Subject Index
SUBJECT INDEX
Abraham, 262, 264, 277–78, 280
absurdity of life, 221–29
Acts of the Apostles, 118, 119, 298, 299, 300
affective objections, 31n14. See also doubts
afterlife, 249–50, 259–61, 261–65, 272, 275. See also heaven; hell
Amorites. See Canaanites
analogies, 264n5
ancient biographies (Lives), 102, 108
Anderson, Matthew Lee, 26–27
Anselm, 136–37
Anselmian Perfect Being Theology (APBT), 167–72
anti-realism, 196–99
Antony, Louise, 154–55
apatheism, 55–58
apistos, 341
Apollonius of Tyana, 119–20
apologetic character, 373
apologetics
evangelism and, 43n37
sincere seekers and, 133
small group study of, 365–68
value of “doing,” 16
in the workplace, 389–91
apologetics training. See also study
advanced degrees, 357n1
assumptions in, 387–89
character formation and, 403
Christian, 369n1
in the church, 375–89
common mistakes in, 385–89
discernment of value, 385
in the family, 369–75
implementation techniques, 384
models for churches, 379–83
self-training, 357–59
in the workplace, 375–89
appearance traditions, 124, 302–3
Aquinas, Thomas, 173, 201, 215
argumentation
as basis for faith, 314–16, 318
burden of proof in, 273–74
Christ-like behavior in, 328–30
criteria for, 77–81
rules of logic in, 75–77
training in, 388
Aristotle, 60–61
arrogance, 402
assumptions, 21, 32, 41n35, 54, 409
atheism
apatheists and, 57–58
contingency argument, 149–53
culpability for unbelief, 229–31
defining God, 135–37
meaning in life under, 221–29
morality and, 153–56
problem of evil and, 273–74
sincere seekers, 132–35
A-theory (tensed view of time), 214–15, 217–20
attributes of God
divine impassibility, 179–82
omnibenevolence, 170–71
omnipotence, 144, 165–66, 170–71
omnipresence, 162, 164–65, 165–66
simplicity, 172–74
Aune, David, 291
Auten, Brian, 358n2
authenticity, criteria of, 103–4, 117, 117n27
Ayala, Francisco, 232, 240, 243, 244–46, 247–48
Ayer, A. J., 337–38
Badawi, Jamal, 294–95
Bailey, Ken, 108
Barnett, Paul, 299
Bar-Serapion, Mara, 115
basic beliefs, 64–70
Bauckham, Richard, 298
Beatific Vision, 260
Behe, Michael, 232, 240–41, 245
Beilby, James, 31n14
beliefs. See also doubts; existence of God; faith
choice in, 229–31
relationship with God, 319–23
understanding of reality, 399–400
value of, 47
Berger, Klaus, 300
Bible. See Scripture
biblical inerrancy. See inerrancy
biblical inspiration, 111–12, 233–34
Body for Life (Phillips), 350
Broad, C. D., 190
brotherly kindness, 323, 325–27
Brown, Raymond, 119
B-theory (tenseless view of time), 214–15, 217–20, 222
burden of proof, 249–50, 271, 273–74, 293
burial of Jesus, 113, 115–16, 117–19, 121, 297–300
Calvinism, 160–61, 174–79, 254–56
Canaanites, 276–283
Carnell, E. J., 314
Carroll, Sean, 62
Carson, D. A., 176
causal determinism, 176–78
Cave, Peter, 155
Cavin, Greg, 305
certainty of beliefs, 28, 53–55
character development, 24–25, 33, 325–28, 373, 376–77, 403
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) Syndrome, 349, 350–51
Christ. See Jesus Christ
Christian education, 369n1
Christianity. See also faith; spiritual life
demographics of, 267
knowing versus showing, 315–16
objections to belief, 70–73
parallels in mythology, 289–93
personal relationships with God, 320–23
relevancy of, 56–57
scientific naturalism and, 339
struggles with doubts, 311–19
Christians
duties of, 322–23
homosexuality of, 342–46
marriage to non-believers, 340–42
perceptions of, 41n35
witness in, 23–25
churches
apologetics models for, 379–83
apologetics training in, 375–79, 384
common mistakes in training, 385–89
question-answering in, 37–38
success measurements, 378n11
circular arguments. See question-begging civility, 393
commenting policy example, 412–13
defined, 398–99
framework for, 398–403
in online discussions, 411–12
principles for fostering, 403–11
Clarke, Samuel, 212
classical foundationalism, 63–64, 67
coherence criterion, 104
common sense, 58–63
communication
apologetics training in, 383
civility in, 393
contexts for, 359
knowledge of audience, 22
listening in, 40–41, 357, 358, 410
in marriage, 353–54
responsibilities in, 402
technology and, 395–96
in a third place, 394–95
community formation, 378–79, 393–95, 404–5
compassion, 181
conflicts
civility framework, 397–403
marital, 353–55
resolving, 405–7
in the workplace, 390–91
contingency argument. See cosmological argument from contingency
contradiction, law of, 215–17
cosmological argument from contingency, 62, 84, 148–53, 183
Cowan, Steve, 315
creatio ex nihilo, 188–90, 188n1, 199–202
creation. See also universe
as benefitting mankind, 257–58
creatio ex nihilo, 188–90, 188n1, 199–202
God’s temporality and, 209–15, 217
reason and, 58–65
crucifixion of Jesus
account discrepancies, 121–23
account sources, 113, 115–16, 298–300
impassibility and, 179–82
thoughts on, 329
culpability for unbelief, 229–31
cultural apologetics, 358n2
Darwin, Charles, 243–44
Davis, Steve, 80
Dead Sea Scrolls, 296
deductive arguments, 79, 81, 106, 306
de facto objections, 66, 71–73
definite descriptions, 187–88
de jure objections, 66, 69, 71–72
determination, principle of, 202–8
Didascalicon (Hugh of St. Victor), 328
digital communications. See online discussions
discipleship
apologetic character, 24, 376–77
double listening and, 38n33
doubts and, 311–19
in our vocations, 360–61
persecution and, 328–30
questioning and, 29–32
relationship with God, 319–23
spiritual failure and, 324–28
discipline
of body and mind, 347–51
in spiritual life, 346
dissimilarity criterion, 103, 104
divine command theory, 95, 98–99, 279–82
divine inspiration, 111–12, 233–34
divine sovereignty, doctrine of, 253–56
divinity, 157–60, 162–65, 294–97
divorce, 352
double listening, 38n33
Dunn, James D. G., 108–9, 290, 298, 300
Eckles, John, 275
education. See apologetics training; study
efficient causes, 199–202
Ehrman, Bart, 107, 110, 112, 120–21
Einstein, Albert, 199
embarrassment criterion, 103–4
emotional problem of evil, 273
empty tomb account, 113, 115–16, 121, 124, 297–303
epistemological naturalism. See scientism
epistemology, 92–95, 137, 153–54, 156, 315
Epstein, Joseph, 410
errors in Scripture. See inerrancy
essence, 140n4
essential properties, 139–40, 171
eternal, defined, 202–6
eternity, 209–15, 249–50, 261–65. See also afterlife; heaven; hell
Euthyphro Dilemma, 95
evangelism, 40, 43n37, 328–30, 358–59, 380
Evans, Craig, 290
evidence
scientific, 147–48
Evidence that Demands a Verdict (McDowell), 314–15
evidentialism. See theological rationalism
evil
in the afterlife, 259–61
God’s existence and, 174–79, 271–76
problem of, 174–79, 249–50, 345–46
skeptical theism and, 269–71
evolution, 227, 231–33, 238–42, 242–48
exercise, 347–51
existence of God
absurdity of life without, 225, 228–29
apatheism and, 55–58
cosmological argument, 149–53
Law of Contradiction and, 215–17
moral argument, 82–84, 153–56, 278–79
as necessary, 138–40
objective moral values and, 88–90
origins and, 183
problem of evil and, 271–76
properly basic beliefs and, 63–70
scientific evidence for, 145–48
sincerely seeking, 131–35
verificationism and, 337–38
existent objects, 188–90
exorcisms. See miracles and exorcisms
experiences, related to belief, 65, 69
Ezra (prophet), 296
face-to-face conversation, 395–96
failure. See spiritual life: failures in
faith. See also beliefs; spiritual life
absolute truths and, 339
biblical inerrancy and, 104, 105–11
definition of, 321–22
in marriage, 342
relationship with God, 319–23
strengthening, 325–28
family life, 369–75
fatalism, 275
feasible worlds. See possible worlds
Ferguson, Niall, 127
fine-tuning argument, 91, 147–48, 173
Flew, Anthony, 90
flexibility, 385
Flint, Thomas, 157
formal logic, 61
forming centers
in the church, 375–89
in the family, 369–75
in the workplace, 389–91
framing in arguments, 397, 407, 409
freedom
determinism and, 175–78
in online discussions, 408
thick notion of, 401–2
Free Thought movement, 290
free will
in the afterlife, 259–61
determinism and, 195
salvation and, 253–56
fruitfulness, 361
fruits of the Spirit, 322–23, 326–27
Funk, Robert, 290
Garber, Steven, 360
general revelation, 266–67
genocide, 276–83
genres of historical writing, 107–9
God. See also attributes of God; existence of God; salvation; Trinity; Yahweh
as cause of the universe, 59, 187–88
divine commands, 93–94, 279–82
as existing necessarily, 90–92, 138–40
free will under, 259–61
meaning of life and, 221–29
moral duties of, 279–82
personal relationship with, 316, 319–23
“God Is Not Dead Yet” (Craig), 335
godliness, 325–27
Golden Rule, 405
gospels
contradictions in, 113, 120–25
as historical documents, 233–34
mythological parallels, 289–93
source material, 115–16, 297–300
the unevangelized, 265–67
Grand Design, The (Hawking and Mlodinow), 191–99
greatest conceivable being, concept of, 136–37, 167–72
Great Good Place, The (Oldenburg), 394n1
Grünbaum, Adolf, 152
Guinness, Os, 398–99
Gum, Geckos, and God (Spiegel), 370
Guthrie, Stan, 359
Habits of the Mind (Sire), 358
Hackett, Stuart, 314
Harris, Murray, 159
Hawking, Stephen, 191–199, 218, 220
Hazen, Craig, 358
health, 347–51
heaven, sin in, 259–61
Hebrew Scriptures, 277–83
benefit of creation and, 257–58
free will and, 253–56
sin in, 259–65
Hendricks, Howard, 34
hermeneutics, principle of, 264
“Hiddenness of God,” 260
historical congruence criterion, 103
historical writings, genre of, 102, 107–9
“Historicity of the Empty Tomb of Jesus, the” (Craig), 301–2
History of Religions school, 290–93
Hitchens, Peter, 127
Holy Spirit. See also Trinity
fruits of the Spirit, 322–23, 326–27
in small group study, 367
in spiritual growth, 327
trusting in, 403
witness of, 63–64, 66, 68–70, 70–73, 230–31
work through questioning, 40
homoousion nature, 157–59
homosexuality, 342–46
Honi the Circle-Drawer, 119–20, 291
husbands, 353–55
hypotheses, 27
Hypothetical Syllogism, 55
identity, principle of, 218–20
Idolatry Project, 37n32
ignorance, naturalistic appeal to, 145–48
imaginability, 171
immortality, 226–27
Incarnation, doctrine of, 162–65
inclusivism, 266–67
independent attestation criterion, 104
indeterminism, 193–96, 194n3, 204–8
inductive reasoning, 105–6, 208, 235–37, 306
inerrancy, 105–11, 112–15, 278–79
inference, rules of, 55, 76–77, 78–79
inference to the best explanation, 206–7, 306–9
infinite punishment, 263–65
inquiry, fostering of, 27, 402–3
intellectual doubts, 29, 318–19
intellectual formation, 373
intellectual problem of evil, 273
intelligent design, 232–33, 240–41, 243–48 See also creation
intimacy in marriage, 353–54
Introduction to Christian Apologetics (Carnell), 314
“is” of predication, 187
Israelites, 280–82
James (apostle), 341
Jesus Christ. See also burial of Jesus; crucifixion of Jesus; empty tomb account; Messiah; resurrection of Jesus; salvation; Trinity
authority of, 36n30
Beatific Vision, 260–61
biblical inerrancy and, 105–11
Christian views of, 285–86
divinity of, 182, 294–97, 304–9
historical figure of, 102–4, 233–34
miracles and exorcisms of, 119–20, 291
mythology and, 289–93
personal relationship with, 316
role of questions, 35n27
on seeking Him, 132
in the temple, 29
Jesus Christ and the Life of the Mind (Noll), 402–3
Jewish law, 281
Jewish reclamation of Jesus, 290–91, 292
Jewish resurrection beliefs, 291–93
Jewish Sanhedrin, 119
jihad, 283
John, gospel of, 118–19, 122, 297–300
Johnstone, Patrick, 146
Jones, Clay, 30
Jones, Timothy, 370
Joseph of Arimathea, 117–18, 119
Josephus (Jewish historian), 115
Judas (apostle), 324
kalam cosmological argument (KCA), 53, 91, 147, 189, 202–8, 233
Kantian philosophy, 60–63
Kierkegaardian fideism, 314
knowledge
certainty of, 53–55
faith and, 325–28
responsibilities with, 399
sources of, 236
value of, 47
Koran. See Qur’an
Kuyper, Abraham, 285
labeling in arguments, 397, 398, 407
Language, Truth, and Logic (Ayer), 337–38
Laplace, Pierre Simon de, 193n2
Last Supper, 122–23
leaders, church. See also pastors
apologetics training, 375–79, 382–83, 384
in small groups, 365–68
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 84, 183, 212
Lewis, Todd V., 410
listening. See communication
literary apologetics, 358n2
literary interpretation, 264
logic
in argumentation, 75–77, 77–81
in postmodernism, 337
skepticism and, 54–55
types of, 60–61
logical equivalence, 151
love, 325–27
in marriage, 352
in online discussions, 403
persecution and, 330
Luke, gospel of, 118–19, 297–300
Making Sense of It All (Morris), 307–9
marital counseling, 353
Mark, gospel of, 118–19, 123, 297–300
Mary Magdalene, 124
material causes, 199–202
Matthew, gospel of, 118–19, 295, 297–300
Mavrodes, George I., 80
maximally great beings, 140–45, 171–72
Mayo Clinic Health Letter (2003), 348, 350
McDowell, Josh, 314–15
meaning, defined, 225
Meier, John, 120
Meilander, Gilbert, 400n7
Messiah, 295–97
metaphysical modality, 138–40, 171
metaphysical naturalism, 194–95
methodological naturalism, 194–95, 237
Mettinger, Tryggve N. D., 292
middle knowledge
biblical inspiration and, 111–12, 233–34
evolution and, 240
freedom to sin and, 260–61
Reformed Theology and, 175–79
rejection of God, 265
and salvation, 253–56
ministry. See also question-answering
apologetics in, 381–82
the church in, 375–79
our vocations and, 359–61
in the workplace, 389–91
miracles and exorcisms, 193–95, 237, 291
Mlodinow, Leonard, 191–99
models for apologetics, 379–83
modernism, 335–39
modus ponens rule, 76
Molinism, 174–79, 253–56, 265–67
monotheism, 157–59, 160–61, 165–66
moral argument. See also objective moral values
circular reasoning and, 91, 153–56
for God’s existence, 93–94, 278–79
soundness and, 82–84
moral development, 25
moral epistemology, 92–95, 137, 153–54, 156, 315
morality. See also objective moral values
Islamic definition of, 276
moral ontology, 92–95, 153–54, 156
moral responsibility, 219–20, 229–31
moral skepticism, 154–55
Moral Theory, 93
moral values. See objective moral values
Moreland, J. P., 25, 33, 34, 37, 339, 358, 373, 376, 412–13
Morris, Tom, 307–9
Moser, Paul, 36n30, 37n32, 406
Muehlhoff, Tim, 410
mythology, 289–93
Nagel, Thomas, 221–29
naming, in arguments, 397, 407, 409
National Academy of Sciences, 349
National Center for Science Education, 241, 245–46
natural evils, 248, 270, 274, 345
naturalism, 194–95, 235–38, 339
natural theology, 136, 170, 270, 285, 335–39
nature, laws of, 192–99
nature versus nurture debate, 345–46
necessary existence, 62, 90–92, 138–40, 149–53
Neither Beast Nor God (Meilander), 400n7
New Testament. See also gospels
divine inspiration and, 111–12, 233–34
reliability of, 102–3
sources, 113, 115–16, 118–19, 297–300
Nicene Creed, 157–59
Noll, Mark, 402–3
non-believers. See unbelievers
non-existent objects, 188–90
obedience, 36n30
objective moral values
definition of God and, 137
God’s existence and, 88–90, 90–92, 92–95, 153–56, 278–79
God’s nature and, 96–99
meaning in life and, 85–87, 225–28
moral argument, 82–84
in postmodernism, 337–39
offline conversation (face-to-face), 395–96, 404–5
Oldenburg, Ray, 394n1
Old Testament violence, 276–78
omnibenevolence, 170–71
omnipotence, 144, 165–66, 170–71
omnipresence, 162, 164–65, 165–66
online commenting policy, 412–13
online discussions
behavioral challenges in, 397–98
considerations for, 404–5
principles for civility in, 403–12
as a third place, 395–96
ontological pluralism, 196–99
opinions, 410
optimal balance, 255–56
oral traditions, 108–9
ordo cognoscendi (order of knowing), 90
ordo essendi (order of being), 90
Ordway, Holly, 358n2
Osiris myth, 292
outcomes, 378n11
outreach ministry model, 380
Oxford Handbook of Philosophical Theology (Flint and Rea), 157–58
pagan mythology. See mythology
Pannenberg, Wolfhart, 110
pantheism, 160–61, 188, 200, 202
parables
Lazarus and the rich man, 262, 264
of the unworthy servants, 322–23
wicked tenants of the vineyard, 295
Passover, 122–23
pastors
apologetics in preaching, 382
community interactions, 38n33
primary purpose of, 375–79
small group study, 367
spiritual direction, 20n1
use of apologetics, 384
patience, 403
Paul (apostle)
1 Corinthian formula, 117
on bodily exercise, 348
fruits of the Spirit, 326–27
God’s existence, 260
God’s revelation in nature, 230
on marriage, 340–42
moral duties, 94
Nicene Creed, 158–59
source of gospel, 301–3
spiritual failure, 324–28
spiritual warfare, 37
peer feedback, 411
Penrose, Roger, 148
perfect being theology, 167–72
persecution and suffering, 179–82, 271–76, 328–30
perseverance, 325–27
personhood, 160–61
Phillips, Bill, 350
Philosophical Foundations for a Christian Worldview (Craig), 75
philosophy
physical health, 347–51
physics, 61–62, 152, 191–99, 220
Pittluck, Lance, 46
Plantinga, Alvin, 63–70, 71–72, 156, 168–72, 181, 242, 315, 320
points of view, 410
possible worlds
definite descriptions in, 187–88
God’s existence in, 138–40, 140–45
and salvation, 253–56
postmodernism, 59, 135–37, 335–39
prayer
parenting and, 372
suffering and persecution, 272, 275, 330
as a virtue, 317
preaching, 43n37
premarital counseling, 351, 353
premises in argumentation, 77–81, 84, 89
pre-Pauline traditions, 115, 301–3
Principia Mathematica (Newton), 328
Principle of Bivalence, 80
programming in churches, 378–79, 386
proof. See burden of proof
properly basic beliefs, 63–70, 72
punishment for sins, 263–65
purpose, defined, 225
quantum physics, 193–94, 194n3
quarks, 152
question-answering
in Christian traditions, 39–40
as God’s ambassadors, 39, 42–43
as human nature, 28
listening in, 40–41
in online contexts, 396
in small groups, 365–68
for spiritual growth, 41–42
understanding context, 19, 21, 40–41, 60
as witness, 43
question-asking benefits, 26–28
question-begging, 70–73, 79–81, 84, 89–92, 154–55
Quine, W. V. O., 236
randomness, defined, 240–43
rational beliefs, 65–69
rationalization, human capacity for, 134, 230
reality
determinism and, 177–78
knowledge of, 399–400
laws of, 58–63
ontological pluralism and, 196–99
question-asking and, 26–28, 47
Reasonable Faith (Craig), 205–6, 295–97
reasoning
with children, 371–72
laws of, 58–63
reductionist arguments, 397, 398
Reformed Epistemology, 63–64, 67
Reformed Theology. See Calvinism
Regnon, Theodore, 255
religious epistemology, 71–72
Resurrection Hypothesis, 305–6
resurrection of Jesus. See also empty tomb account; Jewish resurrection beliefs
account discrepancies, 121
account sources, 113, 115–16, 297–300
biblical inerrancy and, 110
divine impassibility and, 182
evidence for, 304–9
healing and restoration in, 275–76
natural theology arguments and, 285
parallels in mythology, 289–93
“third day,” 302–3
Resurrection of Theism (Hackett), 314
Revealed Theology, 93–94
Revelation, book of, 263
Root, Jerry, 359
rule of law, 127
rules of inference, 76–77, 78–79
Russell, Bertrand, 338–39
Sacrament of Evangelism, The (Root and Guthrie), 352
of children, 281
divine sovereignty, 253–56
prayer of, 323
and the problem of evil, 249
sincerely seeking, 132
of the unevangelized, 265–67
Sanhedrin, 119
Sargon II (Assyrian king), 107
Satan, 317
Schopenhauer, Arthur, 150
science
evolution and, 238–42
knowledge and, 235–38
meaning of life and, 338–39
philosophy and, 191–99, 242–48
postmodernism and, 337
theology and, 61
truth and, 86–87
unanswered questions and, 146–48
scientific evidence, 147–48
scientific naturalism, 339
scientism, 235–38
Scripture
belief in God and, 69
biblical errancy, 105–11
determinism and, 175–76
God’s attributes and, 169–70
inspiration of, 109n20, 111–12, 233–34
problem of the unevangelized, 266–67
study of, 33–35
self-control, 325–27, 403, 408
self-refuting arguments, 63–64, 67, 85–87, 235–237
semitisms criterion, 104
sensory perceptions, 82–83, 155, 197
sentential logic, 60
Sermon on the Mount, 132
Sertillanges, A. G., 35
sex in marriage, 353–54
sexual orientation, 342–46
shaming in arguments, 386
Simon of Cyrene, 123
Simpson, G. G., 244
sin
in the afterlife, 261–65
divorce as a, 352
marriage to non-believers, 340–42
as rejection of God, 263–65
relationships with God and, 321
sexual desires, 343–46
Sire, James, 358
skeptical theism, 269–71
skepticism, 77–81, 154–56, 270, 290–93, 314–16
small group ministry model, 380–81
social media. See online discussions
Socrates, 327
Sorley, William, 155
souls, uniqueness of, 254–56, 267
soundness, in argumentation, 83–84
Space Between, The (Jacobsen), 393–94
Spiegel, James, 370
spiritual direction, 20n1
spiritual life, 331–32
character formation, 25
discipline in, 346
failures in, 29, 318, 324–28, 340–42
Stenger, Victor, 257–58
Stott, John, 38n33
study, discipline of
in the home, 372–75
human knowledge limits, 23n3
for spiritual health, 32–37, 357–59
steps for engagement in, 21
techniques, 44–45
study groups, 365–68
success, defined, 378n11
suffering. See persecution and suffering
supernaturalism, 193–94, 194n4, 235–38
Swinburne, Richard, 91–92, 136
syllogistic logic, 60
systematic theology, 169–70
Tacitus (Roman historian), 115
Tawheed, 294
teachable moments, 370–71
technology in communication, 395–96, 404
Ten Commandments, 277
tensed view of time (A-theory), 214–15, 217–20
tenseless view of time (B-theory), 214–15, 217–20, 222
terminology, as misleading, 239–40, 241
theism
evolution and, 231–33
God’s nature in, 98–99
meaning in life under, 221–29
objective moral duties and, 93–95
perfect being theology, 168, 171–72
physics and, 191–99
problem of evil and, 273–74
question-asking and, 47
theistic evolution, 238–42
theological rationalism, 313, 314, 315–16
“third day” usage, 302–3
third places. See also online discussions
community formation and, 393–95
“thorn in the flesh,” 347, 349, 350–51
time
God’s relation to, 75–77, 209–15
Law of Contradiction and, 215–17
views of, 203–5, 214–15, 217–20
tolerance, 401–2
tomb. See empty tomb account
training. See apologetics training; study
Trinity
the crucifixion and, 179–80, 182
Incarnation and, 162–65
infinite personhood of, 160–62
omni-attributes of, 165–66
relationship among, 213–14
truth values, 80
Tuckle, Sherry, 395–96
Turretin, Francis, 175
“Two Tasks” conference (Baltimore), 259
unanswered questions, 29–30, 318–19
unbelief, culpability for, 229–31
unbelievers
benefit of creation and, 257–58
marriage to, 340–42
sincerely seeking, 131–35
in study groups, 366–67
unevangelized, the, 249–50, 265–67
in the workplace, 390
understanding, goal of, 28, 399, 409
unevangelized, the, 249–50, 265–67
universe. See also creatio ex nihilo
explanation of existence, 149–53
God as cause of, 187–88, 199–202
The Grand Design (Hawking and Mlodinow), 191–99
Law of Contradiction and, 215–17
origins, 61–62, 147–48, 183, 188–90
principle of determination, 202–8
value, defined, 225
value of humanity, 221–29, 277
Vermes, Geza, 291
violence, Old Testament, 281–82
Virgin Birth (conception), 291
vocations, 359–61
warranted beliefs, 65, 68–69, 71–72, 89
Westminster Confession, 175
Willard, Dallas, 24, 31n13, 33, 35n24, 45, 46
Williams, Clifford, 46
witness
in Christian scholarship, 23–25
goal of, 406–7
in online discussions, 403
through question-answering, 43
in vocations, 389–91
wives, 353–55
workplace, apologetics in, 389–91
worldview, value of, 47
World Without Design (Rea), 237
Yahweh, 277–82. See also God
Yandell, Keith, 91–92