Chapter 16
Chapter 16 Almost this entire chapter is taken up with greetings. It is profitable to remember this example against certain hypocrites who take away all humane duties from the saints, since this act of friendliness indeed has significance for Christian love and is appropriate for teachers in particular.
In the end he admonishes them not to permit evil teachers, or those who sow teachings which militate against the Gospel, to come in or listen to them.
When a physician has shown the remedies, he commands also to avoid the things which seem to be harmful. So after the apostle taught the chief topic of the Christian doctrine above, he urges them to be circumspect and watch lest some godless teachers sneak in on them.
So they may be able more easily to shun them, he indicates the tricks by which these impostors get around the inexperienced. They deceive, he says [v. 18], by eloquent speeches and praises.
Eloquent speeches without doubt mean flattering sermons. For there are flatteries both in the customs of those who teach and in the kind of teaching itself. As far as customs are concerned, these hypcrites know how to put on the complete appearance of friendliness, kindness, and patience. They know how to play skillfully on the feelings of those with whom they are dealing.
Examples of this can easily be found among the monks. While the Anabaptists know they teach many things which are not totally false, they also teach absurdities and things that are against the entire nature of men. Nevertheless, they capture the minds of people with the prodigious simulation of patience and modesty. Here their doctrine also has its attractions. In a sense it flatters people, as when the common people are suddenly relieved of burdensome traditions and ingenious persons are freed from the bonds of heavenly dogmas which seem absurd to reason.
"EvAoytat in Greek mean ''praises,'' but Paul, after the Hebrew manner of speaking, calls ebAoytac benedictions, that is, prayers for good things and glorious promises. These things easily make fools of minds occupied with hope, fear, and other emotions, as when riches are promised to the worshipers of Anna, when monks promise eternal life for their rites, and when they promise success in all undertakings for the sacrifice of a Mass. It is necessary that minds be fortified against all snares of this kind by sure and firm knowledge of the Word of God. As Peter says in 2 Pet. 1[:19]: ''You will do well
Romans 16
to pay attention to the prophetic message as to a lamp shining in a dark place until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts."'
May God govern our hearts with his Holy Spirit for the sake of our Lord Jesus Christ, that we may hold fast the Gospel taught from heaven and go forward in knowledge and trust in Christ. May we adorn the glory of the Gospel with all godly duties, and may God again grant a godly and lasting concord to the church. Amen.
Thanks be to God!
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PERSON INDEX
Aeschines, 83n Claudius, emperor, 293 Alexander, bishop of Alexandria, 247 Cleon, 214 Alexander the Great, 63, 82, 189, 219 Clodius, 221 Cochlaeus, Johannes, 14, 28, 31, 266 Ambrose of Milan, 11, 59, 243, 261-62, 276.277
Constantine, 249 "a Anna, 81, 270, 296 Contarini, cardinal, 279 Anselm of Canterbury, 133 Cyprian of Carthage, 243, 244, 257-59,
Antiochus, 83 Antony, 244 Cyril of Alexandria, 250 Aristocrates, 274 Demosthenes, 83, 246, 247, 274 Aristophanes, 214 Dionysius, 244, 255—56 Aristotle, 55, 219, 287 Dionysius the Sicilian, 279 Arius, 245, 249 Domitian, 82 Athanasius, 260 Ebion, 215 Atticus, 90, 96 Eck, Johannes, 57 Epiphanius of Salamis, 46, 248, 260 Augustine of Hippo, 11, 34, 46, 54, 59, 89, 176, 239, 243, 246, 247, 248, 252, 258, 263-69, 276, 277 Eunomius, 250 Euripides, 77 Basil of Caesarea, 11, 240, 243, 259-60,
Eusebius of Caesarea (Eusebius
Pamphil1), 240 Bernard of Clairvaux, 11, 34, 54, 246 Eustathius, bishop of Antioch, 249 Brutus, 214 Eutyches, 250 Caesar, 70 Fabiola, 252 Campanus, 12 Fabius, 90, 189 Carneades, 3 1 Florinus, 239, 240 Catiline, 84, 179, 221 Galen, 77 Cato (Marcus Porcius Cato), 83, 94, 139 George, 81, 270 Chemnitz, Martin, 7 Gregory (monk), 245 Chrysostom (John Chrysostom), 34, Gregory Nazianzen (of Nazianzus). See 260-61, 265 Nazianzen, Gregory Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 39, 70, 83
Commentary on Romans Nero, 147, 166 Gregory of Neocaesarea (Gregory Thaumaturgus; Gregory of Pontus), 240, 247 Nestorius, 250 Nicander, 281 Gregory the Great (Gregory 1), 11, Nicolaus, 81 269-71, 274, 276 Novatus, 259 Hesiod, 11, 22 Omphalius, 277, 278 Homer, 77, 80 Origen, 12, 13, 16, 34, 60, 122, 158, 240,
Honorius, emperor, 251] 244, 247, 253-55, 261, 264, 265 Irenaeus, 239, 247, 258, 261 Ovid, 69 Isocrates, 287 Paphnutius, 244 Januarius, 268 Paul of Samosata, 215, 240, 245, 246, Jerome (Sophronius Eusebius 249, 250, 251, 280 Hieronymus), 252, 262-63, 265 Pelagius, 12, 26, 133, 245, 263, 267, 280
Jovinian, 262 Peter, bishop of Alexandria, 248 Julian the Apostate, 232 Peter Lombard, 273 Kramer, Fred, 7 Phocylides, 11, 22, 24 Lentulus, 83n Plato, 39, 79, 278 Lombard. See Peter Lombard Plutarch, 83 Lucian, 66 Polycarp, 240 Luther, Martin, 7, 8 Pompontius Atticus, 56, 85, 87 Marcion, 251, 256 Praxeas, 239, 256 Marius, 214 Sadoletus, Jacobus (Jacopo Sadoleto), Mark Antony, 82, 221
Martianus, emperor, 250 Scipio, 25, 83n, 90, 96, 189 Melanchthon, Philip, 7, 8, 9, 12n, 168n,
Servetus, Michael (Michael Serveto), 239 268n, 275n, 289n Socrates (ca. 469 BC—399 BC), 24 Meletius, 248 Solon, 277 Menander, 83 Speciosus, 270 Mensinger, 12, 14, 29 Stigelius, 43 Mezentius, 78, 83 Stupperich, Robert, 8 Mohammed, 206 Sylla, 87 Monasteriensis, 84 Tarquin, 79 Monetarius, 145 Tertullian (Quintus Septimus Florens Montanus, 251 Tertullianus), 239, 244, 247, 256-57 Muenzer, Thomas, 84 Theodosius the Younger, 250 Mustela, 12 Xenophon, 219 Nazianzen, Gregory (Gregory of Nazianzus), 260, 275
SCRIPTURE INDEX
LOS ee 288 30:12-14 ... 196
OLp TEesTAMENT WDD eensecasos 288 Genesis Judges 108, 110 Ihe eae 118 W413 ot 96 1K. Sal ae 248 Bol Se...
25 S05 Sha 12 1 Samuel LF fea. 42
VSI ANEY soces 2D) ES30 5... Zag DN cst 107 ia gee ee 33, 108 nS Giese. 2 33 |e ener 282 2 Samuel LS Meresestrreses 4] ORE ere 41, 54, 161 IZETS ices 16 es ee 123 eee 174 22:16-17 ... 109 an ee 109 2 ores 48 ASH scares 23, 62 DDY sateen tens 94 DS SNe oie 178 TST etree eee 178 DSB Nera sca 162 1 Kings 19:10-18 SUL eer 12, 42, 111, Exodus ON ae eae 59 2 Kings |e Seer 280
SOR esta 267 O08 ek Ie oO, LO BDRM vtescess 111, 262 ORIG eoccee Lis BOE seecesee 156 DDD cate esee 111 So een e tree: 112
DONG Piece 13 DODO es ie 33 2 /5ha Nae ee 190 D224, syeseesses 112 Job BAe essex rees 42 SED ter coe Peg 2 9-20-71 ..... 42
Leviticus DOS eames 112, 161 BO researc 112 Sal Omran Ns
Psalms (oS Pal LN Sie 158 ,161, 180 [hopes eee 105 Deuteronomy Si Re erererere cs 161 DUD cc smcaeztts 24, 32 ST esas he as ie, fe Salers 37 AMR av teesess 180 SEI) wipes 22 ore Pe 45, 115 SN ae 156 SACS vtetecense 178
BATON. 288
AGA Te aenccesee Sieg as, 4) Seer EOD: 178
BOLO reeretes Dy pe hiteeee erect 96 SB eteeceees 142, 157 (SEP Seo 36, 52 (ol Eo penne Ly GA eererernnc ih (Spee eee PMN AS; Opel onmerrarte 278 De ce sevettesines 266 generar 215 BoD ee woescers 20
Commentary on Romans
e's aa Se 165 1S ie eres 12, 41, 178, ys reece 178, 267
55:10 os 72, 165 Vast If Papas iy 130:5 .5....c412 178 So ht Deen ae 70 oe geen 266 5 eee eee 37, 288 130: hk o..o8 27 ait fF heey Se ee ye FADES Soccinss 96 SN eee 235 50:15
.........37, 126, 180, 235, 288 | # diet deen 12, 40 fe ee ee 12, 40, 54, 97, 159, 161, 266 59:7-8 ....... 96
SN secs 94 59:20-21 ...207
BY i Ane 93, 94 Se coer 159 6E3y. a 155 145:14 ....... 288 sat eee 50, 74 a ey Seek sees Proverbs Jeremiah Pe foe hee 266 DCLG cau 2 Aan eens 105 oy EY penne 145 |b? Re eee ase. 219
121 ne 245
33S 2 36, 140, 172
5321-3
R522) cn 115 69:22—23 ...205
TE 20 7 ener 241 Ecclesiastes Ezekiel 7!
= N eee 36, 52 237, 238 J 7} Scere 96 Ee ih ee eee 54, 71, 87, OS LU cues 273 Isaiah
SHIG 9 5 fence 241 SA Se 77 83, 127, 291 SOD? 23 eS
ce Sa SGDS. ee 106 | het eee et 73 Daniel See 68 109:18 .......282
MUSrse 278 TQ 199
MOA 17, 290
UPS eee 111 es eee oe 241
$216-F70).....93
=. Sif Sole OIE 219
ooh Meret $3 Wel amen | OF
7 RC 192 oo Be te 12, 42 i eS eee 65 9:8-9 ow. 42
10:22—23 ... 192 ioe eae 37 LIST At Be vot Rees 12 pS Lo Pepe 42 PE1Q.
2a BG mccccccons 171 Pha | eee 127
MIGMSS =< 113
GAs. = a7 10:20-21 ...218
33:16-17 ...46
$19:25.<e..72
38:13
17, 142, 157 Hosea I) Lees! Reais 180 41229 55. 119 ze Pee 127 it | Pee Aaa 192 119:105......36, 49, 81,
Le 5 eee nee 192 Df BY ue 171 119s121 —...56
Amos CY Re eee ee 231 Sibie ZF 241 122°6 ......... 283, 284 ay ay peeeenmmcene
ao ay vA! Ee 12, 41 SOE oc. 161
Micah
Habakkuk (NPP Y eee 282 pate 5 oe a1 1336-9 28. 87
ILO eee 41, 176 3:2) yee 73 SES redoae 241 2A ON oka 179 Haggai
PD IaD) Ween 67 DSA week 44 BIS ts ON ene 44 1:9-10....... 294
Zechariah 21:3346 ...46
||S2 ee eee 46 in tye eae ee 45, 273 AAT i eatacte Ws 1 eee 23s eh) 5 SV sews D618 meee 281 Malachi John 2)
50, 118, 136, 246 | biel Ok a 239 New TESTAMENT Deal renner 62, 246 Matthew "ee 74, 115 ae 74 re 21, 86 Bb ccicssssed 111 Aen 5: 236
C) are 36, 173 aw 14, 254 Be? re 41,72 ie on 202 oe 45 ESy rec eens 23 IWS cebecerereay 40, 119 Pi eee 16, 136 [Fe eee 174 ibeilcWeases ana 138 =e ees eeeee STIR ASE) Sl eee 32, 118 Lal ipetetae: 13
WEIS) rete ey 16, 22 20 Ree [3 aliGralon:
OP eet 116 Sela a Sh ee 136
'Cee es 49, 278 ys meteor 136 IES ei 235 10:42 vee 45,294 il ee 20, 64, 180 ADA iain 21) Sy eae: 63
HI AS oncssk 49 HO? ccc 49 Oca eee 54, 55 SRS eee ee 228 Roe re ee. 286
SAA dicssecss 50, 218 ES ee 286 1-28
TBO seca 32 a
NO 27/ eee 240, 246 Vas Oe eres 180 TASS eee eee 140, 180 1 2 Das a ike 180 || SSR ea ae 30 16-19 000s: 255
Commentary on Romans SU Gh rack 28
PER1G.,.5:.09
24 oD:
LG eee 16, 74 2:17-24 .....90
48-07 ANT
ile ae. ae 71, 169 254 i POS) 4:23-25 .....119 ee 995-291, 90 ap (ae 122 ey. 9
297, 286 pe oy ore 35, 92 <4 Seer 31, 118, 130, 2a
157, 177 Oe hee ee 242 Mikgsecae 93 ee Ay, U2 Wifes ve 3:4
eee poe 28, 101, 109,
152 19=21 DPA
aD aww eeeesenene 124, 130, 154 L727 wesssses, 77 Ra a a (, See 125 YO es 95, 96, 132 Romans 3-10-18 ....96 ie Seer: | BA 14, 142 ee a4 Ao Se ee 17, 127, 128 2 rer |
Vo vreeesees 59 ae ak. ietoriad rh penis 129 IE epee 59, 60, 61 Nemes:
: cs ae oe 130 io x 50, ee 13,15, 21) 74 mania' slainiai elelets 97, 109, 132, 135, 254, 5:8=10 idaceas 130 Na aoe cates 62 261, 264 | a 130 NEA ete cecres 63 St Le ee 14, 254 2 | ae 130 LPO les rar. 64
2) 0 a SE 31, 131, 134 NR 65 OP I Le 5 Oe 102, 134, 135 MIRe ol Moi Bere 65 (pe 99, 267 8 ar 135 Face 24563, 07,69, | S54 35, 100 <4 eae 26, 135, 137 eee cos eee 100, 101, 102, | 5:16........... 138 as erties? HOw Tile Diler
517-21... 139 a6 2 102 -
ifegees iS 74 15 5 18 Pcnwanueend 134 pag peas roe ay pie orale 102, 110,254 | 5-49
ik Lo paeenee 76 A Te Asse a Ds Paes eRe ot 26, 142, 262 1:19-20 ..... 76
3:28-30 ..... 103, 110
144. 240
120 une Town S Woes wk ee eee = 25) eee 104 ae Gao SS... 144
| coal eres 79 g Pee
RSA 30, 34, 53,
L208 Laat 82 106, 254 ew cvccccscesece eo = Sil tte 83 ANeg beat aeed 106 6 4 weeececesvees 152 1:32 ves 84, 86 LS a 33, 267 [Se pata ; 6:12-14 ..... 147
eeteeeeesee 86 ip ee 116 fee Be Ses Oot pilelne, AF veseeeeeees » 9, TIS, es) z CY Aer 111 148. 149. 150
: ae ee $s AST sossseesnnees 102 68Siiac 150 : a Se aS us 4:14 ats heus oeete 114 6:15-23 ae 151 sesseaseses Fa lo eens On An 6:23 .........54 pi eee 88 142, 261 ANG. eee 18, 26
Indexes SSG, LS 10S iad 195, 201 10:6 v.11 196 Ws ac! 197
MOB ccna 197, 198 hl aaa 199 10:10 44, 199 AOE co 32 10:11-13....200
10:12 .........20, 187, 194 0 Reser SIE 114 nct28,2015,002) 202, 203 1015 ees) 203 Moe e169: 170, (ae 143, 152, 254,
=: ee 152 2 i 152 [re 153 (i re 154 ee: 104, 265, 265
BEANS 8.0: 155
a FS 157 Srl ceccae Wis) Oe Guccc ane: 176
8:18-21 ..... 176
See eee 176 coe eee 177 ys Neier ily 9 SEs eee 161,179 SEL Op eee 181, 228 [o'9 ee 158, 172
WAG 234. 2
98, 143, 158 a. re isn, 2540) °° 13 Cher es 160 7:15-23 .....160
8:26—27 ....: 180
8:28—29 ..... 180 a eee 172 SSO aa renct 181 $3194 aa ho?
198, 202, 288 eee 204 1117, 2, 204 Ue Ghewnsects 187 GE eee 204 ys eee 204, 205 Ht210 an 208 (ii1272205 11:13415.,,,
11:16-17....
11:18-24....
Nha Sc aeees ty 132 ena, 207 11:33-36....208 ee: 209 ie or 210 Ve eee 213 12:35 2.21214
126-218. 014 cur: 209
VO ee 148 1G hse: 216
13:14. 217
7 | re 161 POF tn.: 161 oe 40 7 ae 162 T2495 «1 (oe 162 SSA aeons 28, 120 roots Wea 183 OFS Taree case) 183 Se te 185 2 ES VER een 188 Rees 188 oF Ih Oe 188 215 a. 190
Be ik 163, 264 re 149, 163, 167 ey aa 163, 164, 265 Se 164, 165, 166, 9-14-16 ..... 190
OAS). 2a 190 254, 255 ae 166 a 167 DELO cwnciisues 188, 190 SAW le ere 19] 9:18—24 ..... 19] Oa cac oes 168, 168n,
se 39, 169 oe 170 BAO sicko 170, 272 ih eee 170
GD 2.22 36
Oe 47, 49, 148, 173, 262 Be ae 49, 174 Gi eee 128, 169, 173 9:25-26 ..... 192
DDT) ees 192 Oe lcsrneslot LOZ 9:28-29 ..... 192
9:30-32 ....2 193 O33. catered 127, 194 [Ota eeeees 195 LO ress 5) LOB isr tues' 195
LOA Bee. 3
S27 IDS Nie Othatesnds ae: Lap,
Commentary on Romans OIA 223 eee ae 70 ae es 224 hy eee 223 BANS Shunt 274 ee 52 13:8-10.....223
7 ee 4] Galaiaes Nemes 223
es eee 224 1) eee 273 Deak 231 13-11-1342 ae 36, 49, 173 Lite 60 es Pees, 224 6:9-10 .......15
Er gebivikeMe 231, 240, 246, 13:14 ccs 225 So oe 285
(Vil eee 226, 238 Ce a 233 2221 weeeseeees 27 1431-3 80931 Ce re 295 3:11-12......71 ones. DEY: ot ee 48 B13 seeesssees 149, 165, 167, 14:4-12 .....232
Cl . 23 a ae 14:13-14 ...233 i ee 49 oe te » ARs 14:94 02. 234
10314 22.1 282 ag 2: pee T4105: sccees 234 1124 a7 nates co a2 PANG cleats 234 11:24-25....272
Ce te 286 1 eee 234, 273 Tisie 171 ~ ie: 173
14:18-22 ...235 os 49, 199 a ke 125 ips eee 263 14:40... 227
Sigoh = oh 235 [403.8 109, 236,272 | 15:14-24...291 at ae pp 15 oes 285 15:55 2003 171 ag oon pihet Sid
[e5G70-1 85, 98, 142, eo trae: = 15:3-4 .......287
pes
15:56 288 16:22). 3 231, 246 cule pe 15:25-33 ...293
2 Corinthians 1h. 296
V1 eesccsse 47 rere 1G Bicnccx 296 a ee 15 apne ee 1 Corinthians
cia sot or 138 ac eel 67 Spe ee 154, 228 ane ay ae 74) Rae ty, 25 147 ceed .
$208 A 131
Seen '% Dts ghed 155 I a ae 42, 55, 131 ae Ses a 3:12
28, 30 a aetna:
1, LAS 240
oo Se TON ay ec ad 647 87 Sones 67 piso 294
Indexes
Colossians Soyer ees 49 BO) Ree en 37, 284 2B Nie 2 ol P=16.47 pI) ee 165 Loe AD ee peer 284 P30 SER ere 222 72 Ie naa 3h] PD Nope eae
OP OPH RAS.
A act 230 Hebrews ace 224 Oc ee 94, 273 Sea ices are 48 Se ecceeranee 224 SEIS vases 224 2 Peter BEDS ce 280, 281 SoS eres 2 A eee 242 tl Seer 58 vB I cMecenteer Pe SOee Sf 1A Ne pore re 247 LO reece 296 ci-8 pe oes 146 BGs ew ote Wie} RIX) ean 49 'ail Eee ener 179 SSR ecard we 47 LN Nigar 290 WD Serine 120 1 Thessalonians
1 John 2th] ule eee 266 [eS yee ie 254 10 e/a 90 IPSN eases 174 2 Thessalonians Lied etnssctes ect 32.
71S ahaa 241 Dee ace 34 Saeco ae 23,30; 38, 82, 1 i Se pean eee 265 DEVIN ss cascicu se 27 {Boe See he Ae 49
Se eens AI S0; 173 Si [toe ena 47 eee 237) 1 Timothy TGR nc 15 (SSE ow. te, 202 James WS! Sarees 142 Piece OU, i Sil 47, 173 Forel lige eee 266 Sellers: 18, 31, 118, 2g] Ee ee 5] 1:18-19 .....47
2:23-24 .....51
759 Pepe tee ee 21
6) OSE 280
2 Eola 45 NO ays 148 1 Peter | of Ee Se 127 eee eae Ue Nee I Pe Me Revelation Ue Se Neer 272
BS 2665.53
.M4513 2010
Melanchthon, Philipp, 1497-1560.
Commentary on Romans
- mong the most significant contributions Melanchthon made to the life of the church were his biblical
# ~ Xcommentaries. This volume from Melanchthon's hq _ iffescd a model for the proclamation of the Gospel and a vita for understanding the whole body of biblical teaching to Witt¢= students in the sixteenth century. It continues to be of value tq: a <aaa preachers and other students of Scripture today.
CSL ol MgS aygc ce From the foreword by Robert Missions Professor of Systematic Theolog
Concordia Seminary, St.
ISBN 13:
978-0-7586-2686-8
ISBN 10:
0-7586-2686-X
Concordia 80758°6268 ())) Publishing House Biblical Studies / New Testament Studies
\ :
/ Paul & His Writings 15-5148