Chapter XVIII: Conclusion and Practical Uses
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Chapter XVIII.
The conclusion of this dissertation — The uses of the doctrine herein vindicated — The abominable nature of sin — God's hatred against sin revealed in various ways — The dreadful effects of sin all over the creation — Enmity between God and every sin — Threatenings and the punishment of sin appointed —
The description of sin in the sacred Scriptures — To what great miseries we are liable through sin — The excellency of grace in pardoning sin through Christ — Gratitude and obedience due from the pardoned — An historical fact concerning Tigranes, king of Armenia — Christ to be loved for his cross above all things — The glory of God's justice revealed by this doctrine, and also of his wisdom and holiness.
Let us at length put an end to this dispute; and as all "acknowledging of the truth" ought to be "after godliness,"195 we shall adduce such useful and practical evident conclusions as flow from this truth, which we have thus far set forth and defended, that we may not be thought to have spent our labour in vain.
First, then, Hence we sinners may learn the abominable nature of sin. Whatever there is in heaven or in earth that we have seen, or of which we have heard, whatever declares the glory of the Creator, also exposes this disgraceful fall of the creature. The genuine offspring of sin are death and hell; for "sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death."196
That the heavens cast out their native inhabitants, namely, "the angels which kept not their first estate, but left their own habitation,"197 etc; that the earth is filled with darkness, resentments, griefs, malediction, and revenge, — is to be attributed entirely to this cankerous ulcer of nature.
Hence "the wrath of God is revealed from heaven;"198 — the earth, lately founded by a most beneficent Creator, is
"cursed."199 Hence, the old world having but just emerged from the deluge, "the heavens and the earth which are now, by the same word are kept in store, reserved unto fire
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
against the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men."200
Yea, forasmuch as, in this state of things which we have described as being permitted by the will of God, "the creature was made subject to vanity,"201 there is none of the creatures which, by its confusion, vanity, and inquietude, does not declare this detestable poison, with which it is thoroughly infected, to be exceeding sinful. This is the source and origin of all evils to sinners themselves.
Whatever darkness, tumult, vanity, slavery, fearful looking for of judgment and fiery indignation to consume the adversaries, oppresses, tortures, harasses, vexes, burns, corrupts, or kills; whatever from without, penal, grievous, sad, dire, dreadful, even the last unavoidable calamity itself,
— is all to be attributed to this prolific parent of miseries.
Some one, perhaps, will wonder what this so great a plague is, which perverts the course of the creation; what crime, what kind of inexpiable wickedness, that it hath procured to creatures so very highly exalted, and created in the image of God to share in his glory, after being banished from heaven and paradise, an eternal deprivation of his glory, punishment to which no measure or end is appointed; what hath so incensed the mind of the most bountiful and merciful Father of all, and imbittered his anger, that he should bring eternal sorrows on the work of his own hands, and "kindle a fire that should burn to the lowest bottom, and inflame the foundations of the mountains." I will tell him in one word.
Is it to be wondered at, that God should be disposed severely to punish that which earnestly wishes him not to be
God, and strives to accomplish this with all its might? Sin opposes the divine nature and existence; it is enmity against God, and is not an idle enemy; it has even engaged in a mortal war with all the attributes of God. He would not be
God if he did not avenge, by the punishment of the guilty, his own injury. He hath often and heavily complained, in his word, that by sin he is robbed of his glory and honour,
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
affronted, exposed to calumny and blasphemy; that neither his holiness, nor his justice, nor name, nor right, nor dominion, is preserved pure and untainted: for he hath created all things for his own glory, and it belongs to the natural right of God to preserve that glory entire by the subjection of all his creatures, in their proper stations, to himself. And shall we not reckon that sin is entirely destructive of that order, which would entirely wrest that right out of his hands, and a thing to be restrained by the severest punishments? Let sinners, then, be informed that every the least transgression abounds so much with hatred against God; is so highly injurious to him, and as far as is in its power brands him with such folly, impotence, and injustice; so directly robs him of all his honour, glory, and power, — that if he wills to be God, he can by no means suffer it to escape unpunished. It was not for nothing that on that day on which he made man a living soul, he threatened him with death, even eternal death; that in giving his law he thundered forth so many dread execrations against this fatal evil; that he hath threatened it with such punishment, with so great anger, with fury, wrath, tribulation, and anguish; that with a view to vindicate his own glory, and provide for the salvation of sinners, he made his most holy Son, who was "holy, harmless, undefiled, and separate from sinners,"
"sin" and a "curse,"202 and subjected him to that last punishment, the death of the cross, including in it the satisfaction due to his violated law. All these things divine justice required as necessary to the preservation of his honour, glory, wisdom, and dominion. Let every proud complaint of sinners, then, be hushed, for we know that "the judgment of God is according to truth against them that do evil."203
But sin, in respect of the creature, is folly, madness, fury, blindness, hardness, darkness, stupor, giddiness, torpor, turpitude, uncleanness, nastiness, a stain, a spot, an apostasy, degeneracy, a wandering from the mark, a turning aside from the right path, a disease, a languor, destruction,
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
— death. In respect of the Creator, it is a disgrace, an affront, blasphemy, enmity, hatred, contempt, rebellion, — an injury. In respect of its own nature, it is poison, a stench, dung, a vomit, polluted blood, a plague, a pestilence, an abominable, detestable, cursed thing; which, by its most pernicious power of metamorphosing, hath transformed angels into devils, light into darkness, life into death, paradise into a desert, a pleasant, fruitful, blessed world into a vain, dark, accursed prison, and the Lord of all into a servant of servants; which hath rendered man, the glory of God, an enemy to himself, a wolf to others, hateful to God, his own destroyer, the destruction of others, the plague of the world, a monster, and a ruin. Attempting to violate the eternal, natural, and indispensable right of God, to cut the thread of the creature's dependence on the Creator, it introduced with it this world of iniquity.
First, then, to address you who live, or rather are dead, under the guilt, dominion, power, and law of sin, "how shall ye escape the damnation of hell?" The judgment of God is, that they who commit those things to which you are totally given up, and which you cannot refrain from, are "worthy of death." "It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God;"204 since it is "a just thing with him to render to every one according to his works." And who shall deliver you out of his mighty hand? Wherewith can "the wrath to come" be averted? wherewithal can you make atonement to so great a judge? Sacrifices avail nothing; hence those words in the prophet, which express not so much the language of inquiry as of confusion and astonishment:
"Wherewithal shall I come before the Lord, and bow myself before the high God? shall I come before him with burnt-offerings, with calves of a year old? Will the Lord be pleased with thousands of rams, or with ten thousands of rivers of oil? shall I give my firstborn for my transgression, the fruit of my body for the sin of my soul?"205 Would you attempt an obedience arduous and expensive beyond all credibility? By such dreadful propitiations, by such dire and
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
accursed sacrifices, at the thought of which human nature shudders, would you appease the offended Deity? You are not the first whom a vain superstition and ignorance of the justice of God hath forced to turn away their ears from the sighs and cries of tender infants, breathing out their very vitals, your own blood, in vain. These furies, which now by starts agitate us within, will, by their vain attempts against the snares of death, torment us to all eternity: for God, the judge of all, will not accept of "sacrifice, or offering, or burnt-offerings for sin;" with these he is not at all delighted; for "the redemption of the soul is precious, and ceaseth for ever."206 God cannot so lightly esteem or disregard his holiness, justice, and glory, to which your sins have done so great an injury, that he should renounce them all for the sake of hostile conspirators, unless there should be some other remedy quickly provided for us; — unless the judge himself shall provide a lamb for a burnt-offering; unless the gates of a city of refuge shall be quickly opened to you, exclaiming and trembling at the avenging curse of the law; unless you can find access to the horns of the altar. If God be to remain blessed for ever, you must doubtless perish for ever. If, then, you have the least concern or anxiety for your eternal state, hasten, "while it is called To-day," to "lay hold on the hope that is set before you." Give yourselves up entirely to him; receive him "whom God hath set forth to be a propitiation through faith in his blood, that he might declare his righteousness." But what and how bitter a sense of sin; how deep a humiliation, contrition, and dejection of heart and spirit; what self-hatred, condemnation, and contempt; what great self-indignation and revenge; what esteem, what faith in the necessity, excellence, and dignity of the righteousness and satisfaction of Christ, especially if God hath graciously condescended to bestow his holy Spirit, to convince men's hearts of sin, of righteousness, and of judgment (without whose effectual aid and heart-changing grace even the most apposite remedies applied to this disease will be in vain), and207 to excite and work such
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
sentiments concerning the transgression of the divine law, the nature of sin, or the disobedience of the creatures! A persuasion how fit and proper, those who have spiritual eyes will easily perceive.
To those happy persons "whose sins are forgiven, and to whom God will not impute iniquity," because he hath laid their transgressions upon Christ, the knowledge of this divine truth is as a spur to quicken them to the practice of every virtue and to sincere obedience; for in what high, yea, infinite honour and esteem must God be held by him who, having escaped from the snares of death and the destruction due to him, through his inexpressible mercy, hath thoroughly weighed the nature of sin and the consequences of it, which we have mentioned before! for whosoever shall reflect with himself that such is the quality and nature of sin, and that it is so impiously inimical to God, that unless by some means his justice be satisfied by the punishment of another, he could not pardon it or let it pass unpunished, will ever acknowledge himself indebted to eternal love for the remission of the least transgression, because in inexpressible grace and goodness it hath been forgiven. And hence, too, we may learn how much beyond all other objects of our affection we are bound to love with our heart and soul, and all that is within us, our dear and beloved
Deliverer and most merciful Saviour, Jesus Christ, "who hath delivered us from the wrath to come."
When Tigranes, son of the king of Armenia, had said to Cyrus that he would purchase his wife's liberty at the price of his life, and she was consequently set free by Cyrus, while some were admiring and extolling one virtue of Cyrus, and some another, she being asked what she most admired in that illustrious hero, answered, "My thoughts were not turned upon him." Her husband again asking her, "Upon whom, then?" she replied, "Upon him who said that he would redeem me from slavery at the expense of his life." Is not He, then, to be caressed and dearly beloved, to be contemplated with faith, love, and joy, who answered for our
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
lives with his own, — devoted himself to punishment, and at the price of his blood, "while we were yet enemies," purchased us, and rendered us "a peculiar people to himself?" We, now secure, may contemplate in his agony, sweat, tremor, horror, exclamations, prayers, cross, and blood, what is God's severity against sin, what the punishment of the broken law and curse are. Unless God, the judge and ruler of all, after having thoroughly examined the nature, hearts, breasts, ways, and lives of us all, had thence collected whatever was contrary to his law, improper, unjust, and impure, — whatever displeased the eyes of his purity, provoked his justice, roused his anger and severity, — and laid it all on the shoulders of our Redeemer, and condemned it in his flesh, it had been better for us, rather than to be left eternally entangled in the snares of death and of the curse, never to have enjoyed this common air, but to have been annihilated as soon as born. "Wretched men that we are, who shall deliver us" from this most miserable state by nature? "Thanks be to God, which giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ." May we always, then, be "sick of love" towards our deliverer! may he always be our "beloved, who is white and ruddy, and the chiefest among ten thousand!"
The acknowledging of this truth has a respect not only to the manifestation of his justice, but also of the wisdom, holiness, and dominion of God over his creatures: for that justice which, in respect of its effect and egress, we call vindicatory, which, as we have before demonstrated, is natural to God and essential, and therefore absolutely perfect in itself, or rather perfection itself, this very truth, which we have thus far defended, evidently illustrates; as also his supreme rectitude in the exercise of it, "when he sits on his throne judging righteously;" and how severe a judge he will be towards impenitent sinners, whose sins are not expiated in the blood of Christ! That justice is not a free act of the divine will, which God may use or renounce at pleasure; nor is sin only a debt of ours, which, as we were
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
unable to pay, he might forgive by only freely receding from his right: for what reason, then, could be assigned why the Father of mercies should so severely punish his most holy
Son on our account, that he might, according to justice, deliver us from our sins, when, without any difficulty, by one act of his will, and that too a most free and holy act, he could have delivered both himself and us wretched sinners from this evil? But it exists in God in the manner of a habit, natural to the divine essence itself, perpetually and immutably inherent in it, which, from his very nature, he must necessarily exercise in every work that respecteth the proper object of his justice; for sin is that ineffable evil which would overturn God's whole right over his creatures unless it were punished. As, then, the perfection of divine justice is infinite, and such as God cannot by any means relax, it is of the last importance to sinners seriously and deeply to bethink themselves how they are to stand before him.
Moreover, the infinite wisdom of God, the traces of which we so clearly read in creation, legislation, and in the other works of God, is hereby wondrously displayed, to the eternal astonishment of men and angels; for none but an infinitely wise God could bring it about, that that which in its own nature is opposite to him, inimical, and full of obstinacy, should turn out to his highest honour, and the eternal glory of his grace. Yea, the divine wisdom not only had respect to God himself, and to the security of his glory, honour, right, and justice, but even provided for the good of miserable sinners, for their best interests, exaltation, and salvation, and from the empoisoned bowels of sin itself. "Out of the eater came forth meat, and out of the strong came forth sweetness." By interposing a surety and covenant-head between sin and the sinner, between the transgression of the law and its transgressor, he condemned and punished sin, restored the law, and freed the sinner both from sin and from the law. "He hath abounded toward us in all wisdom and prudence," Eph. i. 8, when he "made all men see what is
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
the fellowship of the mystery, which from the beginning of the world hath been hid in God," chap. iii. 9; for "in Christ are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge," Col. ii.
2, 3.
It will be for ever esteemed a miracle of God's providence, that he should have made the captivity or wicked sale of Joseph, by means of so many windings, perplexed mazes, and strange occurrences, issue at last in his own exaltation and the preservation of his brethren, who impiously sold him. But if any one, though endowed with the tongues of angels and of men, should attempt to describe this mystery of divine wisdom, whereby it is evident that God exalts his own name, and not only recovers his former honour, but even raises it, manifests his justice, preserves inviolable his right and dominion in pardoning sin, wherewith he is highly pleased and incredibly delighted
(and unless this heavenly discovery, a truly God-like invention, had intervened, he could not have pardoned even the least sin), he must feel his language not only deficient, but the eye of the mind, overpowered with light, will fill him with awe and astonishment. That that which is the greatest, yea, the only disgrace and affront to God, should turn out to his highest honour and glory; that that which could not be permitted to triumph without the greatest injury to the justice, right, holiness, and truth of God, should find grace and pardon, to the eternal and glorious display of justice, right, holiness, and truth, — was a work that required infinite wisdom, an arduous task, and every way worthy of God.
Finally, Let us constantly contemplate in the mirror of this truth the holiness of God, whereby "he is of purer eyes than to behold evil," in "whose presence the wicked shall not stand," that we ourselves may become more pure in heart, and more holy in life, speech, and behaviour.
195 Tit. i. 5.
196 James i. 15.
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
197 Jude 6.
198 Rom. i. 18.
199 Gen. iii. 17.
200 2 Pet. iii. 7.
201 Rom. viii. 20.
202 Heb. vii. 26; 2 Cor. v. 21; Gal. iii. 13.
203 Rom. ii. 2.
204 Heb. x. 31.
205 Mic. vi. 6, 7.
206 Ps. xlix. 8.
207 From the figure of notation to the close of the paragraph, the sense of the author has been entirely misapprehended. Read, "must be excited and kept alive by such a fit and adequate view respecting the transgression of the divine law, the nature of sin, or the disobedience of the creature, — those who have spiritual eyes will easily perceive." —
Ed.
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Indexes
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Index of Scripture References Genesis 3:17 (230) 3:21 (103) 18:25 (63) 18:25 (132) 18:25
(147) 19:24 (110) 43 (102) Exodus 18:12 (100) 23:7 (63) 34:5-7 (63) 34:6 (169) 34:6
(163) 34:6-7 (186) 34:6-7 (191) 34:7 (123) 34:7 (197) 34:19-20 (90) Leviticus 26:30 (118) 27:1-2 (93) 27:1-8 (92) 27:8 (93) 27:28
(94) 27:28-29 (93) 27:28-29 (93) Numbers 14:18 (169) 25:4 (114) Deuteronomy 4:8 (42) 4:24 (123) 12:31 (92) 13:17 (114) 16:22 (118)
29:24 (114) Joshua 7:26 (114) 24:19 (62) 24:19 (132) Judges 2:14 (114) 11:30-31 (91) 11:34 (91) 11:39 (91)
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
1 Kings 21:26 (118) 2 Kings 3:26-27 (96) 17:29-31 (82) 24:20 (107) 2 Chronicles 12:6 (49) 28:11 (114) Ezra 9:15 (42) 10:14 (114) Nehemiah 9:8 (42) Job 1:5 (100) 6:2-4 (115) 8:8 (132) 10:3 (36) 13:4 (115)
14:14 (49) 16:2 (115) 22:3 (45) 33:12 (49) 33:12-13 (147) 33:24 (115) 34:12-14 (47) 34:12-15 (49) 34:12-15
(147) 35:7 (45) 42:8 (100) Psalms 5:4-5 (117) 5:4-6 (63) 5:4-6 (132) 5:4-6 (186) 5:4-6
(192) 5:4-6 (197) 5:5 (117) 7:6 (107) 7:9 (49) 7:9
(107) 9:4 (147) 9:4 (169) 9:4-5 (65) 9:7-8 (147) 11:5
(118) 14:1 (41) 14:1 (118) 16:2 (120) 45:5 (113) 49:8
(230) 50:6 (147) 56:7 (107) 69:24 (114) 74:1 (114) 78:49 (114) 78:49 (114) 88:15-16 (115) 94:2 (147)
101:8 (145) 102:3-5 (115) 106:36-38 (81) 115:3 (116) 119:7 (42) 119:137 (65) 119:137 (132)
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Proverbs 17:15 (132) 17:15 (147) Isaiah 5:20 (147) 5:24 (123) 13:9 (114) 30:30 (114) 33:14
(123) 33:14 (122) 33:22 (147) 34:2 (114) 42:1 (169) 42:8 (132) 51:6 (47) 53:6 (197) 53:10 (133) 66:16 (123)
Jeremiah 12:1 (49) 44:4 (117) 44:4 (123) Lamentations 2:6 (114) Ezekiel 5:15 (114) Hosea 13:9 (133) Jonah 3:9 (106) Micah 6:6-7 (230) Habakkuk 1:13 (62) 1:13 (117) 1:13 (132) 3:8 (114) 3:12 (114)
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Zephaniah 3:5 (49) Matthew 1:19 (140) 5:45 (109) Mark 12:12 (140) Luke 17:10 (45) 17:10 (120) John 1:9 (140) 1:18 (111) 3:16 (206) 7:19 (140) 15:13 (7)
Acts 5:31 (169) 14:17 (109) 17:31 (64) Romans 1:17 (42) 1:17 (107) 1:18 (104) 1:18 (104) 1:18 (108)
1:18 (108) 1:18 (129) 1:18 (138) 1:18 (196) 1:18 (230) 1:32 (65) 1:32 (68) 1:32 (132) 1:32 (138) 1:32 (186)
1:32 (186) 1:32 (189) 1:32 (197) 1:32 (196) 2 (74) 2:2
(230) 2:5 (64) 2:5 (106) 2:8-9 (35) 2:12 (35) 3:5 (106) 3:5-6 (47) 3:5-6 (6) 3:5-6 (64) 3:5-6 (132) 3:18-26
(110) 3:21 (42) 3:23-26 (167) 3:23-26 (173) 3:24-25 (152) 3:24-26 (140) 3:25-26 (47) 3:26 (140) 3:26 (140)
6:23 (120) 8:20 (230) 8:32 (206) 9 (142) 9:5 (35) 9:13
(166) 9:14-15 (47) 9:18 (47) 9:22 (106) 11:33 (36) 11:35 (45) 11:35-36 (120) 13:3-4 (147)
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
1 Corinthians 1:18 (169) 1:23 (169) 1:24 (169) 1:30 (35) 4:7 (120) 12:12 (197) 2 Corinthians 5:21 (35) 5:21 (179) 5:21 (197) 5:21 (230)
Galatians 3:13 (230) Ephesians 1:8 (228) 3:9 (229) 5:6 (106) 5:26-27 (132) Colossians 2:2-3 (229) 2 Thessalonians 1:5 (42) 1:6 (67) 1:6 (132) 1:6 (169) 1:7-9 (35) 1:8
(169) 1:9 (169) 2 Timothy 1:10 (115) 4:8 (42) 4:8 (49) Titus 1:5 (229)
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Hebrews 2:2 (67) 6:10 (42) 7:26 (230) 9:22 (132) 10:1 (133) 10:26-27 (113) 10:31 (230) 11:17 (89) 12:23 (147)
12:29 (123) 12:29 (198) James 1:15 (229) 4:12 (147) 2 Peter 3:7 (230) 3:9 (106) 3:9 (169) 1 John 1:9 (140) Jude 1:6 (230) 1:7 (67) Revelation 16:5-6 (47) 16:5-6 (65) 16:5-7 (132) 21:27 (132)
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Index of Citations Ambrose: On Virginity: 95
Ames, William: De Conscientia, ejus jure et Casibus: 42
Aquinas, Thomas: Summa Theologica: 42 60 114 Aristotle: Ethica: 60 60 Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics: 38 101 104
Aristotle: Topics: 114
Arminius, Jacobus: Public Disputations: 42
Augustine: On Judges: 95
Cæsar, Julius: Gallic Wars: 84
Cajetan, Cardinal Tommaso de Vio Gaetani: Commentaria super tracatum de ente et essentia Thomae de Aquino: 60
Cappellus, Ludovicus: Diatriba de voto Jephtæ: 95
Cato: Distichs: 97
Cicero: De Finibus: 60
Cicero: Pro Fonteio: 83
Clemens of Alexandria: Hortatory Discourse to the Greeks:
Crell, John: Of the Causes of the Death of Christ: 52
Crell, John: Of the True Religion: 141 147 185 Crell, John: Vindications against Grotius: 52 148
Curtius: Historiæ Alexandri Magni: 101
Des Marets, Samuel: Hydra Socinism expurgnata: 42
Diodorus Siculus: Bibliotheca historia: 101 85 Diogenes Laertius: Life of Protagoras: 42
Duns Scotus: Of Nature and Grace: 44
Durandus, William: Rationale divinorum officorum: 60
Euripides: Cyclops: 41 42 Euripides: Electra: 79
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Euripides: Iphigenia in Aulis: 90 91 Euripides: Iphigenia in Tauris: 41 86 87 Eusebius Pamphilus: Præperatio Evangelica: 87
Gilbert, Thomas: Vindiciæ Supremi Dei Domini (cum Deo) Initæ: 9
Gitichius, Michael: Ad Ludovicus Lucius: 51
Grotius, Hugo: Defensio Fidei Catholicæ de Satisfactione Christi adversus Faustum Socinum Senensem: 181
Herodotus: Histories: 86
Hesiod: Theogony: 69
Hesiod: Works and Days: 69
Homer: Iliad: 42 140 Homer: Odyssey: 102
Horace: Epistulæ: 79
Horace: Satires: 88
Jerome: Epistle to Julian: 94
Josephus: Against Apion: 85 85 85 Josephus: Antiquities of the Jews: 94
Lactantius Firmianus: De Ira Dei: 105
Lactantius Firmianus: De plur.: 42
Lessius, Leonard: De Justitia et Jure: 100
Lombard, Peter: Sentences: 42
Lubbertus, Sibrandus: De Papa Romana: 196
Lucan: Precepts of Magic: 81
Lucan: Siege of Marseilles: 81 84 Mersennus, Marin: Ad Deistas Gall.: 42
Moscorovius, Jerome: On the Racovian Catechism: 51
Ostrodius: Disputations to Tradelius: 51
Ostrodius: Institutions: 51
Owen, John: A Discourse concerning Communion with God:
31 41
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Owen, John: Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews: 32
Owen, John: Pneumatologia: 31
Owen, John: The Doctrine of the Saints' Perseverance Explained and Confirmed: 41
Owen, John: Vindiciæ Evangelicæ: 41 139 Paludamus: On the Sentences: 60
Pesantius: On Thomas: 42 60 Peter Martyr: Commentary on Judges: 95
Peter Martyr: History of the West Indies: 86
Piscator, Johannes: Notes on Vorstius' Parasceue ad amicam collationem cum Jo. Piscatore: 198
Plutarch: Life of Marcellus: 84
Porphyry: Abstinence from Animals: 82
Procopius: On the Gothic War: 82
Racovian Catechism: 135 139 139 139 146 Rutherford, Samuel: Christ Dying, and Drawing Sinners to Himself: 8
Rutherford, Samuel: Disputatio Scholastica de Divina Providentia: 8 75 98 139 220 Seneca: Epistles: 41 101 Seneca: Of Anger: 104
Smalcius, Valentinus: Adversus Franzius: 52
Socinus, Faustus: Concerning God: 146
Socinus, Faustus:
De Auctoritate Scripturæ Sacræ Prælectiones theologicæ: 79
Socinus, Faustus: De Jesu Christo Servatore: 51 53 74 144
Suárez, Francisco: De Legibus Priv.: 220
Suárez, Francisco: Lectures of the Justice of God: 42 60 60
Suárez, Francisco: Opusc. vi. de Just. Div.: 45
Suárez, Francisco: Theol.: 101
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Suetonius: Life of Titus: 42
Tacitus: Annals: 84
Theodoret: Greek Affections: 85
Twisse, Dr William:
Viniciæ Gratiæ.
Potestatis, ac Providentiæ Divinæ: 7 173 Virgil: Æneid: 79 82 100 Voetius, Gisbertus: De Atheismo: 41
Voetius, Gisbertus: Dis. De Jure et Just. Mares: 42
Volkelius, John: De Vera Religione: 51
Volkelius, John: Dissertations: 52
Vorst, Konrad: Parasceue ad amicam collationem cum Jo.
Piscatore: 204
Vossius, Gerardus Joannes: De Theologia Gentili: 41 42 72
Vossius, Gerardus Joannes:
Responsio ad Judicium Hermanni Ravenspergeri: 181
Westminster Shorter Catechism: 147
Winer, George Benedikt: Idioms of the Greek Language: 140
Zanchius, Jerome: De Natura Dei: 42
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Index of Names Acosta: 82
Aelian: 70
Agrippina: 79
Alexander the Great: 99 99 Ambrose: 94
Ames, William: 42
Antiochus: 85
Antoclides: 87
Apion: 80
Aquinas, Thomas: 44 50 107 Aristomenes the Messenian: 86 86 Aristotle: 35 37 44 48 70 101 101 104 104 104
Arminius, Jacobus: 42 171 171 172 172 196 Augustine: 7 19 52 94 131 Baxter, Richard: 9
Bellarmine, Cardinal Robert: 196
Biddle, John: 139
Biel, Gabriel: 45
Brutus: 36
Cæsar, Julius: 80 83 83 84 84 Cajetan, Cardinal Tommaso de Vio Gaetani: 44 50 Calvin, John: 7 7 19 Cameron, John: 19 53 Cato: 96
Champollion, Jean François: 103
Cicero: 48 80 83 83 Claudius, Emperor: 79
Clemens of Alexandria: 80 86 86 87 87
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Corvinus, Johannes Arnoldus: 172
Covetus, Jacobus: 149 151 Crantzius, Albertus: 96
Crell, John: 51 51 141 141 141 141 141 142 143 143 143 143 144 145 146 146 185 183 Cromwell, Oliver: 9 11 Curtius: 101
Cyrus: 226 226 226 Demaratus: 87
Des Marets, Samuel: 42
Diodorus Siculus: 101 85 87 99 Diogenes Laertius: 42
Dion Prusæensis: 70
Dionysius of Halicarnassus: 80 87 Ditmarus: 82
Du Moulin, Pierre: 19
Duns Scotus: 44 44 175 177 177 186 Durandus, William: 44 44 44 45 116 Edwards, Jonathan: 8
Eobazus: 86
Epicurus: 78
Epiphanius: 94
Episcopius, Simon: 172
Erasmus, Desiderius: 97
Euripides: 41 37 42 79 80 86 86 86 90 90 94 Eusebius Pamphilus: 80 87 Eustathius: 82
Ferorariensis: 44
Gilbert, Thomas: 9
Gill, Dr John: 102 102 Gitichius, Michael: 51 51
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Goodwin, Thomas: 32
Grotius, Hugo: 181
Hadrian, Emperor: 61 72 Hamilton: 9
Hannibal: 74
Herodotus: 86
Hesiod: 69 69 69 101 Homer: 42 38 38 77 94 Horace: 46 70 73 79 84 88 Jerome: 94
Jornandes: 81
Josephus: 85 94 183 Junius: 19
Lactantius Firmianus: 42 104 104 Lessius, Leonard: 100
Lubbertus, Sibrandus: 19 173 173 185 186 186 186 186 186 186 186 187 189 189 189 190 191 192 193 193 193 194 196
Lucan: 81 84 Ludovicus Cappellus: 94
Ludovicus Lucius: 51
Maccovius, Johannes: 19 170 173 173 178 183 185 Manetho, the high priest of Heliopolis: 99
Mauricius the Cappadocian: 73
Mersennus, Marin: 36 42 97 Monimus: 87
Moscorovius, Jerome: 51
Musculus: 19
Nero: 73 79 77 Octavia: 79
Orme, William: 8
Ostorodius: 51
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Otho: 77
Owen, John: 7 7 7 8 8 8 9 9 10 13 31 31 31 32 32 31 41 42 78 78 139 181 204 204 204 Paludamus: 44 60 Paræus, David: 19 51 Paulinus: 84
Pesantius: 42 45 Peter Lombard: 44
Peter Martyr: 86 94 Phavorinus: 104
Philo: 80 87 88 Phocas: 73
Piscator, Johannes: 19 173 173 175 183 185 198 198 198 204 198 198 198 198 204 204 204 199 200 204 203
Plautus: 73 77 Pliny the Elder: 76
Plutarch: 37 70 84 Pope, Alexander: 79
Porphyry: 80 82 82 87 87 Procopius: 82
Protagoras: 37
Ptolemy Philadelphus: 99
Pythocles: 87
Rivet, André: 19
Rutherford, Samuel: 7 8 53 61 75 98 135 205 205 210 216
Ryland, J: 10
Scaliger, Julius Cæsar: 99
Schlichtingius, Jonas: 51
Seneca: 41 37 42 79 101 101 104 Simpson, Robert: 10
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Smalcius, Valentinus: 51 139 139 Socinus, Faustus: 51 51 51 52 67 74 74 75 79 75 75 139 139
144 149 149 149 149 150 154 155 155 156 156 156 157 157 157 158 158 159 166 166 167 196 Stafford, S: 10
Suárez, Francisco: 42 44 45 60 45 100 104 220 Suetonius: 36 42 73 77 Tacitus: 81 84 Terence: 45
Tertullian: 73 80 87 Theodoret: 82 85 Theopompus: 86 86 Tiberius: 87
Tigranes, king of Armenia: 221 226 Titus, Emperor: 36
Twisse, Dr William: 7 8 19 116 116 116 118 120 121 170 170 170 170 171 173 172 172 173 173 174 174 175 176 179
181 182 182 182 183 185 186 186 186 186 186 186 187 189 190 190 193 193 193 194 198 198 198 199 203 205 205 206
206 206 206 206 218 Virgil: 77 82 87 99 Voetius, Gisbertus: 41 42 53 Volkelius, John: 51 51 141 Vorst, Konrad: 204
Vossius, Gerardus Joannes: 19 41 42 72 88 99 174 174 179 181 193 Wilkinson: 103
Winer, George Benedikt: 140
Zanchius, Jerome: 42
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Index of Greek Words and Phrases ἀθέους: 41 ἀμφισβήτητα: 102 ἀναμφισβήτητα: 102 ἀοργησίαν: 104 ἀποσπασμὰτα: 31 ἐρυθραῖος: 83
Ὡς τοῦ πιεῖν γε, καὶ φαγεῖν του φ' ἡμέραν, Ζεὺς οὖτος ἀνθρώποισι τοῖσι σώφροσι.: 41
Φοίνιξ: 83 δίκαιος: 140 140 δικαιότατος κενταύρων: 140 καὶ: 140 140 ξ: 42 πολιτείας: 32 πρόληψις: 78 79 φόνος: 83 φοίνιξ: 83 83 φοινίκεος: 83
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Index of Latin Words and Phrases proprie dictos et speculative, seu plene persuasos, agnoscunt pene omnes.: 41
Ære ciere viros, Martemque accendere cantu.: 12
Ab ipsis ferè religionis nostræ cunis et primordiis.: 31
Actu primo et signato: 181
Animula vagula, blandula,: 72
Ante aras, spargisque mola caput, improbe, salsa,: 87
Aspiciunt oculis superi mortalia justis.: 70
Compensatio: 78
Competere: 60
Credat Apella.: 117
Cum prior res ipsa sit, posterior aliquarum rerum, vel in actu primo vel secundo, modus seu affectio: 197
Cum sis ipse nocens, moritur cur victima pro te?: 97
Cur bonis mala fiant, cum sit providentia.: 42
De Papâ Romanâ: 196
Defensio Fidei Catholicæ de Satisfactione Christi: 181
Dei libertati non subjacere: 220
Deseruit pede Poena claudo.: 70
Desinat in piscem mulier formosa superne.: 46
Diatriba: 8 9 9 Dicite, pontifices, in sacris quid facit aurum?: 30
Disputatio Scholastica de Divinâ Providentiâ: 8
Eorum qui antiquitus horrendi criminis rei existimabantur vindicias instituerunt inulti.: 41
Eriperem, prudens placavi sanguine divos.: 88
Et moderari et suspendere: 220
Etenim ille: 73
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
G. J. Vossii Responsio ad Herm. Ravenspergeri Judicium de eodem: 181
Hospes comesque corporis,: 72
Illos qui nullum esse Deum dixerunt non modo philosophos, sed ne homines quidem esse dixerim, qui brutis simillimi solo corpere constiterunt, nihil omnino cernentes animo, sed ad sensum corporis cuncta referentes, qui nihil putabunt esse nisi quod oculis tuebuntur.: 42
Immo etiam ex condigno: 60
In Collationem Vorstii.: 204
Inculpatæ: 32
Justitiæ illius, cui pœnas irrogare incumbit: 147
Lucidaque evictos effugit umbra rogos.: 72
Marmoreo tumulo Licinus jacet, at Cato parvo,: 36
Nec, ut soles, dabis joca.: 72
Nempe tuo furiose?: 88
Nobis non licet esse tam disertis.: 55
Nocturnos lemures, portentaque Thessala finxit: 74
Non est potestas Dei in terris.: 41
Non hæc solennia nobis: 100
Nullos unquam fuisse aut esse posse : 41
Pallidula, rigida, nudula,: 72
Parasceue ad amicam collationem cum Jo. Piscatore: 204
Pompeius nullo; credimus esse deos?: 36
Poterat nos Deus verbo aut nutu redimere, nisi aliter nostrâ causâ visum esset, ut proprio et unigenito Filio non parcens, testatum faceret in ejus personâ quantam habeat salutis nostræ curam.: 7
Primus in orbe deos fecit timor: 100
Quæ nunc abibis in loca?: 72
Quia rationem mali non intellexerunt, et natura ejus abscondita fuit, duo principia bonum et malum finxit tota ethnicorum (ante natum Marcionem) antiquitas.: 42
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Raro antecedentem scelestum,: 70
Rectum animi servas?: 88
Responsio: 181
Sanguine placastis ventos, et virgine cæsâ.: 87
Si longo sermone morer tua tempora: 13
Somnia, terrores magicos, miracula, sagas,: 73
Stultitia est morte alterius sperare salutem.: 97
Sunt aliquid manes: lethum non omnia finit,: 72
Suntque oculis tenebræ per tantum lumen obortæ.: 16
Tu quum pro vitula, statuis dulcem Aulide natam,: 87
Ut turpiter atrum: 46
Vado isto enavigato: 31
Veritatis argumentum est omnibus aliquid videri tanquam deos esse, quod omnibus de diis opinio insita sit, neque ulla gens usquam est, adeo extra leges moresque posita ut non aliquos Deos credat.: 41
Verum ego, ut hærentes adverso littore naves: 88
Vindiciæ Evangelicæ: 41 139 Vindiciæ Gratiæ. Potestatis, ac Providentiæ Divinæ: 7
Vindiciæ Supremi Dei Domini (cum Deo) Initæ: 9
Visam Britannos, hospitibus feros.: 84
Vulnere si ventris: 81 in publica commoda peccem,: 13 pro Fonteio: 83 quia: 132 quin: 132
DISSERTATION ON DIVINE JUSTICE
Index of Pages of the Print Edition 481 482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 491 492
493 494 495 496 497 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516
517 518 519 520 521 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540
541 542 543 544 545 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564
565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577 578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588
589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612
613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624