Augustine of Hippo: Selected Writings
THE RULE OF ST. AUGUSTINE
. When you want to wash your clothes or have them laundered do so in consultation with the superior, lest an excessive desire for clean clothes defile your souls.
. Neither shall the body be denied the proper hygienic care according to the requirements of good health. Let the physician's advice be carried out without objections. If anyone refuses to comply he must, at the superior's command, do what is useful for his health. But if a sick brother desires something that is perhaps not helpful, his wish shall not be fulfilled. At times something is believed helpful because it is pleasant though it may be harmful.
. Finally, in the case of an ailment which does not externally appear, whatever a servant of God says about his illness should be believed without mistrust. Nevertheless, the physician should be consulted if it is uncertain that the remedy desired is helpful.
. No fewer than two or three of you together should go to the public baths or elsewhere on necessary business. Nor should he who must go somewhere on business go with the companions he, chooses; he ought to go with those whom the superior appoints.
. The care of the sick and convalescent or those suffering from any weakness of health even without fever should be entrusted to a special brother so that he may procure from the dispensary whatever he deems appropriate in each case.
. Those charged with the kitchen, clothing, or books should serve their brothers without complaining. Books should be requested at a fixed hour each day. Whoever makes a request outside this time should be refused. But clothes and shoes must be given to those who need them without delay by those in charge.
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VI. Unanimity and Forgiveness. Let there be no quarrels among you or, if they arise, end them as quickly as possible, lest your anger grow into hatred and the splinter become a beam (Mt 7:3-5) and make your heart a murderer's den. For we read in the Scriptures: "Whoever hates his brother is a murderer" (1 Jn 3:15).
. Whoever has offended another by harshly reproaching, insulting, or calumniating him should be quick to make amends and
AUGUSTINE OF HIPPO
he who was offended should forgive without reproaches. If, however, the injury has been mutual, both must forgive each other's trespasses (Mt 6:12). And this on account of your prayers, which should be recited with greater sincerity each time you repeat them. He who is quick-tempered yet prompt to ask pardon from one he admittedly offended is better than the one who, although less inclined to anger, finds asking for forgiveness too difficult. He who is never willing to ask pardon or who from his heart does not do so (Mt 18:35) has no purpose in being in a religious community even though he is not expelled. Take care then to avoid being too harsh in your words; but if they should escape your lips, let those same lips which caused the wound not be ashamed to speak the healing word.
. Sometimes, however, the need for discipline may require you to speak harshly when correcting young people who have not yet reached adulthood. Even if you think you have been excessive in your language, you are not required to ask forgiveness. For if your conduct toward these young people is too submissive, then your authority, which they should be ready to accept, is undermined. In such cases you should ask forgiveness of the Lord of All who knows how much you love your brothers, even those whom you have perhaps disciplined too severely. Anyway, you are to love one another with a spiritual and not a carnal love.
VII. Love in Authority and Obedience. The superior should be obeyed as a father (Heb 13:17), with the respect due him, so that in him you honor God. This is even more true in the case of the priest who bears responsibility for all of you.
. It belongs primarily to the superior to see that these rules are all observed, and if some point has been neglected to see to it that the fault is not carelessly overlooked but corrected and punished. Whatg¢ver exceeds the limits of his authority in this matter should be referred to a higher superior.
. Your superior, however, ought not to seek his happiness in power which enables him to lord it over you (Lk 22:25—26) but in charity whereby he can be of service to you (Gal 5:13). As a superior let him be upheld in honor before you, as a servant
THE RULE OF ST. AUGUSTINE
let him submit himself in fear before God. Let him be an example to all of good works (Ti 2:7). "Let him restrain the unruly, console the weak, support the sick, be patient with everyone" (1 Thes 5:14). Let him readily uphold discipline while instilling fear. And he should try to be loved by you rather than feared, although both love and respect are necessary. Let him always remember that he will have to account to God for the way he has looked after you (Heb 13:17).
. By your ready obedience, therefore, you not only show compassion to yourselves (Sir 30:24) but at the same time also to your superior because the higher is his rank among you, so much the greater is his danger.
VIII. Observance of the Rule. May the Lord grant that you joyfully observe all these rules as lovers of spiritual beauty. Send forth the good odor of Christ (2 Cor 2:15) by your good way of living, not as those enslaved under the law but as those liberated under grace (Rom 6:14—22).
. This little book is to be read to you once a week. As in a mirror you will be able to see in it whether there is anything you are neglecting or forgetting (Jas 1:23-25). And when you find that you are doing what has been written here, give thanks to the Lord, the Giver of all good. But if anyone finds that he has failed on any point, let him repent for the past and be vigilant for the future. Let him pray: Forgive me my trespasses and lead me not into temptation (Mt 6:12—13).
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Selected Bibliography
I. Works of Augustine
A. Collections Patrologia Latina. Migne edition. Paris, 1841-1842.
Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum. Vienna, 1891-. Corpus Christianorum. Series Latina. Turnhout, Belgium, 1953-. Bibliotheque Augustinienne. Desclée de Brouwer, 1969. Biblioteca de Auctores Cristianos. Madrid, 1931-.
Ocuvres de saint Augustin. Paris. 1948-.
B. English translations in Series
The Works of Aurelius Augustinus. Edinburgh, 1871-1876. A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers. New York, 1887-1902. The Fathers of the Church. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1947-. Ancient Christian Writers. Westminster, Md., 1946-.
Library of Christian Classics. Philadelphia, Pa., 1953-.
C. Journals Revue des Etudes Augustiniennes. Paris. Augustinian Studies. Villanova: Augustinian Institute, 1970-. Augustinus. Madrid.
II. Secondary Works
A. Books Armstrong, A. H., ed. The Cambridge History of Ancient and Early
Medieval Philosophy. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1967.
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
A. M. la. Recherches de chronologie Augustinienne. Paris: Etudes Augustiniennes, 1965. Bonner, G. Saint Augustine of Hippo. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1963. Bourke, V. Augustine's Quest for Wisdom. Milwaukee: Bruce, 1945.
. Augustine's View of Reality. Villanova: Villanova University Press, 1964. Bouyer, L. The Spirituality of the New Testament and the Fathers.
New York: Seabury Press, 1963. Boyer, C. L idée de verité dans la philosophie de saint Augustin. 2nd ed.
Paris: J. Vrin, 1940. Brown, P. Augustine of Hippo. Berkeley: University of California
Press, 1967. Burnaby, J. Amor Dei: A Study of the Religion of St. Augustine.
London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1938. Butler, C. Western Mysticism. 2nd ed. New York: Harper, 1966. Cayré, F. Dieu présent dans la vie de lesprit. Paris: Desclée, 1951.
. La contemplation Augustinienne. Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 1927s Clark, M. T. Augustine, Philosopher of Freedom. New York: Desclée, 1959.
. Augustinian Personalism. Villanova: Villanova University Press, 1970. Cochrane, C. Christianity and Classical Culture. Oxford: Clarendon
Press, 1944. Combes, G. La charité d'apres saint Augustin. Paris: Desclée, 1934. Courcelle, P. Recherches sur les Confessions de Saint Augustin. Paris: E. de Boccard, 1968. D'Arcy, M. C., ed. A Monument to St. Augustine. New York: Dial
Press, 1930. du Roy, O. L'intelligence de la Foi en la Trinité selon saint Augustin.
Paris: Etudes Augustiniennes, 1966. Gilson, E. The Christian Philosophy of Saint Augustine. New York: Random, 1960. Grabowski, S. J. The All Present God. St. Louis: B. Herder, 1954. Hand, T. Saint Augustine on Prayer. Dublin: Gill & Son, 1963. Henry, P. Saint Augustine on Personality. Villanova: Villanova University Press, 1960.
. La Vision d'Ostie. Paris: Vrin, 1938.
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hill, W. Proper Relations to the Indwelling Divine Persons. Washington, D. C.: Thomist Press, 1952. Holte, R. Bégtitude et Sagesse. Paris: Etudes Augustiniennes, 1962. Hultigren, G. Le Commandement d'amour chez Augustin. Paris: Vrin, 1939: Ladner, B. B. The Idea of Reform: Its Impact on Christian Thought and Action in the Age of the Fathers. New York: Harper & Row, 1967. Legrand, L. La Notion philosophique de la Trinité chez saint Augustin.
Paris, 1930. MacNamara, M. Friendship in St. Augustine. Fribourg, 1958. Mandouze, A. Saint Augustin, laventure de la raison et de la grace, Paris: Etudes Augustiniennes, 1968. Marrou, H. The Resurrrection and Saint Augustine's Theology of Human Values. Villanova: Villanova University Press, 1966.
. St. Augustine and His Influence through the Ages. Trans. P. Hepburne-Scott. London: Longmans, 1957. Nash, R. H. The Light of the Mind. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1969. O'Donovan, O. The Problem of Self-Love in St. Augustine. New
Haven: Yale University Press, 1980. O'Meara, J. J. The Young Augustine. Paris: Etudes Augustiniennes, 1054: Pellegrino, M. Give What You Command. New York: Catholic Book
Publishing Company, 1975. Plotinus. The Enneads. Trans. S. MacKenna. London: Faber &
Faber, 1956. Pope, H. The Teaching of St. Augustine on Prayer and the Contemplative Life. London: Burns, Oates & Washbourne, 1935. Portalié, E. A Guide to the Thought of St. Augustine. Trans. R. J.
Bastian, Chicago: Regnery, 1960. Pourrat, P. Christian Spirituality. 4 vols. Westminster, Md.: Newman Press, 1953. Reno, B. The Order of St. Augustine. Trans. A. Ennis. Rome, 1975. Sullivan, J. E. The Image of God. Dubuque: The Priory Press, 1963. TeSelle, E. Augustine the Theologian. New York: Herder & Herder, 1970. Thonnard, F. J. Traité de la vie spirituelle a l'école de saint Augustin.
Paris: Desclée, 1952.
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Van Bavel, T. J. Christians in the World. New York: Catholic Book
Publishing Company, 1980.
. Recherches sur la Christologie de saint Augustin. Fribourg: Editions Universitaiies, 1954. Van der Meer, F. Augustine the Bishop. Trans. B. Battershaw & G.
R. Lamb. New York & London: Sheed and Ward, 1961. Verheijen, L. Nouvelle Approche de la Reégle de saint Augustin. Begrolles en Mauges (Maine et Loire): Abbaye de Bellefontaine, 1980.
. La régle de Saint Augustin. 2 vols. Paris: Etudes Augustiniennes, 1967.
. Saint Augustine's Monasticism in the Light of Acts. Villanova: Villanova University Press, 1979.
. Saint Augustine: Monk, Priest, Bishop. Villanova: Augustinian Historical Institute, 1978.
B. Articles Arbesmann, R. '""The Concept of 'Christus humilis' in St. Augustine." Traditio 10 (1954): 1-28. Armstrong, A. H. "Salvation, Plotinian and Christian." Downside
Review 75 (1957): 126-139. Aubin, P. "L'image dans loeuvre de Plotin." Recherches des Sciences
Religieuses 41 (1953): 348-379. Bardy, G. "Dons du Saint-Esprit (Saint Augustin). Dictionnaire de
WI, fasc. 22-23, cc. 1585-1586. Paris, 1956. Boyer, C. "Augustin," Dictionnaire de Spiritualité I, cc. 1101-1130.
. "L'image de la Trinité, synthése de la pensée Augustinienne." Gregorianum 27 (1946): 173-199; 333-352. Brunet, R. "Charité et communion des saints chez saint Augustin." Revue d'Ascétique et de Mystique 31 (1955): 386-398. Cayré, F. "Dieu présent au coeur." L'Année Théologique Augustintennes 13 (1953): 347-365.
. "Le Mysticisme de la sagesse dans les Confessions et le De Trinitate de saint Augustin." L'Année Théologique Augustintennes 13 (1953): 347-365.
. "La Notion de sagesse chez saint Augustin."
. "L'Oraison selon l'esprit de saint Augustin." La Vie Spirituelle 43 (1935): 255-263.
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
. "Saint Augustin et la spiritualité contemporaine." Supplement: La Vie Spirituelle 19 (1929): 214-227. Comeau, M. ''Le Christ, chemin et terme de l'ascension spirituelle d'aprés saint Augustin." Recherches de Sciences Religieuses 40 (1952): 80-89. Graille, R. "La spiritualité de saint Augustin." France Franciscaines
14 (1931): 473-503. Heijke, J. "St. Augustine's Comments on 'Imago Dei' (exclusive of De Trinitate) Supplement III: Classical Folia, 1960. Maréchal, J. "La Vision de Dieu au sommet de la contemplation d'aprés saint Augustin." Nouvelle Revue Théologique 57 (1930): 89-109, 191-214. Maritain, J. "Concerning Augustinian Wisdom." Degrees of Know!- edge. New York: Scribners, 1938, pp. 358-381. McCool, G. "The Ambrosian Origin of the Image of God in Man." Theological Studies 20 (1959): 62-81. Miano, V. "L'interiorita agostiniana." Salesianum 4 (1942): 120-142. Moran, P. J. "Bibliografia sobre la Espiritualidad de San Augustin" (1925-1958). Revista Augustiniana de Esptiritualidad. Madrid: 1960. Morel, C. "La Vie de priére de saint Augustin d'aprés sa correspondance." Revue d'Ascétique et de Mystique 23 (1947): 222-258. Smith, A. "St. Augustine and Religious Life." Blackfriars 35 (1954): 471-476. Van Bavel, T. J. "The Evangelical Inspiration of the Rule of St.
Augustine." Downside Review 93 (1975).
C. Collected Works Augustinus Magister. 3 vols. Congres international Augustinien. Paris: Etudes Augustiniennes, 1954. Living in Freedom under Grace. Rome: Curia Generalizia Agostinjana, 1979. Searching for God. Rome: Augustinian Publications, 1981.
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Index to Introduction
Absolute Good, 25-26, 29 Adam, 31 Adam of St. Victor, 52 Adeodatus, 46, 48 Alexander IV (pope), 52 All-Soul, 23 Alypius, 48, 49 Ambrose, St., 11, 15, 30, 47 Anthony, St., 11, 48 Arianism, 8, 15, 50
Bouyer, Louis, 3 Boyer, Charles, 36, 37 Butler, Cuthbert, 36
Caecilianus, 49 Canons of St. Victor, 52 Canons Regular, 52 Carthage, 45, 46 Cassian, 52 Cassiciacum, 48 Cavallera, R.P., 36 Cayré, P. Fulbert, 36, 38 Celestine I, St. (pope), 52 Charity, 5-6, 38, 39, 42, 44 Christology, 43 Church, nature of, 43 Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 13, 46 City of God, The, 20-21, 38, 43, Aristotle, 18 Ascent to the Absolute, 25-26, 37, 38 Asceticism, 5, 16, 41-42 Athanasius, St., 8 Augustine: community of, 49; concubines, 46-47; conversion, 48; ecstasies, 25; family, 45-46; influence, 52-53; ordination, 49; works
51 Clement of Alexandria, 4-5 Coelestius, 50 Community, 12, 20-21, 42-43, 44 Confessions, 3, 9, 12, 26, 30, 51; listed, 50-51 Augustinian Rule, 52 Augustinians of the Assumption, mysticism, 36, 38 Contemplation, 40, 43-44 Conversion, 10, 22, 35, 43; 52 Aurelius (bishop), 49
Augustine's, 9, 12; process
Beauty, 14, 39 Benedict of Nursia, St., 52 Berulle, Cardinal Pierre de, 52 of, 13 Corpus, 13
INDEX
Greek Fathers, 4, 5 Gregory Nazianzen, St., 15
Council of African Bishops, 49 Council of Constantinople, 50 Council of Orange, 50
Happiness, 41 Happy Life, The, 4 Hendrikx, P.E., 36 Henry, Paul, 36 Hessen, Johannes, 36 Hilary of Poitier, St., 15 Hippo, 45, 50 Holy Spirit, 7-8, 32-33, 43 Hortensius (Cicero), 13, 27, 46 Hugh of St. Victor, 52 Human dignity, 12 Hypostasis, 21 d'Alzon (priest), 52 de la Taille, P., 36 De Quantitate Animae, 26 Desert Fathers, 52 Dialogues, 50 Dictionary of Spirituality, 37 Dominicans (Order of Preachers), 52 Donatists, 49 Donatus, 49 Dualism, 46
Eighty-three Questions, 27 Enneads, 23, 26 Epistles of John, 48, 51 Ethics, 20 Eucharist, 42 Evagrius, 48
Image doctrine, 22, 23, 38-39, 42 Incarnation, 26-27, 41° Incomplete Work Against Julian, 34 Infused contemplation, 36, 37 Inner light, 10-11 Intellect (nous). See Mind International Augustinian
Faith, 27-28
Fall of Rome, 50 Faustus, 46-47 Free choice (liberum arbitrium), Congress, 36
Jesus Christ, 8, 11, 39; mediation by, 24-25, 42 John of the Cross, St., 37 John the Evangelist, St., 6, 10, 24, 293 O32 55 Freedom (libertas), 29-33, 42 Free will, 31—33 Friendship, 42
43, 44 Julian (bishop of Eclanum), 50
Genesis, commentary on, 51 Geyser, Joseph, 36 Gnosis, 4 God the Father, 8 Good works, 27-28 Gospels, 51 Grace, 27, 28, 30, 31-32, 34, 41
Law, 28, 29, 30
Letters, 51 Licentius, 48 Life and Works of St. Catherine of Genoa, The, 36 Light, 19, 27
INDEX
Liturgy, 4 Love, 12, 17; freedom and, 32-33
On the Gift of Perseverance, 35 On the Goodness of Marriage, 51 On the Morals of the Catholic
Madaura, 45 Mandouza, M. André, 36, 37 Mani, 49 Manichees, 32, 46, 49 Maréchal, J., 37 Martyrs, 5 Matter, 23 Maturity, 31 Memory, 13, 17, 18-20, 32 Mens (mind), 13, 18 Metanoia. See Conversion Milan, 45, 47 Mind, 13, 18, 22-24, 29-33 Monasteries, 44, 49 Monica, St., 4, 11, 30, 39, 46-48 Morals of the Catholic Faith, Church, 48, 51 On the Morals of the Manichees, 48 On the Trinity, 15, 17-18, 22, 38,
40, 42, 51 On Virginity, 51 Oratory of France, 52 Origen, 41, 47 Original sin, 50 Order of St. Augustine, 52 Order of the Hermits of St.
Augustine, 52
Ostia, 39, 48
Pagans, 49 Patricius, 45-46 Paul, St., 4-8, 10, 11, 19, 28, 38,
The, 48, 51 Mystical Body, 41 Mysticism, 5, 35-42, 51
43, 47 Paul VI (pope), 53 Pelagianism, 29, 32, 49 Pelagius, 50 Pentecost, 43 Pius XI (pope), 52 Pius XII (pope), 52 Platonism, 10, 11, 13, 24;
Naturalism, 43 Natural law, 20 Neoplatonism, 4, 6, 22, 37 New Academy, 47 Nous. See Mind mysticism and, 37; reality and, 47 Plotinianism, 43 Plotinus, 6, 21-26, 36, 37, 38 Ponticianus, 11, 48 Porphyry, 21 Portalié, Eugene, 34, 36 Praemonstratensians, 52 Prayer, 9 Predestination, 34-35, 50 Psalms, 19-20, 39, 51
Old Testament, 47 Olphé-Gaillard, 37 On Catechesis, 51 On Christian Doctrine, 51 One and Many, 21 On Fasting, 51 On Free Choice, 35 On Genesis Against the
Manicheans, 34 On Lying, 51
INDEX
Reconciliation, 24-25 Temptation, 30 Retractions, 34, 51 Teresa of Avila, St., 51-52 Richard of St. Victor, 52 Thagaste, 45, 46 Romanianus, 46 To Simplicianus, 28 Rome, 45, 47; fall of, 50 Trinity, 8-9, 12, 15-17, 21, 43, 44 Rondet, P., 38 Trygetius, 48 Rule of St. Augustine, 52
Understanding, 27
Sacraments, validity of, 50 i i 9 Scripture, 4, 6, 27, 43; eacires ie
Ree eae a; Victorinus, Marius, 8—9, 11, 16, anichean view, 46 71. 48 Self, 15-16, 26 Self-love, 42 Semi-Arianism, 50 Sensuality, 30
Virtue, 27-28, 50
Vision d'Ostie, La, 36 Von Hugel, Baron F., 16, 36 Von Ivanka, Endre, 36 Sensus, 13
Sermons, 51 Western Mysticism, 36° Simplicianus, 11, 27, 34, 48 Will 7233 Souk-Ahras, Algeria, 45 Wisdom, 17-20, 38-40, 47 Soul, pre-existence of, 19 Word of God. See Scripture Spiritus, 13 World, attitude toward, 16 Stages of life, 28 Subsistent relations, 15 Zosimus (pope), 50
Index to Texts
Animal memory, 127, 137 Anthony, St., 89, 98 Antichrists, 299, 300-1, 303 Antiochus, 440 Apollinarians, 76, 404 Apollo, 469 Apostles, 376, 384-86, 400 Arcesilaus, 435 Arianism, 225, 274, 311, 377, 404
Abraham, 405, 421 Academics. See Platonists Active life, 435, 437-38, 440, 465 Adam, 418-19 Adeodatus (son of Augustine), 108, 117-18, 165, 171, 181 Adversity, 144, 167-68
Afterlife. See Eternal life Alaric, 429 Alexander IV (pope), 483 Almsgiving, 243 Alypius, 104; Christology, 76, Aristotle, 430 Art, 1352 Ascent to God, 287-88, 353; love and, 430; memory and, 127, conversion, 108; conversion of Augustine, 88, 92, 97-99; "Regulation for a Monastery," 481 Ambrose, 81, 89, 107, 119; on 137; monastic life, 482; opponents of, 203-5, 209; Psalm 119, 199-212; Psalm
120, 213-30; Psalm 121, 231-32; Psalm 122, 248-61 Astrology, 64-67 Athanasius, St., 150 Augustine: catechumenate, 104; seeing God, 375, 377, 378-87, 391, 396, 400, 401; sermons, 165, 166 Anaximenes, 126 Angels, 277, 315, 440, 450-51; concubines, 81, 96-97; conversion, 80-99; death of Monica, 116-21; illness of, appearances, 375, 380; heaven and, 232, 233, 285, 286; saints as, 269; seeing
102, 107; Ostia experience, 114-16; retirement from teaching, 101—4; studies, 68-70, 77-79
G0d.,3 73,2375 )3 76, 379 M389, 450-51; wicked, 160-61, 216,
INDEX
Children of God, 423 Church: exiled state, 207; Authority as service, 459-60, 489-90, 491, 492-93 handmaid role, 253, Mystical Body, 248, 311, Baptism, 181-85, 307, 416-17, 364, 423-25 Cicero, Marcus Tullius: 419, 421 Basil of Caesarea, St., 311 Beauty: earthly, 126-27, 151, 440; Augustine influenced by, 91, 169; death, on, 344, 358; happiness and unhappiness, God as, 144, 482; perception of, 379 Belief, sources of, 368-70 Bellarmine, Robert, St., 481 Birth and rebirth, 419-21 Bishops, 465 Blessed Virgin Mary. See Mary, on, 174, 184, 190, 441, 446; state, on, 431, 466; virtue, on, 346 City of God, The, 429-31; text,
433-78 Civic peace, 462-64 Civilization, four pillars of, 429 Civil servants, conversion of, Mother of Jesus Body: dangers to, 441; nature of, 173; peace of, 455-56; resurrection, 397-99, 429-30, 451; soul and, 87, 438-39, 441
89-9] 2 Clothing, monastic, 490-91 Common good, 435, 436, 437-38, 440 Common property, 482, 485 Community, 211, 246, 453-55, Caiaphas, 423 Canon movement, 482 Captivity, 449 Cato, 444 Change, 176, 186, 237-38, 352 Charitable works, 242-43 Charity, 325-29, 350, 430, 476; 467, 474; monastic, 483-93 Concepts, memory and, 121-34 Concupiscence. See Lust Confession, 123-25, 490 Confessions, The, 57, 430; text, active life and, 465; faith and, 318; forgiveness as, 299-307; God and, 297, 300-1, 303, 312, 387, 394, 59-193 Consolation (Cicero), 441 Contemplative life, 435, 437, 440, 465, 482 Contempt, 256-58 Continence. See Chastity Contrition, 67, 84, 122-25, 396, 459, 474; lack of, 77; monastic life and, 481-82, 485-86; necessity of, 243-44; power of, 245, 312; self-love and, 430 Chastity, 97, 145; limited prayer
250-51, 289, 291-92 Conversion, 101, 206 Cornelius, 422 Council of Nicaea, 311 Covenants, 208 for, 91; monastic, 488 Childhood, 337-38, 414-16
INDEX
Creation: beauty of, 125, 126;
Epicurus, 434 Epistles of John, 297-307 Erasmus, 481 Eschatology, 429 Eternal life, 344, 358-59, 383, goodness of, 71-73; images of, 63; Word as source of, 269-70, 273, 275-76 Crispina, 227 Curiosity, 153-55 Cynics, 435, 436-37, 440, 464
408-9, 452 Eternity, 237, 344 Eucharist, 283 Eusebius of Vercelli, 482
Daniel, 460 Dardanus, 403 David, 303 Death, 288-89, 445, 450, 478; Evil, 441, 443-45; negative nature of, 72-74, 431, 457; source of, 61—64, 67 Evil persons: immortality, 452; Cicero on, 344, 358; crucifixion of Jesus, 228, inability to see God, 373-74, 381, 383, 389; social life and, 446-47 Evodius, 109-10, 118
289-90, 404—5, 407, 469; suicide, 443-45 De Magistrato, 108 Demons. See Devils De Philosophia (Varro), 433-36 De Republica, 466, 467 Descent to man, 200-3, 237 Detachment, 214-15 Devils, 181-82, 216, 222; inability
Exile, 207-8
Faith, 363, 366, 464, 476; awareness of, 371-72; charity and, 387; community and, 474; dangers, 223, 225, 450; grace and, 224-25; nature of, 220, 297, 320, 343; need for, 297, 440-41; peace and, 268; seeing God and, 217-18, to see God, 373-74, 381, 383,
389; paganism and, 451, 463,
467, 468, 471-73, 475
Disease, 449 Disobedience, 461-62 Donatism, 297 Dreams, 145-46 Drunkenness, 147 Dualism, 60
318, 333-34, 363, 366, 476; sources of, 369, 370, 391-92; understanding and, 197, 388, 464, 476; virtues and, 318, 320, 329-30 Faith healing, 107, 109 False advisers, 203-5, 209 Falsehood, 73 False humility, 158 Families, 430, 446-47, 459 Famine, 449 Fantasies, 393
Ecstasy, 385, 396 Egypt, 70 Eliseus, 411 Elizabeth, St., 414-15 Emotions, memory and, 133 Enmities, 446-47 Envy, 159, 487
INDEX
God the Son. See Jesus Christ Goodness, ultimate, 316-18, 330 Gospels, 214, 267-80, 281-93 Gossip, 154 Governments, role of, 430 Grace, 78; baptism and, 364; Fasting, 486-87
Fear, 187 Fear of the Lord, 331 Final evil, 433, 436, 440 Final good, 433, 440, 451-52, 476; Varro on, 436—40 Firminius, 65—66 Flesh. See Body Folly, 155-56, 187-89, 214, humility and, 477; meriting ability to see God, 376, 380, 386-90; Mystical Body and, 425; varieties of, 413 Gradual psalms, 119-261 Gregory of Nazianzus, St., 311 Gregory of Nyssa, St., 311 Grief, 450
216-17, 229, 233, 250, 477 Food, 173, 449; fasting, 486-87; gluttony, 146-49 Foresight, 346 Forgetfulness, 132, 135-36, 348-49 Forgiveness: divine, 205-6, 289-92, 356, 417, 476, 477; human, 299, 301, 492 Fortitude, 344, 345, 443, 444-45 Freedom, conversion and, 101 Free will, 62 Friendship, 449 Fullness, 190
Habit, sin and, 88 Happiness, 165-93, 430433, 445; final good and, 436, 445; God and, 141, 176, 180, 182, 192-93, 352; memory of, 139-40; search for, 139-41, 167-68, 174-75, 178-79; secular view of, 430, 433; Stoic view of, 435, 440, 443-44, virtues and, 442-43, 445; wisdom and, 178 Happy Life, The, 165-93, 430 Heaven, 232-47, 404; Psalm 122, Generosity, 482 Gervasius, 109 Gluttony, 146-49 God: ability to see, 363, 372-402; attributes, 272-73, 353, 409-13; creator, as, 469-70; happiness and, 141, 176, 180, 250, 251-52 Hecate, 470-71 Hell, pains of, 457-58 Heresy, 225-26, 268. See also
182, 192-93; love, as, 302-7; memory and, 143; persons in, see individual persons; sacrifices to, 469, 470, 473-74, search for, 181-84; truth, as, 142-43;"wisdom, aS Lo? God the Father, 59-60, 62-63, individual heresies Hippo, 482 History, 429 Holy Spirit: appearances, 375, 377, 414; baptism and, 284-85; love, as, 297-98, 3119313
INDEX
302-3; omnipresence, 410-13; prophets and, 468; symbols of, 284-85, 286-87, Jeremiah, 420, 423, 476 Jerome, St., 401 Jerusalem, 232, 452 Jesus Christ, 302-3; ability to 307 Homilies (generally), 165, 265-66 Hope, 139, 249, 318, 329, 363, see, 363, 372-402; appearances, 375-77; death of, 228, 289-90, 404-5, 407, 469; descent of, 236—37, 248, 284-86; guardian of Israel, 217-18; incarnation, 285-88, 311, 319, 419-22, 424, 430, 468; mediation, 58, 75, 161—62; natures of, 76, 404-7, 419; omnipresence, 406-13; Porphyry on, 468-71; resurrection, 218-19, 228, 319, 321, 370-71, 376, 405; seeing God
387, 417, 445, 466 Hortensius (Cicero), 91, 169, 174, 344, 358 Households. See Family life Humility, 77, 200-1, 214, 216,
229, 240, 285, 319, 327
Idols, 70, 73, 275, 431
Images, 390; belief and, 370-71; dreams, 145; Jerusalem as, 232-36; memory and, 128-30, 134-36 Images of God, 59-60, 73, 198, in, 373, 374, 375; selfsame, 236; spouse of Church, 253; Way, as, 200-1; Wisdom, as, 319-20, 336-37, 356-58, 388-89 Immanence, 60, 63 Immortality. See Eternal life Incarnation, 285-88, 311, 319, 192; Word, as, 269-80 Job, 221 John the Baptist, 215, 270, 279-80, 414-15 John the Evangelist, 217-18, 419-22, 424, 430, 468 Indwelling of God, 407-8, 267-69, 271, 279; epistles, 297-307; Gospel, 267-80, 281-93 Joy, 84, 85, 140-42, 144 Judaism, 469-70 Judas, 304 Judgment, 290-91, 407, 422 Judicial system, 447-48 Julian the Apostate, 86 Jupiter (god), 468, 470, 472 Justice, 344-45, 431, 466-68, 410-11, 416-18, 424, 425 Infirmarian, 491 Insanity, 441-42 Insects, 276-78
Isaas, 208-9, 421 Isaiah, 203, 375, 376, 380 Ishmael, 208-9, 283 Israel (nation), 237-38
474-77 Justina (empress), 108, 109
Jacob, 421 Jacob's ladder, 201
INDEX
Material goods, 221-22, 226,
Kakos, 453-54 Knowledge, 77, 332-34, 339; 256-57 Mathematics, memory and, 132—33 Meditation, 365 Memory, 58, 128-44, 159, 340; memory and, 130-31; sources of, 367-68; temptation, as, 153-54, 160 belief distinguished from, 369; faith and, 334-36; forgetfulness and, 132, Language diversity, 448-49 Lastidianus, 165, 171 Laws, obedience to, 462-63 Lazarus, 320 Learning. See Knowledge Leisure, 435, 437, 465 Letter 211, 481 Licentius, 165, 171, 172, 175, 176, 135-36, 137-38, 348-49; God and, 143, 353; knowledge and, 339, 345-46, 347; mind and, 339, 342-47, 350-52; retention of, 335-36; thought and, 340; virtue and, 440 Mendicant movement, 482-83 Mercy, 254-56 Milan, persecution in, 08-9 Milan monastery, 89 Mind: childhood, 337-38; God
178, 183, 186, 187, 190 Life-force, 127 Light, God as, 70-71, 75, 106, 151, 215-16, 279, 291-92, 297, 315, 392-95 Love: faith and, 320-21, 363; God as, 297, 302-3, 430; holy and profane, 231; miseries of, 446; monastic and, 342-44, 348-55, 404; self-knowledge, 345-46, 350-51; self-love, 351-52; "sight," 366-67, 392-401; thought and, 338-39 Miracles, 326, 414-15 Mixed life, 435, 437, 440, 465 Monastic life, 89; Rule, 481-83, life, 481, 492; nature of, 325-26; Trinity symbolized by, 312, 327-29, 330, 339, 343; vicarious goodness through, 243 Love of God, 125-26, 127-28, 485-93 Monica, St.: Augustine and, 99, 198, 328-30, 349-50, 459 Love of neighbor. See Charity Lust, 86, 88, 145, 214, 229, 104, 108-9, 119-21; death, 116-21; happiness discussion, 165, 171-72, 174, 419-20, 442
Magic, 153 Manichees, 60-61, 91,°94-96, 104
193; Ostia experience, 58, 114-16 Morality, inate knowledge of, 353 Moses, 274, 288-90; seeing God, 165, 277, 278 Marriage, 419-20 Martyrs, 213, 227, 230 Mary, Mother of Jesus, 320
378, 381, 385, 386 Music, 108-9, 149-50
INDEX
Mystical Body, 248, 311, 364, conversion of Augustine and, 78-79, 97; unity, on, 288 Pauline, letters to, 363-402 Paulinus of Nola, 57
423-25 Mysticism, 201, 385
Nathaniel, 240 Natural goods, primary, 434, 438, Peace, 243, 393, 395, 430; charity
439, 440, 441, 451, 458 Navigius, 165, 171, 177, 178, 182 Nebridius, 60-61, 65, 88, 103, 104 Needy persons, 184-89 Neoplatonism, 166, 359, 429 New Academy, 435, 436, 437, and, 297; eternal, 451-52, 456, 458-64, 465, 477; forgiveness and, 491-92; God as, 211-12, 268, 430; inate desire for, 453-57; pagans and, 475-76; temporal, 456-58, 474, 476-77 Pentecost, 311 Persecutions, 463 Perseverance, 387 Peter, 305, 385, 404-5 Photinians, 377, 471 Photinus, 77 Philosophy, hazards of, 167-69 Philosophy of the Oracles, 469 Pilgrimage, life as, 249-50 Plato, 430, 435 Platonism, 68-70, 77-79, 165, 440, 464 Nicodemus, 281, 284-85 Noah, 460 Novices, 487
Obedience, 456, 459-60, 477; civic, 462-63; monastic, 493 Old Academy, 435-36, 440, 444 Old Law, 208 On the Baptism of Infants, 414 On the Trinity, 311-12; text, 313-59 Orata, Sergius, 186, 188 Order, 456-57, 458 Order of the Hermits of St.
177-79, 182 Pleasure, 84-85, 434, 438, 441 Plotinus, 165, 170, 430 Polemo, 435 Polytheism, 429 Ponticianus, 88—91 Porphyry, 430, 468-73 Possession, demonic, 442 Possessions. See Material goods Poverty, 259-61, 485-87 Power, 326, 431, 492 Praise, desire for, 156-58 Prayer, 124, 365, 486; psalms, see
Augustine, 483 Original sin, 94, 419, 460 Ostia experience, 58, 114-16
Paganism, 451, 468-72 Pagans, charity toward, 430 Pain, 185-86; eternal, 478; pleasure and, 84-85 Paradise, 404-7 Patricius, 112, 113, 121 Paul, St., 148, 329, 441, 445; Psalms Predestination, 423 charity, on, 245-46; conversion of, 86;
INDEX
Retractions, 57 Righteousness, 322-25 Righteous ones, 241 Roman Empire, 449, 466-67 Rome, 429 Rule of St. Augustine, 481-83; Pregnancy, 414, 420-21 Presence of God, 364, 384, 403-25 Pride, 319, 475; contempt and, 257, 259; folly of, 155-56, 2144216 217) 229-2395 250, text, 485-93 Rusticus, 165, 171, 177
477; Ishmael, 283-84, monastic life, 485-86; truth and, 165, 168-69, 240 Primary natural goods. See
Saints, 207, 252, 411, 446, 451; judgment, role of, 242, 245
Natural goods, primary Protasius, 109 Prudence, 344, 345, 346, 442-43 Psalms: 4th, 105; 119th, 199-212; Sallust, 190 Satan, 450-51, 457 Saul, 303 Scandal, 225-27 Schism, 307 Scipio, 466 Scripture: epistles of John, 120th, 213-30; 121st, 231-47; 122nd, 248-61 Punishment, 259, 331, 461-62, 489; children, 304, 306, 307; criminals, 447—48; misfortune as, 62, 255-56, 297-307; faith and, 367, 370, 389, 391, 464; Gospel of John, 269-80, 286; 258; servants, 254-55 Pythagoras, 332
Platonism and, 68-70, 77-79; preaching, 197 Second coming, 290-91, 407, 422 Seeing God, 363, 372-402;
Quantification, limits of, 408-9,
scriptural instances, 372-74,
Reason: vices and, 475, 476, 477;
380 Self-knowledge, 122-23, 339, virtues and, 440 Rebecca, 415 Rebukes, 306-7, 332, 488-89, 492 Rejoicing, 84, 85, 140-42, 144 Religious superiors, 489-90, 491, 345-46, memory and, 129-30 Self-love, 349-51, 430, 459; suicide and, 444-45 Self-righteousness, 259 Selfsame, 235-36, 245; 492-93 Renewal, 482 Repentance. See Contrition Repose, 434, 438, 441° Resurrection: general, 379, participation in, 235, 237, 239, 240, 245 Sensory perception, 127; memory and, 128-29; pleasure and, 380-83, 396-97, 405, 429-30; Jesus, 218-19, 228, 319, 321, 370-71, 376, 405
153 Sermons. See Homilies
INDEX
Servants: punishment of, 254-55;
Suffering. See Pain Suicide, 443-45 sons or, 253-54 Sight, internal, 366-67, 390,
398-99 Sight, sense of: memory and, 125;
Tactile perception, memory and
129 "Take and read" episode, 98 temptations of, 151-52 Simplicianus, 80, 81-82, 83, 86 Sin, 197-98; forgiveness of, Taste sense, memory and, 129 Temperance, 190-91, 344, 345, 205-6, 289-92, 356, 417, 476, 477; indwelling of God and, 411, 417-18; lust, see Lust; nature of, 74, 275; original, 94, 419, 460; pride, see Pride; repentance, see Contrition; unhappiness and, 352, 457 Singing, 486 Skill-knowledge, 278-79 Slavery, 449, 460-61 Sleep, 145-46 Smell, sense of, 129, 149
442 Temples, 234; humans as,
422-23 Temptations, 58, 145-46, 225, £24, 820, 2939.4 Terence, 446 Testimony, belief and, 368-70 Thagaste, 482 Thought, 132, 338-40; memory and, 340; soul and, 173 Torture, 447 Treachery, 449-50 Tribes of Israel, 237—38 Trinity, 311-59, 395; charity and, Social life, 435-38, 440, 446, 453-55, 467 Soul: awareness of, 321-22; body
297; definition, 311; images of, 166, 341, 358; invisibility, and, 87, 438-39, 441, 467, 474, 475, 477; child's, 337-38; dangers, 441; food for, 173-74; happiness and, 377, 389; lesser trinities, 335, 339, 340, 341-46; omnipresence, 410-11; persons, see individual Persons Truth, 142, 433; certainty and, 185; image of God, 166, 336-37, 353-55; immortality, 336, 355, 358-59; Jesus having, 404; journey, see Ascent to God; Manichean view, 61; nature
436, 440; God as, 74-75, 142-43, 159-60, 165, 192, 315, 482; joy and, 141-42; memory and, 132-33; search for, 165, 178, 465 Trygetius, 165, 171, 172, 176, 178, of, 173; peace of, 456 Sounds, memory and, 129 Spirits: evil, see Devils; Holy, see
Angels; human, see Soul Spiritual body, 397-99 Stephen, St., 375 Stoicism, 435, 440, 443-44
183, 188, 193 Tullius. See Cicero, Marcus
Tullius Twins, 66-67
INDEX
Virtues (generally), 343, 344-45,
Understanding, 339-40 Unhappiness, 184-86 Unity. See Community
346 Vision, 343
War, 446, 447, 449, 453, 455, 474,
Vanity, 158-59, 222, 336 Varro, Marcus, 433-36, 437-38, 477-78; just war, 431, 449, 460 Will, 317-18, 334, 339, 343; 439, 444, 464, 468 Verecundus, 88, 102-3 Verheijen, Luc, O.S.A., 481 Vices, 442, 475, 476, 477. See also conversion of, 93-95; God's, 396; perverse, 86 Wisdom, 331-59, 433; Divine individual vices Victorinus, 58, 81-84, 86 Vindicianus, 65 Virtue, 379, 472, 475; awareness
Word as, 166, 268, 278-79; happiness and, 165, 178, 187-91; throne of, 242 Witnesses, torture of, 447-48 Women religious, Rule for, 481 Word of God. See Scripture Worship, 331 2 of, 393-94; good, as, 434, 438, 439, 441; loss of, 450; nature of, 173; peace and, 451; vices and, 442-43, 445
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