also end his life well, then he is the man whom you seek, and is worthy to be called blest; but we must wait till he be dead, and call him not yet blest, but fortunate. Now no one (who is but man) can have all these good things together, just as no land is altogether self-sufficing in what it produces: one thing it has, another it lacks, and the best land is that which has most; so too no single person is sufficient for himself: one thing he has, another he lacks; but whoever continues in the possession of most things, and at last makes a gracious end of his life, such a man, O King, I deem worthy of this title. We must look to the conclusion of every matter, and see how it shall end, for there are many to whom heaven has given a vision of blessedness, and yet afterwards brought them to utter ruin.”
So spoke Solon: Croesus therefore gave him no largess, but sent him away as a man of no account, for he thought that man to be very foolish who disregarded present prosperity and bade him look rather to the end of every matter.
But after Solon’s departure, the divine anger fell heavily upon Croesus: as I guess, because he supposed himself blest beyond all other men.
Later, Croesus (fl. 560 B.C.), king of Lydia, recalled and expressed the idea when Cyrus, king of Persia, was about to have him burned to death; whereupon Cyrus reprieved him. See Herodotos, I, pp. 86-87; Loeb, I, pp. 109-13; JP III 2739 (Pap. IV A 3).
81. See Deuteronomy 32:35; Romans 12:19.
82. See Exodus 20:5.
83. See, for example, Works of Love, KW XVI (SV IX 69).
84. See Hebrews 1:1.
85. See Philippians 3:13-14; I Corinthians 9:24.
86. See Galatians 4:3.
87. See I John 3:20.
88. See Matthew 20:1-16.
89. See Luke 7:41.
90. See Tobit 4:7.
91. See Matthew 7:1-5; Romans 2:5.
92. See Titus 1:15.
93. See Mark 7:22 (marginal reference in Kierkegaard’s manuscript). The King James translation and the Danish translation of the time (1830; ASKB 7) have “an evil eye,” but this is omitted in the Revised Standard Version.
94. See Matthew 20:15 (marginal reference in Kierkegaard’s manuscript).
95. See Matthew 5:8 (marginal reference in Kierkegaard’s manuscript).
96. See Matthew 6:22-23 (marginal reference in Kierkegaard’s manuscript).
97. See Proverbs 10:10.
98. See Matthew 5:22 (marginal reference in Kierkegaard’s manuscript).
99. T. Kingo, “Ak, Herre, se Min Hjerte-Vee,” stanza 8, Psalmer og aandelige Sange af Thomas Kingo, ed. Peter Andreas Fenger (Copenhagen: 1827; ASKB 203), no. 221, pp. 491-92 (ed. tr.).
100. Danish: opelske [to raise, cultivate, encourage]. In Kierkegaard’s writings it means to love up, to love forth. See, for example, Works of Love, KW XVI (SV IX 208), in which opelske is used along with opbygge [to build up] and opdrage [to draw upward, to bring up, to educate; cf. Latin educere, to lead out, to lead forward]. In Works of Love and Eighteen Discourses, fremelske and opelske are synonymous. See also JP V 5526 (Pap. III A 171).
101. See Genesis 4:7.
102. See Galatians 5:20-23.
103. See Matthew 13:12.
104. See James 5:20.
105. See Isaiah 42:3; Matthew 12:20.
106. See Luke 15:20-24.
107. See II Corinthians 6:14.
108. See I Corinthians 13:7.
109. See I Peter 3:9.
110. See Romans 12:14.
111. See Matthew 5:39-41.
112. See Matthew 18:22.
113. See Psalm 32:1.
114. Bias (fl. 550 B.C.), one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece. See Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, I, 5, 86; Diogen Laërtses filosofiske Historie, I-II, tr. Børge Riisbrigh (Copenhagen: 1812; ASKB 1110-11), I, p. 38; Diogenis Laertii de vitis philosophorum, I-II (Leipzig: 1833; ASKB 1109), I, p. 41; Diogenes Laertius, I-II, tr. R. D. Hicks (Loeb, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979-80), I, p. 89:
He was once on a voyage with some impious men; and, when a storm was encountered, even they began to call upon the gods for help. “Peace!” said he, “lest they hear and become aware that you are here in the ship.”
115. See Acts 27:22.
116. See Matthew 24:22; Mark 13:19-20.
117. See Hebrews 4:12.
118. See James 5:16.
119. See Genesis 18:22-33.
120. See I Corinthians 6:3.
121. With reference to the following paragraph, see Supplement, p. 433 (Pap. IV B 144).
122. See John 8:3-11.
123. See Supplement, p. 435 (Pap. IV B 149).
124. See Supplement, pp. 432, 435 (Pap. IV B 145, 148).
125. See Philippians 2:12.
126. See I Corinthians 9:26.
127. See I Corinthians 9:22.
128. See Romans 13:12; I Thessalonians 5:4-8.
129. See John 9:4.
130. See I Peter 4:7.
131. See I Peter 4:8; Supplement, p. 424 (Pap. IV B 161).
132. See Hebrews 9:27.
133. See I Corinthians 13.
134. See James 2:13.
135. See John 5:44.
136. See Luke 18:9-14.
137. See Mark 12:17.
138. See Job 9:3.
139. See Horace, Carminum, III, i, 40; Q. Horatii Flacci opera (Leipzig: 1828; ASKB 1248), p. 145; Horace The Odes and Epodes, tr. C. E. Bennett (Loeb, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978), p. 171: “But Fear and Threats climb to the selfsame spot the owner does; nor does black Care quit the brassbound galley and even takes her seat behind the horseman.”
140. Hans Adolph Brorson, “Flye min Aand, og bryd med Styrke,” stanza 1, Psalmer og aandelige Sange, ed. Jens Albrecht Leonard Holm (Copenhagen: 1838; ASKB 200), 203, p. 604 (ed. tr.). The Brorson text has Satans [of Satan] instead of Syndens [of sin].
141. See Luke 7:36-50. An Upbuilding Discourse, in Without Authority, KW XVIII (SV XII 243-59), is an extended consideration of this theme.
142. See Supplement, p. 435 (Pap. IV B 159:14).
143. With reference to the following paragraph, see Supplement, p. 433 (Pap. IV B 144).
144. See Luke 7:41-43.
145. See Luke 7:47.
146. With reference to the following paragraph, see Supplement, p. 436 (Pap. IV B 151:1).
147. See II Corinthians 4:16.
148. With reference to the following paragraph, see Supplement, p. 436 (Pap. IV B 151:2).
149. See Galatians 1:15-16, 2:2.
150. See I Peter 2:20.
151. See II Timothy 4:9-16.
152. See II Corinthians 6:10.
153. See Ephesians 3:13.
154. See Mark 2:20.
155. See I Corinthians 9:26.
156. See I Corinthians 1:18.
157. See II Corinthians 1:23; I Thessalonians 2:5.
158. See Ephesians 3:16.
159. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 436 (Pap. IV B 151:2).
160. See Matthew 16:2-3.
161. See James 4:13.
162. See Luke 12:16-21.
163. See James 4:14.
164. See I Corinthians 3:9.
165. With reference to the following three paragraphs, see Supplement, p. 436 (Pap. IV B 151:8).
166. With reference to the remainder of the sentence, see Supplement, pp. 436-37 (Pap. IV B 151:5); Works of Love, KW XVI (SV IX 218-19).
167. See Supplement, p. 437 (Pap. IV B 152).
168. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 437 (Pap. IV B 151:7).
169. With reference to the following three paragraphs, see Supplement, pp. 437-38 (Pap. IV B 151:3).
170. See Acts 14:17; I Corinthians 10:13.
171. See John 4:24.
172. With reference to the following six sentences, see Supplement, p. 438 (Pap. IV B 153:1-2).
173. See Mark 10:23.
174. Matthew 7:13-14.
175. With reference to the following sentence, see Supplement, p. 438 (Pap. IV B 154:1).
176. See Job 1:5.
177. With reference to the following two sentences, see Supplement, pp. 438-39 (Pap. IV B 154:2).
178. See Matthew 4:8-9.
179. With reference to the following two sentences, see Supplement, p. 439 (Pap. IV B 153:3-4).
180. See I Corinthians 7:31; II Corinthians 6:10.
181. See Luke 12:18.
182. With reference to the following three sentences, see Supplement, p. 439 (Pap. IV B 153:4).
183. See Luke 16:2.
184. With reference to the following sentence, see Supplement, p. 439 (Pap. IV B 151:6).
185. See Exodus 13:21-22.
186. With reference to the following paragraph, see Supplement, pp. 439-40 (Pap. IV B 151:9).
187. With reference to the following eight sentences, see Supplement, p. 440 (Pap. IV B 158:1).
188. See Romans 5:3-4.
189. See Hebrews 5:8.
190. See Genesis 23:17-20.
191. With reference to the following paragraph, see Supplement, p. 440 (Pap. IV B 158:2).
192. See I Corinthians 2:9; Fragments, p. 109, KW VII (SV IV 271).
193. With reference to the following paragraph, see Supplement, pp. 440-41 (Pap. IV B 158:3-4).
194. See Ephesians 2:3.
195. See JP I 744 (Pap. IV A 165), reference to Die deutsche Theologie mit einer Vorrede von Dr. M. Luther und Johann Arnd, ed. Friedrich C. Krüger (Lemgo: 1822; ASKB 634), p. 41. Cf. Sickness unto Death, pp. 72-74, KW XIX (SV XI 183-85).
196. See II Peter 3:8.
197. See Hebrews 12:6.
198. See Ephesians 3:13-19.
199. See James 1:17.
200. With reference to the following three sentences, see Supplement, p. 441 (Pap. IV B 158:7-8).
201. With reference to the preceding clause, see Supplement, p. 441 (Pap. IV B 158:6).
202. With reference to the remainder of the sentence, see Supplement, p. 441 (Pap. IV B 158:9).
203. With reference to the following sentence, see Supplement, pp. 441-42 (Pap. IV B 158:5).
204. See Romans 12:15.
205. Ibid.
206. See Romans 8:38.
207. With reference to the following paragraph, see Supplement, p. 442 (Pap. IV B 151:4). Cf. “The First Love,” Either/Or, I, pp. 231-79, KW III (SV I 205-51).
208. See note 1 above.
209. See note 3 above.
210. See note 4 above.
211. See note 5 above.
212. See Mark 12:41-44.
213. See Supplement, p. 424 (Pap. IV B 161); Postscript, KW XII (SV VII 231-32 fn.).
214. See Repetition, pp. 204-13, KW VI (SV III 238-46).
215. See Job 7:11.
216. See I Corinthians 10:13.
217. Cf. the trial sermon in JP IV 3916 (Pap. IV C 1, pp. 360-69).
218. See II Timothy 4:7.
219. See Ecclesiastes 1:18.
220. See I Corinthians 13:12.
221. See I Corinthians 15:42.
222. See Job 4:4.
223. See Job 29:4.
224. See Job 1:20.
225. Job 1:21.
226. See Genesis 41:29-30.
227. See James 1:17.
228. See Job 4:3-4.
229. See Job 29:8.
230. See Job 29:13.
231. See Mark 9:43-48.
232. See Job 1:1.
233. See Luke 8:15.
234. See Job 1:15.
235. See Job 1:16.
236. See Matthew 7:26.
237. See Exodus 33:23.
238. On this theme, see The Changelessness of God, in The Moment and Late Writings, KW XXIII (SV XIV 276-94).
239. See I Peter 5:7.
240. See Mark 4:9.
241. See I Corinthians 13:1.
242. See Job 2:9.
243. See pp. 31-48; Supplement, p. 424 (Pap. IV B 161).
244. See Genesis 2:16-17.
245. See Ecclesiastes 1:18.
246. See Genesis 1:4, 10, 12, 18, 21, 25, 31.
247. See Genesis 2:21-22.
248. Aristotle’s definition of God. See Metaphysics, 1072 b; Bekker, II, p. 1072; Works, II, p. 1694:
That that for the sake of which is found among the unmovables is shown by making a distinction; for that for the sake of which is both that for which and that towards which, and of these the one is unmovable and the other is not. Thus it produces motion by being loved, and it moves the other moving things. Now if something is moved it is capable of being otherwise than as it is. Therefore if the actuality of the heavens is primary motion, then in so far as they are in motion, in this respect they are capable of being otherwise,—in place, even if not in substance. But since there is something which moves while itself unmoved, existing actually, this can in no way be otherwise than as it is.
249. See Isaiah 11:6.
250. See Genesis 2:19-20.
251. See Psalm 85:11.
252. See Genesis 3:8-9.
253. See Genesis 3:6.
254. See Genesis 3:18-19.
255. See, for example, Anxiety, pp. 31, 33, 98, KW VIII (SV IV 303-04, 305, 368).
256. See Matthew 12:29; Mark 3:27; Luke 11:21-22.
257. See Philippians 2:10.
258. See Proverbs 16:8, 19; Psalm 37:16.
259. See Luke 10:42.
260. Cf. Psalm 103:13.
261. See I Corinthians 3:1-2.
262. See Luke 15:16.
263. See Matthew 13:25.
264. See Matthew 13:24-28.
265. See Matthew 6:3.
266. See Matthew 19:17.
267. See Fragments, pp. 14-18, 58-59, 62-66, 68-69, KW VII (SV IV 184-87, 224, 227-30, 232-33).
268. See Philippians 2:13.
269. See Philippians 1:6.
270. See Acts 17:28.
271. See Matthew 12:30.
272. See Galatians 1:16.
273. See I Corinthians 12:31.
274. See Acts 1:9.
275. See Romans 11:34.
276. See pp. 297-326.
277. See Acts 7:55-56.
278. See John 8:9.
279. See Psalms 141:1, 143:7.
280. See James 1:19-20.
281. See Mark 8:36.
282. See Ephesians 4:26.
283. See I Thessalonians 4:5-7.
284. See Matthew 15:33-37; Mark 8:1-8.
285. See Matthew 11:12; Luke 16:16.
286. Cf. Sirach 4:18.
287. See Colossians 4:2.
288. See Luke 11:13.
289. See note 243 above.
290. See James 2:1.
291. See James 2:2-4.
292. See Matthew 22:30.
293. See I Corinthians 7:29-31.
294. See James 1:9-10.
295. See John 8:1-11.
296. See Matthew 5:28.
297. See Mark 12:31; James 2:8.
298. See Psalm 23:4.
299. See Exodus 3:2.
300. See Ephesians 6:12.
301. See Job 1:21.
302. See Ephesians 4:30.
303. See I Corinthians 7:21.
304. See Matthew 15:5; Mark 7:11.
305. See II Corinthians 9:7.
306. See Matthew 26:53.
307. See Luke 14:12.
308. Croesus (fl. 560 B.C.), wealthy king of Lydia. See note 80 above.
309. See Matthew 4:1-9.
310. See Romans 14:17.
311. With a kiss, Judas betrayed Christ to the Roman soldiers. See Matthew 26:49; Mark 14:45; Luke 22:48.
312. See Matthew 10:28.
313. See Matthew 16:26; Mark 8:36.
314. See Philippians 2:12.
315. See Matthew 6:3.
316. Cf. Matthew 6:2.
317. See I Corinthians 4:2.
318. See Luke 18:1-5.
319. See Matthew 5:23-24.
320. See Kingo, “Far, Verden, far vel,” stanza 2, Psalmer, 93, p. 253.
321. See Matthew 11:5.
322. See I John 4:20.
323. See John 9:6-11.
324. See John 18:15-17, 25-27.
325. See Luke 16:21.
326. See Matthew 6:26.
327. See Matthew 6:28-29.
328. See Luke 16:9.
329. Cf. Leviticus 25:10, 13, 28, 40.
330. See Matthew 10:24.
331. Acts 20:35.
332. See, for example, Plato, Symposium, 212 b-c; Platonis quae exstant opera, I-XI, ed. Friedrich Ast (Leipzig: 1819-32; ASKB 1144-54), III, pp. 20-21; The Collected Dialogues of Plato, ed. Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963), p. 563 (Socrates speaking):
This, Phaedrus—this, gentlemen—was the doctrine of Diotima. I was convinced, and in that conviction I try to bring others to the same creed, and to convince them that, if we are to make this gift our own, Love will help our mortal nature more than all the world. And this is why I say that every man of us should worship the god of love, and this is why I cultivate and worship all the elements of Love myself, and bid others do the same. And all my life I shall pay the power and the might of Love such homage as I can. So you may call this my eulogy of Love, Phaedrus, if you choose; if not, well, call it what you like.
333. See John 9:4.
334. See Matthew 6:19-20.
335. See Romans 13:8.
336. The text follows the Danish Bible (1830; ASKB 7) of Kierkegaard’s time. See Supplement, pp. 424-25 (Pap. IV B 160).
337. From a children’s rhyme. See Børnerim, illus. Frants Henningsen (Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 1919), n.p. (ed. tr.):
The rich bird comes swishing,
Comes flaunting
Over the fields and the meadows,
‘And do you see, you poor bird,
You poor bird,
How my feathers do shine?’
The poor bird comes limping,
comes hobbling
Over the fields and the meadows,
‘And do you see, you rich bird,
You rich bird,
How my feathers do hang?’
338. See I Peter 3:4.
339. Cf. Johann Wolfgang v. Goethe, Faust, I, 208-09; Goethe’s Werke. Vollständige Ausgabe letzter Hand, I-LX (Stuttgart, Tübingen: 1828-42; ASKB 1641-68 [I-LV]), XII, p. 37; Faust, tr. Bayard Taylor (New York: Random House, 1950), p. 22 (Wagner speaking):
Ah, God! but Art is long,
And Life, alas! is fleeting.
340. See Matthew 24:15; Mark 13:14.
341. See Mark 8:36-37.
342. See Job 1:21.
343. See I Timothy 6:7.
344. See James 5:7.
345. See Luke 5:5.
346. An echo of the language but not of the thought of Hegel. Cf., for example, G.W.F. Hegel, Phänomenologie des Geistes, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel’s Werke. Vollständige Ausgabe, I-XVIII, ed. Philipp K. Marheineke et al. (Berlin: 1832-45; ASKB 549-65), II, pp. 124-25; Sämtliche Werke. Jubiläumsausgabe [J.A.], I-XXVI, ed. Hermann Glockner (Stuttgart, Frommann: 1927-40), II, pp. 132-33; The Phenomenology of Mind (tr. primarily of P.G., 3 ed., 1841; Kierkegaard had 2 ed., 1832), tr. J. B. Baillie (New York: Harper, 1967), pp. 206-07:
We have to think pure flux, opposition within opposition itself, or Contradiction. For in the distinction, which is an internal distinction, the opposite is not only one of two factors—if so, it would not be an opposite, but a bare existent—it is the opposite of an opposite, or the other is itself directly and immediately present within it. No doubt I put the opposite here and the other, of which it is the opposite, there; that is, I place the opposite on one side, taking it by itself without the other. Just on that account, however, since I have here the opposite all by itself, it is the opposite of its own self, that is, it has in point of fact the other immediately within itself. Thus the supersensible world, which is the inverted world, has at the same time reached out beyond the other world and has in itself that other; it is to itself conscious of being inverted (für sich verkehrte), i.e. it is the inverted form of itself; it is that world itself and its opposite in a single unity. Only thus is it distinction as internal distinction, or distinction per se; in other words, only thus is it in the form of Infinity.
347. See Sickness unto Death, p. 13, KW XIX (SV XI 127).
348. See Mark 12:17.
349. See Luke 10:42.
350. See Luke 8:15.
351. See, for example, JP III 3660-64 and pp. 908-09; VII, p. 80.
352. See, for example, Repetition, KW VI (SV III 171-264); JP III 3791-95 and pp. 920-21; VII, p. 81.
353. See Hebrews 10:39; James 1:21, 5:20.
354. See Luke 21:25-26.
355. See II Peter 3:10, 12.
356. See Isaiah 34:4; Psalm 102:26.
357. See Luke 21:26.
358. See I John 3:2.
359. See James 1:22-25.
360. See James 2:19.
361. See Matthew 11:12.
TWO, THREE, FOUR UPBUILDING DISCOURSES (1844)
1. See p. 5 and notes 3-6.
2. See Ecclesiastes 7:2.
3. See I Thessalonians 5:3.
4. See Hans Adolph Brorson, “Jeg gaaer i Fare, hvor jeg gaaer,” stanza 1, Psalmer og aandelige Sange, ed. Jens Albrecht Leonhard Holm (Copenhagen: 1838; ASKB 200), 168, p. 513.
5. See Philippians 2:12.
6. See, for example, Exodus 9:15; Numbers 14:12.
7. The Danish phrase “for Livs og Døds Skyld” [literally, “for the sake of life and of death,” or “since life is uncertain”] was commonly used in private business in Kierkegaard’s time to designate a desire for written documentation. See, for example, C. A. Reitzel’s statement of account covering the sale of some of Kierkegaard’s books in Frithiof Brandt and Else Rammel, Søren Kierkegaard og Pengene (Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1935), p. 15.
8. See I Thessalonians 5:2.
9. See James 1:23-24.
10. See I Corinthians 9:26.
11. See Matthew 6:34.
12. See Luke 16:2.
13. See Luke 14:28-30.
14. See Matthew 6:27; John 3:27.
15. See I Corinthians 3:2.
16. An allusion to Julius Caesar’s “Veni, vidi, vici.” See Suetonius, “Julius Caesar,” 37, The Lives of the Caesars; Caji Suetonii Tranquilli Tolv første Romerske Keiseres Levnetsbeskrivelse, I-II, tr. Jacob Baden (Copenhagen: 1802-03; ASKB 1281), I, p. 35; Suetonius, I-II, tr. J. C. Rolfe (Loeb, New York: Macmillan, 1914), I, p. 51:
Having ended the wars, he celebrated five triumphs, four in a single month, but at intervals of a few days, after vanquishing Scipio; and another on defeating Pompey’s sons. The first and most splendid was the Gallic triumph, the next the Alexandrian, then the Pontic, after that the African, and finally the Spanish, each differing from the rest in its equipment and display of spoils. As he rode through the Velabrum on the day of his Gallic triumph, the axle of his chariot broke, and he was all but thrown out; and he mounted the Capitol by torchlight, with forty elephants bearing lamps on his right and his left. In his Pontic triumph he displayed among the show-pieces of the procession an inscription of but three words, “I came, I saw, I conquered,” not indicating the events of the war, as the others did, but the speed with which it was finished.
17. See Horace, Carminum, I, i, 35-36; Q. Horatii Flacci opera (Leipzig: 1828; ASKB 1248), p. 2; Horace The Odes and Epodes, tr. E. C. Bennett (Loeb, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978), p. 5: “But if you rank me among lyric bards, I shall touch the stars with my exalted head.”
18. See James 4:13-15.
19. See Genesis 22:16; Hebrews 6:13.
20. See Matthew 20:3-6.
21. See I Corinthians 9:24-26; Philippians 3:14.
22. See John 3:21.
23. See Hebrews 6:4.
24. See, for example, Matthew 8:12.
25. See Psalm 1:1; Luke 16:3.
26. Cf. Matthew 4:5-8.
27. See Repetition, pp. 131-32, KW VI (SV III 174).
28. Ibid., pp. 131-33 (173-75).
29. See Adelbert v. Chamisso, Peter Schlemihl’s wundersame Geschichte (Nuremberg: 1835; ASKB 1630), pp. 7-9; Peter Schlemihl’s forunderlige Historie, tr. Frederik Schaldemose (Copenhagen: 1841), pp. 9-11; Peter Schlemihl, tr. Leopold von Loewenstein-Wertheim (London: Calder, 1957), pp. 21-23:
“In the short time in which I had the good fortune to find myself in your presence I have, my dear sir, repeatedly—if you will permit me to say so—observed with truly inexpressible admiration the magnificent shadow which you, standing in the sun, with a certain noble contempt and without being aware of it, cast from you—this wonderful shadow there at your feet. Forgive this truly daring imposition but would you not perhaps consider disposing of your shadow?”
I was silent, my head in a whirl. What was I to make of this strange request to buy my shadow? He must be crazy, I thought, and in a tone that contrasted forcibly with the humility of his own I answered:
“Come, come, my good friend, will not your own shadow do? This seems a deal of a most unusual kind.”
“Will the gentleman deign to inspect and try out this purse.” He put his hand in his pocket and produced a firmly stitched leather purse of moderate size with two strong leather strings and handed it to me. I dipped into it and took out ten pieces of gold and ten more, ten more, and yet another ten. I quickly held out my hand to him and said:
“Done, the deal is on. For this purse you may have my shadow.”
We shook hands on it, he knelt down and I watched him as, with astounding dexterity, he silently detached my shadow from head to foot from the lawn. He lifted it up, carefully folded it and finally put it into his pocket. He then stood up, bowed deeply and withdrew to the rose-grove. I thought I heard him softly laughing to himself. I firmly held the purse by its strings—the sun was shining brightly around me—as I stood there dazed by what had happened.
30. See Either/Or, I, pp. 33-34, KW III (SV I 18).
31. See Matthew 23:4; Luke 11:46.
32. See Luke 10:30-35.
33. See Matthew 25:21.
34. Cf. Letters, Letters 167, 196, KW XXV.
35. See Revelation 3:15-16.
36. See Genesis 19:26.
37. See Romans 8:28.
38. See Romans 15:5.
39. See Matthew 10:28.
40. See Romans 12:15.
41. Valdemar Atterdag (1320-1375), king of Denmark.
42. See Johann Ludvig Heiberg, Syvsoverdag, III, 5 (Copenhagen: 1840), p. 132 (ed. tr.): “As for me, God may keep paradise if he will only let me keep Gurre [castle].”
43. See Luke 12:20, 23:43; Hebrews 4:7.
44. See Matthew 19:3.
45. See I Timothy 6:12; II Timothy 4:7.
46. See I Corinthians 10:13.
47. See Mark 15:31.
48. See Supplement, pp. 424-25 (Pap. IV B 160).
49. See Psalm 90:4.
50. See Genesis 8:22.
51. See John 5:2-7.
52. See Genesis 3:15.
53. See John 8:56.
54. See Ephesians 2:19; Hebrews 11:9, 13.
55. See Galatians 4:4; Ephesians 1:10.
56. See Matthew 2:9-11.
57. See Luke 2:25-38.
58. See Romans 12:12.
59. See p. 61 and note 100.
60. See Mark 12:25; Matthew 22:30; Galatians 3:28.
61. See Luke 23:28.
62. See “The Work of Love in Commemorating One Who Is Dead,” Works of Love, KW XVI (SV IX 327-39).
63. See Genesis 29:18-30.
64. See Matthew 21:18-20; Mark 11:13-14; Luke 13:6-9.
65. Cf. I Timothy 2:12; Luke 2:38.
66. See Luke 10:42.
67. See I John 2:17.
68. See Matthew 25:1-13.
69. See p. 56 and note 80.
70. See Matthew 10:29.
71. See I Thessalonians 5:19.
72. See I Peter 5:7.
73. See Acts 24:15.
74. Cf. Sickness unto Death, pp. 14, 49, 101, 131, KW XIX (SV XI 128, 160, 211, 240).
75. See I John 4:18.
76. See Luke 2:38.
77. See Matthew 25:21; Luke 19:17.
78. See Matthew 6:21; Luke 12:34.
79. See Luke 10:23-24.
80. See Matthew 11:3.
81. See Genesis 25:29-34.
82. See Proverbs 25:11.
83. See Matthew 25:14-29; Luke 19:12-26.
84. See Supplement, p. 442 (Pap. IV A 145, 171).
85. See Matthew 17:21; Mark 9:29.
86. See Proverbs 16:32.
87. See Psalm 126:5.
88. See Matthew 5:1-12.
89. See Luke 23:29.
90. Beundring is usually translated as “admiration.” For a discussion of the special use of Beundring as “wonder” in the writings from 1843 to 1844, see Fragments, p. 80, KW VII (SV IV 244) and note 35.
91. Horace, “Nil admirari,” Epistolarum, I, 6, 1; Opera, p. 232; Horace Satires, Epistles and Ars Poetica, tr. H. Rushton Fairclough (Loeb, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1978), p. 287:
“Marvel at nothing”—that is perhaps the one and only thing, Numicius, that can make a man happy and keep him so. Yon sun, the stars and seasons that pass in fixed courses—some can gaze upon these with no strain of fear: what think you of the gifts of earth, or what of the sea’s, which makes rich far distant Arabs and Indians—what of the shows, the plaudits and the favours of the friendly Roman—in what wise, with what feelings and eyes think you they should be viewed?
And he who fears their opposites “marvels” in much the same way as the man who desires: in either case ’tis the excitement that annoys, the moment some unexpected appearance startles either. Whether a man feel joy or grief, desire or fear, what matters it if, when he has seen aught better or worse than he expected, his eyes are fast riveted, and mind and body are benumbed? Let the wise man bear the name of madman, the just of unjust, should he pursue Virtue herself beyond due bounds.
92. See I Corinthians 13:11.
93. See Ecclesiastes 1:9.
94. See p. 5 and notes 3-6.
95. See Supplement, p. 442 (Pap. V B 195:4).
96. See I Corinthians 15:42, 53-54.
97. See Works of Love, KW XVI (SV IX 221-25).
98. See Ecclesiastes 1:1.
99. See Matthew 16:26; Mark 8:36-37.
100. See Ecclesiastes 1:14.
101. See Luke 11:26.
102. See Ecclesiastes 11:9-10.
103. See Job 38:11.
104. See Ecclesiastes 12:1.
105. See Matthew 18:3.
106. See Romans 12:15.
107. With reference to the following paragraph, see Supplement, pp. 442-43 (Pap. V B 194).
108. See, for example, Fragments, pp. 39-44, 94-96, KW VII (SV IV 207-11, 257-58).
109. See Genesis 3:8-10.
110. See Benedict Spinoza, Tractatus theologico-politicus, VI; Opera philosophica omnia, ed. August F. Gfroerer (Stuttgart: 1830; ASKB 788), pp. 142-44; Philosophy of Benedict de Spinoza, I-II, tr. R.H.M. Elwes (London: Bell, 1909), I, pp. 94-97; Fragments, pp. 41-42, KW VII (SV IV 208-09 fn.); JP II 1333 (Pap. IV A 190).
111. See Nicolai Edinger Balle, Lærebog i den Evangelisk-christelige Religion indrettet, til Brug i de danske Skoler, I, 1, 2 (Copenhagen: 1824; ASKB 183), p. 5; Repetition, p. 203, KW VI (SV III 237).
112. Lucilio (Julius Caesar) Vanini (1585-1619), Italian pantheistic philosopher, burned at the stake in Toulouse. See W. D. Fuhrmann, Leben und Schicksal des Lucilio Vanini (Leipzig: 1800), p. 112. See also Hegel, Geschichte der Philosophie, III, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel’s Werke. Vollständige Ausgabe, I-XVIII, ed. Philipp Marheineke et al. (Berlin: 1832-45; ASKB 549-65), XV, p. 244; Sämtliche Werke. Jubiläumsausgabe [J.A.], I-XXVI, ed. Hermann Glockner (Stuttgart, Frommann: 1927-40), XIX, p. 244; Hegel’s Lectures on the History of Philosophy, I-III (tr. of G.P., 2 ed., 1840-44; Kierkegaard had 1 ed., 1833-36), tr. E. S. Haldane and Frances H. Simson (New York: Humanities Press, 1955), III, p. 137.
113. See Psalm 90:4.
114. See Genesis 1:31.
115. See, for example, Fear and Trembling, pp. 5-7, KW VI (SV III 57-59).
116. See Acts 17:28.
117. See Luke 15:8.
118. See Luke 15:3-4.
119. Diogenes of Sinope (412-323 B.C..) See Diogenes Laertius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, VI, 2, 40-41; Diogen Laërtses filosofiske Historie, I-II, tr. Børge Riisbrigh (Copenhagen: 1812; ASKB 1110-11), I, p. 247; Diogenes Laertii de vitis philosophorum, I-II (Leipzig: 1833; ASKB 1109), I, pp. 266-67; Diogenes Laertius, I-II, tr. R. D. Hicks (Loeb, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979-80), II, p. 43:
Plato had defined Man as an animal, biped and featherless, and was applauded. Diogenes plucked a fowl and brought it into the lecture-room with the words, “Here is Plato’s man.” In consequence of which there was added to the definition, “having broad nails.” To one who asked what was the proper time for lunch, he said, “If a rich man, when you will; if a poor man, when you can.”
At Megara he saw the sheep protected by leather jackets, while the children went bare. “It’s better,” said he, “to be a Megarian’s ram than his son.” To one who had brandished a beam at him and then cried, “Look out,” he replied, “What, are you intending to strike me again?” He used to call the demagogues the lackeys of the people and the crowns awarded to them the efflorescence of fame. He lit a lamp in broad daylight and said, as he went about, “I am looking for a man.”
120. See Irony, p. 46, KW II (SV XIII 141) (in mente).
121. See Matthew 18:10.
122. See Matthew 23:14; Mark 12:40; Luke 20:47.
123. See Deuteronomy 19:14, 27:17.
124. See Matthew 24:36, 42; Mark 13:32; Revelation 3:3.
125. See “On the Occasion of a Confession,” Three Discourses on Imagined Occasions, KW X (SV V 177-203).
126. See Ecclesiastes 1:18.
127. See Matthew 6:34.
128. See Supplement, p. 443 (Pap. V B 195:6).
129. “Genesis” means beginning, “exodus” going out.
130. Cf. II Corinthians 5:7.
131. See Stages on Life’s Way, pp. 9-15, KW XI (SV VI 15-20).
132. See I John 2:17.
133. See Romans 4:18, 8:24; For Self-Examination, pp. 82-83, KW XXI (SV XII 365-66).
134. See p. 46 and note 62.
135. See John 6:12.
136. See II Corinthians 7:9-10; JP I 443; IV 3915, p. 53 (Pap. II A 360; III C 1).
137. See Psalm 103:16.
138. See Matthew 6:7.
139. See reference to Adam Oehlenschläger’s Aladdin, Either/Or, I, p. 22, KW III (SV I 6).
140. See Matthew 6:20-21.
141. See Luke 16:9.
142. See John 14:2-3.
143. See Luke 16:23.
144. See Matthew 11:12.
145. See Luke 10:42.
146. See Matthew 6:26, 28; Luke 12:24, 27; cf. The Lily in the Field and the Bird of the Air, in Without Authority, KW XVIII (SV XI 3-46).
147. See I Corinthians 13:12.
148. See I Thessalonians 4:13.
149. See II Corinthians 4:17.
150. The Danish Bedested [biding place] means a tarrying or resting place on a journey and a place of prayer.
151. See Acts 9:1-30; II Corinthians 12:2-5; Galatians 1:13-16.
152. See Acts 26:24.
153. See I Corinthians 1:22-23.
154. See II Corinthians 6:4-5.
155. See Philippians 4:7.
156. See I Corinthians 2:9; Fragments, p. 109, KW VII (SV IV 271); JP IV 3916 (Pap. IV C 1).
157. See I Corinthians 9:26.
158. A play on the Danish vænne sig fra [wean oneself from] and vænne sig til [accustom oneself to].
159. See Matthew 19:21-22; Mark 10:21-22.
160. See Matthew 8:21-22; Luke 9:59-60.
161. Cf. Deuteronomy 25:4; I Corinthians 9:9; I Timothy 5:18. The not uncommon practice of muzzling the working oxen is opposed in the O. T. and N. T. passages.
162. See Matthew 6:4, 6, 18; Luke 15:20; Revelation 7:17.
163. See Isaiah 25:8.
164. See Philippians 3:10.
165. See Mark 10:9; Genesis 1:28.
166. See Matthew 22:21; Mark 12:17; Luke 20:25.
167. See Matthew 19:24; Mark 10:25.
168. See II Corinthians 4:18.
169. See Mark 3:24-25.
170. See Matthew 9:17; Mark 2:22.
171. See John 11:4; Sickness unto Death, pp. 8-9, 17-21, KW XIX (SV XI 122-23, 131-35).
172. See Job 8:14. The source of the quotation as given has not been located, but it may be from Schopenhauer through Joachim Dietrich Brandis (1762-1845). See Nelly Viallaneix, “Schopenhauer et Kierkegaard,” Romantisme, 32, 1981, pp. 47-64, especially pp. 49-50. See also G. E. Lessing, Eine Duplik, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s sämmtliche Schriften, I-XXXII (Berlin, Stettin: 1825-28; ASKB 1747-62), V, p. 113 (ed. tr.): “to want to suspend no less than all eternity on the thread of a spider.”
173. See I Samuel 5:3-4.
174. See Herodotus, History, VII, 83; Die Geschichten des Herodotos, I-II, tr. Friedrich Lange (Berlin: 1811-12; ASKB 1117), II, p. 178; Herodotus, I-IV, tr. A. D. Godley (Loeb, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981-82), III, p. 391:
These were the generals of the whole land army, saving the Ten Thousand; Hydarnes son of Hydarnes was general of these picked ten thousand Persians, who were called Immortals for this reason, that when any one of them fell out of the number by force of death or sickness, another was chosen, and so they were never more or fewer than ten thousand.
175. Cf. Matthew 6:2. The Danish Bible (1830; ASKB 7) of Kierkegaard’s time has a negative clause.
176. See Luke 17:10.
177. See Matthew 20:1-12.
178. See Mark 10:20.
179. See Luke 23:43.
180. Pilate’s question; see John 18:38.
181. See Lessing, “Eine Duplik,” Schriften, V, p. 100; Postscript, KW XII (SV VII 86).
182. See Job 9:3.
183. See Matthew 14:24-29.
184. See Matthew 11:7-8.
185. Isaiah.
186. See Matthew 3:3; John 1:23.
187. See Matthew 3:11; John 1:27.
188. See Matthew 11:11.
189. See Luke 1:5-25.
190. See Matthew 1:18-25; Luke 1:26-56.
191. See Mark 1:6.
192. See Luke 10:24; John 8:56.
193. See Matthew 3:11.
194. See John 3:26.
195. See Genesis 17:20.
196. Cf. Letters, Letter 8, KW XXV.
197. See Joshua 10:13.
198. See II Timothy 4:7.
199. See John 1:19.
200. See John 16:21.
201. See, for example, Philippians 2:7; Fragments, pp. 30-34, KW VII (SV IV 199-201).
202. See Luke 12:42-48, 19:12-27.
203. See I Corinthians 3:9.
204. See Supplement, p. 443 (Pap. V B 195:7).
205. See Matthew 20:28; Mark 10:45.
206. See John 1:15.
207. See Matthew 11:11.
208. See Matthew 3:3; John 1:23.
209. See Matthew 11:3.
210. See Matthew 2:16.
211. See Exodus 1:8.
212. See Psalm 1:3.
213. See Isaiah 66:24; Mark 9:48.
214. See Matthew 12:34.
215. See Matthew 3:7-10; Luke 3:7-9.
216. Cf. I Kings 19:12.
217. See Ecclesiastes 7:2.
218. See Matthew 11:16-17.
219. Plutarch, “How a Man May Become Aware of His Progress in Virtue,” 79; Plutarchs moralische Abhandlungen, I-V, tr. Johann Friedrich S. Kaltwasser (Frankfurt: 1783-93; ASKB 1192-96), I, p. 258; Plutarch’s Moralia, I-XV, tr. Frank Cole Babbitt et al. (Loeb, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967-84), I, p. 425: “Aeschylus at the Isthmian games was watching a boxing-match, and when one of the men was hit the crowd in the theatre burst into a roar. Aeschylus nudged Ion of Chios, and said, ‘You see what a thing training is; the man who is hit says nothing; it is the spectators who shout.’”
220. See Supplement, p. 443 (Pap. V B 232:1).
221. Cf. Preface to Two Upbuilding Discourses (1843), p. 5 and notes 3-6; Supplement, pp. 443-47 (Pap. V B 233:1-9).
222. Cf. John 14:23.
223. Cf. Mark 12:1-9.
224. With reference to the remainder of the sentence, see Supplement, p. 447 (Pap. V B 232:8).
225. See, for example, JP VI 6157 (Pap. IX A 54).
226. Kierkegaard’s father, Michael Pedersen Kierkegaard, died August 9, 1838. See also date on p. 5 and note 7.
227. See Supplement, p. 447 (Pap. V B 196).
228. See Brorson, “Her vil ties, her vil bies,” stanza 2, Psalmer, 44, p. 863.
229. See I Timothy 6:6-8.
230. In Scandinavia, burial plots in cemeteries are leased, and later, if new payment is not made, the plot is used for another burial.
231. See II Corinthians 12:9; Supplement, p. 447 (Pap. V B 198).
232. With reference to the preceding part of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 448 (Pap. V B 200).
233. See Luke 13:29.
234. With reference to the preceding part of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 448 (Pap. V B 201).
235. See, for example, Philippians 2:6-7.
236. See II Corinthians 5:17.
237. Diogenes of Sinope. See Diogenes Laertius, Lives, VI, 9, 105; Riisbrigh, I, p. 276; Vitis, I, p. 296; Loeb, II, p. 109:
Hence it has been said that Cynicism is a short cut to virtue; and after the same pattern did Zeno of Citium live his life.
They also hold that we should live frugally, eating food for nourishment only and wearing a single garment. Wealth and fame and high birth they despise. Some at all events are vegetarians and drink cold water only and are content with any kind of shelter or tubs, like Diogenes, who used to say that it was the privilege of the gods to need nothing and of god-like men to want but little.
238. See II Corinthians 4:17.
239. See II Corinthians 11:29-30.
240. See John 2:1-11.
241. See Matthew 19:22.
242. With reference to the following two clauses, see Supplement, p. 448 (Pap. V B 205).
243. See Mark 9:43, 47.
244. See JP I 46 (Pap. V A 16).
245. The text is a compacted Danish translation of a quotation in German. See Supplement, p. 448 (Pap. V B 207:1).
246. See JP I 6 (Pap. V A 78).
247. See Exodus 10:22.
248. See Exodus 17:3-6.
249. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, pp. 448-49 (Pap. V B 207:2).
250. See Exodus 33:17-23.
251. With reference to the remainder of the sentence, see Supplement, p. 449 (Pap. V B 207:3).
252. With reference to the following paragraph, see Supplement, p. 449 (Pap. V B 207:4).
253. Cf. I Corinthians 9:26.
254. See John 11:4.
255. See Proverbs 16:32.
256. See II Corinthians 11:30, 12:5.
257. See Matthew 12:24; Mark 3:22-23.
258. See Matthew 8:28; Mark 5:2-3.
259. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 449 (Pap. V B 207:5).
260. See Philippians 4:4.
261. See I Kings 8:27; Acts 7:48.
262. See Philippians 2:12.
263. See Supplement, p. 450 (Pap. V B 207:6).
264. See I Thessalonians 2:3; II Corinthians 1:23; Romans 1:9.
265. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 450 (Pap. V B 207:7).
266. See Colossians 2:20; Galatians 6:14. See also, for example, For Self-Examination and Judge for Yourself!, pp. 76-81, 116, 131-133, KW XXI (SV XII 360-64, 396, 409-10).
267. See Romans 8:28.
268. See I John 4:8, 16.
269. See Philippians 4:7.
270. See Postscript, KW XII (SV VII 395); Sickness unto Death, pp. 70-71, 78, KW XIX (SV XI 181, 190); Point of View, KW XXII (SV XIII 560, 568, 571).
271. See, for example, Either/Or, I, p. 237, KW III (SV I 211).
272. See Supplement, pp. 450-51 (Pap. V B 209:2).
273. See Supplement, p. 451 (Pap. V B 209:3).
274. See I John 5:4.
275. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, pp. 451-52 (Pap. V B 209:4).
276. See II Corinthians 4:16.
277. See I Corinthians 2:13-15.
278. See I Corinthians 9:7.
279. See Luke 11:26.
280. See Acts 14:22.
281. See I Thessalonians 5:2.
282. Cf. Fear and Trembling, p. 27, KW VI (SV III 80).
283. See p. 183 and note 4.
284. See Romans 8:28.
285. See I Corinthians 10:13.
286. See II Corinthians 6:3-10, 11:23-27.
287. See I Corinthians 9:24.
288. See II Corinthians 11:23-27.
289. See Matthew 26:40; Mark 14:37.
290. See Acts 14:11.
291. See Galatians 2:4.
292. See II Timothy 4:10.
293. See II Corinthians 6:8.
294. See Galatians 2:17.
295. See II Corinthians 10:10.
296. See II Corinthians 12:14-18.
297. See I Corinthians 3:9.
298. See Acts 7:55-56.
299. See I Corinthians 9:26.
300. See Romans 8:38-39.
301. See, for example, Romans 1:11-12, 15:24; Philippians 1:3-8; II Timothy 1:2; Philemon 10.
302. See Romans 15:24, 28.
303. See I Corinthians 9:22.
304. See Luke 16:20-22.
305. Attributed to Socrates. See Diogenes Laertius, Lives, II, 5, 33; Riisbrigh, I, p. 71; Vitis, I, p. 76; Loeb, I, p. 163; Either/Or, I, p. 38, KW III (SV I 22-23); Stages, p. 157, KW XI (SV VI 149).
306. See Psalm 22:1.
307. See I John 4:18.
308. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 452 (Pap. V B 211:2).
309. See Luke 12:21.
310. Cf. James 1:17.
311. See Supplement, p. 452 (Pap. V B 213:1).
312. See Romans 8:26; II Corinthians 4:7; Hebrews 11:9.
313. See Psalm 126:5.
314. See Psalm 137:1-6; Brorson, “I denne søde Juletid,” stanza 6, Psalmer, 9, p. 27; JP I 800 (Pap. III A 12).
315. With reference to the following sentence, see Supplement, pp. 452-53 (Pap. V B 212:1).
316. The source of this quotation has not been located.
317. See Matthew 7:3.
318. See I John 4:17. The King James Version has “boldness” and the Revised Standard Version “confidence.” The Danish Frimodighed combines both meanings.
319. With reference to the remainder of the sentence, see Supplement, p. 453 (Pap. V B 212:2).
320. See Acts 26:14.
321. See II Corinthians 5:17; Galatians 6:15.
322. Cf. II Corinthians 5:17.
323. See I Corinthians 1:23.
324. See Acts 7:58.
325. See Acts 9:1-2.
326. With reference to the following two sentences, see Supplement, p. 453 (Pap. V B 212:3).
327. With reference to the remainder of the sentence, see Supplement, p. 453 (Pap. V B 213:3).
328. Cf. Acts 26:24 (Festus speaking, not Agrippa).
329. With reference to the remainder of the clause, see Supplement, p. 454 (Pap. V B 213:4).
330. See Supplement, p. 454 (Pap. V B 212:4).
331. See Supplement, p. 454 (Pap. V B 213:5).
332. See I Thessalonians 5:3.
333. With reference to the following four paragraphs, see Supplement, p. 454 (Pap. V B 212:5).
334. With reference to the remainder of the sentence, see Supplement, pp. 454-55 (Pap. V B 215).
335. With reference to the remainder of the sentence, see Supplement, p. 455 (Pap. V B 214:1).
336. See Philippians 3:14.
337. See Johann Arndt, Sämtliche geistreiche Bücher vom wahren Christenthum (Leipzig: 1832; ASKB 276 [Tübingen: n.d.]), III, 23, p. 842; True Christianity, rev. and ed. Charles F. Schaeffer (Philadelphia: General Council Publication House, 1917), p. 421.
338. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 455 (Pap. V B 214:2).
339. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 456 (Pap. V B 212:6).
340. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 456 (Pap. V B 214:3).
341. See I Timothy 6:12; II Timothy 4:7.
342. See Supplement, p. 456 (Pap. V B 232:10).
343. See Luke 7:11-16.
344. See Matthew 17:1-2; Mark 9:2.
345. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph and the first clause in the next paragraph, see Supplement, p. 456 (Pap. V B 216:2).
346. See Ephesians 6:11.
347. See Psalm 51:5; Romans 5:12-21.
348. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, pp. 456-57 (Pap. V B 216:3).
349. See Psalm 139:7-10.
350. See, for example, Anxiety, pp. 123-25, KW VIII (SV IV 391-92).
351. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph and the following paragraph, see Supplement, p. 457 (Pap. V B 216:4).
352. See Joshua 10:12.
353. See Hebrews 12:13.
354. See I Peter 5:6.
355. The manuscript (Pap. V B 232; B. Pk. 13, Kierkegaard Arkiv, Royal Library, Copenhagen) has a comma here, not a semicolon as in the printed Danish text.
356. See Luke 10:42.
357. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 457 (Pap. V B 234).
358. See Luke 23:43.
359. See Matthew 6:34.
360. See Postscript, KW XII (SV VII 87-88, 99-100); JP IV 4519-33; VII, p. 92.
361. See Supplement, p. 458 (Pap. V B 218:1).
362. See Luke 17:10.
363. With reference to the following sentence, see Supplement, p. 458 (Pap. V B 218:2).
364. See Genesis 1:4-5.
365. See Luke 14:28-30; Supplement, p. 458 (Pap. V B 218:1).
366. See Mark 12:41-44.
367. With reference to the following sentence, see Supplement, p. 458 (Pap. V B 218:3).
368. See Matthew 5:26.
369. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 458 (Pap. V B 218:4).
370. See Matthew 6:26.
371. With reference to the remainder of the sentence, see Supplement, p. 459 (Pap. V B 218:5).
372. Cf. Psalm 133:1.
373. Cf. Matthew 9:4.
374. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 459 (Pap. V B 218:6).
375. See Luke 12:6-7.
376. In Scandinavian folklore, a pixylike invisible creature, helpful when treated properly and mischievous when ignored or mistreated.
377. See Galatians 6:4.
378. See Luke 10:42.
379. See Galatians 3:24.
380. See I Samuel 15:22; Micah 6:7-8; JP V 5385, 5893, 6108 (Pap. II A 422; VII1 A 106; VIII1 A 452, 549).
381. See Matthew 6:17-18.
382. See Matthew 6:16.
383. See Matthew 6:6.
384. For continuation of the sentence, see Supplement, p. 459 (Pap. V B 220:1).
385. Cordelia in Shakespeare’s King Lear, I, 1; William Shakspeare’s Tragiske Værker, I-IX, tr. Peter Foersom and Peter Frederik Wulff (Copenhagen: 1807-25; ASKB 1889-96), II, pp. 8-22; W. Shakspeare’s dramatische Werke, I-VIII, tr. Ernst Ortlepp (Stuttgart: 1838-39; ASKB 1874-81), VII, pp. 5-13; Shakspeare’s dramatische Werke, I-XII, tr. August Wilhelm v. Schlegel and Ludwig Tieck (Berlin: 1839-41; ASKB 1883-88), XI, pp. 5-14; The Complete Works of Shakespeare, ed. George Lyman Kittredge (Boston: Ginn, 1936), p. 1198.
386. See Ephesians 6:5; Philippians 2:12.
387. With reference to the previous clause, see Supplement, p. 459 (Pap. V B 220:3).
388. See Luke 7:47.
389. With reference to the following sentence, see Supplement, p. 459 (Pap. V B 220:4).
390. Cf. Matthew 6:16-17.
391. See James 1:27.
392. See Matthew 25:36-44.
393. See Luke 17:10.
394. See Supplement, p. 460 (Pap. V B 235).
395. See II Corinthians 5:11.
396. See John 3:1-2.
397. See Supplement, p. 460 (Pap. V B 232:11).
398. See Supplement, p. 460 (Pap. V B 221).
399. Cf. Matthew 26:65.
400. Cf. Matthew 13:44-46.
401. See I Timothy 6:12; II Timothy 4:7.
402. The source of this reference has not been located.
403. See Matthew 7:15.
404. See Matthew 5:25.
405. See Mark 8:34-37; Luke 9:24-25.
406. See “70,000 fathoms,” Stages, pp. 444-45, 470-71, 477, KW XI (SV VI 414-15, 437-38, 443); Postscript, KW XII (SV VII 114, 171, 195, 246); Works of Love, KW XVI (SV IX 344). See also JP II 1142, 1402; IV 4937; V 5792, 5961 (Pap. X4 A 114; X2 A 494; X4 A 290; VI B 18; VII1 A 221).
407. See I Corinthians 13:1.
408. See, for example, Fragments, pp. 9-11, KW VII (SV IV 180-81).
409. See Supplement, p. 460 (Pap. V B 221).
410. See Tobit 12:12.
411. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 460 (Pap. V B 227:1).
412. See Matthew 5:3, 8.
413. With reference to the following two sentences, see Supplement, p. 460 (Pap. V B 227:2).
414. With reference to the remainder of the sentence and the following sentence, see Supplement, p. 461 (Pap. V B 227:3).
415. See Revelation 3:16.
416. See, for example, John 2:1-11; Mark 10:46-52, 2:1-12; Luke 7:11-16; Mark 5:1-13.
417. With reference to the following paragraph, see Supplement, p. 461 (Pap. V B 227:4).
418. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 461 (Pap. V B 227:5).
419. Cf. Mark 9:48.
420. With reference to the following three sentences, see Supplement, p. 461 (Pap. V B 228:2).
421. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 462 (Pap. V B 227:6).
422. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 462 (Pap. V B 229:2).
423. With reference to the following paragraph, see Supplement, p. 462 (Pap. V B 229:1).
424. With reference to the following four sentences, see Supplement, pp. 462-63 (Pap. V B 229:3).
425. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, pp. 463-64 (Pap. V B 229:12, 14).
426. With reference to the following sentence, see Supplement, p. 464 (Pap. V B 230:1).
427. See I Corinthians 13:12.
428. With reference to the following ten sentences, see Supplement, pp. 463, 464 (Pap. V B 229:4, 236).
429. See John 14:3, 16, 26, 15:26; Supplement, pp. 464-65 (Pap. V B 237).
430. See John 16:7.
431. See Genesis 12:4.
432. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 465 (Pap. V B 230:3).
433. See Revelation 21:5.
434. See Psalm 51:10-12.
435. With reference to the following sentence, see Supplement, p. 465 (Pap. V B 229:5).
436. With reference to the following sentence, see Supplement, p. 465 (Pap. V B 229:13).
437. See Luke 7:47.
438. See Mark 13:32.
439. See Matthew 25:1-10.
440. See Susanna 35.
441. See I John 2:15.
442. With reference to the following two sentences, see Supplement, p. 466 (Pap. V B 229:7).
443. See I Corinthians 13:11.
444. With reference to the following three sentences, see Supplement, p. 466 (Pap. V B 229:16).
445. With reference to the following sentence, see Supplement, p. 466 (Pap. V B 229:6).
446. With reference to the following four sentences, see Supplement, p. 466 (Pap. V B 229:8).
447. With reference to the following sentence, see Supplement, p. 466 (Pap. V B 229:11).
448. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 467 (Pap. V B 229:10).
449. With reference to the following two sentences, see Supplement, p. 467 (Pap. V B 229:9).
450. With reference to the remainder of the paragraph, see Supplement, p. 467 (Pap. V B 229:15).
SUPPLEMENT
1. See, for example, G.W.F. Hegel, Phänomenologie des Geistes, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel’s Werke. Vollständige Ausgabe, I-XVIII, ed. Philipp K. Marheineke et al. (Berlin: 1832-45; ASKB 549-65), II, pp. 6-8; Sämtliche Werke. Jubiläumsausgabe [J.A.], I-XXVI, ed. Hermann Glockner (Stuttgart, Frommann: 1927-40), II, pp. 14-16; The Phenomenology of Mind (tr. primarily of 3 ed., 1841; Kierkegaard had 2 ed., 1832), tr. J. B. Baillie (New York: Harper, 1967), pp. 71-72:
When we state the true form of truth to be its scientific character—or, what is the same thing, when it is maintained that truth finds the medium of its existence in notions or conceptions alone—I know that this seems to contradict an idea with all its consequences which makes great pretensions and has gained widespread acceptance and conviction at the present time. . . . Philosophy is thus expected not so much to meet this want by opening up the compact solidity of substantial existence, and bringing this to the light and level of self-consciousness—is not so much to bring chaotic conscious life back to the orderly ways of thought, and the simplicity of the notion, as to run together what thought has divided asunder, suppress the notion with its distinctions, and restore the feeling of existence. What it wants from philosophy is not so much insight as edification [Erbauung]. The beautiful, the holy, the eternal, religion, love—these are the bait required to awaken the desire to bite: not the notion, but ecstasy, not the march of cold necessity in the subject-matter, but ferment and enthusiasm—these are to be the ways by which the wealth of the concrete substance is to be stored and increasingly extended.
2. See Either/Or, II, pp. 346-54, KW IV (SV II 312-18).
3. The familiar form in Danish of the second personal pronoun, used among family and close friends. In recent years, it has come to be used in wider circles.
4. See I Peter 4:8.
5. Luke 2:22-38.
6. See I John 4:19.
7. See, for example, Works of Love, KW XVI (SV IX 8); Christian Discourses, KW XVII (SV X 195-96).
8. See I John 4:19.
9. Cf. John 18:21.
10. See Postscript, KW XII (SV VII 134).
11. Romans 13:11-13.
12. See Matthew 26:40; Mark 14:37; Luke 22:45-46.
13. See Matthew 21:28-32.
14. Ibid.
15. See Ecclesiastes 1:2; Stages, pp. 251-52, KW XI (SV VI 237).
16. See Mark 12:42-44; Luke 21:1-4.
17. See Luke 16:19-25.
18. The text has beerdiges, a German word with a Danish ending, meaning literally “to be placed in the earth.”
19. Cf. Preface to Two Upbuilding Discourses (1843), p. 5.
20. See Johan Ludvig Heiberg, “Gjensvar paa Herr Professor Hauchs Svar,” Kjøbenhavns flyvende Post, no. 37, 1830, col. 6 fn. See also, for example, Irony, p. 207, KW II (SV XIII 286); Either/Or, I, p. 140, KW III (SV I 119); Prefaces, KW IX (SV V 17); Two Ages, pp. 9-11, 21, KW XIV (SV VIII 8-11, 20).
21. See p. 295.
22. Cf. Works of Love, KW XVI (SV IX 267).
23. See John 8:3-11.
24. See Works of Love, KW XVI (SV IX 37-41).
25. Ibid. (34-35).
26. See I Peter 4:8.
27. See Works of Love, KW XVI (SV IX 20-27).
28. See Augustine, Sancti Aurelii Augustini opera, I-XVIII (Venice: 1797-1807; ASKB 117-34), I, col. 1026.
29. The second of Three Upbuilding Discourses (1843).
30. See Luke 18:2-5.
31. See Matthew 6:26; Luke 12:24; cf. The Lily in the Field and the Bird of the Air, in Without Authority, KW XVIII (SV XI 3-46).
32. See I Corinthians 15:42.
33. See Luke 7:28.
34. The reference is to Darius, king of Persia, who was succeeded by Xerxes. See Herodotus, History, V, 105; Die Geschichten des Herodotos, I-II, tr. Friedrich Lange (Berlin: 1811-12; ASKB 1117), II, p. 59; Herodotus, I-IV, tr. A. D. Godley (Loeb, Cambridge: Harvard. University Press, 1981-82), III, p. 127:
Onesilus, then, besieged Amathus. But when it was told to Darius that Sardis had been taken and burnt by the Athenians and Ionians, and that Aristagoras the Milesian had been leader of the conspiracy for the weaving of this plan, at his first hearing of it (it is said) he took no account of the Ionians,—being well assured that they of all men would not go scatheless for their rebellion,—but asked who were the Athenians; and being told, he called for his bow, which he took, and laid an arrow on it and shot it into the sky, praying as he sent it aloft, “O Zeus, grant me vengeance on the Athenians,” and therewithal he charged one of his servants to say to him thrice whenever dinner was set before him, “Master, remember the Athenians.”
See also Stages, p. 295, KW XI (SV VI 276).
35. Allwills Briefsammlung; Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi’s Werke, I-VI (Leipzig: 1812-25; ASKB 1722-28), I, pp. 173-74.
36. See, for example, Plato, Republic, 344 c; Platonis quae exstant opera, I-XI, ed. Friedrich Ast (Leipzig: 1819-32; ASKB 1144-54), IV, pp. 42-43; The Collected Dialogues of Plato, ed. Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1963), p. 594 (Thrasymachus speaking): “Thus, Socrates, injustice on a sufficiently large scale is a stronger, freer, and more masterful thing than justice, and, as I said in the beginning, it is the advantage of the stronger that is the just, while the unjust is what profits a man’s self and is for his advantage.”
37. In JP IV 4585 (Pap. V A 43), the draft passage (Pap. V B 209:2) is quoted with the observation: “Too humorous.”
38. Presumably Louis de Ponte (1554-1624), writer and follower of Ignatius de Loyola. The source of the observation has not been located.
39. The source has not been located.
40. See Matthew 21:28-31.
41. See Luke 10:23.
42. See Fragments, p. 66, KW VII (SV IV 230-31).
43. See Discourses in Various Spirits, KW XV (SV VIII 307-08).
44. See Acts 1:3.
45. This was done in Discourses on Imagined Occasions, KW X (SV V 171-253).
46. The journal was not published.
47. See Anxiety, p. 30, KW VIII (SV IV 303).
48. See Johannes Climacus, or De omnibus dubitandum est, KW VII (Pap. IV B 1).
49. See pp. 7-29, 205-26, 253-73.
50. Grundrids til Moralphilosophiens System (Copenhagen: 1841; ASKB 650), by Hans Lassen Martensen (1808-1884).
51. See Fragments, pp. 40-41, KW VII (SV IV 208-09).
52. It is not clear whether the reference is to Poul Martin Møller (1794-1838), Kierkegaard’s favorite professor of philosophy at the University of Copenhagen, or to a fellow university student and later literary critic, Peder Ludvig Møller (1814-1865).
53. See pp. 42-43; Postscript, KW XII (SV VII 147-49).
54. See JP V 5601-02 (Pap. IV C 97-98).
55. Johan Ludvig Heiberg (1791-1860), Hegelian philosopher and the leading Danish literary critic at the time.
56. Christian Hermann Weiss[z]e, System der Æsthetik von der Idee der Schönheit, I-II (Leipzig: 1830; ASKB 1379-80).
57. Stages was published April 30, 1845.
58. See Postscript, KW XII (SV VII 252).
59. Ibid. (246-53).
60. Ibid. (256).
61. Ibid. (253-54).
62. Someone. See Stages, pp. 446-51, KW XI (SV VI 415-20).
63. See Postscript, KW XII (SV VII 249-50).
64. See ibid. (216-17).
65. See Supplement, pp. 488-89 (X6 B 145).
66. See Postscript, KW XII (SV VII 229-30 fn.).
67. This proposed volume was to include Two Ages, Discourses in Various Spirits, and The Book on Adler. The first two were published separately; Adler first appeared in Efterladte Papirer (1822), II, pp. 451-704.
68. The text is a free rendering of I Corinthians 14:26. All the Danish translations from Kierkegaard’s time have Opbyggelse [upbuilding].
69. Adolph Peter Adler, Nogle Digte; Studier og Exempler; Theologiske Studier; Forsøg til en kort systematisk Fremstilling af Christendommen i dens Logik (Copenhagen: 1846; ASKB U 9, 11, 12, 13).
70. In June 1844, Three Upbuilding Discourses, Fragments, Anxiety, and Prefaces were published.
71. Discourses in Various Spirits, KW XV (SV VIII 370-84).
72. Ibid. (385-97).
73. See Christian Discourses, KW XVII (SV X 103).
74. See II Corinthians 4:7.
75. See Psalm 90:10.
76. See Christian Discourses, KW XVII (SV X 108-09).
77. Ibid. (102-03).
78. This plan was not carried out.
79. A printing sheet that folded twice gives four sheets of quarto size and folded three times gives eight pages of octavo.
80. This precise plan was not carried out. See notes 81, 90, 93 below on Christian Discourses.
81. See Christian Discourses, KW XVII (SV X 163).
82. See Ecclesiastes 4:17 in Danish Bible, 5:1 in RSV; Christian Discourses, KW XVII (SV X 167-78).
83. Ibid. (179) (Matthew 19:27-28).
84. Ibid. (190-202) (Romans 8:28).
85. Ibid. (203-13) (Acts 24:15).
86. Ibid. (204).
87. Ibid. (206).
88. Ibid. (222-32).
89. See Matthew 5:11; Luke 6:22.
90. See Christian Discourses, KW XVII (SV X 225-27).
91. See Aesop, “Vulpis et Ciconia,” Phaedri Augusti Liberti Fabularum Aesopiarum Libri V (Leipzig: 1828), XXVI, pp. 12-13; “The Fox and the Stork,” Babrius and Phaedrus, ed. and tr. Ben Edwin Perry (Loeb, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1965), pp. 221-23.
92. See Luke 6:26.
93. See Christian Discourses, KW XVII (SV X 214-21) (Romans 13:11).
94. Ibid. (233-44).
95. See pp. 1-48.
96. The Crisis and a Crisis in the Life of an Actress (1848), with Christian Discourses, KW XVII (SV X 319-44).
97. See, for example, JP VI 6157 (Pap. IX A 54).
98. See, for example, JP V 6134; VI 6596 (Pap. VIII1 A 648; X2 A 544).
99. See p. 61 and note 100.
100. See Genesis 18:14; Luke 1:37.
101. See I John 4:8, 16.
102. See I John 2:2.
103. See, for example, JP I 1038; V 6094, 6152 (Pap. VI A 40; VIII2 B 186; IX A 42), in which Kierkegaard considers the possibility of a direct statement about his work. Subsequently, On My Work as an Author was published (1851), and The Point of View was published posthumously (1859). Armed Neutrality remained unpublished until it appeared in Efterladte Papirer (1880, VI, pp. 556-70) and Papirer (1932, X5 B 107). These three works are found together with The Point of View, KW XXII.
104. See note 96 above.
105. Pp. 1-48.
106. The last two pieces are Part One and Part Two of Practice, KW XX (SV XII 1-134).
107. Rasmus Nielsen (1809-1884), professor of philosophy at the University of Copenhagen. See, for example, JP VI 6233, 6415 (Pap. IX A 220; X1 A 406).
108. See Works of Love, KW XVI (SV IX 14); Two Discourses at the Communion on Fridays, in Without Authority, KW XVIII (SV XII 267); JP VI 6382 (Pap. X1 A 247).
109. See note 96.
110. Pp. 1-48.
111. See Tillæg til den evangelisk-christelige Psalmebog (Copenhagen: 1845), no. 610, Appendix, p. 51. The author is Aurelius Clemens Prudentius (348-c. 410), Spanish poet.
112. This plan was not carried out. Sickness unto Death, pp. 77-131, KW XIX (SV XI 189-241), embodies some of the themes. See also, for example, JP VI 6278-80 (Pap. IX A 498-500).
113. For Kierkegaard’s distinction, see Supplement, pp. 431-32 (Pap. IV B 159:6).
114. See Irony, p. 198, KW II (SV XIII 279); JP V 5397; VI 6416 (Pap. II A 497; X1 A 422).
115. See Supplement, p. 482 (Pap. X1 A 510).
116. See Sickness unto Death, pp. 5-6, KW XIX (SV XI 117-18).
117. The first two parts of Practice.
118. See JP V 5873, 5877 (Pap. VII1 A 4, 9).
119. See Christian Discourses, KW XVII (SV X 247-317). The reference may be to Three Discourses at the Communion on Fridays, in Without Authority, KW XVIII (SV XI 245-80), ready for publication (published November 13, 1849).
120. Anti-Climacus.
121. See Supplement, pp. 431-32 (Pap. IV B 159:6).
122. Sickness unto Death and Part One of Practice.
123. Pastoral convention in Roskilde, October 30, 1849. Six years later, on July 5, 1855, again in Roskilde, four months before Søren Kierkegaard died, his brother Peter C. Kierkegaard gave another address, under the title “Remarks on the Famous Pseudonyms of the Day and the Theology of Their Author,” in which Peter discussed the “misgivings I, for my part, have long entertained against the theology, or what could better be called the nontheology, that an academy of pseudonyms has developed these last years in the literature of our fatherland . . .” (quoted by Otto Holmgaard, Exstaticus [Copenhagen: 1967], p. 57 [ed. tr.]). In the Papirer there is no reference to this second Roskilde address, but it was the cause of the rift between the brothers during the last days of Kierkegaard’s life.
124. Hans Lassen Martensen (1808-1884), professor of theology and successor to Bishop Jakob Peter Mynster in 1854.
125. See II Corinthians 5:13.
126. See note 107 above.
127. The discourse was published (1850) without the contemplated Preface. The other works mentioned were published in 1851.
128. Either/Or was published on February 15, 1843, and Two Upbuilding Discourses on May 16, 1843.
129. See Point of View, KW XXII (SV XIII 494).
130. See Christian Discourses, KW XVII (SV X 251).
131. Om Magister Kierkegaards Forfattervirksomhed. Iagttagelser af en Landsbypræst (Ludvig J. M. Gude) (Copenhagen: 1851). The reply was not published.
132. See pp. 5, 53, 107, 179, 231, 295.
133. From a children’s rhyme. See Moment, KW XXIII (SV XIII 38); Evald Tang Kristensen, Danske Börnerim, Remser og Lege (Aarhus: 1898), p. 19:
Sko min Hest
hvem kan bedst
det kan vor Præst
nej det kan han ej
det kan vor Smed
som boer ved vort Led
og ta’r kun to Skilling for ’et
[Shoe my horse / Who can do it best /
Our pastor can / No, he cannot /
Our blacksmith can do it / Who lives near our gate
And takes only two shillings for it].
134. On My Work, with Point of View, KW XXII (SV XIII 501).