Muslim Kingdoms; Moghul Empire

Kingdoms of Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmednagar and Bidar.7 The defeat of Vijayanagar Tallikota proved a turning point in the history of Andhra. It established the supremacy of Islamism in Deccan for about three centuries. The Kings fled and resettled at Penugonda, then at Chandragiri and find another line of dynasty known as ‘Karnata’8 which extended over the whole of Southern India for about a century.9 MUSLIM KINGDOMS: Hasan Zafar Khan with the Muslims of Deccan revolted against the Sultan of Delhi and established the Bahmani Kingdom with Gulbarga as its capital in 134610 which was subsequently split into five Sultanates: Ahmednagar, Berar, Bijapur, Bidar and Golconda. These Kingdoms were always at war with each other, yet they joined together, when it was a question of fighting against Vijayanagar. Golconda was the capital of the Kutub Shahis until the foundation of Bhagnagar in 1589. In 1687, Aurangazeb conquered it after a siege of eight months and annexed it to the Moghul empire. MOGHUL EMPIRE: All ready in 1591 Akbar, the Moghul Emperor from North India sent embassies to the four Kingdoms of Deccan to have them

recognise his authority. Only Khandesh submitted but later rebelled against Moghul Emperor in 1601. In 1635, Shah Jahan fought against the Sulthan of Bijapur, which resulted in the Sultan’s obedience to the emperor and the appointment of Aurangazeb as the Viceroy of Deccan, having charge over the four provinces of Khandesh, Beer, Telingana and Danlatabad. When Aurangazeb succeeded to the Mysore in 1658, he carried on his aggressive policy of conquering the Sultans of Bijapur and Golconda in 1686 and 1687 respectively.12 On the death of Aurangazeb in 1707, the Moghul empire was in utter confusion and several independent principalities came into existence, the Principal ones being; Hyderabad, Maratha Kingdom and Mysore. Here it is described the political history of Hyderabad until the formation of Andhra Pradesh. The State of Hyderabad was founded by Mir Quamruddin Chin Qilich Khan. He was the son of Aurangazeb’s general, Ghazi-ud-din Khan Feroz Jang. In 1713, six years after Aurangazeb’s death, Emperor Farruksiyar made Mir Qamruddin, Viceroy of Deccan, with the title of Nizam-ul-Mulk Feroz Jung. Later Emperor Mohammad Shah conferred on him the title of Asaf Jah. By 1724, Mir Qamruddin made himself virtually independent of Delhi.